,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
yP r h ,e; j pah jkpo; rpwg;gpjo; This issue in Tamil is a translated version of LEISA India magazine. This includes selected articles from LEISA India, originally published in English. Address : ame Foundation No. 204, 100 Feet Ring Road, 3rd Phase, Banashankari 2nd Block, 3rd Stage, Bangalore - 560 085, India Tel:
+91-080- 2669 9512, +91-080- 2669 9522
Fax:
+91-080- 2669 9410
E-mail: leisaindia@yahoo.co.in
Leisa India Chief Editor : K.V.S. Prasad Managing Editor : T.M. Radha
yPrh vd;gJ Fiwe;j ntspapL nghUs; kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz;ik vd;gjd; RUf;fkhFk;. Rw;Wr;RoYf;F cfe;j topfspy; cw;gj;jpiaAk;> tUkhdj;ijAk; ngUf;f tpUk;Gk; coth;fSf;F njhopw;El;g kw;Wk; r%f hPjpapyhd tha;g;Gfis cs;slf;fpajhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ cs;@h; ts Mjhuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,aw;ifapd; Nghf;Ffis msTld; gad;gLj;jp Njitg;gLk; NghJ ghJfhg;ghd msT ntspaPL nghUl;fis jpwd;gl ifahs;tjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; coth;fis> me;j r%fj;ij Ragyk; kpf;fth;fshfTk;> rf;jp kpf;fth;fshfTk; khw;wp mjd;%yk; mth;fspd; vjph;fhyj;ij jq;fs; nrhe;j mwpT> jpwik>kjpg;gL P > fyhr;rhuk; kw;Wk; mikg;Gfis mikf;f cjTtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ khwptUk; #oy;fs; kw;Wk; NjitfSf;F Vw;g coth;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju gq;Fjhuh;fspd; jpwikfs;> gq;Nfw;G mZFKiwfs; %yk; gyg;gLj;JtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ ghuk;ghpa mwpitAk;> mwptpay; g+h;tkhd mwpitAk; ,izj;J mjd;%yk; nfhs;if cUthf;fj;jpy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp vjph;fhy tsh;r;rpf;F rhjfkhd #oiy cUthf;FtjhFk;. yPrh vd;gJ xU fUj;J> xU mZFKiw kw;Wk; tpNtfkhd nra;jp.
Translated by Suresh Kanna. K Translation coordination Poornima Administration Rukmini G. G. Design and Layout M.S. Vasanth Christopher Printing L.S. Graphic Prints, Chennai Cover photo Woman carrying loads of seedlings from nursery to the main field Photo: Sambhav, Odisha Different editions • Regional Editions Telugu, Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Punjabi and Oriya • Farming Matters The Global edition in English • LEISA Revista de Agroecologia The Latin American edition in Spanish • LEISA India The Indian edition in English • AGRIDAPE The West African edition in French • Agriculturas, Experiencias em Agroecologia The Brazilian edition in Portuguese The editors have taken every care to ensure that the contents of this magazine are as accurate as possible. The authors have ultimate responsibility, however, for the content of individual articles. The editors encourage readers to photocopy and circulate magazine articles.
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Supported by MISEREOR, Published by AME Foundation yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
kpnrshpah; vd;gJ tsh;r;rp xj;Jiog;gpw;fhf> n[h;kdp ehl;by; cs;s fj; N jhypf; f ghjphpahh; f shy; 1958 Mk; Mz; b y; epWtg; g l; l Xh; epWtdkhFk;. kpnrshpah; fle;j 50 tUlq;fSf;Fk; Nkyhf Mg;gphpf;fh> Mrpah kw; W k; yj; j P d ; mnkhpf; f ehLfspy; Vo; i k xopg; g jw; f hd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; jd;id mh;gzpj;J gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. kjk;> ehfhPfk;> ghypdk; vd;w ve;j NtWghby;yhky; kdpj Fyj;jpd; Njitf;F jdJ cjtpia mspj;J tUfpwJ. Vio kw;Wk; gpd;jq;fpa kf;fs;> jhq;fshf Jtf;Fk; ve;j xU Kaw;rpf;Fk; MjuT nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ek;GfpwJ. cs;@h; $l;lhspfSld;> Fwpg;ghf fpUj;Jt Nfhapy;fNshL njhlh;Gila epWtdq;fs;> muR rhuh epWtdq;fs;> r%f ,af;fq;fs;> Muha;r;rp epWtdq;fs; Nghd;wtw;NwhL ,ize;J gzpahw;Wtij tpUk;GfpwJ. gadhspfNshL ,ize;J> mjd; $l;lhspfs; cs;@h; ts Nkk;ghl;L Kiwfspy; cjtpAk;> jpl;lq;fis eilKiwg;gLj;jpAk; tUfpd;wdh;. ,t;topahfNt> kpnrshpah; jdJ $l; l hspfSld; ,ize; J njhlh; r ; r pahf khwptUk; rthy; f is vjph;nfhs;fpwJ. www.misereor.de; www.misereor.org V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Fiwe; j ntspapL nghUs; %yk; ,aw; i f ts Mjhuq; f s; Nkyhz; i kf; f hf ghuk; g hpa mwpitAk; > Gjpa fz; L gpbg; G njhopw; E l; g q; f isAk; xd; w pizj; J epiyj; j tho; t hjhug; gzpfis ngUf; F tjpy; <Lgl; L tUfpwJ. V.vk; . , gTz; N l\d; Ntshz; i kapy; khw;WfisAk;> mwpitAk; ngUf;FtjpYk;> gapw;rpfs; mspg;gjpYk;> tsh;r;rp gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; epWtdq;fNshL njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;JtjpYk;> mDgtq;fis gfph;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jf;fhz gPlg+kp gFjpfspy; rpW FW coth;fs; kj;jpapy; gzpahw;wp tUfpwJ. V.vk;., epWtdk; Mh;tKs;s tptrhaf; FOf;fSld; gy fpuhkq;fspy; khw;W tptrha Kiwfis ngUf;fTk;> eilKiwg;gLj;jTk; gzp nra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j gFjpfs; ,aw;if Ntshz; Kiwfis nfhz;Ltu Kaw;rpf;Fk; kw; W k; eilKiwg; g Lj; j p nfhz; L tUk; jd; d hh; t f; FOf; f s; kw; W k; $l;likg;GfSf;F fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; ,lq;fshfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. www.amefound.org
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
ngWfpwhh; . ,tw; w py; 50 tpOf; f hL yhgk; fpilg;gjhf mth; $Wfpwhh;. (ml;ltiz 1)
KbTiu cyfkakhf;fg;gl;l ,d;iwa Ntshz; #oypy; vq; F ghh; j ; j hYk; ,urhad Ntshz; i kNa gutp ,Uf; f pwJ. ,e; j #o; e piyapy; RNg\; rh; k h Nghd; w tptrhapfs; gy Ngh; Cf; f k; mspg;gth;fshf cs;sdh;. kz;zpd; jd;ikia czh;eJ ; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w njhopEl;gq;fis Kaw;rpj;J ghh;f;Fk; tptrhapfs; ,t;Tyfpw;F $WtJ vd;dntdpy; MNuhf;fpakhd kz; t sj; i j $l; L tjw; F k; gz; i zapd; epiyj;j jd;ikf;Fk; Ntshz; caph;r;#oiy ghJfhj;jNy xNu top vd;gJjhd;. Priti Joshi Director, National Organization for Community Welfare, 2, Jajodia Layout, Shriniwas colony. Wardha, Maharashtra - 442001. E-mail: Priti1266@gmail.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2015> thy;a+k; 17> ,jo; 1
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
ePh; tpisahl;L rpwg;G <h;g;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. Ntshz; i k vd; g J juk; Fiwthd xU njhopyhf fUjg;gl;L te;j #oypy;> rFdh ghf; Ntshz;ikapd; r%f me;j];ij NkYk; cah;j;jpAs;sJ. rFdh ghf; eilKiwg; g Lj; j pa Kiwfs; kw;Wk; mZFKiwfs; gq;Nfw;G fw;wy; kw;Wk; nray;ghLfshf ,Ue;jjhy; tptrhapfisAk;> Fbkf;fisAk; mth;fspd; caphpdg; gd; k aj; N jhL nfhz; b Ue; J njhlh; G fis kWgbAk; Vw;gLj;jp mth;fspd; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk;> tho;thjhuj;ijAk; epiyepWj;Jtjw;F cjtpAs;sJ. tptrhapfis tphpthf;f nray;ghLfspy; <Lgl itj;J epiyj;j Ntshz; nray;ghLfis nfhz;L nry;tJ kl;Lky;yhJ> Ntshz; Rw;Wyh Nghd;w nghUshjhu kjpg;G kpf;f NtiyfSk; $l Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gij ,e;j nray;ghL gpupjpgypf;fpwJ. rFdh ghf;fpy; fpilf;Fk; nkhj;j tUkhdj;jpy; 40 tpOf;fhL Ntshz; Rw;Wyhtpy; ,Ue;J fpilf;fpwJ. ehl;bd; kpfTk; cl;gFjpapy; cs;s Ntshz; r%fq;fs; > efh;Gwq;fspy; cs;s kf;fNshL fye;Jiuahb njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jp nfhs; t J kpfTk; ,d; w paikahjJ. ,e; j fye; J iuahlYf; F k; > xUtUf; n fhUth; kfpo; r ; r pailtjw; F k; Ntshz; Rw; W yh rpwe; j jsj; i j Vw; g Lj; j pf; nfhLf; f pwJ. tptrhapfsplj;jpy; cghpahf cs;s mth;fspd; jpwikahdJ thu ,Wjpia gad; g Lj; j pf; nfhs;sTk;> mjd; thapyhf thu ehl;fspy; mth;fspd; ey;y Neuj;ij Ntshz; tsh;rr ; pf;Fk; gad; g Lj; j p nfhs; s KbfpwJ. ,q; q dk; > tptrhap jdJ tof; f khd fLk; gzpfis khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhz;L> thuj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; rpytw;iw nra;tjw;F vjph;Nehf;f itj;Js;sJ. tptrhapfNshL Neubahf efh;Gw kf;fs; <LgLk; NghJ czT vg;gb cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ
vd;gij fw;Wf; nfhs;sTk;> mjd;gb jq;fspd; cz;Zk; gof;fj;jpy; khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;sTk; cjTfpwJ. mth;fspd; <LghL vd;gJ Neubahf gz;izapy; ,Ue;J nghUl;fis nfhs;Kjy; nra;tjpypUe;J tptrhapfSld; vd;d cw;gj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;> vg;gb cw;gj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk; vdTk;> ,LnghUl;fshd ciog;G> mwpT kw;Wk; epjp Nghd;wtw;iw nfhLg;gJ Fwpj;Jk; Ngr KbfpwJ. Ntshz; Rw; W yhtpy; mjd; Kf; f pakhd njhlh; G fis cUthf; f pajhy; > rFdh ghf; jw;NghJ mLj;j epiyahd efh;Gw Rw;Wyh gazpfNshL jd;id <LgLj;jp nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F nrd;W tpl;lJ. xU Gjpa> GJikahd fUj;jhf;fkhf ‘tptrha ez;giu fz;Lgpb” vd;gJ njhlq;fg;gl;L> Mh;tKila Rw; W yh ghh; i tahsh; f s; tptrhapfNshL ,izf;fg;gl;L > xUtUf;nfhUth; ePz;l fhy ek;gpf;ifiaAk; fl;likj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. fpuhkg;Gw kw;Wk; efh;Gw njhlh;Gfis fl;likf;f> tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; efh;Gw kf;fs; ,ilNa ‘fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kjpaczT” vd;Dk; fUj;jhf;fj;ij kPz;Lk; epiy ehl;l ,J xU Gjpa Muk;gk;. For more details on Saguna Baug, visit www.sagunabaug.com
Dr Sudhirendar Sharma works at The Ecological Foundation in New Delhi, India and researches and writes on agriculture and related development issues. E-mail: sudhirendarsharma@gmail.com %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> [{d; 2015> thy;a+k; 17> ,jo; 2
Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 2000-2016 V.2,No.1,2000 V.2,No.2,2000 V.2,No.3,2000 V.2,No.4,2000
- Desertification - Farmer innovations - Farming in the forest - Monocultures towards sustainability
V.3,No.1,2001 V.3,No.2,2001 V.3,No.3,2001 V.3,No.4,2001
- Coping with disaster - Go global stay local - Lessons in scalingup - Biotechnology
V.4,No.1,2002 V.4,No.2,2002 V.4,No.3,2002 V.4,No.4,2002
- Managing Livestock - Rural Communication - Recreating living soil - Women in agriculture
V.5,No.1,2003 V.5,No.2,2003 V.5,No.3,2003 V.5,No.4,2003
- Farmers Field School - Ways of water harvesting - Access to resources - Reversing Degradation
V.6,No.1,2004 V.6,No.2,2004 V.6,No.3,2004 V.6,No.4,2004
- Valuing crop diversity - New generation of farmers - Post harvest Management - Farming with nature
V.7,No.1,2005 V.7,No.2,2005 V.7,No.3,2005 V.7,No.4,2005
- On Farm Energy - More than Money - Contribution of Small Animals - Towards Policy Change
V.8,No.1,2006 V.8,No.2,2006 V.8,No.3,2006 V.8,No.4,2006
- Documentation for Change - Changing Farming Practices - Knowledge Building Processes - Nurturing Ecological Processes
V.9,No.1,2007 V.9,No.2,2007 V.9,No.3,2007 V.9,No.4,2007
- Farmers Coming together - Securing Seed Supply - Healthy Produce, People and Environment - Ecological Pest Management
V.10,No.1,2008 - Towards Fairer Trade V.10,No.2,2008 - Living soils V.10,No.3,2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10,No.4,2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11,No.1,2009 - Farming Diversity V.11,No.2,2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11,No.3,2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11,No.4,2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12,No.1,2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12,No.2,2010 - Finance for farming V.12,No.3,2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13,No.1,2011 - Youth in farming V.13,No.2,2011 - Trees and farming V.13,No.3,2011 - Regional Food System V.13,No.4,2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14,No.1,2012 - Insects as Allies V.14,No.2,2012 - Greening the Economy V.14,No.3,2012 - Farmer Organisations V.14,No.4,2012 - Combating Desertification V.15,No.1,2013 - SRI: A scaling up success V.15,No.2,2013 - Farmers and market V.15,No.3,2013 - Education for change V.15,No.4,2013 - Strengthening family farming V.16,No.1,2014 - Cultivating farm biodiversity V.16,No.2,2014 - Family farmers breaking out of poverty V.16,No.3,2014 - Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V.16,No.4,2014 - Family farming and nutrition V.17,No.1,2015 - Soils for life V.17,No.2,2015 - Rural-urban linkages V.17,No.3,2015 - Water-lifeline for livelihoods V.17,No.4,2015 - Women forgoing change V.18,No.1,2016 - Co -creation of knowledge V.18,No.2,2016 - Valuing underutilised crops V.18,No.3,2016 - Agroecology-Measurable and sustainable V.18,No.4,2016 - Stakeholders in agroecology
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
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$l;Lg; gz;izapy; ngz;fs; gaph; tsh;g;gpy; <LgLfpd;wdh;. je; j J. vq; f spd; FLk; g j; j pw; f hd Njit Nghf kPjp gaph;fis re;ijapy; vq;fshy; tpw;f KbfpwJ.” ,e;j gd;dpuz;L egh;fis nfhz;l ,izg;Gf;FOthdJ> ,e;jg; gFjpapy; Mf;\d; Va;L ,e;jpahtpd; nray;hLfspy; xU gFjpahf mikf; f g; g l; l J. ,jpy; ngUk; g hyhNdhh; > r%f kw;Wk; nghUshjhu kl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ghuk;ghpa goq;Fb FOthd rhe;jhy; r%fj;ij Nrh; e ; j th; f s; . nghJthf ,th; f s; epykw; w tptrha $ypfs;. Mdhy; ,e;j gFjp kpfTk; twl;rpf;F ,yf;fhdjhf ,Ug;gjhYk;;> Ntshz;ik vd;gJ ngUksT gUt kioia ek; g p ,Ug; g jhYk; Ntshz; i k njhlh; g hf Ntiy tha;g;Gfs; fpilg;gJ mhpjhf cs;sJ. nrhe; j epyk; itj; j pUg; g th; f s; $l mit rpwpa epyg;gug;ghf ,Ug;gjhYk;> mjw;F epiwa ,LnghUl;fs; nryT ,Ug;gjhYk; mth;fshy; gaphpl Kbtjpy;iy. ,e;j rthy;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ,th;fs;> fle;j tUlq;fspy; me;jg; gFjpapy; Kisj;jpUf;Fk; fy; Fthhpfs; kw;Wk; fpu\ h;fspy; Mgj;jhd #o;epiy Ntiy nra;Ak; epiyf;F js;sptplg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
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$l;L Ntshz;ikapd; Njhw;wk; fpuhk kf; f NshL Mf; \ d; Va; L ,e; j pah kw;Wk; cs;@h; epWtdkhd Ruy; fpuhkg;Gw gFjpf;fhd Nrit ikak; (rp.v];. Mh;. V) elj;jpa fye;jha;Tfspy;> ‘$l;L Ntshz;ik” vd;gJ Fiwe;JtUk; tho;thjhu epiyfis Xustpw;F kPl;nlLf;f cjTk; vd;gJ fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. cs;@h; kf;fSk; gad;gLj;jg;glhky; cs;s rpwpa epyg;gug;Gfis xd;wpizj;jhy; mJ xU nghpa $l;L Mjhukhf> rhFgbia Jtf;Ftjw;F cjTk; vd;W czuj; njhlq;fpdh;.
