DESIGNING AN ADJUSTABLE BUILDING SYSTEM OUT OF WOOD WITH THE FUTURE IN MIND
KTH MASTER THESIS PROJECT BY LIDIA PROYKINA STUDIO ARCHITECTURE & DAYLIGHT, 2023 THESIS ADVISORS PER FRANSSON & FREDRIK STENBERG AXONOMETIC OF COMPLETE BUILDING WITH ALL IT’S COMPONENTS
PROACTIVE ADAPTABILITY :
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Our urban environment is in constant flux, cities are ever changing ecosystems that expand, contract, evolve & adapt. However, the way that we have been building our environment has seldom reflected that on the building scale. New neighborhoods emerge, buildings are torn down and new ones replace them, but in the world that we live today where resources are become more scarce and global climate change is upon us, it is time to rethink how we design buildings today with the future in mind. My project’s goal is to design a wood construction system & building, with a focus on enabling mobility, adaptability, reuse, easy assemblage & disassemble, while fostering a sense of permanence so the user feels rooted at home.
While concrete has allowed us to push the limits of what we can build, I believe that wood construction R & D has gotten far enough to have similar qualities, but store carbon at the same time as being a renewable resource if managed & used responsibly. In my project, I used the method of prefabricating & separating each system on its own layer to allow for longevity, easy replacement & flexibility.
As with every building, it always begins with the foundation, during my thesis process I discovered a Swedish company producing CLT foundations, that come into prefabricated modules and allow for mobility. In my building I have paired those with prefabricated concrete piles & beams to allow for the movability of the foundation to a new site.
The apartments are situated in the middle of the building, with common area circulation on one side and balconies on the other, and the building has a double-layered shell. My main structural system is consisted of CLT columns & beams to allow for a flexible and free floor plan, as well as a load bearing CLT wall elevator and staircase core, and a load bearing CLT wall in the middle of the building to brace the lightweight structure. Then we have a secondary non-load bearing system with prefabricated CLT walls enveloping the apartments & separating them. And lastly, we have a non-load bearing exterior facade out of prefabricated CLT walls attached to the structural skeleton. Because I am using wood, it was important to prolong the life cycle of each element, therefore all connections are metal to metal, rather than screw to the wood connections. What that means is that all connectors are screwed in each element once, and every time they assembled/ disassembled it is the metal-to-metal connection, rather than unscrewing each individual element. Lastly all metal connectors are concealed to allow for fire resistance. I collaborated with companies such as Rothoblaas & Klara Byggsystem as I tried to design my project as close to reality as possible to have real life implications on the future of building.
To test my hypothesis, I chose the site of Frihamnen, a formerly industrial area, that is currently developed into a residential one, because of it’s potential to drastically change in the next 30 years along it’s users needs. I designed my building & system with the idea of it being assembled fairly quickly, adapted and once it inevitably becomes obsolete it can be taken down, reconfigured & moved to begin it’s new life.
