LCWerner - Grammar Code and Computation - 2016

GRAMMAR CODE AND COMPUTATION

Liss C. Werner

丽丝。C.维纳

编码文法与计算数值 Topology Frequencies 地誌性操作

丽丝。C.维纳

编码文法与计算数值 地誌性操作

Albert Chua Kwee How Ariel Chee Yin Yon Arista Lai Pui Yin Balder Chan Chiew Chuen Daniel Tiong Wie Wen Emmelyn Chua Pei Min Huong Yeu Leong Jezreel Kang Chun Wei Lim Jia Pey Lim Miao Zhi Matthew Bryan Chong Ngai Jia Kang Philip Edmund Lassmann Quek Yuan Miao Ray Tan Liek Yinn Sam Lim Henn Sang Samantha Ting Ying-Hoang Tan Jun Jie Teoh Boon Leong Timothy Wong Tchin Ket Wilson Leong Gin Sheng Yeow Lai Yee

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COLOPHON © 2015 Taylor’s University

AUTHOR Liss C. Werner Work completed by students of Master of Architecture, Taylor’s University School of Architecture, Lakeside Campus 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

版权所有，此书杜绝任何电子影本，收藏副 本，翻印，利用，或任何商业用途。此书有著 作权，侵害必究。

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized for commercial purposes in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter

invented,

including

photocopying

and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers and a clear reference to the source.

DISCLAIMER While the publisher and author have used their best eforts in preparing this book, they make no representation or warranties in respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and speciically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or itness for a particular purpose.

TRANSLATION Dr Francis Lin (Translation Editor) Chua Kwee How Lim Henn Sang Lim Miao Zhi Ngai Jia Kang Quek Yuan Miao Pauline Suen (guest translator, Hong Kong)

ISBN 9789670173269 Standard, uncoated paper, 105g

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特别声明 出版商与作者以最大的努力准备此书，不接受 任何抗议以及保证此书内容的准确性或完整 性。 此书内容面商品或恰当的特别用途

GRAMMAR CODE AND COMPUTATION

Liss C. Werner

丽丝。C.维纳

编码文法与计算数值 Topology Frequencies 地誌性操作

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

致谢/谢礼

GRAMMAR CODE AND COMPUTATION 2014

编码文法与计算数值2014为泰莱大学雪兰莪州湖

is the title of a workshop held for the Master of

边分校建筑系硕士学生工作坊的主题, 是次非常感

Architecture students at Taylor’s University,

谢建筑系学院院长Tony Liew Voon Fun促成这次

Lakeside Campus, Selangor. It was made

工作坊的机会, 本人非常感谢高级讲师兼课程主任

possible through the school of architecture and its

AR Ian Aik Soon Ng的大力支持以及其对计算数

dean Tony Liew Voon Fun.

值建筑的热忱和为此书撰写精彩的前言, 本人亦非

I would like to thank Ian Aik Soon Ng, Senior

常感谢建筑系硕士课程讲师Dr. Francis Lin Cha-

lecturer and Programme Director MArch for

Hui以及Dr. Veronica Ng和所有在工作坊期间提供

his excellent support and great interest into the

其专业知识的讲师, 再者, 本人也非常感激June The

subject of computational architecture, Dr. Francis

Beng安排在泰莱大学网页安排上载官方工作坊的

Lin Cha-Hui, lecturer in the Master of Architecture

影片以供观看, 感谢所有支持和主办是次于泰莱大

Programme, Dr. Veronica Ng and all who

学雪兰莪州湖边建筑设计学院工作坊的教职员和

supported and hosted the workshop on Taylor’s

马来西亚的美食, 此书于工作坊后设计, 撰写及翻

lakeside Campus. The present book has been

译, 本人感激所有为此书提供内容, 翻译及图像的

designed and written after the workshop. And I

人士。

would like to thank all who contributed to content, translation, graphics and the inishing touch.

LCW 4

丽丝。C.维纳

GRAMMAR CODE AND COMPUTATION 编码文法与计算数值 Topology Frequencies - a Workshop 地誌性操作 Liss C. Werner 丽丝。C.维纳

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grammar code and computation

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grammar code and computation

‘The ‘object d’architecture’ has been replaced with the ‘object d’information’. The language of designing design has changed.‘ LCW

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INTRODUCTION

介绍

OPERATIONS

介绍

PARTICIPANTS

8

参与者

A QUANTUM SLIP

量子的错失/小纸片

Ian Aik Soon Ng

GRAMMAR CODE & COMPUTATION

编码文法与计算数值

TOPOLOGY FREQUENCIES 地誌频率 Liss C. Werner 丽丝。C.维纳

地誌性操作

TOPOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

舞动的地面 / 再分舞动

Dancing Subdivision

方格与折叠

绞格

Grids + Folds Grid + Incision Subtraction + Curvature Reflected Grid

模件性操作

MODULAR OPERATIONS

C++

C++ Dynamic Flow Fold + Slot Positive + Negative Tri-Circle Tri-Module Simplified Platonic Solid

切开的方格 消减和曲率

动态流动 正值与负值 三重模数 简化柏图拉式固体

DIGITAL OPERATIONS 数码操作 APPLICATIONAL OPERATIONS 应用程式操作

.

原型式建筑结构

Prototype Architecture Petaling Jaya

八打灵再也

DESIGN TEAMS LECTURERS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

设计组 讲师 致谢/谢礼

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grammar code and computation

A QUANTUM SLIP

量子的错失/小纸片

Ian Ng MArch Programme Director School of Architecture, Building & Design, Taylor’s University

The

22

Master

of

Architecture

students

22

位没有接触过RHINO软件的建筑硕士的学

came into the workshop ‘Grammar Code &

生参与了一项编码文法与计算数值的工作坊。

Computation’ with no working knowledge of

AutoCad

scripting software: AutoCad and Sketchup were

数码母语。由于其中六位已在前几个星期于槟城

their default digital mother tongue. Six of them,

乔治市的建筑协会和理科大学的研讨会中接触过

though, were introduced to the language of

GRASSHOPPER编码文法软件,所以他们对此软件

Grasshopper a couple of weeks prior at the

有基本的认识 另外一位则基于个人兴趣已经涉足

Streetware George Town workshop with the

这软件。为了达到个人的理想而尝试从非数码模

Architectural Association and Universiti Sains

式到编码计算模式对他们来说是个很大的进步。

Malaysia, and thus had the slight advantage of

根据LISS的学生之回应,她为人有善,解说清晰及熟

resonance. And one other had dabbled in it, out

悉运用此软件,学生也因此对此数码文法得到充份

of personal interest. To attempt a mode switch

的了解。要转化建筑设计的空间,形式和上市规划

from “analogue” – read digital non-code – to

为数码和软件语言模式的信念是一项非常困难的

coded computation for the sake of establishing

挑战。因此,那些编码的创造者的物理成果被回溯

personal frontiers was therefore no small leap

着基于先天美学组合多于一系列探究外插法领域

for every single one of the enthusiastic team.

如斐波那契, 沃罗诺伊图或其他混合理论的原创者

Liss was friendly, clear enough and competent,

之集合想象力, 这不是批评,相反的,这是对软件的

as student feedback to me shows. There was

语法,代码和计算对其他地域的启发得到认同。 看

absolutely no problem of language comprehension

来大多数学生都认为五天的学期介绍课程比一天

along the way. The mountain however was

的介绍课程来得更实用, 虽然对于一些学生会比较

conversion to a conviction that architecture –

长的时间, 但那些坚持下来的学生除了得到美好的

space, form and urbanism – can be generated from

回忆外, 亦能为其将来在建筑设计方法上提供另一

digital coding and pattern language. Thus, less

项的选择, 学生把已学的再作批判性思考, 在不久

equipped (with inbuilt passion?) to lead the pack,

的将来放入他们的作品中,软件语法代码与计算就

the producers of the coded physical outcomes

像个访问：一些人待在那里继续研究，一些人就

were seen to backtrack towards assemblage

安然地处于原状，一些这在两者之间徘徊。选择

based on innate aesthetics rather than explore

是个人的，但是未来是会不断创新，所以这最新

territories suggested by extrapolations of series -

软件模式是在国际竞争和全球流动性状态建筑设

whether Fibonacci, Voronoi or any other original

计比赛中无可缺少的工具。 因此，泰来大学应该

or even hybrid that imagination could muster

在本科第二，三 和四学期课程中安装一个以电脑

up. This is hardly a criticism. Rather, it is a

数码为主的设计工作室。最理想是安排在第三学

statement of approval on how ‘Grammar, Code

期。

and Computation’ was so much an awakening and an heuristic journey to a foreign land.

