R 100311 pgbmp final version march2010 complete lr

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FINAL MARCH 2010

1/1 Alvan Street, Mt Lawley PO Box 289, Mt Lawley WA 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597 Email: admin@landinsights.com.au

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan

Prepared for the Shire of Capel Prepared by:

Land Insights 1/1 Alvan Street Mt Lawley PO Box 289 Mt Lawley WA 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597

Document details: File: 864 Revision FINAL Date: March 2010 Author: SR Verified: MT Approved: MT Important Note:

"The information contained in this report has been prepared with care by the author(s), or it has been supplied to the author(s) by apparently reliable sources. In either case, the author(s) have no reason to doubt its completeness or accuracy. However, neither the author(s) company nor its employees guarantee the information, nor does it or is it intended to form part of any contract. Accordingly, all interested parties should make their own inquiries to verify the information, as well as any additional or supporting information supplied, and it is the responsibility of interested parties to satisfy themselves in all respects.

This report is for the use only of the party to whom it is addressed.

Land Insights disclaims responsibility to any third party acting upon or using the whole or part of its contents."

1

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

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PREAMBLE ................................................................................................................................ 4 STUDY AREA ............................................................................................................................. 4 REPORT SCOPE ........................................................................................................................ 5 KEY ISSUES .............................................................................................................................. 6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................ 7 CONSULTATION ......................................................................................................................... 8 PAST AND PRESENT USE ............................................................................................................ 8

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS .................................................................................................. 9 2.1 WAPC POLICY NO. DC6.1 – COUNTRY COASTAL PLANNING POLICY .......................................... 9 2.2 STATEMENT OF PLANNING POLICY 2.6 – STATE COASTAL PLANNING POLICY ............................. 11 2.3 SHIRE OF CAPEL TOWN PLANNING SCHEME NO. 7.................................................................... 11 2.4 GREATER BUNBURY REGION SCHEME...................................................................................... 12 2.5 COASTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT MANUAL 2003 ............................................................ 12 2.6 CAPEL COASTAL STRATEGY .................................................................................................... 13 2.7 PREVIOUS FORESHORE MANAGEMENT PLANS .......................................................................... 14 2.8 SHIRE OF CAPEL TRAILS MASTER PLAN ................................................................................... 14 2.9 EPA POSITION STATEMENTS ................................................................................................... 15 2.10 EPA GUIDANCE STATEMENTS.................................................................................................. 15 2.11 PLANNING BULLETINS .............................................................................................................. 15 2.12 VISUAL LANDSCAPE PLANNING IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA ........................................................... 16 2.13 EPBC ACT POLICY STATEMENT 3.10 – SIGNIFICANT IMPACT GUIDELINES FOR THE VULNERABLE WESTERN RINGTAIL POSSUM (PSEUDOCHEIRUS OCCIDENTALIS) IN THE SOUTHERN SWAN COASTAL PLAIN, WESTERN AUSTRALIA ........................................................................................................................... 16

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CONSULTATION ........................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4

PREVIOUS CONSULTATION....................................................................................................... 17 COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE .................................................................................................. 18 STEERING GROUP ................................................................................................................... 20 OTHER RELEVANT STAKEHOLDERS .......................................................................................... 21

ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................... 22 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 22 CLIMATE ................................................................................................................................. 22 CLIMATE CHANGE .................................................................................................................... 22 MARINE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................ 23 COASTAL PROCESSES ............................................................................................................. 23 COASTAL CHANGES ................................................................................................................ 26 GEOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 27 SOIL-LANDSCAPE CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................... 28 EROSION ................................................................................................................................ 28 ACID SULPHATE SOILS ............................................................................................................. 28 GROUNDWATER ...................................................................................................................... 29 VEGETATION AND FLORA ......................................................................................................... 30 FAUNA .................................................................................................................................... 37

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CULTURAL & SOCIAL CHARACTERICTICS .............................................................................. 39 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

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COASTAL MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................................... 45 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

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INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 45 COASTAL TENURE ................................................................................................................... 45 COASTAL PROCESSES AND MANAGEMENT ............................................................................... 46 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 48 ACCESS AND FENCING............................................................................................................. 53 LAND USE AND FACILITIES ....................................................................................................... 65 HERITAGE ............................................................................................................................... 75 COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ...................................................................................................... 77

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ............................................................................................................ 79 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8

8

LAND STATUS AND ZONING ....................................................................................................... 39 LAND VESTING AND TENURE ..................................................................................................... 39 EXISTING USE AND DEVELOPMENT ........................................................................................... 41 HERITAGE ............................................................................................................................... 42

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 79 GUIDING PRINCIPLES ............................................................................................................... 79 PRIORITIES ............................................................................................................................. 80 RESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................................... 80 MONITORING ........................................................................................................................... 81 INDICATIVE COSTS .................................................................................................................. 81 FUNDING SOURCES ................................................................................................................. 82 PROPOSED IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ......................................................................................... 83

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................ 88

List of figures

Figure 1.1 – Study Area Figure 2.1 – Greater Bunbury Region Scheme Figure 4.1 – Acid Sulphate Soils Figure 5.1 – Tenure Figure 7.1 – Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan – Implementation and Action Plan Figure 7.2a – Implementation and Action Plan – Map 1 Figure 7.2b – Implementation and Action Plan – Barndi Walk Car Park Figure 7.3a – Implementation and Action Plan – Map 2 Figure 7.3b – Implementation and Action Plan – Wave Walk Car Park Figure 7.4a – Implementation and Action Plan – Map 3 Figure 7.4b – Implementation and Action Plan – Peppermint Grove Beach Car Park Figure 7.5a – Implementation and Action Plan – Map 4 Figure 7.5b – Implementation and Action Plan – Hardey Terrace Car Park

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Appendices

APPENDIX A – SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION APPENDIX B – DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DATABASE SEARCH INFORMATION APPENDIX C – REHABILITATION AND WEED CONTROL MANAGEMENT PLAN APPENDIX D – WEED INFORMATION APPENDIX E – PHOTOS AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX F – SOIL-LANDSCAPE INFORMATION

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1.1

Preamble

The Capel Coastal Strategy was prepared for the Shire of Capel in 2005. The Strategy identified the issues and threats affecting the coastal areas of the Shire and provided recommendations and management actions to address these. The purpose of preparing the Strategy was prompted by the recent increase in population, residential development and use of the Shireâ€&#x;s coast.

The Capel Coastal Strategy listed a number of recommendations for the Peppermint Grove Beach, the most relevant being the one described below: Prepare a detailed Foreshore Implementation/Action Plan for the Peppermint Grove area that consolidates, updates and provides a mechanism for ongoing management of the foreshore, based on the Preliminary Foreshore Management Plan (provided in the Strategy). The plan should address as a minimum the provision/need of access at the main Peppermint Grove Beach, the consideration of mechanisms for the rationalisation of informal access tracks between private residences and Peppermint Grove Beach, the layout and function of Wave Walk and ongoing management of the area near the Capel River Mouth.

This report presents the Foreshore Management Plan (FMP) for Peppermint Grove Beach in the Shire of Capel.

The residential area within the Study Area has expanded in recent years, specifically at the northern end of Peppermint Grove Beach. This increase in population, combined with the popularity of the beach during the holiday period as a tourist destination, has placed increased pressures on the beach from land use conflicts and environmental degradation. Coastal areas are dynamic and unstable environments, and the increasing demand for use of coastal areas for recreation has the potential to destabilise coastal areas and cause serious damage.

Therefore, the purpose of this FMP is to identify the issues and threats in the Study Area, determine the community values for the area and provide specific recommendations and actions to assist with the protection, conservation and continued recreational use of the beach for the long-term (i.e. up to 10 years).

1.2

Study Area

The Study Area (Peppermint Grove Beach) encompasses the coastal area extending from the southern boundary of the Capel River in the north to the southern end of the residential area (the southern end of Lot 100). It extends eastwards from the beach to the eastern side of the residential area. A majority of the Study Area consists of residential land uses which extends along most of its length. The dune and beach area to the west of this residential area is the focus of the FMP. The extent of the Study Area can be seen in Figure 1.1.

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1.3

Report Scope

This report presents the proposed Foreshore Management Plan (FMP) for Peppermint Grove Beach in the Shire of Capel. The requirement of the FMP was identified in the Shireâ€&#x;s Capel Coastal Strategy as a result of the recent increase in the residential area at Peppermint Grove Beach and the increased useage and land use conflicts at the beach. The purpose of the FMP is to identify the current land uses, values and issues in the Study Area and make recommendations for the future management and protection of the beach from environmental degradation for the next 10 years. The following broad steps were taken during the preparation of this document: Comprehensive site visits of the beach and surrounding residential areas, which paid particular attention to access points (car parks and pathways), informal tracks, fencing, the level of dune degradation, habitat areas, vegetation condition and land uses.

Extensive consultation with the Shire, community groups and the community which helped identify their issues, values and visions for the future of the beach.

The development of specific management recommendations to assist with the protection of the environment and to help reduce land use conflicts.

The objectives of the FMP are as follows: Reduce land use conflicts Encourage sustainable recreational land uses Enhance and protect conservation values Enhance community understanding of the environmental values of the coast and encourage a sense of ownership.

The Review of the Structural Arrangements for Coastal Planning and Management in Western Australia (WAPC, 2002a) defines a FMP as follows: These plans develop management guidelines for a particular beach, bay, inlet or section of a foreshore reserve. Foreshore plans are usually detailed and often include a work plan for rehabilitation and conservation of an area.

The following report generally conforms to this description by providing site specific actions to help address the issues and threats affecting Peppermint Grove Beach.

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1.4

Key Issues

A number of broad issues have been considered as this document was prepared. These are summarised in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 – Key issues Issue

Context

Existing management plans

The Capel Coast Strategy was prepared for the Shire in 2005 and Foreshore Management Plans have been prepared in the past as a condition of development in the Peppermint Grove Beach residential area. These documents were reviewed and any relevant information taken into account in the FMP.

The impact of current land uses and managing land use conflict

The population of Western Australia is continually expanding at an unprecedented rate with subsequent development and land use pressures.

Coastal areas are also greatly desired for their amenity and lifestyle values.

The aim of the FMP is to provide management actions to help minimise the impact that human activity has on the coastal environment. The encroachment of private allotments onto reserves is also an issue in the Study Area.

Residential land uses

The main land use in the Study Area is for residential purposes and has expanded at the northern end in recent years. This increase in population places increased pressure on the coastal environment in the Study Area due to the increased demand for recreational land uses. It is imperative that the management actions in the FMP are followed in order to reduce the impact that these land uses have on the coastal environment and reduce conservation and recreation conflicts.

Access

The beach is provided with a number of formal and informal access routes. It is considered that an adequate number of formal access tracks are currently provided to the beach and that informal tracks should be closed. The FMP proposes the formalisation of additional tracks such as those along the Water Corporation reserve to the Capel River and the track leading to the top of Mt Stirling/Hardeyâ€&#x;s Lookout.

Remnant vegetation and habitat

The coastal environment comprises its own, unique form of vegetation and forms an integral component of the ecology of coastal environments. Native vegetation in these environments is removed to make way for development.

The aim of the FMP is to protect and restore remnant vegetation in the Study Area to help improve the health of this ecosystem.

Protection of environmental features

The Study Area consists of a large number of environmental features (such as dunal landforms, vegetation, fauna etc.), all of which form an integral part of a healthy coastal and marine ecosystem and require protection and management in the future. The FMP proposes the protection of these by concentrating human activity at certain nodes and access paths.

Conservation

The coastal areas of WA are highly valued for their environmental, social and cultural importance. Unfortunately, development and land use along the coast has led to its degradation in some areas. This makes areas which are relatively undisturbed highly valued. It is important that as the land use in the Study Area increases, that conservation remains a priority.

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Issue

Context

Foreshore areas

The foreshore/beach area of the Study Area is the focus of the FMP. This is the location where a majority of the recreational land uses take place and, hence, the area which has the greatest potential to be impacted and degraded.

Landscape

The landscape within the Study Area provides one of the aesthetic appeals to the area. The location of additional pathways along the Water Corporation reserve to the Capel River and the track leading to the top of Mt Stirling/Hardey‟s Lookout provide an opportunity for the appreciation of the landscape.

Heritage

Peppermint Grove Beach consists of only one site identified as a European Heritage site (Hardey‟s Lookout). A majority of the area has Aboriginal heritage value which should be acknowledged and integrated into interpretative signage at the beach.

Tourism

It is understood that the population of the Study Area increases substantially during the summer months as tourists travel to the area. The popularity of the beach as a tourist destination increases the land uses pressures and conflicts that might arise. It is essential that the coastal environment is not detrimentally impacted by this increase in usage. The FMP aims to protect the dunes and vegetation from increased human impact by prohibiting vehicle use on the beach, concentrating activity to certain nodes and pathways and protecting other areas of the dunes.

Recreation

Peppermint Grove Beach is utilised by locals and tourists for recreational land uses, some of which conflict with each other. The FMP aims to encourage human use of the beach and dunes to certain nodes and access paths to allow for conservation of other areas.

Sustainability

Some land within the Study Area is used for other land uses apart from conservation – such as residential development, commercial, tourism and recreation. Therefore, it is important that the management actions in this FMP aim to promote the sustainable use of the Study Area for a variety of purposes.

1.5

Project Management

The preparation of the Foreshore Management Plan was managed by the Shire of Capel. The external study team for the project included: Mr Michael Taylforth – Land Insights Mrs Sharee Rasmussen – Land Insights The internal Shire of Capel team included: Ms Rae McPherson – Landcare Coordinator Mr Jono Wesley – Director Technical Services (involved in the majority of the project) Mr George Workman – Director of Technical Services (involved in the finalisation of the plan) Mr Shane Faber – Manager Works Mr Bob Evans – Development Engineer Chris Burwood – Director Planning and Development Services

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Iliya Hastings – Planning Officer Dean Freeman – Governance Officer.

1.6

Consultation

This project involved a number of different consultation mechanisms in order to ensure that a variety of opportunities were available for a range of people to provide their opinions about the project.

Essentially, consultation undertaken for this project included: Regular meetings with the Steering Group (made up of government representatives, Shire of Capel staff, Shire of Capel Councillors and representatives from community groups) Questionnaires for community members Meetings with representatives from other government agencies (Department of Environmental and Conservation, Department for Planning and Infrastructure and Water Corporation) and relevant groups.

1.7

Past and present use

The Study Area is currently developed as a coastal community which consists of residential development east of the beach. This residential area extends almost along the entire length of the Study Area. The car park at the end of Peppermint Grove Road contains a the majority of the recreational facilities such as a playground, picnic tables, BBQ‟s and a grassed picnic area. The residential development at the northern end of Peppermint Grove Beach is the most recent. Some retaining is still underway and housing being developed.

Peppermint Grove Beach functions as a local and district/regional beach and is predominantly used by the local community and tourists for recreational uses. It is accessible from the main road and there are currently two locations where 4-Wheel-Drive (4WD) vehicles can access the beach (Hardey Terrace Car Park and Barndi Walk). Facilities provided within the Study Area include car parking, grassed picnic areas, shade shelters, BBQ‟s, playgrounds and pedestrian access. The area is highly valued by the community because of the attractiveness of the natural environment and it is assumed that this is one reason why protection and rehabilitation of the beach has occurred in the past and is a priority at the present time.

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Legend Management Plan Area Cadastre

JOB NO:

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

E

1:10,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

0

100

200

300

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

15 Apr 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 1_1 - Study Area.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN FIGURE 1.1 - STUDY AREA

2.1

WAPC Policy No. DC6.1 – Country Coastal Planning Policy

DC Policy 6.1 was prepared in 1989 and is currently under review by the WAPC. The objectives of the policy are to: Encourage orderly and balanced development on and adjacent to the coast consistent with the protection of coastal resources Protect, conserve and enhance, as appropriate, coastal resources Permit public access to the coast consistent with the protection of coastal resources (WAPC, 1999).

The policy requires that a number of different issues are considered when planning along the coast and incorporated into subsequent foreshore management plans. The issues are listed in Table 2.1 along with a description of the points which relate to Peppermint Grove Beach.

Table 2.1 – Issues and Responses to the Policy Requirements in DC6.1

Policy Requirement Land use priorities

Principles

Comment

Unique natural and scenic areas with potential to attract tourists...are developed or conserved in response to social and economic forces.

Land tenure

Wave, wind and wave erosion means that some coastal properties will be eroded over time so it is important that these areas are in public ownership.

Ecology

Disturbance to vegetation should be minimised and regeneration of appropriate stabilising cover around new developments should be required.

Natural regeneration and the use of indigenous species should be encouraged.

Places of unique landscape, scientific and cultural significance should be conserved and managed.

Off-road vehicles should, where possible, be kept from degrading vegetation in coastal dunes.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

The FMP aims to provide for the use of the beach for social and recreational uses, while proposing that a majority of the beach is protected and rehabilitated where necessary to conserve the attractiveness of the natural environment. Community education and involvement will also assist in environmental protection and a sense of „ownership‟ of the coastal area.

The entire foredune area between the beach and the residential area is owned by the State of WA. It should be noted that the area immediately to the north of the Capel River is in freehold ownership to the high water mark. This area is reserved as Regional Open Space in the Greater Bunbury Region Scheme.

This area is outside the boundary of this FMP. The FMP aims to identify areas which require revegetation and recommend appropriate actions to carry this out.

The revegetation plan at Appendix C aims to only use species of a local provenance (native species were identified in the dune vegetation survey in 2004).

Areas of landscape, scientific and cultural significance are also integrated into the FMP (such as the Water Corporation Reserve at Capel River).

The FMP recommends that the use of off-road vehicles are prohibited along the beach between Hardey Terrace and 150 metres south of Barndi Walk car park.

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Policy Requirement Visual amenity

Land preservation

Soil protection

Water quality

Pedestrian access

Roads and parking

Principles

Comment

Views of the coast should be either protected or enhanced.

Signs should be limited in number and not dominate or block coastal views. They should be of a simple, easy to read design and make use of materials and colours which blend with the setting.

Isolated structures such as toilet blocks, should be unobtrusively located and designed.

Roads and car parks should blend with their setting.

Permanent development should be setback from the coast...to allow space for public amenity and to protect features of natural, scientific, visual and cultural significance.

Siting, design and construction of any structure should minimise disturbance to soils and vegetation.

Polluted and contaminated runoff should be treated at the source.

Well-vegetated margins of water bodies should be maintained to act as nutrient and sediment filters.

Fenced walkways should be provided to link coastal car parks, residential and other developments with adjacent beaches.

Walkways should be spaced at least 150 metres apart.

Where private allotments back onto foreshore reserves, a fenced walkway should also be provided along the rear of the allotments to facilitate the guiding of pedestrians and to prevent haphazard crossing of the dunes.

Paths should be located to direct people away from environmentally sensitive areas.

Provide fencing along roads and car parks and controlled walkways to prevent random pedestrian and vehicular access through coastal landforms.

The provision of access appropriate to the type of recreational experience considered desirable.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

The coastal has high scenic quality and the FMP does not propose that any development should occur to impact upon visual amenity.

The signage along the beach has been upgraded as was recommended in the Capel Coastal Strategy. It might be beneficial to include educational signage relating to indigenous heritage and the environment (in accordance with the Trails Master Plan (Shire of Capel, 2009).

The location and design of the toilet blocks are unobtrusively located. The proposed toilet block at Barndi Walk needs to be unobtrusively located.

The locations of roads and car parks is considered appropriate and no changes are recommended.

The current residential developments are setback from the coast to allow for this.

All new structures and facilities (such as access paths, viewing platforms and picnic areas) have been proposed in areas already slightly disturbed.

The proposed toilet block at Barndi Walk needs to be located in areas already cleared or disturbed.

The FMP does not propose removal of vegetation near water bodies.

The dune reserves within the Study Area are well vegetated. Further vegetation to the east of the residential area (closer to the wetlands) is encouraged.

Access ways from the car parks and residential areas are present and are situated at approximately 150 metres apart.

Some walkways are currently not fenced. All informal paths should be closed and revegetated.

A fenced walkway is provides to the rear of lots at the northern end of the residential area. The construction of a low-scale boundary fencing (approximately 1.6m in height) is recommended between residential allotments and dune reserves.

The pathways are fenced which discourages intrusion onto the dunes.

Fencing exists along roads and pathways in most locations. Upgrading at certain locations is recommended.

Vehicle access to the beach is recommended to remain closed at Peppermint Grove Road and Wave Walk car parks. Vehicle restrictions are also recommended along the beach between Hardey Terrace car park and 150m to the south of Barndi Walk car park.

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The policy recommends that the most appropriate way to deal with the above is through the preparation and implementation of foreshore management plans, particularly by developers. It mentions that the plan should describe the existing environment, the current and future land uses and issues associated with these and management and implementation actions.

2.2

Statement of Planning Policy 2.6 – State Coastal Planning Policy

The State Coastal Planning Policy (SPP 2.6) was published in the Government Gazette in 2003. It sets out objectives, policy measures, coastal plan requirements and a set of revised guidelines for coastal development setbacks. The objectives of the policy are to: protect, conserve and enhance coastal values, particularly in areas of landscape, nature conservation, indigenous and cultural significance provide for public foreshore areas and access to these on the coast ensure the identification of appropriate areas for the sustainable use of the coast for housing tourism, recreation, ocean access, maritime industry, commercial and other activities ensure that the location of coastal facilities and development takes into account coastal processes including erosion, accretion, storm surge, tides, wave conditions, sea level change and biophysical criteria.

The policy measures in this document include the following: Public interest Coastal foreshore reserve Coastal strategies and management plans Environment Development and setback Physical process setback.

SPP 2.6 also outlines the information which should be included in coastal plans and was referred to in the preparation of the Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan.

2.3

Shire of Capel Town Planning Scheme No. 7

The Shire of Capel Town Planning Scheme No. 7 (TPS) was gazetted in March 1998 and zones or reserves land within the Shire. The entire western side of the Study Area which includes the beach and dunes is reserved for Recreation under the TPS. Land zoned for Residential extends along the length of the Study Area. A majority of this area is coded R12.5 except for a portion of land at the northern end which is zoned R5/10. It is important to note that a portion of Lot 9500 (which largely lies outside the Study Area) is zoned R12.5, but has not yet been subdivided or developed. The future use of this land could have implications on the use and management of the beach if the population increases further.

Smaller reserves are scattered through the residential area. Also present is an area zoned Special Use – Various and an area of land reserved for Public Purpose. A portion of land on Hayfield Drive is labelled RP4 in the TPS map. A Subdivision and Development Guide Plan was endorsed for this land in 2006 and it is currently being divided in accordance with this plan.

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The TPS recognises the importance of restricting development on coastal areas, both due to the environmental sensitivity of these areas and their inherent instability. Clause 7.6 of the scheme (Protection of Coastal Area) establishes a minimum 100 metre setback for any development except a public road, footpath or building for the use or convenience of the general public in the absence of any detailed Coastal Management Plan which identifies an alternative setback.

2.4

Greater Bunbury Region Scheme

The Greater Bunbury Region Scheme (GBRS) sets out the broad pattern of land use for the greater Bunbury Region. The principles and functions of the scheme are to: reserve land required for all kinds of public purposes and acquire it as necessary identify non-reserved land and classify it into zones such as urban, industrial or rural control development on reserved and zones land, particularly the issuing of decisions on development applications.

Three different zones are indicated in the Study Area in the GBRS; the beach and dunes are reserved as Regional Open Space, the residential area is zoned Urban and a small amount of land along the eastern boundary of the Study Area is zoned Rural. Land to the north, east and south of the Study Area is also zoned Rural, with areas of Regional Open Space located further to the east. The GBRS zoning in the Study Area is indicated in Figure 2.1.

2.5

Coastal Planning and Management Manual 2003

The Coastal Planning and Management Manual was prepared by the WAPC in 2003 to provide a practical guide to coastal planning and management in WA. It provides information on a broad range of issues which should be considered when managing the coastline such as the following: Common coastal management problems, Techniques for dune stabilisation, Rehabilitation of coastal landscapes, Revegetation methods and Weed management.

A number of principles are described in the manual, the aim of which is to advise readers about the issues which should be considered when managing the coast. These principles are as follows: Sustainable management Identifying the limits of acceptable change Maintenance if ecosystem integrity Consultation Respect for and protection of Indigenous rights, interests, culture and heritage Identification of management objectives Staged management approaches Minimal intervention Site-specific management approaches.

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2.6

Capel Coastal Strategy

The Capel Coastal Strategy (CCS) was prepared for the Shire of Capel in 2005 which aimed to identify the issues and threats affecting the coastal areas of the Shire and provide recommendations and management actions to address these. The purpose of preparing the Strategy was promoted by the recent increase in population, residential development and use of the Shireâ€&#x;s coast.

This report presents the Foreshore Management Plan (FMP) for Peppermint Grove Beach in the Shire of Capel. The Capel Coastal Strategy listed a number of recommendations for the Peppermint Grove Beach, the most relevant being the one described below: Prepare a detailed Foreshore Implementation/Action Plan for the Peppermint Grove area that consolidates, updates and provides a mechanism for ongoing management of the foreshore, based on the Preliminary Foreshore Management Plan (provided in the Strategy). The plan should address as a minimum the provision/need of access at the main Peppermint Grove Beach, the consideration of mechanisms for the rationalisation of informal access tracks between private residences and Peppermint Grove Beach, the layout and function of Wave Walk and ongoing management of the area near the Capel River Mouth.

A number of other management issues and recommendations were also made in relation to the Peppermint Grove Beach Study Area. These are outlined in Table 2.2 below.

Table 2.2 – Management Issues and Recommendations which were outlined in the CCS. Management Issue

Recommendations in CCS

Managing vehicle access to and along the beach (four access points existed and it was predicted that this could create conflicts).

Delineate a vehicle and boat launching exclusion area along the main section of the beach.

Consider the closure of the vehicle access track at Peppermint Grove Beach.

Fence the vehicle access paths at the Hardey Terrace car park.

Reconfigure parking at Wave Walk to allow for parking of vehicles and boat trailers.

Managing use conflicts (the beach is used for recreation such as swimming, relaxing and picnics etc., but also a boat launching area and vehicles are permitted).

Managing pedestrian access (a number of private tracks exist through the dunes which leads to degradation).

Delineate a 200m wide area for boat launching at Wave Walk and continue to permit vehicles to park on the beach within this area.

No consistency within the FMPâ€&#x;s which have been prepared for subdivision and developments and many do not include on-going implementation.

Prepare a detailed Foreshore Implementation/Action Plan for the Peppermint Grove area that consolidates, updates and provides a mechanism for ongoing management of the foreshore, (based on the

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Continue rehabilitation works.

Maintain the pedestrian access paths at the Hardey Terrace car park.

Repair the access track fencing at Barndi and Wave Walk.

Close and rehabilitate informal access tracks over the dunes, and install periodic signage directing pedestrians to formal tracks.

Monitor the use of tracks and the success of rehabilitation following closure, and install low scale fencing if usage is still evident.

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Management Issue

Recommendations in CCS Preliminary Foreshore Management Plan (provided in the Strategy).

Recreation facilities

Remove the dilapidated shade structure at the main Peppermint Grove Beach.

Similar issues and recommendations are also integrated into this management plan.

2.7

Previous Foreshore Management Plans

Two separate foreshore management plans (FMP) have been prepared to facilitate subdivision at Peppermint Grove Beach. The first was prepared in 1989 and relates to the foreshore area at the northern section of Peppermint Grove Beach. The second was prepared in 1991 for the subdivision of the southern section of the beach (McCourt Hills Estate) which included the areas from Lang Cove to Summer View along Hardey Terrace.

The FMP produced for McCourt Hills Estate was fairly brief and did not consist of detailed recommendations to facilitate dune rehabilitation, weed control or erosion control. No long-term objectives or recommendations were provided. As was suggested in the plan, the more heavily eroded dune was recontoured and developed into a car park (now called Hardey Terrace car park). A landscaped picnic area was also proposed adjacent to the car park. The existing pedestrian access path from Summer View was also proposed in the FMP. Recognising the recreational land use conflicts present, the FMP proposed vehicular access from the car park off Lang Cove in order to create an opportunity to ban off-road vehicles north of Lang Cove to Wave Walk. This is essentially the area in which off-road vehicles are currently banned.

The FMP prepared for the development at the northern end of Peppermint Grove Beach is more comprehensive and includes an addendum which was prepared in 1996 to provide updated details regarding the car parks, rehabilitation works, facilities and the location of paths. The FMP suggests that toilets and change rooms and a grassed picnic area can be provided but only when the need arises. It also advises that it is likely that residents will not necessarily need to use these facilities as they will live in close proximity to the beach. The FMP detailed the rehabilitation and dune stabilisation activities up to that date and made recommendations for the short-term. The rehabilitation activities proposed are extremely out-dated in that it proposed the use of weed species to colonise dune systems before native species and also proposed the use of fertiliser. No weed control measures were proposed and no longterm recommendations were provided.

A Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan was prepared in 1996 by a resident. The management plan is a total of 4 pages in length and is not comprehensive. It consists of a short description of the beach reserves and suggests some management actions in relation to access, rabbits, revegetation, fire, plating of exotic species and revegetation. The management plan wasnâ€&#x;t endorsed by Council.

2.8

Shire of Capel Trails Master Plan

The draft Trails Master Plan was prepared in June 2009 with the aim of providing direction for the management and development of trails across the Shire. This is to help the Shire ensure that network of trails are well planned, managed, resources, promoted and maintained. The report provides details of the existing trails (including maintenance recommendations) and the potential new trails (including information on their construction and development).

