Hindi - June 2016 by LEISA India

u;k thou iznku djrh ikjEifjd o"kkZ ty laxzg.k iz.kkyh

çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

jonhi dkSj] izQqYy csgjk ,oa vi.kkZ nÙk 5 yk[kksa yksxksa dks lqjf{kr Hkkstu miyC/k djkus ds lkFk feV~Vh dh lsgr lq/kkjuk nhid lqpMs ,oa vkse ih0 :isyk 10 u;k thou inzku djrh ikjEifjd o"kkZ ty lx a gz.k i.zkkyh jonhi dkSj] izQqYy csgjk ,oa vi.kkZ nÙk

LFkkbZ Ñf"k [ksrh ls gksus okyh vkenuh ,oa vkthfodk ds fy, ty lalk/kuksa dk izHkkoh izcU/ku egRoiw.kZ gSA ikjEifjd o"kkZ ty laxzg.k <kapksa tSls [kkfnu ,oa uknh ds iqufuZekZ.k ds ek/;e ls] ckM+esj ds fdlkuksa us U;wure okf"kZd o"kkZ 200&250 feeh0 gksus ij Hkh o"kkZ flafpr [ksrh ls vkxs tkdj [ksrh dh gS vkSj [kk| lqj{kk esa ;ksxnku djus ds lkFk&lkFk yksxksa ds thouLrj dks Hkh mUur cukus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA

13 NksVs iz;kl ls cM+h lQyrk jke dqekj flag 14 Jh i)fr ls efgykvksa ds thou esa vk;k cnyko lkcjerh fVdh 18 lkeqnkf;d lg;ksx ls [kk| vlqj{kk dks pqukSrh Vh-ds- vkseuk

NksVs iz;kl ls cM+h lQyrk jke dqekj flag vlery] ijrh tehu dks ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ls tksM+dj [ksrh ;ksX; cukrs gq, NksVs o lhekUr fdlkuksa }kjk viuh vkthfodk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldrh gSA bls cqUnsy[k.M ds lykjiqj xkao ds fdlkuksa us fl) fd;k gS] tgka mUgksaus eujsxk ;kstuk ls tqM+ko LFkkfir dj vius [ksr esa rkykc fuekZ.k dj u flQZ viuh [ksrh dks lqjf{kr o lqfuf'pr fd;k] oju~ vkl&ikl ds fdlkuksa dks flapkbZ gsrq fdjk;s ij ikuh nsdj vfrfjDr vkenuh Hkh izkIr dhA

lkeqnkf;d lg;ksx ls [kk| vlqj{kk dks pqukSrh Vh0ds0 vkseuk

Jh i)fr ls efgykvksa ds thou esa vk;k cnyko lkcjerh fVdh

oSf'od :i ls ns[kk tk;s rks yxHkx 100 djksM+ yksx pkoy dh [ksrh ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj muesa ls yxHkx vk/kh efgyk,a gSa] tkss yxkrkj viuk dke fd;s tk jgh gSa] buesa ls vf/kdka'k vius gkFkksa esa gafl;k vkfn mBk;s [ksrksa dh rjQ uaxs iSjksa tkrh gSaA ,d Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrd ek/;e Jh fof/k efgykvksa ds 'kjhj ij yns dke ds bl cks> dks de dj ldrh gSA

efgykvksa dh {kerk ,oa vkRefo'okl c<+kdj] muds vUnj ekStwn n{krk dk mi;ksx dj rFkk iqupZdzhdj.k ds ek/;e ls Ñf"k vk/kkfjr xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, vko';d ,oa ,dhÑr lHkh xfrfof/k;ksa ds fy, lg;ksx iznku dj efgykvksa dks l'kDr cukrs gq, dsjy dh xjhc efgykvksa dh xjhch ds nyny ls ckgj fudkyus esa lg;ksx feyk gSA

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ØãU ¥¢·¤...

izp.M xfeZ;ksa ds fnu vkSj fpyfpykrh /kwi] bUgha ekSleh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa yht+k twu] 2016 dk fgUnh vad vkids le{k izLrqr gSA ,d rjQ xehZ fnu&izfrfnu vkSj o"kZ&nj o"kZ c<+rh tk jgh gS] rks nwljh rjQ ikuh dk Lrj Hkh fnuksafnu ?kVrk tk jgk gS] ,slh fLFkfr esa ikuh dk laj{k.k u flQZ [ksrh cpkus ds fy, vko”;d gS] oju~ thou cpkus ds fy, Hkh ,d igy gSA bl vad esa fdlkuksa us O;fDrxr :i ls [ksrh dks cpkus ds fy, ty laj{k.k xfrfof/k;ksa dks viuk;k gS] rks LFkkuh; Lrj ij LoSfPNd laxBuksa us ty cpkus ds fy, laj{k.k dh lkewfgd xfrfof/k;ksa dks lkeqnkf;d laxBuksa ds ek/;e ls c<+kok fn;k gSA if=dk dk igyk ys[k nhid lqpns ,oa vkse ih0 :isyk }kjk fyf[kr ^^yk[kksa yksxksa dks lqjf{kr Hkkstu miyC/k djkus ds lkFk feV~Vh dh lsgr lq/kkjuk** gSA bl ys[k esa ys[kd }; us tSfod [kkn ,oa dhVuk”kdksa ds iz;ksx rFkk izkd`frd lalk/kuksa ds cqf)eRrkiw.kZ mi;ksx ls feV~Vh dks moZjk ,oa iks"k.k ;qDr cukus dh ckr dh gS] rks jonhi dkSj] izQqYy csgjk ,oa vi.kkZ nRr }kjk fyf[kr nwljs ys[k ^^u;k thou iznku djrh ikjEifjd o"kkZ ty laxzg.k iz.kkyh** esa jktLFkku ds ckMesj ftys esa ikjEifjd ty laxzg.k iz.kkfy;ksa dks LFkkuh; LoSfPNd laxBuksa ds lg;ksx ls u;k thou iznku djrs gq, xzkeh.kkas us u flQZ [ksrksa ds fy, ty miyC/krk lqfuf”pr dh] oju~ is;ty ds fy, Hkh lqjf{kr lzksr ryk”ks gSaA if=dk ds rhljk ys[k ^^Jh i)fr ls efgykvksa ds thou esa vk;k cnyko** Jh i)fr ls [ksrh djus ds ykHkksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA bl ys[k esa ;g crk;k x;k gS fd Jh i)fr esa FkksM+k lk rduhd dk feJ.k djus ls u flQZ [ksrh dh ykxr de gksrh gS] oju~ mit Hkh vPNh feyrh gS vkSj efgykvksa dks “kkjhfjd Je ls dqN gn rd jkgr Hkh feyrh gSA pkSFkk ys[k Jh jkedqekj flag }kjk fyf[kr ^^NksVs iz;kl ls cM+h lQyrk** gSA th0bZ0,0th0 ds LFkkuh; vuqHkoksa ij vk/kkfjr ;g ys[k ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds tqM+ko ls lhekUr fdlkuksa dh lQyrk ,oa vkthfodk LFkkbZRo dks n”kkZrk gSA tcfd ^^lkeqnkf;d lg;ksx ls [kk| lqj{kk dks pqukSrh** “kh"kZd ls vfUre o ikapok ys[k dsjy dh efgykvksa }kjk ikjEifjd xfrfof/k;ksa ds ek/;e ls [kk| lqj{kk lqfuf”pr djus ds iz;klksa dks n”kkZrk gSA ;g ys[k Jh Vh0ds0 vkseuk }kjk fyf[kr gSA vUr esa fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij vk/kkfjr ;g if=dk vkids le{k cgqewY; fopkjksa ,oa lq>koksa gsrq izLrqr gSA lEiknd e.My

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

UÜæ¹æð´ Üæð»æð´ ·¤æð âéÚUçÿæÌ ÖæðÁÙ ©UÂÜŽÏ ·¤ÚUæÙð ·ð¤ âæÍ ç×^ïUè ·¤è âðãUÌ âéÏæÚUÙæ ÎèÂ·¤ âé¿ÇðU °ß¢ ¥æð× Âè0 M¤ÂðÜæ ver` feVV~h ds uke ls r; S kj ,d vfHkuo [kkn dk mi;ksx dj cgqr ls fdlku e`nk dks mldk thou okil ykSVk jgs gSaA fcuk fdlh ckgjh jlk;fud fuos'k ds dkcZfud inkFkksZa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, ;s fdlku vius [ksrksa dks le`) cuk jgs gSa vkSj LFkkuh; ,oa izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk nksgu djrs gq, fofo/k izdkj ds iks"kd rRoksa ls ;qDr [kk| dk mRiknu dj jgs gSaA e`nk esa ikS/kksa ds larqfyr fodkl ds fy, vko”;d lHkh iks"kd rRoksa (de ls de 30) dk fo”kky HkaMkj gSA ysfdu buesa ls cgqr ls rRo ca/ks Lo:i esa gSaA VwVs gq, Lo:i esa dsoy dqN gh rRo miyC/k gSa ;k fQj ty esa ?kqyus ds ckn gh ;s mi;ksx esa vk ldrs gSa ftl dkj.k ikS/kksa dh igqap ls ;s nwj gksrs gSaA ikS/kksa ds dqN Hkkxksa dks euq"; Lo;a miHkksx esa ykrk gS vkSj dqN Hkkx ikS/kksa ds pkjs ds :i esa iz;qDr djrk gS vFkok Qly dVkbZ ds ckn mlds vo”ks"kksa dks tyk nsrs gSaA ;|fi fd ;g mfpr ugha gS] ysfdu ;fn dqN ikS/kksa ds vo”ks"kksa dks e`nk ds Hkkstu ds fy, NksM+ fn;k tk, vkSj e`nk thok”e dks cukrs ,oa izcfU/kr j[krs gSa] rks e`nk Lo;a ls vius yk[kksa lw{e

thok.kqvksa] lw{e thoksa ,oa vU; thok”eksa (e`nk thou ;k tho rRo) dh ns[k&Hkky dj vius&vkidks fQj ls thoUr cuk ldrk gSA feV~Vh esa ikS/kksa ds tSo&rRo ds feJ.k ls tho&rRo dks mudk Hkkstu izkIr gksrk gS] vkSj ikS/kksa esa iks"k.k ds :i esa fnu&izfrfnu mi;ksx gsrq izfdz;k rst gksrh gSA ,d ex (Hkkjr esa ftldk cgqrk;r esa mi;ksx ugkus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS) LoLFk ou dh feV~Vh esa yxHkx 2000 djksM+ cSDVhfj;k] 20 djksM+ izksVkstksvk] ,d yk[k ehVj Qaxh] 1 yk[k uhekVksM~l ,oa 50 gtkj vkFkksZiksM~l (ls.VhisM~l] feyhisM~l] dhM+s ,oa edfM+;ka) gks ldrh gSaA ;g ekuk tkrk gS fd LoLFk e`nk esa thok”e ueh ds :i esa jgrh gS] tks fd egklkxjksa ds ckn nwljk lcls cM+k izkd`frd tylzksr gksrk gSA ;fn ftl izdkj ,d cPpk viuh eka ds xHkZ esa xehZ ikdj iyrk gS Bhd mlh izdkj ekbØksCl ,oa ikS/kksa ds :i esa feV~Vh esa thou jgrk gSA euq";ksa vkSj i'kqvksa ds foijhr feV~~Vh vf/kd fnuksa rd vius cPpksa dk iks"k.k djrh gSA