ngz;fs; ,izg;Gf;FOf;fs; r%fq;fsplk; elj;jpa fye;jha;Tfs; topahf gy fpuhkq;fspy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,izg;Gf;FOf;fs; cUthd gpd; G> rp.v]; . Mh; . V kw; Wk; Mf; \d; va; L ,ize;J ,e;j FOf;fSf;F gq;Nfw;G Kiw jpl;lkply;> KbTfs; vLj;jy;> gaph; Njh;T kw;Wk; ,aw;if cuq;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju ,LnghUl;fs; jahhpg;gpy; gapw;rpfis elj;jpd.
$l; L Ntshz; i kf; F r%fj; j py; cs; s kf; f is jhprhf gad; g Lj; j g; g lhky; cs; s epyj;jpy; VjhtJ nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Ghpe;J nfhs;s nra;tJ fbdkhf vq;fSf;F ,Uf; f tpy; i y. ehq; f s; NkYk; mth; f is ,aw;if Ntshz;ik kw;Wk; mjid nra;tjpy; ngz;fs; Kd;dpd;W elj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;gij njhlh;eJ ; typAWj;jp te;Njhk; vd;fpwhh;> rp.v];. Mh;. V tpd; Nkyhsh; gpubd; gp];th];.
,e;j Kaw;rpapd; Muk;gf;fl;lj;jpy; FOf;fs; tpij cs;gl kw;w ,LnghUl;fs; nrytpdq;fSf;fhfTk;> epyj;jpw;F jz;zPh; gha; r ; R tjw; f hd gk; G nrl; mikg; g jw; F k; &. 16000 nrytplg; g l; l dh; . Kjy; jlit mth;fs; ghuk;ghpa fUtpfs; kw;Wk; ,aw;if cuq; f is gad; g Lj; j p epyj; j py; rhFgbia Nkw; n fhz; l dh; . mth; f spd; gq; f spg; g hf> FLk;gq;fspy; cs;s Mz; cWg;gpdh;fs; coT kw; W k; FWf; F coit gy Kiw epyj; j py; Nkw;nfhz;ldh;. gpwF gy tifahd fha;fwp tpijfs; tpijf;fg;gl;ld.
,e; j fpuhkj; j py; xU ,izg; G f; F Oit cUthf;Ftjw;F 12 ngz;fs; Kd; te;jdh;. bLy; g hz; b iag; NghyNt> NkYk; ,uz; L
mth;fs; me;je;j gUtfhyq;fspy; tpisak; fha;fwpfs; kw;Wk; fPiufNshL gaphpl Muk;gpj;jdh;. Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; kf;Yit yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
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If;fpa ehLfspd; czT kw;Wk; Ntshz;ik epWtdj;jpd;gb> Mz;fSf;F gad;ghl;by; cs;s mNj msT ts Mjhuq;fs; ngz;fsplk; ,Ue;jhy; Ntshz;ikapy; kf#y; vd;gJ 20-30 tpOf;fhL mjpfhpj;J ,e;j cynfq;fpYk; gl;bdpahy; ,Uf;Fk; 150 kpy;ypad; kf;fis mjpypUe;J tpLtpf;fyhk;. jiyikahf nfhz;l FO ,izg;Gf;FOtpd; mbg;gil Nehf;fkhd jq;fspd; FLk;gj;jpd; czT Njit Nghf fha; f wpfis tpw; w jpy; &. 25000 tUkhdk; ngw;wdh;. mLj;j tUlq;fspy; mth;fs; NkYk; rpy fha;fwpfis ney;gapNuhL Nrh;jJ ; rhFgb nra;jdh;. mth;fspd; tUkhdk; &. 50000 Mf cah;e;jJ. mjid mth;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; rkkhf gphpj;J nfhz;ldh;. ,Nj Nghy; kw;w ,izg;Gf;FOf;fSk; tUkhdk; <l;bdh;. ,e;j tUlk;> kf#y; kw;Wk; tUkhdk; fle;j tUlj;ij fhl;bYk; NkYk; ,ul;bg;ghFk; vd mf;FOf;fs; ek;Gfpd;wdh;. ‘vq;fSf;F mJ xU Gjpa Muk;gk;. ehq;fs; vq; f spd; nrhe; j epyj; j py; vq; f Sf; f hf Nrh; e ; J Ntiy nra; N thk; vd xU NghJk; epidj;jjpy;iy. vq;fspd; gaph;fspy; Kjypy; fha;fs; fha;j;j me;j ehis ghh;j;jjpy; ,Ue;J vq;fspd; czh;Tfis mlf;f Kbatpy;iy. vq;fs; midtUf;Fk; mJ xU kwf;f Kbahj ehs;” vd;W kf;Y epidT $Wfpwhh;. ‘vdJ nrhe; j fl; L g; g hl; b y; cs; s xU Ntiyapy; ehd; <Lgl; L s; N sd; vd; g jhy; Kjy; Kiwahf vd;idg; gw;wp ehNd ngUikahf czh;fpNwd;. ehq;fs; midtUk; fbdkhd Ntiyia nra;J vq;fs; gaph;fis ghJfhj;Njhk;. jw;NghJ Foe;ijfs; jpdKk; gy tifahd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; kpf;f fha;fwpfis ngWfpwhh;fs;” vd;fpwhh; rhUkzp. ,e;j nray;ghl;by; kpf Kf;fpakhd ntspg;ghL vd; d ntd; w hy; ,e; j gFjpapy; 30 ngz; tptrhapfs; cUthfp ,Ug;gjhFk;. jpl;lj;jpd; FOtplk; ,Ue; J njhlh; e ; J fpilj; J tUk; MjuT kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy;fspdhy;> Ntshz;ikf;F Njitahd jpwikfis ,e;j ,izg; G f; F Of; f s; ngw; w NjhL> mth; f s; jiyikj;Jt gz;GfisAk; fw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;. gbg;gbahf ,e;j ngz;fs; mth;fis jq;fs; 12
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
FLk;gj;jpw;F kl;Lky;yhJ mth;fspd; fpuhkq; f Sf; F k; KbntLf; F k; egh; f shf fz;lwpe;jdh;.