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The Trails Master Plan identifies a number of new trails throughout the Shire including the Capel to Peppermint Grove Beach trail. The plan identifies this trail as one of the highest priority projects as it is highly regarded by the community. It also states that the informal tracks which exist over the Water Corporation reserve along the Capel River are already well used by the local community. The plan identifies a number of recreational opportunities along this trail including a viewing platform at the high point at the eastern side of the Study Area which overlooks the river, the river mouth, surrounding dunes systems and the Stirling Wetlands.

A canoe trail is also identified in the plan which is proposed to commence at the Capel Vale Winery and extend to the river mouth to the north of the Study Area.

2.9

EPA Position Statements

The EPA has prepared various statements that set out the authority‟s view on various environmental issues affecting the State. The statements generally cover the entire State, however there are several that are specific to the Study Area. These are as follows: Position Statement 3 – Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection Position Statement 7 – Principles of Environmental Protection.

2.10 EPA Guidance Statements The EPA has prepared a series of Guidance Statements. These statements address specific issues, and sometimes set preferred limits for various activities. The statements provide assistance to proponents of development and other decision-making authorities on the expectations of the EPA. Guidance Statements of relevance to the Study Area are as follows: Guidance Statement 33 – Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development Guidance Statement 41 – Assessment of Aboriginal Heritage Guidance Statement 51 – Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia Guidance Statement 56 – Terrestrial Fauna Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia.

2.11 Planning Bulletins Acid Sulphate Soils (64) The bulletin provides advice and guidance on matters that should be taken into account when developing, rezoning and subdividing land that contains acid sulphate soils. Acid sulphate soils are largely a naturally occurring phenomenon and are usually not harmful until disturbed and exposed to air.

They are frequently associated with damp or waterlogged soil not exposed to air.

Planning for Bushfire Protection (FESA and WA Planning Commission December 2001) Planning for Bushfire Protection provides guidelines and performance criteria for fire risk management planning for new subdivisions and related development in rural and in urban-rural communities and townsites. Development proposals are required to be accompanied by information on how proposals will meet the requirements of this publication, including bush fire hazard and land suitability assessment, Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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subdivision and development design in terms of access, building standards, fire services access, hazard separation and building protection zones, water supply, building envelope locations and size, and plans showing fire protection measures.

2.12 Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia This manual was produced by the WAPC in 2007 to provide guidance to planners when addressing visual landscape issues in the planning process. It describes both the visual landscape evaluation method and the visual impact assessment process. It then provides guidance for the siting and design aspect of the planning process, taking into account the range of landscape types and the current and future land uses.

2.13 EPBC Act Policy Statement 3.10 – Significant Impact Guidelines for the Vulnerable Western Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) in the Southern Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia This policy statement has recently been prepared by the Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts (DEWHA) to assist in the protection of the Western Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus accidentalis) which is listed in the EPBC Act as a „vulnerable‟ species. The statement specifically applies to the area between Bunbury and Dunsborough which is identified as one of the most important areas for the possum, due to the presence of dense and productive peppermint habitat.

The aim of the policy statement is to prevent significant impacts on the possum and its habitat. It aims to achieve this by identifying and mapping the core habitat areas, the supporting habitat areas and the primary corridors of habitat. The „significant impact thresholds‟ for each of these areas is also listed to provide a quantitative description on what is considered a significant impact and when an action is proposing to affect these habitat areas.

The habitat mapping in the policy statement indicates that the Peppermint Grove Beach Study Area consists of „supporting habitat‟ for the Western Ringtail Possum. It also forms an important ecological link along the coast to peppermint habitat north towards Bunbury and south towards Busselton.

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Legend

Management Plan Area Cadastre

Regional Open Space Rural

Urban

Waterways

0

200

400

600

800

Metres JOB NO:

Unit 1/1 Alvan St, Mt Lawley, WA, 6050 Postal Address: PO BOX 289, Mt Lawley, WA, 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597 Email: admin@landinsights.com.au

E

1:15,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY: APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

29 Apr 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth Fig 2_1 - Greater Bunbury Region Scheme.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 2.1 - GREATER BUNBURY REGION SCHEME

3.1

Introduction

A consultation program was undertaken to ascertain the views of coastal users and to seek comment from relevant Government agencies. Specific consultation periods included: Provision of a questionnaire in the local newsletter and invitation to provide written comments at the commencement of the Study Seeking comments and input relevant Government agencies and relevant user groups to assist in identifying relevant issues and policy implications Release of draft Management Plan for public review and comment for a 6 week duration Public information evening held in December 2009.

3.2

Previous Consultation

Extensive consultation was carried out during the preparation of the Capel Coastal Strategy. A questionnaire on coastal issues was circulated to all landowners within the Shire. A total of 127 responses were received, the results of which are summarised in Table 3.1 below.

Table 3.1 – Questionnaire summary from Capel Coastal Strategy Question

Most popular responses

Q1. What locality do you live in?

Capel townsite (34 responses) Peppermint Grove (29) Stratham (21)

Q2. How do you usually get to the beach?

Car (vast majority) (94) Walking (44)

Q3. What beach do you usually use?

Peppermint Grove (main beach) (45) Minninup Beach (40) Hardey Terrace car park (40) Forrest Beach (37)

Q4. What is your main activity at the beach?

Swimming (92) Walking (71) Fishing (68)

Q5. What do you like about your preferred beach?

Proximity/access (44) Isolation/quiet (37) Cleanliness (32) Good 4W driving (28)

Q6. What do you dislike about your preferred beach?

4WDâ€&#x;s (48) Non-locals (21) No boating facilities (15) Stingers (14)

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Question

Most popular responses

Q7. What do you want to change about your preferred beach?

Improve facilities (40) Ban 4WD‟s (28)

Source: Capel Coastal Strategy, (2005).

A community workshop was also held in Capel in October 2004 to further gauge the community‟s values, concerns and visions associated with the management of the Shire‟s coastline. A summary of the outcomes from this workshop is contained within Table 3.2 below.

Table 3.2 – Key outcomes from the outcomes of the community workshop conducted in 2004 Category

Theme

Environmental quality (including biodiversity and the good physical state of the environment) Cleanliness Provision of access Lack of coastal development Irresponsible 4WD use Concerns Environmental degradation Over-fishing Creation of unofficial pathways through dune system Ongoing environmental protection Visions Restrict commercial development and ban/prevent over-development Rehabilitation of fore-dunes Source: Capel Coastal Strategy, (2005) Values

In addition, the draft report was released for public comment and several written submissions were received. A Public Information Evening was held during the same period to provide members of the community an opportunity to review the draft report.

3.3

Community Questionnaire

A questionnaire was prepared in during the preparation of this FMP in order to obtain information on the issues, values and visions of the community. It consisted of similar questions to the survey prepared in 2004 (Appendix A) so that some comparisons could be made between the responses. A few additional questions were added; the first related to the management of the bushland reserves located within the residential area and the second related to the identification of native fauna in the area.

The questionnaire was intended to be made available to the residents and land-owners at Peppermint Grove Beach. The questionnaire was included in the Peppermint Grove Bulletin in the February 2009 edition. It was considered that because of inconsistencies with the delivery of mail to personal addresses, that the use of the community newsletter was the most effective method of contacting the local community.

A total of 54 responses were received which are summarised in Table 3.3 below.

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Table 3.3 – Questionnaire summary from the community consultation conducted in early 2009 Question

Most popular responses

Q1. What locality do you live in?

Peppermint Grove Beach (100%)

Q2. Are you a member of the Peppermint Grove Beach Association?

Yes – 28 (52%)

Q3. How do you usually get to the beach?

Walk (17 responses – 79%)

No – 26 (48%) Cycle (1 response – 1.6%) Car (12 responses – 19%)

Q4. What beach do you usually use?

Barndi Walk (15 responses – 24%)) Wave Walk (9 responses – 14.5%)) Peppermint Grove (main beach) (20 responses – 32%)) Hardey Terrace car park (18 responses – 29%)

Q5. What is your main activity at the beach?

Swimming (40 responses – 25.5%) Walking (43 responses – 27.4%) Fishing (20 responses – 13%) Dog exercise (19 responses – 12%)

Q6. How often do you visit the beach?

Everyday (33 responses – 71%) Once a week (4 responses – 9%) Once a month (4 responses – 9%) Other (5 responses – 11%)

Q7. What do you like about your preferred beach?

Isolation/Quiet (39 responses – 11%) Cleanliness (21 responses – 18%) Good access (11 responses – 9.4%) Vehicles restricted (11 responses – 9.4%) Dogs permitted (12 responses – 10%) Protected/Safe (9 responses – 8%) Nature (7 responses – 6%)

Q8. What do you dislike about your preferred beach?

Vehicles along beach (34 responses – 29%) No beach shelters (15 responses – 17%) Dogs on the beach (11 responses – 13%)

Q9. What do you want to change about your preferred beach?

Beach Shelters (19 responses – 30%) Ban vehicles (11 responses – 17%) Better/more signage (6 responses – 9.5%)

Q10.Do you have suggestions on how the bushland reserves can be better managed?

Rabbit control (9 responses – 19%) Maintain paths (7 responses – 15%) Cat control (6 responses – 13%) Weed control (5 responses – 11%)

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3.4

Public Information Evening

The draft Management Plan was released for public comment over a six week period during November and December 2009. During that time, a total of 19 written submissions were received on the draft.

These comments were incorporated into the document as necessary. A Public Information Evening was held during the advertising period to provide members of the community an opportunity to review the draft and ask questions of the report authors.

A draft strategy was released for public comment over a six week period. The consultation exercise undertaken for the advertising of the Draft Strategy included: Referral of the Draft Strategy to members of the Steering Group for comment.

Holding a Public Information Evening on 7th December 2009 at the Peppermint Grove beach Community Hall enabling community members to view and ask questions and make comments on the draft Strategy.

Copies of the draft Strategy were made available for inspection in the Capel library and the Shire office Advertising of notices in local newspapers.

A total of 19 written submissions were received during the advertising period for the draft Strategy. In addition approximately 60 community members attended the Public Information Evening. Many of the submissions provided useful information and local knowledge and have resulted in improvements and modification (albeit minor) to the Strategy. A majority of the submissions addressed vehicle access to the beach for boat launching with approximately half for an half against opening access at Wave Walk for boat launching which indicates a division of opinion amongst community members. Other comments related to shade structures, environmental information, rabbit control, shade structures and vehicle use.

3.5

Steering Group

A number of meetings were held with the Steering Group for the project, the members of which largely consisted of Shire of Capel staff members, Councillors and government agency representatives. The Steering Group were consulted with at the commencement of the project and after the preparation of the draft FMP. Members of the Steering Group included the following: Ms Rae McPherson – Natural Resource Management Officer Mr Shane Faber – Manager Works Mr Jono Wesley – Director Technical Services Mr Bob Evans – Development Engineer Cheryl Campbell – Capel LCDC Councillor Fuller Hill Relevant officers from Department of Planning.

The outcomes of these meetings provided useful background information and a basis on which to consider future options for the provision of facilities and for restoration.

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3.6

Other Relevant Stakeholders

Several state agencies were invited to provide input to the plan such as the provision of background information and indicating the various issues associated with the Study Area. Agencies invited to comment included: Water Corporation Department of Planning and Coastswap Department of Environment and Conservation Professional fishermen.

Further consultation with traditional landowners is recommended during the consideration of any new development or change of land use in the Study Area. Consultation is also recommended during the development of any interpretive signage or other educational facilities at the beach.

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4.1

Introduction

Coastal environments are highly dynamic and valuable ecosystems. They have significant economic value as they form a highly desirable location for residential development and for tourism land uses.

From a social perspective, coastal areas act as a meeting place for families and friends and are places in which a range of recreation activities can take place. Unfortunately in some situations the environmental value of coastal areas is neglected in order to cater for social and economic values.

However, environmental protection is essential given that social and economic values of coastal areas are inextricably linked with the environmental.

4.2

Climate

The climate experienced in this region of Western Australia is described as Mediterranean which is characterised by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. At the Shire of Capel, the mean daily maximum temperatures vary by about 11 degrees between summer and winter (27.8 in February to 16.8 in July). Rainfall peaks at 180mm in June.

During the summer months the dominant wind in the mornings is from the south-east at 10-14 knots, swinging to the south-west at 20-25 knots in the afternoon. During winter the winds are most commonly 10-14 knots with no dominant prevailing direction. During storms winds from the west and north-west can reach 40 knots.

4.3

Climate change

Annual rainfall in the south-west has declined by approximately 10% since the 1970â€&#x;s. Declines have been noted as occurring in autumn and early winter. There has been little change in late winter and spring rainfall, however a slight increase during summer. The intensity of extreme rainfall events is not expected to change. Storm flooding systems should be designed to cater for the historic flood climate, whereas water supply should be assessed using the projected reduced rainfall climate.

Temperatures in WA have increased about 0.8oC since 1910. This is close to the global average increase. The majority of the increase has occurred since 1950. Model projections for a future with increased greenhouse gas concentrations indicate accelerate temperature rises with greater impacts than those experienced to date.

Climate change projections also indicate that an increase in the mean sea level is also likely. The frequency of extreme events will continue to be highly modulated by inter-annual cycles of tides, mean sea level and storminess.

The consequences and rates of climate change are still being debated within the scientific community.

Issues relating to climate change will need to be continually monitored and appropriate measures taken to protect near-coastal and estuarine infrastructure as new information becomes available.

Possible rise in sea level could have an impact on low-lying coastal areas and well established beaches. SPP 2.6 adopts greenhouse prediction based on the Third Assessment Report (2001) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The mean of the median values is used at a sea level

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rise of 0.38 metres in 100 years. Greenhouse gas emissions and associated climatic change may also have an impact on the severity and frequency of storms.

4.4

Marine environment

The near shore bathymetry1 comprises a gentle slope (2-10km) to the 10m isobath2 with a reef barrier and the littoral zone along which sand is transported. Local variations in sand movement and transport result from the uneven distribution of small limestone reefs and seagrass meadows.

The offshore geomorphology has been divided into four categories, as described in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 – Offshore geomorphology Category Vegetated Reef

The reef is visible at low tides at certain locations along the coast. It supports algal growth and molluscan fauna. Debris shed from the reef forms and important component of sediment in the near shore zone.

Vegetated Sand

Small elongated areas of vegetated sand are usually found within sheltered pockets in the reef. The sediment comprises reef derived, carbonate-quartz with very fine sand to gravel-size particles.

Partially Vegetated Mobile Sand Bare Mobile Sand

4.5

Description

Small to large irregular-shaped areas of mobile sand which have a sparse covering of seagrass occur between reef lines and as shore-line corridors between the beach and deeper water.

A ribbon of irregularly shaped sand bodies of low relief normally occur within 200 metres of the beach in shallow (<5 metres) water. Wave and current action is intense, and bedforms such as ripples and sand waves are constantly mobile.

Coastal processes

The coast is one of the most dynamic natural environments. There is ongoing interaction between wind, water and land that produces a number of different landforms and coastal types.

At the broad level oceanographic processes operating on the Capel coastline are determined by the protection that is given by Cape Naturaliste from the predominantly south-west swell and waves. This, combined with the broad and shallow nature of the Rottnest Continental Shelf and off-shore reefs, results in a relatively low energy shoreline. The forces in action include along the coast are explained in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Coastal processes Action Interaction of Wind and Sea

Description The Shireâ&#x20AC;&#x;s coast faces west and fronts the Indian Ocean. The major weather patterns include predominantly westerly winds. Cyclones and northwest gales may disrupt the prevailing system and local breezes prevail at other times. Wind blowing over water generates waves and swells that impact on the coast.

1

The measurement of depths of water in oceans, seas, and lakes.

2

Line connecting points of equal depth, a seabed contour

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Action

Description

Interaction of Wind and Land

When the wind blows onshore it moves beach sand from the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x;s edge inland. This moving sand may be trapped by vegetation and as the vegetation grows, dunes of sand build. The dunes, being reservoirs of sand, may be attacked by storm waves and the sand moved into a sand bar to be later reworked and returned to the shore and the dune. If there is no vegetation, sand may be blown inland to form sand sheets or blowouts. Loss of sand from the beach inland leads to recession of the coast.

Interaction of Sea and Land

The type of landform and geology and the action of the swells and currents largely determines the shape of the coast. The shape of the coast may change after a storm as sand is removed from the beach. Under the influence of the sea, the seabed is swept continually, and sediments are deposited onto the shore.

Storm waves remove sediment from the beach and swell returns the material to shore. If the eroding and building forces are in balance the shore is stable.

Alternatively, if building forces are stronger than the eroding forces, the shore will accrete. If the reverse should occur the shore will recede.

Interaction of Sea, Wind and Land

Over a few decades, if the sea, wind and land are in balance, equilibrium will be achieved and the coast remains unchanged. This balance, however, can be upset by climatic changes, extraordinary weather events, rapid physical changes or interference from human beings. Other forces at work include the interaction of the moon and earth (tides), seasonal changes in wind patterns (winter gales/summer breezes) and greenhouse gas affected climatic change.

Littoral drift

Wind on water creates swell, waves and currents that move sand laterally along beaches and shores. Littoral drift may move sand in one direction for certain months of the year and then this may reverse with changing seasonal weather conditions and move back again.

Sand Budgeting

Coastal managers need to understand the concept of sand budgeting. For example, what sand is entering the beach system and what sand is being lost from the beach system? If sand is being lost from the beach then roads, parking areas and buildings will be damaged or lost. Or, if the beach is accreting (gaining sand) the roads, car parks and buildings become further from the beach and need to be replaced and reconstructed.

Source: Jerramungup Coastal Management Plan (2004)

Tide Levels Water levels in the Study Area can be extrapolated using the measurements which have been made in Busselton since 2002. The Busselton region, located a relatively short distance to the south of the Study Area, experiences amongst the lowest daily tide ranges in the world for a marine coast. Although it has a highest to lowest tide range of 1.2m, the average daily range is only 0.5m, and nearly 0.3m of the tide range is determined by seasonal sea level fluctuations.

Storm events The strong onshore wind conditions which come from the northwest to the southwest largely contribute to the creation of high wave conditions in the area. Sustained high winds in the southwest are believed to occur from five sources:

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1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Dissipating Tropical Cyclones Sea Breezes Extra-tropical Cyclones Pre-frontal Troughs Cold Fronts.

Tropical cyclones mainly occur north of 25oS latitude, and normally have limited influence on this section of the coast. However, severe winds can occur if a tropical cyclones is steered along the west coast.

The most well-known example of such an event is Tropical Cyclone Alby, in April 1978, which caused severe damage to Perth, Bunbury and the Busselton region.

These cyclones have the ability to create extreme winds from the north-northwest through northnortheast, which is not generally associated with other storm types and can create enhanced alongshore transport due to the angle of incidence. It is notable that there have been significantly fewer west coast tropical cyclones observed since the 1970s.

Rip Currents Rip currents are hazardous to beach use and development. The action of waves breaking against a beach pushes water up against the shore. This results in a return flow of water from the surf zone to the adjacent waters further offshore. Under conditions of relatively low wave energy, this return flow is likely to be diffused relatively uniformly along the coast. In the presence of moderate to high wave conditions however, this return flow is likely to be concentrated in rip currents.

It is known that beaches in the Shire experience rip currents throughout the year. This is likely to be most prevalent and severe during winter storms. Rips also form during summer months particularly when the background swells and the sea breezes are quite strong. These are believed to be stronger where an offshore sand bar persists throughout the majority of summer. The presence of an offshore sand bar is believed to increase the set-up of the water against the shore by the waves, in turn, increasing the driving force of the rip currents. As far as hazards to beach users are concerned, the formation of rips during summer is of greatest concern as this is when exposure is greatest.

Active Processes The Capel Coast is sheltered along much of its length by near shore limestone reefs and to a lesser extent by seagrass beds. Nevertheless, there is a net annual transport of sediment from south to north.

Stratigraphic and aerial photographic evidence suggests that accretion has occurred along Geographe Bay for the past several thousand years. The continuing presence of bars providing onshore feed indicates that accretion is still continuing. Seaweed can also accumulate along the beach and in some areas close to Higgins Cut (located to the south of the Study Area) the amount of seaweed can be up to 3m high. This has significant affect on wave action and can act as a significant buffer against erosion.

Seagrass meadows have a significant impact in the attenuation of wave energy. Where the density is heaviest in the south of Geographe Bay, attenuation is high. There is a gradual decrease in the density of seagrass meadows towards the north, where coverage is sparse and attenuation becomes minimal.

Waves constantly change the shape of the coastline as part of a natural cycle of beach erosion and accretion (short-term changes). The winter months are associated with a large number of storms and high wave energy which results in increased shoreline erosion where sand is deposited offshore, often

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in the form of a bar. During the month of summer and autumn, the wave energy decreases resulting in the movement of the offshore bar back onto the beach and the foredunes. The foredune at the rear of the beach forms a buffer which is only affected by more severe storms. In general, the onshore-offshore movement of sediment does not represent a significant loss from the beach system.

4.6

Coastal Changes3

Long Term Changes The coast is subject to continual change and has been changing since the earliest geological time. Over the past 400 000 years the level of the ocean has fluctuated from between 150 metres above and below where it is at present. These rises and falls in sea level correspond to the advances and retreats of ice ages. The sea level has been rising since the end of the last ice age approximately 30 000 years ago and there is recent evidence that glaciers and the ice caps are still retreating/melting, which suggests that sea levels should still be rising. In addition it is generally agreed the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Greenhouse Effectâ&#x20AC;? will result in increasing temperatures within the atmosphere, causing ocean levels to rise.

It should be noted that these movements are extremely slight. For example, a rise or fall in sea level of 100 metres over 30 000 years is in the order of 3.3 millimetre per annum. Although this may seem minute, a 3.3mm rise may cut back a sandy beach by 10 times that amount (33mm).

Medium Term Changes From observations of storm activity on the Western Australian coast it is evident that there are cycles of higher and lower storm intensity. For example, the coast was subjected to storms in 1971-72, again in 1983-84 and 1995-96. There appears to be an approximate 11-year cycle that may be related to cycles of wind movement, the El Nino effect or fluctuations in solar radiation.

The implication of this cycle of storminess is that storm waves attack the coast removing sediment. This may result in steep erosion faces on beaches, destruction of coastal management works such as pathways, fences and carparks and the deterioration of coastal buildings. The best course of action in these instances is for the Shire to take short term action to ensure that people are not harmed i.e. close off damaged pathways etc. With the change of season, sand should begin to accrete on the beach and dune building will recommence. An important consideration is not to overreact by attempting to stabilise the coast immediately.

If any stabilisation work is thought to be necessary then sand renourishment is the best method. This involves the delivery of large quantities of good quality sand along the waterâ&#x20AC;&#x;s edge to advance the shoreline seaward. The worst reaction, which is common on the Western Australian coast, is to stabilise the beach with rocks. Incoming wave energy reflects off the rocks and results in more beach sand being lost by scouring effects.

Short Term Changes Short term changes take place on beaches from summer to winter. Generally, on the Western Australian coast, sand is removed from beaches during winter resulting in narrower beaches. The sand is taken into the surf zone where it forms a sand bar. As the season changes and lighter southerly breezes take

3

Source: Draft Jerramungup Coastal Management Plan

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over, the sand bar migrates back to the beaches and the beach widens again. The wind in turn picks up this sand returning it to the dunes. Coastal vegetation recolonises the new sand and building occurs.

Very Short Term Changes Severe storms can cause massive dune erosion in a short time. They also result in damage to seagrass and large amounts may be deposited on the beach, which can protect the beach from additional wave damage.

4.7

Geology

The Shireâ&#x20AC;&#x;s coastal areas are located in the northern sector of Geographe Bay and forms part of the seaward portion of the Swan Coastal Plain. The area is a broad, open west-north-westerly facing embayment with a low hinterland.

The Shire of Capel is situated on the Swan Coastal Plain which is one section of a deep linear trough of sedimentary rocks known as the Perth Basin, which extends north-south, parallel to the coastline, for over 1000 kilometres from the South Coast to north of Kalbarri.

Exploratory drilling for water indicates that the Perth Basin rocks that underlie the coastal areas of the Shire of Capel comprise the Sue Coal Measures, Donnybrook Sandstone, Cockleshell Gully Formation, Yaragadee Formation and in places the Bunbury Basalt.

In the coastal areas, the abovementioned formations are overlain by the much younger (less than 2 million year old) Tamala Limestone (Qt). The limestone is predominantly aeolian, comprises limestone, calcarenite and sand with minor clay and shell beds, and attains a maximum thickness of 90 metres.

Overlying the Tamala limestone along most of the Shireâ&#x20AC;&#x;s coastal areas are more recent calcareous dunes that are generally unconsolidated and form part of the current beach forms.

Quindalup and Vasse Coast land systems The landform unit in the Study Area is the Quindalup Dune System which is described as follows: Parabolic and nested parabolic sand dunes of Holocene age. It comprises four units: the beach and beach ridge, vegetated linear dunes, vegetated parabolic dunes and mobile parabolic dunes.

The dunes form a natural barrier between the coast and the low lying plain behind.

The Quindalup and Vasse land systems are located on the edge of the Swan Coastal Plain along Geographe Bay forming a narrow strip 1-2kms wide. The Quindalup coast is less than a few metres above sea level.

Peppermint Grove Beach is a continuous beach, backed by a very low foredune system of calcareous sand along the coastline. Behind this is a series of low, very gently inclined beach ridges and flats supporting a Peppermint woodland which has been partly cleared for urban and tourist development as well as previous clearing for agriculture. This system does not normally support good pasture because of low fertility and poor moisture availability. The soils also have poor nutrient retention which typically results in leaching of nutrients from domestic septic systems into nearby water bodies.

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Behind the beach ridges and flats is a long narrow depression (located to the east of the Study Area) which has a high risk of waterlogging. Further to the south (within the Shire of Busselton), this depression consists of the Vasse, Wonnerup and Broadwater estuaries.

4.8

Soil-Landscape Characteristics

The land resources of the Study Area have been previously documented by the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA). The land systems delineate areas of similar soil, vegetation and topographical characteristics (AGMAPS, 2003).

The Study Area is predominantly located within the Quindalup soil-landform unit and the far eastern side of the Study Area consists of the Vasse soil-landscape unit. Further information on soil-landscape characteristics in the Study Area is included at Appendix F. 4.9

Erosion

The Goegraphe Bay shoreline generally experiences erosion directly related to geometric extension of the beach profile at approximately 30:1 to 50:1. This level of erosion is exaggerated through other processes such as sediment loss offshore or alongshore. Offshore sediment loss is brought about as greater depth reduces wave-induced bed stress, making the background swell less efficient at returning sediment towards shore. This creates a general sediment deficit along the coast, which will cause net erosion if it exceeds the active rate of sediment supply to the Geographe Bay coast.

Alongshore sediment transport in Geographe Bay may potentially be affected by disruption of the sand bar feeds on to the coast, changes to the local wind wave regime and changes to the offshore wave climate.

4.10 Acid sulphate soils The WAPC Planning Bulletin 64 indicates that a majority of the Study Area has a moderate to low risk of acid sulphate soils occurring within 3 metres of the soil surface and that the beach has no known risk (Figure 4.1).

Acid sulphate soils contain iron sulphides which are benign unless the soil is disturbed and exposed to the air. The iron sulphides react with the oxygen in the air to result in a series of reactions which produce acids and sometimes, heavy metals. As the presence of acid sulphate soils can lead to an increase in acidity and result in the release of heavy metals, they can have severe environmental impacts and hinder development. Some environmental impacts caused by acid sulphate soils include: vegetation loss surface and groundwater degradation loss of aquatic fauna modification of aquatic communities saltwater mosquito breeding habitats.

The DEC has detailed guidelines on assessing, mitigating and managing acid sulphate soils where they have the potential to be disturbed. These guidelines will need to be followed when any type development occurs within the Study Area.

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4.11 Groundwater The Study Area is underlain by Tamala limestone, which overlays the Superficial Aquifer, which in turn overlays the Leederville Aquifer. The superficial aquifer is unconfined and generally occurs with a thickness of less than 10 metres. The water table occurs at depths up to about 3 metres and is mainly recharged by direct infiltration of rainfall, supplemented in some areas with limited upward leakage from the underlying Leederville aquifer under the Swan Coastal Plain. Groundwater discharges into streams, drains, wetlands, downwards into underlying formations as well as directly into the ocean. Groundwater flow in the superficial aquifer on the Swan Coastal Plain is northwards towards the ocean.

Recharge to the Leederville aquifer is by direct rainfall infiltration on the remote Blackwood Plateau, where the formation subcrops, and by downward leakage from the Superficial aquifer near the Whicher Scarp.

Discharge from the Leederville aquifer generally occurs near the coast into creeks and swamps, over an area that extends several kilometres inland and by limited upward leakage into the Superficial formations. The Lower Leederville contains water of potable quality but that in the upper Leederville near the coast, has a high salt content and is therefore not used as a drinking water supply.

The Tamala limestone aquifer receives high recharge from rainfall and supplies generally fresh groundwater from bores and shallow excavations. Groundwater flow is generally in a north-westerly direction towards the coastline. Recharge to the superficial formation is mostly from rainfall in addition to upward leakage from the underlying formation near the coast. Discharge occurs to the ocean and the wetlands and drains.

The superficial groundwater tends to be fresh with the salinity less than 100mg/L in the Tamala limestone. However, closer to the coast salinities are higher due to mixing with seawater.

The Study Area is located within the Busselton-Capel Groundwater Area, and the Busselton-Capel subarea. A recent draft report for public comment has been released by the Department of Water – the South West Groundwater Allocation Plan (Department of Water, 2008). The groundwater catchment has been “proclaimed” under the Rights in Water and Irrigation Act 1914 and a license is therefore required to extract water from the superficial aquifer. Extracting groundwater from the deeper artesian aquifers requires a license throughout the State.

Groundwater Dependant Ecosystems Water is an essential requirement for all ecosystems and is inextricably linked with the survival of individual organisms. Certain ecosystems rely on the water present in the ground for their survival and are known as groundwater-dependant ecosystems (GDEs).

