ﻛﺘﺎﺏ :ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ..ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﻬﺎ ..ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ :ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﻘﻲ ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ ،ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ ،ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪًﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ،ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ. ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ :ﻓﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻮﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ .ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻬﻢ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻳﺸﺒﻌﻬﻢ، ﻭﻻ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻻ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﻜﻨّﻬُﻢ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻭﻟﻦ ﻳﺸﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﺼﺎﺋﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﲢﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﻴﺰﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ، ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺗﻮﺍ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ،ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﻮﻱ ﺃﺑﺪًﺍ. ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻦ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺑﺪًﺍ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺼﺮَﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ،ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻼ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ َﺳ ﹸﻔﻠﹶﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ،ﻭﻳﺄﰉ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ - ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﶈﺎﻝ؛ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﹶﻛﻤُﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻗ ُ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ -ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ ،ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺢ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻐﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ. ﻭﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ -ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺩّﻳﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺍﻧﻐﻤﺎﺳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ - ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺍﱐ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ. ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ : ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ،ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﻰ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ. ) (١ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ " :ﻗﹶﻨﻊ ﻗﻨﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ :ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﲰﻴﺖ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺿﻴًﺎ". ) (٢ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ :ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ) ، (٣ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﺯﻫﺪ( ﺃﺻﻞ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ،ﻗﺎﻝ :ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﻴﺪ :ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ. ) (٤ﻋﺮﻑ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ -ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ -ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ" :ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ ،ﻭﻫﻮ ﻓﻀﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ -ﻋﺰﱠ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ." - ) (٥ﻭﳓﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ،ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺎﻝ" :ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ: ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ :ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ .ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ " :ﺃﺯﻫ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻠﹾﻐﺘﻪ".