2018 ISSUE 1 | The Grazing Gazette

2018 Issue I IN THIS ISSUE: Anaplasmosis Management in KY

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The Agent’s Corner

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Featured Program

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FARMERS MARKET

Upcoming Programs 6&7

An Agricultural Newsletter A new year, provides opportunity for reflection. Reflecting on our successes, our challenges, and our failures, allows us to set new goals and work towards continuous improvements. 2017 brought in many new faces and familiar faces too. We’ve traveled together, dined together, and worked together to strengthen our agricultural community.

2018 is sure to be even better. I am grateful for our new office expansion and busy planning new educational opportunities, workshops, and programs to help you on your farming venture. Be sure to stop by and see me this year for a tour of our new meeting space.

Like us on Facebook to stay up to date with new program offerings in our events section and share your ideas for programming, field days, and workshops. We love hearing from you!!! https://www.facebook.com/pencoagext/

Happy Planning!

Sincerely,

Lindie Huffman Extension Agent for Agriculture and Natural Resources Education Pendleton County Cooperative Extension Service

The Grazing Gazette

by Michelle Arnold, DVM, UK Extension Anaplasmosis is an unusual disease that is diagnosed in late summer and fall in Kentucky. The organism Anaplasma marginale lives in red blood cells and is considered “rickettsia-like” which means it depends on ticks for its survival. It is the only major tick-borne disease in the US that Anaplasmosis is a disease impacts cattle production. It is transmitted through blood. Primarily estimated to cost $400 per case through biting insects, which are due to lowered weaning weights, most active in the summer months. reproductive loss, lowered milk production, additional testing to Photo Credit: Lindie Huffman, export cattle, death loss, Pendleton ANR Extension Agent prevention and treatment costs. It is always found in the southern, southeastern and northwestern US where ticks survive year round but, Interested in learning more? due to interstate movement of Stay tuned to the Grazing cattle, the disease has now been reported in all 48 contiguous Gazette as educational programming is in development. states.

Transmission is by transfer of infected red blood cells from AGE RELATED SYMPTOMS infected to susceptible cattle. Ticks (Dermacentor spp.) · < 6 months old: are “biological vectors” and are of Usually no symptoms great importance because A. · 6 months—3 years old: marginale replicates within the tick increasingly ill and can be maintained there for up to a year. Deer are not currently · 3 years old and older: 30-50% death rate if untreat- believed to be carriers of the

disease but they may enhance tick populations. A. marginale can also be spread mechanically by any transfer of blood including insects and by veterinary instruments.

Typically biting insects (mosquitoes, horse flies, stable flies) will cause a few sporadic cases to occur at first then a wave of sick animals 3-6 weeks later while spread via blood contaminated objects (such as needles or palpation sleeves) can cause a large number of cows to show signs 3-6 weeks after vaccinating or pregnancy checking. Recently intrauterine transmission (from cow to calf during pregnancy) was recognized in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters that can lead to fetal death and abortion. More importantly, calves born alive that were infected in utero are “persistently infected” and never develop clinical signs yet serve as a source of infection for the herd.

There are generally four phases of disease: Incubation-This is defined as the time from exposure to the time (Continued on page 4)

· PENDLETON COUNTY EXTENSION SERVICE ·

C A I P U P DAT E

2018 Issue I

CAIP Producers approved for the 2017-2018 funding cycle must have all receipts, educational component, and program requirements completed and submitted to the Pendleton County Extension Office by Friday, August 10, 2018.

Please contact Lindie Huffman, Pendleton County. Extension Agent for Agriculture, if you have questions about educational opportunities or need technical assistance for your farm enterprise.

We are excited to be expanding our office to offer more programming. Expected completion March 2018.

of the · AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES ·

The Grazing Gazette (Continued from page 2)

that Anaplasma bodies are detected in blood and may vary from 3-6 weeks (or longer). The organism slowly reproduces in the bloodstream during which time the animal remains healthy. When approximately 1% of the RBCs are infected, there is rapid disease progression as the immune system tries to destroy the parasite and destroys red blood cells simultaneously. Outbreaks of Anaplasmosis in August, September, October, and November in Kentucky are actually associated with infection in June and July.

Developmental Stage-This is the stage when characteristic clinical signs appear lasting 4-9 days. These include: 1. Fever- Initial sign. (104-107 degrees) 2. “Sudden death” in a highly susceptible or immune compromised animal such as a high producing dairy cow.