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Õæ€â v Ñ ÙÅêU·¤æð ÂfçÌ uVwdks foKku dk izfriknu LoxhZ; izksQslj Jhin ,nkHkksydj }kjk fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;g nks “kCnksa uspqjy ;kfu izkd`frd vkSj bdkykftdy ;kfu ikfjfLFkfrdh ls feydj cuk gSA uVwdks [ksrh okLro esa [ksrh dh ,d ,slh laLd`fr gS] tks ,d [ksr dh ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj mRiknu dks etcwrh iznku djus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ oSKkfud i)fr;ksa ls izÑfr ds fujh{k.k] mls le>us ,oa mlds lkFk leUo;u ij vk/kkfjr gSA ;g [ksrh ds fof”k"V eqn~nksa tSls izÑfr ij fcuk cks> Mkys lg;ksx ysrs] [ksrh ds fy, ckgjh fuos”kksa ij viuh fuHkZjrk de djrs] oSKkfud rjhds ls dke djus vkSj vius [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ QSys LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, [ksrh djsa] [ksr dh ikfjfLFkfrdh dks uqdlku igqapk;s fcuk dSls [ksrh djus vkfn ds Åij dke djrk gS rkfd fdlkuksa dks fcuk fdlh uqdlku ds mPp mRikndrk feyrh jgsA uVwdks laLÑfr dh ;gh fo”ks"krk bls ^^tSfod [ksrh** ds vU; nwljs Lo:iksa ls vyx djrh gSA

bl thok”e dh ek=k de gks tk;s rks ikS/kksa ds fodkl ds fy, e`nk dks ty lfgr lHkh ckgjh fuos”kksa dh vfrfjDr vko”;drk gksxh] ftlls [ksrh ds LFkkbZRo dk pØ VwVuk izkjEHk gks tk;sxkA uVwdks [ksrh vkt dh [kk| ,oa [ksrh dh vko”;drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, ukVwdks [ksrh i)fr ,d lexz [ksrh i)fr gSA vkfFkZd ykHk ds ladqfpr nk;js ls ckgj vkdj bl i)fr dk mn~ns”; dkcZu ;k ck;ksekWl dks c<+kuk gSA ÅtkZ ds lUnHkZ esa ;g U;wure fuos”k ds lkFk vf/kdre izkfIr dh ckr Hkh djrk gSA uVwdks vo/kkj.kk esa ekSfyd fo”okl iz.kkyh ;g gS fd ;g ^^thou dk ,d foKku gS vkSj thou gh ÅtkZ gSA** uVwdks dsoy [ksrh ds ckjs esa ugha gS vkSj fuf”pr :i ls [ksrh flQZ mRiknu ,oa forj.k ds fy, ugha gSA ;g ,d thou”kSyh gS (ckDl 1 ns[ksa) ve`r feV~Vh uVwdks [ksrh dk ,d egRoiw.kZ rRo gS] ftls ge ^ulZjh* feV~Vh] ^elkyk feV~Vh* ;k ^thfor e`nk* Hkh dgrs gSaA ve`r feV~Vh [kkn dk ,d :i gS] tks moZj e`nk rS;kj djus ds uVwdks izfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh tkrh gSA tgka izÑfr moZj e`nk dks rS;kj djus esa lfn;ksa dk le; ysrh gS] ogka ,d fdlku bl e`nk dks vius [ksr esa ve`r feV~Vh ds :i esa ikap ekg ls Hkh de le; esa rS;kj dj ldrk gS (ckDl 2 ns[ksa)A ;g euq";ksa dh

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ldkjkRed lgHkkfxrk ds ek/;e ls izÑfr ds le; pØ dks de djrs gq, izd`fr esa Åijh e`nk rS;kj djus dh izfØ;k esa rsth ykrh gSA ve`r feV~Vh esa thfor thok”e] leqfpr ueh vkSj gok lfgr ,d fof”k"V moZj e`nk ds lHkh xq.k jgrs gSaA Qly mxkus dh bl uVwdks [ksrh rduhd dh eq[; fo”ks"krk& (v) fcuk tqrkbZ ds] efYpax djrs gq, ve`r feV~Vh ds NksVs ls <sj ij ikS/kksa dks mxk;k tk ldrk gSA (c) feV~Vh dk <sj ges”kk ueh;qDr cuk jgrk gS (blesa 1000 yhVj izfr fnu izfr xq.Vk dh nj ls ikuh dh miyC/krk jgrh gSA) (l) vko”;drk ds vk/kkj ij Qlyksa dh [ksrh ,oa dVkbZ dh tkrh gSA lexz :i esa ;g ,d ^^fufeZr ou** dh rjg fn[krk gSA (n) Ñf"k jlk;uksa ds lUnHkZ esa moZjd] dhVuk”kdksa vkfn fdlh Hkh rjg ds ckgjh fuos”kksa dh vko”;drk ugha iM+rh gSA (;) ;gka rd fd Qwy vkus ds le; Hkh [ksrksa esa ?kkl mxus fn;k tkrk gS vkSj bls ,d lalk/ku ds :i esa ns[krs gSaA (j) tehu ds ,d NksVs ls VqdM+s ij vf/kd fofo/krkiw.kZ Qlysa yh tk ldrh gSaA 10 xq.Vk [ksr esa ,d o"kZ esa 125 rjg dh Qly iztkfr;ksa dh fefJr [ksrh dh tk jgh gSA (y) o"kkZ ty laxzg.k ds fy, [ksr ds pkjkas rjQ [kkbZ [kksn nh tkrh gSA (o) cgqr ls mn~ns”;ksa dh izkfIr djus ds fy, izR;sd [ksr ds pkjksa rjQ thfor pgkjnhokjh rS;kj dh tkrh gSA

ijh{k.k ,oa foLrkj o"kZ 2005 esa] ;qlwQ esgkjsyh dsUnz] ftyk iaosy] egkjk"Vª esa rFkk o"kZ 2006 ls ysdj vc rd e/;izns”k ds nsokl ftys esa fLFkr ctoknk xkao esa dqlhZ rhFkZ [ksr ds 10 xq.Vk (40 xq.Vk esa ,d ,dM+ gksrk gS) ifj{ks= ds nks VqdM+ksa ij ,d iz;ksx fd;k x;kA ;g n`<+rk ls fo”okl fd;k tkrk Fkk fd uVwdks [ksrh i)fr dk mi;ksx dj 10 xq.Vk [ksr ls u dsoy pkj lnL;h; ifjokj ds fy, iwjs o"kZ Hkj [kk| miyC/krk lqfuf”pr gksxh] oju~ vfrfjDr mit dks cspdj vU; dkeksa dks Hkh vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldsxkA [ksr ds bl NksVs ls VqdM+s ls gksus okys mPp mRikndrk dks ns[krs gq, ns”k Hkj ds cgqr ls fdlku uVwdks [ksrh i)fr dks viukus gsrq mRlqd gq,A vkt Hkkjr ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa esa fofo/k i`"BHkwfe okys cgqr ls fdlkuksa }kjk uVwdks [ksrh i)fr viukbZ tk jgh gS (ckDl 3 ns[ksa)A dqlhZ rhFkZ] ctokM+k }kjk le;&le; ij vk;ksftr izf”k{k.kksa ,oa dk;Z”kkykvksa esa lgHkkfxrk dj bPNqd fdlku

