LED professional Review (LpR) – Jan/Feb 2025 – LpR#107

Insightsand Breakthroughsfrom LeadersinLighting Technology

Firstandforemost,I’dliketowishallourreadersahappy,healthy, successful,andpeacefulstartto2025.Wehopeyouryearhasbegunon apositivenote!

ThemissionofLEDprofessionalReview(LpR)istoserveasa comprehensive,design-andtechnology-orientedinformationsource.Our aimistobringyouthelatesttrends,innovations,andin-depthinsights.By featuringcontributionsfromtopexpertsinthelightingindustry,weprovide perspectivesthatgobeyondstandardinformation,helpingyoustayatthe forefrontoflightingknowledge.

Inthisissue,weareexcitedtoshareinsightsfromElenaScaroni,Arnulf Rupp,andAlfonsoD’Andretta,leadersatthecuttingedgeoflighting innovation.Inaddition,wewenttoMunichtovisitelectronica,theworld’s largestelectronicsfair,wherewetookacloserlookattwooftheleading exhibitorsinthelightingsector:WürthandamsOSRAM.

ThesecondpartofBartenbach’sresearchstudyonoptimizinglighting energyefficiencyoffersactionablesolutionsanddata-drivenfindingsfrom theircomprehensiveinvestigations.Wealsodelveintoadvancementsin outdoorluminairesandexplorecutting-edgedevelopmentsinautomotive lightingmodulecontrols.Furthermore,wepresenttwo“ExpertTalkson Light”fromLumileds,coveringlarge-clustermulti-colorLEDsolutionsand carbodylighting.

Weareconfidentthatyouwillfindtopicsthatsparkyourinterestinthis issue.Asalways,wewelcomeyourfeedback,ideas,andinput.

WishingyouawonderfulNewYearandanengagingreadwiththe January/February2025issueofLpR.

YoursSincerely,

SiegfriedLuger

Founder&CEOofLugerResearche.U. PublisherofLEDprofessional,TrendsinLighting,LpSDigital,andtheGlobalLightingDirectory

ArnulfRUPP,GovernmentalAffairs DirectoratInventronics compiledbyEditors,LEDprofessional

AlfonsoD’Andretta,ManagingDirector, BULightingatGewiss

PioneeringProgress:WürthElektronik’s HighlightsandInnovationsUnveiledat electronica

LightingandSensingtheFuture:ams OSRAM’sBreakthroughsinLEDs, Sensors,andProjection byLEDProfessionalEditors

LIGHTINGRESEARCH

40 OptimizingLightingEnergyEfficiency (PartII)–ConsiderationofBehavioral AspectsinLightingSystems

byDipl.-Ing.JohannesWENINGER,Dr.techn. SaschaHAMMES,M.Sc.,Bartenbach

STREETLIGHTING

48 WillStreetLightsBecometheLocationof ChoiceforSensors?

bySaraElFeky,KarlGöransson,WalterLongwe andGrahamMawer,Barcelona’sZiguratInstitute

LEDMatrixManagerEmpowersHigh DensityAutomotiveIntelligentandSafe FrontLightSystem

ElenaSCARONI

ElenaScaroniisLightingEurope’s SecretaryGeneral,appointedin June2023.

Priortothisrole,sheservedas policydirectorsincejoining LightingEuropeinSeptember 2016.Scaronihasbeenatthe forefrontofadvocatingthe interestsoftheEuropeanlighting industryintherecentecodesign andenergylabellingregulationsfor lightsources.

PriortojoiningLightingEurope, shespenteightyearsinEuropean affairsatEnel,amultinational energycompany.Her responsibilitiesincludedmanaging relationswiththeEuropean Parliamentonallrelevantissues suchasclimate,energyand corporatesocialresponsibility.

ShestudiedinRomeandParis andholdsamaster’sdegreein law,specialisinginEuropean Affairs.

WhyJoinLightingEuropein2025?

Whyshouldyourcompanyinvesttime andresourcesinjoiningusin2025? Becauseitcanleadtogood opportunitiesforgrowthforyour business,andithelpsyoupreparefor futureregulatorytrendsinatimely fashion.Wehaveanambitiousagenda for2025.

Seewhat’sonofferforyourbusiness.

NewfinancialopportunitiesfromEU taxonomythankstoLightingEurope DidyouknowthattheEUTaxonomyis anEUregulatoryandclassification systemthatdefinesenvironmentally sustainableeconomicactivities?Itaims toredirectcapitalflowstowards sustainableinvestmentsbyproviding criteriaforwhatconstitutesa”green” activity.Luminairesarecurrently excluded.Weaskfortheinclusionof sustainableluminairesin2025. LuminairemanufacturersinEuropemay seetheirsustainabilityeffortsrewarded byadditionalinvestmentopportunities.

Fewerheadachesondeclaringthe environmentalfootprintoflighting products

Providingcomparableandverified sustainabilityinformationthrough EnvironmentalProductDeclarations (EPD)isavitalneedforanyindustry. Thisiswhyourorganization,in collaborationwiththeGlobalLighting AssociationandtheGreenLight Alliance,isfocusingitseffortson harmonizingproduct-specificruleson theenvironmentalfootprintofluminaires, LEDmodulesandcontrolgear.Weare workingtoensurethattherules developedbyourexpertsareenshrined inEPDstandardsatIEClevelandto providetrainingandguidanceto members.

Fairrulesinpublicprocurementand incentivesforlightingintheEU CleanIndustrialAct

LightingEuropewillalsocontributetothe EUCleanIndustrialAct,ensuringthat thesector’sinterestsarerepresented. TheaimofthisEUinitiativeistohelpthe industrytodecarbonizebyproposing incentives,simplifiedproceduresfor

publicprocurementandsimplified reportingobligations.Wecontributeto thedebatewiththesupportofthe CoalitionforEnergySavings,analliance ofindustriesandcivilsociety organizations,advocatingforeffective EUlegislationonenergyefficiency.

EcodesignandEnergyLabelling regulationsreview:inthedriving seattowardsbetterrules

BoththeSingleLightingRegulationand theEnergyLabellingRegulation,pillars oftheregulatoryframeworkforlighting, willbereviewedbytheEUInstitutions, withnewrulesexpectedtocomeinto forcebetweenmid-2027and2030.We willplayakeyroleindefiningtheserules, aswearethemostactiveandrelevant stakeholderinthedebateonthesefiles.

Towardsasimplifiedand harmonizedregulatoryframeworkat EU(andglobal)levelforoutdoorand indoorlightingonartificiallightat night

Wearepromotingharmonizedrulesat Europeanandgloballevel,addressing growingconcernsaboutlightpollution anditseffects,proposingclearsolutions topolicymakersandworkingwithkey civilsocietyactorssuchasDarkSky.

Stayaheadandprepareforthe future:Networkwithindustry leadersandpolicymakers Bringingtogetherindustryleadersand policymakers,theThirdEuropean LightingSummitinBrusselson27 Marchwillgiveyouvaluableinsightinto keyissuessuchaseco-design,the CleanIndustrialDeal,cybersecurity, substancesandlightatnight.

Tokeeptheindustryengagedand informed,everyyearLightingEurope organizesmorethan20webinarsand trainingsonkeyregulatorytopicsfor membersonly.

LightingEurope’s2025agendaand partnershipdemonstrateits commitmenttodrivingsustainabilityand growthinanincreasinglycompetitive globallandscape.It’stimetojoinus. ■ E.S.

LightFair2025:ANewEraof Innovation,Education,and

NetworkingforLighting Professionals

www.lightfair.com

LightFair,thepremierlightingtradeshowand conference,issettorevolutionizetheindustry onceagainin2025.TakingplaceattheLas VegasConventionCenter,May4-8,this must-attendeventwillshowcaseadynamic blendofcutting-edgeeducation, groundbreakingproductshowcases,and exceptionalnetworkingopportunities.

BoldLeadershipforaBrighterFuture LightFair,NorthAmerica’slargestarchitectural andcommerciallightingevent,joinedthe MesseFrankfurtfamilywiththeexpansioninto theLight+Buildingbrand.Movingforward, MesseFrankfurtwillorganizethefive-day tradeshowandaccompanyingconferencein partnershipwiththeInternationalAssociation ofLightingDesigners(IALD)andthe IlluminatingEngineeringSociety(IES). ConstantinvonVieregge,PresidentandCEO ofMesseFrankfurtInc.,emphasizedthe strategicimportanceofthiscollaboration: “ThispartnershipcombinesMesseFrankfurt’s provenexpertiseinorganizingglobaltrade eventswiththeIESandIALD’sdeep connectionstothelightingindustry.Together, weaimtocreateanunparalleledplatformfor innovation,education,andindustry advancement.”

EndlessOpportunities:DiverseProducts andServices

LightFair2025promisestobethemost impactfuleventyet,drawingindustryleaders, fromaroundtheglobe.Theexpansivetrade showfloorwillfeaturehundredsofexhibitors, rangingfromglobalbrandstoinnovative startups.Visitorswillhavethechanceto explorethelatestinresidential,commercial, andindustriallightingsolutions,gaining accesstothetoolsandtechnologiesdriving theindustryforward.

EducationThatShines:EarnCEUs

LightFair2025’seducationalprogrammingis secondtonone,offeringattendeesthe chancetoearnContinuingEducationUnits (CEUs)througharobustlineupofsessionsenhancingtheirexpertisewhilefulfilling professionaldevelopmentrequirements.The

comprehensivecurriculumwillcovertopics rangingfromemergingtechnologiesand sustainablepracticestodesigntrendsand businessstrategies.Withworld-renowned speakersandhands-onworkshops, attendeeswillgainactionableinsightsto elevatetheircareersandbusinesses.

CelebratingtheFuture:Lighting InnovationAwards

Returningthisedition,theLightingInnovation Awards–aprestigiouscelebrationof groundbreakingadvancementsand outstandingachievementswithinthelighting industry.Designedtohonorcompanieswho demonstrateexceptionalcreativity,ingenuity, andimpactinlightingdesignandtechnology. Fromstate-of-the-artsmartsolutionsto transformativesustainablepractices,the awardsshineaspotlightontheinnovations creatingabrighterfuturefortheindustry.

UnveilingtheTrendArea:WhereVision MeetsReality

DebutingthisyearistheTrendArea,a forward-lookingspacethatoffersaglimpse intotheproductsanddesignsdefiningthe pathforwardinlighting.Thiscurated showcasewillfeatureemerginginnovations thatblendfunctionalitywithartistry,pushing theboundariesofwhat’spossibleinthefield.

ImmersiveLightingInstallations: ExperiencetheExtraordinary

Beinspiredbyaseriesofimmersivelighting installationsthatexploretheinterplayoflight, space,andemotion.Theseinstallationswill highlightthetransformativepotentialoflighting increatingenvironmentsthatareboth functionalandawe-inspiring.Attendeescan stepintoaworldofcreativityandtechnology. Theseexperientialdisplayswilldemonstrate freshperspectivesandinspirationforprojects ofallscales.

UnforgettableNetworkingOpportunities

NetworkingtakescenterstageatLightFair 2025.Highlightsincludetheopeningnight reception,acelebrationoftheindustry’s achievements,andavarietyofstructuredand informalnetworkingevents.Attendeeswill connectwithpeers,potentialcollaborators, andindustryleadersinanatmosphere designedtofostermeaningfulrelationships.

JoinLightFair2025offeringattendeesthe opportunitytoexploretrend-setting innovations,earnCEUcreditsthroughan informativeeducationprogram,and experiencehands-onproduct demonstrations.Featuringover500exhibiting companies,theeventconnectslighting designers,architects,engineersandspecifiers withcutting-edgesolutionsandtechnologies acrossallproductcategories,including lightingcontrols,sustainabledesign,and human-centriclighting.

CompanyDescription:

LightFairisthepremierannualarchitectural andcommerciallightingtradeshowand conference,connectinglightingdesigners, specifiers,architects,andengineers.Explore innovativeproducts,cutting-edgeeducation, andunparallelednetworkingopportunities. JoinusMay4-8,2025,inLasVegasto discoverthefutureoflighting.Learnmoreat https://lightfair.link ■

LightingEuropePublishes GuidanceontheUseof StandardsinProducts

lightingeurope.org

Thedocumentgivespreciousguidanceand informationtomanufacturersontheuseof standards(EN,harmonizedEN,OJEUlisted harmonizedENandnon-ENstandards)in EuropeandintheUnitedKingdomwhen preparingtheDeclarationofConformity.This documentoutlinesallthedifferentoptions availabletomanufacturers,leavingitupto themtochoosewhichoptiontofollow. WhyisaGuidancepaperneeded? Theharmonizationprocesshasbecome increasinglycomplexandhassloweddown. Manystandardsarebeingpublishedwithout listingintheOJEU(andalsoinUKdesignated standardslists).However,thesenotlisted standardsdonotprovidetheformallegal presumptionofconformityattributedto harmonizedstandards.Currentlythereisalso significantmisalignmentbetweenthe‘overlap dates’detailedinthestandards(DOP;DOW) andthecorrespondinglisting/delistingdates usedfortheOJEUandUKdesignatedlistings. Thiscausesconfusioninthemarketforboth manufacturersandcustomerswhonowhave uncertaintyastowhichversionsofstandards theyshouldfollow,whichshouldbeusedfor thirdpartycertifications(e.g.ENEC,national approvalmarks),andwhichshouldbeshown intheEUandUKCAdeclarationsofthe manufacturesorimporters.

Mainfocusofthepaper

ThepapermainlyfocusesonDirectivesusing ModuleA(Internalproductioncontrol)where themanufacturercandeclarethecompliance withtheessentialrequirementsbyusing harmonizedstandardsorotherpublications followingtheirownriskassessment(i.e.,EMC, LVD,RED). ■

LightingEuropePromotes SmartLightingviaaNew Video

lightingeurope.org

LightingEuropeisexcitedtounveilanew videothathighlightsthebenefitsofsmart lighting.Thisvideoexplainshowsmartlighting enhancesbuildingperformanceand introduceskeymetricsforevaluatingsmart technologies.

Thevideoshowcaseshowsmartlighting systemsintelligentlyrespondtooccupant needsandenvironmentalchanges,optimizing energyefficiencyandimprovingcomfort.By adjustinglightlevelsbasedondaylightand occupancy,thesesystemssignificantlyreduce energyconsumptionwhilecreatingtailored lightingscenesthatboostproductivityand well-being.

Additionally,thevideoemphasizesthe importanceofassessingbuildingsmartness throughratingschemes,includingthe forthcomingSmartReadinessIndicator(SRI), whichwillrewardbuildingswithadvanced lightingcontrols.

LightingEuropeSecretaryGeneralElena Scaronistated,“Smartlightingpromotes well-beingandproductivityinour environments.Ourvideodemonstrateshow adaptivelightingtransformsspacesinto comfortableandsustainablesettings,making itaccessibleforeveryone.” ■

AlfonsoD’AndrettaElectedto LightingEuropeExecutive Board www.gewiss.com

LightingEurope,thevoiceofthelighting industryinEurope,ispleasedtoannouncethe electionofAlfonsoD’AndrettatoitsExecutive Board.

Withover16yearsofbusinessmanagement experienceinmultinationalcompanies, D’Andrettahasbeenadrivingforceinthe electrical,electronic,andmechatronic industries.Hiswide-rangingbackground

spansaccesscontrol,buildingmanagement, energy,IoT,safety,andsecuritysectors.

D’Andretta’scareerhighlightsincludeseveral yearsatPhilipsLighting(nowSignify)in variousrolesandintheMiddleEast,wherehe directedthesetupofMELA(MiddleEast LightingAssociation)andGroupChiefSales OfficeratIseoUltimateAccessTechnologies from2020to2024.

HeiscurrentlyManagingDirectorofthe BusinessUnitLightingatGewiss,wherehe alsoservesasamemberoftheGroup ExecutiveCommitteeandtheBoardof PerformanceiNLighting.

LightingEuropeSecretaryGeneralElena Scaronistated,“IamverygladthatAlfonso, withhiscompanyGewiss,whichonlyrecently joinedLightingEurope,isalreadyreadytobe partofthegoverningbodyofourassociation. Iamsurethathisexperience,commitment

andenthusiasmwillcontributetotheforward thinkingofourBoardandtothestrategic directionofLightingEuropeandthelighting industry.Welookforwardtoworkingwith him.”

AboutLightingEurope

LightingEuropeisthevoiceofthelighting industry,basedinBrusselsandrepresenting 32companiesandnationalassociations. Togetherthesemembersaccountforover 1,000Europeancompanies,amajorityof whicharesmallormedium-sized.They representatotalEuropeanworkforceofover 80,000peopleandanannualturnover exceeding15billioneuro.LightingEuropeis committedtopromotingefficientlightingthat benefitshumancomfort,safetyand well-being,andtheenvironment.

LightingEuropeadvocatesapositivebusiness andregulatoryenvironmenttofosterfair competitionandgrowthfortheEuropean lightingindustry.Moreinformationisavailable atwww.lightingeurope.org.

AboutGewiss

Developmentasaconstantinmanagementis thephilosophythathasguidedGEWISS’s choicesfromitsfoundationtotoday. Establishedmorethanfiftyyearsago, GEWISShasmadedevelopmentandthe researchforqualitytheprinciplesthathave Connect

guidedeveryactionandeverychoice.Guided bythevaluesofintegrity,excellenceand sustainability,GEWISSoffersinnovativeand scalablesolutionsforbuildings,industriesand infrastructures,capableofconnectingpeople andthingsandimprovingsafetyandqualityof life.Theconstantinvestmentsaimedat researchanddevelopment,thetrainingofall personnelandthestrengtheningofproduction facilitieshaveallowedGEWISStoestablish itselfasareferencepointforthemarketinthe productionofsolutionsandservicesforhome &buildingautomation,fortheprotectionand energydistribution,fore-mobilityandsmart lighting.

Theyear2023markedasignificantmilestone intheGroup’sgrowthjourneywiththe acquisitionofPERFORMANCEiNLIGHTING, anhistoricleaderinthelightingindustry.The inclusionofthePERFORMANCEINLIGHTING brand”poweredbyGEWISS”hasallowedthe entireGrouptoexpandtherangeofservices availabletothemarketthroughplatform synergiesandorganizations,offeringeven moreintegratedsolutionsandtechnologies. Alltheproposalsaredesignedandproduced tomeeteverylightingneed,representingthe perfectsynthesisofaestheticdesignand technicalperformance.Theconstantdrive towardsinnovation,ahallmarkoftheentire Group’shistory,furtherpositionslighting solutionsasasolidglobalreferenceinthe worldofdesignandarchitecture. ■

CreeLEDandDaktronics EnterLicensingAgreement forLEDDisplayTechnology

www.cree-led.com

CreeLED,aPenguinSolutionsbrand (Nasdaq:PENG),andDaktronics(Nasdaq: DAKT),announcedamulti-year,globalpatent licenseagreementeffectiveDecember2024. Withlimitedexceptions,thisagreement providesalicensetoDaktronicsforCree LED’spatentedtechnologyforthedurationof theagreement.

Withover35yearsofexpertiseinLEDdieand packagingtechnology,alongwitharobust portfolioofintellectualpropertycoveringtheir useinLEDdisplays,CreeLEDhas consistentlyinvestedininnovation,securing numerouspatentstoprotectits advancements.Asatrustedindustryleader,

CreeLEDremainscommittedtodelivering best-in-class,durablesolutionsthatexceed therigorousdemandsofnext-generation LED-baseddisplays.

Daktronics,asaleaderinthelarge-scaleLED displaymarket,iscommittedtoensuringthat theircustomershaveaccesstostate-of-the artLEDdisplaysystems.Thisagreement enablesDaktronicstoconfidentlyprovide industryleadingLEDdisplaysystemstothe market,knowingthatitsproductswillnotbe subjecttoclaimsbasedonthelicensedCree LEDpatents.

Specificlicensingtermsremainconfidential. Thislicenseagreementensuresthereareno patentdisputesbetweenthepartiesbasedon thelicensedCreeLEDpatentsforthetermof theagreement.CreeLEDisaregistered trademarkofCreeLED,Inc.Allother trademarksandregisteredtrademarksarethe propertiesoftheirrespectiveowners.

AboutCreeLED

CreeLED,aPenguinSolutionsbrand,offers oneoftheindustry’sbroadestportfoliosof application-optimizedLEDchipsand components,leadingtheindustryin performanceandreliability.Withmorethan35 yearsofinnovation,ourstrongIPportfolioand uniquebusinessmodelensuressupplychain continuity.Wedeliverbest-in-classtechnology andbreakthroughsolutionsforfocused applicationsinhighpowerandmid-power generallighting,horticulture,specialtylighting andvideoscreens.Formoreinformation,visit www.cree-led.com.

AboutDaktronics

Daktronicshasstrongleadershippositionsin, andistheworld’slargestsupplierof, large-screenvideodisplays,electronic scoreboards,LEDtextandgraphicsdisplays, andrelatedcontrolsystems.Thecompany excelsinthecontrolofdisplaysystems, includingthosethatrequireintegrationof multiplecomplexdisplaysshowingreal-time information,graphics,animation,andvideo. Daktronicsdesigns,manufactures,markets andservicesdisplaysystemsforcustomers aroundtheworldinfourdomesticbusiness units:LiveEvents,Commercial,HighSchool ParkandRecreation,andTransportation,and oneInternationalbusinessunit.Formore information,visitthecompany’swebsiteat: www.daktronics.com. ■

AgreementSignedforthe AcquisitionoftheBeghelli Group

www.gewiss.com

Aspreviouslycommunicatedtothemarket throughadedicatedpressreleasepursuantto Article17ofRegulation(EU)596/2014,

availableontheBeghelliwebsiteandthe ”Info”regulatedinformationdissemination systemmanagedbyComputershareS.p.A., GewissandBeghelliinformedthaton December10,2024,GewissS.p.A.entered intoapreliminarysaleandpurchase agreementwiththemajorityshareholdersof Beghellifortheacquisitionofamajoritystake inBeghelliS.p.A.’ssharecapital.

Thecompletionoftheacquisition,whichis subjecttotheoccurrenceofcertainconditions specifiedinthepressrelease,isexpectedto takeplacebythefirstquarterof2025. Subsequently,GewissS.p.A.willberequired tolaunchamandatorypublictenderofferfor theremainingoutstandingsharesofBeghelli, withtheaimofdelistingthecompany.

