Graphics:leigh singleton:ledger

DECEMBER 15 – 21, 2017

www.TNLedger.com

Page 27 – Section A

‘Ugly’ Titans offense can no longer be ignored It had been festering for weeks, but the Tennessee Titans seemed to push the matter aside as they were squeezing out Sports close wins against the

By TERRY NFL’s third-easiest McCORMICK schedule.

“Winning ugly” is how it was seen through rose-colored glasses, with an 8-4 record as exhibit 1.

The Titans were finding ways to win, despite not playing their best, racking up victories against the Luck-less Colts, the Watson-less Texans and other dregs like the Bengals and winless Browns.

Not to worry, the optimists said while adjusting their tinted shades, the offense will come around.

But now, after Sunday’s desert debacle, the 8-5 Titans can no longer play off their passing bad as just a passing fad.

Nor can they ignore that Marcus Mariota has regressed to the point where they really don’t know what to expect from him on a game-to-game basis.

For a guy who seemed destined for superstardom toward the end of his second NFL season, Mariota now posts passing numbers more reminiscent of Vince Young or Jake Locker with just 10 touchdown passes and 14 interceptions.

His passer rating is now 76.9 for the year, placing him behind the likes of Colts fill-in Jacoby Brissett, Blake Bortles, Eli Manning and Jay Cutler.

He ranks 25th in the NFL among QBs with 300 or more passing attempts.

So, with three weeks left in the regular season and the Titans desperately needing

to squeeze out wins to secure their first playoff berth in nine years, what can be done to fix Mariota and the offense?

Probably not much, until or unless Mariota regains his edge or the Titans find ways to play better around him.

Coach Mike Mularkey insists the Titans’ offensive woes are, to use his words, “very fixable.”

One thing is certain: Whatever is very fixable, there is certainly a lot of it that needs to be fixed.

“There’s things in life that aren’t (fixable); this is one that is,” Mularkey says. “We’ve got a good group, we’ve got a very good staff – very, very veteran staff that’s been in a lot of meetings and a lot of rooms, and a lot of games and been with a lot of players.

“Fortunately these guys trust what we’re going to do – again, looking it all over, how we can get better, everybody is. It’s being addressed.”

On Monday, Mularkey admitted that part of Mariota’s problems stem from his injuries, and he has a new one, a left knee sprain, that occurred during Sunday’s 12-7 loss to the Cardinals.

Mariota’s injury issues this season are well-documented and actually date back to last year, when he broke his right fibula on Christmas Eve against Jacksonville.

The offseason was spent rehabbing that injury, not readying to take the next step as a quarterback. And when Mariota admitted that many of his errant throws have been the result of poor technique and not setting his feet and stepping into his passes, the logical conclusion is that the leg injury is affecting his throws.

Mularkey, when asked if Mariota

Offensive woes Despite an 8-5 record, both the Titans and quarterback Marcus Mariota are struggling with consistency. The Dec. 10 12-7 loss at Arizona was a low point for both.

Mariota’s QB rating 104 79

78

100

99

98

100

Mariota’s avg.: 76.9*

80

78

72

67

69

60

52

Total points per game for the Titans 37

36

33 26

39

20

Season average: 21.7 points

24

23

10

0

24 17

14

40

20

12 7

† i re rs lis nd lis lle ati on tle on na gh ide sonvi Seat oust Miam napo vela ltimo cinn sbur napo oust rizo a A e t R l a n H t k a a i H i i C B P Ci Jac Ind Ind

Teams in bold type were home games. * †

As of Dec. 11, Mariota ranks 25th among QBs with 300 or more passing attempts.

Mariota did not play in the Miama game. Matt Cassell subbed for him earning a rating of 85.

Source: National Football League The Ledger

might be affected physically or even subconsciously, says maybe at first, but the in-season injuries (a strained hamstring and now a sprained knee) are to blame, as well.

“Maybe earlier in the year I’d say yes

to that (leg injury affecting his throws),” Mularkey says. “I don’t know as much now as much as the injuries he’s sustained during this year affecting those, like this last one.”

TITANS >> PAGE 28

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fantastic,” says David McGowan, Regent Homes president.

The upside of growth is that Nashville’s older neighborhoods are seeing new investment, he says. But there is a darker undercurrent.

“One thing people don’t realize is there is a shortage of housing stock in Nashville.

Fewer homes were built in 2016 than in 2015. There are 100 people a day moving to Nashville. Where are they supposed to find houses?” McGowan asks.

Demand is high, but there are fewer homes listed for sale across the region than there were last year. There were 7,276 homes listed for sale last month. In March 2016 there were 7,926.

Predictably, prices are heading in the opposite direction. The median price of a house in the region was $273,500 in March. A year ago, it was $245,000, Greater Nashville Realtors statistics show.

The competition for homes can be brutal. Realtor Bruce Jones recently advised a client to include an escalator clause in the offer. Whatever someone else offered, his client agreed to pay more for the property, a tear-down in Green Hills.

“We still lost out,” says Jones, broker for Re/Max Fine Homes in Brentwood.

Everyone else had the same idea. The seller received eight offers with escalator clauses. Four were for cash.

“That’s aggressive,” adds Jones, who

Dicke rson Pk.

From page 4

Page 27 – Section A

Ell ing

>> REAL ESTATE

www.TNLedger.com

440 24

L Leigh Melton Singleton | The Ledger

in addition to being a Realtor is building $1 million-plus homes in Green Hills on Belmont Park Terrace and Castleman and

Overhill drives.

“We built some across the street last year and they sold in five days,” he

explains.

For Racquel Martin, rising prices meant REAL ESTATE >> PAGE 28

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Court reporting: How it works

By Linda Bryant | Correspondent

Stenographic court reporters have been the silent witnesses responsible for creating an official record of the most important trials and moments of history.

They had front row seats at the historic Nuremberg trials, keeping a verbatim record of the Nazi war tribunals. More recently, they performed similar work during the Rwandan trials in Arusha, Tanzania, and provided real-time captioning on 9/11.

What separates a court reporter from a typist?

Court reporters are trained to input a specialized shorthand into a stenotype machine, which can be instantly converted into English text thanks to advancements in technology although court reporters continue to be an integral component of the legal system.

These professionals serve a variety of fields outside courtrooms and depositions, providing speech-to-text solutions for broadcast, educational, business, medical and community settings.

Here are some key facts: n There are generally two employment segments for a stenographic court reporter: freelance and official. Freelance reporters account for 72 percent of the market and include those who work as independent contractors and for court reporting agencies. Freelance reporters primarily take depositions and examinations under oath. Official reporters account for the remaining 28 percent of supply in the United States and are employed by the court systems. n Captioning, both on-site and remote, is a relatively small percentage of stenographic court reporting demand, yet captioners are bringing a heightened and updated view to the profession. There are currently fewer than 1,000 stenographic court reporters dedicated exclusively to captioning, but that number is expected to dramatically increase in the future. n There are approximately 32,000 >> REPORTING

APRIL 21 – 27, 2017

www.TNLedger.com

Section A - Page 8

From page 7

speed for certification,” Curry adds.

“Tennessee will give you a year-anda-half temporary license during which you can pass for certification. But you must be able to demonstrate you went to school and that you passed the test for graduation.”

Because technology has become so advanced in recent years, the most successful court reporters willingly adapt to – and learn as much as they can about – whatever new gizmos, gadgets and programs are available to enhance what they offer to clients.

In other words, not only do you need to be good with words and grammar to succeed at the profession, it’s going to help you tremendously if you are a bit of a technology geek, or at least patience enough to learn a new technical skill.

Elite Reporting Services offers “realtime” reporting, which is the typical term for transcription by court reporters, using specialized techniques that can deliver text within a few seconds of words being

stenographic court reporters working as court reporters in the United States.

The opportunity for new stenographic court reporters is substantial over the next five years and beyond. The established, coming shortage of court reporters presents a one-time, substantial opportunity for those seeking a lucrative career with a secure future. Court reporting schools are usually quickly able to connect their graduates with jobs. n There are approximately 52 National Court Reporters Association-approved schools and about 100 total schools, according to the NCRA. n Court reporting is a profession that requires frequent and continuous practice to maintain a level of competency demanded in the marketplace, often measured in accuracy and words per minute). Some students drop out before they reach the skill set required to become a freelance or official court reporter. n Court reporter certification provides immediate verification of competency.

Roughly half of states within the U.S., including Tennessee, require individuals to pass qualification exams before operating as stenographic court reporters. n The title “court reporter” is somewhat misleading, as only 28 percent of stenographic court reporters actually work inside a courtroom. Most operate on a freelance basis doing legal depositions or providing ADA-compliant captioning for medical transcriptions. Others work in educational settings or at business meetings. n Court reporting school directors report that in order for enrollment rates to increase, awareness levels must be elevated among potential students and their key influencers, namely parents and school counselors. In recent years, high school counselors generally favor traditional four-year colleges and universities over vocational or two-year programs, including court reporting. n Court reporting program directors indicate that competition for educational spoken. Highly specialized software allows participants in court hearings or depositions to make notes in the text and highlight portions for future reference.

“One reason Elite is in high demand is we have the most certified real-time reporters (seven reporters) in the state within one group,” Curry says.

No easy answers One reason why the court reporter shortage remains a pesky problem is because trained professionals are aging and younger people aren’t flocking to fill the void.

The average age of a court reporter is 53, NCRA reports, while the average age for American workers is a decade younger.

And thousands working court reporters are expected to retire in the next few years.

“We’re trying to find a way to appeal to millennials and to school guidance counselors to spread the word,” Curry points out. “It’s a lucrative profession, but when people see it as just a certificate, it doesn’t sound as glamorous as college.”

Nativa Wood, president of the NCRA,

Tool of the court reporter Using phonetic simplification – such as recording “weigh” as “way” – individualized shortcuts and a special machine – the Stenotype –a stenographic reporter can keep up with the dialogue in a courtroom or during a deposition.

While a good typist on a QWERTY keyboard can type as fast as 80 words per minute, human speech is commonly about 180 to 200 words/minute. A good reporter, using phonetic spelling and chording (pressing multiple keys at once, much like playing chords on a piano) and other individualized shortcuts can record up to 250 words per minute. (Top stenographers can write up to 350 words/minute).

The stenograph machine contains just 22 characters. The left hand keys are for the beginning sounds of words and the right hand keys cover the ending sounds.

Something is fishy Court reporters might spell “fish” as TPEURB. The chorded letters TP represent the “F”sound, the EU combination represents the “I”sound, and the chord RB represents the “SH”sound.

Ending consonants

Initial consonants 1

Upper bank Lower bank

2

3

4

7

8

9

S T P H * F P L T D S K W R * R B G S Z A O E U 5

0

STENOTYPED TRANSCRIPTION

WORD cat the lines guidelines

6

K

PRONOUNCIATION

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T

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L

E UPB E UPB AI

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“cat” “the” “lines” “glainz”

Z

Source: http://www.acrdepos.com/ Leigh Singleton | The Ledger

dollars is also directly impacting enrollment. Often, many majors/ programs are competing for the same pool of financial resources, and collegiate administrators are inclined to distribute

more funding to the concentrations that are likely to have higher placement rates and projected future earnings.

says much of the battle lies in finding people who are looking for career alternatives. It might be a motivated, talented student interested in bypassing the expense of a four-year degree, someone who’s already graduated from college but hasn’t found rewarding work or a career changer who’s ready for a fresh new profession.

“The main thing we’re working on is Wood bringing awareness to court reporting as an option,” Woods says. “It may be the new career you never thought of. “(We want to reach out) to veterans to let them know court reporting is out there for them to learn,” she adds. “We think some veterans have the structure and discipline it takes to succeed.”

But creating a new generation of court reporters might be harder than it sounds, even though the pay is high and training doesn’t require a four-year degree.

One reason: the discipline and practice it takes to learn the proper skills automatically weeds out some people.

And, access to education is tricky since many brick and mortar schools have been shuttered over the past 20 years.

Increasingly, aspiring court reporters enroll in online programs out of necessity.

Not everyone in the industry thinks online is the way to go. Many say they believe in-person instruction is a far superior way to learn a trade that requires so much practice and mentoring.

“My heart goes out to students studying online,’’ says Sheila Wilson, owner of Chattanooga-based Wilson Reporting Services.

“You have to be super-disciplined to pull that off.’’

Wilson, who has been a court reporter since 1986, employs four full-time and several part-time reporters at her firm.

“Chattanooga had an abundance of court reporters at one time,” Wilson says, explaining that Chattanooga State

Source: Drucker Worldwide, National Court Reporters Association

REPORTING >> PAGE 13

SEPTEMBER 22 – 28, 2017 >> POLICE

www.TNLedger.com From page 2

more likely to come to neighborhood meetings or events and make visits through the neighborhood that involve communicating with residents when no crime is being committed.

Police precincts serving Davidson County 1 Circled numbers

“There is still a tension’ It’s no secret in Nashville that some residents in the city’s less affluent – and primarily minority neighborhoods – often don’t trust the police enough to build strong relationships, and the results are predictable.

Kennetha Patterson, who says she has lived in Hermitage and the Edgehill neighborhood, explains her experiences with MNPD have often been problematic, although she notes that she’s had positive experiences.

“You always remember when they distribute toys at Christmas, and I did see them handing out groceries at a block party yesterday.

“There’s just not enough trust at this time, and in some neighborhoods police still have a negative connotation that works against them,” Patterson acknowledges.

“People end up being scared to call the police for just about anything. I don’t think everyone has this experience, but some people in black neighborhoods really do end up saying to themselves, ‘If I call the police they might not help me, I’m going to get in trouble.’”

Patterson adds she called the police about a critical incident involving a dispute between two drivers (she was a passenger) two years ago, in which she felt “marginalized.”

“I ended up feeling like my concerns weren’t addressed or even listened to,” she says. “I’d venture to say that there are people here who don’t feel like the police are on their side. There’s still a tension between the community and the police in some places in Nashville.

“I just don’t know how you can get people in some of these neighborhoods to call the police when they have something important to report if they are scared, to begin with.”

Though Woodland-in-Waverly is within walking distance to Edgehill, and both areas are diverse and going through gentrification, Edgehill has many more residents – more than 5,000 – and has a higher poverty and crime rate than Woodland-in-Waverly.

The crime difference between the two districts is notable.

Statistics compiled by Trulia for home buyers and sellers show four arrests, 13 counts of assault, six counts of vandalism, 13 counts of theft and two counts of burglary in Woodland-in-Waverly this year.

Edgehill, by comparison, had 199 counts of theft, 194 counts of assault, 160 arrests, 66 counts of vandalism and 55 counts of burglary.

“Anything they [the police] can do that makes them seem less intimidating is great for neighborhoods,” Patterson adds.

“I just think this is a mistrust that gets passed down the line year after year. The more the experience changes, the more real lasting change can happen in our neighborhoods.

“So many little kids want to grow up and be an officer, but in the

Page 9 – Section A

indicate Council districts

10

MADISON PRECINCT

24

1

65

3 3

NORTH PRECINCT

8

24

8 2 20 21 35

EAST 7 PRECINCT

14

5

19

Source: Nashville Metro Government

11

9

6

CENTRAL PRECINCT

15

HERMITAGE PRECINCT

40

12

40

WEST PRECINCT

24

65

17

13 16

25

23

22 40

34

35

18

MIDTOWN HILLS PRECINCT 65

440

29 26

28

30

32

27 31

4

33

24

SOUTH PRECINCT

Crime reports The below chart lists crime reports for 2016 using the FBI designated Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) classification. These Part I crimes include eight selected crime classifications (murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson) because they are the crimes most likely to be reported, they are most likely to occur with sufficient frequency to provide an adequate basis for comparison and are serious crimes by nature.

Total UCR Council Violent Property Part 1 District incidents incidents incidents 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

191 465 285 37 340 355 217 254 248 108 157 136 250 161 265 261 381 28

393 1,137 859 264 889 952 632 936 661 717 777 329 629 816 1,355 965 1,030 232

584 1,602 1,144 301 1,229 1,307 849 1,190 909 825 934 465 879 977 1,620 1,226 1,411 260

Percent of county Council Violent total District incidents 1.8% 4.9% 3.5% 0.9% 3.8% 4.0% 2.6% 3.6% 2.8% 2.5% 2.9% 1.4% 2.7% 3.0% 5.0% 3.8% 4.3% 0.8%

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35

886 154 634 58 47 68 27 199 154 283 175 253 100 207 96 27 58

Total UCR Property Part 1 incidents incidents 2,282 842 1,266 349 216 517 537 684 500 692 529 539 509 630 402 366 634

3,168 996 1,900 407 263 585 564 883 654 975 704 792 609 837 498 393 692

Percent of county total 9.7% 3.1% 5.8% 1.2% 0.8% 1.8% 1.7% 2.7% 2.0% 3.0% 2.2% 2.4% 1.9% 2.6% 1.5 % 1.2 % 2.1 %

Notes: Council District boundaries do not overlay precisely with the geographic reporting areas designed and used by the MNPD. This report provides a static piece of information on those crimes reported during the stated time frame based on the date of this report. Preliminary offense classifications are based upon initial information provided to the MNPD by the reporting parties, complainants, and witnesses. However, based on the nature of policing, preliminary offense classifications may change at a later date based upon further investigation. This report excludes incident reports taken by the Belle Meade, Goodlettsville, Tennessee State University, and Vanderbilt University Police Departments.

neighborhoods I’ve lived in something happens along the way to make them change their mind.”

Patterson also is concerned about gentrification affects in Nashville, particularly in Edgehill, where she questions whether the upscale 12South

neighborhood is taking resources away from more modest neighborhoods such as Edgehill.

“It seems like I see the police ride around a lot, but I’ve seen more in 12South than Edgehill,” she points out.

“Sometimes it feels like they are trying

to keep the outside people out of that neighborhood when the focus needs to be on the safety of all the neighborhoods, especially where the kids are.”

Gaining trust over time Sgt. Michelle Jones, community POLICE >> PAGE 13

JUNE 30 – JULY 6, 2017

www.TNLedger.com

Page 7 – Section A

Neighbors on both sides sure they have right answer

By Linda Bryant | Correspondent

The final decision over the reconfiguration of Eighth Avenue South will likely not be made until sometime in 2018.

Meanwhile, passions continue to run high on both sides of the debate.

A genuine community brouhaha has developed.

Why are people so vigorously engaged in this issue?

Robert Cherry, who lives two blocks south of Wedgewood Avenue off Eighth

to redevelop.

“Nashville has had a serious issue with keeping our roads up to date in order to handle the increased traffic volume from the burbs which has created the Eighth Avenue South mess,” Cherry adds. “And our city planners can’t seem to agree on the best way to feasibly add mass transit to all five counties which comprise Metro Nashville.”

There also seems to be a genuine cultural divide between commuters who increasingly rely on thoroughfares to avoid traffic-saturated interstates and a

particular niche of city dwellers – those who rely less on cars and place a high priority on walkable neighborhoods.

And Nashville is not alone.

Cities across the country – from Seattle to Boulder to Charlotte to Los Angeles – have had similar heated community debates about these road reconfigurations, often called road diets.

With organized citizens lining up on both sides of the issue, it appears Nashville is in for a protracted debate about the NEIGHBORS >> PAGE 12

From page 2

Not so fast Smith and many opponents say they believe they are in the majority, but gauging public sentiment is difficult at this point in the debate.

When The Ledger asked for input from the opposition’s group’s Facebook page we received many forceful responses detailing reasons for opposition.

But many emails from diehard proponents came in from people who said they have formidable support.

Included in the responses for supporters were emails from people who had switched

Laf aye tte St.

Divisio n St .

. S. Ave 6th

City of Nashville,” McBride offers. “To make Franklin Pike two lanes from Berry Road to Korean Vets Boulevard would cripple the local businesses, cause massive congestion for residents, and all other drivers, and cause people to lose faith in their local government.

“This is a terrible idea. I’d prefer eight lanes.”

Janet Schreibman, owners of Brentwood-based Schreibman Creative Services, is upset about the plan as a longtime commuter.

“Residing on the Davidson County edge of Brentwood near the intersection of Franklin Road and Old Hickory Boulevard, my family and neighbors use Franklin Road as a primary thoroughfare when heading north, particularly when I-65 experiences crippling congestion – which is becoming exceedingly more frequent,” Schriebman explains.

“Franklin Road between Woodmont and Wedgewood already has serious traffic issues which are exacerbated during rush hour in both directions. I can only imagine how much more this problem will increase once the high-rise residences currently under construction on Franklin Road are occupied, many with multiplevehicle families.

“To me, reducing vehicle traffic to two lanes in order to accommodate bike lanes is not the answer.”

rans Vete n a e Kor Blvd.

8th Ave. S.

>> EIGHTH

Avenue South, says the intensity of the debate is connected to Nashville’s stratospheric growth and to residents’ frustration with issues related to that growth, particularly traffic.

“This has been brewing for almost 20 years now,” Cherry says. “We have 100plus new people a day still moving here with no place to live.

“After our first five residential high rises went up and sold, builders began pushing new construction to the surrounding downtown areas from East Nashville to Vanderbilt looking for cheaper property

65 40

40

South S t.

Fort Negley

E. S. Rose Park Edgehill Ave.

Chestnu t St .

Michelle Morrow | The Ledger

“Say No to Gridlock” signs are seen along 8th Ave. South near Wedgewood Ave. outside businesses that are not happy with the idea of taking away lanes to add a center turn lane as well as possible bike lanes.

from con to pro after reading details of the plan. Some say they believe that the “pros” are in the majority.

“When I first read about the Eighth Avenue plan, my gut feeling was against it,” says area resident Phillip Granke.

“However, after considering what the experts have to say, I trust them and understand how the plan will have minimal improvements to traffic.

“The real reason for the ‘road diet’ is to create a neighborhood environment for the rapidly increasing number of Eighth Avenue residents. At the very worst, the plan is only paint on the ground and could be quickly reversed if necessary. So, let’s trust the experts and give it a go.”

A “road diet” is a technique in transportation planning in which the number of travel lanes and/or effective width of the road is reduced in order to achieve systemic improvements.

Michael Graziano, a resident of the Battlemont neighborhood, between Woodmont and Battlefield, who commutes via bicycle on Eighth Avenue South to his office on Craighead Avenue, agrees with Granke.

“I suspect you will receive a great deal of input from the anti-plan contingent,” Graziano writes. “There’s a smallbut-vocal chorus, who are stridently opposed to the plan. At the end of the day their resistance seems, to me, to boil down to the fact that they cannot bear the

thought of a moment’s inconvenience to accommodate others who don’t share their apparent, and perhaps even unconscious, disdain for pedestrians, cyclists and, most importantly, change.

“In their minds because Eighth Avenue was originally defined as a U.S. Highway it should still look and function like a U.S. Highway.”

Like Graziano, area resident Collin Brown says he believes some opponents don’t realize that many of the areas adjoining Eighth Avenue South are fast-growing neighborhoods with young families and residents who want to be able to walk or bike safely down the portions of the street.

“Many years ago, Eighth Avenue/ Franklin Road was a highway. Then, I-65 was constructed, and now it’s a part of the 12th South/Melrose Community,” Brown points out.

“This neighborhood wants to feel connected; people want to be able to walk, to bike, to enjoy the benefits of the neighborhood on foot and up close.

The huge number of commuters now cutting through Eighth Avenue for the morning and afternoon commutes greatly decreases the neighborhood feeling in the community.

“Nashville needs to address its transportation problem, and we cannot allow congestion on Eighth Avenue to be a reason not to develop our roads in a manner that favors the local communities EIGHTH >> PAGE 11

65 Hamilto n Ave.

Reservoir Park

Wedg ewood A ve.

Benton Ave.

e. s Av gla u S. D o

e. rd Av Bradfo

Portion of 8th Avenue S. corridor proposed for lane revisions (in white)

Heights Hillview

Craighead St.

e Ave. Montros

Kirkwood Ave.

.

Berry Rd Gale Lan

e

440

1 4 MILE

e Lan on s p Woodmont Blvd. / T h om Leigh Melton Singleton | The Ledger

JUNE 30 – JULY 6, 2017

Study participants favor turn-lane In 2016, the city of Berry Hill held design meetings, open to the public, about improvements to the stretch of 8th Avenue from Wedgewood south to Gale Lane - the portion of the road within their city. Input was sought from business owners and residents, and many favored a three-lane, "road diet" option. Scenario B proved to be the option rated most favorably.

K/ BIK TR E AN SIT EC O VIT NOM AL IC IT Y TR AF FIC

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with a continuous center Scenario B 3turnlanes, lane; Buffered bike lanes

BIK TR E AN SIT EC O VIT NOM AL IC IT Y TR AF FIC

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Scenario A scored highest for moving vehicles, while B scored highest in the other four categories.

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lanes, with a reversible lane for peak Scenario C 3period traffic; Buffered bike lanes

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Scenario C scored in the middle for most priorities.

SA F

Several small business owners on Eighth Avenue South, including Zanie’s Comedy Night Club, Gruhn Guitars, Douglas Corner Cafe, Flip, Pour House Nashville, Urban Juicer and American Motor Sports, are actively opposed to the bike lanes portion of the plan. At the same time, they are generally supportive of some of the other proposed changes.

“We all want a safer Eighth Avenue,” says Smith of CEadvisory. “We are in favor of crosswalks, sidewalk improvements and speed-calming measures. Choking traffic down to two travel lanes, however, is simply not appropriate for a major corridor with as much traffic as Eighth Avenue.”

Smith says more and more businesses are joining the opposition as word gets out.

But some other businesses are committed to the plan, including Craft Brewed, ML Rose restaurants, Zolli Koffee and David Mangum, an attorney with an office on Eighth Avenue South.

“I’m headed into my fifth summer at my location and, each year more and more folks are trying to walk through our neighborhood,” says Zollie Wilson, owner of Zolli Koffee at 701 8th Ave. S. “I support the redesign because I see people – customers, residents and tourists – struggling to cross the street.

“I feel the redesign will make walking and biking safer and more attractive to people and they might choose to walk four blocks instead of drive.”

Wilson says he’s a little surprised by the strong backlash to the proposed lane reduction.

“I think (opponents) don’t understand the benefits of this project from a safety or ambience view,” he explains. “Any business with outdoor seating along the corridor will enjoy having the bike lane buffer between cars and customers. While three lanes will reduce the number of cars that can get through during rush hour, I think more of those cars will be on our street to visit our businesses and less cars using it as an alternative to the interstate.

“Additionally, the people in the cars will be able to notice more of the quirks and businesses in each of the neighborhoods that help make them special.”

Austin Ray, owner of ML Rose Craft Beer & Burgers at 2535 8th Ave. S., is a committed supporter.

“As both a neighbor and the owner of three neighborhood-based establishments in Eighth Avenue /Melrose, I am supportive of planning that considers walkability as well as cars,” Ray says.

“Eighth Avenue South is clearly a dangerous place to walk or ride a bicycle.

To me, doing nothing to help the current situation is not an option.

“When you look at other parts of town, you’ll see if you provide great retail and restaurants, plus the ability to walk, bike and drive, something really amazing

Participants in the design review meetings evaluated the design scenarios based on the established priorities for improvements: safety, walk/bike, transit, economic vitality, and traffic. Each scenario was given a score of 1 (low), 2, or 3 (high).

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Businesses react

“Report card” score

WA L

Scenario A

4 lanes; No change from current configuration

2

K/

surrounding these roads,” Brown says.

“The commuter traffic fragments the neighborhood, while bringing significant noise and pollution to the area.”

Brown calls the proposed changes “an excellent plan to create a more vibrant, walkable and enjoyable neighborhood surrounding Eighth Avenue.”

WA L

From page 7

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>> EIGHTH

www.TNLedger.com

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happens in every case,” Ray adds. “You achieve a sense of place where people want to be, where they want to get out of their cars.”

Safety and what’s next Nora Kern, executive director of Walk/ Bike Nashville, says she’s primarily concerned about what she sees as escalating safety issues with the Eighth Avenue South corridor.

“Over the past five years, there have been 325 injured, 800 crashes and three people killed,” Kern notes. “We can’t have people getting killed. We see in other cities where similar measures have been adopted (for) as much as a 50 percent reduction in crashes.”

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Source: Franklin Pike Multimodal Study, 2016, prepared

by Kimley-Horn Leigh Melton Singleton | The Ledger

Walk/Bike Nashville, a non-profit organization that promotes walkable and bikeable solutions in Nashville, has conducted 1-mile “tours” of portions of Eighth Avenue South to illustrate how treacherous certain parts of the road are.

“People just aren’t aware of how many people get injured on the street, and they have never walked it,” she says, adding that some people who took the tour in April “changed their perspective” and became proponents.

Joe Baker, city manager of Berry Hill, says many people don’t realize that the timeline for any changes, which was originally slated for 2017, has been changed to 2018.

“

I support the redesign because I see people – customers, residents and tourists – struggling to cross the street. I feel the redesign will make walking and biking safer and more attractive to people and they might choose to walk four blocks instead of drive.”

Zollie Wilson, owner of Zolli Koffee at 701 8th Ave. S.

“People think there’s this big urgency, and they have to stop it and stop it now,” Baker explains. “But now there’s more time for meetings and education and more time for people to have input. It should help [ease conflict.]”

Portions of Berry Hill, one of five satellite cities in Davidson County, are on Eighth Avenue South. The city was a catalyst for making changes to the Berry Hill portion of the street. It received a federal Transportation Improvement Plan grant of $124,000 to study making improvements and held design meetings in 2016 to get input from business owners and residents.

Baker said those who participated in the early meetings submitted preferences for changes to the road. “Over twice as many who submitted responses chose the three-lane option,” he says, adding that the Berry Hill Board of Commissioners also endorsed the three-lane option.

Even though there were public meetings, many people still weren’t aware of the proposed changes until April.

That’s when another round of meetings concerning the portion of Eighth Avenue South from Wedgewood Avenue to the roundabout near the Music City Center began.

And then the backlash caught fire.

Metro Councilman Colby Sledge says he’s working directly with business owners and planning education meetings that will be attended by Metro Planning.

“I just want everyone to be working off the same set of data and facts before we move forward,” Sledge adds. “A subtraction in a lane could mean, to some people, a loss of access and a loss of business, and that’s understandable.

My goal is to protect everyone in the corridor, whether that’s a driver, a biker or a pedestrian.”

Craig Owensby, public information officer with Metro Planning, says a professional study for the Berry Hill section of Eighth Avenue South is completed and can be viewed at www. nashville.gov/Planning-Department/ Transportation/8th-Avenue-SouthMultimodal-Study.aspx. A study for the upper section, from Wedgewood Avenue to the roundabout will continue through the summer.

Smith says the Citizens Against 8th Avenue Gridlock group will “keep working hard on getting the word out to the community about the facts behind this plan. Meetings both with officials and members of the community are ongoing.”

AUGUST 11 – 17, 2017 >> ECLIPSE

www.TNLedger.com From page 8

a-half ago. In January, they launched a new planetarium show, Eclipse: The Sun Revealed, that teaches people about the history, math, scientific discoveries and more.

“It was immediately our top-selling show,” Rohl points out. “It’s definitely something that people are getting really, really excited about as August 21 gets closer.”

Rohl admits he thought space was kind of boring as a kid, but in college he was assigned to be a teaching assistant for an Intro to Physics lab. The instructor of that lab did research focused directly on the Jovian Trojan asteroids, asteroids trapped in front of and behind Jupiter as it orbits the sun. She invited Rohl to South America to help with research, and he fell in love with the dark night skies in the Andes Mountains.

Today, he couldn’t be more excited about the solar event we are about to experience.

“We are long, long overdue on this,” he says. “The last time we had a total solar eclipse in Nashville was 1478. One little technicality there – there was no Nashville back then, so in a way you could say this is Nashville’s first ever time in totality.

That’s something that’s incredibly exciting.”

Rohl adds that the experience is so rare that if you were to simply stand at any place on earth and wait for that shadow to come to you, statistically the average wait is 375 years.

“It’s definitely going to be something

Sources: www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu; www.wolfram-alpha.com; http://curious.astro.cornell.edu; www.theconversation.com; shutterstock.com Leigh Melton Singleton | The Ledger

memorable, something that’ll go down in the history books for Nashville.’’

The science center is hosting an outdoor science and technology festival the weekend before the eclipse with food trucks, tents, activities and science

demonstrations that are free and open to the public. On Sunday night, they’ll take down the majority of the tents so there is a clear view of the sky for Monday when there is free viewing for the public.

Inside is a ticketed experience that

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ECLIPSE >> PAGE 23

CENTERVILLE, TN

Directions: From Centerville, follow Hwy 100 toward Linden. Go approx. 5.8 miles & turn left on Simmons Branch Rd. Go approx. 1/2 mile & the sale will be on the left. Watch for auction signs.

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Zetor Maxima 90 hp 4x4 Cab only 160 hrs. w/front end loader w/bucket & spear New Holland “like new” BR7080 roller 5x5 w/auto wrap monitor M & W 15’ Prairie clipper batwing cutter 4’x8’ Trailer with ramps Hallmark 24’ Toy hauler tandem axle, new tires, electric tongue jack Model ET25X24WT4

Reason for Sale: Owner is retiring from farming and no longer needs these items. Here is your opportunity to purchase some of the best maintained, “like-new” and low hour equipment we have had the pleasure to auction.

Winco generator Model 25 Phase I 2,500 watts PTO driven on trailer 120/240 (new) 2011 Dodge Ram 1500 4x4 SLT automatic 4.7 V8 Grain wagon w/Massey Ferguson running gear 2007 Circle W 24’ pipe stock trailer w/canvas top 14,000 lb. axles 2002 Dodge 1 Ton 4x4 10’ Metal bed diesel 6 spd 118,000 miles

20’ Gooseneck tandem axle trailer w/4’ dove tail w/ramps (like new tires) 500 Gal. plastic tank 300 Gal. diesel tank on skid w/ electric pump 250 Gal. gas tank with stand Gehl 1162 8’ disc mower 2013 Homesteader 16x6 tandem axle trailer w/electric dump & ramps 10,000 lb. (like new) TR1-L Hay spear for quick attach to skid steer

MEAT PROCESSING & REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT Meat saws & scales Sausage bags Propane deep fryers 80 Gallon propane tank Electric propane heaters

2-36” Electric shop fans GE Chest type deep freezer Amerikooler” 8’x10’ walk-in cooler Whirlpool refrigerator

LIVESTOCK HANDLING Tomato cages Gate panels ITEMS Electric fence wire Veterinary supplies Lots of horse tack Stewart large animal trimmer Several rolls of bailing twine

Several 16’ gates 300+ Metal fence posts 11 Rolls of barbed wire Wooden fence posts 7 Hay rings

Electric propane heaters 125,000 BTU Stainless steel gambling hooks Stainless steel work tables Woven wire stretcher B & W creep feeder Powder River head catcher 16’ Metal fence panels 2 - Circle Y Flex–Lite “Park & Trail” saddles (like new) Simco & Billy Cook saddles

TOOLS

Post driver Chain booms & log chains Lots of yard tools and power tools 1,500 Lb. winch Battery chargers Makita 10” miter saw Porter cable air tools Husqvarna 345 chain saw 20” Large bolt cutters Stihl 044 Chain saw 28” bar Floor jack Air hose reels Makita battery powered hand tools 22 Gal. air compressor 5 hp 6’ Aluminum step ladder Electric fans Battery jumper power pac Several combo tool sets Tool chests Log tongs Electric service pole with 12’ Fiberglass folding ladder

Neal Trice, AUCTIONEER

FL 5257

615-202-6806

Frank Baugh

Auctioneer/Realtor 615.661.7800 office 615.347.4705 cell

includes entrance to the planetarium show, eclipse glasses, T-shirts for kids and access to the center’s new virtual reality

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Tommy Anderson

Page 13 – Section A

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AUGUST 11 – 17, 2017

www.TNLedger.com

Section A - Page 22

Your BEST BETS for Eclipse Day, 2017

There aren’t quite as many solar eclipse viewing events in Middle Tennessee as there are stars in the sky, it just seems that way.

Those fortunate enough to live in the path of totality can simply walk outside, slip on their eclipse-viewing glasses and get the view of a lifetime.

For others, a drive may be in order to take it all in.

Here are some destinations that might be worthy of the effort.

n The Epicurean Eclipse at Wedge Oak Farm in Lebanon will feature a number of Strategic Hospitality chefs each cooking a dish, including Trevor Moran (Formerly of The Catbird Seat), Josh Habiger (Bastion), Brian Baxter (Bastion), Julia Sullivan (Henrietta Red), Caitlyn Jarvis (Henrietta Red) and Nick Hertel (Merchants). Drinks from Matt Tocco, Strategic’s beverage director, will also be served. n Head to Pinewood Social for “Day Drinking in the Dark.” It’s $100 per ticket, which includes lunch, two drinks, a T-shirt, eclipse viewing glasses and, of course, a place to watch the event. n The Tsali Notch Vineyard near Madisonville in Monroe County is near the center

>> SAFETY

line of the eclipse path and was chosen by National Geographic as the place to record the event. With no admittance fee, the vineyard will be open to visitors from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. and will offer live music. Visitors may bring a picnic or purchase lunch from food trucks. Wine will also be available for purchase in the winery tasting room. n Shade Tree Farm and Orchard in Robertson County is also near the center line and will open at 9 a.m. with free admission.

Orchard owners Tom and Sarah Head will have a solar telescope on site and eclipse glasses available for purchase. n Middle Tennessee State University will host a four-hour solar eclipse observing party for students in the green space along the Science Corridor of Innovation in the heart of campus. There will be live music on stage, live NASA and MTSU telescope feeds. n Volunteer State Community College has a free and educational eclipse-watching event planned with science activities for kids that will include a scale model of the solar system, construction of pinhole cameras to view the eclipse, making a sun dial

and constructing a solar hot dog cooker for a contest. The activities will be held both outside on the Thigpen Library lawn and in air-conditioned buildings. n Trevecca Nazarene University will host a picnic celebration with food trucks, activities and science on the Great Lawn between Greathouse Science Building and Waggoner Library.

Children highly susceptible Wang is most worried about young people staring at the sun before and after the eclipse, and it is for their safety that Metro Nashville Public Schools students will have to go to school during the event, a reverse from their initial day off at the request of Mayor Megan Barry.

Barry says she feels strongly that young students could encounter safety issues if left home without supervision on that day. The MNPS Board of Education voted to have school during the eclipse instead.

“The critical characteristics of these injuries is that these patients normally, were not aware that one could actually have these conditions. So it was completely an innocent mistake,” Wang explains. “And the few that I have seen in my career are young people. They just go out and play. So they stare at the sun throughout the entire time of the eclipse.

That results in essential retina burn.”

Do not use homemade filters or substitute with ordinary sunglasses – not even very dark ones – because they are not safe for looking directly at the sun.

Always inspect your solar filter before use; if scratched or damaged, discard it.

Read and follow any instructions printed on or packaged with the filter. Always supervise children using solar filters.

Stand still and cover your eyes with your eclipse glasses or solar viewer before looking up at the bright sun.

After glancing at the sun, turn away and remove your filter – do not remove it while looking at the sun.

Downtown Nashville will be a total party too

n White House Chamber of Commerce eclipse viewing event at the W.L. Anderson Sports Complex with live feeds from NASA, food trucks, music

n Nashville locals may have the opportunity to attend Westin Nashville’s Solar Eclipse 2017 Watch Party, pending available space.

n Bledsoe Creek State Park’s “Total Eclipse in the Park” celebration weekend with a viewing event; SolarFest Among the Wildflowers at Wildflower Farms in Bethpage with live music, inflatables, food and hiking

n The Mayor’s Viewing Party and Sounds vs Iowa Cubs will feature music from the Nashville Symphony, science demonstrations from the Adventure Science Center, total solar eclipse viewing and a separate Sounds ballgame. Mayor Barry will welcome the crowd and throw out the first pitch later that afternoon. Seating for the eclipse will be on a first-come, first-served basis. The ballpark will be cleared at 2 p.m. and re-opened at 3 p.m. for the game.

n EPIClipse Experience at EPIC Event Centre lunch buffet and after-party n Gallatin TN Eclipse Encounter at Triple Creek Park with singer Kimberley Locke, yoga, music, food trucks and marketplace vendors

No glasses?

Do not look at the uneclipsed or partially eclipsed sun through an unfiltered camera, telescope, binoculars or other optical device.

Don’t feel left out if you haven’t obtained protective eyewear*. You can still experience the eclipse; just turn your back to the sun and enjoy!

Similarly, do not look at the sun through a camera, a telescope, binoculars or any other optical device while using your eclipse glasses or hand-held solar viewer – the concentrated solar rays will damage the filter and enter your eye(s), causing serious injury. Seek expert advice from an astronomer before using a solar filter with a camera, a telescope, binoculars or any other optical device.

Create a pinhole camera

If you are within the path of totality, remove your solar filter only when the moon completely covers the sun’s bright face and it suddenly gets quite dark.

Experience totality, then, as soon as the bright sun begins to reappear, replace your solar viewer to glance at the remaining partial phases.

Source: TDCI

The Wang Vision Institute is hosting a free seminar Aug. 17 at 6:30 p.m. in which Wang will give out a complimentary pair of solar glasses and explain the proper way of using them.

For example, you have to put the glasses on first, while you’re facing away from the sun, then turn your head toward the sun while you’re wearing them. You should only look for a few seconds at a time, and take multiple “safety breaks” throughout the eclipse.

“What you don’t want is to create a new generation of people who have a central blind spot, solar retinopathy, as the outcome of this event,” Wang says.

“This is a once-in-a- lifetime spectacular opportunity to watch this spectacular phenomenon of nature. But we’ve got to do it right.”

Wang also adds to keep pets away from exposure to the solar eclipse altogether.

Derrick Rohl, planetarium manager for the Adventure Science Museum, offers this experience is so special it is important to make the effort for your children to see

n Total Eclipse Weekend in Portland with classic car cruise-in, concert, farm-to-table dinner and eclipse viewings throughout Portland including Richland Park, Meadowbrook Park, and Sumner Crest Winery.

n Acme Feed and Seed will be hosting rooftop viewing, lunch buffet, drink specials.

Eye safety As thousands of consumers make plans to view the eclipse, the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance’s Division of Consumer Affairs reminds people to follow the NASA guidelines to safely view the solar eclipse, through a pair of the ISO 12312-2 solar eclipse glasses:

n Millersville Parks and Recreation free solar eclipse viewing party

Sumner County is hosting countless festivals and viewing events, including the:

From page 9

amplifying the incoming light. It makes it stronger.”

Of course, the problem with that is that while it makes it easier to take pictures of the eclipse, the sun rays through the lens will actually be stronger than with the naked eye.

“You can actually accelerate solar retinopathy,” Wang adds. “You can burn the sensitive retina faster than with your naked eye. So the problem is people will be staring at their iPhone recording the entire eclipse.”

A solar filter is required to protect the camera from being damaged or destroyed.

“I think it’s so important, because much of the solar retinopathy is irreversible and untreatable,” Wang adds. “If you point your camera to a very extremely scorching bright light source for a long period of time it’s going to burn a hole in the middle of the film. And that’s what the layman description is of solar retinopathy.

So when people look at things, life long, when they look at things afterward, they can’t see in the middle.”

n Get Eclipsed in Goodlettsville event at Moss-Wright Park with “water wars” with the Goodlettsville Fire Department

it, and solar glasses properly used make it perfectly safe.

“You can look up, and you can see that present sun as the eclipse progresses,” Rohl explains. “Now if you’re outside the path of totality you just keep those glasses on the whole time. If you’re in the path of totality you can take those glasses off only during the totality because you don’t see the surface of the sun.

“We’re trying to make sure that that word gets out. We don’t want to say, ‘No, no, no, hide the kids.” We want to say, ‘Here’s what you can do, it is possible to view an eclipse safely. In fact, it’s one of the greatest things you’ll ever see.’”

Now if you happen to be in your car when the eclipse begins, Dean Flener with TEMA wants to remind drivers that solar glasses cannot be worn behind the wheel.

“You cannot see through those glasses,” Flener notes. “Those glasses are rated so that you could look directly at the sun and it not destroy your eyes or blind you, which means they are very, very dark, even in daylight.”

View here

Make an opening in the box on the same side as your pinhole. Look through here to see an image of the eclipse projected upon the far side of the box.

Sun Cardboard box

Pin hole

Tape a piece of aluminum foil over a hole you have cut in the side of the box. punch a tiny hole in the foil for sunlight to enter.

Find a natural pinhole camera Look under a leafy tree. Overlapping leaves create natural pinholes for sunlight to filter through. The result? A multitude of projected crescents on the ground below.

Photograph courtesy of NASA, Elisa J. Israel

Right before totality.... …find a light plain surface and look closely for shadow bands. These mysterious bands of shadow race across the landscape in the seconds before totality. Scientists still don’t fully understand what they are, but they appear as thin wavy lines of alternating light and dark that can be seen moving and undulating in parallel on plain-coloured surfaces immediately before and after a total solar eclipse. *CAUTION: Never look directly at the sun without proper protective eyewear.

Source: NASA.org The Ledger

lle

79

10 MILES

48

70

46

49

13

238

12

161

49

256

Adams

96

96

431

40

Dickson

Charlotte

24

848

102

68

Russellville

e

49

431

Bon Aqua

White Bluff

70

1m 53s 11:57am 1:27pm

Ashland City

2m 33s 11:58am 1:28pm

49

Springfield

2m 38s 11:58am 1:27pm 31W

840

Fairview

41A

70

65

Brentwood

25

431

0m 39s 11:58am 1:28pm

840

Gladeville

231

31A

College Grove

96

41A

25

85

53

Shelbyville

Bell Buckle

Murfreesboro

96

2m 32s 11:59am 1:29pm

231

264

53

64

290

56

96

Silver Point

135

53

70S

70N

136 111

135

55

127

108 127

McMinnville

24

Rock Island

136

1m 58s 12:01pm 1:31pm

70

Sparta

164

108 50

56

70S

111

84

56

108

2m 24s 12:01pm 1:31pm

30

2m 39s 12:01pm 1:31pm

Monteagle

8

62

127

70N

101

Crossville

2m 27s 12:02pm 1:32pm

Time the eclipse begins

285

41

28

Dunlap

127

283

30

Chattanooga

Soddy Daisy

1m 07s 1:02pm 2:32pm

Dayton

Spring City

27

27

60

64

1m 02s 1:03pm 2:33p

306

2m 35 1:03pm 2:33p

30

Deca

68

41

Rin

East Brainerd

58

58

Kingst

Frozen Head State Park

AUGUST 11 – 17, 2017 MeltonSingleton Singleton | The LedgerLedger Jasper Leigh Leigh Melton | The

111

0m 49s 12:02pm 1:32pm

Fall Creek Falls State Park

2m 21s 12:02pm 1:30pm

127

282

68

Crab Orchard

Fairfield Glade

Time totality begins

seconds)

1m 07s Duration of 5:02 totality 6:32 (minutes,

Reading the pointers

MAXIMUM DURATION

70

Monterey

2m 24s 12:01pm 1:31pm

85

2m 35s 12:01pm 1:31pm

84

Macedonia

111

Cookeville

136

Manchester

280

287

56

Tullahoma

146

83

Smithville

85

Standing Stone State Park

Center H ill La 56 ke

141

Buffalo Valley

96

53

2m 36s 12:00pm 1:30pm

264

Gordonsville

Watertown

41

135

Carthage

2m 39s 12:00pm 1:30pm

80

56

Red Boiling Springs

1m 11s 11:59am 1:29pm

266

70N

0m 40s 11:59am 1:29pm 99

LaVergne Smyrna

Nolensville

24

141

141

10

Lebanon

2m 35s 11:59am 1:29pm

1m 40s 11:59am 1:29pm

Mt.Juliet 40

10

2m 37s 11:59am 1:29pm

Castilian Springs

231

2m 28s 11:59am 1:28pm

Thompson’s Station Spring Hill

Franklin

Leipers Fork

0m 42s 11:58am 1:28pm

40

Nashville

65

Millersville Ridgetop Hendersonville

1m 57s 11:58am 1:28pm

24

109

2m 39s 31E 11:59am 1:28pm

174

52

52

2m 08s 12:00pm 1:29pm

52

KY UC T N KE

Tennesseans will enjoy having the path of totality cross the state midday on August 21, 2017. Areas shaded in yellow will see only a partial eclipse, with the amount of sun coverage indicated on the US map at left.

EE SS E N TEN

Scottsville

e

Cottontown Gallatin 25 White House

76

109

Portland

2m 36s 11:58am 1:28pm

AR DE EA TA ILE D

e

agn itud

0.8 m

65

Cross Plains

Greenbrier

76

25

49

Franklin

Bowling Green

2m 40s 52 11:58am Orlinda 1:28pm

0.7 mag nitu d

e

agn itud

e

itud

agn

0.9 m

Overshadowed Oneida

www.TNLedger.com

Sources: NASA.gov; Google maps; www.greatamericaneclipse.com Sources: NASA.gov; Google maps; www.greatamericaneclipse.com

13

79

Guthrie

2m 27s 11:57am 1:26pm

41

Clarksville

104

2m 14s 11:56am 1:26pm

41A

475

Head northwest of Guthrie, Ky. about 34 miles to the point of greatest eclipse

431

e

agn itud

0.8 m

0.9 m

PAT HO FT OTA LIT Y

0.7 mag nitu d

e

itud

agn

0.6 m

CENTRA L DAYLIG HT TIME E A S T E R N DAYLIG HT TIME

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