Õæ€â w Ñ ¥×ëÌ ç×ÅUï÷ÅUè ·¤è ÌñØæÚUè ve`r ty dh rS;kjh % 10 yhVj ikuh esa] 1 yhVj xk; dk ew=] 1 fdxzk xk; dk rktk xkscj ,oa 50 xzk0 lqrhZ dh xkaB feyk;sA bl rS;kj feJ.k dks rhu fnuksa rd j[ksaA izfrfnu bl feJ.k dks nks ls rhu ckj pykrs gSa ,oa izR;sd ckj 12 ckj ?kM+h dh fn”kk esa ,oa 12 ckj ?kM+h dh mYVh fn”kk esa pyk;saA pkSFks fnu xk<+k feJ.k rS;kj gks tk;sxkA bl rS;kj xk<+s feJ.k esa 10 xquk ikuh feyk ysaA ve`r feV~Vh dh rS;kjh % gjh ,oa lw[kh ifÙk;ksa rFkk vU; ikS/k vo”ks"kksa dks ,d= dj ysaA bUgsa rc rd lw[kus fn;k tk;s] tc rd fd ;g vklkuh ls VwV u tk;saA rRi”Pkkr~ ,d d.Vsuj ;k mlh tSls fdlh crZu esa Hkjs ve`r ty esa bls feyk nsa vkSj blh voLFkk esa 24 ?k.Vksa ds fy, NksM+ nsaA csM dh rS;kjh (yEckbZ 10 QhV] pkSM+kbZ 3 QhV ,oa yEckbZ 1 QhV) p;fur {ks= ij bl xhys ck;ksekl dh igyh ijr fcNk nsrs gSaA blds Åij e`nk dh ,d iryh ijr Mkyrs gSaA 1 QhV dh mapkbZ rd igys ck;ksekWl] fQj e`nk dh iryh ijr fcNkus dh ;gh izfdz;k ckj&ckj nqgjkrs gSaA ,slk rc rd djrs gSa tc rd fd csM 1 QhV Åapk u gks tk;sA izR;sd ijr fcNkus ds ckn mls iSjksa ls [kwc dldj nck nsrs gSaA csM rS;kj djus ds ckn] blds Åij ikS/kksa ds vo”ks"k dks fcNk dj [kkn cuus gsrq NksM+ nsrs gSaA 30 fnuksa ds fy, igyh dEiksfLVax % izR;sd lkrosa fnu x<~<s dks feykrs gSaA izR;sd ckj feykus ds ckn ml ij efYpax vo”; djrs gSaA x<~<s dh ueh cuk;s j[kus rFkk thok.kq xfrfof/k;ka lgh ls lapkfyr gksus ds fy, ml ij le;&le; ij ve`r ty ls fNM+dko djrs jgrs gSaA ekSle ,oa ifÙk;ksa ds izdkj ds vk/kkj ij yxHkx 30 fnuksa ds ckn blls [kkn feyus yxrh gSA bl csM ij fofHkUu :fp ds vk/kkj ij ikS/kksa tSls VekVj] ehBh lkSaQ] beyh] xktj] vEcknh] iqnhuk] rh[kh fephZ] ikyd] djsyk] esFkh vkfn dh ulZjh rS;kj dh tkrh gSA (uksV % cqokbZ ds igys bu lHkh ikS/k iztkfr;ksa ds chtksa dks “kksf/kr djus ds fy, ve`r ty esa 8 ?k.Vs ds fy, fHkxks nsrs gSaA ikS/kksa ds ck;ksekWl dks feykdj mls ue cuk;s j[kus rFkk vadqfjr djus gsrq le;&le; ij ve`r ty dk fNM+dko djrs jgrs gSaA cht ds vadqfjr gksus ds ckn 21 fnu rd bl izfØ;k dks nqgjk;k tkuk pkfg,A) 21 fnu ds ckn igyh NaVkbZ dh tkrh gSA tc 25 izfr”kr ulZjh jksikbZ ds fy, rS;kj gks tkrh gSA 42 fnuksa ds ckn nwljh NaVkbZ dh tkrh gSA bl le; rd yxHkx 25 izfr”kr ulZjh cM+s ikS/kksa ds :i esa cny tkrh gSA 63 fnu ij Qwy vkus dh voLFkk esa rhljh ckj NaVkbZ dh tkrh gSA yxHkx lHkh ikS/kksa dh NaVkbZ gks tkrh gSA fcuk tM+ksa dks uqdlku igqapk;s csM ds Åij vk/kk bap ruk NksM+ nsrs gSaA 3&4 fnuksa rd bl dfVax fd;s ikS/kksa dks lw[kus nsrs gSaA iwjh rjg lw[k tkus ds i”pkr~ csgrj feJ.k ds fy, bUgsa [kwc vPNh rjg ls rksM+dj ve`r ty esa feykdj 8 ?k.Vksa ds fy, j[k nsrs gSaA rRi”pkr~ bl feJ.k dks fQj ls ?kwj esa feykrs gSaA feJ.k;qDr ?kwj esa ikS/k ck;ksekWl feykrs gSa vkSj fQj ls [kkn rS;kj gks x;hA nwljh ckj [kkn% gjh ikS/k&ifÙk;ksa ls rS;kj ?kwj x<~<s dks 30 fnuksa rd [kkn cuus ds fy, j[k nsrs gSaA izR;sd 7osa fnu ?kwj dks feykus ds ckn ml ij efYpax djrs gSaA x<~<s dh ueh cuk;s j[kus ds fy, rFkk thok.kqvksa ds fØ;k”khy jgus ds fy, bl ij le;&le; ij ve`r ty dk fNM+dko djrs jgrs gSaA 30 fnuksa ds ckn] iks"k.k ;qDr thfor e`nk] vFkkZr~ ve`r feV~Vh rS;kj gks tkrh gSA ve`r feV~Vh dks ikS/kksa ds ck;ksekWl ds lkFk feykdj j[krs gSaA bleas tknbqZ Li”kZ Hkh “kkfey g]S (vkidk tknbqZ Li”kZ (ldkjkRed lkp s ] Lugs ,oa I;kj)= ver` feVV~h eas ldkjkRed Åtk)Z ve`r feV~Vh vc mi;ksx ds fy, rS;kj gSA

uVwdks [ksrh i)fr ds ckjs esa viuh le> fodflr dj jgs gSaA ;gka ;g laKku esa ykuk t:jh gS fd bl i)fr esa u rks VªSDVj ls vkSj u gh cSyksa ls vFkkZr~ fdlh Hkh rjg

dh tqrkbZ dh vko”;drk ugha iM+rh] blfy, ;g NksVh tksr ds fdlkuksa ds fy, vf/kd mi;ksxh ,oa izklafxd gSA blds lkFk gh ;fn [ksr esa ,d ckj Hkh ve`r feV~Vh ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{ 7

Mky nh tk;s rks thou&i;ZUr vPNh Ñf"kxr xfrfof/k;ksa tSls & lrgh efYpax] Qly vo”ks"kksa dk iqupZØhdj.k] o`{kksa lfgr cgqLrjh; [ksrh vkfn ds fy, csgrj [ksr feyrk jgsxk vkSj le; chrus ds lkFk mRikndrk ?kVus dss ctk; c<+sxhA

dqN ifj.kke] dqN izHkko ve`r feV~Vh esa lw{e ,oa vfrlw{e tho cM+h la[;k esa “kkfey gSaA fcuk jlk;uksa ds mPp mRikndrk ikus ds fy, bl feV~Vh dk mi;ksx mlh rjg ls fd;k tkrk gS] ftl izdkj nw/k ls ngh tekus ds fy, tksju dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA Åijh lrg ij efYpax ds lkFk&lkFk bldk mi;ksx djus ls e`nk esa thou mRiUu djus ds fy, vuqdwy okrkoj.k feyrk gSA vkSj blds lkFk] ;g ^^e`nk Hkkstu osc** ds :i esa fØ;k”khy jgrk gS] ftlls ikS/kksa ds fodkl ds fy, lHkh rjg ds fofo/k iks"kd rRo /khjs&/khjs feyrs jgrs gSaA ve`r feV~Vh dks fofHkUu iz;ksx”kkykvkas esa fo”ysf"kr fd;k x;k vkSj ifj.kke csgn pkSadkus okys jgsA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l ,Vh esa ijh{k.k fd;k x;k] ftlesa irk pyk fd nwwljs lehiorhZ catj [ksrksa dh rqyuk esa ikS/kksa ds uhps okyh bl feV~Vh esa tSfod dkcZu 2-61 izfr”kr vFkkZr 3 xquk vf/kd FkkA lw{e thok.kqvksa dh mifLFkfr ds dkj.k mDr e`nk esa oSjksu 8 xquk] xa/kd 2-64 xquk] ykSg 1-5 xquk rFkk tLrk 7-3 xquk lanfHkZr e`nk ls vf/kd ik;k x;kA bu rRoksa ds lkFk gh] lw{e ck;ksekWl lh] lw{e ck;ksekWl ,u ,oa fMgkbMªkstust Hkh cgqr vf/kd ek=k esa ik;k x;k] ftlls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd bl uVwdks feV~Vh esa lw{e thok.kqvksa dh cM+h la[;k ekStwn gSA 100 ls vf/kd uewuksa dh tkap esa ;g ik;k x;k fd bl feV~Vh [kkn ds ,d xzke esa ikS/kksa ds fodkl ds fy, 10 djksM+ ls Hkh T;knk lw{e thok.kq mifLFkr gSaA ;g ifj.kke vkbZlhvkjvkbZ,l,Vh iz;ksx”kkyk esa gqbZ cgqr lh tkapksa esa vU; fdlh Hkh [kkn dh rqyuk esa vHkh rd dk lcls mPpre ifj.kke gSA ;g v/;;u ;g Hkh n”kkZrk gS fd ?kwj fof/k ls ve`r feV~Vh dk mi;ksx djus ij vkil esa ,d&nwljs ls xwaFks gq, iks"kd rRo e`nk thou ds dkj.k ?kqyu”khy :i esa ifjofrZr gks tkrs gSaA ve`r feV~Vh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkus okys {ks= esa izR;sd bdkbZ {ks= dh mRikndrk c<+ x;h gSA (ckDl 3 ns[ksa) vke rkSj ij dk;Z “kq: djus ds igys gh o"kZ ls mPp

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

Õæ€â x Ñ ÙÅêU·¤æð ¹ðÌè ·ð¤ ·é¤ÀU ©UËÜð¹ÙèØ ©UÎæãUÚU‡æ ç·¤âæÙ/¹ðÌ ¥M¤‡ææ¿Ëæ, ·¤æðØ ÕÅêUÚU, Ìç×ÜÙæÇUé

È¤âÜ ©UÂÁ ¿æßÜ (çÕÙæ ¹ðÌ ×ð´ ÂæÙè Ü»ð) y® ·é0/°·¤Ç¸U

ÎèÂ·¤ âé¿ÎUð, ÕÁßæÎæ, ×ŠØ ÂýÎðàæ

»ðãê¡U (x® ·é¤0/°·¤Ç¸U) ÅU×æÅUÚU (vw® ÅUÙ/°·¤Ç¸U) ¥æÜê (y® ÅUÙ/°·¤Ç¸U)

ÇUæ0 ·¤ÅUæçÚUØæ, Áæ×Ù»ÚU »éÁÚUæÌ

×ê¡»È¤Üè (wy·é¤0/°·¤Ç¸U)

âéÚðUàæ Îðâæ§ü, ÕðÎ·¤èãUæÜ, ·¤ÙæüÅU·¤

»‹Ùæ (v®® ÅUÙ/°·¤Ç¸U)

ÖæS·¤ÚU Öæ§ü âßð, ©U ÕðÚU»æ¡ß, »éÁÚUæÌ ÕâéÎðß ·¤Íð, Ùæçâ·¤, ×ãUæÚUæCïþU

ÙæçÚUØÜ (y®® È¤Ü/ÂðÇ¸U/ ßæçcæü·¤ Øæ ÂçÚUÂ€ßÌæ ¥ßçÏ ¥¢»êÚU (v{ ÅUÙ/°·¤Ç¸U)

