#12 In My Computer
FDIC Insured Michael Mandiberg
Michael Mandiberg FDIC Insured Publisher: LINK Editions, Brescia 2016 www.linkartcenter.eu Produced in the frame of Masters&Servers
In collaboration with: Abandon Normal Devices, Liverpool
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Produced with funding and support from Eyebeam, and the College of Staten Island/CUNY. Production assistance for FDIC Insured book, web archive, and installation from Jenna Cozzolino, Patrick Davison, Katya Grokhovsky, Anna Harsanyi, Clara Jo, Kubo, Ben Lerchin, Qimei Luo, Chigozie Okoye, Arsen Perisic, Taehee Whang and Christopher Willauer This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Printed and distributed by: Lulu.com www.lulu.com ISBN 978-1-326-65189-3
Michael Mandiberg is an interdisciplinary artist whose work traces the lines of political and symbolic power online, working on the Internet in order to comment on and or intercede in the real and poetic flows of information. He sold all of his possessions online on Shop Mandiberg, made perfect copies of copies on AfterSherrieLevine. com, created Firefox plugins that highlight the real environmental costs of a global economy on TheRealCosts.com, and transformed all of Wikipedia into books for Print Wikipedia. He is co-author of Digital Foundations and Collaborative Futures, as well as the editor of The Social Media Reader. He founded the New York Arts Practicum, and co-founded the Art+Feminism Wikipedia Editathon. A recipient of residencies and commissions from Eyebeam, Rhizome.org, The Banff Centre, and Turbulence.org, his work has been exhibited at the New Museum, Ars Electronica, ZKM, and Transmediale. His work has been written about widely, including Artforum, Art in America, ARTnews, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. A former Senior Fellow at Eyebeam, he is currently Associate Professor at the College of Staten Island/CUNY and a member of the Doctoral Faculty at the CUNY Graduate Center. He lives in, and rides his bicycle around, Brooklyn. His work lives at http://mandiberg.com/
Editor’s Note In 1933, in response to the thousands of bank failures that occurred in the 1920s and early 1930s, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was founded as an independent agency of the federal government of the United States. The FDIC “preserves and promotes public confidence in the U.S. financial system by insuring deposits in banks and thrift institutions for at least $250,000; by identifying, monitoring and addressing risks to the deposit insurance funds; and by limiting the effect on the economy and the financial system when a bank or thrift institution fails.� [1] A result of the Great Depression, the FDIC served as a fundamental yet primarily invisible helping hand during the Great Recession, the period of general economic decline experienced by the world markets in the late 2000s, and caused by the financial crisis and the subprime mortgage crisis started at the end of 2007. The first major bank to go bankrupt was, in July 2008, the Southern California-based IndyMac Bank. In the following months, 24 more banks became insolvent and were taken over by the FDIC by the end of 2008. According to the FDIC statistics, 140 institutions failed during 2009; 157 during 2010; 92 during 2011; 51 during 2012; 24 during 2013; 18 during 2014 and 8 during 2015 - a number within the average in times of stable economy. [2] As of March 2013, the FDIC had to pay out $92.5 billion to cover losses on bad loans at 471 failed financial institutions. [3] Starting in 2008, Brooklyn-based artist Michael Mandiberg has been following this ongoing process, monitoring the weekly updates to the FDIC Failed Bank List, [4] and saving on his hard drive the logos of 500+ banks that have been seized by the FDIC. This information is, of course, transparent, but in a slightly opaque way. The FDIC publishes statistics and, digging through reports, press releases, economic v