vjph;fhyj; jpl;lk; mth; f spd; ghpNrhjidfSf; F fpilj; j ntw; w pia njhlh; e ; J > ,e; j epWtdkhdJ jw; N ghJ ,jid mth; f s; gzp nra; A k; kw;w gFjpfSf;Fk; tphpthf;fk; nra;a jpl;lkpl;Ls;sdh;. tpij tq;fpfs; mikj;jJ> epyj;ij Rw;wp kio ePiu mWtil nra;tjw;fhf gs;sq;fis Njhz;baJ kw;Wk; fhl;L tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J gaph;fis fhg;gjw;fhf Gjpa eltbf;iffs; mz;ikapy; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mz;ikapy; vLf;fg;gl;l Ma;tpd;gb gph;ghk; gFjpapy; 14>854 n`f; N lUf; F k; Nkw; g l; l epyq;fs; jhprhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j epyq;fs; ngUk; g hYk; gad; g Lj; j g; g lhj epyq; f shf ,Uf;fpd;wd. rp.v];. Mh;. V ,e;j gad;ghl;by; ,y;yhj jhpR epyq;fis $l;L kw;Wk; epiyj;j Ntshz; i k %yk; cw; g j; j pf; F nfhz; L tu tpUk; G fpwJ. ‘ehq; f s; Ntshz; i kia FLk;gj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;l mZFKiwahf khw;wp ,e;j gFjpapy; cs;s ,lk; ngah;T gpur;ridfSf;F jPht ; hf nfhz;L tu Nahrpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;”> vd;fpwhh; gpubd;. ekJ ehl;bd; Ntshz; cw;gj;jpf;F ngz;fs; ngUkstpy; gq;fspf;fpd;wdh;> Mdhy; mth; f s; ,d; D k; Kiwg; g b tptrhapfshf mq; f P f hpf; f g; g ltpy; i y. ,e; j fUj; J Nghf Ntz;Lk; vd ehq;fs; tpUk;GfpNwhk; vd;fpwhh;> Mf; \ d; va; L ,e; j pahtpd; epyk; kw; W k; tho;thjhu mwpTf;fhd ikaj;jpd; jiyth; gp. uF. If; f pa ehLfspd; czT kw; W k; Ntshz; i k epWtdj; j pd; g b> Mz; f Sf; F gad;ghl;by; cs;s mNj msT ts Mjhuq;fs; ngz;fsplk; ,Ue;jhy; Ntshz;ikapy; kf#y; vd; g J 20-30 tpOf; f hL mjpfhpj; J ,e; j cynfq; f pYk; gl; b dpahy; ,Uf; F k; 150 kpy;ypad; kf;fis mjpypUe;J tpLtpf;fyhk;. Saroj Kumar Pattnaik Communications Manager Action Aid India R-7, Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi - 110016 E-mail: sarojskp1@gmail.com saroj.pattnaik@actionaid.org %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2015> thy;a+k; 17> ,jo; 4
ehuhazk;kh thpirf;F Vw;g ney; ehw;iw eLfpd;whh;.
Kd;dpd;W topelj;Jjy;; my;Y ehuhazk;khtpd; fij uQ;rpjh Fkud; kw;Wk; rpt fpU\;z ghG ngz;fs; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f hPjpahf mjpfhuk; ngWk; NghJ mth;fs; rhjfkhd khw;wq;fSf;F Mw;wy; kpf;f rf;jpahf cUntLf;fpd;wdh;. ,q;F $wg;gl;Ls;s my;Y ehuhazk;khtpd; fij mtUf;F epiyj;j Ntshz;ikapd; kPJ nfhz;l Mh;tk; Fwpj;j gazj;jpy; ek;ik mioj;J nry;fpwJ. my;Y ehuhazk;khtpw;F cs;s xNu nrhj;J 3 Vf;fh; twz;L Nghd epyk;. ,jpy; ghjp epyg;ug;gpy; khdhthhpapy; new;gaph; gaphplg;gLfpwJ. kPjk; cs; s epyj; j py; kpfTk; Fiwthd kf#y;
nfhLf;Fk; kh kuq;fs; cs;sd. gz;izapy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; tUkhdk; vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; rpwpaJ. FL;kg ; j;jpd; tUkhdj;jpw;F kpfg;nghpa tUkhdk; vd;gJ $yp Ntiyf;F> Fwpg;ghf yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
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kfhj; k h fhe; j p Njrpa Cuf Ntiytha; g ; G cWjpaspg;G jpl;lk; %yk; fpilg;gJjhd;. mthpd; fzth; fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s kw;wth;fNshL Nrh;eJ ; F[uhj; khepyj; j pw; F fpzW Mog; g Lj; J k; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;s ,lk;ngah;e;J nrd;WtpLthh;. FLk;gj;ij ghJfhf;Fk; KO nghWg;Gk; ,tUilaJ. ,Jjhd; Me;jpu gpuNjr khepyj;jpy; =fhf;Fyk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s uh[k; kz;lypy; cs;s [P rp gs;sp fpuhkj;jpy; cs; s my; Y ehuhazk; k h kw; W k; mtuJ FLk;gj;jpd; epiy.
tp.vg;.V %yk; if nfhLf;fg;gl;l cjtp Mh;. vg; gP.I. n[ (hpiyad;]; gTz;Nlrd; ghuj; ,e;jpah R+Nlh)> fpuhkg;Gw khw;wk; vd;fpw jpl;lk; [P.rp gs;sp vd;w fpuhkj;jpy; Rarhh;Gila kw;Wk; epiyj;j khjphpfSf;fhd KOikahd njhiyNehf;F ghh;itNahL $ba tsh;r;rpia nfhz;L Jtq;fg;gl;lJ. 2010 Mk; Mz;L Jtq;fpa ,e;j jpl;lj;jpy; Mh;. vg; Ntshz; FLk; g q; f Sf; F mth; f is Vo; i kapypUe; J ntspf; nfhz;L tUtijAk;> Ntshz;ikia cWjpahd tho; t hjhuj; j pw; f hd topahf ,yf;fhf nfhz;Lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 2009-10 Mk; Mz;by; [P. rp gs;sp fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s tptrhapfs; Afhz;jhh; fpuhk tptrha rq; f k; vd; w mikg; G cUthf; f g; g l; l