The following are potentially groundwater dependent ecosystems: terrestrial vegetation; river base flow systems; aquifer and cave ecosystems; wetlands. terrestrial fauna;

Source: DEHWA, Technical Report Number 2, November 2001

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There are no groundwater-dependent ecosystems within the Study Area, but one is indicated to the north of the Capel River (labelled as a representative GDE without vegetation monitoring) in the South west Groundwater Areas Water Management Plan (DoW, 2008).

4.12 Vegetation and flora Vegetation Complexes The majority of the Shire‟s coastal areas have been cleared of remnant vegetation in the past, mainly for rural land uses, but also for urban development at Peppermint Grove Beachand Dalyellup. Narrow strips of coastal dune vegetation remain along most of the coast. In certain areas the vegetation has been degraded as a result of uncontrolled access and dune blowouts.

The vegetation within the Study Area largely consists of the Quindalup vegetation complex, although a small amount of the Karrakatta Complex is also present. A description of these vegetation types is described in Table 4.3 below.

Table 4.3 – Vegetation complexes Complex

Description

Quindalup Complex

The vegetation of the Quindalup dunes is distinct, consisting of two alliances – one running parallel with the foredunes and the other associated with the mobile and stable dunes.

The main species are colonizing groundcovers on the foredunes with Acacia rostillifera and other Acacia spp, Callitris robusta, Melaleuca huegelii and Melaleuca pubescens in a scrub formation. In the southern sectors low forest, woodlands and scrub are the dominant types with Agonis flexuosa, Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart) and Acacia spp as the main overstorey species occurring in protected areas.

Karrakatta Complex

Vegetation consists mainly of Eucalyptus gomphocephala, Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) and Eucalyptus calophylla (marri), with various Banksia spp present.

Dune Vegetation Survey A dune vegetation survey was conducted by the Peppermint Grove Beach Association, Green Corps and the Bunbury Naturalist Club (led by Dr Eleanor Bennett) in April/May 2004 and repeated in October 2004. A total of 35 vascular plant families, 59 genera and 66 taxa (33 of which were weeds) were recorded. The purpose of the survey was to identify areas which required rehabilitation and the areas of conservation significance. The flora species list is included in Table 4.4 below.

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Table 4.4 – Peppermint Grove Beach Species List Species Name Common Name Acacia cochlearis Rigid wattle Acacia cyclops Coastal wattle Acacia littorea Coastal/Shark tooth wattle Acacia saligna Golden wattle Acanthocupus pressii Agonis flexuosa Peppermint tree Alyxia buxifolia Dysentry bush Anthocercis littorea Yellow tailflower Atriplex isatidea Coastal salt bush Austrostipa compressa Austrostipa flavescens Braschyscome iberiditifolia Swan River daisy Cacile maritime Sea rocket Caladenia latifolia Pink orchard Calandrina brevipedata Short stalked purslane Calindrina liniflora Parakeelya carpobrotus Coastal Pig face Conostylus aculeate Prickly conostylis Daucus glochidiatus Native carrot Dichondra repens Diplolaena dampieri Lesser dipliolaena Eremophila glabra Tar bush Eucalyptus gomphocephala Tuart Exocarpus sparteus Broom ballart Hardenbergia comptoniana Native wisteria Hibbertia cuniformis Cutleaf hibbertia Isolepis nodosa Knotted Club Rush Jacksonia horrid Kennedia prostrate Running postman Lepidospermua gladiatum Sword sedge Leucopogon parvifloris Coastal beard-heath Olearia axillaria Coastal daisy bush Pattersonia occidentalis Purple flag flower Pelargonium littorale Poa drummondiana Knotted pea Rhagodia baccata Berry salt bush Scaevola nitida Shining fan flower Spinifex hirsuita Hairy Spinifex Spinifex longifolius Beach Spinifex Sporobolus virginicus Marine couch Spyridium globulosum Basket bush Trachymene pilosa Native parsnip Source: Dune Survey, Peppermint Grove Beach (2005).

4

Location4 Bf, fd, bd, s Bf, fd Bd, s Bd Bf, fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Bf, fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Bd, s Bf, fd Bd Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Bd, s Fd, bd, s Stable dunes Bd Bd Bd Fd, bd, s Bd, s Bf, fd, s Fd, bd, s Bd, s Bf, fd, bd, s Bd, s Fd, bd, s Bd, s Bd Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Fd, bd, s Bf, fd Bf, s Bf Bd, s Fd, bd, s

Bf – Beachfront; fd – foredunes; bd – backdunes; s – swales.

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Rare and Priority Flora Species of protected and priority flora can be classified under the Wildlife Protection Act 1959 if they are in danger of extinction, rare or need special protection. Declared Rare Flora (DRF) are species of plants which have been identified as being rare, threatened or otherwise in need of special protection and are therefore published in the State government gazette as such. Priority flora are also identified by the DEC as species of plants which are poorly known, rare (but not currently threatened) and are being monitored. The conservation codes allocated to native flora on the Declared Rare and Priority Flora list are described in Table 4.5 below: Table 4.5 – Description of the classification of DRF and Priority Flora Code

Name

Definition/description

R

Declared Rare Flora – Extant Taxa

X

Declared Rare Flora – Presumed Extinct Taxa

1

Priority One – Poorly known taxa Priority One – Poorly known taxa

Taxa which have been adequately searched for and are deemed to be in the wild either rare, in danger of extinction, or otherwise in need of special protection.

Taxa which have not been collected, or otherwise verified, over the past 50 years despite thorough searching, or of which all known wild populations have been destroyed more recently.

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) population which are under threat.

Taxa which are known from one or a few (generally <5) populations, at least some of which are not believed to be under immediate threat

2 3 4

Priority One – Poorly known taxa Priority One – Rare taxa

Source: DEC

Taxa which are known from several populations, and the taxa are not believed to be under immediate threat.

Taxa which are considered to have been adequately surveyed and which, whilst being rare (in Australia), are not currently threatened by any identifiable factors.

In December 2008, a search was undertaken by the DEC for the Study Area and surrounds from the following databases: 1.) the Department's Threatened (Declared Rare) Flora database 2.) the Western Australian Herbarium Specimen database for priority species opportunistically collected in the area of interest 3.) the Department‟s Declared Rare and Priority Flora List (this list is searched using „place names‟).

The results indicated that a number of Declared Rare and Priority Flora are present in the Study Area and surrounding land. The exact location of the flora is not disclosed for conservation purposes. The complete results from this search can be found at Appendix B. It is important to identify these flora species within the Shire as their population numbers are very low and they require specific protection in viable environments (i.e. self-sustaining). It is important that areas where these species are located are identified and protected. It is recommended that protection of vegetated dunes and bushland reserves occurs by encouraging people to use formal paths and car park areas rather than disturbing vegetation. Site specific flora surveys are recommended should any

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other development be proposed in the Study Area with the aim of identifying and protecting declared rare and priority flora.

Biodiversity Biodiversity is a descriptive term for the different species of flora, fauna, micro-organisms, genetic material and the ecosystems they form (Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2009). The Shire of Capel is located within the South-west of Western Australia, which is identified as being an international â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Biodiversity Hotspotâ&#x20AC;&#x;. This means that the natural ecosystems in the Shire (as well as other Shires within the South-west) have an extremely high level of endemism and biodiversity.

As the level of biodiversity is an important asset to the Shire, it is important that all future planning and land use decisions take into account the issue of biodiversity protection. Human disturbance to the environment have a variety of impacts on the environment. These impacts are usually cumulative â&#x20AC;&#x201C; that is, the direct impact that development might have on one aspect of the environment has an impact on another aspect of the environment and so forth. In this situation, the residential development in the Study Area has had a direct impact on the environment through clearing of vegetation etc.

Furthermore, as a result of the increase in population, the natural environment is under further pressure from recreation and tourism land uses, which leads to cumulative impacts.

The FMP recommends that residents and visitors to the Study Area be encouraged to use formal paths and car parks and not to disturb dune vegetation. The purpose of this is to help protect the natural environment including its biodiversity, habitat and ecosystem functions. Chapters 6 and 7 of this report provide the recommended actions for coastal management to help achieve this.

Impacts on Ecosystems It is essential for the human race to understand that every component of the environment is linked and supports each other and that if one component is affected, this will have repercussions on other aspects. In some cases, the original impact might be negligible to most, but it is common that these impacts will indirectly impact a favourite pastime or aesthetic quality of the environment.

One important example is the use of vehicles, particularly 4WDs, along the beach. Research at the University of the Sunshine Coast has identified that the use of vehicles along the beach substantially modifies the habitat of intertidal fauna (DPI, 2008). The intertidal areas of bare sand are populated by a variety of invertebrates under the sand. Disturbance of the sand and their habitats cause a decrease in invertebrate numbers which have important roles in the beach ecosystem such as recycling nutrients, breaking down organic matter and also as food for birds and fishes. Naturally, a decrease in the number of invetebrates decreases the amount of food available for birds and fishes higher in the food web, which can result in fewer numbers of these species. Based on the research undertaken on this issue to date, it could be argued that those that defend the use of the beach for the use of 4WDs to access fishing locations might actually be contributing to a lower number of fishes (DPI, 2008).

The above information is reflected in the recommendation in the FMP to continue the restriction of offroad vehicles along the beach. This also helps reduce land use conflicts.

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Habitat Most of the vegetation within the Study Area provides habitat for native fauna species (as well as feral species such as rabbits). Restoration and protection of the remnant vegetation in the Study Area will consequently provide habitat for native fauna.

A number of bushland reserves exist within the residential areas. The information for these reserves indicates that they are vested with the Shire of Capel as a „C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

The coastal reserves along the southern and central areas of the Peppermint Grove Beach Study Area have generally better quality vegetation. They are also wider which means that they extend far enough inland to include different vegetation communities and habitat areas. These reserves generally include Peppermint trees which provide important habitat for the threatened Western Ringtail Possum.

Protection of these reserves from human disturbance (such as trampling, removal of vegetation, spreading weeds, and rubbish dumping) is a priority.

Although located out of the Study Area, it is also important to mention the wetlands located to the east of the Peppermint Grove Beach residential area. The wetlands provide habitat for a number of native fauna species and are and important bird breeding area and transitional areas for migratory birds.

Threatened Ecological Communities Threatened Ecological Communities (TEC‟s) which are defined in the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) as communities which consist of native vegetation which are poorly represented and in endanger of extinction. Therefore, the habitat they provide is also rare or has decreased in extent over the years. It is also possible that some fauna species rely on the presence of TEC‟s in order to survive.

The rarity of TEC‟s makes them matters of national environmental significance under the EPBC Act. Therefore, any proposed activities that could possibly have an effect on a TEC must undergo the approvals process outlined in the EPBC Act and obtain approval from the Commonwealth Minister for Environment and Water Resources.

Threatened ecological communities (TEC‟s) are continually being identified by the Department of Environment and Conservation, so it is highly possible that TEC‟s exist that have not yet been identified.

A search of the Department of Environment and Conservation‟s database indicated that no TEC‟s are present in the Study Area, but one exists within 5km („Eucalyptus calophylla woodlands on heavy soils of the southern Swan Coastal Plain‟ which is classified as „Vulnerable‟).

Vegetation Condition The condition or health of the vegetation in the Study Area was briefly assessed in order to identify the most degraded areas (i.e. those in need of rehabilitation) and the areas which have high conservation value (i.e. in need of protection from further disturbance). The vegetation condition observation was conducted using the vegetation condition scale described in Volume 2 of Bush Forever which classifies vegetation from Pristine to Completely Degraded. The definition of these terms is described in Table 4.6 below.

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Table 4.6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Vegetation condition ratings.

Vegetation condition Pristine Excellent Very Good Good

Degraded Completely degraded

Classification No obvious signs of disturbance.

Vegetation structure intact, disturbance limited to individual species, non-aggressive weeds present.

Vegetation structure altered and some signs of disturbance (as a result of fire, dieback, the presence of weeds etc.)

Vegetation structure significantly altered and obvious signs of disturbance (as a result of frequent fires, some clearing, dieback, high density of weeds etc.). Basic vegetation structure retained and possibility of regeneration.

Vegetation structure severely impacted. Scope for regeneration, but only possible with intensive management.

Vegetation structure no longer intact and almost no native species present.

Source: Department of Environmental Protection, 2000, Bush Forever Volume 2.

The general vegetation condition throughout the Study Area can be described as Very Good to Excellent. Some areas of vegetation can be described as Degraded owing to a higher level of disturbance (such as pathways, interference from rabbits and the high number of weeds). These areas are identified as appropriately in the FMP as priority areas for dune stabilisation and revegetation.

Ecological linkages Ecological linkages form an essential component of a healthy ecosystem. They consist of areas of native vegetation, which link larger or more significant areas of vegetation to one another. Ecological corridors are the physical, existing lines of vegetation which exist between patches of remnant vegetation. Corridors are utilised by native fauna when they travel from one area of vegetation to another.

The most important function of ecological linkages is for the spread of genetic diversity, especially that of fauna species. When fauna species can travel from one ecosystem to another, they increase their chance of sharing genetic material through reproduction, which in turns increases the chance of the survival of their species. The movement of fauna species also helps spread seeds and pollen of certain species of native flora.

Ecological corridors exist throughout the Study Area; along the coastal dunes, from east to west through the residential areas (which link to reserves each of the beach) and north to south through the residential areas. Remnant vegetation within the Study Area also provides an important ecological link along the coast. The east to west ecological linkages through the residential area provides an ecological link to the wetlands and the national parks present to the east.

Environmental Weeds The presence of weeds and introduced flora in natural ecosystems is a significant environmental issue in Australia. Most weeds are capable of colonising and flourishing in the Australian environment (particularly in degraded areas) and generally have the following impacts on the environment:

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Outcompete native flora for nutrients, light, water etc. and prevent their regeneration Influence the ecology and provide habitat to the advantage of introduced fauna species Reduce suitable habitat for native fauna species Affect the natural ecological and physical processes of the environment (e.g. fire regimes).

Weed species were identified in the 2004 vegetation survey. Out of the 66 taxa which were identified in total, 33 were weed species. Identified weeds within the Study Area are identified in Table 4.7 below.

Table 4.7 – Weed species recorded in the vegetation survey in 2004 and their rating.

Scientific Name

Common Name

Galium aparine Bromus diandrus Lagurus ovatus Lavatera arborea

Cleavers Great Brome Hare‟s tail grass Tree mallow

Pelargonium capitatum

Rose Pelargonium

Zantedeschia aethioppica Anagallis arvensis

Arum lily Pmpernel

Arctotheca populifolia

Dune Arctotheca

CALM Rating

Invasiveness

Impacts

Declared Weed High High High High

   

   

High Moderate Moderate

  

  

 Avena barbata Bearded oat Moderate  Cakile maritime Sea rocket Moderate  Centaurea melitensis Maltese cockspur Moderate  Crassula giomerata Moderate  Cynodon dactylon Couch Moderate  Dischisma arenarium Moderate  Ehrharta longiflora Annual veldt grass Moderate  Euphorbia paralias Sea spurge Moderate  Euphorbia peplus Petty spurge Moderate  Galium murale Small goosegrass Moderate  Hypochaeris glabra Flat weed Moderate  Lolium rigidum Annual rye grass Moderate  Lolium temulentum Italian rye grass Moderate  Melilotus indicus King island melilot Moderate  Orobanche minor Lesser broom rape Moderate  Sonchus oleraceus Common sowthistle Moderate  Tetragonia decumbens Sea spinach Moderate  Trifolium camestre Hop clover Moderate  Vulpia bromoides Squirrel‟s tail fescue Moderate Fumaria capreolata Fumitory Mild Medicago polymorpha Burr medic Mild Trachyandra divaricata Onion weed Mild Isolepis marginatus Oxalis corniculata Creeping oxalis Low Stellaria media Chickweed Low Source: Dune Survey Peppermint Grove Beach, (2005) Key: Rating High – this weed is prioritised for control and/or research Rating moderate – control or research effort should be directed to it if funds are available, however it should be monitored.

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Rating Mild – monitoring of the weed control where appropriate Rating Low – this species requires a low level of monitoring.

Weed control mechanisms are included at Appendix C and further information on weed species is at Appendix D. 4.13 Fauna A search for fauna was conducted on the DEC‟s Threatened Fauna database, which includes species which are declared as 'Rare or likely to become extinct (Schedule 1)', 'Birds protected under an international agreement (Schedule 3)', and 'Other specially protected fauna (Schedule 4)'. The results indicated that there are approximately 13 vulnerable and threatened fauna species within Peppermint Grove Beach or a 5 km radius from the Study Area. These are detailed in Table 4.8 below: Table 4.8 – List of Threatened and Priority Fauna from the DEC Database for the Study Area and Surrounding Area Species

Classification

Number of records

Chuditch (Dasyurus geoffroii) Brush-tailed Phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa) Western Ringtail Possum (Pseudocheirus occidentalis) Forest Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii naso) White-tailed Black Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus sp.)

Carpet Python (Morelia spilota imbricate) Pouched Lamprey (Geotria australis)

Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct

Black Bittern (Ixobrychus flavicollis australis) Western Brush Wallaby (Macropus irma) Western False Pipistrelle (Falsistrellus mackenziei) Water-rat, Rakali (Hydromys chrysogaster) Carpet Python (Morelia spilota imbricate) Quenda (Isiidon obesulus fusciventer) Source: DEC (2008)

Proriity Three: Taxa with several, poorly known populations, some on conservation lands

1

Priority Four: Taxa in need of monitoring

11

Priority Four: Taxa in need of monitoring

1

Priority Four: Taxa in need of monitoring

1

Priority Four: Taxa in need of monitoring

1

Priority Five: Taxa in need of monitoring (conservation dependant)

1

1 1 2

Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct

1

Schedule 1 – fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct

3

Schedule 4 – Other specially protected fauna

1

Priority One: Taxa with few, poorly known populations on threatened lands

1

None of the above species were identified during the site visits. However, many of the above species were listed by community members who responded to the questionnaire as animals they have seen in the local area. Anecdotal evidence also indicates that the Capel River is an important breeding area for

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swans. The presence of threatened fauna is particularly important in terms of habitat conservation, rehabilitation and the prevention of disturbance to vegetation. One purpose for reducing disturbance to vegetation and rehabilitation is to increase the amount of habitat available for fauna.

Introduced fauna such as rabbits, cats, dogs, foxes, mice and black rats are likely to be relatively common and livestock such as horses are sometimes present along the beach. Rabbit tracks are particularly common over the dunes and on the beach and evidence of grazing on dune vegetation can also be seen. Rabbits have significant impacts on the vegetation condition and contribute to dune erosion and vegetation disturbance. The Department of Agriculture and food currently conduct rabbit control in the area. Further rabbit control mechanisms should also be used by the Shire to help control this problem. Dogs and horses are permitted on some sections of the beach, as is indicated by the signs at each of the four car parks. Domestic and feral cats are also present in the Study Area. Some community members indicated that they notice cats roaming at night. It is recommended that the promote the use of the cat welfare laws in Peppermint Grove Beach.

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Legend

Management Plan Area Cadastre

High to moderate ASS disturbance risk (<3m from surface) Moderate to low ASS disturbance risk (<3m from surface) No known ASS disturbance risk (<3m from surface)

0

200

400

600

800

Metres JOB NO:

Unit 1/1 Alvan St, Mt Lawley, WA, 6050 Postal Address: PO BOX 289, Mt Lawley, WA, 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597 Email: admin@landinsights.com.au

E 1:15,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY: APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

29 Apr 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth Fig 4_1 - Acid Suphate Soils.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 4.1 - ACID SULPHATE SOILS

5.1

Land status and zoning

The Shire of Capel Town Planning Scheme No. 7 (TPS) indicated that the entire western side of the Study Area (which includes the beach and dunes) is reserved as Recreation. Land zoned Residential extends along the length of the Study Area. A majority of this area is coded R12.5 except for a portion of land at the northern end which is zoned R5/10. Smaller reserves are scattered through the residential area.

The Greater Bunbury Region Scheme shows three different classifications in the Study Area; the beach and dunes are reserved as Regional Open Space, the residential area is zoned Urban and a small amount of land along the eastern boundary of the Study Area is zoned Rural. Land to the north, east and south of the Study Area is also zoned Rural, with areas of Regional Open Space located further to the east.

5.2

Land vesting and tenure

The entire coastal and foredune area along the eastern side of the Study Area is contained within reserves. These are described in more detail below (from the northern end of the beach to the southern end). Reserves are also found scattered throughout the residential area which are also described below. The beach is currently unallocated crown land.

A majority of the reserves have their management orders with the Shire. Most of the reserves along the coastal dunes and within the residential areas are for public recreation or foreshore management.

Small reserves are located through the dunes leading to the beach or from the residential area further inland. These serve as either access ways or for drainage purposes.

Issues with tenure in the Study Area include encroachment of private allotments onto reserves, particularly lots which adjoin the dune reserves and pedestrian access pathways. Current encroachment issues (noticed from site visits and aerial photography) are indicated in Figures 7.2a – 7.5b.

Details regarding tenure for the reserves in the Study Area is provided in Table 5.1 below. Tenure is also indicated in Figure 5.1.

Table 5.1 – Description of vesting and tenure along the foreshore of Peppermint Grove Beach Reserve #/Parcel #

Location

Owner/Management Orders

Land Use/Purpose

R867, Lot 5763

Along the southern side of the Capel River and the northern-most part of the Study Area.

Water Corporation

„C‟ class reserve for drainage purposes.

State of WA

Pedestrian path.

P53621, Lot 402

Narrow strip of land extending from the northern end of Peppermint Grove Terrace to R867.

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Owner/Management Orders

Land Use/Purpose

R 47811, Lot 6274

Dune reserve at the northern end of the Study Area.

Shire of Capel

Foreshore management and public recreation. „C‟ class reserve.

P38214, Lot 6275

Narrow strip of land extending from Peppermint Grove Terrace to R47811.

State of WA

Pedestrian path.

R44897, Lot 5773

Along coastal dunes, including Barndi Walk car park.

Shire of Capel

Foreshore protection and public recreation. „C‟ class reserve.

R49913, Lot 317

Narrow strip of land extending from Peppermint Grove Terrace to R44897

DPI (no management orders)

Pedestrian path.

R45812, Lot 5955

East of Peppermint Grove Terrace.

DPI (no management orders)

„C‟ class reserve for drainage purposes.

P19984, Lot 55

„Cape View Lane North‟ pedestrian path.

State of WA

Pedestrian path.

R43620, Lot 5694

Drainage at eastern side of the residential area.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for drainage.

P17418, Lot 55

„Cape View Lane South‟ pedestrian path.

State of WA

Pedestrian path. „

R41219, Lots 5697 and 5577

Along the coastal dunes.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

P16891, Lot 56

„Bay Crescent‟ pedestrian path.

State of WA

Pedestrian path.

R43618, Lot 5695

East of Peppermint Grove Terrace.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for drainage.

R34334, Lot 5519

Along the coastal dunes including Wave Walk car park.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation.

D69106, Lot 55

„View Court‟ pedestrian access and steps to Wave Walk car park.

State of WA

Pedestrian path.

D65083, Lot 56

Narrow strip of land through residential lots on the eastern side of Peppermint Grove Terrace.

State of WA

P13447, Lot 66

Extension of the road leading to the Wave Walk car park.

State of WA

Access.

State of WA

Pedestrian path. (Currently is not formalised as a path and is partly developed on by the adjoining house. An informal access track exists to the beach)

Reserve #/Parcel #

Location

P13447, Lot 33

Pedestrian access path leading to the beach south of Wave Walk car park.

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Reserve #/Parcel #

Location

Owner/Management Orders

Land Use/Purpose

P13110, Lot 5327

Narrow strip of land extending from Seabreeze Court to the water tank.

State of WA

Access.

R49528, Lot 288

Reserve at the end of Sand Dune Drive.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

P36709, Lot 301

Narrow strip of land extending from the water tank to the reserved area on Hayfield Drive.

Water Corporation

Drainage

R47820, Lots 290 and 6255

Large reserve located east from the residential area on Hayfield Drive.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

R35483, Lots 5269 and 5868

Mt Stirling/Hardey‟s Lookout. North of Peppermint Grove Road.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

R26842, Lots 4938 and 5029

Triangular- shaped reserve south of the playground area at Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

R28996, Lot 4938

Located within the residential area between Peppermint Grove Road and Gwenydd Way.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

R43604, Lot 5696

Along the coastal dunes including Hardey Terrace car park and dunes to the north.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation purposes.

R44233, Lot 5739

The coastal dunes at the southern end of the Study Area.

Shire of Capel

„C‟ class reserve for public recreation and foreshore management purposes.

Adapted from Landgate, 2008

5.3

Existing use and development

A majority of the Study Area is developed for residential land use. Some areas at the northern end are currently being developed for this use. Further inland from the residential area the land is used for rural land uses or is covered in remnant vegetation.

The gazetted purpose of a majority of the reserves is for public recreation and foreshore management purposes (i.e. the beach and a majority of the fore dunes).

Four car parks exist at intervals along the Study Area on these fore dunes. From north to south these car parks are known as Barndi Walk, Wave Walk, Peppermint Grove Beach and Hardey Terrace.

Pedestrian access from all of these car parks is provided. Vehicle access to the beach is provided at Barndi Walk and Hardey Terrace car parks. Formal pedestrian access is provided at a number of locations throughout the Study Area to provide access to local residents. Some informal paths require closure and rehabilitation.

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Recreational land uses Peppermint Grove Beach is a popular site for recreational land uses including the following: Walking Swimming Fishing 4-wheel-driving Boating Horse riding Dog exercise Beach activities Canoeing Picnics and the use of playgrounds Enjoyment of natural surroundings.

Prohibited activities include the following: Camping Fires Bike riding Vehicle access or 4-wheel driving (north of Hardey Terrace car park to the south of Barndi Walk car park) Dog walking and exercise(prohibited in some locations) Horse riding (prohibited in some locations).

Unfortunately, different recreational land uses can conflict with each other. For example, prohibited activities sometimes occur on the beach such as camping and the creation of fires. Other impacts include disturbance of dunes and native vegetation from vehicles, bicycles and informal pedestrian access tracks.

Land use conflicts can also occur between recreational activities and other land uses. The nature of the conflict is influenced by the values and opinions of local residents and visitors and what activities they believe are appropriate for the area. For example, there is some different of opinion amongst some members of the community about whether 4-wheel-driving is appropriate along the beach. Community consultation is important in order to identify land use conflicts and to propose possible resolutions. The recommendations of the management plan aim to focus on reducing the land use conflicts in the area.

5.4

Heritage

The heritage related to Peppermint Grove Beach includes both Indigenous and European history which have a significant impact on the land use and development in the area. The following descriptions are adapted from the Capel Coastal Strategy (2005).

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Indigenous There is evidence to suggest Aboriginal people have inhabited the south-west of Western Australia for at least 38 000 years and possibly as many as 150 000 years. At the time of European settlement, the south-west was occupied by a relatively large semi-sedentary Aboriginal population of several similar tribal groups, known collectively as Nyungars.

The Department of Indigenous Affairs (DoIA) provides mapping to show the location of identified Aboriginal sites and related information. Six sites are located in the Study Area. Details of these sites are provided in Table 5.2 below.

Table 5.2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Aboriginal Heritage Site Name

Site Type

Capel: Minninup (5812)

Skeletal material/burial

Peppermint Grove Beach Burial (15110)

Skeletal material/Burial

Peppermint Grove Beach Reburial (15372)

Ceremonial, Skeletal material/Burial

Peppermint Grove Beach Burial (20056)

Skeletal material/Burial

Capel River (20061)

Mythological, Historical

Harris Family Camp (Capel) (26046)

Historical

Source: Department of Indigenous Affairs (2008)

Development that has the potential to impact on any Aboriginal heritage site (whether discovered or not) is governed by the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972. The Department of Indigenous Affairs suggests that ethnographic and archaeological surveys are undertaken prior to any development to ensure that the provisions of the Act are not breached.

It is recommended that some form of educational information is provided at the beach to make visitors and residents aware of the indigenous heritage of the area. One example is through the implementation of interpretative signage. Consultation with indigenous landowners is recommended during the implementation of any educational information or signage in the Study Area.

The DoIA provides advice to developers regarding any form of development. Specifically, to ensure compliance with the Aboriginal Heritage Act 1972, the department advises that the following occurs prior to work commencing on a site: Consult to identify heritage sites and values. This should include consultation with DoIA, who holds the Aboriginal sites records and specific information and names of Aboriginal people who are likely to have an association with the locations.

Undertake an Aboriginal heritage survey (if it is noted from a desk top review that an adequate survey has not been undertaken for an area to be developed) and include consultation with the Aboriginal community.

Undertake an archaeological survey prior to a development commencing.

Ensure project staff undergo an introduction to Aboriginal heritage, so that they can recognise material that constitutes the types of sites likely to be found.

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If an Aboriginal heritage site cannot be avoided then they should submit an s18 request to the Minister for Indigenous Affairs.

Should an Aboriginal site be uncovered during construction or skeletal material found, work on the site needs to cease immediately. Various approvals need to be obtained prior to work re-commencing.

European The Capel townsite was established the 1800‟s following the discovery of the Capel River in 1834, the development of the timber and dairy industries and the establishment of roads, bridges and the railway line. The town was originally given its Aboriginal name "Coolingnup" (a Nyungar word meaning a swamp where spearwood grows; a watering place), but this was changed from Coolingnup to Capel in 18995.

After the development of the timber industry, a new timber railway opened in 1871 in the Jarrah forests.

Roads and bridges were upgraded and a new bridge was built across the Capel River. The township of 1890's Coolingnup was declared in the late 1890‟s. The townsite was surveyed in the 1870's, but lots were not sold until 1897.