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和SketchUp一直以来都是他们通用的

首席协调员

a quantum slip

Five days to kick of a semester when most were more used to a day-long orientation was much too much for many (and it showed.) Those who persevered, though (and all save one did) had more than a record of smiles against a wallclimbing installation to inherit: They took away an understanding of options, alternative ways to create architecture, even if it meant having slipped without full comprehension into it. The critical relection on the place for such an option in their portfolios of methods will be a drawn out and less intensive experience over the years to come.

Ian Ng, 2015

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grammar code and computation

12

a quantum slip

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grammar code and computation

14

a quantum slip

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grammar code and computation

GRAMMAR CODE AND COMPUTATION

编码文法与计算数值

Liss C. Werner

丽丝。C.维纳

Architect, adj. assoc. Professor ‘In more recent times my colleagues and I have

‘最近我与我的同事们写了一些与你们称为代码

written things that are much more like, what you

的东西类似。它们就像依据一组指令方 程式而形

call code. They are generative processes, which

成物体的生成过程。基本上它是一组指令方程其

are more like sets of instructions that produce the

允许在一空间内展开[….]

things. They are actually sets of instructions, which

居住结构’。

allow the unfolding to occur in space [....] and

Christopher Alexander, Living Systems, OOPSLA,

therefore are capable of producing living structures’.

1996.

因 此能够产生

Christopher Alexander, Living Systems, OOPSLA, 1996.

‘Grammar, Code and Computation – Topology

究城市的栖息地与分类的第一步, 这一 次的工作

production of architecture for a larger investigation

坊被安排在泰莱大学建筑设计学系的湖畔校园，

into urban habitat, taxonomy and diferentiation.

坐落于马来西亚的首都—吉 隆坡。泰莱大学的建

The workshop took place at Taylor’s University,

筑学硕士生都会被鼓励电子计算化的设计过程。

School of Architecture, Building and Design

其最大的挑战是

at the Lakeside Campus, Selangor within the

代表电脑化，而是考虑手动模拟处理可以是一种

periphery of Kuala Lumpur. Taylor’s Master of

新的工 具去了解数码化操作。这项计划通过地质

Architecture students were encouraged to design

频率让大家去反思被不同的习惯模式和装设 而形

computationally. The largest challenge for all

成的城市与用户。尽管世界已经迈入发达地资讯

included the understanding that computational

时代，可是增加城市的基础设施 依然是绝大多数

does not necessarily mean digital, but also

大城市的显著的挑战。建筑学变成了网络活动，

considering that handling analogue computation

虚拟与现实的表现。 许多分类学依据简单地质条

might be the key to understanding the digital

规为建筑机体建议城市及建筑学的方案。因此建

part, utilizing novel tools. The project invited all

筑学可以

to rethink the city and its users, both activated

交流，成长和进化以便融合文化地貌，物质，技

by dynamic patterns of behavior and furnished

术，自然和几何。

described

one

step

into

by an understanding of topological frequencies.

Despite living in a post-atom world of data-trafic and cyber-autobahns the increase of physical urban infrastructure is an apparent challenge in a large number of cities. Architecture has become a manifestation of network activity, virtual and physical. The enormous amount of taxonomical diferentiation suggests urban and architectural solutions according to simple topological rules to arrive at an architectural organism. Hence architecture can be seen as

a

cybernetic

circus

allowing

for

self-

organisation, interaction, growth and evolution as 16

编码文法与计算数值‐地质频率形容了对广泛研

the

Frequencies’

a

convergence

of

cultural

topography,

让他们了解到电脑计算化并不

被视为控制论的机体让自身的组织，

topology frequencies

geometry.

1996年，他在‘ACM Conferences on Object‐

IN[FORM]ATION FORM GEOMETRY SPACE

Oriented Programs, Systems, Languages and

In his 1996 lecture on living systems at the ‘ACM

Applications’

Conferences

是由进化算法和其他形态的编码所形成的

matter,

technology,

on

nature

and

Object-Oriented

Programs,

(OOPSLA)

的演讲上提出了空间 一个

Systems, Languages and Applications’ (OOPSLA)

现象，那个空间是基于参与者，实体或数码计

Christopher Alexander suggested that space

算策略设计媒介与它们的环境的规

is a phenomenon resulting from evolutionary

成的。建筑学已从关系分离状态逐渐变成数码

algorithms and other forms of code, that space is

计算化。从‘object

based on rules regulating relationships between

d’information’。设计俗语已经产生变化。

则关系而形

d’architecture’ 变成‘object

participants, entities or to speak in terms of computational digital design: strategies, agents

D’Arcy Wentworth Thompson在1917年的一篇名

and their environment. Architecture has moved

为‘On Growth and Form’ 论文里指出生 物与自

from the discrete to the relational, increasingly

然现象会受内在以及外来的因数而产生不同的形

subjected to computation supported by digital

态。我们也许能容易了解一些 单一分离物质的原

means. The ‘object d’architecture’ has been

理，可是如何能在设计复杂系统如城市环境的时

replaced with the ‘object d’information’. The

候了解这些原理。 建筑师的天职一向是设计或规

language of designing design has changed.

划出一个系统。为了了解意味着什么建筑命题。

In his 1917 treatise ‘On Growth and Form’ D’Arcy

项目起 始工作始于一张平白地纸张然后穿越模拟

Wentworth Thompson stated that living things and

计算最后再桥接对建筑空间的复杂关系。

physical phenomena take their form as a result of inner and outer forces. We may be able to understand this principle when looking at simple discrete objects, but how can we comprehend this when designing in and for complex systems such as urban environments. The role of the architect 17

grammar code and computation

is – and has always been - to design systems.

网络拓扑结构：探讨从规则到形态的转变

In order to understand what an architectural proposition implies. Project work started with a lat

我们采取了一个挑战，一个步入克里斯托弗·亚

sheet of paper, traversing analogue computation

历山大的步伐 –‘模式语言’概念；一个斯 坦·

and inally bridging towards an architectural

艾伦，‘物体与视野‘的概念了；和达西温特沃

spatial vision focusing on complex relationships.

斯·汤普森，‘增长和形态’的概念。有关 于电 脑建筑系学生调查如何使用电脑作为一个能够缓

NETWORK TOPOLOGY: INVESTIGATIONS IN

解或辅助设计美学的，一个能完 全优化建筑和建

THE TRANSFORMATION FROM RULE TO FORM

筑环境和一个能重新设计整体架构的工具。最初

We took on this challenge to step into the foot-

的研究是通过设置算 法和设计研究成‘从规则到

steps of Christopher Alexander’s notion of

形态’，运用一套有限的规则和操作。

Pattern Language, Stan Allen’s notion of Object and Field and D’Arcy Wenworth Thompson’s notion

of

Growth

and

Form.

Relating

to

computational architecture students investigated how the computer may act as the tool as to ease human computing or computer aided design for aesthetic form-inding, as tool for optimizing architecture, as tool for optimizing the built environment, or as tool for re-engineering architecture on a whole. Initial research was undertaken through the setup of algorithms and design research into ‘From Rules to Form’ apppying a limited set of rules and operations.