J. FLk; g j; j pd; gpujpepjpfshf Mz; kw; W k; ngz; (mjhtJ fztd; kw; W k; kidtp) xt; n thUtUk; mikg; g pd; cWg; g pdh; f shf Nrh;f;fg;gl;ldh;. FLk;gj;jpd; cWg;gpdh;fs; ,ul;il cWg;gpdh;fis cWjpg;gLj;Jtjpy; ghypd jilfis cilg;gjw;fhf kl;Lkd;wp> tsh; r ; r pg; gzpfspy; ngz; f s; gq; N fw; i g kw;Wk; jiyikg; nghWg;Gfis vLg;gjw;Fk;; nray;gLj;jpaJ. rf tptrhapfs; midtUk; tp.vg;.V tpy; Nrh;tij njhpe;J nfhz;l gpd;> ehuazk; k hTk; jhdhfNt mt; t ikg; g pd; cWg; g pduhf Nrh; e ; j hh; . Kjy; tUlj; j pd; nray; g hLfspy; Fiwthd Mh; t k; ,Ue; j NghjpYk; > mth; njhlh; e ; J $l; l q; f spy; gq;Nfw;whh;. ngz;fspd; Jhpjkhf gq;nfLg;ig mjpfhpf; f Afhz; j hh; tp.vg; . V ngz; f s; Kd;Ndw;wk; njhlh;ghf gapw;rpfis Vw;ghL nra; j J. gapw; r pfs; jhdhf $l; l q; f spy; gq; N fw; F k; ngz; cWg; g pdh; f s; kj; j papy; rhjfkhd mk;rq;fis ntspg;gLj;jp Fiwe;j gl; r k; khjk; xUKiw $l; l j; j py; tp.vg; . V nray;ghLfis gfph;eJ ; nfhs;sTk;> Kf;fpakhd gq;fhw;wTk; cjtpaJ. 14
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
caph;r# ; oYf;F cfe;j Ntshz;ik fUj;jhf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J nray;Kiwf;F efh;jj ; paJ Nkk; g Lj; j g; g l; l ce; J jNyhL ehuhazk; k h tp.vg;. V it jdJ jhpR epyj;ij rhFgb epykhf khw; W tjw; F k; > Ntshz; i kia epiyahd tUkhdk; jUk; xU njhopyhf khw; w Tk; MjuT Nfhhp mZfpdhh;. epiyj;j Ntshz; njhopw;El;gq;fs; njhlh;ghd gapw;rpfspYk; mth; Mh;tKld; gq;Nfw;whh;. Ntshz;ikf;Fk; mjd; tho;thjhuj;jpw;Fk; kz; MNuhf;fpaj;ij Nkk;gLj;JtNj kpf Kf;fpakhd mk;rk; vd;gij cWjpahf ek;gpdhh;. jdJ Mh; t j; j pd; fhuzkhf ehuhazk; k h epiyj;j Ntshz; njhopy;El;gq;fspy; rpwe;j gapw;rp ngw;W Njwpdhh;. mth; kz; khjphpfis Nrfhpg;gjpYk;> kz; ghpNrhjid mwpf;iffis Ma; T nra; t jpYk; > tpij Kisg; G j; j pwd; ghpNrhjid> tpij Neh;j;jp> ,aw;if ,LnghUl; f shd gQ; r fhtpah> Ntg; g piy fiury; kw; W k; [P t hkph; j k; Nghd; w tw; i w jahhpg;gjpYk; Njh;r;rp ngw;whh;. ,aw;if ,LnghUl;fis jahhpg;gjpy; cs; s #j; j puq; f is mthpd; cd; d pg; g hd Kaw;rpfshy; nra;J ghh;jJ ; mtw;iw jdJ ney; taYf;F gad;gLj;jpaJ ey;y KbTfis je;jJ. twl; r pahd #oypYk; mthpd; ehw; w q; f hy; ghjpg; G milahky; jg; g p gpioj; j J. ,J mtiu ,LnghUl;fSf;fhd nrytpdq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhd cj;Ntfj;ij mspj;jJ. mth; jdJ gz;izapy; ,urhad g+r;rpf; nfhy;ypfs; kw;Wk; cuq;fspd; gad;ghl;il Fiwj;J mjd; thapyhf epiyj;j kw;Wk; caph;r# ; oYf;F cfe;j njhopw;El;gq;fis Nehf;fp Kd;Ndw;wk; fhz njhlq;fpdhh;. mthpd; nry;thf;fpdhy;> ngz; cWg;gpdhh;fs; FOthf te;J ,aw;if cuq;fs; jahhpf;Fk; Kiwfis mth;fspd; gapUf;F Njitg;gLk; tifapy; gad;gLj;j njhlq;fpdh;. ,e;j Kaw;rpahdJ ngz;fs; jq;fSf;F ey;y cwTfis tsh; j ; J f; nfhs; s Tk; > tp.vg; . V it xU gykhd kw;Wk; epiyahd mikg;ghf fl;likf;fTk; cjtpaJ. vg;NghJk; KbTwhj mthpd; fw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Mh;tk; epiyj;j Ntshz; njhopw;El;gq;fs; njhlh;ghd midj;J gapw;rpfspYk; mtiu fye;J nfhs;s itj;jJ. ney; gaphpy; epiyj;j njhopw;El;gq;fis fw;Wk;> mtw;iw kw;w jhtu #j;jpuq;fNshL gad;gLj;jp nfhs;sTk; nra;jhh;.
ehuhazk;kh tpij cw;gj;jpia Nkw;nfhs;fpwhh;
mth; thpir elT nra;J mjpy; rhd;wspf;fg;gl;l tpijfis gad; g Lj; j p mjd; thapyhf ney; cw;gj;jpapy; <Lgl;lJ xU jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ. tp.vg;. V mikg;Gf;Fs;Sk;> kw;w gf;fj;J ez;gh;fSf;Fk; ,urhad gad;gLj;jhj caph; r ; # oYf; F cfe; j Ntshz; i kia gpd;gw;Wtjpy; vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf epd;whh;. caph; r ; # oypaNyhL Ntiy nra; t J jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;Fk;> fpuhkj;jpw;Fk;> Rw;Wr;#oYf;Fk; gadspf; f f; $ baJ vd; g ij mth; Mokhf ek;Gfpwhh;. mtuJ njhlh;rr ; pahd Kaw;rpfs; xU n`f;NlUf;F 16-18 Ftpz;lhy;/Vf;fh; vd;w Ke;ija epiyapy; ,Ue;J xU n`f;NlUf;F 24 Ftpz;lhy; vd mNkhf tpisr;ry; fpilj;jJ. mtuJ epfu tUkhdk; &.850 ypUe;J &. 16450 Mf mjpfhpj;J mJ mthpd; FLk;g cWg;gpdh;fisAk; ,e;j Ntiyapy; ,izj;J nfhs; s itj; j J. jhprhf fpile; j epyk; FLk;gj;jpd; Efh;Tf;F Njitg;gLk; gaW tif gaph;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju czT nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; mstpw;F Kd;Ndw;wk; mile;Js;sJ.