news and Wikipedia entries, one could probably recover it someway. And yet, availability of information does not necessarily mean transparency. As Mandiberg noticed, the process of taking over a bank takes place silently, quickly, over a weekend, and ends up in the almost complete disappearance of its corporate image. But if a tree falls in a forest and no one is around to hear it, does it make a sound? The process goes like this: “At the end of business on Friday the team from the FDIC descends on the failed bank. The team performs a massive autopsy of the bank. On the one hand, the FDIC team ensure continuity by accounting for all funds and moving all accounts so that the bank can open on Monday morning. On the other hand, this team cuts all links to the past, removing all visual traces of the old failed bank. When the bank opens on Monday, it opens under the name of a formal rival bank, with this new bank’s signage, and its logo.� [5] FDIC Insured is a project consisting of an installation, an online archive, and a book. The installation, first presented in 2010, features cast-off investment guidebooks, the logos of the failed banks burned with a laser cutter into their covers. The online archive and the book make all the logos available. The overall project is a monumental attempt to collect, preserve, restore and display the corporate visual identity of these ephemeral, volatile subjects, and to build a memorial to this history of failure, and its consequences: hundreds of failed institutions, huge amounts of lost money, and thousands of people without a job. As such, FDIC Insured is, at first, an effort to bring to full visibility what is hidden: an attempt to visualize the Great Recession, to make this story not just visible, but also tangible and palpable. 527 is just a number, but an installation of 527 books, or a book with 527 pages, is something we can measure, and that gives the feeling of what
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went lost. This effort to visualize becomes more meaningful, and more ethically valuable, if we consider that what was concealed, along this “transparent” process, was exactly the visual representation of the disappeared subjects, what makes them immediately recognizable: their logo. When a bank fails, Mandiberg notes, its “website is taken down, and replaced with a standardized page announcing the FDIC transfer; this page has only the isolated logo of the old failed bank and the logo of the new receiving bank. The longest this page stays up for 6 to 9 months before the domain registration runs out and a cyber-squatter squats the URL, but typically they are gone in a month. In fact, it is common to see the receiving bank insert meddling/malicious javascript into the site that automatically sends you to the new receiving bank’s website, circumventing the FDIC notice page, and further erasing the old logo. These logos disappear from our memory, they disappear from the clutter of the visual landscape, they are erased from the Internet and its many archives.” [6] Bank logos disappear not just in order to make the transition seamless and the intervention of the state less visible, but also because, according to Mandiberg, as trans-cultural markers of omnipresent and omnipotent trust and stability, they can’t be, by any means, associated with failure. Their failure would mean the failure of the liberal capitalistic system they visualize and embody. They have to be hidden, as well as, for the very same reasons, the activity of the FDIC should be as invisible as possible. In the free market ideology, the state should leave the market free to regulate itself, such that any state intervention is perceived as an attempt to control and set a limit to freedom. In this perspective, an institution that was founded to save the financial system when it is collapsing onto itself is seen as a necessary evil, that should be preserved, but kept unseen. By putting the FDIC under a spotlight, and saving and restoring these icons of failure, FDIC Insured questions late capitalism and offers a small act of resistance
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against its ability to resurrect from its own ashes. Finally, the carefulness and craft with which Mandiberg redrew and restored the bank logos, from the original low res jpgs, gifs and pngs to print ready vector graphics, comments on the impermanence of the digital, and on the need to focus on its preservation and materialization, in whatever form. The history of the present is stored in bits, and may easily be lost. _ Domenico Quaranta Brescia, May 2016
Notes [1] Cf. “Who is the FDIC?”, https://www.fdic.gov/about/learn/symbol/. [2] Cf. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/statistical/stats/2015dec/fdic.pdf. [3] Cf. E. Scott Reckard, “In major policy shift, scores of FDIC settlements go unannounced”, in Los Angeles Times, March 11, 2013, online at http://articles.latimes. com/2013/mar/11/business/la-fi-fdic-settlements-20130311. [4] Cf. https://www.fdic.gov/bank/individual/failed/banklist.html. [5] Michael Mandiberg, “Artist statement”, unpublished. [6] Ibidem.