Theprojectaimsto:

EnsurecontinuityforBeghelli’semployees, collaborators,andcustomersbyintegrating intoagroupwithsolidItalianroots,shared valuesofintegrity,excellence,and sustainability,andamanagerialgovernance modelalreadyfocusedontransparencyand innovation;

Strengthenmarketpresence:theintegration ofthehighlyrecognizedBeghellibrandinItaly withGewiss’globalexpertisewillallowthe consolidationofmarketshareinthelighting sector;

Expandtherangeofinnovativesolutions: combiningBeghelli’stechnologicalexpertisein emergencylightingwithGewiss’know-howin energymanagementandsmartlightingwill enablethedevelopmentofintegrated productsandservicestobettermeetthe evolvingneedsofthemarketandour customers,whocanrelyonanevenstronger team. ■

NULTYAcquiresKLAASEN LightingDesign

www.nultylighting.co.uk

Nultyhasannouncedtheexpansionofits reachacrossEuropeandAsia,witha particularfocusonSingapore,throughthe acquisitionofKLAASENLightingDesign—a brandwitha40-yearlegacyinthe architecturallightingdesignindustry.

Thisacquisitionstrengthensthelong-standing relationshipbetweenNultyandKLAASEN,a globallyrespectedfirmknownforitsinnovative approachtolightingdesignandcommitment tocollaborativeclientrelationships.

MartinKlaasen,FounderofKLAASEN,will assumetheroleofManagingPartneratNulty, bringingover30yearsofexperienceand significantinfluencewithintheindustry.Hewill workalongsidePaulNultyandMarkVowlesto overseeprojectsacrosstheAsia-Pacific region,ensuringcontinueddeliveryofcreative excellenceandexceptionalclientservice.

InEurope,JordanFaustwillbecome ManagingPartnerofthenewlyestablished Lisbonstudio,integratingKLAASEN’steam intoNulty’sEuropeandivision.Withexpertise inlightingdesignandlandscapearchitecture, FaustwillcollaboratecloselywithEllie Coombs,ManagingPartnerofNulty’sLondon studio,toexpandthefirm’spresenceand drivenewprojectsacrossEurope.

Thisacquisitionmarksanexcitingstepin Nulty’sjourneytobroadenitsglobalreachand enhanceitscreativecapabilities.

“Todaymarksanexcitingnewchapteraswe welcomeKLAASENintoourNultyfamily.As welooktoconsolidateourpositionasa marketleadingbrandandbuildalliancesin keymarkets,Martinandhisteamwillfuelour growthplanandprovideaninjectionofnew talentandspecialistexpertise.We’re delightedtohavethemonboardtotakeNulty togreaterheights,”saidPaulNulty. ■

Violumas,providerofhigh-powerUVLED solutionsandinventorof3-PADLED technology,haslaunchednew275nmand 265nmLEDsinmid-power,high-power,and high-densitypackages.

Violumas,providerofhigh-powerUVLED solutionsandinventorof3-PADLED technology,isproudtolaunchthereleaseof new275nmand265nmLEDsinmid-power, high-power,andhigh-densitypackages.

Theradiantfluxofthenew275nmand265nm LEDsincreasedby35-50%fromtheprevious generation,toachieve130mW(275nm)and 110mW(265nm)incompact,single-LED packagesof5.2mmx5.2mm.Theimproved radiantfluxoftheUVCLEDsisachievedby theincorporationofatransparentp-Contact layerandhighreflectivitymetallizationinthe epi-wafer.

Thenew275nmand265nmLEDsarealso availablein4-LED,9-LED,and16-LED chip-on-board(COB)configurationsand provideunrivaledlevelsofpowerforanyUVC application.Violumas’high-densityVC4X4 Seriesfeaturethemostpowerful single-emitterUVCLEDsonthemarket.With thedevelopmentofhigherpower265nmand 275nmLEDs,theVC4X4C48L9-275-V1 boastsanimpressive1650mWradiantflux whiletheVC4X4C48L9-265-V1features 1400mWradiantflux.

EachLEDisencapsulatedwithasingle, high-transmissionfusedsilicalensthatallows forlong-term,stableperformanceovertime. Aselectionof30°,60°,90°,120°,and135° opticsisavailabletoaccommodateawide varietyofUVCapplications.

Duetotheintegratedthermalstructure (3-PAD)intheFlipChipLEDandtheMetal CorePCB,ViolumasLEDsachieverapid thermaldissipationratesandlowerthermal resistancevalues.AsUVCLEDsgenerate immenseamountsofheatandrequire

substantialcoolingsolutions,thistechnology iscriticalformorereliable,compact,and long-lastingUVCLEDsystems.Italsoallows ViolumasUVCLEDstowithstandanominal drivingcurrentof700mAperLEDchip,at whichtheLEDmaintains>70%ofitsoriginal intensityafter10,000hoursofcontinuous operation.

Withthecontinualdevelopmentofhigh performanceUVCLEDs,Violumasaimsto accelerateindustryadoptionbyprovidinga widevarietyofproductswhichcanbesuitable foranyapplicationfromspectroscopyto disinfection.

AboutViolumas

BasedintheheartofSiliconValley,Violumas providesfull-serviceUVLEDproductsand solutionsfromUVAtoUVC(405nmto 265nm).Ourpatentedchiptechnologiesallow ustoengageinunparalleledapplicationsof ultraviolettechnologywithmorepowerfuland reliableUVLEDs.Withcapabilitiesinoptical, mechanical,andthermaldesign,Violumasisa full-service,onestop-shopsolutionsprovider fortheUVLEDmarket. ■

www.cree-led.com

FirstLEDintheIndustrytoCombinetheBest ofThrough-HoleandSMDTechnologiesto DeliverUnmatchedClarityandContrast.

CreeLED,aPenguinSolutionsbrand (Nasdaq:PENG),todayannouncedthe launchofitsnewCV28DLEDswith FusionBeam™Technology,agroundbreaking advancementfortheLEDsignagemarket. TheCV28DLEDcombinesthebestof through-holeandsurface-mount(SMD)RGB

LEDtechnology,deliveringsuperior directionality,imagequalityandresolutionina robust,easy-to-assemblepackage.This innovationmarksamajorleapforwardfor informationdisplays,providingunmatched clarityandcontrast.Withthishighresolution, CV28D-enabledsignscannowdisplayicons, photos,logosandevenvideo,bringing unprecedentedversatilitytosignsthatcan currentlyonlydisplaytextorsimpleshapes.

FusionBeamTechnology:Full-ColorBrilliance, EnhancedDirectionality

AttheheartoftheCV28D’sperformance, FusionBeamTechnologysimultaneously blendsindividualRGBLEDdiesintoasingle, uniformcolorandthensendsitonlytothe intendedaudience.Colornon-uniformityisup to18timesbetterthanexistingRGBSMD signageLEDs,whichpreviouslycouldonly achieveconsistentcoloruniformityinone direction—eitherside-to-sideorup-to-down. UsingFusionBeamTechnology,CV28D deliversvivid,accuratecolorsinalldirections, elevatingimagequalityevenatclose distances.

TheCV28DLEDsalsofeatureadvanced directionality,focusinglightpreciselywhereit’s needed–ontheintendedviewer–while reducinglighttrespassandpollutiontofour timeslowerthanstandardRGBSMDLEDs. Withthisnewtechnology,CV28DLEDs ensureclearer,brighterdisplayswithout misdirectinglighttothesky,groundor neighboringbuildings,makingitidealforareas withstrictlightpollutionregulations.

UnrivaledImageQualityandResolution:A NewEraforInformationSigns

Comparedtotraditionalthrough-holeLEDs, whichstrugglewithlowresolutionandpoor colorblending,theCV28Denablesdisplays with2.5timestheresolution,equivalenttothe leapfromstandarddefinition480ptofullHD 1080pvideo.Thedarkblackpackageofthe CV28Denhancescontrast,deliveringcrisper textandsharperimagesthaneverbefore,and theslimdesign,atjust4.3mminheight, allowsforthecreationofthinner,lightersigns.

CV28DLEDsalsoretainalltheadvantagesof SMDsignageLEDs,includingeaseof assembly,oneLEDpackageperpixeland IP68-rateddustproofandwaterproofreliability. Thismakesthemidealforawiderangeof applications,includingroadways,retail environments,sportsscoreboards,poolside installations,lobbiesandinteriorfacades. Whetherexposedtotheelementsorinstalled inhigh-trafficpublicareas,CV28DLEDs deliverlong-lastingperformancewithCree LED’srenownedreliabilityandquality.

CV28DLEDswithFusionBeamTechnology enableaneweraofhigh-resolution informationdisplays.Thisnewgenerationof signsensuresthatbrandingforbusinesses,

schools,churchesandpublicspacesappears infull-colorbrilliance.Theuseoficonography alsoimprovesaccessibility,ensuringclear communicationforpeopleofallreading abilities.

CreeLEDVideoExpertise

“WeareproudtointroducetheCV28DLEDs withFusionBeamTechnology,thefirstLED solutiontotrulybridgethegapbetween through-holeandSMDtechnologiesinthe LEDsignagemarket,”saidJoeClark, PresidentofCreeLED.“Bycombiningthe bestqualitiesofboth,CV28Denablessignage manufacturerstocreatedisplayswithhigher resolution,betterdirectionalityandimproved durability,allwhilereducinglightpollution. FusionBeamTechnologyLEDsrepresentthe nextfrontierforLEDinformationsigns,and we’reexcitedtoseehowourcustomers leverageourtechnologyintheirfuture designs.”

CreeLED,aPenguinSolutionsbrand,isa leadinginnovatorinLEDtechnology,providing reliable,energy-efficientsolutionsfordisplays andlightingacrosstheglobe.Knownfor pioneeringkeysignagetechnologiessuchas waterproofing,high-contrastpackagesand tiltedviewingangles,CreeLED’sproductsare trustedinhigh-profileinstallationsandare backedbyanexcellentglobalintellectual propertyportfolio.

AboutCreeLED

CreeLEDoffersoneoftheindustry’sbroadest portfoliosofapplication-optimizedLEDchips andcomponents,leadingtheindustryin performanceandreliability.Ourteamdelivers best-in-classtechnologyandbreakthrough solutionsforfocusedapplicationsinhigh powerandmid-powergenerallighting, specialtylightingandvideoscreens.With morethanthirtyyearsofexperience,Cree LEDdevelopsproductsbackedbyexpert designassistance,superiorsalessupportand industry-bestglobalcustomerservice. ■

flexibleandpowerefficientapproachto displaybackplanearchitecture.

“WeseealotofpotentialforMicroLED displaysinmobileconsumerelectronic devices”saidRossYoung,CEOofDSCC. “ThisXDCandLumiledsbreakthroughwill improvethecost,power,andbrightness displayprofilesignificantlyastohelp accelerateadoptionofthesetechnologies.”

ThenewMicroLEDdisplayfeaturesa cost-effectiveandpower-advantaged architecturethatleveragesaclusterdrive systemcombinedwithMicroLEDsthat measurejust13x20µm².Theresultisapeak brightnessof2360cd/m²thatoffersan unparalleledviewingexperiencewithstunning clarity,color,andcontrast.BoththemicroICs andmicroLEDsaremanufacturedusing cutting-edgeproductionequipmentthat ensuresindustry-leadinguniformityandyield rates.Notably,themasstransferprocess employedinthedevelopmentofthese prototypesachievesanimpressive99.9998% microLEDsub-pixelyieldanda99.992% microICtransferyield.Theprocessesusedto manufacturetheprototypearemass productionready.

“XDC’smasstransfer,bonding,anddisplay drivingtechnologieshavecreatednew opportunitiestotransformtheworldof displays,”saidBrendanMoran,SrDirectorof DisplayTechnologyatLumileds.“Lumileds hassuccessfullyimplementedXDC’s transfer-readymicroLEDtechnologyintoour volumeproductionLEDfabricationfacilities. Together,wearesettingnewstandardsinthe microLEDindustryandadvancingmobile displaytechnology.”

www.lumileds.com

XDisplayCompany(XDC®),aleading developerofsemiconductordevicesfor displays,andLumileds,agloballeaderin MicroLEDtechnology,havedevelopeda revolutionary140pixelsperinch(ppi) microIC-drivenmicroLEDprototypedisplay.

Thisfirstofakinddisplaytechnologymarksa significantmilestoneforMicroLEDdisplaysin mobileconsumerapplicationsincluding smartwatches,smartphones,tablets,and PCs.MicroICsenableasignificantlymore

“Thismilestoneismadepossibleby Lumileds’sdeviceexpertiseand manufacturingprocessdisciplineappliedfrom theverystart.Theresultisrepeatable, high-qualitymicroLEDdisplays,”saidMatt Meitl,EVPandco-founderofXDC.“Ourlong collaborationhasresultedinmicroLED displayssoughtbycustomersinthemobile devicespace.”

XDCandLumiledsarepleasedtoannounce thatthemicroICs,microLEDs,andthe advancedtransferequipmentutilizedinthis prototypecanbedeployedforinterested customers,pavingthewayforbroader adoptionofthistechnologyinmobile consumerdevices.

AboutXDisplayCompany: XDisplay™Company(XDC®),atechnology developer,licensesintellectualproperty,sells microlCsandPixelEngine™componentsand MicroTransferPrintingEquipmentthatwill powernextgenerationdisplays.XDCis poisedtocaptureashareinthe semiconductoranddisplaymarkets, deliveringsolutionsthatwillmakepeoples’ livesbetter.www.xdisplay.com

AboutLumileds: LumiledsisagloballeaderinLEDand microLEDtechnology,innovation,and solutionsfortheautomotive,display, illumination,mobile,andothermarketswhere lightsourcesareessential.Ourapproximately 3,500employeesoperateinover15countries andpartnerwithourcustomerstodeliver neverbeforepossiblesolutionsforlighting, safety,andwell-being.https://lumileds.com ■

ForgePartnerswith HongliTronictoOffer

Innovative,Highquality, SustainableLEDSolutions

www.forge.co.uk

ForgeEuropahasannouncedastrategic partnershipwiththeLEDOEMgiant “HongliTronic”,expandingitsproductofferings toincludetheirextensiverangeofinnovative andsustainableLEDsolutions.This collaborationbringstogetherHongliTronic’s cutting-edgeLEDtechnologieswithForge’s LEDtechexperienceandbespokeservicesto meetthediverseneedsofcustomersacross theUKandEurope.

StandardPortfoliowithcustomer-based customizationHongliTronic,rankedamongst theworld’stopthreeOEMsforLED components,offersacomprehensiverangeof products,includingSMD,EMC,andCOB packages.Thesesolutionscatertoawide varietyofapplications,fromgenerallightingto specializedUVtechnologies,making HongliTronicaversatileandessentialpartner forForge’sgrowingclientbase.HongliTronic developsstandardsolutionsforglobal marketsbutremainsopentocustomized clientrequirements.

AdvancedTesting,Innovation,and SustainabilityOneofHongliTronic’score strengthsliesinitsrigorousproducttesting andcommitmenttoinnovation.Withthree fullyCNAS/IESLM80accredited state-of-the-artlaboratoriesandLM80testing dataavailableacrosstherange,HongliTronic ensureshighreliabilityanddurabilityacross theirproductlines.Theirfocusondeveloping groundbreakingtechnologies,suchasUV-C LEDsfordisinfectionandsterilization,allows themtoremainattheforefrontofindustries likehealthcareandair/waterpurification.

HongliTronicalsoprioritizessustainabilityinits manufacturingprocesses.Theirautomated productionlines,designedforefficiency,help reducewasteandenergyconsumption, ensuringthattheirLEDsnotonlymeet industrystandardsbutalsosupport environmentalgoals,makingHongliTronicand ForgetheidealLEDsupplypartner.

GlobalScaleandLocalSupportAsoneofthe largestLEDmanufacturersworldwide, HongliTronicleveragesitslarge-scale manufacturingcapabilitiestooffercompetitive pricingandreliablesupplychains. HongliTronicsglobalpresence,combinedwith Forge’slocalizedtechnicalsupport,ensures thatcustomersreceivebothtop-tierproducts andresponsiveservice.

DavidScott-Maxwell,ManagingDirectorat ForgeEuropa,said,“Wearethrilledto welcomeHongliTronicasakeypartner.Their advancedtechnologicalsolutions,combined withtheirfocusoninnovationandquality, perfectlyalignwithForge’smissiontoprovide high-performance,highquality,eco-friendly lightingsolutionstoourclients.Together,we lookforwardtopushingtheboundariesof LEDinnovation.”

AlexWang,ViceGeneralManagerfor HongliTronic,added,“PartneringwithForge allowsustoexpandourreachintonew marketswhileleveragingtheirexpertisein providingtailoredsolutionstocustomers.We areexcitedtocollaborateandbringour innovativeandsustainableLEDtechnologies toForge’sdiverserangeofclients.” ■

FoliajFarmsSelectsSollum’s

DynamicLEDSolutionto SupportDiverseCrop ProductioninIndiana Warehouse www.sollumtechnologies.com

FoliajFarms,ledbyfirst-timegrowerBill Reece,haschosenSollumTechnologies’ dynamicLEDlightingsolutiontopowerhis newindoorfarmingoperationinMuncie,

Indiana,USA.Focusedongrowingleafy greenssuchaslettuce,kale,andherbs, Foliaj’slarge-scalewarehousewillleverage Sollum’sadvancedlightingtechnologyto optimizeplantgrowthinafullycontrolled environment.

“We’reexcitedtoseeFoliajFarmsadoptour solution,”saidMatthewBonavita,Sollum’s VicePresidentofSales.“Bill’scommitmentto growingavarietyofcropsinanefficientand sustainablewayalignsperfectlywithwhatour dynamiclightingoffers.We’reconfidentthat Sollum’stechnologywillhelpFoliajFarms meetitsproductiongoals,bothnowandin thefuture.”

WhatinitiallydrewBilltoSollumwasthe exceptionalflexibilityofferedbySollum’sSUN asaService®(SUNaaS®)cloudplatform, especiallywithregardstoitsmulti-zoning capabilitiesthatalloweachproductionzoneto benefitfromacustomdynamiclightrecipe. AsBillplanstodiversifyhiscrops,theabilityto tailorlightspectrumsandintensitytosuiteach onewasakeyfactorinhisdecision.

AnotherfactorinBill’sdecisiontoadopt Sollum’ssolutionwashisdesiretoprovide healthierandmoreaffordablefoodoptionsto hislocalcommunity,wherelimitedaccessto freshproducehasmanyrelyingonfastfood duetothelackofalternatives.“Thisproject isn’tjustaboutfarming,it’saboutmaking healthy,pesticide-freeproduceaccessibleto peoplewhoneeditthemost,”Billsaid. “Sollum’stechnologyallowsmetoapplythe bestlightingtoeachcrop,ensuringoptimal growthandmakingourvisionareality.We testedandreviewedanumberoflighting solutionsandSollumofferedafarsuperior optionforus.”

AboutSollumTechnologies

SollumTechnologiesdesignedtheonly100% dynamicLEDlightingsolutionthatmodulates thefullspectrumoftheSun’snaturallightto illuminateclosedenvironmentssuchas greenhouses,researchcentersand laboratories.Sollum’saward-winning,turnkey solutionconsistsofinternetofthings, AI-poweredlightfixturesthatarecontrolledby Sollum’sproprietarySUNasaService®cloud platform.Sollum’sdistinctivepropositionisa fullyscalablecleantechsolutionthatevolves withbusinessneedsandmulti-zonelight management,witheachzonebenefitingfrom automaticdimmingofanunlimitednumberof lightrecipes;thisiswhyitprovides unparalleledvalueintermsofenergysavings

and,additionallyforgreenhousegrowers, increasedproductivity,andsuperiorproduce quality.Foundedin2015,thecompanyis headquarteredinMontréal(Québec,Canada), whereitsdesign,development,and manufacturingactivitiesareconcentrated,and hasarepresentativeofficeinLeamington (Ontario,Canada). ■

AResearchTeamfromams

OSRAMandFraunhoferWins theDeutscherZukunftspreis (GermanFuturePrize)for DigitalLight ams-osram.com

Germany’sPresidentFrank-WalterSteinmeier honoredthewinnersoftheDeutscher Zukunftspreis2024ataformalceremonyin Berlin.Theawardwaspresentedtoateamof expertsledbyDr.NorwinvonMalmand StefanGrötschfromamsOSRAMandDr. HermannOppermannfromtheFraunhofer InstituteforReliabilityandMicrointegration IZMforthetechnologicalimplementationof theiridea—anLEDmatrixthatturnscar headlightsintoprojectors.TheLED technologydevelopedbytheteamopensup newpossibilitiesforinnovativedesignsthanks toitshigh-resolutionlightdistributionandits energyefficiency.

AspartoftheirDigitalLightproject,the researchersandtheirteamshavecompletely rethoughtintelligentLEDtechnologyand establishedabasictechnologythatenables numerousnewapplications,evenbeyondcar headlights.Dr.NorwinvonMalmandStefan GrötschfromamsOSRAMandDr.Hermann OppermannfromFraunhoferIZMhave developedalightsourcethatissmaller,lighter, moreefficient,moreintelligentandmore preciseinitslightoutputthanconventional lightsources.Thenewsystemwillallowcar headlights,forexample,toilluminatetheroad aheadpreciselyandbrightlywithoutblinding orendangeringoncomingtrafficor pedestrians.Aconventional low-beam/high-beamcombinationisnotan optionherebecauseitmustbepossibleto controlthelight’sspatialdistributionandfor thelightitselftoadapttotherespective situation.Toachievethis,thenewheadlight doesnotusetwolightsourceslike

conventionalheadlights.Instead,itrelieson 25,600LEDsinamatrixof320x80points, whereeachindividualLEDcanbecontrolled withadigitalsignal.Incombinationwitha speciallens,thiscreatesaheadlightthat worksmuchlikeavideoprojector.

Compactdesignandhighefficiency

Thenewsystemrequiresminimalinstallation spaceandishighlyefficientsinceonlythe LEDsthatareactuallyrequiredforthedesired lightdistributionareswitchedon.Systems withpassivelightmodulation,bycontrast,rely onshading,meaningthatthelightsourceis alwaysonatfullpower,andtheundesired lightisfilteredbackout.However,thisisan inefficientsolution,sinceitinvolvesgenerating unnecessarylight.Furthermore,thegenerated heatmustbedissipated,whichrequireslarge andexpensivecoolingsystems.Thenew systempreventstheselossesfromoccurring inthefirstplace.

Increasedsafetythroughprojected pictograms

Toincreasesafety,amsOSRAMand Fraunhoferhavecomeupwithsomething special:Theirheadlightnotonlyprovides preciseandefficientlightfortheroadahead;it alsoactsasaprojectorandcanproject pictogramsontotheroad,e.g.,asnowflakeif thereisariskoffrostoraspecificsymbolfor wrong-waydrivers.