gaph; cw;gj;jpia jhz;b ntspr;re;ijia ek;gpapUg;gij Fiwg;gjw;fhf tp.vg;.V Mjutspj;j xU Kf;fpakhf nray;ghL tptrhapfs; jq; f spd; nrhe; j tpijfis jhq;fNs cw;gj;jp nra;tjhFk;. tpij gutyhf;fj;jpy; cs;s njhopw;El;g mk;rq;fspy;
mspf;fg;gl;l gapw;rpfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;l tpij cw; g j; j pahsh; f spy; ,tUk; xUth; . tpij cw;gj;jpf;fhf xJf;fp nra;j xU Vf;fh; epyj;jpy; ,th; 27 Ftpz;lhy; tpij tpisr;riy ngw;whh;. ,e;j tpijfs; tp.vg;.V mikg;gpd; 68 cWg;gpdh;fs; 90 Vf;fhpy; ney; gaphpl tpijahf (vk;. b. A -1001 ufk;) nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J fpuhkj; j pd; nkhj; j tpijj; Njitapy; 50 tpOf;fhlhFk;. mthpd; Mh;tk; ,uz;lhtJ tUlj;jpNy mtiu tp.vg; . V tpd; nraw; F Otpd; cWg; g pduhf Njh;en ; jLf;f itj;jJ. mth; rf tptrhapfSf;F ,aw;if Ntshz; njhopw;El;g #j;jpuq;fs; Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzh;T Cl;LtjpYk;> mth;fs; kj;jpapy; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;JtjpYk; ngUk; gq;F tfpj;jhh;. kw;w tptrhapfSf;F jdJ mwpit mth; gfph;eJ ; nfhs;s Muk;gpj;J gapw;rp mspj;jhh;. mthpd; Mh;tj;jpw;F mq;fPfhuk; mspf; F k; tpjkhf caph; r ; # oYf; F cfe; j
‘Kd;G fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s fj;jphp kw;Wk; gPd] ; ; kl;LNk cz;Nlhk;. Mdhy; jw;NghJ> 10 tif fha;fwpfis> tPlL ; Nkw;$iuapy;> kpf Fiwe;j nrytpy; cw;gj;jp nra;J cz;fpNwhk;” vd;W ehuhazk;kh $wpdhh;. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
15
Ntshz; Kiwfs; Fwpj;j mthpd; mwpit khtl; l mstpyhd $l; l q; f s; > Ntshz; mwptpay; ikaq;fspy; elf;Fk; njhopw;El;g mkh; T fs; > Mj; k h kw; W k; tptrha gapw; r p ikaq;fspy; tha;g;Gfs; toq;fg;gl;lJ. tp.vg;. V apd; nray;gLk; ngz; cWg;gpduhf ,Ug;gjhy; czT cj;jputhjk; kw;Wk; Cl;lr;rj;J cj;jputhjk; Nghd;w fUj;Jfis ikakhf nfhz;l $l;lq;fis xUq;fpizf;Fk; nghWg; G fis mth; mikg; g py; cs; s kw; w cWg;gpdh;fNshL Nrh;e;J vLj;jhh;. mth; NkYk; jdJ epGzj;Jtj;ij khbj; Njhl;lk; mikg;gjpy; nray;gLj;jp jdJ FLk;gj;jpd; fha; f wp Njitia g+h; j ; j p nra; A kstpw; F tsh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fis mikg;gjpy; Kd;Ndhb gq;if Mw;wp FLk;gq;fSf;F NghJkhd Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; fpilg; g ij cWjp nra; j hh; . fpl; l j; j l; l 7-12 tifahd fha; f wpfs; tsh; f ; f g; g l; L cWg;gpdh;fshy; jpdrhp Efug;gl;lJ. mtuJ mwpT kw;Wk; fbdkhd ciog;G mtiu tp.vg; . V apd; cWg; g pdh; vd; g jpy; ,Ue; J Jizj; jiyth; mstpw;F cah;j;jpaJ. mth; nraw;FOit njhlh;e;J $l;lq;fs; Vw;ghL nra; J gpur; r idfis Ghpe; J nfhs; s Tk; > tp.vg; . V apd; tsh; r ; r p Fwpj; j tprhykhd Kd; N dhf; F ld; nry; t jw; f hd topfis jpwikahf tsh;j;J nfhz;lhh;. mth; jdJ rf cWg;gpdh;fNshL ,ize;J nfhz;L te;j xU kpf Kf;fpakhd r%f khw;wk; vd;gJ [P.rp gs;sp fpuhkj;jpy; rhuhak; tpw;fg;gLtij jil nra;jJjhd;.
16
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
ek;gpf;ifapd; fyq;fiu tpsf;fk; jw;NghJ my;Y ehuhazk;kh mthpd; ,iltplh Kaw;rpfSf;fhf ,e;j gFjpapy; cs;s midj; J fpuhk kf; f shYk; > ngz; f shYk; kjpf;fg;gLfpd;w Gfo;ngw;w kdpjuhf jpfo;fpwhh;. mthpd; fpuhkj;jpy; kl;Lky;yhJ mUfhikapy; cs;s fpuhkq;fSf;Fk; xU tsk; ngw;w eguhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. mtuJ fztUk; ,lk; ngah;tij tpl; L tpl; L gz; i zapy; Ntiyapy; <Lgl Jtq;fptpl;lhh;. fpuhkj;jpd; mikg;gpw;F my;Y ehuhazk;kh xU nrhj;jhfTk;> kw;w ngz;fSf;F cj;Ntfk; mspg;gtuhfTk; cs;shh;. jw;NghJ tp.vg;. Vtpy; 160 cWg;gpdh;fs; xU Jizf;FOtpw;F 15 egh;fs; vd10 Jizf;FOf;fshf cs;sdh;. Jizf; F Of; f hs; jw; N ghJ KOikahd tsh;r;rpf;fhd Mh;tyh;fshf ,Ue;J jq;fspd; tho;it Nkk;gLj;j murpd; jpl;lq;fis ngw;W jUtjpy; gzpfis Jtf;fpAs;sdh;. Ranchitha Kumaran and Siva Krishna Babu Reliance Foundation RCP, Project Office, 1st floor Ghansoli, Navi Mumbai- 400701 Email: ranchitha.kumaran@reliancefoundation.org Siva.Dhul@reliancefoundation.org %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2015> thy;a+k; 17> ,jo; 4
nrk;ik ney; rhFgb: ngz;fspd; tho;it khw;wpaikf;Fk; xU eilKiw rgh;kjp bfp cynfq;Fk; fpl;lj;jl;l xU Nfhb kf;fs; ney; rhFgbapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;. mth;fspy; ghjp Ngh; ngz;fs;. mth;fs; ,d;Dk; ntWk; fhNyhLk;> mbg;gil cgfuzkhf jq;fspd; ifia nfhz;Lk; Ntiyia njhlh;e;J nra;J tUfpwhh;fs;. ,e;j ngz;fspd; cly; hPjpahd xl;Lnkhj;j Rikia nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Nghd;w Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; mZFKiwfs; %yk; Fiwj;Js;sJ. ehd; vdJ rpWtaJ KjNy mhprpia cz;Lk;> mhprp tpistpf;Fk; Ntshz; fyhr;rhuj;ij mDgtpj;Jk; tsh;e;jts;. vg;gb tptrhapfs; kw;Wk; tptrhaf; $ypfs;> ngUk;ghYk; ngz;fs; gy ehl; f s; ,Lg; G xbaf; $ ba Ntiyia ntapy;> kio> kw;Wk; Fsph; fhyq;fspy; kw;w gy NtiyfNshL nra; J tUfpd; w hh; f s; vd; g ij ftdpj; J te; J s; N sd; . mhprpia tpistpf;f ngz;fs; 27 Kjy; 84 tpOf;fhL tiu jq;fs; ciog;ig nfhLj;J> ngUk;ghYk; mit $yp nfhLf;fg;glhj> mq;fPfhpf;fg;glhj gzpahf ,Ug;gjhy; ‘mhprp ngz;fspd; KJfpy; tpistpf;fgLtjhfNt” cs;sJ. jq; f spd; cliy KjyP l hf itj; J kw; w midj; J gzpfisAk; cUthf; f p nra; A k; tptrhaf; $ ypfs; jhd; cz; i kahd ce; J rf;jpfs;. Jujp\;ltrkhf mth;fspd; %yjdk; ghuhl;b tsh;j;njLg;gjw;F gjpyhf Fiwj;J kjpg;gplg;gLfpwJ. cynfq;Fk; fpl;lj;jl;l xU Nfhb kf;fs; ney; rhFgbapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh;. mth;fspy; ghjp Nguhfpa ngz;fNs ekf;F cztspf;fpd;wdh;. xU Nfhbapy; ghjpf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fs; vd;gJ kpfg;nghpa kf;fs; njhif xU njhopw; E l; g j; j py; <Lgl; L mjd; jhf; f j; i j ngw; w pUg; g J. MapDk; > E}w;whz;Lfshf> ney; rhFgbapy; ngz;fspd; Ntiyj; jd; i k vd; g J tphptilahkNy cs;sJ. mth;fs; ,d;Dk; ntWk; fhNyhLk;> mbg; g il cgfuzkhf jq; f spd; ifia nfhz;Lk; rpwpjsT mhpths; kw;Wk; ,ju rpy cgfuzq;fspd; Jiz nfhz;Lk; jq;fspd; Ntiyia njhlh; e ; J nra; J tUfpwhh; f s; . ,jDld; NkYk; Neha; f s; > Cl; l r; r j; J gw;whf;Fiw kw;Wk; ,ju FLk;g gzpr;RikfSk; if Nfhh;jJ ; f; nfhs;fpd;wd. ,jd; gpd;dzpapy;> nrk; i k ney; rhFgb vd; f pw ney; rhFgb Kiwia ngz;fspd; cly; rhh;ej ; kw;Wk; ghypd
gpur;ridfs; Ghpe;Jnfhs;shky; Gwf;fzpj;J tpl KbAkh?