3. Aggressive behavior due to lack of oxygen in brain 4. Anemia-Pale around eyes, muzzle, teats 5. Increased heart and respiratory rate due to watery/thin blood 6. Yellow mucous membranes.

7. Lethargy/Weakness/Lags behind herd (May fall and be unable to stand) 8. Off feed/Dehydration/Weight Loss 9. Constipation/No chewing of cud 10. Dramatic drop in milk production 11. Reproductive disorders: abortion in cow/ infertility in bull Clinical Case Treatment Treatment with tetracycline is essential in the clinical stage of disease as well as supportive therapy for the anemia. No injectable antibiotic is formally approved for treatment so any form is extra label and must be used under the direction of a licensed veterinarian.

Injectable tetracycline (Oxytetracycline at 5mg/lb. body weight IM or Long acting Oxytetracycline at 9

mg/lb BW IM) can be administered but prolonged milk and meat withholding times must be observed as directed by the prescribing veterinarian.

Exercise caution when forcing an infected animal to move or get excited as quick death may result from lack of oxygen.

Convalescent Stage-This phase lasts until normal blood values return and is characterized by an increase in RBC production. Recovery occurs over a 2 -3 month span and cows frequently lose weight and/ or abort calves during this time.

Carrier Stage-Animals that recover remain carriers for the rest of their lives unless cleared with long term antibiotics. No clinical signs are associated with this lifelong persistent infection so unidentified carriers are the most common source of infection for future outbreaks.

Diagnosis of clinical cases is based on history (including geographic region), clinical signs, blood test results and post mortem lesions. Blood (serum) testing is the method of choice to detect the organism in carrier animals or those with low parasite numbers (microscopically undetectable). The serum cELISA test is very reliable but it is not considered accurate during the initial 3-6 week incubation period. DNA analysis (real time PCR) gives extremely accurate results including in the first 3 weeks of infection but is relatively expensive. It is important to remember an animal may die from another totally unrelated disease (for example-milk fever) and also test positive to anaplasmosis due to the carrier state. Therefore a positive blood test result for anaplasmosis does not always mean it is the actual cause of disease or death.

Control Program Control in lactating cows is based on reducing vector transmission by using insecticide sprays, clean (disinfected) medical equipment, and using needles and palpation sleeves only once to decrease transmission between animals. However, once infected, strategies are based on the delicate balance between antibiotics, the cow’s immune response and the organism. Consult with your veterinarian for specific methods to treat and control this unique organism.

· PENDLETON COUNTY EXTENSION SERVICE ·

2018 Issue I

TUESDAY, MARCH 6TH 6:30 PM @ PC EXTENSION OFFICE Meet our members, learn how to join, and hear about how our market members support our local food economy. · AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES ·

The Grazing Gazette

Upcoming Agriculture Meetings CAIP DATE

MEETING

FEB 22

HERD BUILDERS: BEEF CATTLE NUTRITION PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

7 PM

Join UKY specialist Dr. Jeff Lehmkuhler as he discusses feeding strategies to help you grow your healthy herd. Participants will be entered in a drawing for free hay testing samples.

This program supported by the Pendleton County Beef Cattle Association.

FEB 27

PRIVATE USE PESTICIDE APPLICATOR CERTIFICATION BOONE CES | 6028 Camp Ernst Road | Burlington, KY | 859.586.6101

2 PM

Farmers who utilize restricted use pesticides must be certified through the Private Pest Applicator Program.

FEB 27

TOBACCO GAP MEETING PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395 ** Picture ID Required for Attendance Credit— new GAP Rule—no meal provided

7 PM

Good Ag Practices training is required by many tobacco companies, get your education hours and the latest about KY's tobacco market and crop production. For other dates of meetings in KY please refer to the following website: http:// www.gapconnections.com/Pages/Calendar.aspx

MAR 1

AG ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR FINANCE OPPORTUNITIES CAMPBELL EEC | 1261 Race Track Road | Alexandria, KY | 859.572.2600

6:30 PM

Hear from agriculture organizations about their services and opportunities for farm financial resources. Featured organizations include the GOAP, KCARD, and the FSA.