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topology frequencies

操作

OPERATIONS Establishing a set of operations within which certain design principles and instructions could

建立一组能被测试成为头一个几何和系统性分化

be tested allowed for irst geometrical and

的，拥有特定设计原理和指令

systemic diferentiation. The main distinction (or

。 它主要的区别是拓扑操作，模块化运算和数码

Leitdiferenz) was drawn between Topological

操作，其次是隐约类型的 ‘样板建筑 ’。前两

Operations, Modular Operations and Digital

个类型专注在2维平面到一个3维空间的变换时所

Operations followed by the rather fuzzy typology

反复显现的图样。应用普遍的 操作，如切片，切

of ‘Prototype Architecture’. The irst two species

割，折叠，弯曲或扭转，进一步从数字和角度的

focused on the transformation of a 2-dimensional

形式，从成为特定 参数和功能。拓扑操作是一个

plane into one 3-dimensional space showing

建筑景观的研究，而模块化操作注重在达到分离

reoccurring patterns. The application of generic

式几何 物体的设计规则。这两个操作都有模式和

sub-categories of operations such as slicing,

频率的要求。数码操作有着非常不同的条件

cutting, folding, bending or twisting was further

：第一个是空间没有限制，其次是没有物理或材

informed by speciic parameters and functions

料的限制，再来是所编写的代码是直 接运用在设

in form of numbers and angles. ‘Topological

计上。这种特殊的操作被视为一个数码样板，讨

Operations’ was a research into architecture as

论着之间的关系和排斥将 在同一时间产生建筑性

landscape, as ield, whereas ‘Modular Operations’

样板。两方面互相结合，互相影响并提问各自的

focused on the development of design rules in

优点和缺点。 这个工程一直伴随着一些主要的问

order to arrive at a discrete geometrical object.

题，什么时候该用什么工具，为什么。接着学生

Both shared the requirement of pattern and

运 用和发展他们的研究结果和系统性，同时新颖

frequency. ‘Digital Operations’ had and have

的方式在一个城市的项目，地点是一个 距离马来

very diferent conditions: irstly space is not

西亚吉隆坡，约20公里的发展中小城市，坐落在

limited, secondly there are no physical or material

雪兰莪州八打灵再也的第14 区。这本书展示了甄

restrictions and thirdly written code is unforgiving

选出的作品，涉及的想法和建筑设计建议。它的

and directly applied as designed. This particular

目的是开放一个 关于电脑的模拟和数码之间，对

operation was seen as a digital prototype and

于形式和设计研究了解的交谈。为了超越美学的

discussed in relation and opposition to the

建筑。

architectural prototype produced at the same time.

Both engaged with each other, informed each other and asked questions about the advantages, disadvantages of either. The work was constantly accompanied by the leading question when to use which tool and why. Subsequently students developed their indings and novel way of systemic thinking further into an urban project, embracing future developments in the area of Section 14, Petaling Jaya, a district in Selangor, approximately 20km from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The present book shows a selection of the work produced, the thoughts involved and the

architectural

suggestions

designed.

It

aims at opening up a conversation about the computational between the analogue and the digital, the understanding form and design research. For architecture goes beyond aesthetics.

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grammar code and computation

TOPOLOGICAL OPERATIONS

DANCING SUBDIVISION SUBTRACTION + CURVATURE GRIDS + FOLDS TWISTED GRID GRIDS + INCISION

地誌性操作 动的地面 / 再分舞动 消减和曲率 方格与折叠 绞格 切开的方格

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grammar code and computation

22

topological operations

DANCING SUBDIVISION

舞动的地面 / 再分舞动 Sam Lim Henn Sang Yuan Miao 再分舞动 是一个探索地誌性格子。

Dancing Subdivision is a topological topography based on the exploration of the grid. Relationships from point to point are articulated through triangulated subdivision of a regular grid. All edges of each subdivided plane can be activated as connecting lines within a strictly non-curved fashion. The regular grid and the non-existence of elasticity of the material allow the plane to

它利用点与点之间的关系构成三角性规格。每条

transform into a lexible and adaptable topographic

被激活而相连的线可用来分解平面的边缘。这些

form. The project draws from two powerful

典型规格与材料槊性本质让此平面可形成有弹性

strategies. Firstly regularity of edge length and

与适应性的地誌构造。此计划来自两种重要的策

secondly its fractal nature; further subdivision

略。 第一，是那规划性的边缘长度，第二是不规

would engage with the issue of diference and

则自然性分裂；当具体在某成度进行个体变化将

repetition through changes in scale.

会再度解分以促进分化与重叠。

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grammar code and computation

24

topological operations

Rule 01: Grid the system 条件1：规格系统

Rule 02: Fold point to point 条件2： 点与点的相折

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grammar code and computation

26

2X

topological operations

2X

X

2X

SUBTRACTION + CURVATURE

消减和曲率 Daniel Tiong Wei Wen Lim Miao Zhi

Subtraction

and

curvature

explores

the

possibilities of morphology through subtracting material from a lat square plane. From each corner triangular slices of paper are removed in a regular fashion. Subsequently the eight open and loose edges are connected to their neighbors.

Due to the missing material the lat plane transforms into curved form, a topographic plane owning convex and concave qualities alike that is both wavelike and smoothly lowing.

在一四方平面上使用删减法和曲率探索了形 态学的可能性。有规则地去除从斜角割片， 以致形成八个开孔和边缘然后互相连接。因 为去除了平面割片而变成曲面，以形成一片 拥有凹凸质量的波浪和圆滑流畅的形态。

27

topological operations

GRIDS + FOLDS 方格与折叠 Wilson Leong Philip Edmund Lassmann

Starting with a square sheet of paper the plane is

从一正方纸开始一些简单直接的折法:水平

irstly subjected to the simplest forms of folding:

式，垂直式及对角式。以对角折叠让正方形

horizontal, vertical and diagonal in two directions.

形成一条迭代的折线。总的来说这项目是

Further diagonal folding in the new smaller

根据简单重复规则形成的无限迭代形态。

squares results in the creation of the irst iteration

以两步骤完成这项目。首先基本网格的形成

of fold lines. Generally the project is based on

后，它的复杂性视乎重复对折量。然后平面根

a topographic coniguration informed by simple

据网格对折形成三维立体结构。一个似网状的

repetitive and regular operations followed by a

地形依据其基本网格而形成的三维空间形态。

theoretically ininite number of iterations.

The operation of carried out in two steps: a) the base-grid is formed, whereby the intricacy of the grid depends on the amount / repetition of folding. b) the formed grid is then folded to form a 3-dimensional structure. A topographic gridlike form that varies in 3-dimensional intensity according to the density of the irst pattern created, the one of its base-grid.

29

grammar code and computation

FORMING THE GRID 格式的形成

Step 1 Fold paper x times vertically from one end to the other

Step 2 Fold paper x times horizontally from one end to the other

Step 3 Fold paper x times on diagonal 1 from one corner to the other

Step 4 Fold paper x times on diagonal 2 from one corner to the other

Diagram 1: The Diagram Above Shows the steps to form grids where

the (X times) = (1 times)

Step 5 from the grid arrow shapes are folded from A by 1 square module of the grid

Diagram 1: The Diagram Above Shows the steps to form grids where

Diagram 1 showing the grid with x = 1 图一显示格式x=1

30 30

2 By 1 Squa Module Fo The Grids.

topological operations

FOLDING FROM THE GRID 依据格式折叠

x = 1

(X Times) = (1 Times)

x = 2

(X Times) = (2 Times)

x = 3

(X Times) = (3 Times)

x = 4

(X (X Times) = (4 Times) Times) = (4 Times)

31 31

grammar code and computation

32

topological operations

TWISTED GRID 绞格 Ariel Chee Ngai Jia Kang Balder Chan Chiew Teo Boon Leong Yuan Miao

The exploration of ‘Twisted Grid’ is based on the

绞格的勘探是依据不断转移T形连接点而形

shifting of a T-junction. Form evolves through

成。此结构是由反射线和回转组成的模块实

experimentation with modular relected lines and

验而成。以一组规则割出垂直及水平线然后将

rotation. Vertical and horizontal lines are cut and

它们分别折对向。依据这方法，最终可以折起

folded in and out based on a set rules. The inal

形成一个立体曲面。绞格是从反映格发展而

outcome is a topographic plane that can be folded

成。反映格依据媒介发展且以垂直线而决定切

and formed into a 3-dimensional curved space.

割法，因此反映格最终酱形成一个关闭式环。

‘Twisted Grid’ is a further development of ‘The

为让格式无限发展，模式的每一步的延展将捻

Relected Grid’. In ‘The Relected Grid’ the cut

五度。结果结构展现出弯曲和弹性高的形态。

pattern was based on perpendicular angles, which resulted in a closed loop arrangement. To improve connections and provide unlimited growth, the pattern was slightly twisted by 5 degrees with each step. The resulting form exhibits a curvy and adaptable topography, whereas ‘The Relected Grid’ was limited to straight edges and sharp corners.