khwpa gzpr;#oypy; gzpapd; mDgtk; nrk;ik ney; rhFgb vd;gJ Ntshz; caph;r;#oiy mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ney; gaphpLk; KiwahFk;. ,J tptrhapfs; Fiwe;j jz;zPh;> tpij kw;Wk; ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; nghJthf Fiwthd $ypahl;fis gad;gLj;jp mjpf tpisr;ris ngWtjw;F cjTfpwJ. ,jd; Kf;fpakhd ghpe;Jiu vd;gJ ,sk; ehw;Wfis> mjpf ,ilntspapy;> mbf;fb fis vLj;J> $Lkhdtiu jz;zPiu mjpfk; epWj;jhky; <ug; g jj; i j guhkhpj; J k; > tptrhapfspd; nray;Kiwfs; kw;Wk; ek;gpf;ifNahL rw;W NtWgl;L kz;zpd; tsj;ij ,aw;if Ntshz; KiwfNshL Nkyhz;ik nra;tJ Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpajhFk;. ,e;j NtWgl;l nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; mJ njhlh;ghd gzp epiyfs; clw;hPjpahf khWgl;l mDgtq;fis cUthf;FfpwJ. ,e;j nray;ghLfs; cz;ikapy; vg;gb nra;ag;gLfpwJ> Vd; khWgl;l jhf;fq;fs; cUthfpd;wd vd;gJ fPNoAk;> mjd; fzf;fPL tptuq;fs; ml;ltiz 1y; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khwpa gzpr; #oypy;> gzpapd; mDgtj;ij Ghpe;J nfhs;s> epiwa mstPLfspy; mjhtJ
xU Vf;fhpy; ngz;fs; Fdpe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;J fis gwpf;f 130-160 kzp Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk; Ntisapy; ,ae;jpu fisg; gwpf;Fk; fUtp nfhz;L fis vLf;fg;gLtjhy; xU Vf;fUf;F 16-25 kzp Neuk; kl;LNk nrytplg;gLfpwJ. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
17
gzp #oy; > me; j #oypy; nrytplg; g l; l Neuk;> Njhuizfs;> ,e;j NjhuizfSf;F nrytplg;gl;l Neuk;> ifahsg;gl;l nghUl;fspd; msT kw;Wk; vil> gzp gFjp (c.k;> ehw;wq;fhy; msT> tptrha $ypfs; ele;J tUtjw;fhd njhiyT kw;Wk; ghypd rkj;Jtj;NjhL $ba gzp gq;nfLg;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; mjpf ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;lJ. nrk;ik ney; rhFgbapy; mjpf ,ilntsp tpl;L eLtjhy; gaph; vz;zpf;if ngUksT Fiwf; f g; g LfpwJ. ,J Fiwthd tpij gad; g hL (2-3 fpNyh/Vf; f Uf; F ) kw; W k; ehw; W fis tsh; g ; g jw; F rpwpa mstpyhd ehw; w q; f hy; Nghd; w it FiwfpwJ. rpwpa ehw;wq;fhy; vd;gJ nkhj;jkhf Ntiyg;gSit Fiwg;gij Fwpf;fpwJ. NkYk;> ,sk; ehw;Wf;fs; (8-15 ehl;fs;) ehw;wq;fhypypUe;J elg;gLtjhy; mit kpfTk; ftdkhf gpLq;fp cldbahf elg;gl Ntz;Lk;> ehw;wq;fhYk; elT taYf;F mUfhikapy; jahh; nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,J ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J elT taYf;F ehw;Wfis vLj;J tUtjw;F cs;s J}uj;ij Fiwf;fpwJ. NkYk; ehw;Wfspd; taJ Fiwthf cs;sjhYk;> mtw;wpd; vz;zpf;if Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhYk;> ehw;Wfspd; vilAk; Nyrhf ,Uf;fpwJ. xU Fj; J f; F kpfTk; Fiwthd ehw; W fs; (1-2 ehw;Wfs;) kl;LNk elg;gLtjhy; elT nra;Ak; $ypj; njhopyhsh;fSk; mjpf Neuk; Nrw;wpy; epw;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. mjpf ,ilntsp tpl; L eLtjhy; mjpf fisfs; tsh; f pd; w J. vdNt> mtw; i w fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F ifahy; fisnaLf;Fk; NghJ mjpf Neuk; vLg;gjhy;> nrk;ik ney; rhFgbapy; fisf; f Utpia gad; g Lj; J tJ vd;gJ nghJthf cs;sJ. fisf; fUtpfis gad;gLj;Jtjhy; fisfs; fl; L g; g Lj; j g; g LtNjhL NkYk; kz; z py; fhw;Nwhl;lj;ij mjpfhpj;J Nthpd; tsh;r;rpia Jhpjg; g Lj; j Tk; kw; W k; kz; z py; cs; s Ez;Zaph;fSf;F gadspf;fTk; nra;fpwJ. fisf; fUtpia gad;gLj;Jtjhy; vg;NghJk; Fdpe; N j fis vLf; F k; epiyapy; ,Ue; J ngz;fis Neuhf epd;w epiyapNy fis vLf;Fk; tifapy; khw;wp cs;sJ. rpwpa khw;wq;fshd nfhQ;rk; Ntiy-nfhQ;rk; Xa;T> gzp Neuk; FiwtJ> Fdpe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;J epkph;e;j epiy> ePh; Nrh;e;j epyj;jpy; epw;Fk; Neuj;ij Fiwg;gJ kw;Wk; Mz;fSk; ifahy; fis vLf; F k; tifapy; mth; f spd; gq; n fLg; i g mjpfhpj;Jk; Nghd;w fhuzq;fshy; ngz;fspd; cly; Rikia ngUkstpy; Fiwf;fpwJ. 18
yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
nrk;ik ney; rhFgbapd; gad;fs; ghpe; J iuf; f g; g l; l njhopw; E l; g q; f s; ve; j mstpw; F filgpbf; f g; g Lfpd; w J vd; g ij nghUj;Nj mikfpwJ. tptrhapfis nghUj;j kl;by; mth;fs; midj;J ghpe;JiufisAk; xt; n thU tUlKk; gpd; g w; W tJ vd; g J vg; N ghJNk rhj; jpakpy; i y. cjhuzj; j pw; F> tajhd ngz;fs; fisf; fUtpfis gad; g Lj; J tjw; F gjpyhf ifahy; fis vLg;gijNa njhlh;e;J filgpbj;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. MfNt> mth;fs; fis vLf;Fk; NghJ Vw;gLk; typapy; ,Ue;J ,d;Dk; tpLgl Kbatpy;iy. Mdhy; mth;fs; ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J ehw;Wfis gwpf;Fk; NghJk;> mtw;iw elT nra;Ak; NghJk;> ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J elT taYf;F Fiwe;j vil nfhz;l ehw;Wfis vLj;J tUk; NghJk; mth;fspd; typ Fiwtij czUfpd;wdh;. nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Kiwapy; mhprp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; tptrhapfs; nghJthf kfpo;rr ; pahf ,Uf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy; tptrhaf; $ypfs; mWtil nra; A k; NghJ fl; L fs; mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhy; mtw;iw ifahStJ rpukkhf cs;sjhf njhptpf;fpd;wdh;. ml;ltiz 1y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sgb> nrk;ik ney; rhFgbahdJ> mbg;gilapy; ngz;fs; gzp nra;Ak; #oypy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. nrk;ik ney; rhFgb njhopw;El;gj;jpy; ney; tay; f s; ,dpNkYk; njhlh; e ; J jz; z P i u mjpf msT epWj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;gjhy; ngz;fs; mjpf Neuk; taypy; epd;W mjdhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fspy; ,Ue;J mth;fis tpLtpf;fpwJ. ,g;NghJ eilKiwapy; cs;s jz; z P i u mjpf msT epWj; j Ntz; b a epiyapy; ngz;fs; nghJthf xU Vf;fhpy; 400500 kzp Neuk; Fdpe;J nfhz;Nl ehw;Wfis gwpj;Jk;> ehw;Wfis vLj;J nry;tjpYk;> elT taypy; eLtjpYk; > fis gwpf; F k; NghJk; epw;f Ntz;b tUk;. ney; tay;fspy; jz;zPh; mjpfkhf epWj;jp mjpy; ngz;fs; neL Neuk; epw;Fk; NghJ> Neha;fs; mjpfhpg;gjw;F mjpf tha;g;G ,Ug;gjhy;> mjd; thapyhf mth;fspd; cly; MNuhf;fpak; ghjpg;giltNjhL> Ntiy nra; A k; jpwd; FiwtNjhL> tUkhdKk; Fiwe; J > mth; f s; rk; g hjpf; F k; gzj; i j cly; ghjpg;GfSf;fhf nrytplg;gLtNjhL> rpy Neuq;fspy; mth;fis fldhspahfTk; Mf;fptpLfpwJ. nrk; i k ney; rhFgb tay; f spy; mth; f s; Ntiy nra;Ak; ehl;fspy; mth;fspd; iffs; kw;Wk; fhy;fspy; njhw;Wf;fs; kw;Wk; cly;
ml;ltiz 1: ngz;fs; nra;Ak; gzpfs; Fwpj;j XH; xg;gPL gzpfs;
nrk;ik ney; rhFgb Kiw
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ehw;wq;fhypy; jz;zPiu Njf;f Ntz;ba Njitapy;iy.