ÁèÌ Öæ§ü ·¤Íð, ·é¤Å×éçÅUØæ, ×æÜð»æ¡ß, ×ãUæÚUæCïþU

ÂÂèÌæ (v}® °·¤Ç¸U/ ßæçcæü·¤)

mit izkIr gksus yxh gSA tcfd vU; nwljs [ksrksa esa tgka fdlku nwljs rjhds ls tSfod [ksrh dj jgs gSa] ogka ij mUgksaus igys o"kZ mit esa deh ntZ dh] ysfdu rhljs o"kZ ls mUgsa mit esa o`f) feyuh izkjEHk gqbZA ve`r feV~Vh ds iz;ksx ls mRikndrk esa o`f) dh ;g lQyrk fiNys dbZ o"kkZsa ls yxkrkj fn[k jgh gSA e`r feV~Vh ij mxkbZ x;h lfCt;kas dk iks"k.k ewY; mPp gSA fo”ys"k.k djus ds nkSjku cktkj ls yh x;h ,d vadqj.k ds 21 fnu ckn ds ikS/ks

fcuk tqrkbZ ds iks"k.k izcU/ku djrs gq, ,d ,dM+ esa 38 dqUry xsgw¡ dh iSnkokj gqbZ

ykSdh dh rqyuk esa ,d uVwdks [ksr ls izkIr ykSdh esa 5 xquk vf/kd izksVhu ,oa 20 izfr”kr vf/kd dSfY”k;e ds lkFk gh eSXuhf”k;e ,oa yksgs dh ek=k Hkh ik;h x;hA vk”p;Ztud :i ls fo”ys"k.k ds nkSjku mlesa foVkfeu ch12 dh mifLFkfr Hkh feyh] tks fd lkekU;r% tkuojksa ,oa e`nk ds lw{e thok.kqvksa }kjk rS;kj dh tkrh gS u fd lfCt;ksa ;k isM+ksa ls rS;kj gksrh gSA bldh mifLFkfr dk dkj.k ;g gS fd “kk;n ykSdh ds bl ikS/ks us LoLFk e`nk ls bl rRo dks xzg.k dj fy;k gksxkA tcfd ikjEifjd :i ls mxkbZ tkus okyh lfCt+;ksa esa ik;s tkus okys iks"k.k rRoksa esa yxkrkj fxjkoV vk jgh gSA ikWy ctZuj }kjk fyf[kr ,d fjiksVZ ^^/kkrqvksa ds ?kko Hkjus dh “kfDr** ds vuqlkj & 1914 esa ikyd esa ykSg dh ek=k 64 feyhxzke@100 xzke Fkh] tks 1992 esa ?kVdj 2-7 feyhxzke@100 xzke gks x;h gSA fu"d"kZ [kk| lqj{kk] iks"k.k ,oa xjhch ds eqn~nksa ls fuiVus ds fy,] miHkksDrkvksa ,oa i;kZoj.k dks fcuk uqdlku igqapk;s [kk| mRikndrk esa o`f) djus dh vko”;drk gSA LFkkbZ mPp mRiknu ds fy, Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh ds fMtkbZu dh udy djrs gq, izkÑfrd ikfjfLFkfrdh iz.kkyh dks rS;kj djus rFkk dk;Z djus dh vko”;drk gSA bl y{; dks izkIr djus gsrq ve`r feV~Vh ,d csgrj jkLrk gS] ftlls fdlku dks ,d lEekutud thou fey ldrk gSA

gekjs fdlkuksa fo”ks"kdj NksVh tksr ds fdlkuksa dh orZeku vkfFkZd vkSj lkekftd fLFkfr dks lq/kkjus ds fy, uVwdks [ksrh vkSj ve`r feV~Vh esa vikj ,oa viz;qDr laHkkouk,a gSaA foKku txr }kjk uVwdks iz.kkyh tSlh i)fr ds ek/;e ls ikfjfLFkfrd Ñf"k ra= dh fodflr i)fr ds Åij v/;;u] ewY;kadu ,oa “kks/k dh Hkh vikj laHkkouk,a gSaA vkt vko”;drk bl izdkj dh uhfr;ksa dh gS] tks fdlkuksa dks ikjEifjd [ksrh ls ikfjfLFkfrdh Ñf"k dh vksj tkus gsrq izksRlkfgr djsA cnyko dk ;g jkLrk yEck vo”; gS] ijUrq yk[kksa yksxksa dh [kk| lqj{kk ,oa LokLF; lqj{kk ds fy, cgqr gh ykHknk;h gksxkA

ÎèÂ·¤ âé¿ÎðU ÙÅêU·¤æð ÁèßÙ àæñÜè ç·¤âæÙ ×æÜÂæÙè ÅþUSÅU, »ýæ×-ÕÁßæÎæ ÂæðSÅU- Ùð×æßæÚU yzzxx~ ¹æÅðU»æ¡ß, çÁÜæ Îðßæâ, ×ŠØ ÂýÎðàæ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ deepaksuchde@gmail.com ¥æð× Âè M¤ÂðÜæ ÖêÌÂêßü ßñ™ææçÙ·¤, ¥æ§üâè¥æÚU¥æ§ü°â°ÅUè vw®, Èð¤Á v, âæ·ð¤Ì ·¤æÂÚUæ, ÂæðSÅU- §âè¥æ§ü°Ü ãñUÎÚUæÕæÎ z®®®{w §ü-×ðÜ Ñ oprupela@gmail.com

Soils for life LEISA INDIA, Vol. 17, No.1, March 2015

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{ 9

U ÁèßÙ ÂýÎæÙ ·¤ÚUÌè ÂæÚU ÂçÚU·¤ ßcææü ÁÜ â¢»ýãU‡æ Âý‡ææÜè ÙØæ ÚUßÎèÂ ·¤æñÚU, ÂýÈé¤ËÜ ÕðãUÚUæ °ß¢ ¥Â‡ææü Îžæ

QksVks % ys[kd

if”peh jktLFkku ds ikfdLrku lhek ij fLFkr ckMesj ftyk] fo”kky Hkkjrh; Fkkj e:LFky dk ,d Hkkx gS] ftlesa cgqrk;r esa jsr ds Vhys] catj NksVh igkfM+;ka vkSj vkcknh {ks=ksa esa daVhyh >kfM;kas okyh ouLifr;ka ik;h tkrh gSaA bu izfrdwy ifjfLFkfr;ksa okys jsfxLrkuh {ks= ds ckMesj ftys dh tula[;k 26 yk[k (2011 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj) gS] ftlesa ls 93 %tula[;k xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fuokl djrh gSA ;gka ij vfr rhoz xehZ] /kwy Hkjh vkaf/k;ka] dM+kds dh B.M] lw[kk ,oa vleku ekulwu dh ifjfLFkfr;kas esa Ñf"k izeq[k O;olk; gS] ftlesa 82 % ls vf/kd xzkeh.k tula[;k yxh gqbZ gS o yxHkx 80 % {ks= o"kkZ flafpr Ñf"k ds vUrxZr vkrk gSA xfeZ;ksa ds eghuksa esa] ihus ds lkFk gh] [ksrh ds fy, Hkh ikuh dh miyC/krk ,d xEHkhj fpUrk dk fo"k; gks tkrh gSA ftys esa vkSlru 270&300 feeh0 o"kkZ gh gksrh gS] tks lkekU;r% o"kZ ds 15 fnuksa esa gh gks tkrh gSA ;fn bu 15 fnuksa esa o"kkZ ty dks ,df=r o lqjf{kr ugha fd;k x;k rks iwjs o"kZ Hkj ds fy, ikuh dh miyC/krk ,d pqukSrh cu tkrh gSA ckMejs eas ikuh dh iRz;d s cnaw dk egRo gksrk gSA

ijEijkxr fuiq.krk ckMesj dh ,d eq[; fo”ks"krk ;gka ij 500 o"kksZa ls vf/kd le; ls mi;ksx esa vkus okyh ijEijkxr o"kkZ ty laxzg.k iz.kkyh ^^[kkfnu** gSA tSlyesj ds vkl&ikl jgus okys ikyhoky czkEg.kksa dh ,d “kk[kk }kjk bldh fMtkbu cuk;h x;h FkhA bl iz.kkyh esa] yxHkx 300 ehVj dk ,d feV~Vh dk ca/kk o"kkZ ds cgrs ty dks ,df=r djus ds fy, cuk;k x;kA ^^[kkfnu** ds }kjk 10

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

o"kkZ ds ty dks ,df=r dj mldk mi;ksx Qlyksa ds mRiknu] Hkwfe dks ue cuk;s j[kus rFkk mldh moZjrk esa vfHko`f) ds fy, fd;k x;kA bl fMtkbu esa bl izdkj dh O;oLFkk dh x;h fd vfrfjDr o"kkZ dk ty ukyh }kjk cg tk;sA ^^[kkfnu** izkÑfrd lalk/ku izcU/ku vkSj Ñf"k ds leUo;u dk ,d cgqr gh iqjkuk mnkgj.k gS] ftlesa o"kkZ ds ty dks jksd dj Ñf"k dh mRikndrk dks c<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA bl izdkj dh cgqr lh lajpuk,a lfn;ksa ls misf{kr jgh gSa ;k mudk izcU/ku cgqr gh [kjkc <ax ls fd;k x;kA

cM+h ck<+ jktLFkku esa] ekSle pØ lkekU;r% bl izdkj dk gS fd izfr 3&4 o"kZ lw[kk iM+us ds i”pkr~ ,d o"kZ vPNs ekulwu okyk gksrk gS] ysfdu vlk/kkj.k ckfj”k vkSj ck<+ 75 ;k 100 o"kksZa esa ,d ckj vkrh gSA vxLr 2006 ds vfUre lIrkg esa ckMesj esa 750 feeh0 o"kkZ gqbZ] tks fd ftys ds vkSlr okf"kZd o"kkZ ds pkj xquk ds cjkcj FkhA vFkkZr~ pkj o"kkZsa dh vkSlr okf"kZd o"kkZ ek= ,d gh lIrkg esa gks x;hA ckMejs ftyk ,d >hy cu x;k vkjS blds mPpkop ds dkj.k ;gka ij vpkud ls 20 u;s >hy rkykc cu x;s] tks “kkfCnd :i ls fo”kky jsfxLrku esa tyh; {ks= ds :i fn[kkbZ nsus yxsA dokl [kkfnu ls yxHkx 300 gsDVs;j vfrfjDr Hkwfe dh flapkbZ djus esa lgk;rk feyh gSA