FRIHAMNEN PORT SITE PLAN
SCALE 1:10000
REFERENCES & RESEARCH
TRÄLOFTET
SHEARING LAYERS OF CHANGE (1994) STEWART BRAND STORA ENSO CLT, GLT & LVL / SVENSK TRÄ RESOURCES N
BY SPRIDD
INITIAL FLOOR PLAN DEVELOPEMNT
Corner Apartment Type 1 Corner Apartment Type 2 Middle Apartment Type 3 Middle Apartment Type 4 Middle Apartment Type 5 Middle Apartment Type 6 Combination 6 Combination 1 Floor Plan DD - 4th Floor Residential
CORNER APARTMENT TYPE 1 CORNER APARTMENT TYPE 2 MIDDLE APARTMENT TYPE 3 MIDDLE APARTMENT TYPE 4 MIDDLE APARTMENT TYPE 5 MIDDLE APARTMENT TYPE 6 LAYOUT COMBINATION 6 LAYOUT COMBINATION 1 4TH FLOOR PLAN DD
Back Elevation Longitudinal Section BB A B C D E F G H I A B C D E F G H Front Elevation Transverse Section CC FACADE & MASSING DESIGN DEVELOPMENT BACK ELEVATION FRONT ELEVATION TRANSVERSE SECTION CC LONGITUDINAL SECTION BB
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
CLT EXTERIOR LOAD BEARING WALLS
CLT Exterior Load-bearing Walls
ELEVATOR & STAIRCASE CORE
CLT Walls Elevator & Staircase Core
CLT STAIRCASE
CLT Staircases
LVL RIB FLOOR PREFAB MODULES
LVL Rib Floor Prefab Modules
CLT COLUMNS & BEAMS SYSTEM
CLT Column & Beam Structure
CLT BEAMS
CLT Beams
CLT COLUMNS
CLT Columns
CONCRETE FOUNDATION
Concrete Foundation
FACADE
SCALE 1:125
STREETVIEW
ELEVATION
COURTYARD FACADE ELEVATION SCALE 1:125
SIDE FACADE ELEVATION SCALE 1:125
SECTION BB SCALE 1:125
A B A B SECTION AA SCALE 1:125
M.E.P. DIAGRAM SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE SCALE 1:125
A A B B GROUND FLOOR PLAN AA SCALE 1:125
TYPICAL FLOOR PLAN BB SCALE 1:125
APARTMENT SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
FOUNDATION AT CONCRETE PILES DETAIL
Prefabricated Concrete & Klara byggsystem CLT Foundation
360MM X 360MM PRE-DRILLED CLT COLUMN
22MM EXTERNAL CLADDING
280MM X 140MM ROTHOBLAAS F70 KNIFE PLATE W/H
360mm x 360mm Pre-drilled CLT Column
34MM BATTENS
METAL DOWELS FLOOR FINISH
280mm x 140mm Rothoblaas F70 Knife Plate w/h Metal Dowels
WIND PROTECTION
EMISSION BARRIER MEMBRANE
Floor Finish
VAPOUR BARRIER
22mm External Cladding
100MM CLT
Emission barrier membrane
145MM HEAVY INSULATION
34mm Battens
100MM X100MM EPS S100 GRAPHITE
100mm CLT
100mm x100mm EPS S100 Graphite
160MM EPS S100 GRAPHITE
160mm EPS S100 Graphite
260MM SPECIAL ALUMINIUM CROSS KNIFE PLATE
260mm Special Aluminium Cross Knife Plate
360MM X 400MM PREFAB POST-TENSION CONCRETE
360mm x 400mm Prefab Post-Tension Concrete Beams
BEAMS 400MM MACADAM
400mm Macadam
CONCRETE PILES
Concrete Piles
100MM CLT
Wind Protection
45MM STUDS & INSULATION
Vapour Barrier
13MM PLASTER BOARD
145mm Heavy Insulation
460MM X 360MM EPS S100
100mm CLT
45mm Studs & Insulation
GRAPHITE
13mm Plaster Board
460mm x 360mm EPS S100 Graphite
SCALE
1:15
FOUNDATION AT CONCRETE BEAMS DETAIL
1:15
Prefabricated Concrete & Klara byggsystem CLT Foundation
FLOOR FINISH EMISSION BARRIER MEMBRANE
100MM CLT
100MM X100MM EPS S100 GRAPHITE