33

grammar code and computation

1.

Draw a T with equal length A.

2.

绘制具有相同长度 A的T;

Repeat the Module and turn by 90° after length X.

重复模块和于长度X后再转 90 度角;

3.

In the next iteration reduce the angle by 5° with every repetition.

在下一次迭代中与每个重复减 少 5 度角;

75°

°

80

°

110°

105

°

10 0°

95

°

85

115°

5.

Connect the end of each ‘T’ section linear. 将每个 ”T”的线性切面连接;

6.

Cut V-shapes along the red thick line.

沿着红色粗线切割 V 形状;

7.

Fold downwards along the dotted line.

沿虚线的向下折;

重复及反射的运用让模式可无限展延 34

topological operations

4.

Once lines reach their maximum angle (in this case after iteration 9) turn into the other direction to start a new generation. The 5° rule applies.

一旦线路达到他们最大的角度 (在本例中后迭代 9次) 转成了另一个方向以开始新的一回, 5 度角的 规则适用;

8.

Fold upwards along the dotted line. 沿虚线的向上折;

9. Twist and slot edge A into gap B and edge C into D. 扭曲和把边缘 A插入 缺口B 和边缘C插入缺口D。

C D

B

A

The adaption process REPEAT AND RELECT enables the pattern to grow infinitely.

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topoigical operations

GRIDS + INCISION 网格与切口 Daniel Tiong Wei Wen Jezreel Kang Chun Wei Lim Henn Sang Lin Miao Zhi Tan Jun Jie

‘Grid + Incision’ is based on regular but diagonal

网格与切口最初是依据对角渔网的格式形成。

ishnet-like grid. In the irst step manipulation of

第一步的操纵是随意改变元件大小和边缘斜

the 2-dimensional plane is carried out through

率。角度及曲线格式都是探索目标之一。切口

random changes within cell size and curvature

则在格线接口处介入，经过在切口处摺叠而形

of edges. Angular and curved grids are explored.

成夹在切口与摺叠之间的空间。与其依靠不规

Subsequently incisions are added between

则发展，这项目着重于透视观点及现实点。因

intersection points of grid lines. Through the

此切口的介入点将从格线的交接点变成局部

operation of folding forms at the incisions, little

改变的公式。新的形态将展现一个较为动感

tucked in spaces appear.

以及有规格式的内夹或外夹的空间。最终结

Instead of relying on a factor of randomness

构提供了灵活及无限变化的地势，且只要经

size and direction of the grid follows the idea

过简单的操纵消失点就可以提供无限的迭代。

of perspective and vanishing point. Hence, incisions are made between the points formed by the intersecting lines of the morphed grid are now based on a progressive formulae. The new topography exhibits a dynamic and rule-based formation of tucked-in and tucked-out spaces.

The inal structure ofers a lexible and ininite terrain, which through simple location changes of the vanishing point ofers an ininite amount of iterations.

37

topological operations

Step 1 setting a constant condition 2 intersecting axis 步骤 1: 设置一个2 相交轴的固定条件 Step 2 manipulating the plane by adding insertions 步骤 2: 通过增加插入点去增加平面

Step 3 manipulating the condition by adding points of origin parameters: uniform, constant, exponential, width variances 步骤 3: 通过增加点的起源参数操纵条件: 统 一、 固定、 指数型、 宽度差异

Step 4 manipulating the condition by morphing the plane perspectively 步骤 4: 通过透视变形的平面操作条件

Step 5 manipulated the plane by adding insertions according to morphed grid 步骤 5: 通过仿型网格以增加插入点从 而操纵平面 39

MODULAR OPERATIONS

TRI-MODULE C++ POSITIVE + NEGATIVE DYNAMIC FLOW SIMPLIFIED PLATONIC SOLIDS

件性操作 三重模数 C++ 正值与负值 动态流动 简化柏图拉式固体

41

modular operations

TRI-MODULE Balder Chan Chiew Chuen Teo Boon Leong

三重模数

The module is developed from eight equilateral triangles, due to their ability to form new angular curves as well as new shapes. In order to connect the triangles small slits are cut at the center of each edge. Slotting the triangles into each other results in a structural compact body where top and bottom ofer identical connection points for ininite growth in multiple directions. Tri-Module reminds at an elegantly crystal-like structure. 这个模块源自于八个等边三角形，基于等边三角 形的其中一个特征，他们能创造出不同的曲角 线，和新的形状。为了连接不同的等边三角形， 每个三角形边缘的中间将会被切出一个小缺口。 把每个三角形插连在一起后将形成一个顶部和底 部都有独特交界点，一个能够无线延长，且简洁 的架构。 ‘三-模块’始终是一个优雅的水晶状结构。

43

modular operations

C++ Albert Chua Kwee How Matthew Bryan Chong Philipp Edmund Lassmann Smantha Ting Ying-Hoang Wilson Leong Gin Sheng Yeow Lai Yee

C++ is a module-based form developed from the

‘C++’是从一个平滑空间的概念，开发出的一个模

concept of smooth lowing spaces. The form of

块。‘C++’的形态是由一系列的规则和折叠出

C++ results from a series of rules of and folding

来的结果，是一个拥有小曲率和短半径的空间架

operations to arrive at a spatial structure with

构。无限增长的想法反映在各个模块的连接方式

tight curvature and small radii. The idea of ininite

了，每个模块将能够插叠在一起。榫槽结合将用

growth is relected in the mode of connection:

来探索模块之间不同的关节位置所带来的影响。

the slotting together of modules in a tongue and

最后，‘C++’研究了模块尺寸的参数如何影响

grove fashion. In order to explore the efects of

整个架构。斐波纳契数列将被应用，每个模块将

the diferent joint positions between the modules

从该系列中的数量被放大和复制。‘C++’具有

connections are shifted. Finally C++ investigates

能力形成一个由模块组成的地形配置性景观。

of how the parameter of module size afects the all over structure. The Fibonacci series is applied to alter iterations step by step: each module is scaled up and multiplied based on the number order in the series. C++ has the capacity to act as a topographical conigurative landscape with modular spatial qualities.

45

46

modular operations

Tongue and Groove Connection 企口结合

1. 始于一张正方形的纸; 2. 于正方形边的七分之一位置画一条线; 3. 于已画在线把纸张对折; 4. 展开纸张以形成折痕; 5. 把纸张转90度并对折一半; 6. 把纸张底部接近折痕线位置固定; 7. 按外端折痕线.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8X A2

5X A3

Start with a square piece of paper.

Measure 1/7 of a square edge, draw a line.

Fold the paper at the drawn line.

Unfold the paper to form a crease.

Turn the paper 90 and fold paper into half.

Fix bottom end of paper near the crease line.

Push outer end to crease line.

1X A6 2X A5

3X A4

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grammar code and computation

48

modular operations

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE Emmelyn Chua Pei Min Huong Yeu Leung

正值与负值

Positive and negative is developed from the exploration of positive and negative spaces where folded modules from solids and voids through diferent connections between each module.

The inal outcome shows a modular system that could be attached diferently to form a variety of unique positive and negative spaces. The speciic folding operation creates a structure that owns the principle akin to shape memory, since it can be compressed and stretched. ‘正和负’是发展自正和负空间的探索，从固体 和空隙，通过每个模块之间

不同的连接折叠方

式。最后的结果显示，一个模块系统是能够通过 不同的连接方式来形成多种独特的正和负空间。 特定的折叠操作创造出一个拥有类似于塑造 记忆原理的架构，因为它可以被压缩和拉伸

49

grammar code code and and computation computation grammar

50

modular operations

DYNAMIC FLOW

动态流动 Arista Lai Pui Yin Teoh Been Leong

Dynamic Flow is inspired by Japanese Origami

‘动态流量’启发自日本折纸和简约风格。探索

and minimalist form. The investigation follows

方向是从折叠平面成为一个模式来一方面表达动

the idea of folding a plane into a module that

态流动模组，另一方面平稳的连接各个模组。从

expresses a dynamic low pattern on one hand

一张长方形纸开始，对折四个对角线将把平面转

and communicates calmness on the other.