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ngz;fs; ehw;Wfis gwpg;gjw;fhf Fdpe;j epiyapy; my;yJ jz;zPh; epiwe;j Nrw;wpy; mkh;e;J> Nth;fspy; ,Ue;J kz;iz Rj;jk; nra;J> gpwF fl;Lfshf fl;l Ntz;Lk;. mjpf ehl;fs; Md ehw;Wfis gpLq;Ftjw;F mjpf rf;jpAk;> NeuKk; Njitg;gLk;. elNtz;ba ehw;Wfs; ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J elT taYf;F vLj;Jr; nry;y Ntz;Lk;. Mz;fs; 8-100 fpNyh tiu vil nfhz;l ehw;Wf; fl;LfisAk;> ngz;fs; 7-30 fpNyh tiu vil nfhz;l fl;Lfis vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; Nghf;Ftuj;J KiwfSf;F jFe;jhw; Nghy; nfhz;L nry;y Ntz;Lk;. xU Vf;fUf;F Njitg;gLk; ehw;Wfspd; vil 400 Kjy; 1200 fpNyh > ngUk;ghYk; ,jid jiyapy;> Njhs;fspy;> tz;bapy; kw;Wk; irf;fps;fspy; nfhz;L nrd;W elT taypy; gug;gptpl Ntz;Lk;. ehw;wq;fhypy; ,Ue;J ehw;Wfis gpLq;fp elT taYf;F nfhz;L nry;tjw;F 80 -150 kzp Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
ehw;Wfis eLk; NghJ ngz;fs; 150-300 fpuhk; vil nfhz;l ehw;Wfis ifapy; gpbj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; ,sk; ehw;Wfis Nrw;wpy; mfd;w ,ilntspapy; el Ntz;Lk;. xU epkplj;jpw;F 6-10 ehw;Wfis el Ntz;Lk;. xU Vf;fh; eLtjw;F 70-90 kzpNeuk; nrytplg;gLfpwJ.
ehw;Wfis eLk; NghJ ngz;fs; 1-1.5 fpNyh vil nfhz;l mjpf taJila ehw;Wfis ifapy; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. neUf;fkhf eLtjhy; ngz;fs; xU epkplj;jpw;F 40 Kjy; 50 Kiw Nrw;wpy; jq;fspd; iffis kzpf;fl;Ltiu Kf;fp vLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,ae;jpu fisg; gwpf;Fk; fUtp nfhz;L fis vLf;fg;gLtjhy; xU Vf;fUf;F 16-25 kzp Neuk; nrytplg;gLfpwJ. tptrhapfs; nghJthf 2-3 Kiw fis vLf;fpd;wdh;.
xU Vf;fh; fis gwpf;f ngz;fs; Fdpe;j epiyapy; ,Ue;J fis gwpf;f 130-160 kzp Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
ehw;Wfis xU Vf;fh; eLtjw;F 120 Kjy; 150 kzp Neuk; nrytplg;gLfpwJ.
NkYk; fisfs; tsh;tij nghUj;J $Ljyhf xU Kiw ifahy; fis gwpf;f 5-9 kzp Neuk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
typapd; jPtpuk; FiwtjhfTk;> rikg;gjw;Fk;> rhg;gpLtjw;Fk;> Xa;ntLg;gjw;Fk; epiwa Neuk; fpilg;gjhfTk; ngz;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;. Kf;fpakhf mth;fs; njhptpf;Fk; fhuzq;fspy; jz; z P h ; Njq; F k; tay; f spy; mjpf Neuk; mth; f spd; iffs; kw; W k; fhy; f s; ,Uf; f
Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy vd;Wk;> ifahy; fisnaLg;G Nghd;w rpy gzpfspy; Mz;fspd; gq;nfLg;gpdhy; mth;fspd; Ntiyg;gSTk;> Ntiy NeuKk;> gzpapd; msTk; FiwtjhfTk; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;. yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
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ney; ehw;W eLtJ KOtJk; ngz;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
ftdk; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd Njit
ed;wpfs;
nrk; i k ney; rhFgb Nghd; w Ntshz; caph;r;#oy; mZFKiwfs; Vw;fdNt gpd;jq;fpa gphptpy; cs;s kf;fis Vo;ikf;Fk;> Neha;fSf;Fk; js;sptplhJ. ,e;j Fwpg;gplj;jf;f Kiwapyhd ney; rhFgb Fwpj;J kpfTk; rpwpa mstpy; kl;LNk tpthjq;fs; kw;Wk; juTfs; cs;sd. vdNt> ,jpy; NkYk; Muha;r;rpfs; Njitg; g LfpwJ. mJ NghyNt> tphpthf; f g; gzpfspy; <LgLk; epWtdq; f s; kj; j papy; ftdj; i j <h; j ; J njhopw; E l; g q; f s; kw; W k; cgfuzq; f is gad; g Lj; J k; NghJ mit Mz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;fis <LgLj;jp mth;fspd; cly; hPjpahf Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fisAk; fUj;jpy; nfhs; s Ntz; L k; . mth; f s; nropj; j hy; > Ntshz; i kAk; nropf; F k; . nrk; i k ney; rhFgbapd; #oy; jh; f ; f k; > cly; hP j pahd jh;f;fj;ijAk; ngw;Ws;sJ. vdNt cioj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ekJ ngz;fs; Fwpj;J jPtpukhf ftiy nfhz;bUe;jhy; ekf;F mjpf ftdk; Njitg;gLfpwJ.
vdJ Ma;Tf;fhd Cf;fKk;> fUj;Jf;fisAk; mspj;j nejh;yhe;J ehl;bd; thfdPd; gy;fiyf;fofk; vd;.lGs;A. X. - lGs;A.X.b.Mh;.X it Nrh;e;j Xyptpah ntd;l; kw;Wk; Kidth;. ehh;kd; cg;`hg; kw;Wk; jq;fspd; MjuitAk;> mwpitAk; gfph; e ; J nfhz; l ,e; j pahtpd; xhp];]h khepyj;jpd; rk;gtpy; cs;s vdJ rf gzpahsh;fSf;Fk; ed;wpfs;.
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yPrh ,e;jpah • ,jo; 4 • brk;gh; 2016
Sabarmatee Tiki works with Sambhav, a grassroots-level NGO focusing on environmental and gender issues in Odisha, India, and is pursuing her PhD at Wageningen University, The Netherlands (sabarmatee@gmail.com). %yk;: yPrh ,e;jpah> brk;gh; 2015> thy;a+k; 17> ,jo; 4