Mountain Behind the City 路的盡頭有座山 - Research Book

路 的 盡 頭 有 座 山 賴奕竹

Yi-Chu Lai

都 市 郊 山

前言 Introduction 台灣有三分之二的面積為山地，而台北市的盆地地形更使得台 北的山林資源非常豐富，隨處望去都能在街道與建築背景看到 山的輪廓。這些座落於都市市區的郊山由於可及性高，因此與 城市關係十分密切。在台灣經歷了清領、日據及民國的戒嚴到 解嚴等時期的特殊背景，也影響了都市郊山空間的發展，使得 都市郊山空間展現了具歷史、地理背景意義的特性。 郊山上這些豐富的自然、歷史、社會等資源其實離我們的日常 活非常接近，但卻沒有被看見或是以妥善的方式使用與利用。 郊山與都市和市民的關係應該要被重新思考。讓更廣泛的年齡 層能去認識與親近這些隱藏在樹林裡的資源，讓山不再只是城 市的背景。 Two-thirds of Taiwan's area are mountainous, and the basin topography of Taipei City makes Taipei's mountain and forest resources very rich. You can see the outline of the mountain in the background of streets and buildings. Due to their high accessibility, these hills located in urban areas have a very close relationship with the city. Taiwan has experienced the special background of the Qing dynasty, Japanese-occupied, under martial law and out of martial law period, which also affected the development of urban hills. These backgrounds make the space of urban hills show the characteristics of historical and geographical significance.

These rich naturial, historical and social resources in the urban hill are actually very close to our daily life, but they have not been seen or used in a proper way. The relationship between the urban hills and the cities and citizens should be rethinked. Let a wider range of age could know and get close to these hidden resources in the woods, and let mountains are no longer just the background of the city.

都市郊山 Urban Hill 定義 : 高度大多小於600公尺，座落於都市市區，可及性高、可 當日來回，活動所需之裝備亦較簡單，體力消耗小，是最親近 都市居民日常生活範圍的山林資源。 Defintion : The height is mostly less than 600 meters.

Located in the urban area, has high accessibility and can go back and forth in one day. The equipment required for activities is relatively simple, and the physical consumption is small. It is the forest resource closest to the daily life of citizens.

大屯山系 Datun Cordillera

Taipei City

軍艦岩

Junjian Yan 186m

五指山系 Wuzhi Cordi 大崙頭山 mt. Daluntou 476m

金面山 劍潭山(圓山)

忠勇山

mt. Jinmian 181m

mt. Zhongyong 332m

mt. Jiantan(Yuanshan) 153m

四獸山

mt. Four Beasts 183m

福州山

mt. Fujhou 93m

蟾蜍山

mt. Chanchu 128m

南港山系 Nangang Cordillera 景美山

mt. Jingmei 144m

二格山 mt. Erge 678m

The Past Usage of Urban Hill Around Taipei

二格山系 Erge Cordillera

台北市郊山過去的使用型態 The past usage of urban hills in Taipei 過去郊山的功能以「軍事管制區」、 「產業產地」、 「墳墓地」 或未開發狀態為主，其中產業產地包括石材、茶葉或樟腦等。 In the past, the functions of urban hills were mainly military control zones, the origin of stone, tea, or camphor, etc, cemeteries or undeveloped area.

民眾自立營造現象 Self-constructed Recreation Spot 都市郊山普遍存在民眾自力營造運動休憩設施的景象，包括涼亭 、遮雨亭棚、廟宇 、羽球場、運動平台、體健設施等等，這類運 動休憩設施由民眾自行營造並提供使用者享用，部分更組成早覺 會等各類活動組織。 It is common in urban hills that people build sports and recreation facilities by themselves, including pavilions, rain shelters, temples, badminton courts, sports platforms, fitness equipment, etc. Such sports and recreation facilities are created by the citizen and provide for everybody to enjoy , some of them even organized into clubs.

