UoE Architectural Design 1A 2020

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Elements Portfolio 2020 Jiayi Liu B177824

CONTENT PROJECT 1 Elements Exploration

1 - 16

—Grounding, Ground, Wall & Opening and Roof

PROJECT 2 (Class)room Design —Open-air School in Beijing International Sculpture Park

17 - 37

PROJECT 1 Elements Exploration Grounding, Ground, Wall & Opening and Roof

Architectural Design: Elements Portfolio

Jiayi Liu B177824

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Introduction

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The first project for the semester focused on exploring sites, walls, openings, and roofs. In this work, I incorporated my understanding of each architectural structures and was inspired by famous buildings’ forms. My two tutors and classmates also provide critical information during the design process.

Over time, the building gradually expanded, and I also came up with my first theme -- “Exploring architecture through construction and reconstruction.” Building renovation and reconstruction is one of the most crucial design topics for architects. For instance, the traditional Japanese Shinto contains two identical sites to reconstruct those temples every twenty years.

Meanwhile, European architects would leave the original constructer without extensive renovation. From my perspective, Ancient buildings contain irreplaceable historical traces and various cultural consciousness. Therefore, an accurate understanding of the old buildings and the proper renovation methods can save historical records and reflect time changes’ reincarnation.

In designing the first project, the construction of the model was divided into three weeks. As we used clay as the material for the ground and walls, its fragile property makes the model’s appearance varied a lot each week. I have to do some reparation to continue my design. I finally designed the roof as a projection for all the clay walls to prevent them from being destroyed. Thus, my theme, “Exploring architecture through construction and reconstruction,” is revealed in the project.

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Ground I intended to design an open space for people to rest during the design of the ground. Therefore, I created the cave-like space below.

Exploration of the Possibilities of Grounds

The most exciting part of the plan is that the floor goes down and becomes darker inside the room, and people can climb up to the top of the ground from outside.

Initial Plan of the Ground N

Original Scale: 1:50

Section stamp painted with ink

Manipulated section stamp using PhotoShop

Photo of the cut section

Photo of the model from West point

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Photo that is took from the top of the model

Jiayi Liu B177824

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Wall After cutting the ground to make the section stamp, I tried my best to repair it by applying new clay and water. During the second

Exploration of the Possibilities of the Walls

step, I built all the walls with clay. Oxford dictionary suggests that a wall is a continuous vertical structure that encloses or divides an area. As my ground has an exciting slope allowing people to climb, I further developed the pitch into stairs and built a second floor.

As the balance of weight for clay is not good, the walls' openings are tiny—however, the small openings and dark interior space generate a mysterious atmosphere. I took several pictures to illustrate the visitors’ experience in the building.

Second Plan of the Ground and the Wall N

Original Scale: 1:50

Photos of the model

Photo that is took from the top of the model

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Development of Roof

Exploration of the Possibilities of the Roof

Latter, I consider building an outer wall with more robust materials combining with the roof to protect the clay structure from corro-

Week 4 Sketch The roof of a newspaper kiosk

I applied the structure to the supporting columns of the roof.

Week 4 Sketch The roof of a shopping mall

The triangular structure is applied to the roof and the supporting structures.

Week 4 Sketch The entrance of my residential quarter

The triangular structure is applied to the roof and the supporting structures.

Uenoa Tops Japanese Office Building with Three-dimentional Timber Roof

This structure can not only reduce the gravitational force of the roof but also offer abundant light and ventilation.

sion. The construction of the exterior walls

Inspiration: House N- Sou Fujimoto Architects

was inspired by the House N designed by Sou Fujimoto. I admired the idea of using walls to enclose a space and define the functions, so I imitated the structure as my design’s envelope.

I used to extract geometric shapes from the daily observational sketches. The process helps me develop my project logically and allows me to explore the world from unique abstract perspectives. I made a table to depict my thinking process. Researching about roof structures of well-known instances, I linked the wood structures into my roof design.

Archery Hall & Boxing Club / FT Architects

My Response to the Inspiration

The pointed structure is used as a drainage system to make the house more sustainable.

Reference: https://www.designboom.com/architecture/uenoa-japanese-office-building-timber-roof-10-18-2019/ https://www.archdaily.com/444857/timber-structure-archery-hall-and-boxing-club-ft-architects

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Roof As I want to protect my fragile clay building, I used PVC to represent the concrete structure, and the wood sticks represent the wood structure. I believe the pointed roof can make the design more sustainable and project other facilities from precipitations. Glasses are used to ensure the amount of fo illumination and heating entering the interior spaces.