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February 2, 2007
1
September 28, 2007
2
Miami Valley Bank
October 4, 2007
3
January 25, 2008
4
March 7, 2008
5
March 16, 2008
6
May 9, 2008
7
May 30, 2008
8
July 11, 2008
9
1 st
HERITAGE BANK
July 25, 2008
10
July 25, 2008
11
August 1, 2008
12
August 22, 2008
13
INTEGRITY BANK August 29, 2008
14
September 5, 2008
15
September 6, 2008
16
September 6, 2008
17
September 14, 2008
18
September 15, 2008
19
September 16, 2008
20
it’s all about relationships
September 19, 2008
21
September 25, 2008
22
October 10, 2008
23
October 10, 2008
24
October 24, 2008
25
October 31, 2008
November 7, 2008
26-27
SECURITY PACIFIC BANK November 7, 2008
Community Bank November 21, 2008
28-29
November 21, 2008
30
DOWNEY SAVINGS The Friendlier, Easier Place to Bank
November 21, 2008
31
December 5, 2008
32
December 12, 2008
33
HAVEN TRUSTBANK FLORIDA
December 12, 2008
34
January 16, 2009
35
BANK Clark County
January 16, 2009
36
January 23, 2009
37
January 30, 2009
38
SAVINGS BANK
January 30, 2009
39
January 30, 2009
40
February 6, 2009
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February 6, 2009
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of Oregon
February 13, 2009
44
February 13, 2009
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February 13, 2009
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February 13, 2009
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February 20, 2009
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SECURITY S AV I N G S
BA N K
February 27, 2009
49
February 27, 2009
50
March 6, 2009
51
March 20, 2009
52
March 20, 2009
53
March 20, 2009
54
Omni SM
March 27, 2009
55
NEW FRONTIER BANK
˝A NEW GENERATION OF BANKING˝
April 10, 2009
56
We Grow Together
April 10, 2009
57
Great Basin Bank of Nevada
April 17, 2009
58
April 17, 2009
59
F IRST BA N K of IDAHO
April 24, 2009
60
FIRST BANK OF BEVERLY HILLS
April 24, 2009
61
April 24, 2009
62
American Southern B A N K
April 24, 2009
63
May 1, 2009
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May 1, 2009
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SILVERTON BANK
May 1, 2009
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WESTSOUND BANK
May 8, 2009
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May 21, 2009
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May 21, 2009
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BANK OF LINCOLNWOOD
June 5, 2009
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June 19, 2009
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June 26, 2009
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June 26, 2009
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June 26, 2009
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CB
June 26, 2009
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B
July 2, 2009
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A
N
K
July 2, 2009
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July 2, 2009
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July 2, 2009
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July 2, 2009
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July 2, 2009
July 10, 2009
86-87
July 17, 2009
July 17, 2009
88-89
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July 24, 2009
92
July 24, 2009
93-97
First
BankAmericano
July 31, 2009
98
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99
July 31, 2009
100
July 31, 2009
101
First State Bank of Altus
July 31, 2009
102
August 7, 2009
103
1 August 7, 2009
104
August 7, 2009
105
COMMUNITY BANK O F
N E V A D A
August 14, 2009
106
COMMUNITY BANK O F
A R I Z O N A
August 14, 2009
107
August 14, 2009
108
August 14, 2009
109
August 14, 2009
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BANK
August 21, 2009
111
August 21, 2009
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August 21, 2009
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August 21, 2009
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August 28, 2009
115
August 28, 2009
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Mainstreet Bank
August 28, 2009
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September 4, 2009
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First Bank September 4, 2009
119
It’s that simple.
September 4, 2009
120
September 4, 2009
121
Pt
September 4, 2009
122
September 11, 2009
123
BANK
September 11, 2009
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September 11, 2009
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September 18, 2009
126-128
September 25, 2009
129
October 2, 2009
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October 2, 2009
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WARREN BANK
October 2, 2009
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October 16, 2009
133
October 23, 2009
134
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October 23, 2009
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October 23, 2009
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October 23, 2009
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October 23, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
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October 30, 2009
148
October 30, 2009
149
HOME FEDERAL SAVINGS BANK November 6, 2009
OF S T
.
L OUI S
November 6, 2009
150-151
November 6, 2009
November 6, 2009
152-153
November 6, 2009
154
November 13, 2009
155
November 13, 2009
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November 13, 2009
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November 20, 2009
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December 4, 2009
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December 4, 2009
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December 4, 2009
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December 11, 2009
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December 11, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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December 18, 2009
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coMME R cIA L
BAN K
December 18, 2009
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January 8, 2010
175
January 15, 2010
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January 15, 2010
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January 15, 2010
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January 22, 2010
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January 22, 2010
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January 22, 2010
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January 22, 2010
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January 29, 2010
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January 29, 2010
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January 29, 2010
January 29, 2010
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January 29, 2010
January 29, 2010
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February 5, 2010
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February 19, 2010
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February 19, 2010
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February 19, 2010
193
February 19, 2010
194
February 26, 2010
195
February 26, 2010
196
March 5, 2010
197
March 5, 2010
198
March 5, 2010
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SUN AMER ICAN BANK
March 5, 2010
200
March 11, 2010
201
March 12, 2010
202
March 12, 2010
203
March 12, 2010
204
March 19, 2010
205
March 19, 2010
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March 19, 2010
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March 19, 2010
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March 19, 2010
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March 26, 2010
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March 26, 2010
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March 26, 2010
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March 26, 2010
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April 9, 2010
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April 16, 2010
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April 16, 2010
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April 16, 2010
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April 16, 2010
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April 16, 2010
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April 16, 2010
April 23, 2010
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April 23, 2010
April 23, 2010
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April 23, 2010
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April 23, 2010
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April 30, 2010
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April 30, 2010
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April 30, 2010
April 30, 2010
236-237
April 30, 2010
May 7, 2010
238-239
May 7, 2010
240
May 7, 2010
241
May 7, 2010
242
THE BANK WHERE YOU BELONG
May 14, 2010
243
May 14, 2010
244
May 14, 2010
245
May 14, 2010
246
May 21, 2010
247
May 28, 2010
248-250
May 28, 2010
251
May 28, 2010
252
June 4, 2010
253
First National Bank
June 4, 2010
254
June 4, 2010
255
WASHINGTON FIRST INTERNATIONAL BANK
June 11, 2010
256
June 18, 2010
257
First National Bank June 25, 2010
258
HIGH DESERT STATE BANK
June 25, 2010
259
PENINSULA BANK
June 25, 2010
July 9, 2010
260-261
Home National Bank July 9, 2010
Ideal F ede ral S avin g s Ba n ks
July 9, 2010
262-263
July 9, 2010
264
METROBANK
July 16, 2010
265
July 16, 2010
266
July 16, 2010
267
TURNBERRY BANK
July 16, 2010
268
FIRST NATIONAL速 BANK OF THE SOUTH
July 16, 2010
269
OODLANDS BANK
July 16, 2010
270
July 23, 2010
271
July 23, 2010
272
B A N K
July 23, 2010
273
July 23, 2010
274
Thunder Bank
July 23, 2010
275
W D W T B T L B We J ust Want T o B e Your B ank.
July 23, 2010
276
Sterling BA N K
July 23, 2010
277
TM
LibertyBank
July 30, 2010
278
July 30, 2010
279
BAYSIDE SAV INGS BANK July 30, 2010
280
July 30, 2010
281
ORTHWEST
B A N K & T R U S T
July 30, 2010
282
August 6, 2010
283
Dedicated to Personal Service. . .
August 13, 2010
284
August 20, 2010
285
National Bank
August 20, 2010
286
SONOMA VALLEY BANK August 20, 2010
287
August 20, 2010
Let’s change the world. August 20, 2010
288-289
Savings & Loan Association August 20, 2010
August 20, 2010
290-291
August 20, 2010
292
B
A
N
K
September 10, 2010
293
SAVINGS BANK September 17, 2010
September 17, 2010
288-289
InterSTATE NET BANK September 17, 2010
Bank Ellijay
Bank Canton
A divisions of Bank of Ellijay
September 17, 2010
290-291
September 17, 2010
298
ST COMMUNITY BANK
September 17, 2010
299
county
bank
September 24, 2010
300
Florida
September 24, 2010
301
October 1, 2010
302
Shoreline BANK
October 1, 2010
303
October 15, 2010
304
Security Savings Bank Soli dGround
October 15, 2010
305
Member of FCIC
October 15, 2010
306
FIRST SUBURBAN NATIONAL BANK Est. 1943
October 22, 2010
307
A Federal Savings Bank
October 22, 2010
308
October 22, 2010
309
October 22, 2010
310
THE “TOMORROW BANKING TODAY”
October 22, 2010
311
October 22, 2010
312
October 22, 2010
313
first vietnamese american bank
November 5, 2010
314
Pierce Commercial
November 5, 2010
315
The art of business banking.