Capel River Bridge

In the 1920's the dairy industries in Capel and Boyanup were consolidated. The Capel Dairy and Boyanup Butter Factory were established during the late 1920‟s, and together with Duce's Vineyard, employed many local people.

The current level of residential development in the Study Area is relatively recent, and in the past the land was used for rural purposes. The beach and dunes were largely undisturbed before the area became a popular residential and recreational area. The Study Area consists of two Registered places of European Heritage which are detailed in Table 5.3.

Table 5.3 – European Heritage Name McCourt Farm Hardey‟s Lookout (Hardey‟s Hill)

Use

Location

Single storey residence

Hayfield Drive, Peppermint Grove Beach

Classified by National Trust

Peppermint Grove Beach

Local Municipal Inventory

Listed as „other‟

Listing Type Local Municipal Inventory

Source: Heritage Council of WA, (2008).

5

Information has been obtained from Tourism Bunbury.

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Legend

Management Plan Area Freehold Land Reserve

Unallocated Crown Land

R 867

Public Road Other

R 49913

R 47811 R 49913

R 44897 R 49913 R 44897

R 45812

R 44897

R 43620

R 41219

R 41219 R 43618

R 34334 R 34334 R 34334

R 49528

R 47820

R 34334

R 36859

R 47820

R 34334 R 35483 R 34334 R 26842 R 26842

R 43604

R 44233 0

200

400

600

800

Metres JOB NO:

Unit 1/1 Alvan St, Mt Lawley, WA, 6050 Postal Address: PO BOX 289, Mt Lawley, WA, 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597 Email: admin@landinsights.com.au

E

1:15,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY: APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

29 Apr 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth Fig 5_1 - Tenure.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 5.1 - TENURE

6.1

Introduction

Coastal management for Peppermint Grove Beach has been categorised based on the different land uses and issues present. Categories include the following: Coastal tenure Coastal processes and management Environmental management Access and fencing Land use and facilities Heritage Community involvement.

The aim of this chapter is to outline the objectives for each of the above categories, the associated issues and to describe in detail the recommended actions to achieve these objectives.

6.2

Coastal Tenure

Objectives The objective for coastal tenure in the Study Area is for the situation to remain as it is, with the exception of the following: To investigate the expansion of private allotments into reserves and the options available to resolve these issues To investigate the possibility of increasing the conservation classification/gazetted purpose of certain reserves in the Study Area from „public recreation‟ to „conservation‟ to facilitate longterm protection of these areas despite how they are currently managed.

Issues As was discussed in Chapter 5.2, the coastal foredunes are located within reserves and generally have their management orders with the Shire of Capel. The gazetted purpose of these reserves is for public recreation and foreshore management. While this purpose is appropriate for certain sections of the Study Area which are primarily used for recreation, it is considered that a majority of the dunes should be protected and managed for conservation purposes.

Narrow sections of land which exist between some private allotments are also reserved and have their management orders with the Shire. The purpose of these reserves is for pedestrian access or drainage.

The reserve at the northern end of the study area which adjoins the southern side of the Capel River is vested with the Water Corporation. The use of the Water Corporation reserve for recreational land uses as proposed in this management plan will require a formal written agreement between the Water Corporation and the Shire of Capel.

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Recommended Actions It is considered that the current tenure and reserve purpose (apart from increasing the conservation significance of some reserves) of the coastal foreshore is appropriate for its future conservation and management.

The recommended actions are as follows: 1. Shire to investigate and determine extent of encroachment into the foreshore reserves of residential land use and structures associated with adjoining lots. Once determined actions to resolve the encroachment should be pursued including re-surveying property boundaries, constructing low-scale fencing along boundaries, removal of structures and rehabilitation.

2. Investigate the possibility of amending the gazetted purpose of certain reserves in the Study Area from „public recreation‟ to „conservation‟ to facilitate long-term protection of these areas despite how they are currently managed 3. The Shire of Capel enter into a written agreement with the Water Corporation which addresses the use of the Water Corporation reserve along the southern side of the Capel River for recreation uses as proposed in this management plan 6.3

Coastal Processes and Management

Objectives The objective for coastal processes management is to aim to address the issues which might arise from the impact of current coastal processes and climate change.

Issues As was discussed in Chapter 4.4, the Capel coastline is sheltered along much of its length by near shore limestone reefs and to a lesser extent by seagrass beds. Nevertheless, there is a net annual transport of sediment from south to north.

Waves constantly change the shape of the coastline as part of a natural cycle of beach erosion and accretion (short-term changes). The winter months are associated with a large number of storms and high wave energy which results in increased shoreline erosion where sand is deposited offshore, often in the form of a bar. During the months of summer and autumn, the wave energy decreases resulting in the movement of the offshore bar back onto the beach and the foredunes. The foredune at the rear of the beach forms a buffer which is only affected by more severe storms. In general, the onshore-offshore movement of sediment does not represent a significant loss from the beach system.

The process of cross-shore transport during storm events is part of the continuous adjustment that occurs in response to variation of the coastal climate. The nature of this adjustment can be altered by human intervention, where effort is made to provide an immobile section of coast. The coastline of Peppermint Grove Beach currently does not consist of any defendable or man-made structures.

The issues of most concern generally relate to the impact that an increase in mean sea level could have on the potential reduction in foreshore width and an increased frequency of coastal flooding. The response of the coastal sediment transport regime, coastal inlets and marine and terrestrial vegetation is more complex to predict but also potentially important (Damara and Shore Coastal, 2008).

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Recommended Actions The principal of adaptation to climate change has been outlined in SMEC Australia (2007) Climate Change Adaptation Actions for Local Government as making adjustments to existing activities so that vulnerability to potential impacts associated with climate change can be reduced or opportunities realised.

It is important to focus effort in coastal areas which have a current erosion trend, a narrow foreshore reserve, low relief and inadequate coastal protection works as they tend to have a low capacity to accommodate the potential impacts of climate change (Damara and Shore Coastal, 2008). In general, it appears that the coastal area of Peppermint Grove Beach does not exhibit any of the above-mentioned characteristics. However, it is recommended that site specific investigations are carried out to determine the stability of this area of the coast and to more accurately determine the distance required to absorb erosion from extreme storm events and from short-term processes such as seasonal erosion and accretion.

A recent study was carried out for the Shire of Busselton coastline (located a short distance to the south of the Study Area) which aimed to investigate the impacts that projected climate change could have on the coast (Damara and Shore Coastal, 2008). The results of this study were adapted and applied to the Study Area. Damara and Shore Coastal (2008) identified the climate change adaptation actions that can be carried out by local government in the Shire of Busselton (adapted from SMEC, 2007). These were as follows: Infrastructure and Property Services: Coastal Infrastructure Recreational Facilities: Provision, Use and Maintenance of Recreational Facilities Planning and Development Approvals: Planning Policy & Development Natural Resource Management: Coastal Management.

Table 6.1 below consists of generalised actions to manage coastal processes and the coastal impacts of climate change.

Table 6.1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Recommended actions to manage the impact of coastal processes Function Infrastructure & Property Services

Recreational Facilities

Present Day Actions Inspection of coastal protection works.

Asset management plan.

Emergency Management Plan (coastal erosion & flooding).

Asset management plan.

Planning & Development Approvals Natural Resource Management

Actions in 2020 Monitoring & maintenance.

Adaptation of existing coastal structures.

New coastal structures or works.

Monitoring and review.

Adapt as necessary.

Monitoring and review.

Adapt as necessary.

Place setback line in planning context (SPP 2.6).

Community education.

Foreshore Management Plan.

Dune Management.

Dune Management.

Beach monitoring.

Beach monitoring.

Adapted from Damara and Shore Coastal, Shire of Busselton Local Environmental Planning Strategy Coastal Impacts of Climate Change, (2008).

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The management recommendations for coastal management are as follows: 1. Prepare an Asset Management Plan focussing on existing infrastructure and recreational facilities in the Study Area and how they can be protected from coastal process such as storm events.

2. Prepare an Emergency Management Plan for erosion control and flooding along the beach.

3. Storm flooding systems should be designed to cater for the historic flood climate.

4. Conduct regular monitoring of the beach and the dune systems.

5. Conduct regular monitoring of infrastructure and recreational facilities along the beach.

6. Conduct a coastal vulnerability and risk assessment for the entire Shire of Capel coast line, taking into consideration climate change and sea level rise in order to obtain an approximate distance for absorbing acute erosion (extreme storm event) and distance to allow for historic trend of erosion/accretion.

6.4

Environmental Management

Objectives The objective of environmental management of Peppermint Grove Beach is to rehabilitate degraded dunes (i.e. through erosion control, weed control and revegetation), protect areas of vegetation with high conservation value and to protect and restore areas which provide important habitat for fauna.

Issues Environmental management is essential in order to offset impacts from human disturbance and to improve the vegetation condition and habitat value for native fauna species. Depending on the particular land use, humans generally have a negative impact on the environment through, for instance, removal of vegetation, introduction of weeds and dune erosion. Environmental management efforts such as erosion control, weed control, revegetation and protection of important areas (such as habitat conservation) can assist in improving the environmental value of the area.

The following are discussed below: Success criteria Habitat conservation Rehabilitation (including dune stability and weed control) Landscape and views.

Appendix C contains a detailed Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan for the Study Area and Figures 7.2a-7.5b indicate the areas which require environmental management works.

Success Criteria The purpose of establishing success criteria is to help determine whether the results of rehabilitation efforts have achieved the ultimate aim of the project. The success criteria will be compared against the results of monitoring. The difference between the monitoring results and the success criteria indicates whether rehabilitation has or is close to achieving its overall aim or whether more work is required to improve results.

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The success criteria for the Study Area is for the vegetation to consist of a similar native species diversity that was described in the dune vegetation survey (2005) and have a low percentage of weed cover (less than 10%). This is expected to improve the overall vegetation condition, improve habitat and improve dune stability, thereby achieving the other aims of environmental management.

Revegetated areas should be monitored once a year in order to determine the species composition.

The success criteria for the different aspects of the plan are described in Table 6.2 below.

Table 6.2 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Success criteria for environmental management of Peppermint Grove Beach Measure

Criteria for action

Response if criteria not met

Target/Success Criteria

Plant diversity

Number of native species in revegetated areas.

Species diversity of native plants is greater than on previous occasion.

Carry out more revegetation (preferably different species).

Over 85% native species diversity as described in the dune vegetation survey (2005).

Shire of Capel

Plant density

Percentage cover of native plants.

Cover of native plants is more than on previous occasion.

Carry out more revegetation to increase density.

Native plant species cover most of the dunes in order to increase stability.

Shire of Capel

Weeds

Percentage cover of weeds.

Cover of weeds is less than on previous occasion.

Carry out appropriate weed control depending on species present.

Approximately 5%10% cover.

Shire of Capel

Recreational facilities (paths, amenities etc.)

Condition (structural integrity, vandalism, damage etc.).

Meets acceptable safety standards, not damaged in any way.

Repair, replace etc.

100% structural integrity and no damage or vandalism.

Shire of Capel

Other facilities and structure (eg. signs, fencing etc.)

Condition (structural integrity, vandalism, damage etc.).

Meets acceptable safety standards, not damaged in any way.

Repair, replace etc.

100% structural integrity and no damage or vandalism.

Shire of Capel

Element

Responsibility

Habitat Conservation It is considered that a majority of vegetation within the Study Area provides suitable habitat for various species of native fauna. Habitat conservation includes the protection of dune vegetation, bushland reserves and other areas of remnant vegetation within the Study Area. This can be achieved through the implementation of pedestrian and vehicular control (as is discussed below) and rehabilitation of dunes (also discussed below) in order to prevent human disturbance to remnant vegetation and to restore degraded areas.

Protection of habitat for the threatened Western Ringtail Possum and other threatened species is of particular importance. These habitat areas are generally situated further inland behind the foredunes

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where Peppermint trees exist. Pedestrian access and vehicular control can help protect areas of remnant vegetation and habitat for native fauna. Should bushland reserves show evidence of repeated disturbance then they should be fenced. Tree planting within dunes areas and along road reserves can improve the habitat value and provide ecological corridors.

It is evident that a significant population of rabbits inhabit the dune vegetation. They contribute to dune erosion, destruction of native vegetation, spread of weeds and compete with native fauna for habitat and resources. Feral and domestic cats are also known to inhabit the area. Environmental management actions such as revegetation will help increase the habitat for native fauna but rabbit and cat control is also necessary to assist in conservation. Rabbit control fencing should be erected along pedestrian pathways and it is recommended that the Shire promote the cat welfare laws in the Study Area.

Rehabilitation Rehabilitation and restoration involves a combination of revegetation, weed control and erosion control activities. Refer to Appendix C for the Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan which includes the following information: Dune stabilisation Plant propagation Direct seeding Planting of seedlings Planting of cuttings Natural regeneration Priority areas Weed control.

The results of the 2005 dune vegetation survey have been integrated into the plan. Please note that specific methods in the plan can be modified and adjusted as new information becomes available, through the integration of local knowledge and depending on the specific circumstances and conditions of the time.

The specific areas which require rehabilitation are indicated in Figures 7.2a-7.5b. The priority assigned to each rehabilitation area is also indicated on the plans. The definition for high, medium and low priority is defined as follows: high priority requires immediate action medium priority is recommended following rehabilitation in high priority areas, but is still fairly urgent low priority is less urgent and more applicable for the long-term management of the beach.

In general, the areas with high priority are areas where pedestrian paths are to be realigned, along informal pathways and alongside current pathways and car parking areas.

Long-term rehabilitation will occur over a period of approximately 10 years. This requires the rehabilitation of low priority areas, the maintenance of previously restored areas and the continued Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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protection of vegetation from human disturbance to allow natural regeneration to occur. This process also requires the integration of community education and involvement, monitoring of facilities and access (such as fencing) and ensuring that weed control and rehabilitation occur as soon as disturbance occurs.

Path behind private allotments where it intersects with the Cape View Lane South pedestrian path.

Revegetation and weed control is recommended in this area.

Dune rehabilitation currently underway at Wave Walk. It is recommended that this continue to prevent dune erosion.

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Landscape and Views The entire Study Area offers a variety of different views as a result of its location (on the coast), its varied topography and the natural environment. It is considered that the landscape and views at Peppermint Grove Beach greatly contribute to its popularity for both holiday and permanent resident accommodation.

The more disturbance which occurs to the natural environment the less it will be valued, not only for conservation reasons but for aesthetic purposes as well. Protection of the environment, education and rehabilitation will help preserve the landscape and views of the Study Area.

The proposed lookout points/viewing platforms on the Water Corporation Reserve at the north-east corner of the Study Area and at Mt Stirling/Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x;s Lookout aim to take advantage of the views obtained from within the Study Area. Interpretative signage at these points is also recommended to educate visitors about the natural environment.

Recommended Actions The following actions are recommended in terms of environmental management in the Study Area: 1. Ensure that dune areas are not disturbed/trampled by people and vehicles (i.e. that pedestrians keep to the designated tracks) 2. Close informal tracks and revegetate.

3. Monitor dunes located close to residential lots to ensure that vegetation is not removed and that backyards are not encroaching.

4. Conduct dune stabilisation where tracks are to be realigned (such as Periwinkle Place) and where tracks are to be formalised (such as Wave Walk pedestrian access) or removed (informal tracks).

5. Conduct revegetation in priority areas first (such as informal tracks and where pathways are being realigned) 6. Conduct weed control in priority areas first such as along pathways and disturbed areas.

Follow up with revegetation.

7. Encourage long-term rehabilitation techniques such as constant weed control, revegetation of exposed dunes, monitoring and ensuring vegetation is not disturbed.

8. Ensure that habitat for native fauna is protected by erecting signage and fencing bushland reserves that show evidence of disturbance and through revegetation.

9. Conduct feral animal control.

10. Conduct regular monitoring (particularly weed monitoring, erosion monitoring etc.).

11. Conduct regular maintenance (such as repairing fences and signs which protect vegetation, weed control, watering young plants if necessary, etc.).

12. Prohibit vehicular use along the beach (excluding the 150 metre wide boat launching zone south of Barndi Walk) to prevent disturbance to the intertidal ecosystem and to minimise impacts higher in the food web such as birds and fish.

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13. Ensure bushland reserves within residential areas are protected from human disturbance. This may require the implementation of fencing, particularly at points which are adjacent to houses and roads.

14. Identify Shire reserves in the Study Area as â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Cat Prohibited Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x; in accordance with the Keeping and Welfare of Cat Local Law to ensure that cats have minimal impact on the environment.

15. Monitor rabbit numbers throughout the Study Area and the impact upon revegetation efforts.

Undertake appropriate control as required.

6.5

Access and Fencing

Objectives The objective in relation to access and fencing is to reduce the level of disturbance to the environment (which will in turn reduce the area that requires management in the future) through access control (depending on the type and the level of impact) and to manage the impacts associated with access within the Study Area.

Issues The beach is accessed by the local residents at Peppermint Grove Beach, tourists and visitors from the surrounding area. It can be accessed by a variety of means depending on the particular activity or land use undertaken on the beach. For example, the beach can be accessed by walking, bike-riding, horses riding and driving vehicles.

Four car parks are located throughout the Study Area, two of which provide vehicular access to the north and south of the beach. All car parks have pedestrian access to the beach. Additional pedestrian access tracks are located throughout the Study Area to provide access from the residential area to the beach. These tracks are located approximately 150-200 metres apart. Appendix E contains a compilation of photos taken at each of the access points to the beach and the management recommendations for each.

The issues associated with access and fencing are described below in the following sections: Car parks Off-road vehicles Boat launching Pedestrian access Horses Access Control Fencing.

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Car Parks The Study Area consists of 4 car parks along the coast. From north to south, they are as follows: Barndi Walk Wave Walk Peppermint Grove Beach Hardey Terrace.

All four car parks are bituminised (Wave Walk and Barndi Walk being the most recent) and a number of other facilities exist at each car park such as pedestrian access paths, toilets and showers.

Small car parking areas are also provided at the beginning of certain pedestrian access paths throughout the Study Area. These parking areas can be found at the northern end of Peppermint Grove Terrace, further south near Bila Close, further south again at Ocean Blue Loop, at Cape View Lane North and at the pathway at Periwinkle Place.

Wave Walk car park Off-road vehicles The use of off-road vehicles on the Shireâ&#x20AC;&#x;s beaches is a popular activity. Vehicles also need to be driven onto the beach to facilitate boat launching. However, the increasing permanent and tourist/holiday population of the Shire is resulting in increased demands for beach access for a range of other recreational activities, such as swimming, relaxing on the beach and fishing.

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Issues associated with uncontrolled off-road vehicle access (including motorbikes) to the coast include: Degradation of dunes and dune vegetation and associated instability.

User conflict â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the perception of those who wish to use the coast/beach for more passive forms of recreation (swimming, relaxing etc) is that off-road vehicles are an unacceptable intrusion.

Safety concerns, particularly to children in more heavily-used areas.

Disturbance of beach sand which has an impact on intertidal fauna (i.e. invertebrates) which has a cumulative impact on fauna higher in the food web (such as birds and fish).

Prior to the preparation of the Shireâ&#x20AC;&#x;s Capel Coastal Strategy, all 4 car parks in the Study Area had vehicle access to the beach. The Strategy recommended that a vehicle exclusion zone be created through the middle section of the beach. This resulted in the closure of the vehicle access points at Peppermint Grove Beach and Wave Walk car parks.

It should be noted that the results of the recent questionnaire to local residents indicated that 34% of respondents disliked vehicles along the beach. It is also important to note that 6% of respondents indicated that their main activity on the beach is 4 wheel driving where as 25.5% and 27.4% listed swimming and walking as their main activity respectively. These results support the continued restriction of off-road vehicles along the beach to help reduce land use conflicts.

Restricting vehicle access to the beach in popular passive recreation areas should not unduly inconvenience off-road vehicle users, who will still retain the majority of the coastal beaches for off-road vehicle use.

Boat launching Boating is a popular activity in the Shire, particularly during peak holiday times. The boat launching zone recommended in this plan includes the area of the beach 150m to the south of Barndi Walk car park. This is consistent with the recommendations in the 2009 Beach Access Discussion Paper prepared by the Shire of Capel. Boat launching access areas are reviewed annually by the Shire.

Areas chosen for boat launching are dependent on population and environmental impacts as well as boating needs. Feedback from the community consultation undertaken as part of this project has indicated that boat launching is difficult at Barndi Walk where it is currently permitted and that they would prefer to do so at Wave Walk.

There are no constructed boat ramps within the Study Area, with launching occurring directly from the beach north of Barndi Walk where vehicle access is currently available. It is not recommended that a boat ramp is established.

Pedestrian Access Pedestrian access is available in many locations along the Study Area in locations where formalised paths and facilities have been provided by the Shire. They are located approximately 150-200 metres apart and can be found at each car park as well as throughout the residential area.

Pedestrian paths can also be constructed out of the following materials: Crushed limestone Natural sand Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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Timber boardwalks Timber steps Board and chain walkways.

Many of these formalised paths are cemented for much of their length and have low fencing on either side. Some exceptions are the pedestrian paths at Peppermint Grove Beach car park which are fenced but not cemented and the path at Wave Walk which is not formalised or fenced. Natural sand should remain as the surface of pedestrian paths at Peppermint Grove Beach and Wave Walk car parks. This creates a point of difference and adds to the character of these locations. It is also recommended that natural sand remains at the end of many other access paths throughout the Study Area. Natural sand is also easier to manage than hard structures such as concrete, particularly on mobile dunes.

Steep paths and timber steps Due to the natural topography of the dunes, some of the pedestrian access paths have a very steep incline. This can be an issue to those who are unstable on their feet and is a safety issue, particularly since no signs are present to warn pedestrians of the nature of the slope. It is therefore recommended that Council consider replacing steep concrete paths with timber steps. These make it easier to climb the dunes, reduces disturbance to the dune, allows native plants to grown underneath, allows for primary dune movement under the steps (which reduces problems with sand covering paths) and suits the character of the coastal landscape. Timber steps are usually recommended where the slope is greater than 1 vertical to 4 horizontal.

It is understood that the Council is hesitant about replacing steep concrete pathways with timber steps.

One of these reasons is because it does not provide for disabled access. While it is desirable that disabled access is provided, it should be noted that the natural topography of the area poses some constraints on the ability to provide disabled access without significant modification to the landscape. It is also considered unlikely that disabled people will opt to use a path with such a steep incline.

Pedestrian pathways are located approximately 150 metres from each other and some pathways have more gradual inclines. Therefore, a number of access points exist in the study area that are more suitable for disabled access.

It is recommended that use of steep pathways is monitored to determine the number of people using them and whether any safety concerns are expressed. These paths should be replaced with timber steps should the results of monitoring indicate that the paths are unsafe. They should also be replaced if significant dune movement has occurred and if the path becomes covered in sand.

Path realignment It is recommended that should any paths need to be realigned or new paths created, that they should be aligned at right angles to the dunes. This will assist in reducing sand which is blown over paths and will reduce risks of blowouts. Current paths which might need to be realigned include those which are currently being covered in sand from wind erosion of dunes. These are indicated in Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

Disabled access The Shire is required to ensure that new access ways and facilities meet Australian design standards for handicap purposes. The nature of coastal areas makes the provision of disabled access challenging (e.g. most pedestrian access paths through the dunes at the beach are steep and most likely unsuitable for disabled access), however it should be provided for wherever possible. The possibility of providing Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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disabled access at all pedestrian access points should be investigated. However, while it is desirable that disabled access is provided at these locations, it should be noted that the natural topography of the area poses some constrains on the ability to provide disabled access without significant modification to the landscape.

Informal pathways There are also a number of informal pathways which lead over the dunes from private residences which exist despite the numerous formal tracks that have been provided. The location of these informal tracks are indicated in Figures 7.2a-7.5b. It is recommended that these are closed and rehabilitated.

An exception to this recommendation is an informal track which has been created leading from Peppermint Grove Road and extending between the dunes and the rear of private residences which provides access to Gwenydd Way. It is recommended that this access track remain as it is as it does not currently appear to be causing significant dune disturbance and provides access to residences to the Peppermint Grove Beach car park. The use and stability of the track and adjoining vegetation will need to be monitored and it is recommended the track be closed or managed appropriately if degradation is evident.

Water Corporation pathway Informal tracks also exist throughout the Water Corporation reserve along the Capel River. It is recommended that certain sections of this track are formalised to prevent further dune disturbance and that other informal tracks are closed and revegetated. The track should provide access to the river (for fishing purposes) and should extend to the high point at the north-east corner where a viewing platform can be provided.

The recommendation to formalise the track over the Water Corporation reserve and the possible provision of a viewing platform is consistent with the recommendations in the draft Shire of Capel Trails Master Plan (2009a). The plan identifies the proposed trail leading from Capel to Peppermint Grove beach as one of the highest priority projects. It is understood that the formalisation of this track is highly desired by the local community.

Mt Stirling pathway Formal pedestrian access is also recommended towards the top of Mt Stirling. Access can be obtained at Peppermint Grove Road where the new fire emergency track begins. It is recommended that a pedestrian track is extended from the fire access track to provide access to the top of the hill. The possibility of providing disabled access at all pedestrian access points should be investigated, although not to the detriment of the natural landform and topography.

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Pedestrian path at Periwinkle Place showing the amount of sand build-up and the disappearance of the path and fence under the sand. It is recommended that the path is realigned and new fencing erected..

Pedestrian access path at Cape View Lane North. It is recommended that the path is realigned and new fencing erected.

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Pedestrian access path at Wave Walk which requires formalisation, fencing and dune stabilisation.

Horses There are several horse training facilities located in close proximity to the coast to facilitate easy exercising of horses. Currently horse riding is not permitted along the beach. The Shire has implemented signs at each pedestrian access point and car park which indicates that horses are not permitted on the beach.

Access Control It is considered that in light of the closure of vehicle access points at Peppermint Grove Beach and Wave Walk that off-road vehicle use along the beach is better controlled than in the past. This also helps reduce the land use conflicts along the beach. Vehicle access can lead to safety conflicts if access points are located in close proximity to pedestrian areas, as is the case at Hardey Terrace car park. Therefore, not only does it help reduce land use conflict, closed vehicle access is considered beneficial from a safety aspect as well.

However, it should be noted that some beach users have observed vehicles driving along restricted areas occasionally. This problem tends to be worse during the holiday periods and long weekends.

Professional fishermen are permitted to access some areas of the beach between Peppermint Grove Beach and Wave Walk and it has been noted that visitors and beach users sometimes become confused by this arrangement and mistake the areas in which vehicles are restricted. This can lead to land use conflicts between other beach users and between beach users and professional fishermen. It could be beneficial to implement signage along the beach to inform beach users that the area is used by professional fishermen and to remind them that vehicles are restricted in the area (except those used by professional fishermen who have different restrictions). However, signage of this nature can be unsightly and should only be erected if the problem is persistent.

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Beach access to the beach along the entire coastline within the Shire has been recently discussed in the annual beach access report to Council (2009 Beach Access in the Shire of Capel). This report presented a few options to the Council in relation to beach access at Peppermint Grove Beach. The report indicated that while boat launching is permitted to the north of Barndi Walk, this sometimes proves to be difficult due to the rocks in the water and an increased ocean swell. It suggested that the boat launching area be extended 150 metres to the south of the vehicle access at Barndi Walk (Shire of Capel, 2009b). This recommendation has been incorporated into this report. Boat launching access areas are reviewed annually by the Shire. Areas chosen for boat launching are dependent on population and environmental impacts as well as boating needs.

Pedestrian access to the beach is generally well-controlled. Pathways are provided at each car park as well as at various locations throughout the residential area at intervals of approximately 150-200 metres.

It is considered that residents do not have to walk far in order to reach a formal pathway. Therefore, there should not be any reason why informal tracks exist through the dunes from private residences.

These tracks should be closed and rehabilitated and the community educated and encouraged to use formal pathways, particularly those who will inhabit the new residences in the northern end of Peppermint Grove Beach (because informal access tracks have not been established in this area yet and it is better to prevent to problem from occurring rather than to attempt to reverse it once it has already happened) and tourists.

The exclusion of horses and dogs along areas of the beach should continue. Currently, horse riding is prohibited along the entire beach, but dog exercise is permitted in some areas during certain times of the year.

Example of an informal access rack through the dunes from a private residence.

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Fencing The paths, dunes and access points along the beach are relatively well-fenced, although they are constructed out of a range of materials and are in different states of repair. Examples of fencing along the beach include: Concrete posts are linked together with a row of metal piping. Some of the posts have been vandalised and are cracked Metal posts linked together with metal piping Wooden posts linked together with metal piping Pine posts linked together with pine logs.

In some cases, the fencing has been vandalised or is in need of replacement from age. For example, concrete posts have been smashed and cracked in some locations and in other areas the pipe has been bent or broken.

Some new fencing has been erected along the dunes at the Peppermint Grove Beach car park adjacent to the picnic and playground area to prevent disturbance to the dunes. This fencing is of high quality and is constructed out of wooden posts and wire mesh. The quality of this fencing will hopefully act as a successful deterrent to prevent people from encroaching onto the dunes.

It is recommended that fencing is replaced in some areas for a number of reasons, mainly due to present damage, sand coverage or for aesthetic reasons.

Additional fencing is recommended in some areas in order to direct pedestrians along access paths and to prevent further disturbance to the dunes. Fencing is recommended for the pedestrian access paths at Wave Walk and Peppermint Grove Beach car parks.

Low-scale ringlock fencing (to a height of approximately 1.6 metres) is recommended along the property boundaries between private allotments which adjoin the dune reserves. This is due to the extension of some private backyards and disturbance of native vegetation. The areas where fencing is recommended to be added or replaced is shown in Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

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Existing fencing around the Wave Walk car park should be replaced if signs of disturbance from vehicles and pedestrians is identified.

Fencing around Hardey Terrace car park should be replaced.

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Pedestrian access path at Wave Walk which requires fencing.