Illustration depicting the Idea Generation Process of the Roof

Photos of the Roof Design

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Model

I took photos from the top, front, left, and right to demonstrate my model's dimensions. The auxiliary line shows the location of the perspective. I made the picture black and because I want to contrast the structure of different materials. For instance, the darkest section is the clay walls and ground, and the lightest part is the concrete panels and wood structures. The original model's color won’t distract audiences’ intention so that they have more space to imagine. The scale of the model and little model people are 1: 50, so the demonstration of the size is real-life for viewers while perceiving the photographs.

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Model Scale: 1:50

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Model

Exploration of Space

The following photographs are used to reveal the possibilities spaces in my design. I also used section sketches to help viewers identify the relationship and the characteristics of various areas. I considered the variations of the ground, walls, and roofs before the final construction of the model, so I include as many variations as possible to let people enjoy and experience those variations' excitement.

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Development of Plan After making the model, I start to consider ways to create a unique plan to demonstrate my design. At first, referencing the technical drawing I learned in Art and Design class, I regularly draw all the walls. However, I think it is essential to demonstrate the variation of materials, so I start to look back to the daily sketches to find some references and finally find a unique style to draw the plan.

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Scale of all the Plans: 1:50

Skill Applications

Week 2 Stamp of the Ground Texture The Chart Legend I made during the 1st week exercise

The Process of Generation from the Stamp to the Texture on the plan

The exercises I did during the first four weeks are helpful for the production of my final piece.

During the first exercise (exploring the body scale), I learned how to define an object’s scale and made a simple legend. For the second week’s assignment, I took a rubbing from several kinds of ground. Initially, I thought the exercises were useless, but all sorts of skills I learned unconsciously influenced my final pieces when I produce my last drawing.

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Jiayi Liu B177824

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Floor-1 Plan

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Floor 1 Plan (0.5m above the ground) N

The Floor 1 Plan shows the structure at about 0.5m above the ground. Not only the direction of stairs are shown by arrows, but also the terrains of the site are shown by dotted-line with arrows. The clay I built up in the first week and the second week is filled with different patterns. The openings of the building are shown by using the dotted-line without arrows.

1:50

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Jiayi Liu B177824

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Floor-2 Plan

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Floor 2 Plan (4m above the ground) N

I used tracing paper to draw the plan of the second floor by using the same graphic language.

I didn't focus on the outer walls (built with PVC), the wood structures, and the roof when I drew this plan because those structures can be better illustrated in the roof plan and the section drawings.

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Architectural Design: Elements Portfolio

Jiayi Liu B177824

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Roof Plan N

The roof plan shows the top view of the design. I used tracing paper to layout the roof structure onto the 2nd-floor plan, with the black areas painted with black markers shows sections without glasses. The tracing paper's application effectively helps viewers experience the location of glasses and slide see part of the second-floor structure.

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Jiayi Liu B177824

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Sections I finally developed my drawing language (shown in the legend on the right) to produce section drawings. For the section plan, I used black technical pens to make it clear. For the structure behind the section plane, I used pencils to make it softer but still clear.

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Note: As my model is too large (about 40*40 cm^2), the original drawings are impossible to be arranged clearly on an A1 paper. Therefore, the digital plan and section drawings in this presentation are 1:2 to the original size of my physical drawings. Because the original scale of my drawings is 1:50, the scale of the drawings in this presentation is 1:100. To make this clear, I put the scale on the right.

1:100

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Jiayi Liu B177824

16 (metres)

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Illumination & Routes

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1:50

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I use pink and yellow lines with arrows to show people's routes to get into the house and the illumination. The little people and small pieces of furniture demonstrate the lifestyle and possible space for people to visit. I believe the contrast between the straight line and the intricate patterns effectively illustrates the walls' solidity and the roof's lightness.

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Jiayi Liu B177824

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Illumination & Routes

1:50

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As the 1st floor is the darkest and cannot be directly viewed from the model photos, I use the 1st-floor plan to show the routes and illumination. There is no entirely enclosed room on the first floor, but the thick walls and small openings allow visitors to experience from light space to dark space. Link to the Cenotaph for Newton designed by Etienne-Louis Boullée, I want people to experience marvellous natural light in the building.