DigitalLight—intelligentLEDtechnologyfor theworldoftomorrow Light-basedinformationopensupmanynew usecasesfortheteam’sLEDmatrix,which canbecontrolledviaadigitalsystem. Examplesincludeopticaldatacommunication betweencomputerchips,e.g.,indatacenters forAIapplications,oraugmentedreality(AR). Here,thelightmatrixcouldbeusedasa virtualmonitorforARglasses,wheredigital informationisdisplayedintheuser’sfieldof visioninadditiontothereal-world environment.Acompactdesignandenergy efficiencyareessentialheresinceARglasses mustbelightweightandhavealongbattery life.Theseusecasesdemonstratethe enormouspotentialofDigitalLightwhenit comestotransformingthewayshumansand electronicdevicesinteract.

DeutscherZukunftspreis—payingtributeto innovativeachievementsinengineeringand science

“Iextendmybestwishestotheteamsledby Dr.NorwinvonMalmandStefanGrötschas wellastoFraunhoferIZMonthisoutstanding award.ReceivingtheGermanPresident’s DeutscherZukunftspreisforourintelligentLED solutionDigitalLight,afterafirstawardin 2007,isaspecialdistinctionfortheentire Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.Theaward demonstratestheenormousinnovative strengthofamsOSRAMandunderlinesthe importanceofintelligentlightingandsensor technologiesforourdigitalsocietyoftoday

andtomorrow,”saidAldoKamper,CEOof amsOSRAM.

“Mysincerecongratulationstothewinning teamfromamsOSRAMandFraunhoferIZM onthisgreataward,”saidProf.Hanselka, PresidentoftheFraunhofer-Gesellschaft.“As partoftheirDigitalLightproject,the researchershavedonemorethandevelopa groundbreakingtechnologythatopensup newpossibilitiesforefficiency,safetyand design.Theyhavealsoprovidedafirst-class exampleoftheinnovativestrengththatcomes withtransferringcutting-edgescientific findingstopracticalapplicationsthroughthe collaborationbetweenresearchandindustry. TheFraunhoferIZMteamhasclearly demonstratedthededication,creativity, pioneeringresearchandentrepreneurialspirit thatcharacterizestheFraunhofer-Gesellschaft andformsthebasisofoursuccess.Being awardedtheDeutscherZukunftspreisisa greatsuccessforthewholeteamandshows theextraordinaryworkthathasgoneintothis project.”

Awardedannuallysince1997,theDeutscher Zukunftspreisisoneofthemostprestigious accoladesforscientificachievementin Germanyandincludes250,000eurosinprize money.Itcelebratesoutstanding achievementsinthefieldsoftechnology, engineering,andsciencethatresultin productsthatarereadyforapplieduse.Each year,aprestigiousjurygoesthrougha multi-stageprocesstoselectthreeresearch teamsandtheirinnovativeideafromawide rangeofprojects.Thesethreeteamsproceed tothefinalround,the“circleofthebest.”In additiontoinnovation,thejuryalsoevaluates theeconomicandsocialpotentialofthe project.ThisisthetenthtimethatFraunhofer hasbeenawardedtheDeutscher Zukunftspreis,withFraunhoferIZMreceiving theprizeforthefirsttime. ■

www.cree-led.com

CreeLEDiscommittedtodeliveringinnovative lightingsolutionsforhorticultureand agriculture,wheretailoredlightingisessential formaximizingyields.Unliketraditionallighting forhumanvision,thesesystemsrequire application-tunedspectralcontent,high efficacyandlonglifespans.

CreeLED’sadvancedproductsoffer industry-leadingefficiencyandreliability, designedspecificallyfortheseunique applications.

IntroducingtheXLamp®XP-LPhotoRedS LineLED

Comingsoon,theXLamp®XP-LPhotoRed SLineLEDissettoredefinehorticulture lighting.Designedfornext-generation luminaires,thisnewLEDdeliversoutstanding efficiencyanddurability,empoweringgrowers toachievesuperiorresults.

• ExceptionalEfficiency

WithatypicalWall-PlugEfficiency(WPE)of 83.5%at700mAand25°C,theXP-L PhotoRedSLineLEDoffersa6% efficiencyboostovertheXP-G3PhotoRed SLineLEDs.Thisextraperformancecan beusedtolowerPhotoRedLEDcountin luminairesby35

• UnmatchedDurability

BuiltwithadvancedSLinetechnology, theseLEDsfeatureoutstandingsulfurand corrosionresistance,makingthemidealfor harshgreenhouseenvironments.

• SeamlessUpgradePath

Featuringthesame3.45x3.45mmXP footprintasXP-G3PhotoRedSLineLEDs, theXP-LPhotoRedensuresaneasy upgradeforexistingsystems.Engineered forReliabilityandPerformance

CreeLED’sSLineLEDsaredesignedfor demandinghorticultureapplications,ensuring:

Superiorsystemreliabilitythroughrigorous switchinganddimmingcycles.Long-lasting performancederivedfromprovenoutdoor lightingtechnology.Reducedmaintenance costsandimprovedROIforgreenhouse operators.MaximizeYourYieldswithCree LED

CreeLEDcontinuestoexpanditsportfolioof XLamphorticultureLEDs,delivering cutting-edgesolutionsformodernagriculture. Fromverticalfarmingtogreenhouses,ourS LineLEDspromiseextendedoperational lifespans,heightenedefficiencyandoptimized yields,helpinggrowersthriveinany environment.

AboutCreeLED

CreeLEDoffersoneoftheindustry’sbroadest portfoliosofapplication-optimizedLEDchips andcomponents,leadingtheindustryin performanceandreliability.Ourteamdelivers best-in-classtechnologyandbreakthrough solutionsforfocusedapplicationsinhigh powerandmid-powergenerallighting, specialtylightingandvideoscreens.Cree LEDdevelopsproductsbackedbyexpert designassistance,superiorsalessupportand industry-bestglobalcustomerservice. cree-led.com ■

ALookBackatLiGHT24 WithArtistFrankieBoyle

www.frankieboylestudio.com

Visitorstolastyear’sLiGHT24exhibition,held onthe20thand21stofNovemberatthe BusinessDesignCentreinIslington,London, receivedtheuniqueopportunitytoviewthe never-before-seenartinstallation

‘Intra-spectrum’byartistFrankieBoyle, poweredbyleadingarchitecturallighting manufacturerformalighting.

FrankieBoyleisarenownedexperiential creativedirectorandartistspecializingin immersiveandexperientialdesign,witha profoundfocusonlightandcolortheory.With overadecadeofexperienceintheeventand lightingindustries,sheisrecognisedfor craftinginnovativeinstallationsand experiencesthatguideaudiencesthrough transformativeemotionaljourneys.

ThiswasFrankie’sfirsttimecreatinganart installationforatradeshow,andsheshares thelearningcurvesthatcamealongwiththis project.Frankiesays,“Intra-spectrumwas artisticallyoneofthemostchallenging installationsIhaveevercreated.This installationwasaboutpaintingwithlight,like anartistthatworkswithpaintandcanvas,you neverknowwhattheoutcomeisgoingtolook likeuntilyougetthere,thisinstallationwasno different.Oneofthebiggestchallengeswhen workingwithlightisthatclientswilloftenwant toknowwhatthefinalpieceisgoingtolook likebeforeaninstallationbegins,butlight interactsdifferentlydependentonmaterials andspace.

Frankie’sworkrevolvesaroundhuman behaviors,andtheexclusivelycreated Intra-spectruminstallationaimedtoigniteand resurfacememoriesandemotionsasvisitors movedthroughthespace.Frankiesays,“Our goalwastohighlightthereflectionand refractionofthelightandhowitmadepeople feel,creatingsomethingforpeopleto experienceandenjoy,ratherthanfocusingon theproductsthemselvesincontrasttothe restofthetradeshow.Lightisalanguagethat everyonespeaks,onasubconsciouslevel, andIgetthemostenjoymentfromseeingthe effectsmyinstallationshaveonpeoplein person.

“Itwasanexcitingchallengetobringtogether botharchitecturalandentertainmentlighting

toprovideamomentintimewherepeople couldstopandpauseandfeelpeaceand tranquilitywithinanoverstimulatingspaceof thetradeshow.Theinstallationignitesyour innerlight,takingyouonbothaphysicaland emotionaljourney.”

Tocreatethekaleidoscopeofvibrantcolors andreflectionsinthisartwork,Frankieused dichroicfilm,amaterialthatexhibitsdifferent colorswhenviewedfromdifferentangles, creatingacolor-shiftingeffect.Thelighting productsprovidedbyformalightingwerethe brand’sMotoZeroandCobraluminaires, whichprovidedincredibleCRItobringoutthe richcolorpaletteatwork.Thelightingwas Casambi-controlledtocreatepanningspots andsoftmovementthatemulatedthenatural flowofwater.

Sustainabilitywasalsoattheforefrontofthis project,withtheartinstallationdesignedtobe reusable.Sincetheexhibition,thematerial hasbeendisassembledandtransportedto BartsHealthNHSTrust,agroupofhospitals whichprovidevitalservicestoover2.5million peopleineastLondonandbeyond,tocreate bespokeartworkforthehospitaltopromote patienthealing.

Frankieadds,“Asaneurodivergentindividual, sensoryspaceswereintegraltomy development,andIamproudthat Intra-spectrumcanbereusedandrebuiltto providesensoryexperiencestopatientsin hospitaltosupporttheirwellbeing.Itisan amazingcontinuationofthestoryofthe installationtohelppeopleinthecommunity whilebeingsympathetictotheplanet.” ■

Tridonic:NewCertificationfor EmergencyLighting

www.tridonic.com

Tridonic,aleadingproviderofemergency lightingsolutions,isthefirstmanufacturerto receiveENECcertificationforitslithiumiron phosphatebatteries.Thenewcertification schemewasdevelopedbytheresponsible organisationETICS(EuropeanTesting, InspectionandCertificationSystem)and deployedbyDEKRA.

ThenewENECmarkforLiFePO4batteries buildsontheextensivetestsand documentationrelatingtothesafetyof emergencylightingproductsatTridonic. ■

DALIInsightswithDALIAlliance’sChair oftheBoardoftheDirectors–

ArnulfRUPP,GovernmentalAffairs DirectoratInventronics

ArnulfRupp:

“WirelessDALI+isagame-changerfor lightingcontrols,enablingenergy efficiencyandflexibilityinrenovations withouttheneedforcostlyrewiring.”

Inthisexclusiveinterview,ArnulfRupp,ChairoftheBoardofDirectorsat theDALIAllianceandGovernmentalAffairsDirectoratInventronics, sharedhisuniqueinsightsintotheevolutionofDALItechnology,its groundbreakingapplications,andthetransformativepotentialofDALI+. Withanillustriouscareerinthelightingindustry,Arnulfreflectedonthe futureofwirelesslightingcontrolsanddiscussedhowDALIisshaping thepathtowardsustainabilityandinnovationinlightingsolutions.Thisis anunmissablereadforanyoneinterestedinthefutureoflighting.

dali-alliance.org

LEDprofessional: Thefirstthingwe wouldbeinterestedinhearingabout isyourcareerpathandhowyouultimatelybecameGovernmentalAffairs DirectoratInventronics.

ArnulfRUPP: Ispentmostofmyprofessionalcareerinthelightingindustry.Afterfinishingmyphysicsdegree attheTechnicalUniversityinMunich, Istartedmyprofessionalcarrierinresearchanddevelopmentforautomotivehigh-pressurelampsatOSRAM. Itwasanamazinglearningexperience whichincludedunderstandingthefundamentalsofplasmaphysicsofdischarge lamps,circuitdesignforpowerelectronicsdrivingdischargelampsandeven someaspectsofproductionequipment development.Masteringthecomplexity oftheinterfacesbetweenalltheseelementsandtheeminentneedtoagreeon interfacespecificationsinsidethecompanyaswellaswithcustomersbecame mypassion.Whenthetransitionfrom classicallampstoLEDstarted,Ihadthe opportunitytogainbusinessandmanagerialexperiencewhileworkinginthe corporatestrategydepartmentasan inter-companymanagementconsultant andlaterinmarketingandbusinessdevelopmentrolesinthenewlyestablished LEDbusinessunitsofOSRAM.During thattime,IalsowentthroughanexecutiveMBAprogramwiththeUniversity ofAugsburgincooperationwithJoseph M.KatzBusinessSchoolinPittsburgh. Iexperiencedthatworkingwithindustryalliancesandassociationscanbea powerfultoolforbusinessdevelopment, especiallyinthedigitalandconnectivity relatedindustry.WhenImovedtoInventronics,Ibecamegovernmentalaffairs

andintellectualpropertymanagement director.Aspartofthisrole,I’malsoactingasthechairoftheboardofdirectors inDALIAlliance,asboardsecretaryin theThreadGroupandasamemberof theboardofdirectorsofLightingEurope.

LEDprofessional: It’sarealopportunitytobeabletodiscusslighting controlsand,specifically,DALIwith you.Inthisinterview,wewanttofocusonwirelessDALI,alsoknownas DALI+.Beforewedivein,though,we wouldliketoclarifysometerminology forourreaders.Whatexactlydothe termsDALI,DALI-2,D4i,andDALI+ mean?

ArnulfRUPP: Indeed,thedifferentlogos andtrademarkswhichwereaddedover theyearsmaybeconfusing.DALIAllianceistheglobalconsortiumoflighting companiesdevelopingandpromoting theDigitalAddressableLightingInterface (DALI)protocol,whichisbasedonthe internationalIEC62386standard.The wordDALIandthegraphicalDALIlogo aregloballyprotectedtrademarksofthe DALIAlliance.TheystandfortheDALI technologyaswellastheorganization.

InadditiontotheDALItechnologyand brand,DALIAlliancealsomaintainscertificationprogramsfordifferentproduct categoriesknownasDALI-2,D4iand DALI+.AllproductslistedintheDALI certificationdatabaseonthewebsite underthesecertificationmarkshave beendiligentlycheckedwithtestsequencesprovidedbythealliance.These productrelatedtrademarksindicatefor whichuse-casetheproductandthecorrespondingtestsequencehavebeen

designedfor.AllthreecertificationprogramscoverLEDdrivers,inputdevices andapplicationcontrollers,butfordifferentconnectivityscenarios.

DALI-2productscommunicatewiththe “classical”2-wireDALIbus.Theyareintendedforlightingcontrolsystemscoveringaroom,afloororevenacomplete buildingwithmultipleDALIsubnets.Dependingonthenationalelectricalcode, theDALIwiresmaybeincludedinside theelectricalpowercabling,e.g.insidea NYM5cable,ortheymaycomeasextra data-cables.Typically,onebuspower supplyisconnectedtoaDALIsubnet, orthebusispoweredbytheapplication controller.

D4iproductsalsocommunicatewitha 2-wireDALIbus.Thekeydifferenceis thataD4isystemjustconnectsproductsinsideoneluminaireorasmallsubsystemwithamaximumoffourLED drivers.Thisarchitectureisintendedto makewiredDALI/D4iproductseasilyaccessiblefromwirelesscontrols eco-systems,suchasBluetoothMesh, Zigbee,DALI+(tobeexplainedbelow) orothernetworkingsystems.AllLED driversandsensorsinsidetheluminaire areautomaticallydiscoveredina“plug& play”waybytheconnectivitynodeofthe wirelesseco-system,alsoknownasthe D4igatewayorbridge.BuspowersupplyandDALIdatafeaturesformetering anddiagnosticsaremandatoryforallD4i LEDdrivers.

DALI+productscommunicateusing awirelessorIPnetworkcarryingthe sameDALIcommandsknownfromits wiredcounterparts.WirelessDALI+LED

drivers,inputdevicesandapplication controllersincludearadiotransceiverfor datatransmission.

ThisenablesDALIsystemswithboth wiredandwirelessendpointswithout theneedfortranslatinggateways.Wired andwirelesssub-systemscanstillbe connectedusingaDALI+bridge.Both wiredDALIandwirelessDALI+productsaretestedwiththesamerigorous certificationtests,ensuringseamless interoperability.BecauseDALI+also supportscarryingDALIcommandsover IP(internetprotocol)carriers,application controllersmaybeimplementedfullyin software,runningonubiquitouscomputinghardware.

LEDprofessional: Whatwerethemain reasonsfordefiningDALIasawirelessoption,DALI+,andtherebyexpandingtheecosystem?

ArnulfRUPP: Theglobalcommercial buildingstockisgrowingsteadily,butin developedcountriesonlyaboutone-fifth ofnewlightingproductsareinstalledin newbuildings.Mostnewlightingproductsareinstalledinbuildingswhichare builtalready.Underthepressuretoreducecarbonfootprint,renovationwill becomeevenmoreimportantinthe comingyears.Lightinghasgreatpotentialtocontributetomakingcommercialbuildingsmoreenergyefficient.But renovationofbuildingshasitsownchallenges.Theremaybelimitedbudget forre-wiringifnomajorrenovationis planned.Powercablesarethere,butthe extraDALIcablesmaynotbepresentor onlybepartiallyavailable.Historicstructureswithstrictpreservationregulations oftenpreventre-wiring.SinceCOVID-19, theneedforflexibilityandcustomization incommercialbuildingsisalsoincreasing further.

Theseareallgoodreasonstoconsiderwirelesstechnologyforrenovation projects,avoidingtheneedforexpensive re-wiringofthebuildingwhileincreasingflexibilityforfutureusescenariosof thebuilding.Inadditiontothetechnical needsofrenovation,wearealsofacingthatrenovationoftenhappensunder stricttimepressureorrenovationisexpectedtohappenwhileoperationsare ongoing.Withanincreasingshortage ofskilledlabor,simplificationofthedeploymentprocessisofhighimportance. Wirelesstechnologyinmanyaspectsis theanswertothosechallenges.

DALIAlliance,theopen,globalconsortiumoflightingcompaniesaimingtogrowthemarketfor lighting-controlsolutionswiththeDigitalAddressableLightingInterface(DALI)protocolbasedontheIEC 62386standard. LogooftheTechnology&Organisation(top).CertificationPrograms.(below) DALI2:(below/left) 2-wirefieldbusforcommunicationwithLEDdrivers,sensorsandcontrolsaswellas for(limited)powersupplytosomedevices. D4i:(below/middle) Plug&Play*intra-luminairebusfor communicationbetweenLEDdrivers,sensorsandcommunicationnodes. *Plug&Playmeansautomatic discoverywithoutDALIcommissioningandpowersupplyforbuild-indevices. DALI+:(below/right) DALI commandscarriedoverawirelessand/orIP-basedmediumwiththesamefeaturesandleveloftestingas DALI-2.

D4i:ThefullpictureofIntra-luminaireDALIincludesi)Poweravailabletoconnectivenodes&sensors,ii) SmartDatareportingtoexternalnetwork,andiii)Compatiblewithmultiplewirlesscontrolsnetworks.

DALIAllianceisaddressingtheneedfor wirelesslightingcontrolstechnologyin multipleways.Itisnotexpectedthatwe willseeonedominatingwirelesstechnologyintheforeseeablefuture.Thetechnicalrequirementsaredifferentindifferent industrysectorsandapplications.Also, thepressuretostaycompatiblewithexistingproductsandecosystemswillnot goaway.WiththeD4iarchitecture,DALI Alliancehaspavedthewayformultiple wirelessconnectivityeco-systemstouse existingwiredDALItechnologyinwirelesscontrolssystems.WithDALI+the allianceisaddinganoptiontostayinside theDALIecosystemforwirelessaswell. Thisisparticularlyusefulinapplications

wherewiredDALI-2andwirelessDALI+ willco-exist.Butitisalsoanattractive choiceforDALImemberswhowantto enterwirelesstechnologywhileprotectingtheinvestmenttheyalreadymadein wiredDALIovertheyears.Becausethe DALIcommandsetremainsessentially unchangedinDALI+andthetechnical andapplicationexperiencerelatedtoit canbereused,itisapreferredwayto evolveintowirelesstechnologycoming fromDALI-2.

LEDprofessional: Whatdoesthenew ecosystem,includingDALI+,look like,andwhatconfigurationscanbe achievedforrooms,buildings,and

cities?WhatarethesystemlimitationsofDALI+?

ArnulfRUPP: DALI+technologyenables thesamerichlightingcontrolscapabilitieswealreadyhavewithwiredDALI-2. Therearenolimitationsinthetypeof productsandDALIspecificationparts thatcanbeimplementedwiththeunderlyingtechnicalstandardofDALI+.The internationalstandardIEC62386-104 defineshowtoimplementallexisting DALIfeaturesknownfromwiredDALI withwirelessandIPnetworks.Thisincludesthecommandsforcontrolling LEDlightsources,inputdevicesallowing controlsystemstoreacttoenvironmentalconditionchangesanduserneedsas wellasapplicationcontrollers.

However,itneedstobeconsideredthat thecertificationprogramallowingforthe useoftheDALI+certificationmarkis notyetavailableforallDALIspecification parts.Atpresent,LEDdriversincludingtheDALIdataextensionsforenergy meteringanddiagnostics,application controllersandthemostimportantinput devicescanalreadybecertified.CertificationforDALI+bridgeproductsconnectingDALI+withclassicalDALI-2and D4iisexpectedtostartearlyin2025. Becauseabridgeallowsconnecting anyexistingDALIproductwithaDALI+ network,itisaveryimportantaddition, makingthefullsetofDALIfeaturesaccessibletoDALI+applicationcontrollers. Emergencylighting,colorcontroland moresensortypeswillfollow.

LEDprofessional: Let’salsodiscuss sustainabilityasacrucialelementof anynewlightingsolution.Howdoes DALI+supportsustainablesolutions, andcanitbeconsideredsustainable inthelongterm?

ArnulfRUPP: WirelessDALIisanimportantenablertounlockthepotentialof additionalenergysavingsandwell-being forexistingbuildings.DALI+isexpected tosignificantlyincreasethedeployment rateoflightingcontrolsinrenovation projects.Itiswellunderstoodfromlife cycleassessmentstudiesneededforthe upcomingenvironmentalproductdeclarationsthatthedominantcontributionto carbonemissionfromlightingsystems resultsfromtheenergyconsumption duringtheuse-phaseoflightingproducts.Inotherwords,anyinvestment inenergysavingswithlightingcontrols translatesintoastrongandsustainable

environmentalbenefit.Thepossibilityto reduceenergyconsumptionwithoutthe burdenofmasonryworkneededtorewirethebuildingnotonlyoffersaquick returnoninvestmentfromamonetary pointofview,butalsofromacarbon emissionpointofview.

FortheDALI+certificationprogram, DALIAlliancemadeachoiceforthe ThreadProtocolastheunderlyingwirelessnetworkingtechnology.Othersuitablenetworkingtechnologiesmaybe addedlaterforspecificapplicationneeds. ThespecificstrengthoftheThreadpro-

TheentireDALI+systemcommunicatesusingtheexistingDALIlanguage,initiallyviaThreadascarrier.A DALI+bridgeallowsapplicationcontrollersintheDALI+systemtocontrol,configureandquerydevicesina DALIwiredsystem.BroadrangeofconnectivityisavailableforBMS,Ethernetrouter,D4iandDALI2 subnets. SystemstructurewithaDALI+Bridge-ApplicationController.

tocolisthatitimplementsanIPcapable lowpowermeshnetwork.Withthat, DALI+enableslowenergyconsumption forthetransmissionofDALIcommands andthusminimizesstandbylossesand overallenergyconsumptionofthecontrolscomponents.