Example of private backyards extending into dune vegetation. Low-scale fencing is recommended along these lot boundaries.

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Example of broken fencing which is a common occurrence along the pedestrian access paths.

Recommended Actions The management recommendations in relation to access and fencing are as follows: 1. Keep the vehicle access at Peppermint Grove Road car park and Wave Walk car park closed.

2. Continue the vehicle restriction area north of Hardey Terrace car park and south of Barndi Walk (except the 150 metre boat launching zone south of Barndi Walk).

3. Delineate a 150 metre-wide area for vehicle access and boat launching to the south of Barndi Walk car park.

4. Prohibit vehicle access at the Capel River mouth.

5. Formalise the track over the Water Corporation drainage reserve along the Capel River to allow pedestrians to access the viewing platform at the north-west corner of the Study Area and the fishing locations along the southern banks of the river.

6. Monitor the beach (encourage the community to assist) to ensure off road vehicles do not use the central section of the beach.

7. Fence identified paths and vehicle access tracks where indicated on the Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

8. Replace or upgrade fencing along pathways and at car parks where indicated on the Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

9. Maintain formal pedestrian walkways to the beach and along the dunes.

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10. Close informal tracks and discourage their use. Rehabilitate and monitor closed tracks.

11. Monitor concrete pathways to determine their use, safety and the dune movement around them. Consider replacing paths with steep slopes with timber steps and handrails.

12. Realign paths identified on the plan.

13. Construct boundary fencing between private property and dune reserves to prevent encroachment.

14. Maintain the informal pathway behind the private allotments south of Peppermint Grove Beach car park. Monitor the stability of the track and the adjoining vegetation and if degradation is evident the track should be closed or managed appropriately.

15. Investigate the most appropriate path alignment for a track through Reserve 35483 from Maarli View to Peppermint Grove Terrace which is a direct route but results in the least amount of vegetation disturbance. Delineate the pathway once it is determined to make the public aware.

6.6

Land Use and Facilities

Objectives The objectives of land use control and facility management is to achieve the following: ensure that existing and potential land use conflicts are identified and management actions recommended ensure that facilities provided are adequate to provide for each population scenario and the different recreational activities ensure that the provision of facilities and the resolution of land uses conflicts can also assist in environmental management.

Issues Peppermint Grove Beach is used for a number of recreational purposes by local residents and visitors to the area. It is inhabited by permanent residents (who utilise the beach throughout the year), absent home-owners who visit during holidays and tourists. This means that during peak periods the beach is used by a larger number of people who are likely to have different recreational pursuits.

The management recommendations relate to the following issues which are discussed further below: Existing land use Recreational facilities Rubbish and waste Land use conflicts Toilets, picnic and playground facilities Signage.

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View from the proposed lookout point on the Water Corporation reserve at the north-east corner of the study area (note the Capel River to the left, the wetlands to the right and the Tuart forest in the distance).

Existing Land Use As discussed in Chapter 5.3, Peppermint Grove Beach is highly valued for its recreational potential, including the following uses: Walking Swimming Fishing 4-wheel-driving Boating Dog exercise Beach activities Canoeing Picnics and the use of playgrounds Enjoyment of natural surroundings.

Other uses located within the Study Area include residential, community uses (such as the community hall), tourism (such as the caravan park) and infrastructure (such as the Water Corporation water tank).

It should be noted that the caravan park has been closed in the past few years pending a development application to modify and expand the use of the site for tourism purposes.

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Recreational Facilities The facilities provided at Peppermint Grove beach was also discussed in Chapter 5.3. A description of the existing use and development at each car park, as well as a list of current facilities and possible future recommendations is shown in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 – Summary of the facilities and existing use at each car park.

Location

Upgrades and Maintenance Recommended The vehicles access should be extended 150 metres to the south.

Revegetation recommended, as well as interpretative signage and new fencing along the vehicle access and around the car park.

A new toilet block is recommended for the car park.

Facilities

Change since CCS

Barndi Walk

Bituminised car park Boat ramp Bins Pathway to beach Pathway behind foredunes Signage

Minimal changes since 2005. New signage has been implemented.

Wave Walk

Bituminised car park Gravel turning circle for vehicles Boat and vehicle access to beach closed Pathway to beach – not formalised, no fencing Toilets Shower Signage

A majority of the car park has been bituminised except for the vehicle turning circle. The vehicle access to the beach has been closed.

New signage has been implemented.

The toilets and shower facilities need upgrading.

The pedestrian access path needs to be formalised and fenced to prevent further dune disturbance Provide additional signage to advise of vehicle restrictions.

Peppermint Grove Beach

Older, bituminised car park Bike racks School bus-stop Toilets Shower Water fountain Boat and vehicle access to beach closed Pedestrian access Grassed area Picnic benches and seats under shade Playground New fencing along dunes and picnic area.

The vehicle access to the beach has been closed and a new fence line has been erected between the dunes and the picnic and playground to limit disturbance on the dunes.

New signage has been implemented.

Provide grassed area closer to the toilet block for picnics.

Extend the shade area at the BBQ area Provide further BBQ‟s and picnic benches Consider the provision of a mobile kiosk.

Carry out further dune stabilisation along the beach near the picnic area and the pedestrian pathways.

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Location Hardey Terrace

Facilities

Change since CCS

Older, bituminised car park Boat and vehicle access permitted Pedestrian access Bins Signage

Very little change has occurred in this car park over recent years.

New signage has been implemented.

Upgrades and Maintenance Recommended General maintenance is recommended, particularly along the paths and the fence lines.

Realign the beach access path Remove the fence and bollards under the sand and replace fencing along pedestrian access path and around the carpark.

The most significant changes in facilities since the Capel Coastal Strategy was prepared are as follows: The closure of vehicle access at Peppermint Grove Beach and Wave Walk The implementation of new signage along the entire Study Area New fences along the picnic and playground area at Peppermint Grove Beach Bituminised car park at Wave Walk.

Despite these improvements, it is considered that a number of improvements can be made in relation to recreational land use in the Study Area. These are as follows: Formalising the pedestrian path at Wave Walk.

Extend the vehicle access area 150m to the south of Barndi Walk car park to allow for boat launching in this area.

Repairing or re-creating/re-aligning certain paths where they have been damaged or covered in beach sand.

Implementing additional picnic benches and BBQâ&#x20AC;&#x;s at Peppermint Grove Beach car park (including the addition of the grassed area near the toilets).

Consideration of allowing a mobile kiosk in the Study Area, subject to the results of a separate feasibility assessment and the provision of a licence to a vendor. The most likely location will be at Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

The provision of grassed picnic areas at Peppermint Grove Beach has proven popular and the desire for further facilities was conveyed in community consultation during the preparation of the Capel Coastal Strategy and this management plan.

Consultation carried out for the purpose of this project also indicated that it is desirable that a kiosk is available in the Study Area to provide drinks and snacks and to act as a meeting point. This has been particularly desirable following the closure of the small cafe/deli at the caravan park which previously serviced this function. It s recommended that the provision of a kiosk should be considered but that it might be dependent upon the outcomes of a feasibility assessment (subject to a separate study).

A mobile kiosk is an option the Shire might like to consider. The kiosk would not be permanent and would only be permitted to remain in one location for a set period of time before moving on. This option

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might be more cost-effective for the Shire. It is considered that the most appropriate location for the kiosk will be the Peppermint Grove beach car park as this is more highly used, but this could change over time.

It should also be noted that an area zoned Special Use (Various) is located to the east of the car park on Peppermint Grove Road. It is understood that the Council have raised the possibility of a small, local deli being developed in this area to provide essential services to the local community. Should this occur in the future, the kiosk should not conflict with the viability of the deli.

Rubbish and Waste The existence of rubbish at the beach is a major issue as debris can severely affect fauna. In October 2008, a number of volunteers joined in with the Shire of Capel to participate in a coastal cleanup. The rubbish collected was sorted into categories as part of the Tangaroa Blue Marine Debris research project. The most common rubbish found was glass, plastic drink bottles, pieces of plastic, aluminium cans, rope, polystyrene, packing tape and lids and bottle tops.

Feedback from the community consultation also indicated that the presence of dog faeces is a common occurrence and that dog owners should be encouraged to use the doggie bags which are present at certain paths. There might also be the opportunity to place doggie bags at other locations.

As is evidenced from the above, it is essential that rubbish bins are available to beach users and that the community and visitors are educated about the impact of rubbish on the coastal environment. A significant number of rubbish bins are located within the carparks and public facilities and it is not considered that more are needed. Public education and community involvement might be the most effective means of achieving a cleaner beach.

Land Use Conflicts Owing to the different recreational pursuits of permanent residents, absentee land-owners and tourists, it is natural that land use conflicts will occur. In addition, some recreational activities result in environmental disturbance, which in turn creates problems from an environmental management perspective. As a result, a number of activities are prohibited on the beach (which is indicated on the signs at the start of each pathway and at each car park). Prohibited activities include the following: Camping Fires Bike riding Vehicle access or 4-wheel driving (north of Hardey Terrace car park to the south of Barndi Walk car park) Dog walking and exercise (prohibited in some locations) Horse riding.

Land use conflicts between recreational activities and other land uses are unavoidable. The existence of a land use conflict between recreation activities largely depends on what uses the local residents and visitors perceive are appropriate for the area. Community consultation with the local residents has indicated that the main land use conflicts are those which impact upon the most popular beach activities

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(i.e. swimming, walking and fishing). Respondents indicated that the land uses they most disliked about on beach are the presence of vehicles (34%), dogs (13%) and jet skis (3.4%).

Land use conflicts between recreational and other land uses also exist. For example, any human use (such as recreational activity or housing development) is highly likely to result in environmental disturbance. Therefore, the conflict between recreational use of the beach needs to be considered in terms of its potential environmental disturbance and any areas of high conservation value should be protected. It is essential that recreational land uses are confined to the areas identified for that purpose.

Evidence of vehicle tracks along the beach west of Peppermint Grove Beach car park, where vehicles are currently prohibited.

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Evidence of vehicle access tracks north of the access point at Hardey Terrace.

Toilets, Picnic and Playground Facilities One public amenities block is located at the main Peppermint Grove Beach car park (including male and ladies toilets, a shower and drink fountain). Another public amenities block also exists at the Wave Walk car park, albeit slightly degraded. It is proposed that the toilet facilities and all other amenities are maintained as appropriate.

The implementation of the Trails Master Plan (Shire of Capel, 2009a) has the potential to bring a higher influx of people to the Study Area who will walk along the new track along the Water Corporation reserve towards the Bardni Walk car park. It is therefore proposed that a new toilet block is constructed in the Brandi Walk car park (the exact location is to be determined) to provide amenities for track users.

Showers and drinking water should also be made available. It is essential that the new facilities are located in an area that will have less environmental and visual impact. The current absence of services such as power and water to Barndi Walk car park poses a constraint to the development of these facilities.

The main Peppermint Grove Beach car park is the only location with a formal picnic area and playground. The playground is situated on the foredunes and is surrounded by a grassed area consisting of a small shaded area. A BBQ and picnic tables are located under the shaded area. Locals advise that the picnic area is very popular and crowded during peak times/summer. It is therefore recommended that the grassed area near the toilets is formalised as a picnic area and that additional BBQs and picnic tables are provided near the existing playground. The provision of the above facilities is a medium-term recommendation and should be subject to a further demand analysis.

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Playground and picnic/BBQ area at Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

Current amenities at Peppermint Grove Beach main car park (including showers and toilets).

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Current toilet amenities at Wave Walk car park.

Signage Signs are located at each car park and at the start of every formal pedestrian access path. These signs are distinguishable and contain the name of the path, warning notices and regulations. Signs advising of dog restrictions are also located at most beach access points. Older beach information signs are located at the end of some pedestrian paths. It is assumed these have been left to repeat information.

Additional signs are located at the vehicle access points at the car parks to advise beach users of water regulations. Other signs located throughout the Study Area include wooden signs on some dune areas advising people that the dunes are being rehabilitated and to keep off.

It is recommended that educational and interpretative signage is provided at certain points throughout the Study Area such as the following: At the viewing platforms along the Water Corporation reserve at the Capel River and at Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x;s Lookout. These signs can include information about the various ecosystems which can be viewed from those points such as the dunes, the river, wetlands, and the Tuart forest (refer to the Trails Master Plan, 2009a for further guidance).

At the car parks close to the pedestrian pathways.

Along the pathways at the southern end of the Study Area (Campbell Road, Connell Way) which provide information about the vegetation communities present along the dunes and how they change as the path extends towards the beach.

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connectively (e.g. signs on windy paths could have a wavy edge etc.). The draft Shire of Capel Trails Master Plan (2009a) contains some guidance on the content of interpretative signs and what they should be made from. The Master Plan suggests that the themes that can be incorporated in signage include descriptions of the unique flora, fauna and landscape, its indigenous history, European exploration and settlement and other land use descriptions.

The Trails Master Plan also recommends that the more money that is invested into the signs, the more likely they will be to the forces of the weather and vandalism (which means they will be replaced less often). It recommends that signs are made of architectural-grade etched anodised aluminium panels as they are the most resistant to vandalism and could last up to 10 years. It is recommended that this material is used in areas that are relatively isolated. Further information on interpretative signage can be found in the draft Shire of Capel Trails Master Plan (2009a).

Example of signage which has been installed in recent years at access points to the beach. The above sign is at Barndi Walk car park.

Recommended Actions The management recommendations in relation facilities in the Study Area are as follows: 1. Consider a mobile temporary kiosk located in close to proximity to where a majority of the facilities are currently available (such as Peppermint Grove Road car park). The provision of a mobile kiosk should be subject to a separate economic and social feasibility study and subject to Council providing a permit to interested vendors. The mobile kiosk should not conflict with the viability of a deli or local store which might be developed in the Study Area in the near future.

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2. Maintain the amenities (toilets, showers, drink fountains etc.) at Wave Walk and Peppermint Grove Beach.

3. Ensure other facilities such as the playground, picnic and BBQ area are maintained as appropriate.

4. Extend the shaded area at Peppermint Grove Beach car park and install another BBQ and picnic bench.

5. Install another BBQ and picnic bench on the other side of the playground.

6. Formalise the grassed picnic area near the toilets at Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

7. Construct a viewing platform/viewing area at the end of the walking trail along the Water Corporation Reserve and at Mt Stirling.

8. Replace entry signage at Peppermint Grove Road.

9. Implement directional signage at car parks to direct pedestrians to paths.

10. Implement directional signage to advise of vehicle restrictions.

11. Implement safety signs to warn pedestrians of snakes along the Water Corporation reserve pathway.

12. Implement interpretative signs which aim to educate beach users about the environment and heritage values of the area (these signs should be placed at the ground or at waist-level so as to not detract from the landscape).

13. Investigate the engineering and economic feasibility of installing new amenities at Barndi Walk car park such as toilets, showers and drinking water.

The management recommendations in relation to land use conflicts are as follows: 1. Ensure that vehicle access remains closed at Peppermint Grove Road and Wave Walk car parks (except for emergency purposes).

2. Install bollards and signage to ensure vehicles do not extend beyond the 150m wide boat launching and vehicle access area south of Barndi Walk.

3. Ensure vehicle access is restricted at the Capel River mouth to prevent conflict with pedestrians and fishing.

4. Ensure the use of motorised vehicles along the Capel River is prohibited. This may require monitoring and surveillance.

5. Ensure that the purpose of each beach and the restrictions that apply are communicated to beach users through means other than signage (such as pamphlets, education programs etc.).

6.7

Heritage

Objectives The objective in relation to heritage within the Study Area is to further recognise and promote areas of Indigenous and European significance and to aim to educate the public of the value and importance of certain sites.

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Issues The Study Area consists of a limited number of recognised historical sites. Mt Stirling/Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x;s Lookout is a hill located to the east of the Peppermint Grove Beach car park which has some historical significance. Anecdotal evidence indicates that the site is valued as being to highest point between Bunbury and Busselton and has been used as a lookout for many years in the past. It has been noted that some disturbance to vegetation has occurred from people attempting to climb the hill. It is therefore necessary to determine a formal track or path to direct pedestrians.

A recent subdivision has occurred to the land adjoining the site to the east which is likely to increase land use and access pressures. An emergency vehicle access track has recently been established which starts at the southern end of Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x;s Lookout (at Peppermint Grove Road) and travels up the eastern side of the hill. It is recommended that a pedestrian track is extended from the vehicle track to the top of the hill where a viewing platform and interpretative signage should be installed. The possibility of providing disabled access to these areas should be investigated. However, while it is desirable that disabled access is provided at these locations, it should be noted that the natural topography of the area poses some constrains the ability to provide disabled access without significant modification to the landscape.

A number of Aboriginal Heritage sites have been identified by the Department for Indigenous Affairs.

Currently, there is no signage to communicate the recognition of heritage sites in the area. It might be beneficial to implement interpretative and educational signage at certain areas of the beach to provide this information. Interpretative signs provide an opportunity to communicate the meanings and relationships of our cultural heritage to visitors (Shire of Capel, 2009a). Consultation with traditional owners is recommended in order to determine appropriate content for signs.

Emergency fire access track leading towards Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lookout.

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Recommended Actions The management recommendations in relation to heritage are as follows: 1. Liaise with local Indigenous representatives.

2. Implement interpretative signage which describes the heritage of the area including Indigenous history, European exploration and settlement and past land uses.

6.8

Community Involvement

Objectives The objective for community involvement is to provide opportunities for local residents as well as visitors to learn about and be involved in the protection and management of the beach. Not only will this assist in its management but it will also instill a sense of ownership and pride in the area which is essential in terms of its long-term management.

Issues Public education and community involvement is one of the key factors behind the success of Coastcare.

It encourages local residents to be involved in their surrounding environment which helps increase their knowledge and appreciation of the area and feel a sense of „ownership‟. Community involvement can be fun, rewarding and provide an arena for people to get-together as a team. The Peppermint Grove Beach Association has a significant opportunity to be involved in coastal rehabilitation activities.

It is also important for the Shire to acknowledge that some community members who do not participate in community groups might also want the opportunity to be involved and/or want to learn more about the area.

There are a number of different projects which can be carried out by the community in coastal areas.

These are listed below: Hold a workshop on seed collection, plant identification and revegetation. If the workshop can be run by an expert in the field, this will help participants trust the information provided.

Organise practical activities which involve weed control, dune stabilisation, planting and plant identification.

Continue to organise rubbish clean-up days.

Continue to involve the local schools. They can learn about the coastal environment in class and be involved in activities on the beach. They can design coast and marine posters to display at the beach as a class project.

Run activities as part of national Weedbuster Week in October (www.weedbusterweek.info.au).

Provide community flyers containing information about the coast and place them in the community hall and tourism centres and at the Shire to educate the broader community and visitors.

Collate fact sheets or „did you know‟ brochures containing interesting information about the coast (the environment, social aspects, historical aspects and how they tie together). These

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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can be prepared as flyers for letter boxes or in newspapers or can be incorporated onto signage.

Recommended Actions The specific management recommendations for community involvement are as follows: 1. Support programs that actively engage the local community in managing local coastlines such as the Adopt-a-Beach project, and maintain strong support for the Capel LCDC. 2. Provide support for the Peppermint Grove Beach Association.

3. Provide opportunities for the community to be involved in rehabilitation, monitoring and flora and fauna surveys.

4. Provide opportunities for local schools to be involved in beach restoration activities in order to combine education with an appreciation of the environment.

5. Collate interesting information about the coast and incorporate into flyers, newspaper ads and signage at the beach.

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7.1

Introduction

This section of the FMP provides an implementation plan for the ongoing management of the Peppermint Grove Beach with a framework to ensure coastal management is adequately catered for in future budgets. It is anticipated that the recommendations will be implemented over several years.

The implementation of recommendations within the FMP will need to be appropriately costed and programmed for implementation by the Shire of Capel. Several recommendations will require ongoing management.

7.2

Guiding Principles

Conservation Ensure ongoing rehabilitation (i.e. revegetation, weed control and erosion control) of dunes currently being restored.

Commence weed control and revegetation works on areas identified in this management plan.

Encourage long-term rehabilitation of dunes by ensuring that beach users keep to formal tracks (possibly through community education and interpretative signage) to ensure that natural regeneration and processes are able to occur (i.e. ensure that areas of vegetation are protected from human disturbance).

Carry out weed control in areas more heavily infested and work towards smaller infestations.

Ensure soil disturbance is minimised during any implementation and maintenance of facilities and infrastructure as it promotes weed growth.

Recognise the significance of the Western Ringtail Possum and other threatened fauna within the Study Area and ensure that habitat is protected and enhanced.

Recognise that feral animals such as rabbits and foxes are present which have an impact on the conservation and recreation values of the site.

Ensure that erosion is controlled by closing informal tracks, encouraging the use of formal paths and rehabilitating and maintaining dune vegetation.

Recreation Passive recreational land uses should be recognised as a major value of Peppermint Grove Beach.

The new residential area at the northern end of Peppermint Grove Beach and the increase in tourists and visitors during peak periods means that the recreational use of the beach will increase in the short-term.

Informal tracks should be closed and revegetated and residents directed to formal paths through the implementation of signs.

Numerous formal pedestrian paths exist to provide access to the beach. It is considered that no new paths are required in order to allow conservation of areas of dune vegetation.

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Restricted vehicle access to the beach at Wave Walk and Peppermint Grove Beach car parks is considered appropriate and the exclusion of off road vehicles through the middle section of the beach should be encouraged and monitored.

Additional interpretative signs should be implemented with the aim of providing public education in relation to indigenous heritage and the environment and should be designed and situated to enhance the landscape.

Social/Community Uses Recognise the importance of community ownership of the beach and encourage a sense of respect and „ownership‟ of the environment.

Provide ongoing opportunities for the community to be involved in the environmental management of the beach such as weed control, vegetation surveys, fauna spotting, reporting vandalism and damage etc. to allow them to „experience‟ the natural environment.

Recognise the financial limitations of the Shire of Capel and allow them to prioritise actions which require more attention.

Recognise the importance of the beach to the Nyungar people.

7.3

Priorities

The recommended foreshore management actions have been allocated a priority to assist with implementation. Priorities have been classified as follows: I: Immediate term – within the next financial year M: Medium term – within the next five years L: Long term – 5+ years O: Ongoing – as required.

The priorities assigned to each recommendation are advisory only. Priorities can be reviewed as required by the Shire to take into account availability of resources and granting of funding requests.

7.4

Responsibilities

The Shire of Capel is responsible for recommendations within this plan. In some instances another party may be able to „partner‟ the Shire when implementing recommendations.

Responsibilities and partners have been classified as follows: Planning and Development Services Division: Technical Services Division: Community Development Governance Ranger Services Capel LCDC: Department of Environment and Conservation Peppermint Grove Beach Community Association Water Corporation

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

PD TS CD G RS LCDC DEC PGBCA WC

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7.5

Monitoring

Monitoring is an essential component of the rehabilitation process. Its purpose is to assess the success of revegetation efforts and to determine whether certain objectives or goals have been achieved (i.e. compared against the success criteria in Table 6.2). It can also indicate whether the restoration plan requires modification to help reach this goal more efficiently. Monitoring of recreational elements within the reserve is also important to ensure they are safe and undamaged.

Many factors can contribute to decreasing the success of restoration actions, such as the invasion of weeds and the disturbance of the area by humans. It also takes time for newly vegetated areas to become self-sustaining and better adapted to combat these disturbances. In this case, the ultimate goal of rehabilitation is to improve the condition of the coastal dunes by increasing vegetation cover, reducing the level of weed cover and stabilising dunes. Monitoring the species composition (i.e. diversity) and density of the vegetation on the site (native vegetation and weeds) will help indicate whether this goal has been reached.

It is recommended that monitoring is conducted once a year. Weed monitoring (determining the weed cover in an area) will help determine whether further eradication measures are required.

Methods A simple monitoring exercise should be performed to determine the species composition and density in rehabilitated areas. This involves setting up â&#x20AC;&#x17E;quadratsâ&#x20AC;&#x; measuring 5m by 5m in randomly selected locations in rehabilitated areas. The different species in each quadrat should be identified and the number of plants or the canopy cover for each species should be recorded (depending on the type of plant that is being recorded and its progress).

The species diversity can be monitored by tracking the number of native species recorded in an area over time. The density of each species can be analysed over time to determine the growth or death rate.

Relevant action such as replanting or weed eradication should be undertaken if monitoring results indicate no improvement or degradation.

Monitoring of recreational facilities can be conducted using visual assessments and safety inspections.

These should be carried out regularly, and issues attended to immediately if they arise. Table 6.2 above sets out the various components which require monitoring, the measurements, the success criteria, the response, targets and responsibilities.

7.6

Indicative Costs

Indicative costs have been provided to assist Council in finalising priorities and preparing works programs as required. Implementation costs will generally need to be met by Council, and may vary depending on, for example, whether works are carried out in-house or contracted externally, the design scope, materials used and the degree of public consultation required. It should be noted that the costs provided below are indicative only, and will require further investigation and detailed planning prior to a detailed cost being determined.

Table 7.1 below provides an estimate of the indicative costing for rehabilitation. It should be noted that these amounts are estimated only and are based on the generalised costs for revegetation works in WA Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

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including acquisition of seedlings, labour, maintenance and other expenses. Cost estimates for these types of works can change significantly depending on the scope of work required and the area and method of rehabilitation. These costs assume that the ultimate goal is to improve the vegetation condition to Excellent. They also assume that a majority of revegetation will be with seedlings which cost approximately $0.80 each and that 3-4 will be planted per square metre in degraded areas.

Table 7.1 – Rehabilitation costs per square metre for different vegetation conditions Condition

Excellent

Establishment After 1st Year $0.10 After 2nd Year $0.10 rd After 3 Year $0.10 After 4th Year $0.10 Years thereafter $0.10 Adapted from Ecoscape, 2004.

Very Good

Good

Degraded

$0.55 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10 $0.10

$2.20 $0.90 $0.44 $0.22 $0.10 $0.10

$2.65 $1.30 $0.55 $0.22 $0.10 $0.10

In this case, prevention is better than a cure as it is expensive to rehabilitate vegetation rather than protecting it originally. Long-term rehabilitation methods mainly include allowing natural regeneration to occur and ensure dune vegetation is not disturbed by human activity. The costs that would be involved in this case would be for weed control, fencing and signage, maintenance and monitoring. As can be seen in Table 7.1 above, maintenance costs of $0.10/m2 are estimated for activities such as weed control and upkeep of fences and signs etc.

7.7

Funding Sources

In some instances, the Shire may be able to seek funding for certain activities from other sources.

Funding opportunities such as these tend to change on a regular basis and as a result a review of options should be undertaken each year.

Potential sources include: Coastwest/Coastcare – administered by the Department of Planning. Funding is available for projects that encourage coastal protection through research, education and protection works.

Community Conservation Grants – administered by TSN Coordinator, WWF Australia. Grants are provided for activities such as habitat restoration, weeding and feral animal control, monitoring and surveying species populations, fencing, fire management.

Lotteries Commission Gordon Reid Foundation for Conservation – supports community organisations involved in conservation activities and environmental protection. Examples of projects that may be considered are revegetation activities and the protection of remnant vegetation, flora and fauna surveys, management plans for reserves, public education projects, research projects which will assist in the conservation of Western Australia's biodiversity.

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7.8

Proposed Implementation Plan

The management recommendations (Implementation and Action Plan) for the Peppermint Grove Beach Study Area are listed in Table 7.2 below. For the purpose of the Implementation and Action Plan, the Study Area was divided into 4 sections (Figure 7.1). Many of the below actions are shown in Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

Table 7.2 – Implementation and Action Plan for Peppermint Grove Beach Main Issue Coastal tenure

No. CT1

CT2

CT3

Coastal Management

CP1

CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5 CP6

Recommendation Shire to investigate and determine extent of encroachment into the foreshore reserves of residential land use and structures associated with adjoining lots. Once determined actions to resolve the encroachment should be pursued including re-surveying property boundaries, constructing low-scale fencing along boundaries (to a height of 1.6 metres), removal of structures and rehabilitation.

Investigate the possibility of amending the gazetted purpose of certain reserves in the Study Area from „public recreation‟ to „conservation‟ to facilitate long-term protection of these areas despite how they are currently managed.

The Shire of Capel enter into a written agreement with the Water Corporation which addresses the use of the Water Corporation reserve along the southern side of the Capel River for recreation uses as proposed in this management plan.

Prepare an Asset Management Plan focussing on existing infrastructure and recreational facilities in the Study Area and how they can be protected from coastal process such as storm events.

Prepare an emergency management plan for erosion control and flooding along the beach.

Storm flooding systems should be designed to cater for the historic flood climate.

Conduct regular monitoring of the beach and the dune systems.

Conduct regular monitoring of infrastructure and recreational facilities along the beach.

Conduct a coastal vulnerability and risk assessment for the entire Shire of Capel coast line, taking into consideration climate change and sea level rise in order to obtain an approximate distance for absorbing acute erosion (extreme storm event) and distance to allow for historic trend of erosion/accretion.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Priority

Responsibility

Indicative cost

I

PD TS G

N/A

M

PD

N/A

I

TS WC

N/A

M

PD TS

$8 000

M

TS

$5 000

I and O

TS

$5 000

O

TS

TBD

O

TS

TBD

M

PD

$20 000

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Main Issue Environmental Management

No. EM1

EM2 EM3

EM4

EM5

EM6

EM7

EM8

EM9 EM10 EM11

EM12

EM13

EM14

EM15

Recommendation Ensure that dune areas are not disturbed/trampled by people and vehicles (i.e. that pedestrians keep to the designated tracks).

Close informal tracks and revegetate.

Monitor dunes located close to residential lots to ensure that vegetation is not removed and that backyards are not encroaching.

Conduct dune stabilisation where tracks are to be realigned (such as Periwinkle Place) and where tracks are to be formalised (such as Wave Walk pedestrian access) or removed (informal tracks).

