Zine - Harvard Cite Them Right

Harvard Cite Them

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Right Zine A referencing zine from 
 the university of west london

Library

UWL

about this zine t hi s z in e il l ustrat es ho w to reference us in g harv ard cite th em right it wa s made by the library at the un ive rsity o f west london cite them right is the autho ritative source

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CITE THEM RIGHT

content who should you cite what is a reference list | paraphrasing | quoting where do in-text citations go when should you cite why do you have to cite how will it look faqs

when you submit

frequently asked questions

WHO Is the Author An ‘expert’?

Which sources should you read and cite in your assignments? You should ask yourself is the author an expert? And what makes someone an expert?

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More About Evaluating A source

If you don’t know the author (maybe it’s a website by a person/

who should you cite

organisation you haven’t heard of) research them. A transparent website will usually have an ‘about us’ section.

If you can’t find any information, or if you’re not sure, you may want to consider using a different source instead.

Books, ebooks and journal articles are generally considered to be good sources authors/editors are

often academics and journal articles go through a process of peer review.

You can find books, ebooks and journal articles through Summon - see the library homepage.

If you have problems finding academic sources, contact your librarian.

And always avoid citing Wikipedia.

W H AT  

The reference list constitutes a full list of all the sources you paraphrased/quoted in your assignment.

It follows your assignment and is not included in your word count. It is ordered alphabetically.

Every source should be formatted as per Cite Them Right. Firstly, categorise your source - is it a book chapter? Or a webpage? Next, find the correct template on Cite Them Right and write your reference.

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Creating References

what is a reference list

Reference list

A-Z

Beyoncé (2013) Beyoncé. Available at: spotify:album:2UJwKSBUz6rtW4QLK74kQu Album (Accessed: 15 September 2018).

Fairclough-Isaacs, K. (2015) ‘Beyoncé’s Celebrity Feminism and Performances of Female Empowerment in the Arena Concert’, in Edgar, R. et al. (eds.) The Arena Concert: Music, Media Mass Entertainment. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 279 – 290.

Gammage, M. (2017) ‘Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance’, Journal of Black Studies, 48(8), pp.715-731.

Chapter in an edited book

journal article

W H AT Paraphrasing means expressing someone else’s writing in your own words

Paraphrasing is the main way that you will use sources in your assignments.

It essentially involves expressing someone else’s writing in your own words. It allows you to fit an author’s idea into your work without quoting.

You must include an in-text citation to show where you read the information.

If you don’t, you could be accused of plagiarism.

Do not change one or two words change the whole sentence.

what is paraphrasing

Despite her stature in popular culture, the industry confines Beyoncé to a unidimensional existence, such that any appearance of Black advocacy renders public backlash.

ORIGINAL

Beyoncé’s performances celebrating Black culture have resulted in major public backlash; her popularity with audiences does not exempt her from this reaction (Gammage, 2017).

PARAPHRASED

W H AT 8.6 cm8.6 cm 

E x c e s s i v e quotations will disrupt your writing - use them carefully

OOO Setting Out Quotes

OOO Making changes to quotes

You may use single / double inverted commas - but be consistent.

Quotations must be relevant. They may disrupt your writing embed carefully and note that your tutor will often prefer you to paraphrase.

what is quoting

Despite her stature in popular culture, the industry confines Beyoncé to a unidimensional existence, such that any appearance of Black advocacy renders public backlash.

ORIGINAL

Despite her popularity

with

audiences, the music business “confines Beyoncé to a unidimensional existence” (Gammage, 2017, p.724) such that she exists as a female artist but not a Black female artist.

quoted

WHERE

small print the examples that follow show in-text citations for books with authors. if you paraphrase/ quote from another type of source e.g. a film, the information that you include in-text will be different. check cite them right for full details.

where do in-text citations go

In-text citations

are a cut-

down version of the full reference.

They usually constitute the author’s surname and the year of publication.

They serve two functions; they credit the intellectual property of others and they tell your reader which sources your ideas are based on.