变成为一个能表达动态的模组。当改变长方形纸

Starting with a rectangular sheet of paper four

的大小，‘动态流量’将有能力从一个小规模的

diagonal folds transform the lat plane into a

空间转变成为一个开放的空间，且不会失去它内

module that expresses dynamic movement.

部的和谐几何形态。

When changing the size of the original plane Dynamic Flow has the capacity to transform from a small scale intimate space to an open area without loosing its internal harmonious geometry.

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grammar code and computation

52

modular operations

60 0

1. Fold an A4 size paper diagonally from

60 0

the top right to the bottom left 1. 把一张A4纸从右上向左下斜折。

60 0

2. Fold the same sheet of paper from top

60 0

left to bottom right 2. 在同一张纸，再从左上向右下斜折。

3.

Fold 90 to the left so the sheet of

20 0 35 0

paper becomes a trapezium 3. 向左折90， 这是将形成梯形。

35 0

4. From the bottom righ trapezium fold a triangle so that it folds up 4. 从梯形的右下角折一个三角形， 让它折叠起来。

20 0 60

0

5. Open the folds and transform the structure into a modular entity 5. 打开折叠，把这个结构变换成为一个模组。

60 0

20 0

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grammar code and computation

54

modular operations

SIMPLIFIED PLATONIC SOLIDS

简化柏图拉式固体 Emmelyn Chua Pei Min Huang Yeu Leung Lim Jia Pey Matthew Bryan Chong Ray Tan Liek Yinn

The

peojct

‘Simpliied

Platonic

Solids’

is

developed from the ‘Dynamic Flow’ concept. In this development, the dynamic low concept is fused with the concept of ‘Tri-Module’. The irst basic fold used in dynamic low is simpliied to a triangular plane where the connections between each module are clear and simple. Learning from the geometry of platonic solids the modules can be conigured as topographical landscape on one hand and as architectural body on the other. The module is able to act as a skin, form an enclosure and grow in multiple directions. Design decisions aiming at optimizing ‘Tri-Module’ and ‘Dynamic Flow’ by using their strongest properties and principles hence give birth to a minimal and stalwart structure. 简化柏图拉式固体源自动态流动的概念发展。 在这方面的发展，动态流动的概念稠合带三角 模块的概念。在动态的流动中使用的第一基 本折叠简化为三角形平面，其中每个模块之间 的连接是简单明了的。从几何柏拉图固体的模 块可以一方面并作为对其他建筑体被配置为横 向地形学。该模块是能够作为一个皮肤，形 成一个外壳和延多个方向发展。宗旨在于优 化三模块以及动态流动，通过其强大的性能和 原理的设计决策以得出最小和坚定的结构。

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grammar code and computation

56

OPERATION 01 ATTRACTOR VS REACTION

操作06

Size of and location of objects change in response to location of repellant.

吸引子 VS 反应 大小和物体的位置变化响应防护剂的位置。

digital operations

DIGITAL OPERATIONS

FOLDING BENDING ATTRACTING SUBDIVIDING

Albert Chua Kwee How Balder Chan Chiew Chuen Matthew Bryan Chong Ray Tan Liek Yinn

数码操作 折叠 弯曲 吸引 剖分

57

grammar code and computation

DIGITAL OPERATIONS

数码操作

“Architects – students and practitioners – are

“建筑师‐学生和从业人员‐是对触觉有要求的

tactile people. All of their schooling is a mixture

人。他们所有的学术都混合了探索的问题

of exploring for problems as well as solutions.

，以及解决方案。他们的研究和实践是都被设置

Their studies and practice are set in a domain

成一块预先体验物理现象的区域，每 一种情况都

of pre-experiencing physical phenomena, where

是非常不同的（几乎从头开始）。这是一个少数

each situation is considered very diferently

真正需要应付环境景况的 职业 – 那就是，什么东

(almost from scratch) from every other. It is one

西对人来说是重要的。

of the few professions that seriously deals with

context – that is, what things mean to people.”

尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝，电脑辅助设计及建

Nicholas Negroponte, Computer Aids to Design

筑，1975年。

and Architecture, 1975.

Digital Operations describe one category of tool

自20世纪60年代, 数字化操作描述一类的工具集提

sets available to architects, designers and urban

供给建筑师，设计师和城市规划师。自从数字操

planners since the 1960s. Since then the role of

作中的作用已推行，计算机辅助设计的全称，终

digital operations has been pushed in a direction

于可以得其为缩写CAD。 现今出现的问题包括“

that the abbreviation CAD inally may deserve its

当我们处理的计算机辅助设计，与当计算机生成

full title of Computer Aided Design. The questions

的设计，或者是 两个即将走向设计过程时，是否

arising today include ‘When are we dealing with

考虑到生活原则，认知和学习的合并？于工作坊

Computer Aided Design and when with Computer

的一 连串数字操作，与建立和使用通信数字化的

Generated Design, or are the two about to

主要区别和优势工具结合，而不是与模拟

merge towards a design process taking into

抗。在第一个学生试验的实例，实验以基本规则

account principles of life, cognition and learning?’

作为吸引，排斥，缩放和折叠作 为离散的功能和 组合。

The strand ‘Digital Operations’ within the workshop engaged with establishing and communicating the main diferences and advantages of using digital tools as opposed to analogue ones. In the irst instance students tested basic rules as attracting, repelling, scaling and folding as discrete functions and in combination. All tasks were tested in a populated ield or in a populated surface. The contemporary globally existing debate on how useful, especially algorithms occurring in multiagent systems are is relevant especially in the context of architectural education. Architecture has always existed in a variety of scales (urban, local, material) inluenced by a large number of parameters. An overwhelming ofer of algorithms (evolutionary, genetic or functional discrete), that 58

的对

digital operations

OPERATION 02 ATTRACTORS VS OPENINGS Openings fold and stretch in response to intensity of an external attractor.

操作01 吸引子 VS 开孔 开口折叠和伸展在响应于一个外部吸引 的强度。

OPERATION 03 REPELLANT VS OPENING Gradually Reacting skin in response to attractor movement. 操作02 防护剂 VS 开幕 逐渐起反应皮肤响应于吸引子的运动

are too dificult to understand and too easy to use,

所有的任务均在人口领域，或在人口表面进行测

paired with a seductive, corrupting aesthetic gives

试。当代全球现有的辩论关于如何有

rise to a critical review. It ofers the opportunity of

在于算法的多代理系统，特别是在建筑教育的背

relection on all the goods available on the market

景。建筑领域一直存在于各 种由大尺度参数的影

place of architectural tools and instruments and

响（城市，当地，材料）。在一个压倒性的报价

invites to sorting out, iltering and categorising.

算法（进化，遗 传性或功能性分离），实在太难

Main categories we may establish are a) Digital

理解和太容易使用了，在搭配一个养眼，破坏美

Modeling and b) Generative Modeling, the irst

学的 情况下产生了一个严格的审查。它提供了可

one activating manual labour and clear instruction

反映市场上所有可用的建筑工具和仪器，

within a 3-dimensional virtual space of a digital

请了商品整理，筛选和分类的机会。我们可以建

machine, the latter activating dynamic behavior

立的主要类别是a）数字建模和 b）生成建模，第

akin to living systems, highly dependent on

一个可以激活数字机的3维虚拟空间内的的人工

time. Again questions are a) when to use which

劳动和清除指令，后 者可以激活动态行为类似于

category or is there an option to switch and

生命系统，而且其高度依赖于时间。再次的问题

merge the two, and b) if one may be more useful

是：a）当 要使用哪一个类别，或者是有一个能够

for research and performance optimisation and

将两个切换并合并的选项，以及b）如果一个可 以

the other more useful for surface coniguration?

是更有用于研究与性能优化，和其他的于表面结

Most likely a matter of scale and purpose.