Architectural Design: Elements Portfolio

Jiayi Liu B177824

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Perspectives The most important element I want to stress is the tectonic structures, especially the roof. I chose these perspectives because I love the contrast between the thickness of the clay and the wood and the PVC's lightness. Therefore, I gave darker value (using charcoal) to the clay walls and lighter weight (using pencils from H to 4B) to the wood, glasses, and PVC. I also used an eraser to highlight the brightest part of the model to make the contrast stronger.

Architectural Design: Elements Portfolio

Jiayi Liu B177824

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PROJECT 2 (Class)room Project Open-air School in Beijing International Sculpture Park

Architectural Design: Elements Portfolio

Jiayi Liu B177824

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Introduction

In the second project, we are supposed to create an open-air school for 18-year-old students to protect them from the problematic current pandemic situation. The school should contain at least three classrooms (12-15 students can use it at the same time) and four toilets. All the classrooms should be able to access outdoor space directly. Other facilities, like a storage area, transition area, playground, library, should also be considered.

I successfully include all the requirements in my design, “Open-air School in Beijing International Sculpture Park.” I chose the site carefully and visited the part several times to ensure my design is possible to be constructed. I also considered my customers’ wants from their perspective, including their daily activities and social interactions, and making more flexible study areas.

My design’s theme is “Functionality & Flexibility,” which is inspired by VW Think Tank’s designers’ words, ‘Flexibility is a keyword for the office of the future…An office is no longer just a ‘place to work.’ It can morph into various setups: a place to think, a place to meet, a place to present, a place to exhibit, and a place to celebrate. Private spaces turn into public areas.’

I admire their perspective, and I believe for 18-year-old students who is almost an adult, it’s crucial to provide enough flexibility in the school for socialization.

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Jiayi Liu B177824

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Site Satellite Map of the Beijing International Sculpture Park

SITE

I chose a tiny hill with an obsoleting shop and several openings among trees in the Beijing International Sculpture Park as the school's site. There are several reasons for choosing the site: 1.

Visitors seldom go to the little forest, and the shop was closed several years ago.

2.

A huge amount of trees grew around the place, which made the space full of fresh air.

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The hill's slope is around 5 to 8 meters high that people can quickly climb to the top.

4.

A flat plaza is already built at the top hill, which can be easily transformed into a playground.

Freehand Drawing Map of the Beijing International Sculpture Park

SITE

Zoom up to the Satellite Map of the Site

Freehand Drawing Map of the Site

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Development of Plan The three plans below demonstrate my design. I include natural and artificial elements in the Plan. The Plan is positively related to the site drawing on the previous page. Pieces of furniture are drawn on the Plan to show the functions of different spaces.

The details of the Plans in the right scale will be presented in the following three slides.

Floor-1 Plan (1m above the ground)

Floor-2 Plan (5m above the ground)

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Floor-3 Plan (7m above the ground)

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Floor-1 Plan

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Floor-2 Plan

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Floor-3 Plan

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From Plan to Section

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FLOOR 1

However, I believe the Plan cannot demonstrate the height of various building sections accurately, so I drew the section to show the shape of the ground and the building’s size.

After drawing the basic tectonic structure of my design, I started to show the sectional drawing perspective. Finally, I added the environment by layering the watercolour painting at the bottom layer.

FLOOR 2

E SECTION DETAILS

FLOOR 3

SECTION A TO A'

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Perspective Drawing

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Functionality This page shows the precedents and my mood board by realizing the functionality of my school.

VW Think Tank

‘The office space is changing. Flexibility is a key word for the office of the future. Increasing real-estate prices, a multitasking work-force and organizational networks instead of pyramid hierarchy ask for a design that can modify itself to different layouts. An office is no longer just a ‘place to work’. It can morph into various setups: a place to think, a place to meet, a place to present, a place to exhibit and a place to celebrate. Private spaces turn into public areas. A future office is as diverse as the tasks in a connected world.’

The sliding walls' movements and the diagram showing its variations inspired me to make the mood board not the right. I love the idea "flexibility is the keyword for office of the future," and I want to apply this idea in my design. Thus I added multiple sliding walls in the main hall of the school. Five significant variations can be achieved in the main hall of my design, which is demonstrated in greater detail on the next page.

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Functionality

TUTORIAL CLASSROOM

SMALL GROUP ACTIVITY

LECTURE HALL

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The structure of the mian hall are flexible enough to form different types of space for various activities.

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LARGE GROUP ACTIVITY

All of the sapce are realized by the sliding walls.

DINNING HALL

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Functionality •

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Perspective Section Drawing of the Self-study Room

The variations of stairs’ width and height are beautiful and exciting elements to change users’ experience.