Without

in-text citations

throughout your writing, you are at risk of plagiarism đ&#x;‘€

WHERE

1. Blah blah blah (Smith, 2018).

2. As Smith (2018) notes blah blah blah.

There are two ways to include an in-text citation.

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Authors?

1. Place the in-text citation at the end of your sentence.

2. Use the author’s surname in your sentence -

where do in-text citations go

the year of publication (in brackets) always immediately follows the author’s surname.

If quoting, include quotation marks and the page number e.g. “blah blah blah” (Smith, 2018, p.9).

To check your work, try reading the sentence back whilst ignoring the information in brackets.

Does it make sense?

The in-text citation should not affect your sentence structure.

WHEN When should you cite?

It is assumed that your work is based upon your own opinion, unless you clearly acknowledge that it is not with an in-text citation. Assignments with no in-text citations are not acceptable submissions - you may be accused of plagiarism.

You are expected to include an in-text citation + a full reference for every source that you paraphrase or quote from.

You do not need to reference common knowledge

when should you cite  

What is common knowledge?

Common knowledge is facts, dates, events or information that is generally known e.g.

London is the capital of England Such information does not need to be referenced. Ask yourself - did you know this information before you started your research?

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WHY 


why do you have to cite?

1 

why do you have to cite

to credit the author It is considered intellectual theft (i.e. plagiarism) if you do not give the original author credit. You must acknowledge them via in-text citations + a full reference in the reference list.

to strengthen your argument Finding studies or published authors who agree with your ideas will strengthen your argument; it provides evidence for the points that you make.

to show where your ideas came from Your reader should be able to see which sources informed your assignment.

HOW Examine race, gender or identity in relation

to popular culture

Beyoncé has long been associated with female empowerment and her music frequently engages with feminist themes. Her eponymous album (Beyoncé, 2013) was notable for overtly embracing feminism, yet this association did not create controversy, nor was Beyoncé met with criticism as a result (Fairclough-Isaacs, 2015).

Conversely, Beyoncé’s performances celebrating Black culture have resulted in backlash - her Super Bowl performance of 2016 sparked outrage (Gammage, 2017). The negative media and public reaction to Beyoncé’s celebration of Black culture highlights the racism present in popular culture and what it means for Black artists; Beyoncé is able to perform as a woman but not as a Black woman.

how should it look when you submit

Reference list

Beyoncé (2013) Beyoncé. Available at: spotify:album: 2UJwKSBUz6rtW4QLK74kQu (Accessed: 15 September Ever 2018). refer y

e needs nace in-textn citatio N

Fairclough-Isaacs, K. (2015) ‘Beyonce’s Celebrity Feminism and Performances of Female Empowerment in the Arena Concert’, in Edgar, R. et al. (eds.) The Arena Concert: Music, Media Mass Entertainment. London: Bloomsbury, pp. 279 – 290.

Gammage, M. (2017) ‘Pop Culture Without Culture: Examining the Public Backlash to Beyoncé’s Super Bowl 50 Performance’, Journal of Black Studies, 48(8), pp.715-731.

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FAQs Reference list vs bibliography

A reference list comprises the sources that you paraphrased/ quoted from in your work. A bibliography additionally includes background reading. You will most commonly be asked for a reference list at the University of West London - check with your lecturer if you are unsure.

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Referencing a source quoted in another authors work (secondary referencing)

Wherever possible you should read the original source however sometimes this is not feasible. In this case, you will use secondary referencing. There is a specific layout to follow - check the link below.

Find out more…

Frequently asked questions

Not all of the information I need is available

Cite Them Right offers guidance about what to do if you are missing information e.g. if the webpage you want to reference doesn’t have a year, write (no date). See Cite Them Right for full guidance.

Find out more…

Is there any software that will create my reference list for me?

The University of West London subscribes to RefWorks - this is recommended for major projects/dissertations but not for shorter assignments. https://zbib.org/ is an option - choose Harvard Cite Them Right formatting. Be aware that zbib is not always correct - check against Cite Them Right.

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