illera

台北市都市郊山自力營造設施現況簡表

The Form of the Self-constructed Recreation Spot in Urban Hills of Taipei

台北市 都市郊山 Urban Hills in Taipei

自力營造設施 遮雨棚、涼 亭、停棚等 pavilion, shelter

運動平台 (體操、練功) exercise platform

Self-constructed recreation spot

球類場地 (羽球等) ball court

其他(如花園、庭 園、體健設施)

廟宇 temple

早覺會

morning club

others(graden, exercise equipment)

劍潭山 mt. Jiantan

景美山 mt. Jingmei

金面山 mt. Jinmian

福州山 mt. Fujhou

四獸山

mt. Four Beasts

南港山

mt. Nangang

二格山 mt. Erge

Data Source : 許惠傑〈台北市都市郊山休憩空間之形塑與發展〉

將基地聚焦於劍潭山(圓山風景區，俗稱圓山) 原因 : 1.位於台北市中心地區，為都市郊山的典型。

舊莊山

mt. Jiuzhuang 70m

2.活動人群相當密集，且自力營造的場地的數量與規模最大。 3.日據時期為神社特區，戒嚴時為軍事重地，而後開放為風景遊憩區，隨著不 同背景的演替具有代表性。

a

Focus the site on Jiantan Mountain (Yuanshan Scenic spot, commonly known as Yuanshan)

Quarry 清代打石場

Military Control zone 軍事管制區

Tea or Camphor’s Origin 茶葉或樟腦產地

Graveyard 墳墓用地

Undeveloped 未開發山坡地

reasons : 1. Located in the downtown area of Taipei, it is a typical type of urban hill.

2. The activity crowd is quite dense, and the number and scale of self-constructed recreation spot is the largest.

3. During the period of Japanese-occupied, it was a special zone for shrine, then becomed a military control zone during martial law, and then opened as a scenic recreation area, which represent the succession of different backgrounds.

Type And Distribution Of Recreation Spot In Jiantan Mountain 劍潭山場地類型與分佈現況

Temple Badminton Court Platform Pavilion , Warehouse Badminton Court With Cover Toilet Private Housing Ruin 廟宇

羽球場

平台

涼亭、倉庫

廁所

私人住宅

廢棄

有頂蓋羽球場

場地使用模式 Usage Pattern Of The Recreation Spot 圓山風景區內數量眾多的民眾自立 營造空間為上山民眾活動與休憩的 場所，活動時段根據場地位置與活 動組織等各不相同，主要集中在早 晨與下午。民眾在山上的活動內容 包括羽球、卡拉OK、宗教祭祀活動 體操、健身、跳舞、太極拳...等等 ，非常豐富與熱絡。使用者根據需 求搭建與整理出的場地除了進行上 述活動外，社交、煮食、吃東西等 活動也普遍附加在各個場地。另外 ，雖然場地的材料構造等各不相同 ，但也有許多相同與類似的元素在 其中例如馬賽克拼貼的桌椅和健身 器材等。 The self-constructed recreation spot in Jiantan mountain are the activity and recreation places for people. The activity time which according to the location and organization are different, mainly in the morning and afternoon.

The activities include badminton, karaoke, religious activities, exercises, fitness, dancing, Tai Chi...etc,. Beside those activities, people also have social activities, cooking, eating in each spot. In addition, although the material or structure is different, there are many similar elements in each spot, such as the tables, chairs, and fitness equipment which made of mosaic tiles.

民眾自行搭建與準備的洗手 槽、簡易瓦斯爐等設備，方 便泡茶、煮東西、聊天等活 動的逕行，也更豐富了人與 人之間的互動與社交 The sinks, simple gas stoves and other equipment built and prepared by the people are convenient for making tea, cooking, chatting and other activities, and also enriching the interaction between people.