MAR 2

MISIDENTIFIED PESTS IN THE LANDSCAPE GRANT CES | 105 Baton Rouge Road | Williamstown, KY | 859.824.3355

2 PM

Pests in the landscape? We deal with it everyday. Did you know that many pesticides are often misused simply because the pest was not identified correctly? Beneficial insects also feel the wrath of our misuse. Let's learn about some of our Misidentified Pests in the Landscape

MAR 6

FARMERS MARKET KICK OFF PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

6:30 PM

Are you a produce grower, artisan, crafter that is interested in selling at the Pendleton County Farmers Market? Join us for the first meeting of the 2018 season to learn more about the opportunities that await you. This meeting will be required for all interested in attending as SR/WIC FMNP training will be conducted.

MAR 7

BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION CAMPBELL EEC | 1261 Race Track Road | Alexandria, KY | 859.572.2600

6:30 PM

Don’t WING it and let your flock run AFOWL!. Don’t be a rotten Egg, join us as we discuss housing, basic nutrition, and bird selection to help you on your liquid gold journey.

MAR 8

THE GARDENERS TOOLBOX LUNCH & LEARN: EASY SEED STARTING AT HOME PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

12 PM

Join us for our first lunch and learn gardeners series. BRING YOUR OWN LUNCH and build your garden skills with these hour long workshops.

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DON’T FORGET TO REGISTER FOR ANY/ALL MEETINGS BY CALLING The HOSTING Extension Office OR ONLINE Pendleton.ca.uky.edu

2018 Issue I

Upcoming Agriculture Meetings CAIP DATE

MEETING

MAR 15

DEVELOPING A REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE SMALL BEEF HERD CAMPBELL EEC | 1261 Race Track Road | Alexandria, KY | 859.572.2600

6:30 PM

Interested in a shorter calving season? Better lots of cattle for marketing? Saving your time and money? Consider joining us for a holistic approach to managing your small herds reproduction and efficiency.

MAR

A.I. SCHOOL PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY

14-16

Are you a cattle producer looking for alternative ways to increase your herd genetics? Consider attending the Pendleton County AI school. Participants will partake in classroom instruction and receive hands on training in the technique of artificial insemination. Training will be provided by certified AI technicians from Genetics Plus, LLC. SPACE IS EXTREMELY LIMITED. COST: $300 per participant (discounted rate) $100 non-refundable deposit due March 2 PLEASE CALL LINDIE HUFFMAN to register - 859.568.8295

3 PM-8 PM

MAR 16

PRUNING BLACKBERRIES AND RASPBERRIES KENTON CES | 10990 Marshall Road | Independence, KY | 859.356.3155

6 PM

What’s the best way to prune your blackberries or raspberries? This will be handson. Come dressed for weather (and the mud)!

MAR 21

BEEF QUALITY ASSURANCE TRAINING (BQA) PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

10 AM

Beef Quality Assurance is a national program that raises consumer confidence through offering proper management techniques and a commitment to quality within every segment of the beef industry. **Required for some CAIP programs ** COST: $5 - certification good for three years

MAR 21

HERD BUILDERS: THE ABC’S OF USING EPD’S PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

11 AM

Expected progeny differences (EPDs) provide estimates of the genetic value of an animal as a parent. Specifically, differences in EPDs between two individuals of the same breed predict differences in performance between their future offspring when each is mated to animals of the same average genetic merit. This training will be a participant engaging workshop to teach basic EPD selection techniques. ** Required for some CAIP programs**

MAR 26

WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT ON THE FARM CAMPBELL EEC | 1261 Race Track Road | Alexandria, KY | 859.572.2600

6:30 PM

Oh DEER! Have the critters got you feeling the blues? Come on out and learn management strategies to help with wildlife and “stress” management.

APR 2

PRODUCEBESTPRACTICESTRAINING- (REPLACESVEGGIEGAP)*REQUIREDFORFMMEMBERS PENDLETON CES | 45 David Pribble Drive | Falmouth, KY | 859.654.3395

6:30 PM

PBPT directly replaces the GAP Training/Education program introduced in 2008 that more than 5,000 KY producers have completed. Renamed to help alleviate confusion between GAP Certificates and Third Party GAP Audits and Tobacco GAP. Revised to educate about FSMA requirements and the latest on produce safety. Is the new basic training requirement for All Samples certificate from KDA.

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FOLLOW OUR EVENTS PAGE ON FACEBOOK TO STAY UP TO DATE WITH PROGRAMS IN PENDLETON AND SURROUNDING COUNTIES

Pendleton County 45 David Pribble Drive Falmouth KY 41040

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Pendleton County Ag Newsletter

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