Therefore, I utilize the slope of the hill and built various types of stairs.

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The blank row is a slope for wheelchairs, the row with thinner columns are regular stairs, the two rows with thicker columns are 50cm in height so that students can sit and rest on them.

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The space with tables is the self-study space with a large opening and vegetation outside.

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The stairs also create a space for some school activities like becoming a movie theatre or a performance hall.

SELF-STUDY AND GROUP DISCUSSION ROOM

PERFORMANCE HALL/ MOVIE THEATRE

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Ventilation The diagram with blue arrows shows the ventilating condition on the first floor, which is also the floor that contains the most indoor space. I think the chart can symbolize the overall open-air need for the building.

Fuji Kindergarten- Tezuka Architects

I used Procreate to make all representing lines of windows transparent, so the inflow of air can be directly viewed in the diagram.

Consideration of the relationship between human and nature

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Ventilation Referencing the sketches on my mood board, I chose to use the roof with the most considerable amount of airflow to protect students from the sun’s harmful direct rays. Students can stay under the roof and enjoy their study time on the second floor. The roof gardening system will provide fresh oxygen during the day to further ensure students’ health and safety.

Exploration of the possibilities of the Roof

Exploration of the possibilities of the Opening Size

Final Decision of the Roof Type

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Ventilation Exploration of the possibilities of the Opening Size

The diagram shows the openings’ experimental sketches, and the amount of air can get through those opening. I finally applied the window with the most massive amount of airflow into the design, which is demonstrated in the perspective drawings.

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Ventilation & Seperation

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The government also suggest people to open windows for at least 2 hours a day to get more fresh air.

Dining halls of schools and organizations should set board between diners.

While sitting on a public chair, people should also stay 1 meter away from each other.

Lining up is also follow the same rule.

The group discussion area on the second floor is design to separate various groups of students into various space to prevent infection. The “S”shape effectively use the space and provide an open-air space for students to do their group discussion.

Analysis of the Function and the Wall Height

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Illumination Study of the Sun-path diagram for the Northern Hemisphere and the study of sketches helps me developing the light effect diagram with a lamp and my sketch model.

Mood Board showing details of the model interacting with light

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Illumination Analysis of the interaction between openings and light effects

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Then I experiment with the openings' shape and its relationship with light and scenery.

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The form and size of window significantly influence the light intensity.

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The size and the position of the windows affect people's vision and feeling in the space.

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Thermal Analysis

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Analysis of the amount of light that can get through the roof

Because houses are made of a lot of glass, so in the morning, the sun can provide enough heat to the interior space on the east side, and in the afternoon, it can provide enough heat to the west side. The green plants around the house can balance with the building’s heating to reduce the

Analysis of the amount of heat that can get through the openings

indoor temperature in summer. Roof gardens can also help reduce indoor temperatures in the summer and provide some insulation in the winter.

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P2

Thermal Analysis The school will constructed the central air consitioner and provide extra electronic heating blankets during winter.

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Central Air Conditioner

Afternoon- Thermal Analysis

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Morning- Thermal Analysis

Electronic Heating Blanket that prepared for students during Winter

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P2

Function Assignment Finally, I applied various colours for different functions of the school and generate the axonomatrical plan. On the right, I linked the function to the possible activities I personally experienced in a high school in Beijing.

Activity List •

Lecture and tutorials: 9:00-12:00 am

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Location: Classrooms/ Balcony of Classrooms

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Condition: The coolest space in the morning.

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Self-study/ group discussion (optional): 3:00-5:00

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Location: Self-study/ Group discussion area

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Condition: The coolest indoor space. Students can enjoy the scenery.

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Lunch: 12:00-13:00 am

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Location: Main hall

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Condition: All the sliding walls and windows are opened, thus students can gathered and have their lunch.

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Morning Activity: 8:00-9:00 am

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Location: Playground

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Condition: relatively warm but not hot in the morning.

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Afternoon Activity (optional): 3:00-4:00 pm

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Location: Playground

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Condition: The coolest area in the school

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Self-study (optional): 10:00-12:00 am

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Location: Self-study area

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Condition: Temperature is warm but not hot in the morning. Students can enjoy the scenery.

Legend Toilet Classroom Balcony of Classroom Playground Self-study/ Group discussion Public Area

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2020 Architectural Design Jiayi Liu

Jiayi Liu University of Edinburgh 2020 Architectural Design B177824 s2038689@ed.ac.uk