ckMesj mUufr ds;uZ bf.M;k us bl {ks= esa LokLF;] f”k{kk] n{krk rFkk LFkkbZ vkthfodk ds voljksa o jkstxkj dh izkfIr ds fy, {kerk o`f) ds izf”k{k.kksa ds ek/;e ls bl {ks= ds lEiw.kZ lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, ,d cM+k dk;ZØe lapkfyr fd;kA ds;uZ us ckMesj ds yxHkx 140 xkaoksa esa bl xfrfof/k dks viuk;k vkSj izR;sd xkao ds lHkh ifjokjksa ds lexz fodkl dks viuk izeq[k eqn~nk cuk;kA vDVwcj 2013 ls ds;uZ bf.M;k us ckMesj ds fdlkuksa ds thou esa cnyko ykus ds fy, dkjiksjsV lkekftd ftEesnkjh dk;ZØe dks VsDuksloZ ds lg;ksx ls izkjEHk fd;kA VsDuksloZ ,d vykHkdkjh laLFkk gS] tks Hkkjr] vQzhdk rFkk ySfVu vesfjdk esa xjhch mUewyu ds fy, O;olk; fodflr djrh gS vkSj orZeku le; esa LFkkuh;

yksxksa ds vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, Ñf"k vk/kkfjr ifj;kstuk ckMesj mUufr ds vUrxZr cgqr lh xfrfof/k;ka lapkfyr dj jgh gSA bl ifj;kstuk dk mn~ns”; Ñf"k mRiknu rFkk Ñf"k dh mRikndrk esa lq/kkj o vkxkeh ikap o"kksZa esa nl gtkj Ñ"kd ifjokjksa dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr esa lq/kkj dj LFkkbZ fodkl djuk gSA laLFkk us Ñf"k vk/kkfjr gLr{ksiksa] izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa ds izcU/ku] {kerk vfHko`f) dk ewY;kadu rFkk ekuo lalk/ku ds LFkkbZ {kerk vfHko`f) fo”ks"k dj xzkeh.k ;qodksa dks m|eh cuk dj bl y{; dks izkIr fd;k gSA

ty laxzg.k & vkthfodk dh dqath ckMesj mUufr dk ,d mYys[kuh; ?kVd izkÑfrd lalk/kuksa dk izcU/ku gS vkSj ifj;kstuk izkjEHk gksus ds nks o"kksZa ds Hkhrj gh blls feyus okys ifj.kkeksa dks ns[krs gq, ifj;kstuk ds rgr~ izkd`frd lalk/kukas ds izcU/ku ls lEcfU/kr xfrfof/k;ka cM+s iSekus ij lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSaA bl ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr] iwjs ftys ds vUnj 1000 izkÑfrd lalk/ku izcU/ku lajpukvksa ,oa bdkbZ;ksa dh LFkkiuk ;k mudk iqu:)kj fd;k tk;sxkA nks o"kksZa ls Hkh de le; esa] LFkkuh; laLFkk xzkfol ,oa LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa ds lkFk feydj VsDuksloZ us 155 izkÑfrd ll a k/ku iczU/ku ljapukvkas dh LFkkiuk dh gAS blesa 150 yksxksa ds [ksrksa esa O;fDrxr o 2 lkewfgd [kkfnu] 2 lkeqnkf;d ukfn;ksa dk iqu:)kj fd;k x;k vkSj ,d ,l-ih-;w- (flYoh pkjkxkg bdkbZ) fodflr dh x;hA blds lkFk gh ukckMZ ds lkFk tqM+ko LFkkfir djrs g,q 15 [kkfnu <kp a kas dk fuek.Zk Hkh djk;k x;kA [kkfnu fuekZ.k ls ykHkkfUor fdlku tksM+k QksVks % ys[kd

vkSj eyqvk xkao lokZf/kd izHkkfor Fks] ftlesa yxHkx 200 O;fDr ck<+ esa ej x;s o yksxksa ds ?kj 15 QhV xgjs ty esa Mwc x;s FksA ckMesj ds [kkfnuksa] Vadkvksa ,oa ,ufVd vkfn dks cgqr uqdlku igqapk ;k ;s cg x;sA ckMesj esa ftIle /kkrq dh Hkwfexr lrg gS] ftlls o"kkZ dk ty vUnj ugha tk ikrk gS] ftlls ty Iykou c<+ tkrk gSA xzkeh.kksa us ty laxzg.k {ks=ksa dks iqu% cgky djus ds fy, dfBu ifjJe fd;kA xkao okyksa ds fy, cqjh [kcj gksrs gq, Hkh] dbZ i;kZoj.kfonksa dks yxk fd bl {ks= ds fy, ck<+ ,d ojnku gks ldrk gS] D;ksafd ,d yEcs le; esa ;gka dk HkwxHkZ tyLrj Åij gksxkA bl {ks= esa dke djus okyh rsy dEifu;ksa ds fy, Hkh ;g fpUrk dk fo"k; ugha Fkk] D;ksafd fo”ks"kKksa ds eqrkfcd tc ck<+ dk ikuh uhps fjlsxk rks mlds ncko ls rsy ckgj vk;sxkA

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{ 11

HkkX; vkSj tks”k tuojh 2004 esa ;wukbVsM fdaxMe ds ds;uZ buthZ }kjk ckMesj ds eaxyk {ks= esa rsy dk Hk.Mkj [kkstk x;kA ;g fiNys nks n”kdksa dh vc rd dh lcls cM+h [kkst FkhA bl lQyrk ds lkFk ckMesj dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa ,d u;k eksM+ vk;kA jkrksajkr ckMesj dks ftyk eq[;ky; cuk fn;k x;k vkSj ÅtkZ m|ksx dks lg;ksx nsus ds fy, Rofjr xfr ls lEifÙk;ksa ,oa cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvksa dk fodkl fd;k x;kA vkt jktLFkku Cykd esa eaxyk] HkkX;e vkSj ,s”o;kZ {ks= [kkst ds lcls cM+s {ks= gSa vkSj ns”k dh lcls cM+h vkRefuHkZj rsy ,oa xSl [kkst dEiuh ds;uZ bf.M;k dh lEifRr ds :i esa gSaA ds;uZ bf.M;k Hkkjr ds dPps rsy mRiknu esa 27 izfr”kr dh fgLlsnkjh j[krh gSA

ekpZ 2014 esa ckMesj mUufr Vhe us ,d fdlku prqj flag ds 2-8 gsDVs;j [ksr esa ,d [kkfnu dk fuekZ.k fd;kA [kkfnu fuekZ.k dh dqy ykxr :0 45000-00 esa prqj flag us etnwjh dj :0 12000-00 dk ;ksxnku fn;kA [kkfnu fuekZ.k dh vlyh ykxr rc olwy gqbZ] tc dqN gh eghuksa ckn ekulwu vof/k esa ckMesj esa lkekU; dh rqyuk esa cgqr de o"kkZ gqbZA ikuh dh deh ds dkj.k ml {ks= ds cgqr ls fdlkuksa dh iwjh Qly cjckn gks x;hA ysfdu [ksr esa fufeZr [kkfnu esa 1000 D;wfcd ehVj (yxHkx 10 yk[k yhVj) o"kkZ ty laxzg.k ds dkj.k pqrj flag us cktjk] eksFk lse] ewax ,oa Xokj dh Qlysa lQyrkiwoZd dkVdj mUgsa ?kj esa miHkksx fd;k] cspk rFkk vius tkuojksa ds fy, pkjk izkIr fd;kA ckMesj esa xEHkhj lw[ks ds ckotwn prqj flag us :0 48396-00 dh mit vius [ksrksa ls izkIr dhA izfro"kZ ekulwu vkus ls igys [kkfnu dk izcU/ku djrs gq, prqj flag dbZ o"kkZsa rd ykHk ysrs gq, bls ,d egRoiw.kZ vkSj lkFkZd fuos”k ds :i esa cuk;s j[ksaxsA prqj flag dh lQyrk dks ns[krs g,q vkl&ikl ds fdlku vkxs vkdj vius [ksrksa esa [kkfnu cukus dk vuqjks/k dj jgs gSaA o"kZ 2014 ds ekulwu l= ds nkSjku vius Lo;a ds [ksr ij [kkfnu dk fuekZ.k djk;s 37 fdlkuksa us cktjk] Xokj] ewax] eksFk Qlyksa dh [ksrh dh vkSj izR;sd fdlku dks :0 20000-00 dh vfrfjDr vkenuh gqbZA fdlku bl ckr ij cy nsrs gSa fd ^^[ksrh djus gsrq izR;sd fdlku ds [ksr esa de ls de nks gsDVs;j ifj{ks= esa [kkfnu dk fuek.Zk gkusk pkfg,A** ty q kb]Z 2015 esa o"kkZ flafpr [ksrh ij vk/kkfjr 150 fdlku ykHkkfUor g,q vkjS yxHkx 300 gDsV;sj [krs ij [krsh dh x;hA nh?kZdkfyd Qk;ns ckMesj mUufr ifj;kstuk ds vUrxZr] vU; ikjEifjd 12