Floor Finish
160MM EPS S100 GRAPHITE
Emission barrier membrane
360MM X 400MM PREFAB POST-TENSION
100mm CLT
100mm x100mm EPS S100 Graphite
CONCRETE BEAMS 400MM MACADAM
160mm EPS S100 Graphite
360mm x 400mm Prefab Post-Tension Concrete Beams
400mm Macadam
Concrete Piles
SCALE
LOAD-BEARING INTERIOR CLT WALL DETAIL
SCALE 1:15
Load Bearing CLT Bracing
Wall & Apartment Partition
Wall
NON LOAD-BEARING EXTERIOR CLT WALL DETAIL
SCALE 1:15
Non-Load Bearing CLT Apartment Partition Wall
LVL Floor Panel & Drop Ceiling
Non-Load Bearing CLT Wall
2X 13MM PLASTER BOARDS
94MM STUDS & INSULATION
120MM CLT
94MM STUDS & INSULATION
2X 13MM PLASTER BOARDS
2x 13mm Plaster Boards
94mm Studs & Insulation
120mm CLT
94mm Studs & Insulation
2x 13mm Plaster Boards
22MM EXTERNAL CLADDING
34MMBATTENS
WIND PROTECTION
VAPOUR BARRIER
145MM HEAVY INSULATION
100MM CLT
40mm LVL Cover Sheet
45MM STUDS & INSULATION
13MM PLASTER BOARD
240mm x 50mm LVL Studs & Insulation
150/300mm x 50mm LVL Bottom Studs
Metal Wire Cables for Drop Ceiling
Plumbing & Wiring
22mm x 12mm Metal Studs for Drop Ceiling
13mm Drop Ceiling Panels
22mm External Cladding
34mm Battens
Wind Protection
Vapour Barrier
145mm Heavy Insulation
100mm CLT
45mm Studs & Insulation
13mm Plaster Board
2x 13mm Plaster Boards
45mm Studs & Insulation
100mm CLT
18mm Insulation
100mm CLT
45mm Studs & Insulation
2x 13mm Plaster Boards
Cladding
APARTMENT PARTITION INTERIOR CLT WALL DETAIL
SCALE 1:15
Insulation
Insulation
22MM WOODEN FLOOR
40mm LVL Cover Sheet
40MM LVL COVER SHEET
240mm x 50mm LVL Studs & Insulation
2X 13MM PLASTER BOARDS
45MM STUDS & INSULATION
240MM X 50MM LVL STUDS & INSULATION
150/300mm x 50mm LVL Bottom Studs
100MM CLT
150/300MM X 50MM LVL
Metal Wire Cables for Drop Ceiling
18MM INSULATION
BOTTOM STUDS METAL WIRE CABLES FOR
Plumbing & Wiring
100MM CLT
DROP CEILING PLUMBING & WIRING
22mm x 12mm Metal Studs for Drop Ceiling
45MM STUDS & INSULATION
22MM X 12MM METAL STUDS FOR DROP
13mm Drop Ceiling Panels
CEILING 13MM DROP CEILING PANELS
2X 13MM PLASTER BOARDS
SCALE 1:15
LVL Floor Panel & Drop Ceiling PREFAB LVL FLOOR MODULE DETAIL
2x 13mm Plaster Boards
45mm Studs & Insulation
100mm CLT 18mm Insulation
Bearing CLT Partition Wall External
Battens Protection Barrier Heavy
&
Board Non-Load Bearing CLT Exterior Wall
100mm CLT 45mm Studs & Insulation 2x 13mm Plaster Boards
Prefabricated Wood Truss Roof & Ceiling Detail
METAL CORRUGATED ROOF
25MM X 50MM MM WOOD
BATTENS
STAINLESS STEEL
WATER SPOUT WIND RETARDER
VAPOUR RETARDER
PREFAB WOOD FRAME TRUSS
360MM X 100MM WALL PLATE
200MM HEAVY INSULATION
PREFAB LVL FLOOR PANEL
22MM EXTERNAL CLADDING
Metal Corrugated Roof
34MM BATTENS
25mm x 50mm mm Wood Battens
WIND PROTECTION
Stainless Steel Water Spout
Wind Retarder
VAPOUR BARRIER
Vapour Retarder
145MM HEAVY INSULATION
100MM CLT
Prefab Wood Frame Truss
360mm x 100mm Wall Plate
45MM STUDS & INSULATION
13MM PLASTER BOARD
