القناعة ، مفهومها

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‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ‪ ..‬ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻌﻬﺎ ‪ ..‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻒ ‪ :‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻢ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﻟﻠﹼﻪ ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻟﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﻻ ﺷﺮﻳﻚ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺷﻬﺪ ﺃﻥ ﳏﻤﺪًﺍ ﻋﺒﺪﻩ ﻭﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺑﻪ ﻭﺃﺗﺒﺎﻋﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ :‬ﻓﻴﺰﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺨﻂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﲟﺎ ﺭﺯﻗﻮﺍ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻗﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﻴﻨﺌﺬ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺿﻴﻬﻢ ﻃﻌﺎﻡ ﻳﺸﺒﻌﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻻ ﻟﺒﺎﺱ ﻳﻮﺍﺭﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺐ ﲢﻤﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺴﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﻜﻨّﻬُﻢ؛ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺘﺎﺟﻮﻧﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﺒﻌﻬﻢ ﺷﻲﺀ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺃﺑﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﺑﺼﺎﺋﺮﻫﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﻓﻮﻗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﺒﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﲢﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻓﻴﺰﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﺃﻭﺗﻮﺍ ﻃﻠﺒﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﺎﺭﺏ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺗﻮﻱ ﺃﺑﺪًﺍ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻠﻦ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺑﺪًﺍ؛ ﻷﻥ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺼﺮَﺕ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻋﻼ ﺑﺄﻣﻮﺭ َﺳ ﹸﻔﻠﹶﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺄﰉ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﶈﺎﻝ؛ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺇﻥ ﹶﻛﻤُﻠﺖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻗ ُ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻷﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ؛ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻌﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺢ ﺍﳉﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻐﺒﻂ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﺐ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺩّﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻐﻤﺎﺳﻬﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺍﺕ ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺒﺒﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺫﻛﺮ ﻧﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺇﺧﻮﺍﱐ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮﻯ ﺗﻨﻔﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻣﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺘﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺍﺿﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (١‬ﻗﺎﻝ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ‪" :‬ﻗﹶﻨﻊ ﻗﻨﺎﻋ ﹰﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺭﺿﻲ ﻭﲰﻴﺖ ﻗﻨﺎﻋﺔ؛ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻘﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻪ ﺭﺍﺿﻴًﺎ"‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٢‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻓﻬﻮ‪ :‬ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ )‪ ، (٣‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﺓ )ﺯﻫﺪ( ﺃﺻﻞ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻫﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫)‪ (٤‬ﻋﺮﻑ ﺷﻴﺦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺗﻴﻤﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺭﲪﻪ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺎﻥ ﻬﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﹼﻪ ‪ -‬ﻋﺰﱠ ﻭﺟﻞﱠ ‪." -‬‬ ‫)‪ (٥‬ﻭﳓﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺻﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺭﺩﻱ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻝ‪" :‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺘﻨﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺼﺮﻑ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳌﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﻩ؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻟﻚ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ‪" :‬ﺃﺯﻫ ُﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﻠﹾﻐﺘﻪ"‪.‬‬


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القناعة ، مفهومها by Islamic Library - Issuu