November 5, 2010
316
K BANK
November 5, 2010
317
COPPER BANK
November 12, 2010
318
November 12, 2010
319
BANKING November 12, 2010
320
November 19, 2010
321
November 19, 2010
322
Gulf State
November 19, 2010
323
December 10, 2010
324
BANK
December 10, 2010
325
B A N K
December 17, 2010
326
BANK
December 17, 2010
327
COMMUNITY NATIONAL BANK
December 17, 2010
328
December 17, 2010
329
December 17, 2010
330
THE BANK OF MIAMI
TM
December 17, 2010
331
Legacy B A N K
The Private Bank January 7, 2011
332
January 7, 2011
333
January 14, 2011
334
January 21, 2011
335
January 21, 2011
336
January 21, 2011
337
UNITED ESTERN BANK R
January 21, 2011
338
1
January 28, 2011
339
FDIC
January 28, 2011
340
January 28, 2011
341
Financial Solutions
January 28, 2011
342
February 4, 2011
343
Amer can
TM
February 4, 2011
Community First BANK CHICAGO
February 4, 2011
344-345
February 11, 2011
BADGER STATE BANK February 11, 2011
346-347
February 11, 2011
348
February 11, 2011
349
a B
Of Effingham
February 18, 2011
350
February 18, 2011
351
Member FDIC February 18, 2011
February 18, 2011
352-353
February 25, 2011
March 11, 2011
354-355
FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF DAVIS
March 11, 2011
356
March 25, 2011
357
April 8, 2011
358
April 8, 2011
359
April 15, 2011
360
April 15, 2011
361
Rosemount
National Bank
April 15, 2011
362
April 15, 2011
363
BANK
April 15, 2011
364
e Hor ons Ban k April 15, 2011
365
April 29, 2011
366
COMMUNITY BANK
April 29, 2011
367
April 29, 2011
368
BANK OF CENTRAL FLORIDA
April 29, 2011
369
April 29, 2011
370
Coastal Bank
May 6, 2011
371
May 20, 2011
372
May 20, 2011
373
May 20, 2011
374
First Heritage Bank
May 27, 2011
375
June 3, 2011
376
June 17, 2011
377
FCB
TAMPA BAY
June 17, 2011
378
June 24, 2011
379
ignature
July 8, 2011
380
C OLORADO CAPITAL BANK
July 8, 2011
381
July 8, 2011
382
July 15, 2011
383
July 15, 2011
384
July 15, 2011
385
July 15, 2011
386
BANK
July 22, 2011
387
July 22, 2011
THE C HO I CE YOU CAN BA N K O N. July 22, 2011
388-389
July 29, 2011
July 29, 2011
390-391
July 29, 2011
392
August 5, 2011
393
August 5, 2011
394
August 12, 2011
395
August 18, 2011
396
BANK & TRUST
August 19, 2011
397
FIRST SOUTHERN
ITC Fenice LT Regular font
August 19, 2011
Your Choice. The Choice.
