Evergreen Gateway: A Biophilic Design Thesis

How Can Biophilic Design Be Used Within The Residential Sector?

Studio 1: Identifying Biophilic Design

In Studio 1 Biophilic design principles are employed to identify a suitable site, and the importance of biophilic design aspects for individuals well-being is examined.

Biophilic Design

What is Biophilic Design Sketching Nature

Starting Studio 1, I delved into the history and significance of biophilic design in the context of the built environment. I outlined the “Three Pillars” of Biophilic Design and how their components are linked to well-being.

Although the scientific research on these aspects has been ongoing for hundreds of years and is still evolving, we must strive to reconnect with nature to enhance our daily lives.

This underlines the significance of the issue as research suggests that in the near future, approximately 70% of the population will reside in urban areas, further distancing people from nature beyond the current situation.

Places for Everyone (PfE)

PfE Aims:

• Net Zero Carbon Developments

• Affordable Housing

• Maximise the use of sustainable urban/ brownsfield land

• Limit Green Belt Release

• Improve Infrastructure

The PfE document outlines objectives for Manchester’s future until 2037. The council aims to expand housing and employment capacity to transform Manchester into a global city, capitalizing on its connections to London, airports, and waterways.

The PfE document aligns with biophilic design, which emphasizes strong connections with nature. Implementing a building that follows the principles of biophilic design should effectively address all the aims of the PfE document.

The Three Pillars of Biophillic Design

Nature in the Space

Nature Analogues

Nature of the Space

1. Visual Connection with Nature. A view to elements of nature.

2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature. Auditory, haptic, olfactory, or gustatory stimuli that engender a deliberate and positive reference to nature.

3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli. Stochastic connections with nature, like a bird call.

4. Thermal & Airflow Variability. Subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow, and surface temperatures that mimic natural environments.

5. Presence of Water, through seeing, hearing or touching water.

6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light. Leverages varying intensities of light and shadow that change over time to create conditions that occur in nature.

7. Connection with Natural Systems. Awareness of natural processes, especially seasonal and temporal changes characteristic of a healthy ecosystem.

8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns. Symbolic references to contoured, patterned, textured or numerical arrangements that persist in nature.

9. Material Connection with Nature. Materials and elements from nature that, through minimal processing, reflect the local ecology or geology and create a distinct sense of place.

10. Complexity & Order. Rich sensory information that adheres to a spatial hierarchy similar to those encountered in nature.

11. Prospect. An unimpeded view over a distance, for surveillance and planning.

12. Refuge. A place for withdrawal from environmental conditions or the main flow of activity, in which the individual is protected from behind and overhead.

13. Mystery. The promise of more information, achieved through partially obscured views or other sensory devices that entice the individual to travel deeper into the environment.

14. Risk/Peril. An identifiable threat coupled with a reliable safeguard.

Nature as a Precedent

Photography Exploration

Whilst also at the Digley Reservoir, I explored nature using photography as a tool for investigation. As I walked, I discovered the origins of the principles of biophilia. The numerous paths provided a sense of mystery, while the expansive views and the sound of flowing water enhanced the ambiance of the surroundings.

During these walks, one can encounter a range of interactions with nature. From the intimate experiences with flora and fauna to the grand vistas that stretch for miles, it reinforces our place within the natural world.

On that day, a thick blanket of fog enveloped the surroundings, providing a unique and vertically compressed experience of nature. The fog created a sense of unrest as if nature was going through a process of transformation and rejuvenation, utilizing the water from the fog to renew itself.

Through the lens of biophilia, this experience allowed me to appreciate the mechanisms that create these beneficial atmospheres, promoting a greater understanding of their impact on our wellbeing.

Short Film: Nature in Contrast

To help compare the difference in sensations and atmosphere between urban and rural I shot a short film with scenes from inner Manchester and the Peak District nearby. Using extended locked off shots to allow the viewer to observe the atmosphere, the audio elevates the scenes with the stimulating nature sounds of wind, leaves, rivers and birds that are harshly contrasted with the sounds of the city through vehicles, people and other loud noises.

By swapping which audio plays over which scene creates different sensations whilst watching the film. Overlaying noises of trams over still natures creates a juxtaposition of unease. The overwhelming noise distorts the atmosphere of the tranquil forest displaying how important the auditory experience of a space is when it comes to biophilic design. Alternatively, using the audio of a flowing river over a shot in the city with a small amount of movement creates a calmer setting further indicating that noise is one of the most important aspects of biophilic design. The noises of nature cannot come from anything other than the original source, so to get sonic nature you need the nature itself to be applied to the site.