Conduct revegetation in priority areas first (such as informal tracks and where pathways are being realigned).

Conduct weed control in priority areas first such as along pathways and disturbed areas. Follow up with revegetation.

Encourage long-term rehabilitation techniques such as constant weed control, revegetation of exposed dunes, monitoring and ensuring vegetation is not disturbed.

Ensure that habitat for native fauna is protected by erecting signage and fencing bushland reserves that show evidence of disturbance and through revegetation.

Conduct feral animal control.

Conduct regular monitoring (particularly weed monitoring, erosion monitoring etc.).

Conduct regular maintenance (such as repairing fences and signs which protect vegetation, weed control, watering new plants if necessary, etc.).

Prohibit vehicular use along the beach (excluding the 150 metre wide boat launching zone south of Barndi Walk) to prevent disturbance to the intertidal ecosystem and to minimise impacts higher in the food web such as birds and fish.

Ensure bushland reserves within residential areas are protected from human disturbance. This may require the implementation of fencing, particularly at points which are adjacent to houses and roads.

Identify Shire reserves in the Study Area as â&#x20AC;&#x17E;Cat Prohibited Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x; in accordance with the Keeping and Welfare of Cat Local Law to ensure that cats have minimal impact on the environment.

Monitor rabbit numbers throughout the Study Area and the impact upon revegetation efforts.

Undertake appropriate control as required.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Priority O I O

Responsibility RS LCDC PGBCA TS RS TS LCDC PGBCA

Indicative cost N/A $2 000 N/A

I

TS LCDC PGBCA

$2 000

I

TS LCDC PGBCA

$5 000

I

TS LCDC

$3 000

O

TS LCDC PGBCA

TBD

O

TS DEC LCDC

N/A

O

DEC DEC TS, LCDC

N/A

O

TS

TBD

O

RS

N/A

M

TS

$5 000

M

RS

N/A

I/O

DEC LCDC PGBCA

$2 000

O

N/A

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Main Issue Access

No. A1 A2

A3

Recommendation Keep the vehicle access at Peppermint Grove Road car park and Wave Walk car park closed.

Continue the vehicle restriction area north of Hardey Terrace car park and south of Barndi Walk (except the 150 metre boat launching zone south of Barndi Walk).

Delineate a 150 metre-wide area for vehicle access and boat launching to the south of Barndi Walk car park.

A4

Prohibit vehicle access at the Capel River mouth.

A5

Formalise the track over the Water Corporation drainage reserve along the Capel River to allow pedestrians to access the viewing platform at the north-west corner of the Study Area and the fishing locations along the southern banks of the river.

Monitor the beach (encourage the community to assist) to ensure off road vehicles do not use the central section of the beach.

Fence identified paths and vehicle access tracks where indicated on the Figures 7.2a-7.5b.

Replace or upgrade fencing along pathways and at car parks where indicated on the Figures 7.2a7.5b.

Maintain formal pedestrian walkways to the beach and along the dunes.

Close informal tracks and discourage their use.

Rehabilitate and monitor closed tracks.

Monitor concrete pathways to determine their use, safety and the dune movement around them.

Consider replacing paths with steep slopes with timber steps and handrails.

Realign paths identified on the plan.

Construct boundary fencing between private property and dune reserves to prevent encroachment.

Maintain the informal pathway behind the private allotments south of Peppermint Grove Beach car park. Monitor the stability of the track and the adjoining vegetation and if degradation is evident the track should be closed or managed appropriately.

Investigate the most appropriate path alignment for a track through Reserve35483 from Maarli View to Peppermint Grove Terrace which is a direct route but results in the least amount of vegetation disturbance. Delineate the pathway

A6

A7 A8

A9 A10 A11

A12 A13

A14

A15

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Priority

Responsibility

Indicative cost

O

RS

N/A

O

RS

N/A

I

RS

I and O

TS RS

$5 000 (including signage)

M

CD TS WC

$10 000 (including fencing)

O

RS PGBCA

N/A

I-M

TS

$5 000 to $8 000

I-M

TS

$10 000 to $15 000

O

TS

$2 000

I

TS

$2 000

M-L

TS

$3 000

M

TS

$5 000

I-M

TS

$10 000

O

TS

N/A

I

TS

N/A

N/A

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Main Issue Facilities

No. F1

F2

F3

F4

F5 F6 F7

F8 F9 F10 F11

F12

F13

Recommendation once it is determined to make the public aware.

Consider a mobile temporary kiosk located in close to proximity to where a majority of the facilities are currently available (such as Peppermint Grove Road car park). The provision of a mobile kiosk should be subject to a separate economic and social feasibility study and subject to Council providing a permit to interested vendors. The mobile kiosk should not conflict with the viability of a deli or local store which might be developed in the Study Area in the near future.

Maintain the amenities (toilets, showers, drink fountains etc.) at Wave Walk and Peppermint Grove Beach.

Ensure other facilities such as the playground, picnic and BBQ area are maintained as appropriate.

Extend the shaded area at Peppermint Grove Beach car park and install another BBQ and picnic bench.

Install another BBQ and picnic bench on the other side of the playground.

Formalise the grassed picnic area near the toilets at Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

Construct a viewing platform/viewing area at the end of the walking trail along the Water Corporation Reserve and at Mt Stirling.

Replace entry signage at Peppermint Grove Road.

Implement directional signage at car parks to direct pedestrians to paths.

Implement directional signage to advise of vehicle restrictions.

Implement safety signs to warn pedestrians of snakes along the Water Corporation reserve pathway.

Implement interpretative signs which aim to educate beach users about the environment and heritage values of the area (these signs should be placed at the ground or at waist-level so as to not detract from the landscape).

Investigate the engineering and economic feasibility of installing new amenities at Barndi Walk car park such as toilets, showers and drinking water.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Priority

Responsibility

Indicative cost

L

PD

$10 000 to $15 000

O

TS

$8 000 to $10 000

O

TS

TBD

M-L

TS

$5 000

M-L

TS

$2 000

M

TS

$1 000

M-L

TS

$20 000

M

TS

$1 000

M

RS

$1 000

I

TS

$1 000

I

TS WC

$1 000

M

CD TS WC

$2 000

M-L

PD

$10 000

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Main Issue Land use conflicts

No. LUC1

LUC2

LUC3

LUC4

LUC5

Heritage

Community involvement

H1 H2

CI1

CI2 CI3

CI4

CI5

Recommendation Ensure that vehicle access remains closed at Peppermint Grove Road and Wave Walk car parks (except for emergency purposes).

Install bollards and signage to ensure vehicles do not extend beyond the 150m wide boat launching and vehicle access area south of Barndi Walk.

Ensure vehicle access is restricted at the Capel River mouth to prevent conflict with pedestrians and fishing.

Ensure the use of motorised vehicles along the Capel River is prohibited. This may require monitoring and surveillance.

Ensure that the purpose of each beach and the restrictions that apply are communicated to beach users through means other than signage (such as pamphlets, education programs etc.).

Liaise with local Indigenous representatives.

Implement interpretative signage which describes the heritage of the area including Indigenous history, European exploration and settlement and past land uses.

Support programs that actively engage the local community in managing local coastlines such as the Adopt-a-Beach project, and maintain strong support for the Capel LCDC. Provide support for the Peppermint Grove Beach Association.

Provide opportunities for the community to be involved in rehabilitation, monitoring and flora and fauna surveys.

Provide opportunities for local schools to be involved in beach restoration activities in order to combine education with an appreciation of the environment.

Collate interesting information about the coat and incorporate into flyers, newspaper ads and signage at the beach.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Priority

Responsibility

Indicative cost

O

RS

N/A

O

RS

N/A

O

RS

N/A

O

RS

N/A

O

CD PGBCA

N/A

O

CD

TBD

I-M

CD TS

$2 000

O

TS LCDC PGBCA

N/A

O

CD TS

N/A

I and O

TS

N/A

I and O

CD TS

N/A

M and O

CD TS

TBD

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Legend Map Extents Management Plan Area

Map 1

Barndi Walk Car Park

Map 2

Wave Walk Car Park

Map 3

Peppermint Grove Beach Car Park

Map 4

Hardey Terrace Car Park

JOB NO:

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

E

1:10,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

0

100

200

300

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

3 Apr 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_1 - Index Plan.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN FIGURE 7.1 - INDEX PLAN

A4 (O)

LUC3 (O)

LUC4 (O) A7 (M) A5 (M)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

EM3 (O) A9 (O)

F7 (L) F12 (L)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

Legend

EM3 (O)

k Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority k Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority k Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Barndi Walk Carpark

Vehicle Access (open to north & 150m to south)

A3 (I)

Bila C

Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path Existing informal track to be formalised Existing informal track to Be Closed Vehicle access New fencing Replace fencing

lose

kkF9 (M) F12 (M)

F10 (I) A7 (I) F13 (M-L) A8 (M)

Cadastre Water Features Vehicle Permitted on Beach Contours

LUC2 (O)

Recommendation type

A7 (M) Barndi Walk Carpark Map p Pe

Ocean Blue Lo

ove ce Terra

A2 (O)

Gr

EM3 (O)

Recommendation codes A2 - Continue vehicle restrictions along the beach A3 - Allow vehicle access 150m south of car park A4 - No vehicle access at river mouth A5 - Formalise track over Water Corp reserve A7 - New fencing A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathways to the beach A10 - Close informal track A11 - Retain concrete path and investigate replacing with timber steps if necessary A12 - Realign path

A12 (I) k k EM4 (I) k A8 (I)

k

A9 (O)

kk kk

Cape View Lane North pathway

EM12 (O)

Cape View Lane South pathway

LUC2 - Ensure vehicles don't extend beyond 150m zone LUC3 - No vehicle access at Capel River mouth LUC4 - No motorised water vehicles

Cape View Lane

Vehicles Prohibited

EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehicular access along beach F7 - Construct viewing platform/area F9 - Implement directional signage restriction signage JOBF10 NO: - Vehicle DATE: SHIRE OF CAPEL 864 3signs Apr 2009 F12 - Interpretive (low level) F13 - Develop amenities at Barndi Walk carpark

A8 (M)

kk

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing

int rm pe

op

Vehicles Permitted

A LUC EM F

JOB NO:

E

1:3,000

864

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

0

25

50

75

100

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

DATE:

26 Mar 2010 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_2a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 1.mxd

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.2a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 1

Legend

A I

Parking

k k k

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path

Existing informal track to be closed Vehicle access New fencing

Replace fencing Cadastre

Vehicle Permitted on Beach Contours

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

A I

Bila C

F9 (M)

A3 (I)

F12 (M)

k k

F10 (I)

A7 (I)

Peppe rmint G rov

k kk k k

e Terr

A7 (I) Vehicle Access (open to north & 150m south of the carpark)

Barndi Walk Carpark

F13 (M-L) A8 (M)

lose

ace

A9 (O)

k k

A I

Yelin C

LUC2 (O)

ourt

Recommendation type A LUC EM F

Barnd i Walk

EM3 (O)

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing Recommendation codes

A2 - Continue vehicle restrictions along the beach A3 - Allow vehicle access 150m south of carpark ce A7 - New fencing Pla a l o A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing Ny A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathway to the beach A10 - Close informal track LUC2 - Ensure vehicles don't extend beyond 150m zone

Ocean Blue Loop

A I

A2 (O) JOB NO:

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

E

1:1,000

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

0

7.5

15

22.5

30

APPROVED BY:

Metres

FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

31 Aug 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_2b - Implementation and Action Plan - Barndi Walk Car park.mxd

EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate F9 - Implement directional signage F10 - Vehicle restriction signage F12 - Interpretive signs (low level) F13 - Develop amenities at Barndi Walk carpark SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.2b - Implementation and Action Plan - Barndi Walk Car Park

Legend

I A * I Cape View Lane South pathway

k k k

A8 (M)

Cape View Lane

k k

A7 (L)

Toilets Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Cadastral Encroachment

Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path

A11 (M-L)

A9 (O)

Parking

Existing informal track to be formalised Existing informal track to be closed Vehicle access

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

New fencing

Bay Crescent pathway

Cadastre

Contours

CT1 (I)

A8 (L)

A9 (O)

Replace fencing

Bay Crescent

EM3 (O)

EM12 (O)

LUC1 (O)

CT1 (I)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

e Terrace

Vehicle Access (Closed)

A13 (I-M) Grov Peppermint

k k k k k k k k k k k

A10 (I) EM2 (I) View Court

F12 (M)

A7 (I)

k k

A1 (O) F10 (I)

Wave Walk carpark

A8 (L)

A2 (O)

k k kk

A9 (O) A7 (I) EM4 (I)

F9 (M) I A F12 (M)

kk k

Recommendation type CT A LUC EM F

F2 (O)

* I

k

ter C W in

CT1 (I)

W

av

k A10 (I) k EM2 (I) k

e Wal k

Recommendation codes

CT1 - Investigate & resolve encroachment issues

A13 (M)

EM12 (O)

Sand D un

EM3 (O)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

Se

Periwinkle Place pathway

ab re

ez e

A1 - Keep vehicle access closed (except emergency vehicles) A2 - Continue vehicle restriction along the beach A7 - New fencing A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain fomal pedestrian pathways to the beach A10 - Close informal track A11 - Retain concrete path and investigate replacing with timber steps if necessary A12 - Realign path A13 - Boundary fencing

e Drive

C o urt

A I

F12 (M)

A9 (O)

LUC1 - Ensure vehicle access remains closed EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehicular access along the beach F2 - Maintain amenities F9 - Implement directional signage F10 - Vehicle restriction signage F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

A8 (M)

u Co

rt

k k EM4 (L) k A12 (M) k k k k k

Periwin k l

e

JOB NO:

k

E

PREPARED BY:

k UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing

ou rt

Wave Walk Carpark Map

Coastal Tenure Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

1:2,500k k

k k

DRAWN BY:

0

25

50

75

100

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

26 Mar 2010 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_3a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 2.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.3a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 2

Legend

I A * I k k k

A13 (I-M)

Parking

k

Toilets Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority

Bay Crescent

k

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority

kk k k k k k k k k k kk

Management Plan Area

Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path

Existing Informal track to be formalised Existing informal access to be closed Vehicle access New fencing

Replace fencing Cadastre

Contours

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

EM3 (O)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

k

k k k k k

Vehicle Access (Closed)

View Court

F12 (M) A7 (I)

LUC1 (O)

k kk kk

A1 (O) F10 (I)

A2 (O) A8 (L)

EM3 (O)

Wave Walk carpark

EM12 (O)

k k k k k k k

Recommendation type A LUC EM F

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing

A8 (L)

ie Co urt

A I k k k F12 (M) kk k k kk k kk k A7 (I) F2 (O) k kk k * I kk A9 (O) k k k k kk EM4 (I) k k k kk kk k EM3 (O)

er Pepp e Te Grov mint

Recommendation codes A1 - Vehicle access remain closed A2 - Continue vehicle restrictions along the beach A7 - New fencing A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathway to the beach A10 - Close informal track A11 - Replace with timber steps A12 - Realign path A13 - Boundary fencing

Cowr

rrace

LUC1 - Ensure vehicle access remains closed EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehicular access along the beach F2 - Maintain amenities F9 - Implement directional signage F10 - Vehicle restriction signage F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

E

1:1,000

k JOB NO:

k

k

PREPARED BY:

0

10

20

Metres

30

DRAWN BY: APPROVED BY:

864

DATE:

Wave Walk

31 Aug 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

FILE NAME: Fig 7_3b - Implemenation and Action Plan - Wave Walk Car Park.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.3b - Implementation and Action Plan - Wave Walk Car Park

Periwinkle Place pathway

A9 (O) A12 (M) EM4 (I)

I A * I 1 I

A8 (M)

k k k kk k k k

k k k

k

EM4 (I) k

k k k

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Emergency Vehicle Access Vehicle access New fencing

Replace fencing Cadastre

Contours

Sunset Clo se

A10 (I) EM2 (I) A15(I)

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

EM13 (O)

A13 (I-M)

McCo

EM3 (O)

Mt Stirling/ Hardey's Lookout

F9 (L) A7 (L)

urt Place

A10 (I) EM2 (I) A6 (O)

Recommendation type A LUC EM F

Playground, BBQ & A9 (O) Shaded Grassed Area

k k k k F5 (M-L) EM4 (I) k F3 (O) EM13 (O) k A8 (I) k F4 (M) k kI Ak kk F12 (M) F1 (M) A9 (O) Vehicle Access kk k (Currently closed) A I I k k 1 * I F2 (O) k A1 (O) k k kF6k(M)k k k k LUC1 (O) EM4 (I)

ve int Gro Pepperm

Road

Peppermint Grove Road Carpark Map

EM3 (O)

EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehicular access along the beach EM13 - Protect bushland reserves Ha rde yT err ace

F1 - Consider a mobile kiosk F2 - Maintain amenities F3 - Maintain all facilities F4 - Extend shaded area & more BBQs & benches F5 - Install another BBQ & bench F6 - Formalise grassed area for picnics F7 - Construct a viewing platform F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

k

Campbell Road pathway

k

A9 (O)

JOB NO:

E

1:2,500

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

0

25

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing

LUC1 - Vehicle access to remain closed Camp bell Road

k k

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

Recommendation codes A1 - Vehicle access remain closed (except emergency vehicles) A6 - Monitor vehicle use along beach A7 - New fencing A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain Way formal pedestrian pathway to the beach enydd A10 G-wClose informal track A12 - Realign path A13 - Boundary fencing A15 - Investigate appropriate path alignment through reserve

Peppermint Grove Road carpark

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority

Existing informal access to remain

k k k A9 (O) k

A8 (L)

Bus Stop

Existing informal access to be closed

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

EM12 (O)

Toilets

Realigned pedestrian path

e Te rra ce Peppermint Grov

k

Parking

Existing formal pedestrian access

t Periwinkle Co ur

EM3 (O)

k

Legend

A I

F12 (M)

50

75

100

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

26 Mar 2010 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_4a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 3.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.4a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 3

A15 (M)

Legend Toilets

Peppermint Grove Terrace

k k k

EM3 (O)

Parking

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

Bus Stop Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Existing formal pedestrian access

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

Realigned pedestrian path

Existing informal track to be closed

McCourt Place

I A * I 1 I

Existing informal track to remain Vehicle access

A13 (O)

New fencing

Replace fencing Cadastre

A6 (O)

Contours

A10 (I) EM2 (I)

k k (I) k EM4 k A9 (O) k k k k k k F5 (M-L) k A8 (I) k F3 (O) kk Playground, BBQ & EM13 (O) k Shaded Grassed Area EM4 (I) k F4 (M) kk k kk k kk k A k k I k kk k F12 (M) k kk A9 (O)

Vehicle Access (Currently closed)

A1 (O) LUC1 (O)

Recommendation type A LUC EM F

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

e int Grov Pepperm

Road

Peppermint Grove Road carpark

F1 (M)

k k kk k k kk k k k k k k k k kk kkk k k

* I

F2 (O)

A I

1 I

F6 (M) k kk k k kk k k k kkk k

EM4 (I)

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing Recommendation codes A1 - Vehicle access remain closed (except emergency vehicles) A6 - Monitor vehicle use along beach A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathway to the beach A10 - Close informal track A13 - Boundary fencing

EM3 (O)

LUC1 - Vehicle access to remain closed EM2 - Close informal tracks & revegetate EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM13 - Protect bushland reserves F1 - Consider mobile kiosk F2 - Maintain amenities F3 - Maintain all facilities F4 - Extend shaded area & more BBQs & benches F5 - Installl another BBQ & bench F6 - Formalise grassed area for picnics F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

0

EM3 (O)

E

10

JOB NO:

20

1:1,000

PREPARED BY:

30

APPROVED BY:

Metres

DRAWN BY:

864

DATE:

31 Aug 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

FILE NAME:Fig 7_4b - Implementation and Action Plan - Peppermint Grove Beach Car Park.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE ROAD MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.4b - Implementation and Action Plan - Peppermint Grove Road Car Park

Camp bell Road

Legend

A I k k

k k k

k

Campbell Road pathway

k A8 (L)

A9 (O)

F12 (M)

EM3 (O)

EM12 (O)

A9 (O)

Parking Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path Existing informal track to be formalised Existing informal track to be closed Vehicle access New fencing Replace fencing Cadastre Vehicles Permitted on Beach Contours

F12 (M)

Connell Court pathway

EM3 (O)

Connell Court

A8 (L)

A8 (L)

Hardey

Terrace

A13 (I-M)

F12 (M)

Summer View

A12 (I) k A9 (O) k EM4 (I)

Vehicles Prohibited

Vehicles Permitted

k A2 (O) k k Vehicle Access (Open to south)

k

S ummers

A8 (I) F12 (M) A8 (M)

View

Hardey Terrace carpark

A I

F10 (M) F9 (M)

k k Recommendation type

Lang Co ve

A LUC EM F

Hardey Terrace Carpark Map

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

Priority Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing Recommendation codes A2 - Vehicle restrictions A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathway to the beach A12 - Realign path A13 - Boundary fencing EM3 - Monitor dunes for signs of disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehiclular access along the beach F9 - Implement directional signage F10 - Vehicle restriction signage F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

0

E 25

JOB NO:

1:2,500 50

75

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY:

100

Metres

APPROVED BY: FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

31 Aug 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_5a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 4.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.5a - Implementation and Action Plan - Map 4

EM3 (O)

Legend

A I

Parking

k k k

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Medium priority

Dune stabilisation and revegetation - High priority Dune stabilisation and revegetation - Low priority Management Plan Area

Existing formal pedestrian access Realigned pedestrian path

Existing informal track to be closed Vehicle access New fencing

Replace fencing Cadastre

Vehicles Permitted on Beach Contours

F12 (M) EM12 (O)

A8 (L)

m Su

k

me rs

A12 (I)

A9 (O)

kk k kk k k k EM4 (I)

k k k k k k

A2 (O)

Vi ew

Summer View pathway

A8 (I)

F12 (M) F9 (M)

F10 (M)

A8 (M)

A I

k k Vehicle Access (Open to south) k k k kk EM4 (I) kk kk k

Hardey Terrace carpark

k

Recommendation type A LUC EM F

Access Land use conflict Environmental management Facilities

ardey Terrac Priority e Immediate term (I) (M) Medium term (L) Long term (O) Ongoing H

Recommendation codes A2 - Vehicle restrictions A8 - Upgrade/replace fencing A9 - Maintain formal pedestrian pathway to the beach A12 - Realign path EM3 - Monitor dunes for disturbance EM4 - Dune stabilisation EM12 - Prohibit vehicular access along the beach F9 - Implement directional signage F10 - Vehicle restriction signage F12 - Interpretive signs (low level)

UNIT 1/1 ALVAN STREET, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6050 POSTAL ADDRESS: PO BOX 289, MT LAWLEY, WA, 6929 PHONE: (08) 9271 8506 FAX: (08) 6161 2597 EMAIL: admin@landinsights.com.au

0

E 10

JOB NO:

1:1,000 20

30

PREPARED BY: DRAWN BY: APPROVED BY:

Metres

FILE NAME:

864

DATE:

31 Aug 2009 S Price

A Brown

M Taylforth

Fig 7_5b - Implementation and Action Plan - Hardey Terrace Car Park.mxd

SHIRE OF CAPEL

PEPPERMINT GROVE BEACH MANAGEMENT PLAN

FIGURE 7.5b - Implementation and Action Plan - Hardey Terrace Car Park

Brooks, K. and Brown, K., (2002), Bushland Weeds (A Practical Guide to Their Management), Environmental Weeds Action Network (Inc.), Greenwood.

Damara and Shore Coastal, (2008), Shire of Busselton Local Environmental Planning Strategy Coastal Impacts of Climate Change, WA. Department of Agriculture and Food, (2003), AGMAPS Land Profiler for the Shire of Boddington, Kwinana, Mandurah, Murray, Rockingham and Serpentine-Jarrahdale (CD-Rom), Department of Agriculture and Food, WA. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, (2009), http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/ Department of Environmental Protection, (2000), Bush Forever Volume 2 Directory of Bush Forever Sites, Government of Western Australia.

Department of Indigenous Affairs, (2007), Sites Register, From website www.dia.wa.gov.au.

Ecoscape, (2004), Town of Victoria Park Remnant Vegetation Management Plan, Town of Victoria Park.

WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2000), Position Statement No. 2. Environmental Protection of Native Vegetation in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2000), Guidance Statement 40. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Management of Mosquitoes by Land Developers. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2002), Position Statement No. 3. Terrestrial Biological Surveys as an Element of Biodiversity Protection. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2004), Position Statement No. 4. Environmental Protection of Wetlands. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2004), Position Statement No. 7. Principles of Environmental Protection. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2004), Guidance Statement 41. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2004), Guidance Statement 51. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Terrestrial Flora and Vegetation Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, WA.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Page 88

FINAL

Environmental Protection Authority, (2004), Guidance Statement 56. Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors. Terrestrial Fauna Surveys for Environmental Impact Assessment in Western Australia. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Environmental Protection Authority, (2008), Guidance Statement 33. Environmental Guidance for Planning and Development. Environmental Protection Authority, WA. Feilman Planning Consultants, (1991), Proposed Foreshore Reserve Dune Reconstruction and Rehabilitation McCourt Hills Estate Peppermint Grove Beach Shire of Capel, West Perth, WA. Government of Western Australia (1992), Environmental Protection (Swan Coastal Plain Lakes) Policy 1992, State Law Publisher, Perth, WA. G.R. Crimp and Partners, (1989), Peppermint Grove beach Estate Northern Section Foreshore Management Plan, WA. Heritage Council of Western Australia, (2007), Sites Register, From website: www.heritage.wa.gov.au.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2005) Bulletin and Climate Note series.

Shire of Capel, (2009a), Draft Shire of Capel Trails Master Plan, Shire of Capel, WA. Shire of Capel, (2009b), 2009 Beach Access in the Shire of Capel, Shire of Capel, WA. SMEC Australia. (2007). Climate Change Adaptation Actions for Local Government.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (1997) State Planning Strategy, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth, WA. Western Australian Planning Commission, (1998), Town of Capel Town Planning Scheme No. 7.

Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (1999) Development Control No. 6.1 Country Coastal Planning Policy, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth, WA. Western Australian Planning Commission, (2002a), Review of the Structural Arrangements for Coastal Planning and Management in Western Australia for Public Comment, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2002), State Planning Policy No. 2.5. Agricultural and Rural Land Use Planning, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2003a), State Planning Policy No. 2. Environment and Natural Resources, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Page 89

FINAL

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2003b), State Planning Policy No. 2.7. Public Drinking Water Supply Policy, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2003c), Coastal Planning and Management Manual, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2004), Planning Bulletin 64 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Acid Sulphate Soils.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2006), State Planning Policy No. 2.9. Water Resources, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2006), State Planning Policy No. 3. Urban Growth and Settlement, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2006), State Planning Policy No. 3.4. Natural Hazards and Disasters, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2007), State Planning Policy No. 3.5. Historic Heritage Conservation, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2007), Visual Landscape Planning in Western Australia, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Western Australian Planning Commission, (2008), Coastlines Spring Edition 2008, Western Australian Planning Commission, Perth.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan March 2010

Page 90

FINAL

Questionnaire Summary

Questionnaires

54

2. Are you a member of the Peppermint Grove Beach Community Association?

Yes

28

No

26

3. How do you usually get to the beach?

Walk

49

Cycle

1

Car

12

4. What beach do you usually use?

Peppermint Grove M Wave Walk

20 9

Peppermint Grove S Barndi Walk

18 15

5. What is your main activity at the beach?

Swimming Fishing Cycling Surfing Canoeing

40 20 2 5 1

Walking Sunbathing Dog Exercise 4 Wheel Driving

43 12 19 9

Picnicking BBQ Horse riding Snorkling/Diving

21 39 12 2

Vehicles resticted Dogs restricted Protected/Safe Place to socialise

29 6 11 5

Campers on the beach Rubbish and litter No pontoon No toilets

2 2 1 1

7. What do you like about your preferred beach?

Good access Nature BBQ Doggie Bags

11 7 1 1

Cleaniness Isolation/Quiet Dogs permitted Surf

11 1 9 2

8. What do you dislike abut your preferred beach?

Jet skiis No beach shelters No organised activities Poor boat access

3 15 1 4

Vehicles along the beach Dog faeces Dogs on the beach Stingers

1 6 2 3

9. Is there anything you would like to change about your preferred beach?

Boat launching pad Rabbit control More patrol & enforcement Signs Open river mouth Replace pontoon

4 1 2 6 1 2

Ban vehicles Stinger net Beach shelters Restrict dog access Dog accessible Boardwalk above vegetation

11 2 19 5 1 1

Less professional fishermen More pathways behind dunes More facilities No jetskiis Organised activities

1 1 3 2 1

10. Do you have any suggestions as to how the bushland reserves can be better managed?

Fences Revegetation Maintain paths Weed control

3 4 7 5

Controlled burning Cat control Rabbit control Stop informal access

3 6 9 1

Dune stabilisation Toilets Enforcement Signs

2 2 3 2

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Comments from Community Questionnaire â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2009 Remove vehicles from beach Stop vehicle access and people camping on the beach and lighting camp fires Dog/cat (domestic) a big problem roaming at night We hope these surveys will lead to more innovative planning by the Shire which is currently very small minded on many issues Keep up the good work of planting and rehabilitating sand dunes and reserves. Very Important!