一塊簡單的平台加上一些休息的亭 子即是人們做操健身的空間 A simple platform with resting pavilions is a space for people to do exercises

場地周圍也有許多單槓、盪鞦韆 等健身與遊憩設施，台灣傳統馬 賽克磁磚拼貼的桌椅也四處可見 There are also many fitness and recreation facilities such as horizontal bars and swings around the spot. Traditional mosaic Taiwanese tables and chairs can also be seen everywhere.

羽球活動 Badminton

宗教活動 Religious Activities

卡拉OK活動 Karaoke

多數為一塊整好的空地鋪上水泥畫上球場 的邊界線（也有些是泥土舖面或磁磚拼成 的邊界線）並加上兩根掛球網的鋼柱或水 泥柱，民眾需自行攜帶網子綁上。球場旁 邊通常會搭配遮雨棚、倉庫及桌椅等設備 供躲雨或休息使用。有些球場為了在雨天 也能進行活動而建了兩層樓高的鐵皮頂棚 ，有些甚至還舖上了PU地板。

圓山風景區內的廟宇大小規模不一，規模 較大的有圓通巖、大忠宮、藥師寺、金剛 寺等，另有許多零星之小型寺廟散落各處 。此些廟宇從民國40年代開始陸續興建， 為附近民眾進行各種宗教活動如誦經、祭 祀、普渡等活動的場所。

民眾自行安裝簡易的卡拉OK設備，通 常是該組織的會員才能使用，離開時 會將設備上鎖，使用者從四五十到七 八十歲都有，多半唱台語歌。爬山時 除了蟲鳴鳥叫最主要的聲音就是各處 傳來的歌聲。

Most of the grading ground is covered with cement and drawn on the boundary line of the badminton court (some line are made by tiles), install two steel or cement pillars for hanging nets.

People need to bring their own net to tied up. The badminton court is usually equipped with shelters, warehouses, tables and chairs and other equipment for shelter from rain or rest. Some court have built two-story sheet metal roofs in order to be able to active on rainy days, and some even have PU floors.

The temples in Yuanshan Scenic Area are in different sizes. The larger ones include Yuantongyan, Dazhonggong, Yaoshi Temple, Jingang Temple, etc.

There are also many small temples scattered around. These temples have been built successively since the 1950s, and are the places for the nearby public to do various religious activities such as chanting or offering sacrifices.

People install karaoke equipment by their own, usually only members of the organization can use it. The equipment is locked when they leave.

Users are from 40 to 80 years old, and most of them sing Taiwanese songs.

When climbing a mountain, the main sound except for the voice of insects and birds is the singing from everywhere.

劍 潭 山 發 展 脈 絡 Development Context of Jiantan Mountain

神社特區、管制區

風景名勝區

清領時期

Military Control Zo

日治時期

Qing Dynasty 1773 劍潭寺建立

軍

Sanctuary Of Shrine, Control Zone

Scenic Spot

Japanese-Occcupied 1895

The built of Jiantan Temple

1901 台灣神社建立

The built of Taiwan Shrine

1931 圓山貯水池建立

The built of Yuanshan Reservoir

The National G 1938 圓山水神社建立

The built of Water Shrine

1945

1954 李立伯將軍成立 「台灣省羽球協會」

General Li-bo Lee established "Taiwan Badminton Association"

Tra T

1895

1958

劍潭山因為風水極佳，劍潭 寺就座落於山腳下。劍潭湖 光山色，風景優美，成為名 勝景點，「劍潭幻影」為淡 水廳八景之一，也留下了不 少文人吟詠劍潭的詩句。

1952年於神社原址建立圓山大 長期成為台灣對外的國際招待 得一般民眾難以進入其內。 戒嚴時期基於軍事考量在圓山 軍事管制區，在軍事範圍內的 可見許多遺留下來的碉堡、崗

Jiantan Temple was located at the foot of the mountain because of its excellent feng-shui. And Jiantan Lake, with its beautiful scenery, has become an attraction. "Jiantan Phantom" is one of the eight scenic spots in Tamsui Canton, and it also left many works of literati chanting verses about Jiantan.

1921 日治時期在此興建了台灣神社，1937日人擴建台灣神宮，迫使劍潭寺 遷移。另興建明治橋連接基隆河兩岸，並拓寬、整建現今稱為中山北路 的道路，並命名之敕使街道，連接明治橋至台灣神社。當時的圓山是座 落威權象徵的神社的地區，台灣人不被允許到圓山活動。 Taiwan Shrine was built here during the Japanese-occcupied period.In 1937, the Japanese expanded the Taiwan Shrine and forced the relocation of Jiantan Temple. In addition, the Meiji Bridge was built to connect the two banks of the Keelung River, and the road now called Zhongshan North Road was built, and named it Imperial Street, connecting the Meiji Bridge to the Taiwan Shrine. At that time, Yuanshan was an area where a shrine was located, a symbol of authority, and Taiwanese were not allowed to go to Yuanshan.

In 1952, Grand Hotel and the Yuanshan C The Grand Hotel has been an internationa semi-official characteristic makes ordinar During the martial law period, based on m control zone was established from the foo the military area was not open to the pub posts, and barracks can be seen today.

軍事管制區、權勢階級的休憩運動場

一般市民的日常活動空間

one, The Recreational Playground For The Powerful Class

Daily Activity Space For Ordinary Citizens

國民政府遷台及戒嚴時期

解嚴後時期

Government Moved To Taiwan And Under Martial Law 1972 轉型為工業 經濟逐漸起飛

ansformation into industry The economy is taking off

1973 蔣經國推行全民體育政策 圓山大飯店落成

Ching-kuo Chiang implemented a national sports policy The Grand Hotel was completed

1981 全民登山運動 選出小百岳

Out Of Martial Law 1987

National mountaineering Selected one hundred small peaks

1998 實施周休二日

Implementation of five-day work week

1999 台北市親山計畫

2012 研擬 Taipei pro-mountain project 〈山野教育報告書〉

Developed "Report on Mountain Education"

場地陸續開闢與建立

Successively established of recreation spots

大飯店與圓山聯誼會，圓山大飯店 待場所，其半官方機構的性質，使

山山麓至大直一帶之山區建立大直 的圓山並不開放給民眾進入。現今 崗哨、營舍等軍事遺跡。

Club were bulit on the original site of the shrine. al entertainment venue of Taiwan. Its ry people difficult to approach. military considerations, the Dazhi military othills of Yuanshan to Dazhi. Yuanshan within blic. Many military relics such as bunkers, guard

1997

隨著解嚴和周休二日的實施、親山計畫的 推動，民眾進入山裡從事各種休閒活動已 是非常普遍的日常活動之一。劍潭山內大 大小小的場地也隨著使用著的需求新增設 施或漸漸廢棄。 With the abrogation of martial law and the implementation of the five-day work week, and the promotion of the pro-mountain project, people go into the mountain ang join in various leisure activities have become a very common daily activity. The recreation spots in Jiantan Mountain have also added facilities or gradually abandoned with the needs of use.

軍方階層 Military class

Why are there so many badminton courts in Jiantan Mountain? 為什麼劍潭山上有這麼多的羽球場呢?

1975 陸光羽球場 徐樹旺將軍 1978 繼光羽球場 徐樹旺將軍 1970 行建山莊 楊森將軍 戒嚴時期想從事羽球等休閒運動只有軍方體系的人士擁有權力 與空間，也因此羽球運動的發展具有濃厚的軍方色彩。在一些 將軍的推廣和指派阿兵哥將材料運上山進行搭建的工程，包括 擋土牆、地面和涼亭等並成立像是陸光、繼光等羽球隊。現在 也能從像是部隊的隊徽、將軍的題匾等地方窺見發展的脈絡。

劍 潭 山 內 場 地 的 開 闢 The Build Up Of The Receation Spot In Jiantan Mountain

During the martial law period, only those in the military system had the power and space to engage in leisure sports such as badminton. Therefore, the development of badminton has a deep relationship with the military. In the promotion of some generals and assigning soldiers to carry materials up to the mountain for construction, including retaining walls, ground and pavilions, etc., badminton teams such as Lu Guang and Ji Guang were established. Now we can see the development context from places such as the team logo of the army and the inscription of the general.

劍潭山內的羽球場建立於1960年左右，但當時 還是戒嚴時期，劍潭山又屬軍事重地，一般民眾 其實無法輕易的自由進出。 在李立伯、彭孟緝將軍的推廣下，羽球運動成為 當時的風潮。然而當時羽球運動以軍中及各公家 機關如海關、港務局、電信局、要塞司令部等為 主要人口。此外因經濟政策的制定使台灣經濟迅 速發展之下，經商人士儲備了豐厚的資產及資源 並得以有機會滲入權力階層的行列中。 因此最先開始進入山上並開闢運動場地的就是這 些擁有權勢和財力的軍官階層及商人。 The badminton court in Jiantan Mountain was established around 1960. But Jiantan Mountain was a military control zone during the period of martial law at that time, general people could not easily approach.

Under the promotion of General Li-bo Lee and Men-gji Peng, badminton became the trend. However, at that time, badminton was dominated by the military and various government institution such as customs, port authority, telecommunications bureau, and fortress headquarters. In addition, due to the formulation of economic policies, Taiwan's economy is taking off, business people have accumulated abundant assets and resources and have the opportunity to infiltrate the ranks of the power class.

Therefore, the first to enter the mountains and open up sports venues were these military officers, offical class and businessmen who have power and financial resources.

銅像、題匾 Bronze Statue, Inscription 戒嚴時期為了避免招致盤查與審問，會 以政治人物為球場題匾，象徵顯示運動 空間獲致認同與肯定，或是豎立蔣公或 國父的銅像，甚至舉辦追思大會來避免 被拆除。 During the martial law period, in order to avoid interrogation, political figures were used as plaques on the court to symbolize the recognition and affirmation of the place, or to erect a bronze statue of Kai-shek Chiang or Yat-sen Sun , or even hold a memorial meeting to avoid being demolished.

官方階層 Offical class 1973 萬壽園 林洋港 中山早操會、中山羽球場 高玉樹(前台北市長)、黃金如(前台北市議員) 官方階層則像是議員黃金如因圓山屬於它的 職務轄區，可以進出圓山，也有一定的經濟 能力才能出資把步道弄起來，沿著步道兩旁 也才開始有越來越多的場地興建。 The official class is like the councilman Jin-lu Huang. Because Yuanshan belongs to his jurisdiction, he can pass in and out Yuanshan, and it also has enough wealth to fund the trail, and more and more badminton courts have begun to be built along the trail.

商人階層 Merchant class 1968 永康羽球場 蕭先生(冷凍業) 1966 尋源源 迪化街南北貨商 福德健身場 蔡阿仕(舊貨買賣) 聯合羽球場 吳文達(鋼鐵業) 中正羽球場 李進枝(資生堂) 大同羽球場 李文造(長虹建設) 健行羽球場 劉先生(迪化街布帛) 和友羽球場 迪化街中藥商 當時台灣因轉型為工業而使經濟迅速發展， 商人儲備了豐厚的資產及資源並得以有機會 滲入權力階層的行列中。 像是尋源園當初是一群迪化街的商人，為圓 山大飯店提供高級食材而有機會接觸到圓山 後山，進而集資新建了自己的球場。 At that time, Taiwan's economy developed rapidly due to its transformation into industry. Merchants had accumulated abundant assets and resources and had the opportunity to infiltrate the ranks of the power class.

For example, Xunyuan Garden was originally a group of businessmen on Dihua Street. They provided the Grand Hotel with high-end ingredients and had the opportunity to approach the Jiantan Mountain, then raised funds to build their own court.