构上更加有用？想必是规模和用途 上的事。

用，尤其

并邀

59

grammar code and computation

During stage 02 of the 5-day workshop the

在02阶段, 数据操作团体与那些不确定性结合了。

Digital Operations Group engaged with those

场地试验的选址是以混合使用类型的 建筑，和不

uncertainties. Testing ground was a chosen site

同规模的建筑类型与密度作为基础。实验场地的

with mixed use, difering building typologies in

理解取决了设计决策过程 的前提和最终的决定。

various scales and densities. Prerequisite for the

其主要的目标是保持现有的地形高度和密度，并

design decision process and inally decisions to

建立各个功能 之间的网络以横跨整个实验场地。

be made was a comprehending of the site. The

未来的目标是创建开放和封闭空间，就如

desired primary goal was to keep the existing

在它 们之间和b）的磁链建立,

topography in terms of height and density and

过整个区域。即便于在还没有脚本的计划下

to establish a network between the individual

，相关的参数，如人口，教育，经济实力，基础

functions across the whole site. A further goal

设施，数据流量的定量测定数据，文 化，人类宗

was to create open and closed spaces alike

教的状况的定性，不能直接考虑测量的数据。

a ）

以让自然通风横

to a) establish a lux between them and b) arrange for natural ventilation across the area.

Relevant parameters such as demography, education, economic strength, infrastructure, data trafic as quantitatively measurable data and culture, religion the human condition as qualitative not directly measurable data were taken into account, even if not scripted yet.

Diagram showing topological configuration on site 图中显示了在现场拓扑配置

60

digital operations

OPERATION 04 REPELLANT VS SCALE Size of boxes changes in response to verticality of repellant. 操作03 防护剂 VS SCALE 盒子的大小响应于驱避的垂直变化

OPERATION 05 ROTATION + FOLD VS PATTTERN Relocation and unfolding of pattern into multiple configurations. 操作04 旋转+折叠 VS 模式 搬迁和展开模式到多种配置。

OPERATION 06 REPELLANT VS PATTERN Pattern changes gradually in response to location of repellant. 操作05 防护剂 VS 模式 图案逐渐改变响应于驱避的位置。 61

62

APPLICATIONAL OPERATIONS

PROTOTYPE

PETALING JAYA ARCHITECTURE

应用程式操作 八打灵再也 原型式建筑结构

63

grammar code and computation

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grammar code and computation

65

grammar code and computation

APPLICATIONAL OPERATIONS

应用程式操作

Architectural proposals generally draw their

relates programmatically to places beyond the

systemics from representations in form of

site boundary. Further it has an urban attractor

diagrams, model, the written word, drawings or

point for all describes the so-called ‘DigiMall’,

renderings. Transplanting those into the ‘real’

visited by people from the outside on a regular

context bears the large risk of having ‘iltered out’

basis. Having visited and analysed the site the

too many parameters, or having missed certain

urban proposal engaged with the new sky-road

aspects of the site. Every architect is aware of the

and suggested the inhabitation and integration

fact that he or she is in a way an observer who

into the site. Objecting an insurmountable large

observes and analyses a site or area in order to

physical structure, the site proposal inverted the

ind a decision-making process that suits the site

boundary into an inhabited link where users and

as a geometrical body as well as a social construct

transients is embedded within an evolution of

best. The crux however is buried under the surface,

urban architecture.

in very many cases in form of diferent goals that are followed by the stakeholders of the site.

APPLICATIONAL OPERATIONS in context of

一系列的设计图解，模型，文字， 组织， 描绘和

the workshop Grammar Code and Computation

三维表现在重组下促成这些建筑方案

– Topology Frequencies aimed at establishing

将这建筑方案移植带真实的环境并加以考量，去

general key-points to be understood, considered

除一些限定或约束。 设计师通过环境观察与分析

and developed further when designing in and

来作为理性设计决定什么合理几何体型和社会建

for an urban environment in times of rapid

设。 设计核心往往隐藏在表面， 这须靠当地相关

change and heterogeneous ways of living.

者微设计中心。 “运用式操作”作为“编码文法 与计算数值”了解了设计要点并设计发展以符合

The following aspects were regarded as crucial:

迅速变化的 身活形态

1. Infrastructure internally regarding width and

kind of roads, commercial, domestic,

以下为重要观点：

educational use of buildings 2. Infrastructure externally regarding the role of

3.

1. 内部基础设施如马路的宽度，商业性，居住

the site as part of the area’s infrastructure on

性，教育性的建筑

a whole and its future potential

2. 外部基础设计注重扮演着局部和未来的潜在力

Cultural diversity regarding the relevance of

3. 多样化的文化通过分离以及地区性文化 和空间

providing discrete and cultura-speciic

与空间之间的相互作用。

places on one hand and spaces for

4. 未来穿越边界的发展以及交换

interaction on the other 4.

Interaction across the site boundaries to allow for expansion and exchange

此场地作为研究因为长期被视为长期无法任何改 进， 位置于众多文化与信仰的中心， 靠近高速公 路(KIDEX) 以及边界相关计划。 除此之外，附近

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The chosen site was exemplary for the research.

的电子城“Digi mall”是长期人流集合点。 通过考

It hardly changed for several decades, is home

察与分析此地点，这个城市设计报告将缝合栖息

to a multitude of cultures and religions, located

身态新建 天上公路（Sky‐ road）。 这个不可逾

adjacent to a larger road, that was planned to

越的具体构造，此设计建议通过相连作用，将人

be extended by a fast sky-road (KIDEX) and

们的生活生态融入城市的 演变与进化。

applicarional operations

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grammar code and computation

THE SITE PETALING JAYA

八打灵再也

Ian Ng

Petaling Jaya (PJ) was the irst new town in Malaysia, constructed in the 1950s as part of a colonial governmental initiative to ease population congestion in cities which, in this case, was the national capital itself – Kuala Lumpur. Located just 11 km outside and south-west of Kuala Lumpur, it was known as a satellite town, a vocabulary emanating from E. Howard’s Garden City in Briton in the late 19th Century. Petaling Jaya as a whole was divided into administrative parcels of various acreages for manageable development. Section 1 (also known as PJ Old Town) for example, comprised 118 acres and commenced construction in 1953, the year of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. This was quickly followed by Section 52 (PJ New Town) before the close of the 50s which also witnessed Malaya’s independence from the British in 1957.

The 1960s saw the development of sections around PJ Old Town and PJ New Town. Each section typically was planned with a commercial centre of streets with shophouses or shop ofices, open spaces, light industrial buildings and residential units ranging from the ubiquitous

Diagram showing site next to KIDEX highway at junction 13/14 图中显示场地位于KIDEX高速公路交界处13/14

single and double storey “linkhouse” to high rise apartments in later years. The number of streets to the centre ranged from 4 to 8 (Section 17) or more.

By 2011 there were a total of 65 administrative sections to Petaling Jaya, and the largest section was Section 6 in PJU5, also known as Kota

– as the site for its design engagement. For

Damansara, consisting of a little over 3,990 acres.

practical purposes the workshop site focused on

With such rapid expansion, in tandem with the

the modest commercial centre of Section 14 and

growth of Malaysia toward a targeted “developed

its immediate neighborhood, juxtaposed against

nation” status in 2020, it was no surprise that an

KIDEX.

elevated highway, KIDEX, cutting through the

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heart of Petaling Jaya in an approximately north-

(Quantitative data in this part, Petaling Jaya, came

south direction, was approved in principle in 2011

from the paper by Ju, Zaki & Choi, Contextual

and a concession agreement signed in 2013.

Modernization; New Town Planning in Petaling

It was with this controversial issue of town

Jaya, of Malaysia, JAABE vol. 10 no.1, May 2011.)

planning and urbanism in mind that the Grammar

(Update: On 16 February 2015, the KIDEX

Code and Computation workshop chose Section

Skyway project was oficially scrapped by the

14 in PJ New Town – through which KIDEX runs

State Government.)

grammar code and computation

69

DEVELOPMENT PETALNG JAYA

POPULATION 人口

2020

EVENT 2013, Eco-Corridor Plan that links Session 14, Session 52 and Session 10 to be completed by 2015. Tree lined paved walkways. Covered path to promote walking bicycle links

638,516

2010

2013年，生态走廊计划链接第14区，第 52区和第10区，并将于2015年完成。绿 树成荫的铺成人行道。覆盖的路径促进 行走自行车的链接路段。

2006, Petaling Jaya granted it’s city status and changes it’s name to Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya MBPJ

432,000

2000

351,000

1990

207,800

1980

2006年，八打灵再被升格为市，并改 变其名字为八打灵再也市政厅（Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya，缩写：MBPJ）

1977, Petaling Jaya Town Authority upgraded to Petaling Jaya Municipal Council/MPPJ Extended area of 19.9km2 1977年，八打灵再也镇管理局升格为八 打灵再也市议会/ MPPJ扩展19.9平方公里 的区域

1970

16,600

1960

1957, 1st phase opening of the Federal Highway, over 3200 houses, 100 shops and 28 factories 1957年，第一期的联邦公路开幕，超过 3200的房子，100间商店和28间工厂

1954, Petaling Jaya Town administered by the Kuala Lumpur District Oficer and Petaling Jaya Town Authority 1950 70

DEVELOPMENT MALAYSIA

2020

10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) 2011-2015

第十个马来西亚计划 (10MP) 20112015

Vision 2020 To establish a united Malaysian nation made up of one Bangsa Malaysia (Malaysian Race) that is liberal, democratic and tolerant; where there there is a fair and equitable distribution of the wealth of the nation.

