To download the complete and accurate content document, go to: https://testbankbell.com/download/nesters-microbiology-a-human-perspective-8th-edit ion-solutions-anderson/
Changesinthegeneticmakeupofbacteriacanoccureitherbymutationorbyhorizontal genetransfer. MutationsarechangesinthesequenceofnucleotidesintheDNA. This chapterdiscussesthedifferenttypesofmutations,mutagenicagents,repairmechanisms fordamagedDNA,consequencesofmutations,andhowscientistscanusetechniquesto selectmutantsforstudy. Next,the3naturalmechanismsofhorizontalgenetransferare discussed:(1)DNA-mediatedtransformation,(2)transductionand(3)conjugation. The natureofplasmidsandtransposonsaredescribedandtheirrolesingenetransferare presented.
Thecasepresentationdescribesawomanwithahistoryofbacterialinfections,and discusseshowhorizontalgenetransfercouldleadtoantibiotic-resistantbacterial infections.
Thesearetakenfromthelearningoutcomeheadingsofeachchaptersection–instructors mayfinditusefultouseand/ormodifythesetoprovidestudentswithaframeworkfor makingastudyguide.
Afterstudyingthematerialinthischapter,youshouldbeableto:
1.Distinguishbetweengenotypeandphenotype.
2.Distinguishbetweenmutationandhorizontalgenetransfer.
3.Describethreeoutcomesofbasesubstitutions.
4.Describetheconsequencesofremovingoraddingnucleotides.
5.Explainhowtransposonscausemutations.
6.Describethethreegeneralgroupsofchemicalmutagens.
7.Explainwhytransposonsinducemutations.
8.ExplainhowXraysandUVlightdamageDNA.
9.ExplainhownucleotideincorporationerrorsbyDNApolymerasecanberepaired,and theroleofmethylationintheprocess.
10.Explainhowmodifiednucleobasescanberepaired.
11.Describethreemechanismscellsusetorepairthyminedimers.
12.Compareandcontrastdirectandindirectselection.
13.Describehowdirectselectionisusedtoscreenforpossiblecarcinogens.
14.DescribetheprocessofDNA-mediatedtransformation,includingtheroleofcompetent cells.
15.Describegeneralizedtransduction.
16.CompareandcontrastconjugationinvolvinganF1donor,anHfrstrain,andanF9 donor.
17.Describehowplasmidsdifferfrombacterialchromosomes.
18.Compareandcontrasttransposonsandgenomicislands.