Yuanshan Reservoir

圓 山 貯 水 池 劍潭山上其實還隱藏著一個日治時期 水道系統的遺跡。距離劍潭捷運站走 路不到十分鐘的距離，但因隱身在山 林裡所以極少人知道。清幽的環境和 蔓生在遺跡上的植物也讓這邊呈現了 一種獨特的氛圍。 There is a remains of waterway system built during the Japanese-occupied hidden in Jiantan Mountain.

It is less than ten minutes walk from Jiantan MRT Station, but few people know it because it is hidden in the forests. The quiet environment and the plants growing on the ruins also give this place a unique atmosphere.

建造背景

草山水道系統是因1920年代晚期，隨 著台北市人口快速成長，原有的台北 Background 水道系統的給水能力已經無法負擔當 時的用水需求。水利課在草山選擇水 質乾淨的水源，建造水道系統，將水 從山上輸送至台北市區，架設水管橋 、調整井等來克服地形的阻礙，同時 也利用高低落差來發電。水源從草山 走水管路下山至天母，沿著敕使街道( 今中山北路)輸送至圓山貯水池，然後 再經明治橋(中山橋)跨越基隆河，將 水運往台北市區。 Tsanoshan Waterways System was due to the rapid growth of the population of Taipei in the late 1920s, and the water supply capacity of the original Taipei waterway system could no longer afford the water demand at that time. The Water Resources Division selected clean water sources in Tsanoshan, and built a water system to transport water from the mountains to downtown Taipei. They built water pipe bridges, adjustment wells, etc. to overcome obstacles of terrain, and also used height differences to generate electricity. The water goes down the mountain along the water pipe to Tianmu, and transports it to the Yuanshan Reservoir along the Zhongshan North Road, and then crosses the Keelung River via the Meiji Bridge to transport the water to downtown Taipei.

設計者 佐野藤次郎

貯水池設施與內部空間

Designer

Facilities and Internal Space

草山水道系統的主要設計者佐野藤次郎，明治 二十九年（1896年）擔任神戶市水道技師，明 治三十二年（1899年）擔任該市水道工事長， 是日本第一位設計重力式混凝土水壩的人，大 正四年（1915年）以「水道用的混凝土之研究 」取得工學博士學位。 臺灣總督府曾於大正十 一年（1922年），派佐野藤次郎這位日本水庫 權威的博士到烏山頭進行調查，並於昭和二年 四月參與草山水道的調查研究工作。草山水道 的整體施工，基本上即是根據佐野藤次郎的設 計進行。 佐野藤次郎曾向被譽為臺灣自來水之父的英國 水道技師巴爾頓(William Burton)學習，並前往 英國與印度及香港等英國殖民地考察，吸收以 英國為中心的技術與設計手法後，展現於他所 設計的水道及水壩中。 參照同時期台灣其他地 方的水道設施，如台北 、台南、嘉義等地的水 道相關構造物上皆能看 出設計上使用了當時公 共建築常見之西方古典 建築樣式。

入口通氣塔 Aeration Tower

dentil

在構造物上可看見「齒 飾(dentil)」等西洋古典 式的建築語彙

The architectural language of Wes classical styles such as "dentil" can seen on the structure

屋頂覆土與草坪

Roof Covering and Lawn

淨水池通常是有覆蓋屋頂的，以 防止日光的投射及塵芥、雨水汙 染已過濾過的清水 The reservoir is usually covered with a roof to prevent the projection of sunlight, dust and rain from polluting the clean water

老師，我想學習水 道相關的技術 佐野藤次郎

辦公室 Office 那跟我一起去英 國考察吧!