First Choice Bank August 19, 2011
398-399
September 2, 2011
September 2, 2011
400-401
September 9, 2011
402
ANK O F N O RT H E R N C A L I F O R N I A
September 23, 2011
403
September 23, 2011
September 30, 2011
404-405
Clearly Different October 7, 2011
SUN SECURITY BANK October 7, 2011
406-407
October 14, 2011
408
October 14, 2011
409
Blue Ridge Savings Bank
October 14, 2011
410
COMM UNITY BANK
October 14, 2011
411
CommunityCapital BANK
October 21, 2011
412
COMMUNITY BANKS OF COLORADO
October 21, 2011
413
B
October 21, 2011
414
A
N
K
BANK ”We Know You”
October 21, 2011
415
ALL BANK
October 28, 2011
416
November 4, 2011
417
MID CITY BANK November 4, 2011
418
CBR
COMMUNITY BANK OF ROCKMART November 10, 2011
419
POLK COUNTY
BANK November 18, 2011
420
November 18, 2011
421
WESTERN
NATIONAL BANK
December 16, 2011
422
PREMIER COMM UNITY
Bank of the Emerald Coast
December 16, 2011
423
Central Florida
State Bank
January 20, 2012
424
January 20, 2012
425
The First State Bank
January 20, 2012
426
January 27, 2012
427
PATRIOT B ANK M I N NESOTA
January 27, 2012
428
TENNESSEE
Commerce Bank January 27, 2012
429
FirstGuarant Bank
January 27, 2012
430
Shelby County Bank
February 10, 2012
431
NAT I O N A L BA N K A N
D
February 10, 2012
432
H ome S avi ngs. o f
A m e r i c a
February 24, 2012
433
C
B
E N TR A L
OF G E O RGIA
February 24, 2012
434
A NK
March 2, 2012
435
C w it y e N
B ank
March 9, 2012
436
COVENANT bank & trust
March 23, 2012
437
PREMIER BANK
March 23, 2012
438
March 30, 2012
439
April 20, 2012
440
PD
Palm Desert National Bank
April 27, 2012
441
April 27, 2012
442
April 27, 2012
443
April 27, 2012
444
April 27, 2012
445
May 4, 2012
446
AL A B A M A TR U S T BA N K
May 18, 2012
447
WACCAMAW BANK
June 8, 2012
448
& state bank
farm ers
traders
June 8, 2012
449
S
A V I N G S
June 8, 2012
450
B A N K
FIRST CAPITAL BANK
June 8, 2012
451
June 15, 2012
PUTNAM STATE BANK Your True Community Bank
June 15, 2012
452-453
Security Exchange Bank June 15, 2012
MONTGOMERY
Bank & Trust
July 6, 2012
454-455
G
SB
Gl a s gow SavingsBank
July 13, 2012
456
July 20, 2012
457
July 20, 2012
458
July 20, 2012
459
July 20, 2012
460
July 20, 2012
461
July 27, 2012
462
August 3, 2012
463
FIRST COMMERCIAL BANK
September 7, 2012
464
September 14, 2012
465
First United Bank
September 28, 2012
466
GULFSOUTH Private Bank
October 19, 2012
467
EXCEL BANK
October 19, 2012
468
1
st
EAST SIDE SAVINGS BANK
October 19, 2012
469
October 26, 2012
470
November 2, 2012
471
HeritageBank Of Florida
November 2, 2012
472
HOMETOWN COMMUNITY BANK November 16, 2012
473
December 14, 2012
474
January 11, 2013
475
St
Regents Bank January 18, 2013
476
February 15, 2013
477
March 8, 2013
478
Gold Canyon Bank
˝We Can Make a Difference˝
April 5, 2013
479
April 19, 2013
480
April 19, 2013
481
April 19, 2013
482
Our Community IS Our Business
April 26, 2013
483
April 26, 2013
484
May 10, 2013
485
May 10, 2013
486
May 14, 2013
487
May 31, 2013
488
June 6, 2013
489
June 7, 2013
490
August 2, 2013
491
August 9, 2013
492
OF
August 23, 2013
493
A Better Way To Bank
August 23, 2013
494
September 13, 2013
495
TCB
www.TCBnow.com
September 13, 2013
496
October 30, 2013
497
December 13, 2013
498
January 17, 2014
499
January 24, 2014
500
January 31, 2014
501
February 28, 2014
502
a new perspective
February 28, 2014
503
April 25, 2014
504
May 16, 2014
505
May 23, 2014
506
May 30, 2014
507
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
June 20, 2014
508
PALM DESERT, CALIFORNIA
June 20, 2014
509
June 27, 2014
510
July 18, 2014
511
July 25, 2014
512
October 17, 2014
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The
National Republic Bank of Chicago
October 24, 2014
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November 7, 2014
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December 19, 2014
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January 16, 2015
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January 23, 2015
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February 13, 2015
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February 27, 2015
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May 8, 2015
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October 2, 2015
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October 2, 2015
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March 11, 2016
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21# retupmoC yM nI
derusnI CIDF grebidnaM leahciM
ISBN 978-1-326-49923-5
90000
9 781326 499235