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

ty laxzg.k lajpukvksa tSls ^^uknh** ds iqu:)kj dk Hkh dke fd;k x;kA uknh ¼rkykc½ vkl&ikl ds xkaoksa ds fy, is;ty dk ,d izeq[k lzksr gS] ysfdu ikuh o rst ckfj”k ds lkFk vkus okys ckyw ,oa iRFkjkas ls Hkj tkrk FkkA nks ukfn;ksa ds iqu:)kj dk dk;Z iwjk gks pqdk gS vkSj vc bu nks ukfn;ksa ls vkl&ikl ds 31 xkaoksa ds yxHkx 7000 ifjokjksa dks ykHk gksxkA mEehn dh tkrh gS fd bu ukfn;ksa esa okf"kZd rkSj ij 4&5 o"kkZ gksus dh fLFkfr esa yxHkx 9 djksM+ yhVj ikuh laxzfgr gks ldsxkA orZeku ekulwu l= esa] twu vkSj tqykbZ] 2015 esa gqbZ izkjfEHkd o"kkZ ds ckn yxHkx 500 yk[k yhVj ikuh bu nks lajpukvksa esa laxzfgr gks pqdk gSA leqnk; ,oa ifj;kstuk ds lg;ksx ls igys ls nksxquh {kerk okyh ;s lajpuk,a yxHkx 15 o"kksZa rd {ks= dks ykHk igqapk;saxhA ckMesj ftys ds Hkndk xkao esa ,d flYoh pkjkxkg bdkbZ fodflr dh x;hA xkao okyksa ,oa xzke iapk;r dh lgefr ds i”pkr~ lkeqnkf;d tehu ds 16 ,dM+ ds ifj{ks= ij flYoh pkjkxkg bdkbZ fodflr dh x;h] ftlij yxHkx 10000 isM+ ,oa LFkkuh; iztkfr;ksa tSls lsou ,oa /kkeu ?kkl yxk;h tk;saxhA ;g bdkbZ tc ,d ckj iw.kZr;k LFkkfir gks tk;sxh rc u blls dsoy tkuojksa dks i;kZIr pkjk feysxk] oju~ ;g lkewfgd pjkbZ Hkwfe ds fodkl ,oa izcU/ku dk ,d ekMy Hkh rS;kj gks tk;sxkA izkÑfrd lalk/ku izcU/ku xfrfof/k;ksa ij ,d j.kuhfr ds rgr~ /;ku dsfUnzr dj rFkk ckMesj ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fdlkuksa ds chp ty laj{k.k ds Åij tkx:drk ,oa xfrfof/k;ka vk;ksftr dj ckMesj mUufr ifj;kstuk us cgqr csgrj izHkko NksM+k gSA LFkkuh; yksxksa dh lgHkkfxrk] fo”k"kKksa dh jk; ,oa fo”ks"kKrk ,oa {ks= esa fd;s x;s vFkd iz;kl us vc ;g fl) dj fn;k gS fd o"kkZ flafpr [ksrh ;gka rd fd U;wure okf"kZd o"kkZ 200&250 feeh0 gksus ij Hkh ckMesj ds yksx [ksrh dj ldsaxs vkSj [kk| lqj{kk esa viuk ;ksxnku nsrs gq, viuk thouLrj mUur dj ldsaxsA ÚUßÎèÂ ·¤æñÚU °ß¢ ÂýÈé¤ËÜ ÕðãUÚUæ ×é Ø ÂýæðÁð€ÅU ×ñÙðÁÚU ÕæÇ×ðÚU ×ð´ ÅðU€ Ùæðâßü ·¤æØæüÜØ ÚUæÁSÍæÙ §ü-×ðÜ Ñ deepaksuchde@gmail.com ¥Â‡ææü Îžæ â¢¿æÚU Âý×é¹, ÅðU€Ùæðâßü §ç‡ÇUØæ ØêçÙÅU-{, ÙèM¤ çâË·¤ ç×Ëâ, ×ÍéÚUæ Îæâ ç×Ü ·¤ Âæ©U‡ÇU vw{ °Ù.°×. Áæðàæè ×æ»ü, Üæð¥ÚU ÂÚðUÜ, Âçà¿×, ×é Õ§ü- y®®®vx §ü-×ðÜ Ñ adatta@tns.org, ßðÕâæ§üÅU Ñ technoserve.org

Water lifeline for livelihoods LEISA INDIA, Vol. 17, No.3, Sep. 2015

ÀUU æðÅðU ÂýØæâ âð ÕÇ¸Uè âÈ¤ÜÌæ ÚUæ× ·é¤×æÚU çâ¢ãU vlery] ijrh tehu dks ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ls tksM+dj [ksrh ;ksX; cukrs gq, NksVs o lhekUr fdlkuksa }kjk viuh vkthfodk lqfuf'pr dh tk ldrh gSA bls cqUnsy[k.M ds lykjiqj xkao ds fdlkuksa us fl) fd;k gS] tgka mUgksaus eujsxk ;kstuk ls tqM+ko LFkkfir dj vius [ksr esa rkykc fuekZ.k dj u flQZ viuh [ksrh dks lqjf{kr o lqfuf'pr fd;k] oju~ vkl&ikl ds fdlkuksa dks flapkbZ gsrq fdjk;s ij ikuh nsdj vfrfjDr vkenuh Hkh izkIr dhA

xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa ,d dgkor cgqr dgh tkrh gS fd ?kwjs ds Hkh fnu cgqjrs gSaA bl dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ fd;k & tuin egksck ds xzke lykjiqj ds fdlku Jh jkedìky usA tuin eq[;ky; ls yxHkx 20 fdeh0 dh nwjh ij e/;izns”k dh lhek ls yxs xzke lykjiqj ds fuoklh Jh jkedìky iq= Jh euqvk vuqlwfpr tkfr ls lEc) gSaA bu nks Hkkb;ksa ds chp esa dsoy nks ,dM+ gh tehu Fkh] og Hkh vlery] <kyw rFkk yky dadM+ okyh] ftl ij [ksrh djuk yksgs ds pus pckuk tSlk FkkA dksbZ Hkh Qly bl tehu ij gksrh gh ugha Fkh vkSj fdlku Hkh blhfy, [ksrh ls mnklhu FksA jkedìky tehu gksrs gq, Hkh Hkwfeghu dh rjg Fkk vkSj caVkbZ ij [ksrh o etnwjh dj viuk o vius ifjokj dk isV ikyrk FkkA ;g dgkuh flQZ jkedìky ;k mlds HkkbZ dh ugha Fkh] cfYd lykjiqj ds 18 vkSj fdlkuksa dh tehu jkedìky dh rjg ijrh] vuqitkÅ Fkh vkSj os fdlku nwljksa ds [ksr ij etnwjh dj ;k iyk;u dj viuk thou ;kiu djus ij etcwj FksA ,sls gh le; esa th0bZ0,0th0 ds dk;ZdRrkZvksa us fdzf”p;u ,M ifj;kstuk ds rgr~ l?ku [ksrh xfrfof/k;ka lapkfyr djus gsrq lykjiqj xkao dk p;u fd;k vkSj LFkkuh; ifjfLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ty laj{k.k xfrfof/k;ksa ij fo”ks'k tksj fn;kA bl xfrfof/k ds rgr~ lcls igys Jh jkedìky ds [ksr ij 15 eh0 yEck] 15 eh0 pkSM+k o 3 eh0 xgjs rkykc dh [kqnkbZ dh x;h rFkk

rkykc ls fudys feV~Vh ls [ksr ds leryhdj.k o esM+cUnh dk dk;Z fd;k x;kA bl vHkh nks frgkbZ dk;Z gh gqvk Fkk fd o'kkZ izkjEHk gks x;h vkSj jkedìky ds [ksr dk rkykc yckyc Hkj x;kA bl o'kZ fdlku us vius [ksr ds dqN Hkkx esa fry rFkk mM+n dh cqokbZ dh rFkk “ks'k [ksr eVdk [kkn Mkydj jch dh Qly gsrq rS;kj fd;kA [ksr ds rkykc ls igyh flapkbZ dj jkedìky us puk] xsagwa rFkk ljlksa dh cqokbZ dh vkSj “ks'k ikuh dks fdjk;s ij ysdj iM+kslh Jh dkydk iq= nqtZu us vius 3 ,dM+ [ksr dh flapkbZ dhA vHkh rd bl rkykc ds ikuh ls 5-5 ,dM+ [ksr dh flapkbZ gks pqdh gSA pwafd rkykc fuekZ.k o esM+cUnh ds ;g dk;Z eujsxk ;kstuk ds rgr~ Fkk] ftl ij Lo;a jkedìky us vius ifjokj lfgr dke fd;k FkkA blls ,d rjQ rks mlds [ksr dk lq/kkj gqvk rks nwljh rjQ mls vius gh [ksr ij dke djds jkstxkj Hkh feykA puk] ljlksa o xsagwa dh Qly ls izkIr mit ls fdlku dks vuqekur% :0 55000-00 dh vkenuh gqbZA bl lQyrk dks ns[krs gq, th0bZ0,0th0 dk;ZdRrkZvksa ds lg;ksx ls xzkeh.kksa us xzke iz/kku ls okrkZ dj vius [ksr esa rkykc fuekZ.k o esM+cUnh ds dke dks vkxkeh eujsxk xzkE; dk;Z ;kstuk esa tksM+us gsrq rS;kj dj izLrko ikfjr djk;kA bl izdkj 18 fdlkuksa ds [ksr dh leryhdj.k] rkykc fuekZ.k o esM+cUnh dk dk;Z djk;k x;kA bl izdkj ijrh tehu d`f'k ;ksX; tehu cu x;h vkSj ftl tehu dh dher fiNys o'kZ rd pkyhl gtkj :i;s izfr ,dM+ Fkh] vc mldh dher Ms<+ ls nks yk[k :i;s izfr ,dM+ rd gks x;h gSA eujsxk ds uksMy vf/kdkjh us xkao dk fujh{k.k fd;k rFkk rkykc fuekZ.k ,oa esM+cUnh ds bl iz;kl dks iz”kaluh; crkrs gq, dgk fd ,sls NksVs&NksVs ijUrq lQy iz;klksa ls fdlku dh rdnhj cny ldrh gSA ÚUæ× ·é¤×æÚU çâ¢ãU ÂçÚUØæðÁÙæ ¥çŠæ·¤æÚUè ç·ý¤çà¿ØÙ °ÇU ÂçÚUØæðÁÙæ »æðÚU¹ÂéÚU °ÙßæØÚU‹×ð‹ÅUÜ °€àæÙ »ýéÂ, »æðÚU¹ÂéÚU §ü-×ðÜ Ñ geagindia@gmail.com

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{ 13

UŸæè ÂfçÌ âð ×çãUÜæ¥æð´ ·ð¤ ÁèßÙ ×ð´ ¥æØæ ÕÎÜæß âæÕÚU×Ìè çÅU·¤è ofS'od :i ls n[skk tk;s rks yxHkx 100 djkMs+ ykx s pkoy dh [ksrh ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj muesa ls yxHkx vk/kh efgyk,a gSa] tkss yxkrkj viuk dke fd;s tk jgh gSa] buesa ls vf/kdka'k vius gkFkksa esa gafl;k vkfn mBk;s [ksrksa dh rjQ uaxs iSjksa tkrh gSaA ,d Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrd ek/;e Jh fof/k efgykvkas ds 'kjhj ij yns dke ds bl cks> dks de dj ldrh gSA eSa pkoy [kkdj cM+h gqbZ gw¡ vkSj pkoy dh laLÑfr vkSj Ñf"k dk vuqHko eq>s cpiu ls gh gSA eSaus ns[kk gS fd fdl izdkj fdlku@etnwj] muesa Hkh T;knkrj efgyk,a xfeZ;ksa] ?ku?kksj ckfj'k ,oa xyk nsus okyh lfnZ;ksa esa vU; cgqr ls dkeksa ds lkFk fnu&fnu Hkj dej >qdk dj gkM+rksM+ esgur djrh gSaA ^^pkoy efgykvksa dh ihBksa ij mxrk gS** bl dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ djrh gqbZ efgyk,a pkoy mxkus esa 27 ls 84 izfr'kr Je miyC/k djkrh gSa] ftudk u rks dksbZ nke gksrk gS vkSj u gh ml Je dh dksbZ fxurh gksrh gSA th&tku ls vU; fuos'kksa dks rS;kj djus ds dkeksa esa yxs jgus okys Jfed gh okLrfod mRizsjd gksrs gSaA nqHkkZX; ls] le; ds lkFk mudh ;g iwath c<+us ds LFkku ij ?kVrh tkrh gSA oSf'od :i ls] iwjh nqfu;k esa yxHkx 100 djksM+ yksx pkoy mRiknu ds dkeksa esa yxs gq, gSa vkSj muesa 50 djksM+ efgyk,a gSa] tks gesa Hkkstu miyC/k djkus ds fy, viuk 'kkjhfjd Je yxkrh gSaA 50 djksM+ ,oa bl fo'kky vkcknh dh vk/kh ls vf/kd efgyk,a fdlh u fdlh rduhd ls tqM+h gqbZ ,oa mlls izHkkfor gSaA fQj Hkh vHkh rd] lfn;ksa ls pkoy dh [ksrh esa muds }kjk fd;s tkus okys Je dh izÑfr vfuok;Z :i ls fLFkj cuh gqbZ gSA os vHkh Hkh gkFkksa esa gafl;k fy;s uaxs iSjksa viuk vf/kdka'k dke djrh gSaA chekfj;ka ,oa dqiks"k.k vkfn ds gksrs gq, Hkh ?kjsyw ,oa vU; dk;Z gkFkksa&gkFk djrh gSaA bl lUnHkZ esa] ge pkoy mRiknu dh Jh i)fr ij viuh 14

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

jksikbZ gsrq ikS/kksa dks ulZjh ls m[kkM+ dj eq[; [ksr ij tkrh efgyk

le> fodflr djrs gq, ts.Mj ,oa 'kjhj ds egRoi.wkZ enqn~kas dks mifs{kr ugha dj ldrs gAaS

dk;Z djus dh cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke dk vuqHko Jh i)fr pkoy mxkus dh ,d Ñf"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh i)fr gS] ftlls NksVs fdlku Hkh de ikuh o de cht dk mi;ksx dj fcuk jlk;u Mkys vPNk mRiknu ys ldrs gSaA vkerkSj ij blesa Je Hkh de yxrk gSA blds fy, dqN izeq[k laLrqfr;ka gSa &  NksVs ikS/kksa ¼10 fnu ds½ dh jksikbZ  ,d ls nwljh ikS/k ds chp O;kid LFkku  Ckkj&ckj fujkbZ  e'khuhdj.k dks ojh;rk  ck<+ ugha vkus okys {ks=ksa esa [ksr dks gj le; ue cuk;s j[kuk ,oa  tSfod [kkn dk iz;ksx tks fd fdlkuksa dh xfrfof/k;ksa ,oa muds fo'oklksa ls cgqr foijhr gSA ;s foijhr xfrfof/k;ka ,oa mlls tqM+h dk;Z dh ifjfLFkfr;kaa dbZ rjg ds 'kkjhfjd vuqHko ikjEifjd :i ls fujkbZ eas efgykvksa dks ,d ,dM+ [ksr dh fujkbZ djus esa 130&160 ?k.Vs >d q h en q kz eas jguk iM+rk gS tcfd ohMj e'khu ls mrus gh [ksr dh fujkbZ eas ek= 16&25 ?k.Vs yxrs gSaA

djkrh gSaA vU; xfrfof/k;ksa ls bldh fofHkUurk ,oa blls gksus okys Qk;nksa ds n'kkZus ds fy, rkfydk 1 esa foLr`r vkadM+s fn;s x;s gSaA

;g Hkh gS fd ,d ;k nks ikS/kksa dh jksikbZ nwj&nwj djus ds dkj.k Jfedksa dks cgqr nsj rd dhpM+ o ikuh esa ugha jguk iM+rk gSA

cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa dke djus ds vuqHkoksa dks le>us ds fy, & dk;Z djus dk okrkoj.k] ml okrkoj.k esa fcrk;k tkus okyk le;] dk;Z djus dh eqnzk ,oa ml eqnzk esa fcrk;k x;k le;] gkFk esa yh x;h lkexzh dh la[;k ,oa otu] dk;Z dk {ks= ¼tSls& ulZjh dk vkdkj½] dk;ZLFky dh nwjh ,oa dke esa efgyk&iq:"k dh lgHkkfxrk] bu lHkh ekudksa ds Åij foLr`r le> cukuh gksxhA

,d ikS/ks ls nwljs ikS/ks ds chp O;kid nwjh gksus ds dkj.k [kj&irokj ?kkl vf/kd mxrh gS] ftldh gkFkksa ls fujkbZ djuk laHko ugha gSA vr% Jh i)fr esa ohMj ¼fujkbZ ;a=½ dk mi;ksx fcydqy lkekU; ckr gSA ohMj ds iz;ksx ls ,d rjQ rks [kj&irokj dks fu;fU=r fd;k tkrk gS] rks nwljh rjQ ;s e`nk dks HkqjHkqjh cukrs gSa] ftlls e`nk esa gok dk lapj.k i;kZIr :i ls gksrk gS] tks ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa dks c<+us esa lgk;d rFkk e`nk thok'eksa ds fy, ykHkdkjh gksrk gSA ohMj ls fujkbZ djus esa efgykvksa dks LFkkbZ :i ls >qds ugha jguk iM+rk gS] os vklkuh ls viuh eqnzk,a cny ldrh gSaA b/kj&m/kj [kM+h eqnzk esa py ldrh gSaA

Jh i)fr esa] ikS/kkas dh la[;k dks fu;fU=r djus ds fy, ,d ikS/ks ls nwljs ikS/ks ds chp O;kid nwjh j[kh tkrh gSA urhtru izfr ,dM+ vkSlru 2&3 fdxzk0 cht de yxrk gS vkSj ikS/ks rS;kj djus ds fy, ulZjh gsrq NksVs LFkku dh t:jr iM+rh gSA ,d NksVs ulZjh dk eryc gS fd dk;Z ds cks> dk ?kVukA blds vfrfjDr] 8&15 fnukas ds NkVss ik/Skkas dks uljZh ls m[kkMu+s ds fy, cgqr lko/kkuh dh vko';drk gksrh gS rFkk bUgsa ftruh tYnh gks ld]s jkiskbZ dj fn;k tkrk gAS lkekU;r% eq[; [ksr ds ikl gh ulZjh dks rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA blls ulZjh LFky ls eq[; [ksr rd /kku ds ikS/kksa dks ys tkus dh nwjh ?kVrh gSA lkFk gh ulZjh ds ikS/ks dkQh de fnuksa ds gksrs gSaA vr% mudk otu ,oa la[;k Hkh de gksrh gSA ,d Qk;nk

Jh i)fr ls ykHk rHkh laHko gS] tc blds fy, lq>k;s x;s vH;klksa dk vuqikyu lqfuf'pr fd;k tk;s] ijUrq lHkh LFkkuksa ij lHkh laLrqfr;ksa dk ikyu gksuk laHko ugha gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] vf/kdka'k cqtqxZ efgyk,a ohMj ds LFkku ij gkFk ls fujkbZ djuk tkjh j[krh gSaA mUgsa yxrk gS fd ohMj e'khu ls fujkbZ djus esa mudk nnZ ?kVus dh ctk; c<+rk gh gSA ysfdu] mUgksaus crk;k fd tc Jh i)fr ls /kku jksikbZ ds fy, ulZjh ikS/kksa dks m[kkM+k ;k mldh jksikbZ dh rks de fnuksa dk vkSj gYdk /kku esa jksikbZ dk dke dsoy efgykvksa }kjk gh fd;k tkrk gS

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gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa de nnZ gqvkA fdlku rks oSls Hkh Jh i)fr ls [ksrh djus ds ckn vf/kd mit ns[kdj [kq'k gq, gSaA Jfedksa us crk;k fd dVkbZ ds ckn rS;kj cks>s lkekU; /kku ds cks>ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd Hkkjh FksA rkfydk esa n'kkZ;s x;s vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] Jh i)fr efgykvksa ds dk;Z djus dh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ewyHkr cnyko ykrh gSA Jh i)fr esa ,d&nks ikS/kksa dh nwjh ij jksikbZ djus ds dkj.k efgykvksa dks vf/kd nsj rd ikuh 16

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esa ugha jguk iM+rk] ftlls mUgas ty&tfur chekfj;ka Hkh ugha gksrh gSaA tcfd ikjEifjd i)fr esa efgykvksa dks ulZjh ls ikS/ks m[kkM+us] jksikbZ djus] fujkbZ djus vkfn ds fy, lkekU; rkSj ij 400&500 ?k.Vs ikuh esa >qd dj dke djuk iM+rk gSA bldk foijhr vlj muds LokLF; ij iM+rk Fkk] mUgsa cgqr lh tytfur chekfj;ka gks tkrh FkhaA ftlls muds LokLF;] muds dk;Z] cPpksa dh ns[k&Hkky vkfn lHkh ij vlj iM+rk Fkk

vkSj cgqr ckj rks mUgsa chekfj;ksa ls mcjus ds fy, _.k Hkh ysuk iM+rk FkkA efgykvksa us ;g Hkh crk;k fd tc ls os Jh i)fr ls [ksrh djus yxh gSa] rc ls muds gkFkksa vkSj iSjksa esa gksus okys laØe.k esa deh vk;h gS] 'kjhj nnZ de gqvk gS rFkk fnu esa mUgsa [kkuk idkus] [kkus ,oa vkjke djus ds fy, vf/kd le; fey jgk gSA Jh i)fr dks viukus ds izeq[k dkj.k tks leqnk; dh efgykvksa }kjk crk;s x;s muds vuqlkj & vc mUgsa cgqr vf/kd le; rd vius gkFkksa ,oa iSjkas dks ck<+ ds ikuh esa ugha j[kuk iM+rk gS] lkFk gh dqN xfrfof/k;ksa tSls e'khu ls fujkbZ vkfn esa iq:"kksa dh lgHkkfxrk c<+us ls mudk dk;Zcks> de gqvk gS] muds dke ds ?k.Vs de gq, gSa rFkk mudk dke ,oa dke djus dh eqnzk esa ifjorZu vk;k gSA

/;ku nsus dh vko';drk Jh i)fr tSlh Ñf"k ikfjfLFkfrdh ek/;e yksxksa dks xjhc o chekj cukus okys gkfudkjd rRoksa dks c<+kok ugha nsrh gSA pkoy mRiknu ds bl fof'k"V igyw ,oa vkxs vuqla/kku ij cgqr de ppkZ ,oa lkfgR; miyC/k gSaA bu ij /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gSA Bhd blh izdkj] Jfedksa ds 'kjhj ,oa muds dk;Z dks /;ku esa j[kdj rduhdksa@midj.kksa dks fodflr o dke djus ds fy, fMtkbu rS;kj djrs le; efgykvksa ,oa iq#"kksa nksuksa dks 'kkfey djus dh rjQ Hkh izlkj vfHkdj.kksa dks /;ku nsuk t:jh gksxkA tc os Qyrs&Qwyrs gSa] rHkh gekjh Ñf"k c<+sxh vkSj ldkjkRed ifj.kke nsxhA vkSjrksa ds Je dks ?kVkus ij Hkh /;ku nsus dh vko';drk gSA

vkHkkj eSa okf'kaxVu ;wfuoflZVh & ,uMCY;wvks&MCY;wvksVhvkjvks] uhnjyS.M dh lqJh vksfyfo;k osUV ,oa Mk0 uksjeu migkQ dk g`n; ls vkHkkjh gwa] ftUgksaus mRlkgo/kZu dj ,oa QhMcSd nsdj gekjs 'kks/k dks iw.kZ djus esa lgk;rk nhA eSa mu lHkh yksxksa dk /kU;okn Kkiu djrh g¡w] ftUgksaus viuh tkudkfj;ka eq>ls lk>k dha rFkk eSa lkaHko] mM+hlk] Hkkjr ds vius lg;ksfx;ksa dk Hkh /kU;okn nsrh g¡w] ftUgkasus eq>s 'kks/k dk;Z djus dh mi;qDr ifjfLFkfr;ka iznku dhaA âæÕÚU×Ìè çÅU·¤è ©UÇ¸Uèâæ, ÖæÚUÌ ×ð´ Á×èÙ âð ÁéÇ¸Uè °·¤ â¢SÍæ- âæ¢Öß ·ð¤ âæÍ ÂØæüßÚU‡æ °ß¢ Áð‡ÇUÚU ·ð¤ ×éÎï÷Îð ÂÚU ·¤æ× ·¤ÚU ÚUãUè ãñU¢ ÌÍæ ßæçàæ¢¢»ÅUÙ ØêçÙßçâüÅUè, ÙèÎÚUÜñ‡ÇU âð ÇUæ€ÅUÚðUÅU ·¤ÚU ÚUãUè ãñU¢Ð §ü-×ðÜ Ñ sabarmatee@gmail.com

Women forging change

Issues and Themes of LEISA INDIA Published in English 1999-2015 V.1, No. 1, 1999 - Markets for LEISA and Organic products V.1, No. 2, 1999 - Stakeholders in Research V.1, No. 3, 1999 - Restoring biodiversity V.2, No. 1, 2000 - Desertification V.2, No. 2, 2000 - Farmer innovations V.2, No. 3, 2000 - Farming in the forest V.2, No. 4, 2000 - Monocultures towards sustainability V.3, No. 1, 2001 - Coping with disaster V.3, No. 2, 2001 - Go global stay local V.3, No. 3, 2001 - Lessons in scaling up V.3, No. 4, 2001 - Biotechnology V.4, No. 1, 2002 Managing Livestock V.4, No. 2, 2002 - Rural Communication V.4, No. 3, 2002 - Recreating living soil V.4, No. 4, 2002 - Women in agriculture V.5, No. 1, 2003 - Farmers Field School V.5, No. 2, 2003 - Ways of water harvesting V.5, No. 3, 2003 - Access to resources V.5, No. 4, 2003 - Reversing Degradation V.6, No. 1, 2004 - Valuing crop diversity V.6, No. 2, 2004 - New generation of farmers V.6, No. 3, 2004 - Post harvest Management V.6, No. 4, 2004 - Farming with nature V.7, No. 1, 2005 - On Farm Energy V.7, No. 2, 2005 - More than Money V.7, No. 3, 2005 - Contribution of Small Animals V.7, No. 4, 2005 - Towards Policy Change V.8, No. 1, 2006 - Documentation for Change V.8, No. 2, 2006 - Changing Farming Practices V.8, No. 3, 2006 - Knowledge Building Processes V.8, No. 4, 2006 - Nurturing Ecological Processes V.9, No. 1, 2007 - Farmers Coming together V.9, No. 2, 2007 - Securing Seed Supply V.9, No. 3, 2007 - Healthy Produce, People and Environment V.9, No. 4, 2007 - Ecological Pest Management V.10, No. 1, 2008 -Towards Fairer Trade V.10. No. 2, 2008 - Living soils V.10, No. 3, 2008 - Farming and Social Inclusion V.10, No. 4, 2008 - Dealing with Climate Change V.11, No. 1, 2009 - Farming Diversity V.11, No. 2, 2009 - Farmers as Entrepreneurs V.11, No. 3, 2009 - Women and Food Sovereignty V.11, No. 4, 2009 - Scaling up and sustaining the gains V.12, No.1, 2010 - Livestock for sustainable livelihoods V.12, No.2, 2010 - Finance for farming V.12, No.3, 2010 - Managing water for sustainable farming V.13, No.1, 2011 - Youth in farming V.13, No.2, 2011 - Trees and farming V.13, No.3, 2011 - Regional Food System V.13, No.4, 2011 - Securing Land Rights V.14, No.1, 2012 - Insects as Allies V.14, No.2, 2012 - Greening the Economy V.14, No.3, 2012- Farmer Organisations V. 14, No.4, 2012- Combating Desertification V. 15, No.1, 2013- SRI: A scaling up success V. 15, No.2, 2013- Farmers and market V. 15, No.3, 2013- Education for change V. 15, No.4, 2013- Strengthening family farming V. 16, No. 1, 2014- Cultivating farm biodiversity V. 16, No. 2, 2014- Family farmers breaking out of poverty V. 16, No. 3, 2014- Family farmers and sustainable landscapes V. 16, No. 4, 2014- Family farming and nutrition V. 17, No. 1, 2015- Soils for life V. 17, No. 2, 2015- Rural-urban linkages V. 17, No. 3, 2015- Water-lifeline for livelihoods V. 17, No. 4, 2015- Women forging change

LEISA INDIA, Vol. 17, No.4, Dec. 2015

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{ 17

lkewfgd :i ls lfCt+;ksa dh [ksrh djrha lnL;

Uâæ×éÎæçØ·¤ âãUØæð» âð ¹æl ¥âéÚUÿææ ·¤æð ¿éÙæñÌè ÅUè.·ð¤. ¥æð×Ùæ efgykvksa dh {kerk ,oa vkRefo'okl c<+k dj] muds vUnj ekStwn n{krk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, iqupZdzhdj.k ds ek/;e ls Ñf"k vk/kkfjr xfrfof/k;ksa gsrq vko';d ,oa ,dhÑr lHkh mikxeksa ds fy, lg;ksx iznku dj efgykvksa dks l'kDr cukrs gq, dsjy dh xjhc efgykvksa dks xjhch ds nyny ls ckgj fudkyus esa lg;ksx feyk gSA dsjy esa] efgyk fdlku [kk| Qlyksa tSls & /kku] dUn ,oa lfCt+;kas dh [ksrh esa l?kurk ls layXu jgh gSaA 1970 ls ;gka ij ,d cM+k ifjorZu gqvk vkSj yksx thou fuokZg djus okyh Qlyksa tSls pkoy vkSj vjoh dh [ksrh dks NksM+dj udnh Qlyksa tSls dkyh fepZ] dkWQh] vnjd vkSj jcj dh [ksrh djus yxsA ,d rks ;gka dh [kjkc e`nk vkSj ty laj{k.k xfrfof/k;ka vkSj Åij ls mu ij dh tk jgh l?ku [ksrh] bu nksuksa dh otg ls Ñf"k mRikndrk esa fxjkoV vkus yxhA fiNys n”kd ds nkSjku] Ñf"k dh c<+rh ykxr ds lkFk dhVksa&O;kf/k;ksa dk c<+rk izdksi] ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV vkfn ds dkj.k fdlku]

ÜèÊææ §ç‡ÇUØæ, çßàæðá çãU‹Îè â¢S·¤ÚU‡æ, ÁêÙU w®v{

[ksfrgj etnwj ,oa [ksrh fdlkuh ls tqM+s vU; dkexj fujUrj xjhc ls xjhcrj gksrs tk jgs gSaA o"kZ 2004 esa ok;ukM ftys ds nks iapk;rksa esa ^^jkLrk** }kjk ,d v/;;u fd;k x;k] ftlds ifj.kke ;g n”kkZrs gSa fd [kk| Qlyksa esa yxus okys Je esa efgykvksa dk ;ksxnku 90 izfr”kr gSA ysfdu udnh Qlyksa tSls dsyk vkfn dh [ksrh djus dk lcls vf/kd dqizHkko efgykvksa ds Åij iM+kA ^^jkLrk** ds gky ds vuqeku ds vuqlkj] ok;ukM ftys esa] /kku dh [ksrh dk {ks=Qy 40000 gsDVs;j ls ?kVdj ek= 12000 gsDVs;j jg x;k gS vkjS ifzr Ñf"k l= eas efgykvkas dks feyus okys dk;Z fnolksa esa yxHkx 150000 fnuksa dh deh vk;h gSA

l'kDr gksrh efgyk,a jkLrk] ok;ukM ftys esa xzkeh.k leqnk;] fo”ks"kdj efgykvksa] ijEijkxr leqnk;ksa ,oa lhekUr fdlkuksa dh leL;kvksa ds Åij o"kZ 1987 ls dke dj jgk gSA efgykvksa dks l”kDr cukuk bldk 'kq: ls gh ,d eq[; y{; jgk gSA jkLrk us 1990 esa xzkeh.k ,oa vkfnoklh efgykvksa dks ,d= dj ^^cpr ,oa _.k lewg** cuk;k] iwjs ftys esa yxHkx 12000 xjhc ifjokjksa dks bl izdkj