2020年宏愿 以建立由一个马来西亚民族组成的联合 （马来西亚族群），它是自由的，民主 的，宽容的团结马来西亚的国家;是公平 合理地国家财富分配

10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) 2011-2015 3rd Outline Perspectives Plan (OPP 3) 2001-2010

第十个马来西亚计划 (10MP) 2011-2015 第三宏观计划 (OPP 3) 2001-2010 2000

1997, Asian inancial crisis ends - economic growth

2nd Outline Perspectives Plan (OPP 2) 19912000 (OPP 3) 2001-2010

1997年，亚洲金融危机结束 - 经济增长

第二宏观计划 (OPP 2) 1991-2000 (OPP 3) 2001-2010 1990

Local Communists sign peace accord with government 当地的共产党与政府签订和平协议

1st Outline Perspectives Plan (OPP 1) 1971-1990

第一宏观计划(OPP 1) 1971-1990 1980

1981, Mahathier Mohamad becomes prime minister 1981年，东姑阿都拉曼成为首相

2nd Malaysia Plan 1971-1975

第二个马来西亚计划 1971-1975 1st Malaysia Plan 1966-1970

1970

National front coalition formed May 13, 1969 racial riots 国民阵线联盟于1969年引发513种族骚乱事件

第一个马来西亚计划 1966-1970

1960

1957, Federation of Malaya becomes Independent End of British Rule ove Mlaya.

Tunku Abduk Rahman becomes 1st prime minister 1957年，马来亚联合邦独立 1950 71

grammar code and computation

Figure ground plan of site and neighboring area across Jalan Semanagat, where KIDEX was supposed to run 现场和整个Semanagat路段周边区域平面 图，其中KIDEX将运行

commercial shophouse terrace housing religious green areas low rise bungalows light industrial

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Jalan Semangat

stream

Jalan Dato Abdul Aziz

Jalan Dato Jamil Rais 15

applicational operations

Cross sections showing existing right-angled and proposed slanted topography 横截面显示现有的和拟议地形 75

76

77

78

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grammar code and computation

原型式建筑结构

PROTOTYPE ARCHITECTURE

CUTTING

修剪

FOLDING

相折

ADDING

添加

GROWING

成长

EVOLVING

演变

Jezreel Kang Chun Wei, Lim Miao Zhi, Ngai Jia Kang, Tan Jun Jie ... and more

Architectural products are prototypes. Each building is unique. In most cases architectural interventions, manifestations and manifestos, structures and ideas show such characteristics.

The design of row houses, modular structures or

这个设计结果将会是个原型建筑。每个独特的部

other repetitive enclosures production processes,

件都由建筑性的介入，宣言，构造以 及主意。 设

human and machinic resources shifts and evolves

计概念是从当地相连的组屋，规模性的构造 以及

from one to another. Context, users and perception

其他重复的关闭式生产过程，人以 及机械资源转

change with each product. Architectural products

移和演变成另个形态。 背景，使用者和观点都有

need

稍微变化。这个建筑结果需要连接现有的基础设

to

plug

into

existing

infrastructural

grids of power, water, trafic and culture.

施如电源， 水源，交通以及文化。

Industrial products on the other hand are rather

另一方面的工业产品是相当离散的。材料，零

discrete. Material, components, assembly, time

件，组装，时间和货币的框架是 依照工业过程而

and monetary frameworks are set in industrial

设置。 测试原型的结果有更多的限制的定义，并

processes. Goals for testing prototypes in

且多少回影响建筑。 它们是较小，比如从杯子到

industrial processes have far more restricted

汽车，并且针对密封的环境中的批量生产。 大多

deinitions and are much less forgiving than in

数工业工件具有短的寿命时间相比，体系结构，

architecture. They are smaller, ranging from cups

因此可以具有更小的影响

to cars, and aimed at mass production in a sealed

，因为它们的大小和使用的方式。

environment. Most industrial artifacts have a

80

short life-time in comparison to architecture and

做为一个完整的工业产品的原型比起建筑的原型

hence may have a smaller impact, due to their

有更好地控制。建筑师的作品可比喻为创建大型

size and way of usage. Prototypes for a complete

物体并且留在每个人的环境。 由于建筑产品的原

industrial product are better to control than

型不能已工业产品的原型类似的方式进行测试，

prototypes for buildings. Architects create large

比较于工业 产品 建筑是相当脆弱和容易引入误

physical objects that remain within everybody’s

差。 然而，这是机会去扭曲和调整的原型，并用

environment for decades. Since prototypes

它作为模型来触发的设计决策，而 不是完全遵循

for architectural products cannot be tested

目标用数字驱动。 目标仍然需要精确的被定义。

in a similar way than prototypes for industrial

其中一个原因是，限定所述原型只有根据目标材

products, architecture is rather fragile and prone

料和生产过程来决定。 设计原型的外观模块需要

to error when comparing it to industrial products.

的表面特性有关的天气，光，自清洁性能或以及

applicational operations

81

This however is the chance and the opportunity

装配 重量和成本的测量。 工具来创建原型可从不

to twist and tweak a prototype and use it as

同的3D印刷和激光切割机器来制作。 设计原型需

model to trigger design decisions rather than

要巨大的纪律性，精确度和项目管理。 另一方面

exclusively following a goal driven by numbers.

的一个概念的原型如下有关的质量，这是几乎无

The goal still need to be deined as precise as

法测量数值的目标。

possible. One of the reasons is that only when

deining the goal material and production process

在Grammar Code and Computation - Topology

of the prototype can be decided upon. Designing

Frequency 建筑原型中的设计和测 试目标从拓扑

a prototype for a façade module requires

和模块化操作，以及在前面的数字操作定义的原

measuring of surface characteristics in relation to

理到最终形式。 关于返场的概念和对象 设计团队

weather, light, self-cleaning performance or well

决定编织成相互生长出对方的结构。

as itness of assembly weight and costs. Tools to create an array of prototypes may vary from

八面体作为柏拉图固体之一，提供了一个折叠式

3D-printing vie laser-cutting to robotic fabrication.

的模式有八个等边三角形和足

Designing the prototype requires enormous

性。 它是一个立方体，并在这个意义上的模块化

discipline, precision and project-management.

和可扩展性的关系和双重多面体。 改变每个三角

A prototype of a concept on the other hand follows

形的大小，相应地插入和开辟了一个语法正确的

goals relating to quality, cultural context and

空间地形的迭代

invisible codes, hardly measurable numerically.

，图案和重复一个相似的几何形状的模块化组

够高的折叠灵活

件。 在结构上均匀的图案被读作拓扑景观不同的 prototype

复杂性，并仍然提供了空间的传统 功能。 该结构

designed and tested during ‘Grammar Code and

通过建立开放式，封闭式和桥接新项目的空间插

Computation - Topology Frequency’ drew its inal

入并出现扩展这些功能

form from Topological and Modular Operations,

。

as well as the principles deined in the previous

其结构主要由居住着等边三角形，平面和倾斜的

Digital Operations. Relating back to the notion of

平面。 视空间的要求它具有寄生或离散生长的能

ield and object the design team decided upon a

力。所产生的原型将保持这种开放的 阅读器。

The

goal

for

the

architectural

structure where both are woven into each other and grow out of each other. The octahedron as

one of the Platonic Solids ofered a folding pattern with eight equilateral triangles and suficiently high folding lexibility. It is the dual polyhedron of a cube and in that sense modular and relational scalable. Changing the size of each triangle accordingly and inserting modular components of a similar geometry opened up a syntactically correct spatial topography of iterations, pattern and repetition. Architecturally the homogeneous pattern is read as a topological landscape difering in intricacy and still ofers spaces for traditional functions. The structure extends those functions by creating open, closed and bridging spaces for new programs to insert and to arise. The structure essentially consists of a plane populated by equilateral triangles, planar and inclining.