Need to have a walkway to Mt Stirling incorporating protection of vegetation There are absolutely no facilities for tourists/visitors to get a drink or ice-cream, needs to be some arrangement with local vendor (mobile or otherwise) to have a sort of kiosk arrangement at the beach Signage to Peppermint Grove Beach on main road is a disgrace, ageing, falling apart, sets a really bad tone for people entering such a beautiful place. Have a proper entry statement to the town There are no 'informational' points about the beach/town, it's like it exists without a history. Some type of displays/signage at main points Need to have focal points for tourists/visitors i.e. lookouts at Mt Stirling Something to give an indication of the Aboriginal history and other natural/environmental points of interest for the area for e.g. something for children explaining different types of native animals/flora particular to the area Rebuild the shade structures Put back the shade structures removed in December. We want to be sun smart The Capel Shire Ranger is very good, very responsive and public bin and dog poo bags actioned immediately Lack of police presence and too many rabbits wrecking dunes Prepare a management plan for all reserves Where is the pontoon? No shop, no paper, no letter delivery, no fuel, no postal facility, only one entrance road (Low) A lovely, quiet hamlet but needs the services of mail, paper, bread, milk and fuel. Services as older people can't always get transport to bigger centers each day Replace shonky poles and concrete pillars with pine poles and wire like northern end More 'keep off the sand dune' are needed to each path Great place but it get's abused during tourist season - lack of policing/enforcement Remove parking signs at Wave Walk access and beach Clearer signage at Barndi Walk carpark We need a boat ramp We would like to see the playground at the main beach expanded and to have access to the tennis courts Weekend trail bikes be fined for riding on walking beaches and dunes We have a precious resource here that can be enjoyed by residents and visitors but we must dispose of our garbage and ban 4WDs Wire meshing to be used between handrail posts to prevent dogs, children and adults from walking onto dunes More presence of our much appreciated ranger on weekends A solution to the caravan park needs to be finalised and the shop needs to be reopened for basic needs We and many others have a rat plague, can anything be done?

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Comments from Community Questionnaire â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2009 Appendix A

Rabbits are a pest and are responsible for dune erosion 70 metres north of Wave Walk entrance is where we all want to get in and out on most days even if there is a swell at Barndi There is a good toilet building going to waste at Wave Walk.

It is an interesting fact that the most utilised areas are areas permitting vehicle access. Many people use the vehicle access areas for family activities, whilst swimming areas are empty.

Show Peppy to Councillors. They have forgotten itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s here. Too much in love with Dalyellup People should not be allowed to have cats here as they kill the wildlife - we have one in our street - its killed heaps of our quolls/quendas Yes! Dogs and cats roaming at night A beautiful place to live!

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Comments from Community Questionnaire â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2009 Appendix A

12/12/2008

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DECLARED RARE AND PRIORITY FLORA LIST 6 October 2008

SPECIES / TAXON

CONS

DEC REGION

CODE

Acacia flagelliformis

4

Amperea micrantha

2

Angianthus drummondii

3

Aponogeton hexatepalus

4

Banksia squarrosa subsp. argillacea

R

Boronia humifusa Boronia tetragona

1 3

Caladenia busselliana Caladenia huegelii Caladenia speciosa

R R 4

Cardamine paucijuga Chamaescilla gibsonii

2 3

Chamelaucium roycei ms Eryngium ferox ms Eryngium pinnatifidum subsp. palustre ms

R 3 3

Franklandia triaristata Isopogon formosus subsp. dasylepis

4 3

Jacksonia gracillima

3

Lasiopetalum membranaceum

3

Logania wendyae Mitreola minima

1 3

Platytheca anasima Rhodanthe pyrethrum

2 3

Stylidium leeuwinense

3

Stylidium striatum

4

Synaphea hians

3

Tetratheca parvifolia

3

Page 1

FLOWER DISTRIBUTION PERIOD

SR

Harvey, Eaton, Bunbury, Capel, Jul-Sep Busselton, Donnybrook SW,SR Mokine, Yoongarillup, Busselton, Capel, Sep-Oct Whicher Range, Ruabon NR SW,SR Ludlow, Yoongarrillup, Busselton, Oct,Nov Waroona SR,SW Perth, Pinjarra, Capel, Bunbury, Aug-Sep Boyanup, Nannup, Bertram, Mundijong SR Ruabon, Tutunup, Whicher Range, Jul-Aug Upper Capel SR,SW Capel, Tutunup, Kalamunda Sep SR Capel, Busselton, Whicher Range, Oct-Dec Cowaramup SR Marybrook, Capel Oct SR,SW Perth - Capel Aug-Oct SR,SW Myalup, Eaton, Yarloop, Ludlow, Gingin, Sep-Oct Capel SR,WA Ludlow, Lake Muir Aug-Nov SW,SR Ellen Brook, Yule Brook, Mogumber, Muchea, Drakesbrook, Capel, Brunswick Jun SR Capel, Tutunup Oct-Dec SR,WA Collie, Pinjarra, Capel, Kulunilup NR Oct,Nov SW Serpentine, Kenwick, Upper Swan, Gingin, Forrestdale, Bullsbrook, Mandurah, Arrowsmith, Capel SR Capel, Tutunup, Jarrahwood, Argyle Aug-Oct SR Capel. Ludlow, Busselton, Ruabon, Jun,SepScott River, Yoongarillup Dec SW,SR Mundijong, Forrestdale, Capel, Elgin, Oct-Nov Modong N.R., Forrestfield, Ambergate SR,SW Yalgorup, Capel, Dwellingup, Yandup, Oct-Nov Australind, Dawesville, Yanchep SW Capel, Dardanup Oct SC,WA,S Woolbernup Hill, Walpole, Capel Nov-Jan R SR Capel, Donnybrook Oct-Dec SR,SW Bullsbrook, Boyanup, Kenwick, Sep-Oct Waterloo, Harvey, Eaton, Denmark, Pinjarra, Waroona, West Cape Howe NP, Youngs Siding, Mt Roe NP, Lake Muir, Ludlow, Capel, Forrestdale, Tone Perup NR, Barrabup Pool, Muja, Wandoo NP, Lake Pinjar SR,WA Capel, Scott River, Milyeannup, Shannon Feb-May River, Walpole-Nornalup NP, Quarram, Northcliffe SW,SR Gooseberry Hill, Pickering Brook, Oct-Nov Armadale, Flynn Block, Beverley, Capel, Boyanup SR Busselton, Collie, Ludlow, Capel, Sep-Oct Crooked Brook SR Capel, East of Donnybrook, Collie Oct

12/12/2008

SPECIES / TAXON

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DECLARED RARE AND PRIORITY FLORA LIST 6 October 2008 CONS

DEC REGION

CODE

Verticordia attenuata

3

Page 2

FLOWER DISTRIBUTION PERIOD

SR

Ruabon - Tutunup (Busselton), Bunbury, Jan Capel

Page 1 of 2

Threatened and Priority Fauna Database 33.47 째S

115.466 째E /

* Date Certainty

33.58 째S

115.573 째E

Peppermint Grove Beach (plus~5km buffer)

Seen Location Name

Method

Schedule 1 - Fauna that is rare or is likely to become extinct Dasyurus geoffroii

Chuditch

1 records

This carnivorous marsupial occupies large home ranges, is highly mobile and appears able to utilise bush remnants and corridors.

2004

1

1

Capel

Phascogale tapoatafa ssp. (WAM M434)

Night sighting

Brush-tailed Phascogale, Wambenger

1 records

This arboreal marsupial occurs in forest and woodland where suitable tree hollows are available. Populations fluctuate dramatically in response to invertebrate prey abundance.

1985

1

1

Capel/Stirling Estate

Pseudocheirus occidentalis

Dead

Western Ringtail Possum

2 records

This species occurs in areas of forest and dense woodlands and requires tree hollows and/or dense canopy for refuge and nesting.

2000

1

10

2003

1

2

Stirling Estate

Day sighting

Tuart Forest National Park

Night sighting

Calyptorhynchus banksii naso

Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo

1 records

This subspecies of the Red-tailed Black Cockatoo is restricted to the forests of the south-west. It requires tree hollows to nest and breed and is totally dependent on jarrah-marri forest.

1992

1

Capel Nature Reserve

Calyptorhynchus sp

Day sighting

White-tailed Black Cockatoo

3 records

These records pertain to either Baudin's Black-Cockatoo or Carnaby's Black-Cockatoo.

1984

1

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1988

2

0

Capel Nature Reserve

Definite signs

1988

1

45

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

Schedule 4 - Other specially protected fauna Morelia spilota imbricata

Carpet Python

1 records

This species occurs in a variety of habitats including forest and heathland. It is often arboreal and preys on birds, other reptiles and small to medium size mammals. This species is listed under both Schedule 4 and Priority 4.

2003

1

1

Peppermint Grove Beach

Dead

Priority One: Taxa with few, poorly known populations on threatened lands Geotria australis

Pouched Lamprey

1 records

Pouched lampreys begin their life in freshwater streams, migrate to the sea as young adults and return to freshwater streams to spawn.

Future survival is threatened by the proliferation of dams and weirs to upstream spawning runs.

1996

1

Capel

Caught or trapped

Priority Three: Taxa with several, poorly known populations, some on conservation lands Ixobrychus flavicollis australis

Black Bittern

This species inhabits freshwater pools, swamps and lagoons, well screened with trees.

1931

1

Stirling Estate

Priority Four: Taxa in need of monitoring

Wednesday, 17 December 2008

1 records

Page 2 of 2

Threatened and Priority Fauna Database 33.47 째S

115.466 째E /

* Date Certainty

33.58 째S

115.573 째E

Peppermint Grove Beach (plus~5km buffer)

Seen Location Name

Macropus irma

Method

Western Brush Wallaby

11 records

This species occurs in areas of forest and woodland supporting a dense shrub layer.

1979

1

1

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1982

1

3

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1984

1

1

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1985

1

2

Capel

Night sighting

1985

1

Capel Nature Reserve

1986

1

1

Capel

1987

1

2

Capel Nature Reserve

Night sighting

1987

1

2

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1988

1

1

Capel Nature Reserve

Night sighting

1988

1

2

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

1991

1

2

Capel Nature Reserve

Day sighting

Falsistrellus mackenziei

Western False Pipistrelle

1 records

This species of bat occurs in high rainfall jarrah forest and coastal woodlands. It roosts in small colonies in tree hollows and forages in the cathedral-like spaces between trees.

1

1

Ludlow

Hydromys chrysogaster

Caught or trapped

Water-rat, Rakali

1 records

This species occurs in waterways and wetlands that support its main prey items such as molluscs and crustaceans.

1

1

Capel

Morelia spilota imbricata

Carpet Python

1 records

This species occurs in a variety of habitats including forest and heathland. It is often arboreal and preys on birds, other reptiles and small to medium size mammals. This species is listed under both Schedule 4 and Priority 4.

2003

1

1

Peppermint Grove Beach

Dead

Priority Five: Taxa in need of monitoring (conservation dependent) Isoodon obesulus fusciventer

Quenda

1 records

This species prefers areas with dense understorey vegetation, particularly around swamps and along watercourses, that provides ample protection from predators.

1986

1

1

Capel

Diggings

* Information relating to any records provided for listed species:Date: date of recorded observation Certainty (of correct species identification): 1=Very certain; 2=Moderately certain; and 3=Not sure.

Seen: Number of individuals observed.

Location Name: Name of reserve or nearest locality where observation was made Method: Method or type of observation

Wednesday, 17 December 2008

Peppermint Grove Beach Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

prepared for the Shire of Capel Prepared by:

Land Insights 1/1 Alvan Street Mt Lawley PO Box 289 Mt Lawley WA 6929 Phone: (08) 9271 8506 Fax: (08) 6161 2597

Document details: File: 864 Revision 2 Date: March 2010 Author: SR Verified: MT Approved: MT Important Note:

"The information contained in this report has been prepared with care by the author(s), or it has been supplied to the author(s) by apparently reliable sources. In either case, the author(s) have no reason to doubt its completeness or accuracy. However, neither the author(s) company nor its employees guarantee the information, nor does it or is it intended to form part of any contract. Accordingly, all interested parties should make their own inquiries to verify the information, as well as any additional or supporting information supplied, and it is the responsibility of interested parties to satisfy themselves in all respects.

This report is for the use only of the party to whom it is addressed.

Land Insights disclaims responsibility to any third party acting upon or using the whole or part of its contents."

1

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1 1.2

2

DUNE STABILISATION................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 2.2 2.3

3

BRUSHING ................................................................................................................................ 3 FIBRE MATTING ......................................................................................................................... 3 COURSE MULCH ........................................................................................................................ 3

REVEGETATION ............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

4

OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE ....................................................................................................... 2 SUCCESS CRITERIA ................................................................................................................... 2

SPECIES DIVERSITY................................................................................................................... 4 PROPAGATION PLAN.................................................................................................................. 6 DIRECT SEEDING....................................................................................................................... 8 CUTTINGS ................................................................................................................................. 9 PLANTING PROGRAM ............................................................................................................... 10 NATURAL REGENERATION........................................................................................................ 10 SEEDLINGS ............................................................................................................................. 10 SPECIES DENSITY ................................................................................................................... 11 PRIORITY AREAS ..................................................................................................................... 11

WEED CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 4.2

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 12 RECOMMENDED METHODS ...................................................................................................... 12

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Page i

APPENDIX C

1.1

Objectives and Purpose

The objective of environmental management of Peppermint Grove Beach is to rehabilitate degraded dunes (i.e. through erosion control, weed control and revegetation), protect areas of vegetation with high conservation value and to protect and restore areas which provide important habitat for fauna.

1.2

Success Criteria

The purpose of establishing success criteria is to help determine whether the results of rehabilitation efforts have achieved the ultimate aim of the project. The success criteria will be compared against the results of monitoring. The difference between the monitoring results and the success criteria indicates whether rehabilitation has or is close to achieving its overall aim or whether more work is required to improve results.

The success criteria for this plan are that rehabilitated areas consist of a similar species diversity and density of nearby areas of vegetation which are classified as Good or Excellent in condition and have a low percentage of weed cover (less than 10%). If this vegetation condition is achieved it is likely that the area will have less weeds and will be less susceptible to erosion, thereby achieving the other aims of environmental management. Revegetated areas should be monitored twice a year in order to determine the species composition.

The success criteria for the different aspects of the FMP are described in Table 1.1 below.

Table 1.1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Success Criteria for environmental management of Peppermint Grove Beach Element

Measure

Criteria for action

Response if criteria not met

Target/Success Criteria

Plant diversity

Number of native species in revegetated areas.

Species diversity of native plants is greater than on previous occasion.

Carry out more revegetation (preferably different species).

Over 85% species diversity as that present in the dune vegetation survey.

Shire of Capel

Plant density

Percentage cover of plants.

Cover of native plants is more than on previous occasion.

Carry out more revegetation to increase density.

Similar to species density in areas of vegetation classified as Excellent condition.

Shire of Capel

Weeds

Percentage cover.

Cover of weeds is less than on previous occasion.

Carry out appropriate weed control depending on species present.

Approximately 5%-10% cover.

Shire of Capel

Recreational facilities

Condition (structural integrity, vandalism, damage etc.).

Meets acceptable safety standards, not damaged in any way.

Repair, replace etc.

100% structural integrity and no damage or vandalism.

Shire of Capel

Other facilities and structure (eg. signs, fencing etc.)

Condition (structural integrity, vandalism, damage etc.).

Meets acceptable safety standards, not damaged in any way.

Repair, replace etc.

100% structural integrity and no damage or vandalism.

Shire of Capel

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Responsibility

Page 2

APPENDIX C

Dune stabilisation is a common technique used to assist with revegetation. It involves the modification of the dune surface in order to create a more stable surface in which new plants can grow before they are established in such a way that they can contribute to dune stabilisation themselves. Stabilisation is mainly required where dune blowouts have occurred or where vegetation has been damaged or lost.

A few techniques can be used for dune stablilisation. The method used will largely depend on the use of the site, the species being planted and associated costs and maintenance. These are discussed below. Further information can be obtained from the WAPC Coastal Planning and Management Manual.

2.1

Brushing

Brushing is a common technique used for dune stabilisation which involves the use of cut tree or shrub branches of native coastal plants which are arranged together to form a barrier in front of the dune.

This helps protect seedlings from the elements by creating a shaded microclimate which reduces the effect of the sun and wind.

It is recommended that the plant species used for brushing are local species of Melaleuca, Acacia and Eucalypt which have a tight stem arrangement. Onion-local plants such as Victorian Tea Tree, Olive Trees, Oleander, Lantana, Japanese Pepper and Tamarisk should not be used as they have the potential to propagate.

Branches should be arranged so they overlap and interlock from the top down. It can be secured by pinning the brush to the ground with wire if the group is very steep or subject to high winds. However, the use of wire should be avoided as it has the potential to be left on site and cause problems later.

The quantity of brush to be used depends on the area: between 250 and 600 cubic metres is required to cover one hectare.

2.2

Fibre Matting

Fibre matting is placed over dunes to prevent the effects of wind erosion and to suppress the growth of weeds. It is made of jute and coconut fibre (therefore it is recycled and biodegradable) which is woven into a mat. It is secured on the dune by pinning or burrowing the edges so it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t blow away.

2.3

Course Mulch

Course mulch (also referred to as tritter) consists of shredded plant material which can be spread over the dune and where revegetation has occurred. Some suppliers screen mulch for weeds, which greatly reduces the risk of introducing seeds to the area. Course mulch is a cheap option and is easily available. It is also commonly used in landscaping and amenity areas. It is recommended that the mulch should be course and heavy to reduce the likelihood that it will blow away.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Page 3

APPENDIX C

3.1

Species Diversity

Table 3.1 below indicated the species which are found in each section of the dune system from the 2005 flora survey. It is recommended that this list is used as a guide when planting on the dunes.

Table 3.1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Native species recommended for planting at different locations along the dunes Location

Beachfront

Foredune

Backdunes

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Species Name Acacia cochlearis Acacia cyclops Acanthocupus pressii Alyxia buxifolia Cacile maritime Isolepis nodosa Lepidospermua gladiatum Spinifex hirsuita Spinifex longifolius Sporobolus virginicus Acacia cochlearis Acacia cyclops Acanthocupus pressii Agonis flexuosa Alyxia buxifolia Anthocercis littorea Atriplex isatidea Austrostipa compressa Austrostipa flavescens Cacile maritime Calandrina brevipedata Calindrina liniflora carpobrotus Daucus glochidiatus Hardenbergia comptoniana Isolepis nodosa Jacksonia horrid Lepidospermua gladiatum Olearia axillaria Poa drummondiana Rhagodia baccata Scaevola nitida Spinifex hirsuita Trachymene pilosa Acacia cochlearis Acacia littorea Acacia saligna Acanthocupus pressii Agonis flexuosa Alyxia buxifolia Anthocercis littorea Atriplex isatidea Austrostipa compressa Austrostipa flavescens Braschyscome iberiditifolia

Common Name Rigid wattle Coastal wattle Dysentry bush Sea rocket Knotted Club Rush Sword sedge Hairy Spinifex Beach Spinifex Marine couch Rigid wattle Coastal wattle Peppermint tree Dysentry bush Yellow tailflower Coastal salt bush

Sea rocket Short stalked purslane Parakeelya Coastal Pig face Native carrot Native wisteria Knotted Club Rush Sword sedge Coastal daisy bush Knotted pea Berry salt bush Shining fan flower Hairy Spinifex Native parsnip Rigid wattle Coastal/Shark tooth wattle Golden wattle Peppermint tree Dysentry bush Yellow tailflower Coastal salt bush

Swan River daisy

Page 4

APPENDIX C

Location

Species Name Caladenia latifolia Calandrina brevipedata Calindrina liniflora carpobrotus Conostylus aculeate Daucus glochidiatus Diplolaena dampieri Eucalyptus gomphocephala Exocarpus sparteus Hardenbergia comptoniana Hibbertia cuniformis Jacksonia horrid Kennedia prostrate Lepidospermua gladiatum Leucopogon parvifloris Olearia axillaria Pattersonia occidentalis Pelargonium littorale Poa drummondiana Rhagodia baccata Scaevola nitida Spyridium globulosum Trachymene pilosa Acacia cochlearis Acacia littorea Agonis flexuosa Alyxia buxifolia Anthocercis littorea Atriplex isatidea Austrostipa compressa Austrostipa flavescens Braschyscome iberiditifolia Calandrina brevipedata Calindrina liniflora carpobrotus Conostylus aculeate Daucus glochidiatus Swales Hardenbergia comptoniana Hibbertia cuniformis Isolepis nodosa Jacksonia horrid Kennedia prostrate Lepidospermua gladiatum Leucopogon parvifloris Olearia axillaria Pattersonia occidentalis Poa drummondiana Rhagodia baccata Scaevola nitida Spinifex longifolius Spyridium globulosum Trachymene pilosa Source: Dune Survey, Peppermint Grove Beach (2005).

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Common Name Pink orchard Short stalked purslane Parakeelya Coastal Pig face Prickly conostylis Native carrot Lesser dipliolaena Tuart Broom ballart Native wisteria Cutleaf hibbertia Running postman Sword sedge Coastal beard-heath Coastal daisy bush Purple flag flower Knotted pea Berry salt bush Shining fan flower Basket bush Native parsnip Rigid wattle Coastal/Shark tooth wattle Peppermint tree Dysentry bush Yellow tailflower Coastal salt bush

Swan River daisy Short stalked purslane Parakeelya Coastal Pig face Prickly conostylis Native carrot Native wisteria Cutleaf hibbertia Knotted Club Rush Running postman Sword sedge Coastal beard-heath Coastal daisy bush Purple flag flower Knotted pea Berry salt bush Shining fan flower Beach Spinifex Basket bush Native parsnip

Page 5

APPENDIX C

3.2

Propagation Plan

The purpose of the propagation plan is to describe the proposed methods of acquiring different plant species. Table 3.2 below provides more details on how some of the plant species found in the Study Area can be propagated. Please refer to Coastal Planning and Management Manual (WAPC, 2003) and other resources which can provide further information on the characteristics of many coastal plant species and the methods of plant propagation and planting. Please note that this list only includes a selection of local native species which are recommended to be propagated from seeds. Other plant species can also be propagated using these techniques as a guide.

Different propagation methods include the collection of seeds, seedlings or cuttings. In some cases, a combination of revegetation techniques can be used for certain species. Seeds can be collected from plants on the dunes and from commercial suppliers. It is recommended that an experienced seed collector or horticulturalist is present during seed collection and taking cuttings to ensure the species being collected is correct. Seedlings can either be grown by the Shire from seeds in small pots or punnets and replanted in the reserve, or they can be acquired from a nursery and planted in the Study Area. Plants should be of a local provenance (i.e. from an areas within 10 kilometres from the Study Area).

Table 3.2 – Plant Propagation Methods for native plant species found in the reserve.

Common Name Rigid Wattle

Scientific Name Acacia cochlearis  

Time of year to collect seed December – January

Method of seed acquisition Scarify seeds (remove the seedcoat with a scalpel) or immerse in hot water and leave to soak for 1224 hours. Plant may cause rash to seed collectors.

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Coastal Wattle

Acacia cyclops 

NovemberJanuary

Coastal/Shar k tooth wattle

Acacia littorea 

OctoberJanuray

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Summer scented wattle

Acacia rostellifera 

November February

Golden Wreath Wattle

Acacia saligna 

December

Pods split to release the seeds.

Collect ripe pods during summer as they are dry and split easily. The hard coats surrounding the seeds delay germination and require removal. Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

West Coast Wattle

Acacia truncate 

November – December

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Prickle Lily

Acanthocarpus preissii 

December – January

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Propagation Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Direct seeding in degraded areas.

Only sow seeds which have swollen from pre-treatment. Seeds do not have to be buried in soil.

Allow natural regeneration to occur as the plant produces underground stems from which seedlings grow.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m

Page 6

APPENDIX C

Common Name

Scientific Name

Time of year to collect seed

Method of seed acquisition

Peppermint

Agnosis flexuosa 

April

Coastal salt bush Dampier’s Rose

Atriplex isatidea 

March-June

Diplolaena dampieri 

November – January

Tar bush

Eremophila glabra  Eucalyptus gomphocephala

SeptemberJanuary

Native wisteria

Hardenbergia comptoniata 

NovemberJanuary

Cutleaf Hibbertia

Hibbertia cuneiformis 

December – January

Knotted Club Rush

Isolepis nodosa 

December-April

Running postman

Kennedia prostrate 

NovemberDecember

Coastal Sword Sedge Coastal Daisy Bush

Lepidosperma glatiatum 

December – March

Olearis axillaris 

January

Prune stems and beat over seed traps.

Berry Saltbush

Rhagodia baccata 

FebruaryMarch

Dry berries in paper bag in the sun, no need to wash, clean flesh from berries.

Quandong

Santalum acuminatum

October – November

Thick-leaved Fanflower

Scaevola crassifolia 

December – April

Hairy Spinifex

Spinifex hirsuita 

NovemberMarch

Collect drupes from the plant only when ripe. The stone can be extracted from the flesh and planted.

Tip seed bearing stems up-sidedown or collect with a vacuum cleaner after seed has fallen Collect whole seed heads where male and female plants grow close together (male flowers are hemispherical with spikes 8cm long

Tuart

All year – autumn best

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Collect capsules manually and leave to dry so seeds can be easily extracted.

Pre-treat seed by soaking for 1-24 hours.

Scarify or hot-water-treat seed.

Collect capsules (brown nuts) manually and leave to dry so seeds can be easily extracted. Place nuts in paper bag and they will release the seeds.

Pods burst and expel seed on hot days, so collect early and store in paper bags. Scarify or hot-watertreat seeds.

Scarify or hot-water-treat seeds.

Propagation intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas.

Can use cuttings or seeds. Plant at 1.5m intervals.

Cuttings are easier. Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Can use cuttings or seeds. Plant at 0.5-1m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 2m intervals.

Can use cuttings or scarified seed (seed can be insect damaged). Plant at 2m intervals.

Can grow by division, transplants or seeds. Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 0.5-1.5m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings into the reserve or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 1.5m intervals.

Can grow via division or transplants.

Plant at 2m intervals.

Prunings can also be used for brushing over coastal dunes. Seed readily germinates. Plant at 2m intervals.

Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas. Plant at 2m intervals.

Require frequent watering in summer for the first two years. Plant at 3-4m intervals.

Seed germinates readily in compacted seed beds. Can also use leaf or stem cuttings. Plant at 2-3m intervals.

Obtain cuttings (40-60cm long with several nodes) and plant 30-50cm deep and 80-100cm apart in a nursery before transplanting. Plant at 1-2m

Page 7

APPENDIX C

Common Name

Scientific Name

Time of year to collect seed

Beach Spinifex

Spinifex longifolius 

NovemberDecember

Marine Couch

Sporobolus virginicus

All year

Method of seed acquisition and female flowers are spherical with seeds in the centre) Collect whole or half seed heads where male and female plants grow close together (male flowers have spikelets alternately arranged on clustered spikes and female flowers are spherical with seeds in the centre). n/a

Propagation intervals.

Grow cuttings in a nursery before transplanting. Seeds can be scattered and brushed or seeds can be grown in punnets and seedlings transplanted.

Plant at 1-2m intervals.

Cuttings are easier. Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds in revegetation areas.

Basket bush Spyridium December Rub capsules between hands to Can grow seeds in punnets/pots and globulosum extract the small red seeds. Collect transfer seedlings or can scatter seeds  capsules manually and leave to dry in revegetation areas (no need to cover so seeds can be easily extracted. in soil).

Adapted from Leaf and Branch Trees and Tall Shrubs of Perth, Department of Conservation and Land Management, (1990) and Coastal Planning and Management Manual (2003), WAPC. Symbols:  - Windbreaker/shelter  - Stabiliser  - Ornamental - People control (prickly)

3.3

Direct Seeding

Direct seeding involves spreading seed of native plants onto the areas requiring revegetation. This method of revegetation is recommended for species that produce large numbers of seeds that can be easily collected (using Table 3.2 above as a guide). It is also more cost effective and less labourintensive than planting seedlings.

Seeds can be collected through seed-suppliers, or obtained directly from the plants in the Study Area.

The type of fruit (in which the seeds are contained), the method of obtaining the seeds and the subsequent storage of seeds will vary slightly depending on the species. . It is recommended that an experienced seed collector or horticulturalist is present during seed collection and taking cuttings to ensure the species being collected is correct.

Some general tips for collecting seeds are as follows: Only collect seeds from healthy plants and those that are surrounded by plants of the same species within 20 metres away Any seed that appears to have been attacked by insects or fungus should be avoided Collect seeds from at least 5 different plants of the same species It is also better to pick seeds that are ripe as they will store better.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Rehabilitation and Weed Control Management Plan

Page 8

APPENDIX C

Seeds can be collected the following ways, depending on the plant and how they are stored: by hand or with secateurs with tweezers (for small seeds and fruit) by placing bags or stockings over fruit to catch the seed when it is ready to fall by knocking the plant to make the fruit or seeds fall into a bag or bucket.

If it is decided that the seed will be obtained from a seed-supplier, it might be beneficial to establish a long-term contract to help reduce costs. It is also important to specify that seeds should be obtained from a local provenance.

Once seeds are extracted from existing plants or from seed-suppliers they should be stored in a jar with a screw-top lid in a cool, dry place which is also insect and vermin proof (ensure the seeds from separate plant species are stored in separate jars). All jars should be labelled with the species name, and details about where the seed was collected and the date. If seed is obtained from a seed-supplier, the details of where and when the seed was collected should be acquired and documented.

The seeding method used depends on the area requiring revegetation, the topography of the site and the type of seed used. Seeds should be combined with sand or another inert material such as vermiculite before spreading takes place. As the area to be revegetated is relatively small and undulating, it is recommended that seeds are spread manually (â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;broadcastingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;).

By summarising all the above information, it is recommended that the following steps are taken for direct seeding: Collect seeds during spring/early summer (although this timing varies for some species) Treat seeds if necessary (e.g. smoke treated or scarified) Store seeds appropriately until seeding is to take place Erect fencing and signs around areas where seeding is to take place Remove any weeds present in the area in which seeding is to be taken place (by spraying herbicides or manually removing) Carry out seeding during summer Spread the seeds over the area to be revegetated manually (seeds should be combined with sand or other inert material).