200mm Heavy Insulation
Prefab LVL Floor Panel
DETAIL SCALE 1:15
TRUSS ROOF
PREFAB FOUNDATION CONCRETE PILES, POST-TENSION PREFAB CONCRETE BEAMS AND METAL KNIFE PLATES
PREFAB KLARA BYGGSYSTEM CLT FOUNDATION & ROTHOBLAAS F70 KNIFE PLATE
CLT COLUMNS FASTENED TO F70 & ROTHOBLAAS LOCK T MIDI METAL CONNECTORS INSTALLED
CLT BEAMS CONNECTED TO COLUMNS VIA ROTHOBLAAS LOCK T MIDI METAL CONNECTORS
LOCK FLOOR CONNECTORS FOR VERTICAL INSTALLATION OF PREFAB LVL FLOOR MODULES
INSTALLATION OF NON-LOAD BEARING WALLS HORIZONTALLY BETWEEN COLUMN AND BEAM STRUCTURAL SYSTEM & FACADE LAYER BEING HUNG TO BEAMS VIA LOCK FLOOR CONNECTORS
PREFAB LVL FLOOR MODULE INSTALLATION & MIRRORED F70 KNIFEPLATES INSTALLED FOR COLUMN TO COLUMN JOINT
INSTALLATION OF SECOND LAYER OF COLUMNS
COLUMN & BEAM PARTIAL STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY EXPLODED AXO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ALUSTART CONNECTORS FOR HORIZONTAL INSTALLATION OF NON-LOAD BEARING CLT WALLS
PREFAB FOUNDATIONCONCRETE PILES, POST-TENSION PREFAB CONCRETE BEAMS AND METAL KNIFEPLATES
LOAD-BEARING CLT WALL PARTIAL STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY EXPLODED AXO 1 2 3 4
CLT COLUMNS INSTALLED LOAD-BEARING CLT WALLS FASTENED TO X-RAD METAL CONNECTOR USING X-ONE
PREFAB KLARA BYGGSYSTEM CLT FOUNDATION
ROTHOBLAAS F70 KNIFE PLATE FASTENED TO FOUNDATION KNIFE PLATES
LOCK FLOOR CONNECTORS FOR VERTICAL INSTALLATION OF PREFAB LVL FLOOR MODULES
ROTHOBLAAS LOCK T MIDI METAL CONNECTORS INSTALLED & SECOND LAYER OF LOAD BEARING WALL FASTENED WITH X-RAD & X ONE CONENCTORS
CLT BEAMS CONNECTED TO COLUMNS VIA ROTHOBLAAS LOCK T MIDI METAL CONNECTORS
INSTALLATION OF LVL FLOOR MODULES & PREFAB FACADE LAYER BEING HUNG TO BEAMS VIA LOCK FLOOR CONNECTORS
LOAD-BEARING CLT WALL PARTIAL STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY EXPLODED AXO 5 6 7 8
LOAD-BEARING CLT WALL PARTIAL STRUCTURE ASSEMBLY EXPLODED AXO 9 10 MIRRORED F70 KNIFE PLATES INSTALLED FOR COLUMN TO COLUMN JOINT INSTALLATION OF SECOND LAYER OF COLUMNS
WALL INNER CLT PARTS ASSEMBLY EXPLODED AXO
PREFAB & CNC’D CLT WALL POST & LINTEL SYSTEM FASTENED WITH ROTHOBLAAS LOCK T MINI CONNECTORS, CLOSED OFF WITH RECTANGULAR WOODEN CAPS
FOUNDATIONPARTS
MAINBUILDINGPARTS
TRUSSROOFPARTS
COMPLETE BUILDING & BUILDING PARTS AXONOMETRIC
BUILDING
FOUNDATION GROUND FLOOR SECOND FLOOR THIRD TO EIGHT FLOOR ROOF
ASSEMBLY AXONOMETRIC
1:1 PARTIAL MODEL OF A CRUCIAL PART IN THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SHOWING THE CONNECTIONS OF COLUMNS, BEAMS, FLOOR MODULE & PARTITION WALL
1:1
MODEL OF ROTHOBLASS XRAD FLOOR METAL CONNECTOR & CLT WALL
1:1 MODEL OF ROTHOBLASS LOCK T MIDI & ALUSTART CONNECTORS & CLT BEAM
1:1 MODEL OF LVL FLOOR MODULE
1:1 CLT
BOTTOM COLUMN 1:1 CLT TOP COLUMN, METAL DOWELS & CLT BEAM
1:1 SECOND CLT BEAM & LOCK FLOOR, ALUSTART CONNECTORS
1:1 LVL FLOOR MODULE 1:1 NON-LOAD BEARING PARTITION CLT WALL