Depending on spatial requirements it has the ability to grow parasitically or discrete. The prototype produced will keep this open to the reader.

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PARTICIPANTS DESIGN TEAMS LECTURERS GUESTS ACKMOWLEDGEMENT

设计组 讲师 致谢/谢礼

89

90

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grammar code and computation

Why so serious?

92

Rigid rules, unexpected outcome.

A photocell turning into space.

Transforming the simplest form to a complex system is just a slde away.

Uglitecture

An Architectural Chemistry.

Evolution of Architecture.

“Even a room which is dark needs at least a crack of light to know how dark it is.” Louis Kahn

Great overall experience in terms of architecture knowledge.

Function follows form.

Hmm...

He pulled the mirrors of his cadillac, cause he doesn’t like it looking like he looks back.

Been a fantastic week with GCC workshop.

Amazing =)

Inspired design for people.

Architecture mutation.

Nothing than architecture.

This is not my thing but learning somesthing new is always a plus.

The same is lame.

It’s confusing.

Super Architecture.

Architecture gymnastics.

Awesome =3

grammar code and computation participants

DESIGN TEAMS

Albert Chua Kwee How

设计组

Arista Lai Pui Yin

Ariel Chee Yin Yon Balder Chan Chiew Chuen Daniel Tiong Wie Wen Emmelyn Chua Pei Min Huong Yeu Leong Jezreel Kang Chun Wei Lim Jia Pey Lim Miao Zhi Matthew Bryan Chong Ngai Jia Kang Philip Edmund Lassmann Quek Yuan Miao Ray Tan Liek Yinn Sam Lim Henn Sang Samantha Ting Ying-Hoang Tan Jun Jie Teoh Boon Leong Timothy Wong

Tchin Ket

Wilson Leong Gin Sheng Yeow Lai Yee

Special thanks to Jezreel Kang Chun Wei for

great

photo

documentation

and Philip Edmund Lassmann for a wonderful video capture Yeow Lai Yee for the first draft of this book.

TAYLOR’S VIDEO June Teh Beng Brand Manager, Taylor’s University

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EH3-hC6eOf8&feature=youtu.be&fs=1 93

grammar code and computation

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participants

讲师

LECTURERS LISS C. WERNER workshop leader

丽丝。C.维纳 工作坊主管, 编辑

WERNER is a licensed architect based in

维纳是”系统建筑”工作室 - Tactile Architecture

Berlin, founder of Tactile Architecture – ofice

始创人和柏林注册建筑师, 她曾于2012年在泰莱大

für Systemarchitektur, Adj. Assoc. Professor at

学担任副教授以及于获得卡内基梅来大学(CMU)

Taylor’s University and George N. Pauly Fellow

的奖学金,

2012, CMU. In 2010 she founded her Design

创立Codes in the Clouds工作室, 其作品亦曾在同

Studio Codes in the Clouds at DIA, which was

济大学和2012年威尼斯建筑展展出, 维纳于英国、

exhibited at Tongji University and Venice Biennale

俄罗斯、德国工作, 亦于MIT, CalArts, USC, TTU,

2012. Werner practiced in the UK, Russia,

The Bartlett, TU Berlin, Syracuse, Nottingham,

Germany, lectured internationally at MIT, CalArts,

Linz 和 ESARQ Barcelona任教, 她的研究针对有关

USC, TTU, The Bartlett, TU Berlin, Syracuse,

cybernetics + architecture, 主要建基于计算数值建

Nottingham, Linz and ESARQ Barcelona. Her

筑作为相关的重点研究范畴, 维纳主持了多项有关

research focuses on cybernetics + architecture,

计算数值建筑与生态学的国际性会议, 她亦是[En]

the discourse of computational architecture as

Coding Architecture - the book and Architectural

a relational focused discipline. Werner chaired

Ecologies (2015)的编辑, 于2015 年任科学委员会

several international conferences on Computation,

eCAADe‐米兰和美国Cybernetics学会的委员, 她

Architecture and Ecology, is the editor of [En]

曾于Bartlett, University of Westminster, RMIT 和

Coding Architecture - the book and Architectural

Humboldt University Berlin (Dr. phil.) 接受教育。

她于2010年在德绍国际建筑学院(DIA)

Ecologies (2015), part of the Scientiic Committee eCAADe 2015, Milan and the American Society of Cybernetics. She was educated at the Bartlett, University of Westminster, RMIT and Humboldt University Berlin (Dr. phil.).

IAN NG,

IAN NG

chief facilitator

首席协调员 然后在马来西亚Arkitek

Ian studied architecture in the UK before practicing

IAN曾在英国就读建筑,

as Arkitek Inasreka in Malaysia, specializing

Inasreka工作, 擅长住宅和教堂设计, 他在马来西

in houses and churches. He wrote his master’s

亚大学写撰写的硕士论文是有关马来西亚的优质

thesis at the University of Malaya on architectural

得奖建筑, 他曾于2011年带同家人前往新西兰以奥

excellence

winning

克兰大学副教授身份监督建筑论文以及于奥克兰

buildings. He went to New Zealand in 2011 to

大学和Unitec理工学院教授设计, 他于2014年转往

enjoy his family while supervising architectural

泰莱大学教授建筑硕士课程及跟太太和女儿居住

theses as an associate professor at the University

于莎阿南。

and

Malaysian

award

of Auckland and tutoring design at both UoA and Unitec. Relocating in 2014 he currently directs the master’s programme at Taylor’s University and lives in Shah Alam with his wife and daughter.

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participants

GUESTS

GUESTS

TONY LIEW VOON FUN

TONY LIEW VOON FUN

Dean

一位深信终生变革学习的威力的马来西亚建筑教

A leading igure in architectural education in

育领导者

院长

Malaysia who believes strongly in the power of life-long transformative learning.

DR. VERONICA NG FOONG PENG

VERONICA NG FOONG PENG 博士

Deputy Dean, Senior Lecturer

一位以维护小区为本工作室的热忱老师,

A passionate teacher of genius loci and

究“地方感觉“的研究员及建筑作者

一位研

community-based studio, a researcher of Sense of Place, and an architectural writer.

DR.SUCHARITA SRIRANGAM

SUCHARITA SRIRANGAM 博士

Senior Lecturer in Architecture

高级建筑系讲师

A motivated and inspiring explorer and a

一位积极及富启发性的探险家和一位在城市文化

dedicated

地理学专业研究员

researcher

on

urban

cultural

geography.

DR. FRANCIS LIN CHIA-HUI

FRANCIS LIN CHIA-HUI 博士

Lecturer

讲师

A researcher in critical discourses on the

一位于城市及建筑专业与实践中的理论与历史范

practice and profession of Architecture and

畴上的批判论述研究员

Urbanism within the context of History and Theory.

AR. ZAHARI BIN ZUBIR

AR. ZAHARI BIN ZUBIR

Senior Lecturer

高级讲师

a meticulous architect with a keen interest in

一位对建筑专业实践十分感兴趣的精细建筑师

the professional practice of architecture.

ANGUS LEE CHING HUA Lecturer

and

Stream

coordinator

ANGUS LEE CHING HUA for

傳意及專業學系的學科統籌員和講師

Communication and Professional Studies.

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Architecture has become the manifestation of network activity, virtual and physical. The enormous amount of taxonomical differentiation suggests urban and architectural solutions according to simple topological rules to arrive at an architectural organism. Grammar Code and Computation presents a glimpse into those very rules and their immanent relationship to form.

LCW

建筑已成为网络活动,虚拟和实在的表现, 大量分类 学分化的建议城市和建筑的解决方案能根据简单的 地志学规则去达至建筑组织, 编码文法与计算数值 提供了一个窥探到那些非常规则及其内在与形体的 关系。丽丝.C.维纳