3.4

Cuttings

Another method of plant propagation is by cutting a stem or shoot from a plant and placing it into soil to enable it to grow into an individual plant. The general guidelines to follow when obtaining plant cuttings is as follows: Only cut soft wood (shoots not more than a few weeks old) or semi-hard wood (shoots approximately three months old) depending on the plant species (a good indication is if the branch is bent to 90o and bounces back, it is good to cut) Collect cuttings during autumn to late spring Remove the leaves on the bottom two-thirds of the stem Insert the end that was cut into hormone powder such as Indole butyric acid (IBA) (this will assist in growth)

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Manually dig a small hole in a punnet or pot filled with soil and gently place the cutting inside Firmly press down on the soil around the cutting Ensure the cutting is watered well and is not placed in direct sunlight Once plants are approximately 15-30cm high (as opposed to 5-10 cm high) they can be transplanted Dig small holes in the soil in the area to be revegetated and place cuttings within Situate cuttings approximately one metre apart.

Some species that can be propagated through the collected of cuttings include the following (refer to Table 3.2): Olearis axillaris Scaevola crassifolia Hibbertia hypericoides Lepidosperma gladiatum (can also be propagated using seeds).

3.5

Planting Program

Planting encompasses the placement of seedlings and cuttings into the soil. It is usually most advantageous after the first rains in early winter as the soil is moist and enough water is available for plant growth. Other factors that need to be considered is the amount of protective cover (from surrounding vegetation and protection from human impact), the landscape stability and the extent of weeds. Some of these issues should be dealt with before planting or seeding occurs. For example, fencing can be erected around areas that are undergoing natural regeneration and areas that will be revegetated and weed control should be carried out.

3.6

Natural Regeneration

Mature, native plants will naturally reproduce, disperse and regenerate in the area. Depending on the plant species and its method of reproduction, most native plants will release seeds into the surrounding environment which will naturally regenerate (providing the area is not dominated by weeds). This is the most preferred method of restoration in natural areas in some situations as it decreases the risk of introducing weeds and disease into the area and is inexpensive.

The most important action to take in this instance is to ensure that these areas (as well as any area undergoing restoration) are not disturbed by human activity. Weed and disease control is also recommended and regular monitoring should also occur.

3.7

Seedlings

Seedlings can either be obtained directly from a nursery, or they can be grown from seeds or cuttings in small pots. When purchasing seedlings from nurseries, it would be useful to consider the information contained in Seedling Quality, Making Informed Choices (2002) by the Department of Conservation and Land Management.

It is also a possibility that seedlings can be grown in-house using either seeds or cuttings gathered from plants in the reserve or from seeds acquired from seed collectors. Seeds planted in pots and transferred as seedlings into the reserve will possibly result in a greater survival rate, although it is more labour intensive than direct seeding. However, it might be a viable option if the community are involved with planting.

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Depending on the plant species, seedlings should be approximately 10-15cm high when being planted and have a well-developed root system. The following steps should be taken when planting seedlings: Carry out weed control (spraying and manual removal of weeds) in autumn.

Commence planting in early winter.

Remove any weeds present in the soil from the seedling.

Scrape loose sand from the roots to reveal moist soil.

Dig a hole in the soil with a trowel or stick so it is approximately 175 mm deep.

Add a small amount of mulch or a water absorbing agent to the base of the hole to help with water retention around the roots of the seedling.

Gently place the seedling inside the hole and fill the remainder of the hole with soil and press firmly around the base of the seedling.

Table 3.2 provides an indication of the plant density. As a general rule, shrubs should be planted at 2-3 metre intervals and trees at 4-5 metre intervals. Seed is generally applied at a rate of 6kg/hectare in more disturbed areas and 3kg/hectare in areas where some vegetation and regeneration has occurred.

3.8

Species Density

The native species density refers to the number or amount of each individual species present. The overall density of all native plants compared to weed species is also important as the aim is to reduce the density of weeds.

A general rule for revegetation is that shrubs and small trees should be planted 0.25 metres apart (i.e.

4/m2) and trees can be planted 2 metres apart (i.e. 0.5/m2). Seed is generally applied at a rate of 6kg/hectare in more disturbed areas and 3kg/hectare in areas where some vegetation and regeneration has occurred.

3.9

Priority Areas

The areas for revegetation and weed control are identified in Figures 7.2a and 7.5b of the main report.

In general, the areas with high priority are areas where pedestrian paths are to be realigned, informal paths and near current pathways and car parks. The relative priority of each rehabilitation area is also indicated on the plans. The definition for high, medium and low priority is defined as follows: high priority requires immediate action medium priority is recommended following rehabilitation in high priority areas, but is still fairly urgent low priority is less urgent and more applicable for the long-term management of the beach.

Long-term rehabilitation will occur over a period of approximately 10 years. This requires the rehabilitation of low priority areas, the maintenance of previously restored areas and the continued protection of vegetation from human disturbance to allow natural regeneration to occur. This process also requires the integration of community education and involvement, monitoring of facilities and access (such as fencing) and ensuring that weed control and rehabilitation occur as soon as disturbance occurs.In general, the higher priority areas are those that are more closely located to car parks and public facilities such as pedestrian paths.

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APPENDIX C

4.1

Introduction

Control of weeds can be achieved by removing or killing weeds already present, revegetating degraded and disturbed areas and by ensuring that current vegetation is not further disturbed. Manual control includes removing weeds by hand-pulling, digging, ripping etc. Another method is chemical control in which herbicides are applied through a number of means (e.g. injection, cut stump, drill and fill etc.).

Examples of herbicides which can be used include the following: Glyphosate (such as ‘Roundup’) is selective on some grasses Triclopyr (such as ‘Garlon’) and metsulfuron methyl (such as ‘Brush-off’) are effective on woody weeds and will leave grasses intact ‘Fusilade®’ is effective against exotic annual grasses (rather than native perennials).

Another method of controlling weeds is through public education. The community should be informed on the issues associated with weeds, how they could potentially increase the problem and how they can help by reporting the occurrence of weeds. Other methods of weed control includes the use of fire, biocontrol, heat, smothering, nutrient and moisture manipulation and scalping.

If weeds are removed from an area (particularly on dunes), it is important that native species are present or are planted in order to reduce unnecessary erosion. In many situations, weed removal is necessary before trees and shrubs are planted on dunes. However if there is a high density of weeds it would be beneficial to limit weed removal to the immediate area of where the tree or shrub is to be planted and conduct further weed control once native plants have become more established. Refer to Table 3.1 above for an indication of the native species which should be planted on different areas of the dune system.

4.2

Recommended Methods

Guidelines that should be followed for weed control are listed below (please note that different methods of control will be more effective for different weed species. Specific control measures for specific weeds are explained further below in Table 4.1). It is also recommended that outside sources are also consulted such as Bushland Weeds: A Practical Guide to their Management (Brown and Brooks, 2002) and the Coastal Planning and Management Manual (WAPC, 2003).

1. Remember that prevention is better than a cure – every attempt should be made to prevent the spread of weeds from adjoining land uses (such as residential areas) as much as possible.

2. Start with least-infested sites and work towards heavily-infested areas.

3. The dune survey identified a higher density of weeds in the southern section of the study area and less to the north. As development has recently occurred in the northern area, it should be the focus for the prevention of the spread of weeds, public education and weed control.

4. Weeds generally colonise disturbed areas where they have little competition. Revegetation of disturbed areas will help decrease the area that weeds will flourish.

5. Weeds should be controlled by both manual weeding and through the use of herbicides.

However, manual weeding should be used as much as possible as herbicides can damage and inhibit the growth of native plants.

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APPENDIX C

6. Weed removal is most effective during autumn when weeds flourish.

7. If grass weed species are present (and no native grasses have been planted for revegetation), then grass-specific herbicides could be used, which will be less harmful to native plants, such as Glyphosate Bi Active.

8. If the weeds present are taller than the native plants, wick applicators can be used to apply herbicide specifically on the weed.

9. Herbicides can be ‘spot sprayed’ on isolated or small clumps of weeds and ‘blanket sprayed’ on larger infestations.

10. Ensure weed control is staged to prevent exposure of large, bare areas which can be susceptible to erosion.

11. Educate the community to make them appreciate the threat weeds have on the environment, to make them more aware of how they can contribute to spreading weeds (such as dumping rubbish) and how they can help. One option could be to run activities as part of national Weedbuster Week in October (www.weedbusterweek.info.au). Encouraging the community to plant native species in their gardens will also assist in the control of weeds.

12. Monitor the occurrence and spread of weeds and carry out further control if targets have not been met or if results are worse than previously.

Table 4.1 – Weed Control Mechanisms Name

Control Method

Priority

Ammophila arenaria (Marram grass)

Control through physical removal. Originally bought to Australia to help stabilise dunes.

High if found

Arctotheca popuifolia (Pimpernel)

Only control if there is no danger of dune blowout.

Moderate

Avena barbata (Wild oats)

Use grass-specific herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active (too difficult to control manually as individual plants are numerous in infested areas). They are mainly found in disturbed areas, so revegetation may help reduce its presence.

Moderate

Briza maxima (Blow fly grass)

Easy to control though the use of grass-specific herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active.

Low

Bromus dianrus

Use grass-specific herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active as manual control is too difficult.

High

Cakile maritime (Sea Rocket)

Imprtant for dune stabilisation. Only remove if adequate vegetation cover exists. Hand pul infestations or spray with a selective herbicide such as Metosulam®.

Moderate

Crassula glomerata

Fleshy stems might make it difficult to control.

Moderate

Cynodon dactylon (Couch grass)

Can use Glyphospahte. If growing amongst native vegetation, use Fusilade®.

Moderate

(Great Brome)

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APPENDIX C

Name

Control Method

Priority

Ehrharta calycina (perennial veldt grass)

Remove small infestations by hand, but use grass-specific herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active on larger areas.

Moderate

Ehrharta longiflora (annual veldt grass)

Remove small infestations by hand, but use grass-specific herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active or Fusilade® on larger areas.

Moderate

Euphorbia paralias (Sea spurge)

Spray foliage with a hormone herbicide such as 2,4-D amine (0.05g in 10L with 10mL wetting agent). WARNING – the milky sap from this plant irritates the skin and can cause temporary blindness if it gets into the eye. Mechanical removal is therefore not recommended.

Moderate

Euphorbia peplus (Petty spurge)

Spray foliage with a hormone herbicide such as 2,4-D amine (0.05g in 10L with 10mL wetting agent). WARNING – the milky sap from this plant irritates the skin and can cause temporary blindness if it gets into the eye. Mechanical removal is therefore not recommended.

Moderate

Fumaria capreolata (Fumitory)

Hand pull small infestations. Spray in winter with Glyphosphate on the foliage (50ml in 100mL of water).

Low

Galium aparine (Cleavers)

Declared Weed - P1 and P2 category. P2 requires that all plants are treated to be destroyed and to prevent propagation. Use a herbicide (Bromicide MA) at a rate of 750mL per hectare. Apply to actively growing weeds to 2-4 stems with 1-3 whorls of leaves per stem.

High (Declared Weed)

Lagurus ovatus (Hare’s tail grass)

Dense plantings of native vegetation will outcompete this weed. Spray foliage with Fusilade®.

High

Lolium rididum (Annual rye grass)

Use selective grass herbicides such as Glyphosate Bi Active.

Moderate

Pelargonium capitatum (Rose Pelargonium)

Hand pull seedlings. Do not manually remove large plants. Spray with 2,4-D amine (10mL in 10L water plus 25% wetting agent).

High

Tetragonia decumbens (sea spinach)

Use herbicide as dead plant can still be used to hinder erosion of dunes. Found in disturbed areas on coastal dunes. Do not remove if there is danger of erosion of dunes.

Low

Trachyandra divaricata (dune onion weed)

Use herbicide such as Glyphosate Bi Active as dead plant can still be used to hinder erosion of dunes. Do not remove if there is danger of erosion of dunes.

Low

Zantedeschia aethioppica (Arum Lily)

Spray foliage with Brushoff® (several applications might be required).

Trey to spray before flowering to stop dispersal of seed. Manual removal is also an option.

High

Adapted from Coastal Planning and Management Manual (WAPC, 2003).

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Declared plant in Western Australia

Cleavers (Galium aparine)

Declaration (Code: C= City; S=Shire; T=Town) Category : Location :

P1; P2 For the whole of the State.

Standard Control Codes (these may vary for individual plants)

P1 REQUIREMENTS Prohibits movement

The movement of plants or their seeds is prohibited within the State.

This prohibits the movement of contaminated machinery and produce including livestock and fodder.

P2 REQUIREMENTS Aim is to eradicate infestation

Treat all plants to destroy and prevent propagation each year until no plants remain. The infested area must be managed in such a way that prevents the spread of seed or plant parts on or in livestock, fodder, grain, vehicles and/or machinery.

Control Method Recommended herbicides

:

Herbicide Active ingredient and Group Rate of product per hectare Time of application

: :

•

Actively growing Jaguar®, Barracuda Bromicide MA

:

Jaguar® (South Australian recommendation) 250 g/litre bromoxynil (Group C)+ 25 g/litre diflufenican (Group F) 1 litre

:

Early post emergence of weeds. Up to 1 whorl stage of weed.

1

Declared plant in Western Australia

Remarks

:

More information

:

And other control measures

:

Apply to actively growing weeds. If crop or weed density is high it will be necessary to use high volume of application e.g. up to 100 L/ha.

Cleavers is a P1/P2 weed and eradication is essential: other more drastic treatments may be required to achieve eradication.

Similar product Barracuda® will give suppression

Herbicide Active ingredient Rate of product per hectare Time of application Remarks

: : :

Bromicide MA 200 g/L bromoxynil (Group C)+ 200 g/L MCPA (Group I) 750 mL

: :

2 - 4 stems with 1 - 3 whorls of leaves per stem Use minimum of 50 L water per hectare

Weed Description Family Form Status

: : :

Rubiaceae Herbaceous climber – Annual Present in WA

Cotyledons: Oval and wider towards the base. The apex is notched Stems:

Sprawling stems sometimes greater than 1 metre long. Stems are square (if cut across) and have minute backward pointing prickles on the corners

Leaves:

Mature leaves are narrow, with a soft pointed tip, arranged in whorls of 6-8 (ie they are all attached at the same point or node). In mature plant, leaves have fine backward pointing prickles on the margin.

Flowers:

Small, four white petals.

Fruit:

Globular and densely covered with hooked bristles and produced in pairs; each fruit is 3mm in diameter.

See description of Galium tricornutum (three horned bedstraw) for differences between the two species.

Other relevant information related to this topic: • • • • •

Quarantine WA Permitted and quarantine species list Farmnote 43/03 Permit for minor off-label-use of a registered agvet chemical product (Permit number – per9655) Off-label permit (olp) for use of a registered agvet chemical product (Permit number - per4590)

2

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Capel River Reserve Formalise path over the Water Corporation Reserve (including fencing).

Provide a viewing platform on the hilltop at the eastern end of the track.

Install interpretative signage at the viewing platform including information about the environmental and heritage values of the area.

Formalise a path towards the river for fishing.

Photos of the mouth of the Capel River taken from low-lying ground and on the track across the dunes.

Pedestrian path leading to the Water Corporation Reserve Revegetation and weed removal.

Fencing once rehabilitation has commenced.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

The river and the gravel access track at the viewing area, facing east.

Wedge-tailed eagles flying over the wetland area from the Tuart forest.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

The wetlands directly behind the dunes and the Tuart forest in the background.

The mouth of the Capel River at what is a popular fishing area.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Pedestrian path opposite Bila Close Vegetation exists along the pathway (as can be seen in the photo below) and should be monitored for signs of disturbance. Fencing might be required should disturbance occur and weed control required if weeds become present.

Pedestrian path leading to the pathway behind the dunes opposite Bila Close.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Fencing behind dunes north of Barndi Walk A majority of the pathway is fenced as can be seen in the photo below.

However, the section of the path leading from Barndi Walk car park (right-hand picture below) is not fenced. This section of the pathway should be fenced to prevent disturbance to the vegetaiton.

Path behind dunes where it intersects with the pedestrian access path.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Path extending behind dunes from Barndi Walk car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Barndi Walk car park Fencing around car park needs replacing.

Fencing along vehicle access is required.

Install interpretative signage to provide information on environmental and heritage values.

Install directional signage to further advise on vehicle restrictions and to direct pedestrians to pathways.

A toilet block (including showers) and a drinking fountain should be developed (precise location to be determined).

Vehicle access point at Barndi Walk.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Pedestrian Path at Ocean Blue Loop Vegetation exists along the pathway (as can be seen in the photo below) and should be monitored for signs of disturbance. Fencing might be required should disturbance occur and weed control required if weeds become present.

Pedestrian path leading to the pathway behind the dunes at Ocean Blue Loop.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Cape View Lane North pedestrian pathway The pathway needs to be realigned at the western end so it is angled to the north The fence needs replacing, particularly at the western end where it approaches the beach.

Dunes at the end of the path needs to be stabilised and revegetated once the path has been realigned.

Cape View Lane North pedestrian pathway leading to the beach as well as the pathway behind the dunes.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

End of pedestrian access path â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Cape View Lane North.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Cape View Lane South pedestrian pathway The concrete path is extremely steep as it crosses the dune. It is recommended that the concrete path remains and that its use is monitored. It is recommended that the Council consider its replacement with timber steps.

Dune stabilisation and revegetation will be required once the path is replaced to prevent dune erosion

Start of pedestrian access path at Cape View Lane South.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Path leading to the beach â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Cape View Lane South.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

View of the path at Cape View Lane South from the beach facing east.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Condition of fencing at Cape View Lane South.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Bay Crescent pedestrian pathway Fencing along the path should be replaced, but at a low priority.

Protection of dune vegetation to prevent dune de-stabilisation and erosion.

The start of the path at Bay Crescent.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

The central area of pedestrian access path at Bay Crescent.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

The end section of the pedestrian access path from Bay Crescent.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Path behind dunes between Bay Crescent and Barndi Walk.

Dune reserves in this area should be monitored for signs of disturbance. Fencing should be replaced with 1.6metre high ringlock fencing should disturbance be evident.

Near Cape View Lane North facing north.

The path behind the dunes travelling north.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

The intersection of the path at Cape View Lane South.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Pedestrian pathway from View Court leading to Wave Walk Car Park Monitor dune vegetation and revegetate if disturbance is evident.

Install interpretative signage (including environmental and heritage information) where the steps commence (i.e. where the lookout exists).

Start of the path from View Court to Wave Walk car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the steps leading to Wave Walk car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Wave Walk Car Park Ensure vehicle access remains closed (except for emergency vehicles).

Fence the vehicle access track.

Install signage to advise of vehicle restrictions.

Replace fencing around carpark with 1.6 metre high ringlock fencing to prevent disturbance to dunes.

Fence and formalise pedestrian path leading to the beach.

Stabilise and revegetate dunes near the pathway.

Regularly maintain toilet block.

Install interpretative/educative signage near pedestrian pathway.

Toilets at Wave Walk.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of Wave Walk car park, surrounding dunes and homes.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

View of the pedestrian access from Wave Walk car park.

View of the pedestrian path at Wave Walk taken from the beach facing east.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the pedestrian path at Wave Walk as it crosses the dunes.

View of the vehicle access at Wave Walk (currently closed).

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Periwinkle Place pedestrian pathway Realign pedestrian path Remove old fencing and replace with 1.6 metre high ringlock fencing Stabilise dunes and revegetate once path has been realigned.

Place interpretative signage at the commencement of the path.

View of the start of the pedestrian access path at Periwinkle Place.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the path midway along showing the sand covering the path.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

View of the pedestrian path at Periwinkle Place showing where sand now covers the path and the fence.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Peppermint Grove Beach car park Ensure vehicle access remains closed (except for emergency vehicles).

Some dune stablilisation and revegetation has occurred, however it is recommended that further weed control takes place as well as more revegetation.

Dune stablilisation and revegetation required west of playground and picnic area where a fence has recently been erected.

Extend shade at BBQ area.

Add another BBQ under shade.

Add another BBQ and picnic bench at the opposite side of playground.

Formalise a grassed picnic area near toilet block.

Consider the provision of a mobile kiosk during high-use periods.

Replace fencing on the west side of the dunes at the beach.

Install interpretative signage close to pedestrian access paths and near the picnic area and playground containing information about the environmental and heritage values of the site.

Install directional signage to further advise on vehicle restrictions and to direct pedestrians to pathways.

View of the car parking area at Peppermint Grove Beach main car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the grassed area next to the toilets at Peppermint Grove Beach.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

View of the playground and BBQ area at PGB taken from the carpark.

View of the dunes to the west of the fence at the playground.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

The dunes behind the newly installed fence near the playground.

View of the access path leading from the playground to the beach.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Pathway between dunes and private allotments linking Peppermint Grove Road to Gwenydd Way Allow this pathway to remain informal as it is to provides access for residents from Gwenydd Way and further south to Peppermint Grove Beach car park.

Monitor the dunes west of the path. If informal tracks and dune disturbance is evident then further action should be taken.

Vehicle access from Peppermint Grove Road behind the homes.

View of the vehicle access behind private property.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Pedestrian access from the car park (close to the bus shelter).

View of the access track behind a private backyard.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

View of the access track behind private allotments which narrows approximately halfway along its length.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the pedestrian access leading from Gwenydd Way.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Mt Stirling/Hardeyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Walk Formalise a pathway extending from the fire access path to the top of the hill.

Install directional signage to indicate to residents and visitors about the existence of the path to Mt Stirling (to prevent disturbance elsewhere).

Install a viewing platform/lookout at the top of the hill.

Install interpretative signage along the track including information about the environmental and heritage values of the site.

View of the emergency fire vehicle and pedestrian access from Peppermint Grove Road.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the existing emergency fire access track near the top of the hill.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Campbell Road pedestrian pathway Replace existing fencing with with ringlock fencing, but at a low priority. Also remove bollards near the beach.

Install low-level interpretative signage along the pathway to provide information about the different vegetation communities the pathway passes through and about the variety of flora and fauna species and habitat value

View of the start of the pedestrian path at Campbell Road.

End of the path showing the end of the fenceline and buried railings.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Pathway leading to the beach from Campbell Road.

The end of the path where it crosses the primary dunes to the beach.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Connell Court pedestrian pathway Replace existing fencing with with ringlock fencing, but at a low priority. Also remove bollards near the beach.

Install low-level interpretative signage along the pathway to provide information about the different vegetation communities the pathway passes through and about the variety of flora and fauna species and habitat value.

View of the start of the pedestrian path at Connell Court.

View of the excellent condition of the primary dunes and vegetation Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

View of the Connell Court path where it crosses the primary dune system.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Summers View pedestrian pathway Replace existing fencing with with ringlock fencing, but at a low priority. Also remove bollards near the beach.

Install low-level interpretative signage along the pathway to provide information about the different vegetation communities the pathway passes through and about the variety of flora and fauna species and habitat value.

View of the start of the pedestrian path at Summers View.

Location where the path from Summer View links to the path from Hardey Terrace car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Picture of Summers View path leading to the beach.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations Hardey Terrace car park Fence around the car park should be replaced with 1.6 metre high ringlock fencing.

Pedestrian path leading to the beach needs to be realigned as it is currently under sand. The path should remain as sand.

The fencing and railings along the pedestrian access path needs to be replaced.

Install interpretative signage to provide information on environmental and heritage values.

Install directional signage to further advise on vehicle restrictions and to direct pedestrians to pathways.

South Peppermint Grove Beach car park (Hardey Terrace) showing the pedestrian access path.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

The dunes at the southern end of the Hardey Terrace car park.

Picture of Hardey Terrace car park taken facing south.

The dunes and the pedestrian path leading from Summers View taken facing north at Hardyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Terrace The start of the pedestrian path at Hardey Terrace car park.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan Photos of Access Points and Management Recommendations

The vehicle access at Hardey terrace car park.

Evidence of the buried fence and concrete bollard under the sand.

Peppermint Grove Beach Management Plan â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Appendix E

The pedestrian path leading from Hardey Terrace car park, taken near the beach showing the amount of sand cover and the exposure of the railing.

Soil-landscape units The land resources of the Study Area have been previously documented by the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA). The land resource information referred to in this report encompasses land systems and phases as identified by the DAFWA. The land systems delineate areas of similar soil, vegetation and topographical characteristics (AGMAPS, 2003).

The Study Area is predominantly located within the Quindalup soil-landform unit which generally consists of similar soil, vegetation and topography characteristics as described in Table 1.1 below. The far eastern side of the Study Area consists of the Vasse soil-landscape unit.

Table 1.1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; General Description of the Quindalup and Vasse Soil-Landscape Units.

Unit Quindalup System

Vasse System

Description

Characteristics

Parabolic and nested parabolic sand dunes of Holocene age. It comprises four units: the beach and beach ridge, vegetated linear dunes, vegetated parabolic dunes and mobile parabolic dunes. The dunes form a natural barrier between the coast and the low lying plain behind.

Location:

Lies behind the Quindalup Dune System and runs parallel to the coast. It contains linear estuarine wetlands. These wetlands are remnants of a former, more extensive, estuarine system located in a swale of the Spearwood Dunes which has been partially covered by the inland progression of the Quindalup parabolic dune system.

Location:

Landform: Geology: Soils: Vegetation:

Landform:

Geology: Soils: Vegetation:

Western margin of the Swan Coastal Plain.

Coastal dunes with sand flats.

Aeolian sand over sedimentary rocks.

Calcareous sands.

Mixed coastal scrub.

Western Swan Coastal Plain from Perth to Dunsborough.

Estuaries, swampy depressions and poorly drained flats.

Alluvium over sedimentary rocks.

Wet soils and pale deep sands.

Samphire flats and paperbark woodlands.

Source: AGMAPS (2003), DAFWA.

Phases Each soil-landscape unit is further characterised into specific phases. The information provided by DAFWA indicates that the Study Area consists of 6 soils phases. A description of the phases within the Spearwood soil-landform unit is provided in the Tables 1.2 and 1.3 below.

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APPENDIX F

Table 1.2 – General Description of Soil Phases Phase

Description

Soil types

211QuU_BEACH Quindalup South water, beach Phase

Land attribute for dominant soil type1

Beach

Calcareous Deep Sand

Poor sand, very deep

Calcareous Deep Sand

Poor sand, very deep

Calcareous Deep Sand

Poor sand, very deep

Calcareous Deep Sand and yellow/brown shallow sand

Poor sand, very deep

Semi wet soil

Poorly drained drainage depression, salt risk

Semi wet soil

Poorly drained flat, salt risk

211Qu_Qp1 Quindalup South Qp1 Phase 211Qu_Qp2 Quindalup South Qp2 Phase 211Qu_Qp3 Quindalup South Qp3 Phase

Complex of nested low relief parabolic dunes with moderate to steep slopes and uniform calcareous sands showing variable depths of surface darkening.

Long walled dicrete parabolic dunes with moderate to steep slopes and uniform calcareous sands showing variable depths of surface darkening.

Subdued (small) parabolic dunes on the eastern margins of the dune system with uniform calcareous sands.

211VaWOwy Estuaries, low lying depressions which are Vasse Wonnerup often underwater in winter and saline in very wet saline flats summer.

Phase 211VaWOw Poorly drained flats around the edge of the Vasse Wonnerup Vasse Estuary. Dark calcareous sands and wet flats Phase mixed estuarine deposits.

Source: AGMAPS (2003), DAFWA.

Land qualities Land qualities are the physical attributes of land that influence its capability for a specified use (DAFWA, 2003). General land qualities associated with each land system phase are identified in Table 1.3.

Table 1.3 – Land qualities of the different soil phases Land Quality – Degradation Risk Phase

Phosphorus Export

Existing salinity

Water erosion

Water-logging

Wind erosion

100% has an extreme risk

0% is presently saline

100% has a high risk

100% has a nil to moderate risk

100% has an extreme risk

211Qu_Qp1

5% has an extreme risk

0% is presently saline

20% has an extreme risk

100% has a nil to moderate risk

20% has an extreme risk

211Qu_Qp2

5% has an extreme risk

0% is presently saline

5% has an extreme risk

100% has a nil to moderate risk

10% has an extreme risk

211Qu_Qp3

100% has a low to high risk

0% is presently saline

45% has a high risk

100% has a nil to moderate risk

20% has a very high risk

211QuU_BEACH

There are generally several soil types within each phase. The information provided in this table lists land use considerations for the dominant soil type only (at least 45%).

1

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APPENDIX F

Land Quality â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Degradation Risk Phase

Phosphorus Export

Existing salinity

Water erosion

Water-logging

Wind erosion

211VaWOwy

66% has an extreme risk

30% is presently saline

61% has an extreme risk

69% has a very high risk

0% has an extreme risk

211VaWOw

15% has an extreme risk

10% is presently saline

10% has an extreme risk

30% has a very high risk

0% has an extreme risk

Source: AGMAPS (2003), DAFWA.

Land capability A primary use of land resource information is to predict the capability of an area of land to be developed and used for a particular land use without causing damage. The land capability assessment considers the specific requirements of the land use, plus the risks of degradation associated with the land use (AGMAPS, 2003). It therefore provides for the assessment of the land to indicate its suitability for a particular land use without causing environmental degradation.

A land capability rating is not generally provided for urban, recreational or conservation land uses in the same way as for many rural or agricultural uses due to the following reasons: These land uses can be intensive The land use and development assumptions are highly variable The amount of capital normally invested in urban development (and recreational development in some cases) means that engineering solutions are used more routinely than for less intensive land uses.

Conservation land uses involve much less development and impact on the landscape. Some facilities may need to be provided, but again, engineering solutions can be used to overcome problems due to soil quality.

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APPENDIX F