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METHODOLOGY of DESIGN
3
SERIES
景觀設計與戲劇理論 : 舞台化真實性體驗 侯錦雄 虎尾科技大學休閒遊憩系 李素馨 國立臺灣師範大學地理學系
教授 教授
Landscape Design and Dramatic Theory: The Experience of Staged Authenticity Jing-Shoung Hou,
設計方法論
Professor, Dep. of Leisure and Recreation, National Formal University Su-Hsin Lee, Professor, Dep. of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University
摘要
Abstract
公園與景區等開放空間已經成為民眾休閒旅遊的理想地
Public spaces including parks and scenic areas have already become the
點，然而快速的觀光發展導致過度追求商業化經濟利益，
ideal recreational and travel locations for people; however, the rapid tourism
致使當地景觀朝向商品化，傳統文化所展現的獨特空間形
development has led to the excessive pursuit of commercialized economic
式以及社會關係受到某種程度的衝擊，因此遊客真實性體
interests, resulting in the marketization of the local landscapes, such that the unique spatial forms as well as the social relationships presented by
驗成為「景觀體驗」的重要議題。作者在景觀設計教學與
traditional culture have experienced a certain degree of impact, hence, the
研究工作中，嘗試由理論的建構，找尋「景觀設計」的設
factual experience of the travelers has become a vital issue to the “landscape
計方法論，本文以發展觀光中「景觀」所呈現的文化商品 化現象為研究主體，以戲劇理論探討其空間意涵，和舞台 化真實性對「景觀設計理論」創新的操作。
experience”. The authors attempted to search for the design methodology of “landscape design” via theoretical construction during the teaching as well as the research study of landscape design; the object of this study is based on the phenomenon of cultural commodification demonstrated by the “landscape in tourism development”, where dramatic theory is applied to explore the spatial
基於環境行為研究的視角，「景觀」作為一個「場所」的 概念，可以由功能觀點論述人們與場所的使用特質。然而 由「文化景觀」的觀點，景觀空間與文化的商品化的表徵
meaning, as well as the innovative manipulation of staged factuality on the “landscape design theory”. Based on the perspective of environmental and behavioral study, with “landscape” as a concept of “venue”, the use of nature between people and
呈現出「景觀」的『空間市場化』、『體驗消費化』、與『文
venue may be summarized via the functional aspect. However, with the aspect
化樣板化』。景觀是舞台，居民與遊客共同演出一場戲碼。
of “cultural landscape”, the characterizations of landscape space and cultural
文化朝向觀光大眾化的演化，使文化本身失去原本嚴肅、
commodification demonstrate a “marketization of space”, “consumerization
虔誠的儀式意義，轉變為形式一致並且可以販售的物品 ; 景
of experience”, as well as “templatization of culture” for landscape. Landscape
觀藉由媒體的傳播 ( 如雜誌與影像多媒體 ) 而產生虛擬與擬
is the stage, with the residents and travelers performing a drama together. The culture is heading towards the evolution of popularized tourism, resulting in the
態體驗文化的需求，影響景觀空間的營造與再現。本文探
culture itself losing the original solemn and godly ceremonial meanings, but
討如何適度的保存現有的生活景觀與居住形式，引入導覽
rather they have been transformed into objects featuring consistent forms which
解說活動，適當的規範遊客的行動，並利用劇情 ( 故事 ) 的
may be marketed. Landscapes result in the demand for the virtual and mimic
創造，經文化的規範化（normalization），發展為具現代 景觀風貌的設計手法。
experiences of culture via media propagation (such as magazines and image multi-media), influencing the construction as well as reproduction of landscape spaces. This article explores how to adequately preserve the existing living landscapes and habitat forms while implementing the tour guide activities, as
[ 關鍵字 ] 旅遊商品、景觀體驗、景觀空間、福特客序列
well as adequately regulating the travelers’ actions; furthermore, the creation of plot (story) with the cultural normalization is used to develop the design techniques featuring modern landscape styles. Keywords: Travel Products, Landscape Experience, Landscape Space,Fordist Spectrum