Film Link

Site Location

Identifying Biophilic Prospects

When identifying a site suitable for biophilic practices and aligning with the PfE document seven sites were found. Upon first hand exploration of these sites I found that site 2 was the most optimal site to apply biophilic design to.

With further investigation into the site, a landscaping expansion to the north east green area that has been deforested would be beneficial to regenerate this space as it would allow for closer connections with nature and improve the well being of local residents with opportunities for walks in nature and acting as a barrier to the industrial complexes north of the site.

Better connections for pedestrian traffic around the site to allow for cleaner circulation flow would benefit the surrounding areas making journeys in and out of the city centre easier and more appealing to journey through.

There is an urban and rural divide at the bridge above site 3 that displays what site 2 used to house and how it can be re-populated.

Woodland Edge

River Irwell Edge

Victoria Station

Park Edge

Local Park

Viaduct Edge

Studio 2: Conceptualizing

In Studio 2 concepts and a draft design are created using materials selected based on biophilic principles, highlighting areas where these elements can be implemented and their associated benefits.

Landscape Concepts

Site Landscaping

An initial draft of the site and its surrounding landscaping was produced, demonstrating how the site connections could be utilized to provide pathways into nature and efficient routes to nearby necessities such as shops and pharmacies. The draft also highlights the advantages of incorporating sculptures in the park to introduce a culture of art to the area.

One landscape designer who’s work is intangible with biophilic design is Charles Jencks. His use of smooth flowing forms and long unimpeded views is a perfect example of biophilic design.

Taking inspiration from Jencks, the paths of the landscaping follow curved winding routes, avoiding any sharp angle where possible.

Materiality

Colours Found in Nature

A driving factor of how a material connects with nature is it’s colour. Nature’s pallette is constantly in flux through the days and seasons. The colours in nature tend to be on the warmer side of the colour wheel with the sunlight’s warmth. Two prominent colours are green from the chlorophyll of plants and blue from the sky and sea because of how red light is absorbed and blue light is reflected.

Materials

A few materials were presented as examples that embody the principles of biophilia, showcasing a potentially effective colour and tactile scheme for the final design.

Concept Plans

Draft Plans

The conclusion to Studio 2 was draft plans, elevations and sections that were made to demonstate the direction the design was heading.

Ground Floor

Elevation

Section

Room Design

The designs for the rooms followed a hierarchical approach starting with building regulations, followed by the Manchester residential quality guide, and finally the Design for Mind document. This approach ensures compliance with regulations and then prioritizes the end user’s well-being by exceeding the requirements.

Building Regulations

Residential Quality Guide

Design for the Mind

Studio 3: Biophilic Design Outcome

Studio 3 was the conclusion studio to the thesis that involved the full detailed plans, sections and elevations alongside descriptions on their effectiveness following Biophilic Design principles and the PfE document.

Plans

Ground Floor

Third Floor

East Elevation

South Elevation

West Elevation

Evergreen Gateway Renders

The purpose of these renders is to visually showcase the implementation of biophilic design principles in the project. The emphasis on connecting residents with nature is evident through the choice of materials and incorporation of plants. The apartments offer unobstructed views of the surrounding natural environment, fostering a strong bond between residents and the outdoors. The accompanying image illustrates the project’s contribution to greening the local area, extending a lush green presence into Manchester.

1:200 Model Construction Process

This model serves as a comprehensive representation, showcasing the integration of various designs and biophilic elements. It offers a tangible experience that enhances your connection to the project’s scale and vision.

Outcome

Reflecting on Place for Everyone (PfE)

• Net Zero Carbon Developments

Low Carbon materials and construction methods through the use of timber, mycelium and recyclable steel.

• Affordable Housing

Provision of units at a lower price to address the housing crisis, particularly for first-time buyers. Limits on resale value to mitigate inflationary effects.

• Maximise the use of sustainable urban/brownsfield land

Transformation of brownfield land into a sustainable area by incorporating biophilic elements, such as increased woodland and park spaces.

• Limit Green Belt Release

Introduction of additional green areas that can be integrated into the greenbelt masterplan, ensuring their long-term protection.

• Improve Infrastructure

Establishment of new roads and paths, fostering enhanced connectivity throughout the site. This facilitates pedestrian and cycling travel, creating opportunities to link various northern parts of Manchester to the city center.

Biophilic Design Conclusion

Throughout this studio, the exploration of the Three Pillars of biophilic design has been evident in the elevations, sections, renders, and the model. The design serves as a testament to how the application of these principles can guide us towards creating more comfortable living spaces that enhance the well-being of residents. By increasing the presence of woodland and park areas, we can expect a ripple effect of improved visits from both people and animals, fostering a robust biodiversity within the vicinity. This thesis exemplifies the significant role biophilic principles can play in enhancing the overall design, particularly when it comes to residential environments.