LEDprofessional: Thecomplexityof systemsisconstantlyincreasing,and ecosystemsaregrowinglarger.How willsystemswithDALI+orhybridsystemswithmanyparticipants,actuators,andsensorsbemanagedinthe future?

ArnulfRUPP: Aswithanylargenetworkingsystem,DALIsystemsalso requirestructuringnetworksintosubnetsandbackbonenetworks.Thisis aknownpracticeinDALI-2,wherethe addressspaceoftheprotocolalready limitsthesizeofonesubnetto64controlgearsand64controldevices.Such alimitationdoesnotexistinDALI+with Thread,becausedevicescanbeaddressedusingtheirIPv6addressprovidedbytheunderlyingnetwork.The IPv6addressspaceisverylargeand wouldtheoreticallyallowuniqueaddressesforthousandsofnodesper everysquaremeteroftheearth’ssurface.StillthecommonpracticeinIPv6 networksisstructuringthenetworkin smallersubnetstailoredtotheavailable throughputcapabilitiesofthephysicalcarriertechnology.Thebenefitof theinternetprotocolisthatthenetworkstructureislargelyindependent

fromtheapplicationprotocolandcan evenbechangedwithoutbreakingthe networkorrequiringre-configuration whenthephysicalthroughputlimits arereached.ThismakesThreadbased DALI+networksextremelyscalableand futureproof.Itwouldevenallowsharingthenetworkresourceswithother eco-systemssuchasKNXIoTorMatter, verymuchlikedifferentITapplications sharingthesameWiFinetworkinoffice buildingstoday.

Suchwirelesssharedsensor/actuatornetworksarenotwildlyusedtoday butmaybecomeaneedinthefuture whenthenumberofisolatedwireless networksfordifferentcontrolssystems inabuildinggrowsfurther.MostwirelessIoTnetworksusethelicensefree 2,4GHzbandmakinginterferenceunavoidable.Sharingthephysicalnetwork usingacommonIPprotocolcanhelp avoidinterferenceandreduceconnectivityoverhead.

LEDprofessional: Securityisacrucialaspectofallwirelesssolutions. Thread,whichisnowwidelyused, servesasthecommunicationcarrier. HowsecureisDALI+inrealapplications?

ArnulfRUPP: DALI+iswellprepared forthegrowingcybersecurityneedsand upcomingregulatoryrequirementsinthe differentregionsoftheworld.Thread itselfisasecurebydesignnetwork wherenodevicecanbeaddedtothe

Modernofficelightingrequiresflexibleequipmentandilluminationsolutions.DALI+isanexcellentoptionfor applicationsinvolvingrenovations,retrofitting,andadaptability.

networkwithoutproperauthentication ofthejoiningdevice.Communicationis alwaysencryptedusingstateoftheart cryptographicmethods.Ontopofthe networklevelencryption,DALI+adds anotherlayerofsymmetricapplication layerencryptioneffectivelyisolatingthe lightingnetworkfromanyotherdevices androutershavingaccesstothedata transmittedinthesamenetwork.Both groupcommunicationaswellastheunicastcommunicationbetweendevices benefitsfromtheadditionalapplication layersecurity.Keydeploymentleverages aTLSbasedasymmetricencryption method.

Nexttothecryptographicpropertiesof thenetworkingprotocol,itisimportant thatDALImembersimplementproper managementofsecurityvulnerabilities. DALI+technologysupportsthatprocess withastandardizedmethodfordeliveringfirmwareupdatesthatmemberscan usetocopewithanysecurityvulnerabilitieswhichmayarise.

LEDprofessional: ThereisanextensivecertificationprogramforDALI andDALI+thatverifiesbothdata transmissionanddevicebehavior. WhatexactlydoestheDALIcertificationentail,especiallyforDALI+?

ArnulfRUPP: DALIAlliancerequiresall certifiedproductstopassasophisticatedandhighlyautomizedtestprocedurewithhoursofinteroperabilityand deviceleveltesting.

TheuniquestrengthoftheDALIAlliance certificationprogramisthatnotonly reliabledatatransmissionandcompliancewiththeencodingrequirementsof theDALIlanguageischecked,butalso thephysicaloutputresultingfromDALI commandsisverified.Forexample,the properimplementationofthelogarithmic dimmingcurveandtheexecutionoffade ratesandfadetimesarecheckedbythe DALItestharness.

ForDALI+thecertificationprogramrequiresThreadcertificationfortheunderlyingnetworkingprotocolandsuccessful executionofthesameapplicationlayer testswhichwouldapplytothecomparableDALI-2product.Inaddition,special DALI+testshavebeendevelopedfor DALI+commandencodingrulesandfor DALI+bridgestranslatingbetweenwirelessandwiredDALI.

LEDprofessional: Ofcourseweare alsointerestedintheavailabilityof DALI+systemsanddevices.What doesthefurtherroadmaplooklike, andwhencanweexpecttoseethe firstDALI+systemsonthemarket?

ArnulfRUPP: DespitethefactthatcertificationprogramforasubsetofDALI+ devicetypeshasalreadybeenlaunched, therearestillimportantpartsmissing fromacertificationprogrampointof view.However,thatdoesnotmean thattheindustryhasnotimplemented thetechnicalstandardyet.Products andsystemsusingtheunderlyingIEC 62386-104standardalreadyexistin themarketandmembersoftheDALI Alliancecontinuepushingforthefurtherdevelopmentofthetechnologyand certificationprogramwiththetargetto introducefullycertifiedDALI+systemsin thefuture.

Consideringthecomplexityofthetechnologyandthelongvaluechain,myestimateforfullycertifiedDALI+systems downtothelevelofluminairesandcontrolssolutionswithonlycertifiedDALI+ componentsrangesbetweenlate2025 andearly2026.Meanwhilewewillsee moreproductsimplementingthetechnologyandmoreproductcategories begintobeaddedtothecertification program.

LEDprofessional: DoestheDALIAllianceensurelong-termsupportfor DALI+systems?Howisthisachieved, andisDALI+actuallyaninternational standard?

ArnulfRUPP: TheDALIAllianceisabsolutelycommittedtomakeDALI+alongtermavailablesystemwithsupplyfrom multiplemembercompanies.Theunderlyingtechnicalstandardisalreadyavailableasaninternationalstandardandthe comprehensivechangesandadditions contributedbyDALImemberssincethe firstpublicationoftheIEC62386-104 standardwillalsobemadeavailableas updatestotheIECdocument.TheproposedchangestotheIECdocumentare alreadyavailablefordownloadfromthe DALIAlliancewebsite.

LEDprofessional: Inconclusion,we wouldliketoknowwhereonecan findrelevantinformationtodelve deeperintoDALI+.Thisincludesdesigners,developers,andpotential partners.Whatdoyourecommend forthoseinterestedinquickly,efficiently,andcurrentlygettingupto speedonthistopic?

ArnulfRUPP: Introductorycontent abouttheDALI+technologyandpublishedstandardsareavailablefromthe DALIAlliancewebsiteinthesection

Standards»DALI+overview.Ifyouare consideringthedevelopmentofDALI+ products,thebestwaytogetthemost updatedinformationiswatchingthe DALIAlliancememberwebinarsandif youareaDALIAllianceregularmember, participatingintheDALI+workgroup.

AsaplannerorluminairemakerIrecommendwatchingforpublicationsfrom DALImembersinvolvedinDALI+.

LEDprofessional: Thankyou,Mr. Rupp,foryourtimeandthevaluable insightsintotheDALIworld!Wewish youmuchsuccess!

ArnulfRUPP: ThankyoufortheopportunitytoprovidemyviewpointsonDALI andDALI+inparticular. ■

Foradditionalinformation,pleasevisit dali-alliance.org

FromVisiontoReality:HowGewissis RevolutionizingtheLightingIndustry–

AlfonsoD’Andretta,ManagingDirector, BULightingatGewiss

AlfonsoD’Andretta “Nevercompromiselong-term strategicobjectivesbecauseof short-termgoals.”

Inthisexclusiveinterview,theManagingDirectorofBULightingat Gewissreflectsonhisjourneyinthelightingindustry,hisleadership approach,andthecompany’sambitiousdirectionfollowingthe acquisitionofPerformanceiNLighting.Thisstrategicmoveenhances Gewiss’presenceinkeysegmentslikeoffice,industry,andurbanlighting. Hediscussesinnovationssuchasconnectedandhuman-centriclighting, sustainability,andsmartcitysolutions,emphasizingthebalancebetween technologicalprogressandthequalityoflight.Withafocusonleveraging newopportunitiesandtacklingchallenges,heshareshisvisionforthe futureoflightingandtheimportanceofdisruptionindrivingprogress.

www.gewiss.com

LEDprofessional: Whatdrewyouto thelightingindustry,andhowhas yourcareerpathledyoutoyourcurrentroleatGewiss?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Istartedmyprofessionalcareerinthelightingindustry backin2008whenIjoinedPhilips(now Signify).Afterabout13yearsinmultiple geographiesandroles,primarilymarketing,salesandoperations,Ihadthe opportunitytoleveragemyexperience andapplyitinadifferentdomain,movingtoanaccesscontrolcompanyas ChiefSalesOfficer.In2024Ijoinedthe lightingindustryonceagain,takingan excitingassignmentwithinanambitious organizationsuchasGewiss.

LEDprofessional: Canyoushare someinsightsintoyourleadership style?Howdoyoubalanceoperationaldemandswithlong-termstrategicthinking?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: OnceIwastold thatawell-roundedmanageristheone whocanapplydifferentmanagement stylesdependingonthesituationhe orsheisin.Ialwaystrytobearthisin mind,connectingwiththecounterpart andreadingthesituation,tobeaseffectiveasIpossiblycan.Abovethis, thereisonesingleruleIalwaystryto stickto:nevercompromiselong-term strategicobjectivesbecauseofshorttermgoals.Likesailing,sometimesyou needtoadaptthesailstothewind,and inroughwatersevenadjusttheroute, butstillkeepfunctionallymovingtoward thefinaldestinationyouhaveenvisioned.

LEDprofessional: Gewissrecently acquired“PerformanceiNLighting.” Whatstrategicgoalsmotivatedthis acquisition,andhowdoesitalignwith Gewiss’broadervisionforthelighting business?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Theacquisitionof PerformanceiNLightingwasmotivated byGewiss’commitmenttosignificantly scaleupitslightingbusiness,through competencies,portfolioandcoverage.It surelyrepresentsanimportantfirststep inthisdirection.

LEDprofessional: Whatimpactdo youexpectthisacquisitiontohaveon yourmarketposition,bothinItalyand internationally?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Theacquisitionof PerformanceiNLightingsignificantlyreinforcesGewiss’positioninthemarket, particularlyincertainsegmentssuchas Office,Industry,Residential,Sportand Urban,andincertaingeographieslike Germany,FranceandItalyjusttoname afew.

LEDprofessional: HowwilltheproductportfoliosofGewissandPerformanceiNLightingcomplementeach other?Willtherebeanyproductline expansionsorinnovationsasaresult oftheacquisition?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: AtGewiss,2024 wastheyearofauniquevisionoflight, inallitsforms,arenewedproposal,a singlepointofreferenceforeverylighting needinanew,unifiedlightingportfolio.Thenewproposalcoversapplicationsrangingfromhospitalitytoretailand

healthcare,fromofficetoindustry,from residentialtosportfacilities,urbanand largeareas.Anofferingwhichcombines performancewithinnovationanddesign, todelivercomfort,safetyandefficiency. Thisisthedirectionwewillkeepinvestingin,intheyearstocome.

LEDprofessional: Whatnewopportunitiesintermsoftechnologyormarketsegmentsdoesthisacquisition unlockforGewiss?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Theacquisition enablesaccesstonewmarketsand segmentstobeleveraged,thanksto synergieswithinthelightingdomainand beyond.

LEDprofessional: Thelightingindustryisrapidlyevolving,particularlywith advancementsinsmartlightingand IoT.HowisGewisspositioningitself totakeadvantageofthesetrends?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Connectedlighting willdefinitelyplayakeyroleinourstrategyfortheyearstocome.AtGewiss weareputtingsignificantinvestmentsin thisdirection,withtheobjectiveofhavingafullsuiteofarchitecturesdesigned aroundthespecificneedsofeachsegment.Webelievethatbothverticaland horizontalintegrationswillbekeyforour customerstounlockthepotentialoftheir infrastructure.

LEDprofessional: Sustainabilityisa keyfocusinmanyindustriestoday. HowisGewissincorporatingsustainabilityintoitsproductdevelopment andoperationsinthelightingsector?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Innovationisan integralpartoftheGewissDNA;ithas thusmadethedecisiontodevelopa responsiblebusinessmodel,which promotesrespectfulconducttowards peopleandtheenvironment.Gewissis committedtoputtingforwardsolutions, servicesandproductsthat,startingfrom thedesignphase,takeintoaccountnot justthemarketrequirementsbutalsothe needforsustainabilityineveryphaseof theirlife.

Indevelopingsolutions,servicesand processes,Gewissstrivestooffera rangethatrespondstotheneedsand expectationsofourcustomers,inline withdrivingforcesofsustainabilityand sustainabledevelopment.Theaimisto developinnovativesolutions,services, andprocesseswithaspecificfocuson social,environmentalandeconomicaspects.Todefinesustainabledevelopmentcriteriaforoursolutions,services andprocesses,Gewissisinspiredby thePillarsofSustainabilitydefinedinthe UnitedNationsreport,“OurCommon

Future”,identifyingguidelinesforeach one.

In2024weconcludedandobtainedthe PEPEcopassportcertificationforthe SmartrangeandfurtherLCAstudiesare plannedfornextyeartounderstandthe environmentalimpactsoftheproducts andpossiblyobtainthird-partycertifications.

LEDprofessional: Inyouropinion, whatarethemostsignificantinnovationswecanexpecttoseeinthe lightingindustryoverthenextfew years?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Inthelast15years, thelightingindustryhasbeenrevolutionizedbythedistributiveadventofdigitalization.Ibelievewehavenotseenitall yet.Infact,technologystilloffersspace forfurtherenhancementswhenitcomes toperformanceandrangeofapplications.Thisbecomesevenmoretrueif appliedtodataenabledservices.One

thingtheindustryhasbeenlosingonthe waythough,istheattentiontothequalityoflightanditsapplication.Wealways needtorememberthemassiveimpact lighthasonthecommunity.Weallneed tobringtherightattentionbacktothe technicalfundamentalsoflight,while capturingthepotentialofnewtechnologies.

LEDprofessional: Howdoyousee theroleoflightingchanginginsmart citiesandurbandevelopment,and howisGewisscontributingtothis future?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Lightinghasa massiveimpactonurbandevelopments. Ittransformsareasmakingthemwelcomingandsafeforpeopletocome togetherandexperiencethecommunity. Connectedlightingbringsanadditional elementtotheequation,allowingpeopletoengagewiththespacearound them,thankstoadaptivelighting.Finally, forthemunicipalitiesawell-designed citylightingmanagementsystembrings significantefficiencyinmaintainingthe infrastructure,andbetterserviceforthe citizens.

LEDprofessional: Withtheincreasing emphasisonhuman-centriclighting, howdoesGewissplantointegrate healthandwell-beingconsiderations intoitsproducts?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Gewiss,inparticular,PerformanceiNLighting,isintegratinghealthandwell-beingconsiderations intoitslightingproductsbyfocusingon Human-CentricLighting(HCL),which alignswithnaturalcircadianrhythmsto improvesleep,reducestress,andenhanceproductivity.Theyareincorporatingsmartlightingsystemsthatadaptto daylightconditionsandindividualneeds, andusingLEDtechnologyforsuperior lightqualityandenergyefficiency.Additionally,Gewissiscommittedtosustainabilitybyminimizingtheenvironmental impactoftheirlightingsolutions,ensuringtheypromotebothhumanwell-being andecologicalbalance.

LEDprofessional: Whatarethebiggest challengescurrentlyfacingthelightingindustry,andhowisGewissnavigatingthem?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Aspreviouslymentioned,atechnologicalfastpacetransformationsuchasdigitalizationoffers

PerformanceiNLightingproject:MAFFEIPALACE-Verona-Italy.

greatopportunitiesbutalsosignificant threats.Asanindustry,weshouldnot forgetthefundamentalsofthequality oflightanditsapplication,whilepursuingnewdimensionsenabledbythe advancementofthetechnology.This waywereallycapturethefullpotentialof light.

LEDprofessional: Supplychainissues haveaffectedmanyindustriesglobally.HowhasGewissmanagedthese challenges,andwhatmeasureshave youimplementedtoensurecontinuity inproductionandinnovation?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Thisisundoubtedly afact.Dependanceonthesupplychain ofcertaincomponentsisapointofconstantattention.WeatGewisstakeour supplierbasisextremelyseriously.We seeandmanageitasanextensionof ourownorganization.This,togetherwith thoroughplanning,givesussolidcontrol andmitigatespossibledisruptionsinthe valuechain.

LEDprofessional: WhatroledoesinnovationplayinGewiss’strategyto staycompetitiveinthegloballighting market?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Acompanywithout innovationhasnofuture.Innovationisat theverycoreofwhatwedothrougha continuousinnovationcyclethatfunnels ideastoactualprojectsandultimately offerssolutionsforthemarket.Thecyclecanbelongerorshorter,depending onthecomplexity.Webalancespeed dependingonthehorizonofthespecific project.Notethatinnovationisnotonly whatwebringtothemarket,butalso howweoperate,thewayweintegrate oursolutionswithinaspecificvertical andthemeansweusetodeliverbetter servicetoourcustomers.

LEDprofessional: Withenergyefficiencybecomingacriticalfocus formanyindustries,howisGewiss adaptingitsproductstomeetstricter regulatoryrequirements?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Weareextremely activewhenitcomestoanticipatingregulatoryrequirements.Weactuallyadvocateforraisingthebarwhenitcomesto thequalityoflightinallitsdimensions, fromcomponentstoapplication.

LEDprofessional: Whathasbeen themostsignificantlessonyou’ve learnedinyourtimeasManagingDirectoratGewiss?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: ThemostsignificantlessonistheoneI’mgoingtolearn next.WhatImeanis;I’mconstantly learning.Everyday.I’mtrulyblessed inthissense.Toquotethefounderof thecompanyhimself,Cav.Domenico Bosatelli:Aimforthestars.Youwon’t reachthembuttheywillguideyou.

Ifinditabeautifulsummaryofwhatwe do,andwillkeepdoing.

LEDprofessional: Howdoyouenvisionthefutureoflightinginthenext 10years,andwhatrolewillGewiss playinshapingthatfuture?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Ipersonallybelieve thatthelightingindustryhasabrilliant future.Thereissomuchmorewecan dotomakenewtechnologiesevolve andcontributetosocietywithbetterand moresustainablelight.AtGewisswe definitelywanttomakeasignificantcontribution,andwewillbeworkingtowards this.

LEDprofessional: Whatadvicewould yougivetoyoungprofessionalsenteringthelightingindustrytoday?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Oneword:Disrupt. Thisiswhatyoungprofessionalsarefor inthis,andanyotherindustry.

LEDprofessional: Fromapersonal perspective,whatexcitesyoumost aboutthedirectionthelightingindustryisheadingin?

AlfonsoD’Andretta: Thetremendous potentialoflight,inallitsshapes. ■

Foradditionalinformation,pleasevisit www.performanceinlighting.com

PerformanceiNLightingproject:ARENADIVERONA-EUROPEANVOLLEYCHAMPIONSHIP2023Verona-Italy.

PioneeringProgress:Würth Elektronik’sHighlightsand InnovationsUnveiledatelectronica

LEDProfessionalEditors

Atthisyear’selectronicatradeshow, WürthElektronik [1] leftanindelible markwithitscomprehensiveshowcaseofcutting-edgetechnologiesand innovativesolutions.Thecompany’s 400m²boothservedasahubforlive demonstrations,knowledgesharing, andcollaborativeengagement.Highlightsincludedtheunveilingofthe REDEXPERTdigitaldesignplatform andthenewMyWEcustomerplatform, bothprovidinginvaluableresources fordevelopersandengineers.Visitors wereofferedfreelabsamplestotest WürthElektronik’scomponentsintheir owndevelopmentlabs,demonstrating thecompany’scommitmenttohandsoncollaboration.Partnershipswith industryleaderssuchasAnalogDevices,Infineon,andTexasInstruments furtherunderscoredWürthElektronik’s roleinadvancingreferencedesigns andindustrystandards.

Theboothalsofeaturedanimpressive arrayofproductinnovations,ranging fromadvancedinductorsandpower modulestoopticalsensorsandradio modules.TheintroductionoftheWLICLEDseries,anewlineofRGBLEDs withintegratedcontrollers,showcased WürthElektronik’sexpertiseindisplay technologyandlightingsolutions.Additionally,thecompany’scontribution tosustainabilitythroughinnovative microalgaecultivationsystemsand itsLightingDevelopmentKit2.0highlighteditscommitmenttoaddressing globalchallengeswithtechnology. Thispost-showreportexploresthese groundbreakingdevelopments,reflectingWürthElektronik’smissionto createimpactfulsolutionsandredefine industrystandards.

Introduction

Theglobalplayer’sstrongserviceorientationwasclearlyapparentinmanyaspects ofitstradeshowpresence.Tradevisitors wereabletoexperiencelivedemonstrationsoftheREDEXPERTdigitaldesign platformandthenewMyWEcustomer platformatthe400m²booth.Developerswhowerelookingtousecomponents fortheirownprojectscouldorderfreelab samplesatthetradeshowboothandtest themintheirdevelopmentlabthenextday. CollaborationwithICmanufacturers,which wascrucialfordevelopingreferencedesigns,wasalsofeaturedatthetradeshow. Partnerspresentattheboothincluded AnalogDevices,Infineon,Microchip,Onsemi,STMicroelectronics,andTexasInstruments.

AlexanderGerfer,CTOatWürthElektronikeiSos. WürthElektronikalsocontributedvaluableknowledgesharingwithitspracticeorientedreferenceguides.Alongsidethe brand-new“ABCofShielding”,anexpandedandrevisedversionofthe“Trilogy ofConnectors”waspresentedatelectronica.Thoseinterestedinpowersupply

designfoundvaluableinsightsandtipsfor practicalimplementationinthenewlypublished“DC/DCConverterHandbook”.

“Thosewhoknowusareawarethatwe’re somuchmorethanjustacomponent manufacturer,”mentionedAlexanderGerfer,CTOatWürthElektronikeiSos.“What drivesourcompany’ssuccessisourhighquality,durableproducts,ofcourse.But,of equalimportancetousareservices,such asknowledgetransferandtargeteddevelopmentsupport,forexamplethrough pre-compliancemeasurement.Creating Togetherisourmission,especiallyatthis importantindustryevent.”

“Whatdrivesourcompany’s successisourhigh-quality, durableproducts,ofcourse. But,ofequalimportancetous areservices,suchasknowledgetransferandtargeted developmentsupport,forexamplethroughpre-compliance measurement.CreatingTogetherisourmission,especiallyatthisimportantindustry event.”

ALEXANDERGERFER

“’Morethanyouexpect’isalsothereto befoundinourcomprehensiveproduct range,whetherfromstockasstandard,or ascustomcomponents,”Gerferaffirmed. “WürthElektronikofferseverythingfroma singlesource:productsfromthefieldsof passivecomponents,electromechanics,

AlexanderGerfer(left),CTOatWürthElektronikeiSos,andhisteamattheirelectronicaboothinMunich.

optoelectronics,powermodules,digital isolators,thermalmanagement,aswell aswirelessconnectivity&sensorsand componentsfortheautomotivesector.We offermoreofeverything:morepartnership, moresolutions,moreserviceandmore possibilities.”

AwealthofproducthighlightswasexhibitedattheWürthElektronikbooth:

• SinglePairEthernetPoweroverData Line:referencedesignanddemoboard

• WE-MXGISMTpowerinductors:Further designsforthisnewseriesofinductors wereunveiledatthetradeshow.They aremadeofaninnovativemetalalloy withextremelylowRDCandAClosses. Thecompact,magneticallyshielded designisoptimizedforhighswitching frequenciesinexcessof1MHzand isideallysuitedasaDC/DCconverter forhigh-currentsuppliesandfieldprogrammablegatearrays.

• Transformersforbatterymanagement systemsaswellasACandDCcharging stations:ideallysuitedforapplications suchaswallboxesandenergystorage systems

• High-currentandhigh-temperatureinductors:withanoperatingtemperature

ofupto150°Candwithoutthermalagingeffects,forexample,forDCconvertersinpowersupplies

• MagI³C-VDMMtypepowermodules: withawideinputvoltagerangeof3.5-60 Vfor48-Vindustrialbusapplications

• WE-TORPFCPFCchokes:forcharging stationsorsolarpowersysteminverters

• WL-OSEN:anewopticalsensorwitha typicaldetectiondistanceof1mmfor opticalswitchesortouchapplications

• Radiomodules&sensors:FeatherWing developmentboards

• Anotherfocusisoncrystalsandoscillators,suchastheICPT-1rubidium oscillator,asIQDFrequencyProductsis onceagainaco-exhibitorthisyear.

• High-currentcontactsforautomotive applicationsandREDCUBEfordirect currentmotors

• NewCOAXconnectors

• Customsolutions:forconnectors,inductors,transformers,crystalsandoscillators,ferritesandinductors,thermal management,capacitors,orautomotivequalifiedcomponents.

ComponentsfromWürthElektronikare usuallyavailablestraightfromstock,even inlargerquantities.

WL-ICLED,aNew SeriesofRGBLEDs withIntegrated Controller

WürthElektroniknowoffersWL-ICLED [2], anewseriesofRGBLEDswithintegrated controller(IC).Thecomponents,controllableaspixels,combineared,greenand blueLEDwithaprogrammablecontroller IC.TheintelligentLEDs,availableinsixdesigns,areindividuallycontrollableintheir pixelcolorandbrightnesslevelsfrom0to 100percent.

Over16milliondifferentcolorandbrightnesslevelscanbesetwiththenewRGB LEDs.Theyarecompatiblewithopen sourcelibrariessuchasFastLED.Asfewer components(suchasseriesresistors)are required,displaysolutionswithintelligent LEDsarenotonlyquickertoimplement, theyaremorecompactthansolutionswith separateLEDs.Applicationsforthecomponentsincludesignalcontrolsystems, full-colormatrixdisplays,audioandgaming systems,indoorlightinganddisplayson e-mobilitychargingstations.Thefollowing designsarenowavailable:1616ChipLED compact,2020ChipLEDcompact,3210

ChipLEDSideView,2121PLCC6withbypass,5050PLCC4and5050PLCC6.

Moistureprotection

Incontrasttocomparablesolutionsalready onthemarket,WürthElektronik’sintelligent LEDswithanMSL3moisturesensitivity level(ratherthanMSL5orMSL5acommonlyfound)arelessmoisturesensitive duringassembly.Someofthecomponents complywithprotectionclassIPx7,sothey canevenbesubmergedforashorttime withoutdamage.Anotherqualityfeatureof theLEDchipsetsistheirgoldcoatingon the‘ChipLED’modelsandsilvercoating forPLCCmodels,whichleadstobetter solderability.Availablein8-bitand12-bit versions,theintelligentLEDsoffermore optionsforPWMresolution.

Family-WL-ICLED.

Standardizedqualification

Photobiologicaltestreportsinaccordance withEN62471:2008andIEC62471:2006 areavailableforallmodelsintheproduct group.Thismayberelevantiftheintelligent LEDsareusedintoys.WürthElektronik doesnottargettheautomotivemarketwith thenewproduct–butthetestsandqualificationswerecarriedoutinaccordance withAECQ102-003inordertoprovide customerswithobjectivelycomparable specifications.

TheLEDswithintegratedcontrollerscan nowbeorderedfromstockwithoutaminimumorderquantity.Developerscanreceivefreesamples.

DisplayTechnologies

Attheelectronicatradeshow,WürthElektronikshowcasedawiderangeofinnovativedevelopmentsindisplaytechnology, emphasizingadvancementsinMini-LED, µLED,andICLEDtechnologies.

Mini-LEDDisplays: WürthElektronikpresentedMini-LEDtechnology,knownfor itsexceptionalbrightnessandcoloraccuracy.Byenablingprecisecontrolofindividuallightingzones,thesedisplaysdeliver outstandingimagequalityandenergyefficiency,makingthemidealforapplications

requiringhighcontrastandvibrantcolor representation.

µLEDDisplays: ThecompanyalsohighlightedµLEDtechnology,whichrepresents asignificantmilestoneindisplayinnovation.Featuringextremepixeldensityand individualpixelcontrol,µLEDsprovideimpressiveresolutionsandcolordepthswhile maintaininghighenergyefficiency.These displaysareparticularlysuitedfordemandingfieldssuchasmedicaltechnologyand high-endconsumerelectronics.

ICLEDDisplayswithOpticalSensors: ICLEDdisplayswithintegratedoptical sensorswereanotherfocusofWürthElektronik’sexhibit.Thesedisplaysenablenew functionalitiesbycapturingenvironmental data,suchaslightintensityandgestures. Thisopensupinteractiveandadaptive possibilitiesforapplicationsinsmartlightinganddatavisualization.

ICLEDColorCalculator: Anotablehighlight oftheboothwastheICLEDColorCalculator,atooldesignedtoachieveprecise colorcorrections.BycalculatingPWMvaluesbasedontargetcoordinatesintheCIE 1931colorspace,thistoolensuresaccuratecolorreproduction,savestime,and enhancestheintegrationofICLEDsinto complexapplications.

SuperfoodinaNew Light

Alreadythisyear,attheDigitalLifeDesign (DLD)inMunich,theinternationalconferenceandinnovationplatform,Würth Elektronikannouncedanewcooperation withAgileSolutions:AhighlyefficientLED lightingsystemformicroalgaeproduction whichhasbeendevelopedtogetherwith thesystempartner.Uptoseventimes moreprotein-richthantofu,Spirulinais arealsuperfood,aswellasbeingavery importantrawmaterialforthefoodand pharmaceuticalindustries.Optimalgrowth conditionsareneededforefficientphototrophicalgaeproductioninGermany, andWürthElektronik’scooperationaims toachievethis,aspromotionofnewideas andstart-upsisanimportantpillarofthe globalplayer’ssuccessfulbusinessmodel.

LEDlightingiscrucialforyield: Alexander Gerfer,CTOatWürthElektronikeiSos,and MartinHavers,founderofAgileSolutions, explainedtheconcept:Algaecultivationin Germanytakesplaceinclosedindoorsystemsundercontrolledconditions.Plantoptimizedlightingiscrucialforyield.Agile Solutions–IncooperationwithWürthElektronik–hasdevelopedaspecialLEDcur-

Pilotplantformicroalgaecultivation.

tainusing700mid-powerLEDstoprovide thealgaecultureswiththeideallighting.

“LEDlightingtechnology,ingeneral,and plant-optimizedlighting,inparticular,isnot newterritoryforus,”explainsAlexander Gerfer.“WithourConnectedVerticalFarm prototype,wehavealreadydemonstrated, onasmallscale,howplantsgrowand thriveexcellentlyunderidealLEDlighting. Andunderwater,itworksinaverysimilar way.Thankstoourtargetedsupport,Agile Solutionswasabletosignificantlyshorten thedevelopmenttimeandquicklybring asophisticatedlightingsystemtomarket withintegratedself-diagnosisandoptimizedloaddistribution.”

Microalgaeproductsareexpectedtoseea highmarketgrowthof10.9%onaverage, particularlyinEurope.Germanytakesa leadingrolehere.With16microalgaeproducingcompanies,wearepioneersin Europe.

Daretoknow: AtDLD,renownedexperts discussedthefundamentalquestions, problems,andopportunitiescurrentlyaffectingmarkets,media,cultureandsociety intheirtransformationthroughtheInternetandnewdigitalbusinessmodels.But lifestyle,design,music,andartareother importanttopicsatDigitalLifeDesign,becausetheseareasarewitnessingtrendsettingchangesvisibletoeveryone.This year’sDLDconferencemottowas“Dareto know.”Artificialintelligenceischangingthe world,andispredictedtogrowexponentially.Wherethejourneyisheaded–that’s hardtosaytoday.

“Thesamegoesforeveryinnovativeidea”, AlexanderGerferadds.“That’swhywe specificallysupportstart-upsinturning theirideasintomarketableproducts–even ifsuccessisalongwaydowntheroad. Today,circuitdesignscanbedeveloped muchfasterwithAIsupport.It’simportant, however,thatthecomponentsplannedthis wayarealsoavailableinlargequantities andinconsistentquality.Andthat’swhy we’reexactlytherightpartner,eveninthe AIera.”

LightingDevelopment Kit2.0

Theall-in-oneLightingDevelopmentKit [3] providesaneasysolutiontomixRGBW colorfordifferentlightingsituations,amplifythegrowthofplantswiththehorticulturepanelorevenforindoorillumination basedonHumanCentricLighting(HCL). TheMagI³CMultiColorLEDdrivercan powerallthreePanels.WithfourMagI³C LEDStepDownHighCurrentModules (172946001)asitsheartitispossibleto controltheintensityandcolorofeachof thefourLEDstringsindividuallytomeet theapplicationsneeds.Thecontrollingis doneviaanappforbothiOSandAndroid, whichisdevelopedtocontrolthereference designusingBluetooth®LE.

Theboardcanbeusedforhorticulture, mixingofdifferentwhitecolortemperatures,mixingofRGBWLEDcombinations (red,green,blue,white)orjusttochange theintensityofonetypeofLED.Theboard includesanEMIfilterinordertocomply withthelimitsoftheEN55015conducted lightingstandardandtheCISPR32standardforradiatedEMI(testedwith1moutputcablelength)evenwhiledimmingthe LEDstrings.

LightingDevelopmentKit–Version2.0.

Features

• 4ChannelLEDDriver

• HorticulturePaneltogrowplants(16 LEDs)

• RGBWPanelforlightingsolutions(4 LEDs)

• SunshinePanelforindoorillumination (40LEDs)

• Intensityofeachchannelcanbeadjustedindividually(dimming0–100%)

• DimmingviaBluetooth®LEcontrol (2608011024000)

• App“WEilluminate”toperformdimming

• PWMdimmingmethod–controlledby PIC16F1527microcontroller

• Dimmingprofilesandcolorscanbe stored

• LEDDriver:MagI³CPowerModule172 946001

• ConductedandradiatedEMIcompliant (EN55015&EN55032)

• Goodthermalbehavior

• IntegratedrobustindustrialBluetooth® LEmodulebasedonNordicnRF52832

• TheKitisBluetooth®LE4.2qualified. TheQDIDis90212

Summary

WürthElektronik’spresenceattheelectronicatradeshowdemonstrateditsleadershipintheelectronicsindustrywitha widerangeofinnovationsandcollaborativeinitiatives.Thecompanyhighlighted itscommitmenttoadvancingtechnology withlivedemonstrationsofitsREDEXPERT andMyWEplatforms,alongsidepractical offeringslikefreelabsamples.Partnerships withICmanufacturerssuchasInfineonand AnalogDevicesfurthershowcasedWürth Elektronik’sdedicationtoindustrycollaborationandhigh-qualityreferencedesigns.

Theboothfeaturedkeyproducthighlights, includingtheWL-ICLEDseriesofRGB LEDswithintegratedcontrollers,whichenableprecisecolorandbrightnesscontrol forapplicationssuchasgamingandemobilitydisplays.Displaytechnologieslike Mini-LED,µLED,andICLEDwerealsocentraltotheexhibition,emphasizingWürth Elektronik’sabilitytopushtheboundaries ofresolution,efficiency,andinteractivity. InnovationsliketheICLEDColorCalculator andsolutionsforhigh-powerinductorsand transformerssolidifiedthecompany’sfocus onqualityandfunctionality.

TheLightingDevelopmentKit2.0rounded outtheshowcase,offeringversatilelighting solutionsforapplicationsfromhorticulture tohuman-centricindoorillumination.This comprehensivedisplayreaffirmedWürth Elektronik’sroleasapioneerintheelectronicssector. ■

References

[1] https://www.we-online.com

[2] https://www.we-online.com/en/components/produc ts/WL-ICLED

[3] https://www.we-online.com/en/components/produc ts/LIGHTING_DEVELOPMENT_KIT

AbouttheWürthElektronikeiSos Group: WürthElektronikeiSosGroupisa manufacturerofelectronicandelectromechanicalcomponentsfortheelectronics industryandatechnologycompanythat spearheadspioneeringelectronicsolutions.WürthElektronikeiSosisoneofthe largestEuropeanmanufacturersofpassive componentsandisactivein50countries. ProductionsitesinEurope,AsiaandNorth Americasupplyagrowingnumberofcustomersworldwide.

Formoreinformationvisit: www.we-online.com

LEDProfessionalEditors

AtelectronicainMunich,MartinWittmann, SeniorDirectorGlobalMarketing,and GünterHötzl,SystemSolutionEngineer,showcasedamsOSRAM’slatest advancementsinintelligentlighting andsensingtechnologies,highlighting thecompany’sleadershipininnovation andsustainability.Thesetechnologiesintroducedremarkableimprovementsinenergyefficiency,enabling significantcostsavingsandenhanced performanceforapplicationsinhorticulture,UVdisinfection,andinfrared sensing.

Thefocuswasonsustainablesolutionsfordiverseindustries,including advancedlightingforcontrolledenvironments,efficientandeco-friendly disinfectionsystems,andhighlyprecisesensorsforroboticsandsmart devices.Theshowcasedinnovations emphasizedadaptability,durability, andimprovedenergymanagement, aligningwithmoderndemandsfor smarter,greenertechnologies. TheeventdemonstratedhowamsOSRAM’scutting-edgedevelopmentsare drivingsustainabilitywhileenabling greaterprecisionandperformance acrossindustriessuchasagriculture, healthcare,andsecurity.Thepresentationsreinforcedthecompany’scommitmenttoshapingthefutureofintelligentlightingandsensingsystems.

Breakthroughs

OSCONIQ® P3737–AGame-Changerin HorticulturalLighting

TheOSCONIQ® P37371 fromamsOSRAMhasleftasignificantimpressionin thehorticultureindustryasshowcasedin Munich.Thishigh-powerLEDsolutionis redefininggreenhouseandverticalfarming efficiencybydeliveringcutting-edgeperformancewithunparalleledenergysavings anddurability.

TheOSCONIQ® P3737high-powerLED achievesindustry-leadingwallplugefficiency of83.2%inHyperRed,enablinguniqueoutput levelsandcostsavings.

EnergyEfficiencyandPerformance

TheOSCONIQ® P3737standsoutforits exceptionalwallplugefficiency(WPE)of 83.2%inHyperRed,enablinggrowersto achieveaphotonfluxof6.13µmol/swhile reducingenergyconsumption.Thisefficiencytranslatestotangiblecostsavings— upto11%comparedtopriorLEDgenerations— makingitaneconomicallyandenvironmentallycompellingchoiceforgreenhouse operators.Forinstance,agreenhouse withannualelectricitycostsexceeding €100,000couldsave€11,000yearly,anotablereturnoninvestment.

1https://ams-osram.com/products/leds/color-leds/os ram-osconiq-p-3737-2w-gf-pusra2-25

VersatilityAcrossHorticulturalApplications

Availableinfivetailoredcolors(HyperRed, Red,DeepBlue,FarRed,andHortiWhite), theOSCONIQ® P3737caterstovarious controlled-environmenthorticultureneeds. Itexcelsasatoplight,interlightingsolution, sole-sourcelighting,orinverticalfarmingsetups,providingflexibilityfordiverse growingrequirements.Itsrobustdesign ensureslong-termreliability,maintaining 90%ofitsinitiallightoutputafteranimpressive102,000operatinghours.

DemonstrationsandCollaboration atelectronica

amsOSRAMalsohighlightedtheOSCONIQ® P3737’spracticalapplicationsthrough aninnovative4-channelHorticultureLED Moduledemoboard.ThismoduledemonstratesthesynergybetweentheOSCONIQ® LEDfamilyandadvanceddrivertechnology,offeringgreenhouseoperatorsenhancedlightingcontrolandefficiency.Inventronics’drivers,includingtheir1,800 WmodelswithDALI-2D4icompatibility, furtherexpandthespectrumoflightingsolutionsbyintegratingdigitalinterfacesfor optimizedpowermanagement.

IndustryLeadershipandSustainability

amsOSRAM’spresentationreinforcedits statusasaleaderinhorticulturalLEDinnovation.Byaligningtop-tierperformance withsustainablepractices,theOSCONIQ® P3737exemplifieshowadvancedlightingtechnologycandrivecropproductivity whilereducingoperationalcosts. TheOSCONIQ® P3737hassetanew benchmarkforhorticulturallighting,offeringunmatchedefficiency,versatility,and longevity.Itsdebutdemonstrateditstransformativepotentialforgreenhouseandverticalfarmingapplications,cementingams OSRAM’spositionasapioneerinintelligent lightingsolutions.

OSLON® UV3535–PioneeringUV-C

DisinfectionTechnology

TheunveilingoftheOSLON® UV35352 by amsOSRAMatrecentindustryshowcases hascementeditsstatusasatrailblazerin theUV-Cdisinfectionmarket.Thisstate-ofthe-artUV-CLEDisagame-changer,deliveringmercury-free,efficientdisinfection withcutting-edgetechnologyanddesign innovations.

ExceptionalPerformanceand GermicidalEfficiency

TheOSLON® UV3535standsoutfor itsimpressiveoutputof115milliwattsat theidealgermicidalwavelengthof265 nanometers.Thiswavelengthisscientificallyrecognizedasofferingthehighestgermicidaleffectiveness,ensuringunparalleled pathogeninactivation.TheLED’sadvanced wallplugefficiencyandrobustdesignallow ittomeetdemandingperformancecriteria whilemaintainingalongoperationallifeand competitiveprice-performanceratio.

2https://ams-osram.com/products/leds/uv-c-leds/os ram-oslon-uv-3535-su-culfp1-vc

MartinWittmannsummarizeditsimpact: “Thisproductsetsanewindustrybenchmarkbyachievingpeakefficiencyatthe mosteffectivewavelengthfordisinfection whilemaintainingexceptionaldurability.”

ThenewOSLON® UV3535,agroundbreakingUV-CLED,servesthegrowingdemandfor mercury-freeandefficientUV-Cdisinfectionand treatmentsolutions.

InnovativeDesignforDiverseApplications

Engineeredwithversatilityinmind,the OSLON® UV3535featuresacompact 3.5mmx3.5mmfootprintanda120° emissionangle,supportingarangeofdisinfectionsolutions.TheLEDleveragesadvancedAlGaN-basedflip-chiptechnology withinanopenceramicpackage.Thisconfiguration,combinedwithahighlyreflective frame,enhanceslightoutputandensures forward-directedradiation.

Thedevice’sinstant-onfunctionalityand flexibledesignmakeitidealforair,surface, andwaterdisinfection.Itspoint-source featurereducesphotonlossandmaximizes efficiency,particularlyinapplicationslike UV-CLEDreactorsforwatertreatmentor airpurificationdevices.

DrivingInnovationintheUV-C Market

TheOSLON® UV3535representsasignificantleapforwardinUV-CLEDtechnology, offeringuniqueadvantagesovertraditional mercury-baseddisinfectionsystems.Key benefitsinclude:

• Eco-FriendlyandSafe:Mercury-free technologyalignswithglobalsustainabilitygoals

• Durability:Extendedlifetimeandreliabilityindemandingenvironments

• InstantControl:On/offcapabilitiesfor responsive,on-demanddisinfection

• CompactDesign:Enablessleek,spaceefficientsolutions,thatcannotberealizedwithlamps.

Studies,suchasoneconductedbythe UniversityofLiverpool,haveconfirmed thatUV-CLEDsliketheOSLON® UV3535 achievecomparabledisinfectionperfor-

mancetotraditionalmercurylampswhile requiringsignificantlylessUV-Cradiation, enhancingsystemefficiency.

TheOSLON® UV3535encapsulatesthe futureofUV-Cdisinfection,blendingefficiency,flexibility,andeco-consciousdesign.Byaddressingcriticalneedsacross air,surface,andwatertreatmentapplications,itpositionsamsOSRAMasaleader insustainableandinnovativesolutionsfora rapidlyevolvingmarket.

TMF8806–Redefining PrecisioninTime-of-Flight Sensing

amsOSRAM’sTMF88063,thelatestadditiontoitsdirectTime-of-Flight(dToF) sensorlineup,hasgarneredwidespread acclaimforitstransformativepotentialin roboticsandsmartdeviceapplications. Designedforapplicationsincludingobstacledetectionandcollisionavoidance, thisnext-generationsingle-zonesensor combinesprecision,versatility,andenergy efficiencyinanimpressivelycompactmodule.

UnmatchedPerformanceandVersatility

BuildingonthesuccessofamsOSRAM’s dToFtechnology—alreadydeployedinover 50flagshipsmartphonesandnumerous autonomoussystems—theTMF8806elevatessensingcapabilitieswithanextended detectionrangeof1cmto5m.Itsadaptabilitymakesitidealforhomeappliances, mobilerobotics,smartcameras,security systems,andmore.

Ultra-low-powerinnovations,enhancedprecision,andextendedversatility:amsOSRAM unveilstheTMF8806directTime-of-Flight(dToF) sensormodule.

GünterHötzlpraisedthesensor’scapabilities:“Thiscompactyetpowerfulsensor redefinesprecisionandperformance,offeringunmatchedaccuracyfordiverse applications.”

Keyfeaturesinclude:

• EnhancedDetectionRange:Standard modeoperatesupto2.5m,whilelongrangemodereaches5m

• EnergyEfficiency:Ultra-low-powerdesign,consumingjust0.26µAinshutdownmode

• WideCompatibility:SupportsI/Osrangingfrom1.2Vto3.3V,makingitsuitableforvarioushardwareconfigurations

• CompactFormFactor:Atonly3.6x2.2 x1.0mm,itintegratesseamlesslyinto space-constraineddevices

PrecisioninEveryEnvironment

TheTMF8806usesdToFtechnologyto capturedistancemeasurementsbytiming ultra-shortlightpulses,ensuringrapid,accuratedatawithminimalinterferencefrom environmentalreflections.Its24°Fieldof View(FoV)andwideoperatingtemperature range(-40°Cto85°C)makeitareliable choiceforchallengingconditions.The sensor’sadvancedstatisticalprocessing eliminatesinaccuracies,guaranteeingconsistentlyhighprecisionacrossapplications.

Developer-FriendlyDesign

amsOSRAMhasprioritizedeaseofuse, offeringasuiteoftoolstosimplifydevelopmentandintegration.Keyresources include:

• HardwareSupport:TheTMF8806ShieldBoard,Arduino® UnoR3platform,andbreakawaysensorboardfacilitatefastprototypingandtesting

• Plug-and-PlayFunctionality:Pre-installed firmwareensuresinstantoperationwithoutadditionaldownloads

• UniversalGUIandPythonScripts:These toolssupportlogging,calibration,and visualization,streamliningthedevelopmentprocess

• Open-SourceResources:amsOSRAM’s GitHubrepositoryprovidesdriversand softwareexamplestokickstartprojects

InnovationinCollisionAvoidance andAutomation

TheTMF8806sensor’spreciseandefficient designisagame-changerforroboticsand smartdevices,enablingadvancedfeatures likeautofocus,virtualbarriers,andinventorymanagement.Itsflexibilityinadjusting todifferentopticalstacksandglassthicknessesfurtherenhancescustomizationfor specificapplications.

tems,amsOSRAMhaspositioneditselfas aleaderinintelligentsensingtechnology, pavingthewayforsmarterandmoreefficientdevicesacrossindustries.

IR:6–Next-Generation InfraredLEDTechnology

amsOSRAM’slaunchoftheIR:6infrared LEDchiptechnology4 hasredefinedthe standardforbrightnessandefficiencyininfraredlighting.Witharemarkableincrease ofupto35%inbrightnessand42%in efficiencycomparedtopreviousmodels, theIR:6technologyhascapturedattentionacrossvariousindustries,fromsecurity systemstomedicaldevices.

IRLEDproductversionsbasedonthenewIR:6 technologytoboostperformanceinsecurityand biometricsapplications.

UnparalleledPerformanceand Versatility

TheIR:6thin-filmchiptechnologyenables superiorperformanceacrossdiverseapplications.Formanufacturersofsecurity cameras,biometricauthenticationsystems, andsmartdoorbells,theenhancedbrightnessandefficiencytranslatetoimproved imagequalityandfaster,moreaccurate recognitionofbiometricmarkers.These advancementsalsoresultinlowerpower consumptionandextendedbatterylife, aligningwithsustainabilitygoals.

Inmedicalapplicationssuchaslighttherapyfortissuedamagetreatment,theincreasedopticalpoweroftheIR:6allows manufacturerstousefewerLEDswhile achievingthesametherapeuticeffects. Thissavesspaceandreducesoverall costs,makingthetechnologyparticularly attractiveincost-sensitiveandcompact designs.

NewProductsLeveragingIR:6 Technology

3https://ams-osram.com/products/sensor-solutions /direct-time-of-flight-sensors-dtof/ams-tmf8806-1d-tim e-of-flight-sensor

TheTMF8806setsanewbenchmarkfor single-zonedToFsensors,combiningexceptionalperformance,low-poweroperation,anddeveloper-friendlytoolsinacompactpackage.Byaddressingtheneeds ofmodernroboticsandautomationsys-

ThefirstproductstofeaturetheIR:6chip includetheOSLON® P1616seriesandthe OSLON® Blackfamily,offeringarangeof optionstailoredtospecificneeds:

4https://ams-osram.com/news/press-releases/am s-osram-introduces-ir-led-product-versions-based-o n-the-new-ir-6-technology

• OSLON® P1616Series: – Compact1.6mmx1.6mmpackage – Radiantfluxupto1650mWwithvariouswavelengthandviewingangle options

– Idealforspace-constrainedapplicationsinsecurityandbiometrics

• OSLON® BlackFamily:

– Featuresarectangularfieldofillumination,perfectforIRcameras

– Wavelengthsof850nmand940nm fordiverseusecases

– Radiantfluxupto980mWwithoptionsforvaryingviewingangles,enhancingdesignflexibility

AdvancedTechnologyandDesign Improvements

TheIR:6chipincorporatesinnovativematerialandstructuralimprovementsthat deliversuperiorperformance:

• HigherChipEfficiency:Enhancedintrinsicefficiencyimprovesoverallbrightness

• CentralBondPad:Optimizescurrent spreadingandreducesforwardvoltage

• ImprovedSurfaceRoughening:Increasesdecouplingefficiencyandbrightness

• NewWavelengthOptions:Addsa920 nmwavelength,offeringabettersignalto-noiseratioandreducedvisiblered glowcomparedtotraditional850nmor 940nmwavelengths

Theseadvancementscatertoapplications requiringprecisionandpower,including autonomousdevices,inventorysystems, andlighttherapyequipment.

QualityandReliability

ManufacturedinRegensburg,Germany, theIR:6chipbenefitsfromafullycontrolled supplychain,ensuringconsistentquality andhigh-volumeavailability.Thisend-toendcontrolreinforcescustomerconfidence inthereliabilityandperformanceofams OSRAMproducts.

IndustryImpact

MartinWittmannhighlightedthetransformativeimpactofIR:6:“Thenew,improved IR:6technologyfromamsOSRAMissettingonceagainanindustrybenchmarkin themarketsegmentforboth,brightness andefficiency.Customersthatreplace theirexistingIRLEDswithnewIR:6-based LEDscaninstantlyachievebetterperformanceintheirapplicationwithlowerpower consumption.”

TheIR:6infraredLEDtechnologyrepresentsasignificantleapforwardininfrared sensingandillumination.Itscombination ofbrightness,efficiency,andversatility positionsitasacriticalenablerfornext-

generationdevicesacrossarangeofindustries.Withitsrobustproductofferings andcustomer-centricdesign,amsOSRAM continuestoleadininnovativesolutionsfor abrighter,moreefficientfuture.

EVIYOS® Shape

Inthisfield,amsOSRAMpresentedanew, intelligentprojectatelectronica2024: EVIYOS® Shape,aproductbasedon EVIYOS® technology,isnowbeingused forthefirsttimeinapplicationsoutsidethe automotivesector.

TheEVIYOS® Shape,developedbyamsOSRAM,isadisruptiveLEDtechnologyfeaturinga monolithicchipwith25,600micro-LEDs,each controllablewitha40µmpixelpitch.

EVIYOS® Shapeisacutting-edge,µLEDbasedlightsourcedesignedforarchitainment,entertainmentandmachinevision applications,aswellasforurbanprojection scenarioscreatingnewvisionsforsmart cities.Asafirstjointcustomerproject,the amsOSRAMpartnerELEPNshowcased thebrand-newMLP300atthe25th China InternationalOptoelectronicExposition (CIOE).Thismicro-LEDsmartprojector wasdevelopedbyELEPN,aproviderof microprojectionmodules,andwillalso beenrichedwiththegroundbreakingLED innovationEVIYOS® ShapefromamsOSRAM.

“EVIYOS® Shapeensuresprecisecontrol andreal-timeadaptability,makingitperfect fortransformingurbanenvironmentswith customizablelightscenarios”,saidGünter Hötzl.

TheLEDwaslaunchedonthemarketat thebeginningof2025.

microLEDs

amsOSRAMhasrefocuseditsdevelopmentactivitiesinthemicroLEDsector, prioritizingprojectiontechnologies,particularlyforautomotiveapplications.While otherapplicationareasmaybecomeviable inthefuture,theseareconsideredoptional possibilities,asleadingmarketresearch firmslikeTrendForcealsosuggest.

Summary

AtelectronicainMunich,amsOSRAM demonstrateditscontinuedleadershipin intelligentlightingandsensingtechnologiesthroughgroundbreakingadvancementsacrossvariousfields.Presentations highlightedenergy-efficientsolutionsfor horticulturalapplications,eco-friendlyinnovationsforUVdisinfection,andhighperformanceinfraredandtime-of-flight sensingtechnologies.Thesedevelopments showcasedsignificantimprovementsin energysavings,operationalefficiency,and precision,addressingtheevolvingneedsof industriessuchasagriculture,healthcare, robotics,andsecurity.

amsOSRAM’sfocusonsustainabilityand adaptabilitywasevidentinitsversatile productapplications,fromgreenhouse lightingtoautonomoussystemsandmedicaldevices.Theeventreinforcedthecompany’scommitmenttodrivingtechnological progresswhilemeetingglobalsustainability goals.Byintegratingcutting-edgetechnologywithpracticalindustrysolutions,ams OSRAMisshapingasmarterandmore sustainablefutureacrossdiversemarkets. Theshowcasedinnovationsatelectronica underscoredthecompany’spivotalrolein transformingmodernlightingandsensing systems. ■ Formoreinformationvisitthefollowing websites: ams-osram.com

OptimizingLightingEnergy

Efficiency(PartII)–Consideration ofBehavioralAspectsinLighting Systems

Dipl.-Ing.JohannesWENINGER1,3,TeamLeaderResearchat Bartenbach,andDr.techn.SaschaHAMMES2,M.Sc.,Researcher atUniversityofInnsbruck

Insufficientinformationaboutuserrelatedparameterswithinthebuildingdesignphaseiscurrentlybridged byemployingempiricallyprovenand standardizedoccupantmodels,which areformulatedasgenerallyaspossible toachieveahighdegreeofapplicability.However,suchgeneralizedmodels cannotadequatelyreflectindividual anddynamicoccupanciesorthediversehumaninteractionswithbuilding systems.Thisoftenresultsinenergyinefficientoperationoflightingsystemsandisreflectedinperformance gapsbetweenplanningandoperation. Astheuser-relatedinfluencesonlybecomeapparentaftercommissioning, appropriateconceptsarerequiredto improveenergyefficiency.

Whilethefirstpartfocusedonidentifying thefactorsinfluencingenergyconsumption,thesecondpartofthisseriespresents strategiesthatconsidertheidentifieduserrelatedinfluencingfactorsinlightingcontrol toimproveenergyefficiency.Theconceptspresentedarebasedonlong-term datacollectionfromanopen-planofficeat BartenbachGmbH,whichisoperatedas aLivingLabsince2019.Theresultsshow thatsignificantimprovementscansubsequentlybeachievedthroughgreaterusercentricity.However,user-centeredness startswiththelightingconcept.

Introduction

“OptimizingLightingEnergyEfficiency” (PartI)waspublishedinissueLpR#106, Nov/Dec2024.

1 BartenbachGmbH,Lindenstraße1, 6112Wattens/Tirol,Austria

2 UniversityofInnsbruck,UnitofEnergy EfficientBuilding,6020Innsbruck/Tirol, Austria

3 Johannes.Weninger@bartenbach.com

Theinfluenceofoccupancybehavioron energydemandinbuildingsiswellknown [1] andwashighlightedinthefirstpartof thisarticle [2].Itwasalsoemphasizedthat stronguser-relateddynamicscanoccur inbuildings,e.g.,regardingoccupancy behaviorattheworkplaceandtheinteractionofoccupantswithbuildingsystems. Thesearetheresultofcontextualfactors suchaswidelyvaryingworkprocesses, employmentlevels,degreesoffreedomin thesocialstructure,ageandgender [3].In addition,theseinfluencesprovetobevariableovertimeinmostcases.Astudyfrom 2014,forexample,analyzed23months ofoccupancysensordatafromalargeofficebuildingtoestablishoccupancydiversityfactorsandinvestigatetheirinfluence onenergysimulationmodels.Theresults showthatoccupancydiversityfactorsvary significantlywithdaysoftheweekandsea-

sons [4].Furthermore,itcanbeassumed thatoccupancybehaviorvariesconsiderablybetweenorganizations.

Asuserbehavioronlyemergesaftercommissioning,itisgenerallydifficulttoadequatelypredictoccupancyintheplanning phase.Toovercomeuncertaintiesinthis respectwhenplanninglightingsystems andassociatedcontrolsystems,assumptionsaboutoccupancybehaviorareusually madethatareasgenerallyvalidaspossible toachieveahighlevelofapplicability.This includes,forexample,thenormativeworkplacelightingof500lxinaccordancewith EN12464-1.Designconceptsforlighting controlsystemsthatarebasedsolelyon thesegenerallyapplicablespecifications usuallyconsiderneithertheindividuallightingpreferencesoftheindividualusersnor theoccupancypatternsattheworkplace. Thiscanhaveanegativeimpactonboth comfortandenergyrequirements [5,6] and isusuallyexpressedinunwanteduserinterventionsintheplannedcontrolsystem, particularlybyoverridingintendedcontrol curvesinautomatedsystems [7,8].The resultingnegativeeffectscanbeparticularlypronouncedinapplicationswithdiffuseareasofresponsibility,forexamplein open-planofficeswithroom-basedlighting concepts [9].Itisthereforehardlysurprisingthatmostofthecurrentlyavailable buildingmanagementsystemsarehardly suitableforuser-orientatedrequirements. Itthereforerequiresuser-centeredlighting systemsandconceptsthathavetheability toadequatelyconsiderrealpresencepatterns,asthedegreetowhichuser-related

parametersareaccountedforsignificantly determineswhetherkeyperformanceindicators(KPIs)forlightingareachievedor not.

Inthecontextoflightingcontrol,anextensiveonlinemarketsurveyonthetopicsof BIMandlightingcontrolswasconducted inthesummerof2023withparticipants fromthemanufacturingindustry,contractors,(lighting)design,researchand development,buildingownersandfacilitymanagement(see [10]).Atotalof165 usableresponseswerereceived(272in total,133complete).Basedonthecommunicationchannelsused,thefocuswas onparticipantsfromEurope(87.8%).The respondents’assessmentreflectsthecurrentsituationwell,namelythataspects ofuser-centerednessarecurrentlyonly barelyreflectedinavailablebuildingsystems(Figure 1).Theparticipantgroupsof buildingownersandcontractorsdidnot provideenoughfeedbackforanevaluation.

Mostsurveyparticipantsnamedzonalsystemsasthemostfrequentlyusedsolution inthecontextofuser-centeredlighting, i.e.,thedivisionofthelightingsysteminto separatelycontrollablesections,which representsafirststepawayfromroomcenteredlightingconcepts(Figure 2).The positiveeffectsofzonedworkplacelighting onenergyconsumptionwerealsohighlightedin2020inastudycarriedoutinthe LivingLab [11,12].Itwasshownthatthe higherthedegreeofzoning,thelowerthe energyrequirement,asenergyisonlyconsumedwhereitisneeded(Figure 3).More importantly,however,zoninghasapositive effectonvisualcomfortandsystemacceptance,asindividuallightingpreferencescan bebetterreflected.Atthesametime,the riskofconflictsbetweendifferentlighting preferencesisreduced [9].Zonedlighting systemsthereforeprovetobepromising forenergyefficiencyandcomfort,especiallysincetheyareeasytoimplementin theplanningphase.

Thesecondmostfrequentlychosenoptioninthesurveywasmanualoverride (Figure 2).Evenifautomatedsystemsare moreenergy-efficientthanmanuallightingcontrolsystems [13,14],theoption ofmanualoverrideisalwaysbeneficialto maintainuseracceptanceofthesystem [15].However,itmustbenotedthatthis simultaneouslyenablespotentiallynegativeenergeticeffects,whichareprimarily causedbyaninadequatepredefinitionof automationmechanisms,asusersincreasinglyinterveneinthesystemcontroland thuscounteractoverarchingcontrolobjectives.

Figure1: Marketsurveyresponsestothequestionofhowwelluseraspectsarecurrentlyconsideredin buildingsystems(typeofquestion:Likertscale)-Imageadaptedfrom[10].

Figure2: Answersfromthemarketsurveyfortheplanningfocusgrouptothequestionofwhich user-centeredconceptsarecurrentlybeingimplemented(typeofquestion:multiplechoice,relevancein% oftotalnumberofvalidresponses)-Imageadaptedfrom[10].

Figure3: Comparisonofthecumulativeenergydemandandtheartificiallightingoperatingtimesfor differentlightingzonesoverthecourseoftheday(studyperiodSep.2020toNov.2020,studyobject: open-planofficeoftheBartenbachR&DbuildinginAldrans,Austria)-Imageadaptedfrom[12].

Presence-basedlightingcontrolisemphasizedasthethirdmostfrequentlychosen option(Figure 2).Thispromisesenergy savingsofaround30%comparedtomanualcontrol [16,17].Whilecamera-based systemsonlyrevealtheiraddedvaluein applicationsthatgobeyondsimplepresencedetection,passiveinfraredsensors arethepreferredsolutionforpresence control,particularlyduetotheirsimpleinstallationandlowcosts [18].However,this detectiontechnologyisassociatedwith switch-offtimestoavoiddisruptivefalse-off ratesduetoincorrectabsencedetections duringinactivestationaryactivities.There arealsogeneralizedspecificationsforthe switch-offtimetoensureahighlevelofapplicability.Forexample,therecommended industrystandardforpassiveinfraredsensorsisintherangeof10to20minutes dependingontheroomtype [19].Since individualoccupancypatternsaregenerally nottakenintoaccount,thereisstillconsiderablepotentialforfurthersavings,asthis articlewillshowlater.

Finally,thesurveyidentifiedthecollection ofindividualenvironmentalparametersat theworkplaceasafrequentlyusedusercenteredmeasure(Figure 2).However, toassesstheactualsituation,energyand indoorclimatedataarecurrentlyprimarilycollectedandmadeavailabletofacility managementasarepresentativeinstance inbuildingoperations(Figure 4).At6%, occupancyisbarelyused [10],althoughit isacrucialinformationtoderivemeasures toimprovebuildingoperation.Thesubsequentapplicationofevaluationroutines aftercommissioningtoachieveimprovementsinenergyefficiencyandcomfortis thereforecurrentlysignificantlylimitedby thelackofbothreal-timeandhistorical data.

Descriptionofthe LivingLab

TheBartenbachR&DbuildinginAldrans hasbeenoperatingasaLivingLabsince 2019.Theimplementedworkflowenables gatheringrelevantoperationaldata,identify improvementmeasures,implementthem throughadynamicallyexpandablecontrol system,andevaluatetheireffectiveness. Monitoringthesuccessofimplemented systemsisacrucialstepthatisoftenoverlookedinpractice.However,itcanuncover significantpotentialforfurtherimprovement.

Torecordtherealsituation,theopen-plan office(160m²)wasequippedwithseveral sensors(Figure 5).Presenceisdetected bothatindividualworkstationlevelandat

thelevelofalightingzoneusingpassive infraredsensors.Toensurethebestpossibleutilizationofpresenceinformation,the detectionrangeofthesensorswaslimitedtotherespectivetargetarea.Thisnot onlyallowsenergy-efficientcontrolofthe artificiallightdependingonpresence,but alsothederivationofworkplace-related occupancyprofiles.Toutilizethebenefits ofzoning,theopen-planofficedesigned asaLivingLabisdividedintonineseparatelycontrollablezones(Figure 6),which canaccommodate18peopleregularly(2 peopleperzone)and28peoplemaximum.

Thefiveworkstationzonesonthesouth façadearedesignedforamaximumoffour workstationseach(Figure 6).Theartificiallightinganddaylightsystemcanbe controlledindividuallyforeachworkstation zone.

Recordingtheilluminanceperworkplace zonecannotonlybeusedtoregulatethe individuallightingzonetothetargetilluminance(e.g.,500lx)andevaluatethe daylightinputinordertoincreaseenergy efficiency,butcanalsobeoffsetagainst theoccupancyattheworkplaceincombi-

Figure4: Answersfromthemarketsurveyforthefacilitymanagementfocusgrouptothequestionofwhat dataisavailable(typeofquestion:multiplechoice,relevancein%oftotalnumberofvalidresponses)Imageadaptedfrom[10].

Overviewofthepositioningoflighting-relevantsensorsinthebuildingsection.

FloorplanoftheBartenbachLivingLabwithnineseparatelycontrollablelightingzones.

Figure5:

Figure6:

nationwiththedimmingleveloftheartificiallightortheenergyrequirementofthe artificiallightinordertogenerateenergyweightedoccupancyprofiles.Whenevaluatingzoneswithseveralpeople,the logical-orlinkedoccupancyprofileisused.

Furthermore,theenergyconsumptionof theactuators,windowopeningsandthe indoorclimateaswellastheoutdoorsituationarecomprehensivelyrecordedand storedinthestudyobject.Allrecorded valuesareeitherloggedatminutelevel orforstatuschanges.Aprogrammable logiccontrollerservesbothasthecentral buildingcontrolsystemandforlogging thesensordataandactuatorstatuses.All user-relatedinformationisprocessedin compliancewithdataprotectionregulations.

Ashighlightedatthebeginning,occupancy behaviorisshapedbysocio-culturalfactorsandworkprocesses.Theworkofthe employeesintheLivingLabcorresponds tothatofaprojectmanager,whichalso meansmoremeetings.Thereisalsothe possibilityofflexibleworkinghoursbetween6:00and20:00withcoreworking hoursinthebuildingfromMondaytoFriday from9:00to12:00,aswellashomeoffice.

Furtherdetailsonthestudyobjectcanbe foundinthepreviousarticleofthistwo-part series [2]

StrategiesforReducing EnergyConsumption

Thepositiveeffectofzoningthelighting systemonenergyrequirementsanduser satisfactionwasemphasizedatthebeginningofthisarticle(seealso [11]).In addition,thezoningoflightingrepresentsa keystartingpointforfurtherimprovement measures,whichessentiallyaimtocollect individualoccupancyprofilesandmake themapplicableincontrolsystemstoincreaseenergyefficiency.Someofthem havebeensystematicallyanalyzedinthe LivingLabinrecentyearsandevaluated withregardtotheireffectiveness.

AdaptationoftheSwitch-off TimetoRealOccupancy Patterns

Duetotheorganizationalframeworkconditionssuchasflextimeregulationsand homeofficeaswellasthedailyworkroutineoftheemployeesinthestudyobject,whichischaracterizedbymeetings, astrongdynamiccanberecordedvia

theattendanceatindividualworkstations recordedbythepassiveinfraredsensors (Figure 5).Theindividualityofthebehaviorpatternscanbeclearlyillustratedbya directcomparisonoftheindividualzones (Figure 7).Themoreintensetheorange color,thehighertheprobabilityofbeing presentattheworkplace.Darkgrayareas, ontheotherhand,indicatealowprobabilityofbeingpresentornopresenceinthe respectivezone(Figure 7).

In2020,astudy [6] wasconductedthat usedtheseinter-individualdifferencesfor auser-centeredadaptationofthecurrently generalizedswitch-offtimesandevaluated theresultingeffectsintermsofuseracceptanceandenergyefficiency.Inthestudy, therelativefrequenciesoftheperiodsof inactivityforeachworkplacezonewere determinedbasedontherecordedoccu-

pancytimesoftheusersattheworkplace. Basedonthis,thecumulativeprobabilitiesoftheminimumperiodsofabsence werederived(Figure 8).Consideringthe distributionoftheperiodsofinactivity,it waspossibletodeterminethepointintime atwhichapermanentabsenceismore likelythanareturnofthepersontotherespectiveworkplacezone.Byapplyingthis method,theswitch-offtimescouldnotonly beindividuallyadaptedtotherespective behaviorpatternsintheindividualzones, butalsosignificantlyreducedcomparedto theindustrystandardof15minutes(e.g. to4minutesinZone7,see Figure 8).In ordertocreatesmoothtransitionsbetween theartificiallightcircuitsandthusmake switchingofflessdisruptiveforneighboring occupiedlightingzones [20],theindividual switch-offtimeswereinitiateddifferently

Figure7: Occupancydynamicsusingtheexampleofthreezonesfromthestudyobject,withoutswitch-off time,dataperiod:Jan.2022toJul.2024.

Figure8: Cumulativerelativeprobabilityofminimumabsenceduration–Imageadaptedfrom[6].

usingdimmingprocedures,whichwere basedontheunderlyingprobabilities.

Thereducedswitch-offtimesimplemented fortheperiodSep.2020toNov.2020in theLivingLab.Acceptancewasassessed beforeandafterimplementationofthe reducedswitch-offtimesbymeansofa survey.Aconsistentlyhighlevelofsystemacceptancewasdemonstrated.In addition,thehighersensorresolutionof thesensorsattheindividualworkstation provedtobedecisiveforreducingthefalse offrates.Theenergyevaluationforthe periodshowedareductionintheartificial lightingenergyrequirementofapprox.17% from121.6kWhto100.4kWhintheperiodunderreview(Figure 9).Itshouldbe notedthattheenergyrequirementforartificiallightinginthebuildingislimitedtothe

morningandeveninghoursduetothehigh levelofdaylightautonomy.However,these timeperiodsarealsotypicallysubjectto increasedoccupancydynamics.Asaresult,thereisapotentiallyincreasedcall-up oftheswitch-offtimeinthestudybuilding, whichmeansthatthesavingsachieved cannotbegeneralized.

Theadvantageofthemethodused,however,isthatderivedswitch-offtimesare automaticallyadjustedwhenbehavior changes.Astudyconductedin2024 [21] concluded,thatswitch-offtimescanbe subjecttotemporalvariability(Figure 10), bysegmentingtheoccupancytimesatthe workplaceintocontiguoustimeseriesof similaroccupancypatternsovertheHammingdistance(tolerancelevelofonethird). Comparingtheindividualsegments,the

Figure9: Cumulativerelativeprobabilityofminimumabsenceduration–Imageadaptedfrom[6].

Figure10: Exemplaryillustrationforthevariationofswitch-offtimesforthreelightingzonesfromthe open-planoffice,occupancytimessegmentedviaHammingdistanceandderivedusingthemethodology from[6],basedonthemeasurementperiodJan.2022toJul.2024–Imageadaptedfrom[21].

resultsshowedsignificantchangesinthe switch-offtimewithinazone(Wilcoxon signed-ranktest,p<.05).However,since theadjustmentsinthemethodusedwere alwaysmaderetrospectivelyandnotpredictively,thefollow-upstudycompared variousmachinelearning-basedmodelingapproachesthatusehistoricaldata fromtheLivingLabtodeterminerecommendationsforthelengthoftheswitch-off timeforfutureperiods.Theresultsshowed thatMLmethodsmayofferasufficiently highlevelofaccuracyfortheapplication [21].K-NearestNeighborRegressionperformsbestintermsofenergyrequirements andcomputingtime.Onaverage,thecoefficientofdeterminationR²forthebest modelsisintherangeof0.77±0.03.Validationoftheapplicabilitybymeansofan implementationinthecontrolsystemofthe LivingLabiscurrentlystillpending.

Whileuser-centeredcontrolapproaches provetobepromisingforreducingenergy demand,theysimultaneouslypresentchallenges,particularlyinplanningprocesses. Astherelianceonreal-timedecisionsto achievelighting-relatedKPIscannotbe adequatelyreflectedincurrentsimulationassumptions,thiswouldexacerbate theexistingperformancegap.Fromthis perspective,notonlyaregeneralimprovementsintheoperationalenergyefficiency ofsystemsessential,butalsoadvancementsintheirsimulationcapabilities.These areindispensableforeffectivelyandsustainablytransferringenergy-positivepotentialsintopracticalapplicationsinthelong term.

Derivationof Behavior-informed SimulationAssumptions

SincetheindividualzonesoftheLiving Labareusedbyseveralemployeesatthe sametime,theartificiallightingenergyrequirementofeachlightingzoneresults fromalogicalORlinkingoftheoccupancy patternsassignedtothislightingzone. Basedonthehighlightedimportanceof consideringboththeindividualoccupancy patternsandthespatialvariationofdaylight,atime-resolvedartificiallightingenergyprofilecanbecreatedforeachuser combination.Theoretically,userdistributionsintheroomcanbederivedfromthe recordedpresenceprofilesattheindividualworkstationsandtheinformationon theartificiallightingsupplementrequired toachievethetargetilluminance,which resultinminimumormaximumenergyconsumption.Theresultingrangeconstitutes thepotentialerrorrangeofgeneralsimulationassumptions.However,depending

onthenumberofpeople,thiscanquickly becomeacombinatorialproblem,which provestobeNPcompleteandtherefore cannotbecomputedinfinitetime.Forthis reason,preliminarystudieswerecarried outtoimplementsuitablemethodsthat makeitpossibletoderiveuserdistributions intheroomandthussubsequentlyderive apotentialerrorinthepredictedenergy consumtion.Theresultsofthepreliminary studieswerealreadyhighlightedinthefirst partofthisarticleinthedescriptionofthe influenceofoccupancybehavioronenergy demand [2]

Oneofthepreviousstudiesreliedona combinationofHungarianandBlossomalgorithmstoderivesuchanenergy-optimized userdistributionintheroom(seedetails in [22]).Basedonadatacollectionfrom theperiodJul.2021toNov.2021,the resultingspanofapprox.83%fromthe best-casetotheworst-casescenario.The minimumenergyrequirementwasreduced byapproximately30%comparedtothe originaluserdistributionintheroom.Further,theresultsalsoshowed,thattheinfluenceofroompositioningbecomesmuch moresignificantwithbetterusermatching (Figure 11),indicatinganintrinsicconnectionbetweentheefficiencyofindividual userpairingsandtheirspatialdistribution. However,themethodprovestobeunsuitableforderivingtherelevanterrorfrom simulationassumptions,sinceitcanonly deriveminimaandmaxima,whereasthe errorsarisebasedonthedistributionsof thedeviationsofalluserpairings.

Tocorrectthislimitation,anotherstudywas conductedin2024,usinganapproach basedoncreatingsufficientlylargesamplesusingMonteCarlosimulation [23] Over10.24millionrandomizedvariationsof userpairingsweregeneratedusinghighperformancecomputing(HPC)in60,000 corehours,basedonadatasetofoccupancyandlightingdatafromFeb.2022to Jan.2023fromtheLivingLabpresented. Thecalculationwasrealizedviaseveral parallelbatches,whichwereimplemented onatotalof128CPUcoresfromtheVSC5oftheViennaScientificCluster(Austrian NationalSupercomputingCentre).Here, too,userdistributionsintheroomwere identifiedthatestimateasignificantlylower energyrequirementthantheinitialsituation.ForthestudyperiodfromFeb.2022 toJan.2023,thestudy [23] showsthat thebestuserdistributionintermsofenergyinthevariationsgeneratedviaHPC hasanartificiallightenergyrequirementof 182.8kWh.Incomparison,thealgorithm from [22] wouldleadtoanenergydemand of178.3kWh,around2.5%betterthan theHPCvariant.Theinitialdistributionto peopleleadstoanenergyrequirementof 237.32kWh.

Whilebothapproachesarefundamentally well-suitedforderivingimprovederrorestimationsfromcurrentsimulationassumptions,theyarestillsubjecttoasignificant limitationthatrestrictstheirapplicationin real-worldscenarios.Thesemethodsare typicallyonlyapplicableretrospectively,as theyarehighlydataintensive.Thismeans

that,inmostcases,thenecessarydatais notavailableatthetimewhenenergysimulationsareconducted,asuserbehavior canonlybeobservedafteroccupancybegins.Therefore,ameaningfulimprovement ofcurrentsimulationsandareductionin relatederrorsrequiremethodsbasedon modelassumptionsthatutilizewidelyavailabledatasourcesformodeling.

Astudypublishedin2024 [24] introduced apotentiallyeffectivemethodaimedat modelinguserbehavioronanindividual level.TheapproachutilizedSupportVectorRegression(SVR)withaRadialBasis Function(RBF)kernelandreliedsolelyon high-leveldatastreamsderivedfrominformationaboutworkbehavior.Datafrom theLivingLab,collectedbetweenJuly andNovember2021,wereusedformodeling.Theseincludedactualattendance records,time-stampingdata,andplanned absencesextractedfromOutlookcalendars.

Attendancewasprobabilisticallymodeled in10-minuteintervals,thenaveragedon anhourlybasisandcomparedtotheaccuracyofcurrentsimulationassumptions. Theresultsdemonstratedameanabsolute errorof5.01%inpredictions—asignificant improvementoverexistingassumptions, whereerrorsforthesameperiodranged between25%and30%.Thehighestmodelingerroroccurredbetween12:00and 1:00PM,atimeframethatcanbeconsiderednegligibleforenergyanalysesdueto thehighavailabilityofdaylight.

Figure11: Influenceoftheindividualoptimizationstepsontheartificiallightingenergyrequirement,databasis:R&DofficeofBartenbachGmbH,Jul.2021toNov. 2021–Imageadaptedfrom[22].

Discussion

Theresultsclearlydemonstratethatthe useofbehavioralinformationinartificial lightingcontrolsystemscansignificantly improveenergyefficiency.Thisisparticularlyimportantbecausecurrentlimitationsinpredictingtheenergyperformance oflightingsystemsleadtomisconceptionsduringplanningprocesses,which inevitablycontributetosuboptimalimplementations.Sincefacilitymanagementtypicallyhaslimitedopportunitiestointervene incontrolsystemsandoftenlacksadequatedata [10],manualadjustmentsafter commissioningaregenerallytoocost-and resource-intensivetojustifycomparedto potentialenergysavings.Asaresult,suboptimalsystemimplementationsareoften tolerated.Dynamicallyadaptablecontrol systems,therefore,showsignificantpotentialtoovercometheseexistinglimitations.

Additionally,dynamicallyadaptablecontrols,combinedwiththecollectionofdata onuserbehaviorandenergyconsumption,formthebasisforleveragingmany approachescurrentlybeingresearchedin thescientificfield,especiallytheapplicationofmachinelearningalgorithms.The potentialliesnotonlyinimprovingenergy efficiencybutalsoineffectivelyaddressing comfortparameters.However,suchimplementationsrequiresufficientdataquality. Wirelesssensornetworkscanserveasa usefultoolinthiscontext,offeringtheadvantageoflowerinstallationcostsdueto theeliminationofcabling.Theyalsoprovidehighflexibilityinsensorplacement [25,26],which,alongwiththenumberand coveragerangeofsensors,significantly influencesquality [6,27].However,itisimportanttonotethattheenergyrequiredfor theproduction,operation,anddisposalof sensorsmustbeweighedagainstthepotentialenergysavings,andthenecessary numberofsensorsincreaseswithgreater zoning.

Nevertheless,zonedconceptsprovetobe afundamentalrequirementforaddressing existingpotentialsinatargetedmanner. Theresultsofthistwo-partseriessuggest thattheenergybenefitsgenerallyoutweigh therequiredsensordeployment.Moreover, zonedconceptsoftenleadtoincreased acceptanceamongendusers,asindividual comfortrequirementscanbebetteraddressed.However,whilezoningisnotfundamentallyseenasaplanningchallenge,it playsasignificantroleinthedevelopment ofperformancegapsbecausecurrentsimulationassumptionsdonotdifferentiate betweenzones,e.g.allzonesarebased onthesamebehavioralassumptions.Improvingunderstandinginthisarea,along

withusermodelsandtheirimplementationinsimulationprocedures,isthereforea basicrequirementforachievinglong-term energybenefitsinreal-worldapplications.

Limitations

Theresultsofthestudiespresentedshow thatenergyconsumptioncanbesignificantlyreducedbybetterreflectingindividualoccupancybehavior.However,the buildinganalyzedbenefitsfromaboveaveragedaylightautonomy(DA=81.56%, cf. [2]),whichmeansthatartificiallighting isoftennotrequiredduringtheday.Asthe occupancypatterncandiffersignificantly fromorganizationtoorganizationandthe availabilityofdaylightvariesfrombuildingto building,theremaybegreaterfluctuations intermsofenergysavings.Furtherstudies underdifferentorganizationalconditions andforotherbuildingtypesaretherefore necessarytomakegeneralstatements.For example,theartificiallightingenergydemandinthestudyobjectisprimarilylimited tothemorningandeveninghours,which arestronglyinfluencedbyvariableoccupancytimes.Theinfluenceofoccupancy behaviorcouldthereforebeoverestimated, whichcouldonlybeclarifiedbycomparativestudies,whicharecurrentlylacking.

Conclusion

Sincenotallinformationaboutsubsequent buildinguseistypicallyavailableintheearly planningphases,incorrectorinsufficiently preciseplanningassumptionscanleadto inefficientlightingsystemoperationand energyperformancegaps.Monitoringand analyzingoperationaldatathroughpostoccupancyevaluationscanserveasabasisforanalyzingoccupancybehaviorand initiatingappropriatemeasures,suchas themethodspresented,toimproveenergy consumption.Directlyintegratingthese proceduresintocontrolsystemswould helpavoidunnecessarycostsassociated withmanualanalyseswhileensuringthat controlprocessesadapttochangingenvironmentalandusageconditions.Atthe sametime,thecollecteddataisinvaluable forachievingabetterunderstandingofsystemusage.Thetheoreticalusagepatterns derivedfromsuchanalysescouldsignificantlyimprovecurrentsimulationaccuracy overthelongterm,helpingtocloseenergy performancegapssustainably.

However,manyquestionsstillneedtobe answeredfromtoday’sperspective.Future studiesshouldfocusonwhetherthereare seasonaleffectsonoccupancybehavior andhowtheseinfluencetheproposed

algorithms.Furthermore,theimpactof socioculturalandorganization-specific factorsmustbefurtherbrokendownand quantifiedtoenablebetterpredictions. Theincreaseduseofmachinelearningin buildingtechnologyalsorequirescloser investigationinfuturestudiestosimplify time-intensiveanalysesofreal-worlddata andaccountforthetemporaldynamics ofoccupancybehavior.Atthesametime, itisessentialtocriticallyevaluateexisting limitationsinthisfield,particularlyregarding inaccuracies,asthesecouldsignificantly affectuseracceptance.

Whilethefirstpartofthistwo-partarticle seriesfocusedonstudieshighlightingthe currentissuesofuser-relateduncertainties inplanningandtheirimpactonpredicting theenergydemandofartificiallightingsystemsalongwithidentifyingandquantifying keyfactors,thesecondpartaddresses methodsforretrospectivelyimprovingenergyefficiencybyleveragingbehavioral informationatvariouslevels.Suchmeasuresarebecomingincreasinglyimportant inlightofcurrentenergypolicygoalsand thefactthatlightingaccountsforasignificantshareofabuilding’senergydemand. Consequently,thesemethodsshouldcontinuetoreceiveadequateattentioninthe researchanddevelopmentoflightingsystemstocontributepositivelytocurrent societalchallenges. ■

Acknowledgments

Thepresentedstudyresultswerepartially fundedbytheAustrianResearchPromotionAgency(FFG)aspartofseveralframeworkprogramsandresearchprojects.

References

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Authors

Dipl.-Ing.JohannesWeninger studiedarchitectureattheLeopold-FranzensUniversityofInnsbruckwithfocusonarchitecturaltheoryandworkedasanexternal lecturerandresearchassociateatvarious universitiesinAustriaandGermanyinthe fieldofArtificialIntelligenceandCyberphysicalSystems.Until2018hewasa researchassociateattheKarl-FranzensUniversityGrazintheDepartmentofBiologicalPsychology.Since2016hehas beenworkingatBartenbachresearchon thetopicsofnon-visuallighteffects,digitizationandmachinelearning.Hehas headedBartenbach’sresearchteamsince 2022.

BartenbachGmbH,foundedin1976by ChristianBartenbach,isaleadingindependentlightingdesignandconsultingfirm basedinWattens,nearInnsbruck,Austria.Thecompanyspecializesinholistic lightingsolutionsthatenhancehumanwellbeing,improvetaskperformance,enrich atmospheres,andpromotesocialinteraction.Theirinterdisciplinaryteamofapproximately80expertsfromfieldssuchas architecture,design,physics,psychology, andengineeringcollaboratesoninnovative artificialanddaylightplanning,aswellas thedevelopmentofopticalcomponents andlightingresearch.

https://www.bartenbach.com

The UniversityofInnsbruck,established in1669,isaprominentpublicresearchuniversitylocatedinInnsbruck,Austria.Itis thelargesteducationalinstitutioninwesternAustria,withapproximately28,000 studentsand5,500staffandfacultymembers.

https://www.uibk.ac.at/en/

Afterstudyingelectricalengineering, Dr.techn.SaschaHammes,M.Sc. workedasaspecialistplannerforelectrical buildingequipmentandintheresearchand developmentdepartmentofBartenbach. Aspartofanindustry-relateddissertation onuser-centeredlightingandthepotential ofpost-occupancyevaluations,hecompletedhisdoctorateattheUniversityof Innsbruck,wherehehasalsobeenemployedasapost-doctoralresearchersince 2022.Heisparticularlyinvolvedinresearch projectsintheareasofbuildingautomation systems,especiallyuser-centeredsystems, sensortechnology,anddataanalysis.

SaraElFeky,KarlGöransson,WalterLongweandGrahamMawer atBarcelona’sZiguratInstitute

e-zigurat.com

Therearemorethan300millionstreet lightsintheworldandtheyarefound onalmosteveryurbanizedstreetinthe developedanddevelopingworld. Agroupofgraduatestudentsat Barcelona’sZiguratInstitute5 have beenlookingatwhetherthisenormous infrastructureinvestmentcouldbe leveragedformorethanjustlighting. Theyhavebeenconsideringwhether thenextwaveintheevolutionofstreet lightsmightinvolvethewidespread additionofsmartcitysensorstothe lights.

MultisensordeploymentSalamanca,Spain. Imagecredit:Signify.

5https://www.e-zigurat.com/en/smart-cities-masters -program

Streetlightsareubiquitous,structurally secure,electricallypoweredandelevated overtheroadway.Increasingly,astheyare convertedtoLEDs,thestreetlightsare becomingdigitaldevicesandarebeing pairedwithsmartstreetlightingcontrols. Thiscombinationofcharacteristicsmake streetlightsapotentiallyideallocationto hostadditionalsmartcitysensorsatlow cost.Thesensorstheycouldhostmight measuretraffic,climate,pollutionornoise parameters.

AkeypremisefortheZiguratprojectwas thatthestreetlightmayultimatelybethe leastexpensivelocationtowidelydeploy sensorsinthepublicdomain.Ifasensorcanbedirectlypluggedintoastreet light,installationlaborcostswillbelow. Nomountingbracketwouldberequired andnoadditionalpowersupplyinfrastructurewouldbeneeded(e.g,wiring,conduit, fuse,metering,meteringbox,surgeprotection).Insomecases,whereutilitiesown thelighting,placingsensorsonlightsmay avoidcomplexpoleaccessnegotiations andchargesforpoleaccess.

ThePivotalRoleofthe Zhaga-D4iStandard

TheZhagaConsortium6 isanindustryassociationofsome600membersthatpublishesindustrystandardsforinterfaces ofLEDsandothercomponentswithin lights.Oneofitsindustrystandards,Zhaga Book187,addressestheinterconnection ofcomponentsinoutdoorlighting.

TheBook18standardhasprogressively evolvedtoallowatwo-nodearchitecture where,forexample,asmartcontroldevicecansitonthetopofthestreetlight andanadditionalsensorcanbeplaced onthebottomofthelight(seeimage).The sensormightbeamotionsensortohelp controllightinglevelsbutitcouldalsobe asmartcitysensor.Recognizingthepotentialforstreetlightingtoplayawiderrole asapieceofsmartcityinfrastructure,the ZhagaConsortiumstagedanawardsprogramin2023forSmartCitySensors.8

TheZiguratproject,whilenotaffiliatedwith theZhagaConsortium,recognisedthepivotalrolethatZhagaBook18andtheD4i certificationprocessisplayinginshaping thefutureofpubliclighting.

DatabaseofZhaga-based DeviceSuppliersReleased

WhilethemarketforZhaga-basedproductsisstillrelativelyyoung,theZigurat projecthasidentified42suppliers,globally, offeringZhaga-basedsmartstreetlighting controls,motionsensorsandsmartcity sensors.Atableofthesesuppliersisincludedinthisarticle.

6https://zhagastandard.org

7https://zhagastandard.org/books/overview/smart-int erface-between-outdoor-luminaires-and-sensing-com munication-modules-18.html

8https://www.zhagastandard.org/zhaga-smartcityse nsor-awards.html/

ZhagaD4iluminaire.

SurveyofControlsand SensorSuppliers

TheZiguratprojectteamusedthedatabase ofsupplierstoundertakeasurveyinmid2024.Abouthalfoftheidentifiedsuppliersparticipatedinthesurveywith21responsesreceived.

Oneofthekeysurveyquestionsfocused ontheinternationalZhaga-D4iproduct certificationregime9 launchedin2021in conjunctionwiththeDALIAlliance.Atthe timeofthesurvey,only10ofthe42suppliersidentifiedintheprojecthadchosen tocertifyoneormoreoftheirproducts.Of thesurveyrespondents,20%werenotintendingtoseekcertificationorwereunsure thattheywouldwhileafurther43%said theywereplanningtoorintheprocessof seekingcertification.However,therateof newcertificationsbysupplierswhohave notpreviouslycertifiedadeviceappears lowinthepublicregistry.10

Basedonthesurveyresultsanddirect feedbackfromsuppliers,theprojectteam concludedthattherewascompellingevidenceofhesitancytocertifynewproducts bymanysuppliersdespitethedemonstratedmarketingbenefitsofhavingcertifiedproducts.Thesurveydidn’tinclude endusersandwhethertheyvaluedtheinteroperabilityconformationthatZhaga-D4i certificationoffers.

Theprojectteamalsolookedatthecommunicationsapproachbeingtakenbythe suppliersofsmartcitysensors.Zhaga Book18doesnotrestricthowsensors communicate.SensordatacanbechannelledviatheDALIBusintheluminaireand thentransmitviathesmartstreetlighting controlsdevicetotheCentralManagementSystem(CMS)forthelightingcontrols provider.However,bynotrestrictinghow sensorscommunicate,theZhagastandard alsoallowssensorstocommunicateindependently.63%ofsurveyrespondents whosoldsmartcitysensorssaidthatthey wereeithercommunicatingindependently viacommunicationchipsintheirsensors (e.g.,viaNB-IoTorLoRaWAN)orpreferred tocommunicateindependentlygiventhat ZhagaBook18doesnotrestrictthechoice ofcommunicationsapproach.Basedon thesurveyresultsanddirectdiscussions withsuppliersofsmartcitysensors,the projectteamconcludedthattryingtochannelgeneralpurposesensordataviathe DALIBusandouttoastreetlightingCMS wasprovingchallengingforsomesuppliers.Thepathofleastresistanceformany supplierswastoincludeacommunicationschipintheirsensorandsendthedata 9https://www.dali-alliance.org/zhaga-d4i/ 10https://www.zhagastandard.org/products.html

directlytotheirownCMSortoageneral smartcityplatform.

Intermsofdevicecosts,thesurveyresults indicatedthat75%ofsmartstreetlighting controlsprovidersand63%ofmotionsensorsuppliersweresellingtheirdevicesfor lessthan100Euros.Costsforsmartcity sensorsweremuchmorevaried,ranging frombelow100Eurosto600Euros.The projectteamconcludedthattheearlystage ofthemarketforthesesmartcitysensors, thelowervolumesandthecomplexityof somesensorswerethelikelyrootcauses ofthewiderangeofpricing.

Thefinalsurveyquestionfocusedonthe motivationforsupplierstodevelopZhagabaseddevices.Anoverwhelming86%of surveyrespondentscitedthestreetlight asbeingagoodlocationformanysensing taskswhile71%saidthattheircustomers wereaskingforthedevices.Intermsof cost,48%ofsuppliersbelievedthatthe streetlight-basedsensorswerelessexpensivefortheircustomerstopurchase anddeploywhile43%saidthattheywere lessexpensivetoproducethanothersensors.Fromtheresponses,theprojectteam concludedthatthereappearedtobea widespreadindustryviewthatthestreet lightsareindeedagoodlocationformany sensingtasksandthatcustomerswantthe devices.

Conclusions

Anever-widerarrayofZhaga-basedsmart citysensorsiscontinuingtoemergebut somebarriersremaintowidespeadadoption.Basedontherelativelyslowrateof certificationsandtheevidentpreferenceof suppliersforusingindependentcommunicationtechnologies,theZiguratproject teamconcludedthattherewouldbeadvantagesinmoreovertlypromotingthat ZhagaBook18doesnotrestricthowsensorscommunicateandthatsensorswhich communicateindependentlycanstillmeet allcertificationrequirements.Overall,cities couldbenefitfrombothgreaterZhagabasedsensorchoice,fromsensorswhich arecompatiblewiththeirexistingIoTnetworksandfromtheincreasedconfidence andlowerriskswhichcomeswithmore sensorsbeingindependentlycertified.

Theprojectteamalsorecommended thattherebefurtherstudiesmonitoring Zhaga-D4iadoption,developmentofmore casestudiesaboutearlyadoption,economicanalysisquantifyingthebenefitsof widespreaduseofstreetlightsforhosting ofsmartcitysensorsandmadeaseries ofrecommendationsaboutgreaterstakeholderengagement. ■

SuppliersofZhaga-BasedSmartStreet LightingControls,MotionSensorsand SmartCitySensors

• Algorab,Italy

• Bega,Germany

• Carandini,Spain

• ChangzhouHighlandSmartThings Technology,China

• Citygrid,Denmark

• Citylight,Latvia

• ClimateChangeResponse,Australia

• Comlight,Norway

• edgemachines,Australia

• eSave,Switzerland

• Flashnet,Romania

• FondaTech,China

• Hynall,China

• iciti,Germany

• IR-TEC,Taiwan

• Lacroix,France

• Legrand,France

• Lixtec,Austria

• LucyZodion,UnitedKingdom

• Lumenradio,Sweden

• LumosControls,UnitedStates

• Mauglo,Latvia

• NAS,Norway

• Novaccess,Switzerland

• Olfer,Spain

• ParadoxEngineering,Switzerland

• Remoticom,TheNetherlands

• Saphi,Australia

• Schreder,Belgium

• ShanghaiLong-JoinIntelligentTechnology,China

• ShuncomAIOT,China

• Signify(Philips),TheNetherlands

• SITECO,Germany

• Sundrax,UnitedKingdom

• TEConnectivity,UnitedStates

• Tridonic,Austria

• Tvilight,TheNetherlands

• VibeLighting,Australia

• Westire,Ireland

• XiamenIotcommTechnology,China

• X-LOGIC,Croatia

• ZumtobelGroup,Austria

ProducedbySaraElFeky,KarlGöransson, WalterLongwe&GrahamMawerforthe ZiguratInstituteMaster’sinGlobalSmart CityManagement.Allcontentprovidedby thesupplierswithpermissiontopublish orcollectedfrompubliclyavailableinformation.Allrequestsforchangestothis publiclyavailabledatabaseshouldbesent to: mailto:gmawer@nextenergy.com.au

LEDMatrixManagerEmpowers

andSafeFrontLightSystem

JasonBAI,ApplicationEngineeratAnalogDevices

TheLEDmatrixmanagerprovides originalequipmentmanufacturers (OEMs)withanadvancedfrontlight systemthatenhancessafetyanddistinguishestheirbrand.Itoffersseamlessintegration,highperformance coupledwithsafetyfeatures,andeffectivelyreduceselectromagnetic interference(EMI).Additionally,itincorporatesabuilt-inlogarithmicfadein/fade-outfunction,lowRDS(ON),and slewratecontrolforoptimaloperation. ThisarticlewilldiscusshowtheLED matrixmanagercanbeusedtoelevate theintelligenceofautomotivefront lightsystemdesigns.

Introduction

Theincreasingadoptionofintelligentfront lightsystemsisprimarilydrivenbysafety andthedesireforuniquebrandidentities.Thesesystemsaregrowingatarate of8.3%annually [1].Theyfeatureglarefreehighbeams,LED,andmatrixlighting, whichtogetherformadaptivedrivingbeam (ADB)systems.TheseADBsystemseliminatetheriskofblindingoncomingtraffic. Tofurtherenhancesafetyandcomfortfor drivers,automotiveOEMsareincorporating additionaladaptivelightingfunctions(AFS) likecorneringlightanddynamiccurvelight.

AdvantagesofLED Headlights

Currently,automobilesusehalogen,xenon, orLEDlampsfortheirfrontlights.Xenon lampswerecommoninhigherendvehicles forawhile,butnowLEDlampsarebecomingmorepopular.It’slikelythatLEDlamps willsoonbethemostcommonchoice.

AbouttheAuthor: JasonBaiisanapplicationengineeratAnalogDevicesandis responsibleforsupportandapplicationof automotivepowerproducts.Jasonjoined MaximIntegrated(nowpartofAnalogDevices)in2020andholdsamaster’sdegree inelectricalengineeringfromMiamiUniversity(Ohio).

Formoreinformationvisit www.analog.com

TheLEDmatrixmanagerplaysacrucial rolebyefficientlymanagingcurrentfor matrixandpixellighting.IttypicallycontrolsLEDvoltage(upto65V)using6to 12integratedswitches,simplifyingdesign andsavingtime.ItsintegratedMOSFET, ratedbetween5Vand14V,hasalowonresistanceRDS(ON),allowingittohandle LEDcurrentsupto2A.

Additionally,theLEDmatrixmanageroffers anoptimalpulse-widthmodulation(PWM) dimmingsetupwithexceptionalperformance.Thisincludessmoothtransitions betweenPWMdimmingstatesandtheoptionforinternalorexternalclockcontrolfor PWMdimming.

Therapidadvancementsinthedimming performanceoftheLEDmatrixmanager arecontributingsignificantlytoincreased safety,improveddrivingexperiences,and enhancedbrandidentities.

Thedifferencesamongtheselampsare summarizedin Table 1.LEDlampsare brighterthanhalogen,butnotasbright asxenon.Xenonlampscanbetoodazzlingatnight.Typically,halogenlamps useonly20%oftheirpowerforlight,while LEDlampsuse80% [2].EventhoughLED lampscostmoreinitially,theirlonglifespan andenergyefficiencycansavemoneyin thelongrun.Theyarealsosmaller,giving carmakersmoredesignfreedomforheadlights.

Table1: Comparisonbetweenhalogenlamp, Xenonlamp,andLEDlamp.

LEDExteriorFrontLight SystemOverview

Afrontlightsystemasshownin Figure 1 includesamicrocontroller,voltagesources, currentsources,andLEDlamps.Themicrocontroller,referredtoastheLEDmodule(LM),issituatedoutsideofthelamps. It’scommonlyknownastheLEDcontrol module(LCM).TheLCMoftenemploys theCANbustocommunicateandmonitorthestatusoftheLM,includingfeatureslikeanimationandbrightness.Inside

theLCM,buck-boosttopologiesarefrequentlyusedasLEDdrivers,allowingthem toaccommodatedifferentLMconfigurations,suchas6or12LEDsinasingle LM.In Figure 1,theLEDdriverwithinthe LCMcomprisesbothvoltageandcurrent sources.Typically,thevoltagesourcesadjustthebatteryvoltagetoahigherlevel, determinedbythenumberofLEDs,while thecurrentsourcesdeliveraconsistent currenttotheLMandlowertheboosted voltage.

Theautomotiveexteriorfrontlightingsystemhasseverallightingfunctions,including alowbeamheadlamp(LB),highbeam headlamp(HB),daytimerunninglight (DRL),frontpositionlamp(PL),andturn indicator.Dependingonthespecificlightingfunctions,theLMissetupwithvarying numbersandcolorsofLEDs.Thismeans theLCMmustprovidetheappropriatecurrentsourcetoregulatebrightness.Tosave costs,manufacturersmightintegratetwo ormorelightingfunctionsintoasingleLM, likecombiningdaytimerunninglightand frontpositionlight.

TheLEDmatrixmanagers,suchasthe MAX25608,areusedtocontrolLEDsindividuallywithdifferentdimmingscenarios, suchaswelcomefunctionsandawipingindicator.TheLEDmatrixmanagers consistsofmultipleswitchesthatcanbe independentlyprogrammedtobypassthe LEDsacrosseachoftheswitchesinthe string.Eachswitchcanbeturnedfullyon, fullyoff,ordimmedwithorwithoutfadetransitionmode.Thedimfrequencyisset byaninternaloscillatororsettoanexternal clocksource.

SmartLightingFunction: ADB

TheADBsystemsareasmartHBcontrolsystemthatcanadaptivelyadjustthe beampatternbasedondrivingconditions. Thefullhighbeamcanbedistractingto oncomingdriversandpedestrians.The adaptivecapabilitiesofanADBsystem canautomaticallyturnthebrightlightsoff orpartiallybeamtoavoiddazzlingdrivers andpedestrians.Basedondifferentheadlightresolutionrequirements,theLMof anADBsystemwouldconsistoffouror moreLEDmatrixmanagerstocontrolfour ormoreLEDzones.WithanLEDmatrix manager,ADBsystemscanbeeasilyimplementedandLEDsinanADBsystem canbedimmedindividually.

FaultDetectionand ProtectionofLEDMatrix Manager

DetectingifLEDsareopenorshortedisvitalforsafety.Asystemwithsafetyfeatures reducestheimpactofpotentialfailures. CheckingforopenorshortedLEDsinthe headlightsystemhelpscatchanyissues thatmightoccur.TheLEDmatrixmanager naturallyprovidesprotectionagainstshort circuitsandopencircuits.TheMAX25608 keepstrackofanyfaultsrelatedtoopen orshortcircuits.Theopen-LEDfaultis triggeredwhenthevoltagebetweenthe individualLEDswitchdrainnode(Figure 2) andtheswitchsourcenodeexceedsthe openthresholdandisreportedinthestatusregister.Asshownin Figure 3,the voltagecrossswitchis4.88V,whichtriggersanLEDopenfault,whenopenthresholdissetto4.66V.AshortLEDfaultis triggeredwhenthevoltagebetweenthe

Figure1: AnLEDfrontlightsystem.

switchdrainnodeandtheswitchsource nodeisbelowtheshortthresholdforan openswitchconditionandisreportedin thestatusregister. Figure 4 providesan example,wherebythevoltagecrossswitch is2.4V,whichtriggersanLEDshortfault whentheshortthresholdissetto1.4V.

Figure2: LEDfaultdetection.

Figure3: TheMAX25608LEDopendetection (Channel2:Drainvoltage;Channel3:FLTB; Channel4:LEDcurrent).

Figure4: TheMAX25608LEDshortdetection (Channel2:Drainvoltage;Channel3:FLTB; Channel4:LEDcurrent).

SafeUARTCommunication Protocol

ADI’sMAX25608providesmultidropuniversalasynchronousreceiver-transmitter (UART)communicationsbetweenthemicrocontrollerandupto16MAX25608devices.Thewriteandreadcommandexamplesareshownin Figure 5 and Figure 6 Toensuredatasecurity,theread/write transactionsareprotectedusinga3-bit

cyclicredundancycheck(CRC)onthe packet.Ifthemicrocontrollertransmitsa datapacketwithanincorrectCRC,the MAX25608doesnotreplyanddiscardsthe attemptedcommunication.

Intheeventoflostcommunication,the UARTwatchdogfeatureoftheMAX25608 setstheswitchesintoapreconfigured state.Whenamicrocontrollercommunicationlineisinactiveformorethanthe settime,thefaultindicatorison,andthe LEDsenterapreconfiguredstateifthe UARTwatchdogisenabled.Asshownin

Figure 7,theUARTwatchdogtimerisset to500ms.AfteraUARTreceiversignalis inactivefor480ms,theLEDsareturnedoff sincethepreconfiguredstateisoff.

Performancemetricssuchasthermaland EMIperformancecaneasilybeevaluated. Asshownin Figure 8,thematrixmanager isdrivenbytheMAX25601boostbuck LEDdriverwithallswitchesclosedonthe matrixmanagerandprovidea1.5Aoutput to12LEDs.Underaroomtemperature environment,onlya30.4°Ctemperature riseiscaptured.

Figure7: TheMAX25608UARTwatchdogfunction(Channel1:UARTreceiver;Channel2:Drain voltage;Channel3:FLTB;Channel4:LEDcurrent).

PerformanceoftheLED MatrixManager

ADI’sMAX25608offersadvancedintegration,highperformanceandsafety,flexibility,andEMImitigationfunctionalitysuchas thefollowing:

• Integration:Providesbuilt-inlogarithmic fade-in/fade-outcapabilitythatsimplifies LEDprogrammabilityandreducestaxationonsystembuslines.

• Highperformanceandsafety:Features advancedfaultprotectionandmanagementforopen,short,andopen-trace LEDdetection.LowRDS(ON)safelyenableshighLEDcurrent.

• Flexibility:SupportsmultipleICstomanagelargeLEDpixelcounts;allowsdesignerstoconfigureLEDgroups,such as1string×12seriesswitches,and2 strings×6seriesswitches.

• EMImitigation:Slew-ratecontrolreducesEMIandnoise.

Figure8: TheMAX25608thermalcameracaptureunder1.5Acondition.

Underthesametestenvironmentofa1A outputto12LEDs,EMIresultsshowno spikesduetotheMAX25608’sproprietary chargepumpdesignasshownin Figure 9

TheMAX25608isdrivenbytheMAX25600 H-bridgeLEDdriverwithtwoLEDsat eachchannel.A4.7µFoutputcapand afilter(1µH+0.1µF)areaddedtothe MAX25600.Thecurrentspikeismeasured whiledimming,asshownin Figure 10

AconductedEMIoftheMAX25608.

Figure10: Currentspikesduringdimming.

Conclusion

Asthetrendofvehicleelectrificationand intelligenceisgrowingfast,thelighting systemhasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantfeatureinpresentandfuturevehicle designs.Thelightingsystemischaracterizedbyflexibility,efficiency,reliability,and morepersonalizedandartisticeffects.ADB andAFSareconsideredadvancedsafety features.Inthesedesigns,anaccurate, efficient,andreliableLEDmanagerforthe LEDmatrixisrequired. ■

References

[1] SejalAkre.“AutomotiveIntelligentLightingSystem MarketResearchReportInformationbyTechnology (Xenon,LED,Halogen),TypeofLight(Intelligent AmbientLighting,AdaptiveHeadlight),VehicleType (Passenger,Commercial)AndRegion(Asia-Pacific, NorthAmerica,Europe,AndRestOfTheWorld)–MarketForecastTill2032.”MarketResearchFuture, March2024. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com /reports/automotive-intelligent-lighting-system-marke t-7615#:~:text=Automotive

[2] “LEDvsHalogenBulbs.”DISPLAYS2GO,August 2023.

Figure5: Anexampleofawritecommand.

Figure6: Anexampleofareadcommand.

Figure9:

ExpertTalksonLight–LUMILEDS

ExploringInnovationinLighting:AdvancedSolutionsfor High-DensityMulti-ColorLEDArraysandRevolutionaryAutomotive BodyIllumination.

Talk#1: ChallengesandSolutions whenDesigningLarge ClusterMulti-colorLED Sources

https://youtu.be/mqfKDY1gDOQ

RobEngelen’spresentationdelvesinto thechallengesandsolutionsfordesigninghigh-density,multi-colorLEDarraysfor applicationssuchasarchitectural,stage, andstudiolighting.Thepresentationemphasizesachievingoptimallightoutput, colormixing,thermalmanagement,and compactLEDpackagingtomeetmodernlightingdemands.Acentralfocusis resolvingconflictingdesignrequirements, suchasthepreferenceforlargeLEDdies tomaximizelightperformanceversusthe needforsmallpackagestoensureclosepackingofLEDs.

Toaddressthesechallenges,thepresentationdiscussesadvancedtechnologies. Forthermalmanagement,heatdissipationsolutionsincludetheuseofinnovative PCBsubstratessuchasceramic,insulatedmetalsubstrates(IMS)withcopper pedestals,andadvancedheatsinkdesigns.Thesedesignsenablehighdrivecurrents,efficientheattransfer,andreduced noisebyeliminatingfans.Electricalrouting isoptimizedusingathree-stripefootprint toenablecompact,efficientlayoutswhile enhancingcolormixingthroughbetterrandomizationofindividualcolors.

Talk#2: ExpandingtheHorizonsof CarBodyLighting

https://youtu.be/KM1da8LlhiY

Dr.ThorstenAnger’spresentation,“ExpandingtheHorizonsofCarBodyLighting,”highlightsinnovationsinautomotive lightingdesign,emphasizingcutting-edge technologiesthatbalancestyling,functionality,andmarketfeasibility.Itexplores diverseapplications,includingsingular litelements,backlitsurfaces,andthreedimensionalilluminatedstructures,tailored touniquevehicledesigns.

Thepresentationidentifieschallengesin adaptingadvancedlightingtechnologies, typicallyreservedforhigh-endvehicles,to mainstreamplatforms.Lumiledsaddresses thiswithscalable,modularsolutionsthat prioritizeefficiency,cost-effectiveness,and sustainability.Keyinnovationsincludethe LUXEONVersat2016LEDFamilyforcustomizablebrightnessandspectraltuning, DynamicSignatureLightswith192individuallyaddressablepixelsfordynamicstyling, andtheLUXEON3DLEDSeries,aflexible solutionforslim,elongateddesigns.The CoinConceptDesignintroducesmodular, efficientsingle-emittersolutionsoptimized forsafetyandeasyintegration.

Advancedtechnicalfeatureslikecollimator lenses,diffusefilmcovers,andoptimized geometriesenhanceluminousefficiency anduniformity,cateringtolarge,curved surfaceswhileensuringhigh-performance opticalquality.Lumileds’focusonsustainabilityisevidentthroughrecyclablematerialsandautomated,modularintegration systemsdesignedformassproduction.

Supportedby

Formoreinformationvisit: https://www.lumileds.com/

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TheMarch/April2025issueofLpRMagazine offersadiverselineupofcontentfocusedon thelatestdevelopmentsinthelightingindustry.HighlightsincludeaPre-ShowReport onLightfairInternational2025,previewing trendsandinnovationsexpectedattheLas Vegasevent.Theissuefeaturesanexclusive interviewwithProf.Dr.HaoLuoxi,aglobal expertinilluminationandurbanplanning, discussingadvancementsinlightingeducationanddesign.Acompanyspotlighton SunLEDshowcasesitsleadershipinLED componentmanufacturing,emphasizinginnovationandreliability.TheInnoscienceGaN LEDDriverarticleexploresthetransformativebenefitsofGalliumNitridetechnology inLEDapplications,suchasimprovedefficiencyandcompactdesigns.Additional contentincludesawhitepaperfrommwConnectonconnectivitysolutionsandanarticle onPolab’sgroundbreakingstreetlighting technologywithinnovativeLEDheadlamps. Alltogether,thisissueprovidescutting-edge insightsintolightingtechnologyandapplicationsforprofessionalsworldwide.

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