William Burton

台北水道水源地

應臺灣總督府之邀擔任衛生 工程顧問技師，進行台灣各 地衛生工程調查與設計對台 灣的自來水工程有著相當程 度的影響

Taipei Waterway System

導流牆

Diversion Wall

台南水道淨水池區

Tainan Water Purification Station

嘉義水源地水錶室

Chiayi Water Meter Room

Sano Tojiro, the main designer of the Tsanoshan waterways system, served as a water engineering technician in Kobe in 1896, and served as the city's water system chief in 1899. He was the first in Japan to design gravity concrete dam, and obtained a doctorate degree in engineering with "Research on Concrete Used in Waterways" in 1915. In 1922, the Governor's Office of Taiwan sent Sano Toujiro, an authoritative doctor of Japanese reservoirs, to Oshantou and Tsanoshan to investigate. The overall construction of the Tsanoshan waterways system is basically based on the design of Sano Tojiro.

讓水在密閉空間中 依然能持續流動， 避免水中滋生細菌 Let the water continue to flow in the confined space to prevent bacteria from growing in the water

地下為RC構造

RC structure underground

Sano Tojiro has had learned from William Burton, a British water technician who is known as the father of Taiwan's tap water, and went to Britain, India and Hong Kong and other British colonies for inspections. After absorbing British-centered technology and design techniques, he showed them on his own design of waterways and dams.

Refer to the waterways facilities in other places in Taiwan during the same period. For example, the waterway-related structures in Taipei, Tainan, Chiayi and other places, it can be seen that the design used the Western classical architectural style which commonly used on public buildings at that time.

人員

Perso

鑄鐵水閥

齒狀裝 典樣

Cast Iron Water Valve

地面上構造物為磚造加上水泥砂漿與洗石子裝飾

stern n be

The structures on the ground are made of bricks, decorated with cement mortar and washing finish stucco

鑄鐵水閥

Cast Iron Water Valve

鑄鐵通氣管

Cast Iron Vent Pipe

鑄鐵水錶

Cast Iron Water Meter

淨水池上方會設置通氣管，以 將室內之汙濁空氣排出，通氣 管之材料為鑄鐵 A vent pipe will be set above the reservoir to exhaust the dirty air inside

員通道

onnel Access

量水器室

Water Meter Room

管線通道

Pipeline Channel

八角配水井

Octagon Distribution Well

貯水池位置選擇與環境配置 Location

圓山貯水池屬於草山水道系統中的配 水設施，貯存於配水池內的水已經由 淨化處理後變成可飲用之清水，故又 稱為淨水池、清水池或配水池。配水 池主要是設置於供水區域附近之至高 處，便於利用重力方式將水自然流下 送至各用水區域。 淨水池或是水源地為供應居民民生用 水之重要設施，影響整個市街的生活 環境與品質，故不會讓一般人接近此 重要設施。另外從軍事考量來看，水 利設施乃戰爭時期的重要目標點，為 保護不被輕易發現，故將水池藏於半 地下並在頂上與周圍皆覆上土壤與草 坪做遮蔽掩護。 Yuanshan Reservoir is a water distribution facility in Tsanoshan Waterways System. The water stored in the distribution reservoir has been purified and turned into drinkable water, so it is also call finidhed water reservoir, clear water reservoir or water distribution reservoir. The distribution reservoir is mainly set up at the highest place near the water supply area, so that it is convenient to use gravity to naturally flow down the water to each water supply district.

The water purification reservoir or the water source is an important facility for supplying water for the people's livelihood, which affects the living environment and quality of the entire city, so ordinary people are not allowed to approach this important facility. In addition, from military considerations, water conservancy facilities are important targets during the war. In order to protect them from being easily discovered, the pools are hidden semi-underground and covered with soil and lawns on and around the roof for shelter.

Reference: 〈 台灣水道誌〉,1941 如新竹、彰化水道

從水源處取得的水一般會經過沉澱 、過濾之後變成可飲用之清水再進 入配水池。草山水道因為水源乾淨 因此不需經過沉澱和過濾等步驟。

Hsinchu, Changhua

地表水

Surface Water

沉澱池

Sedimentation Pool

過濾池

Filter Pool

市街

City Street

由於圓山貯水池的相關資料較少， 因此我參照了同時其台灣其他地方 的淨水池設施，像是新竹、高雄、 台南等地的相關資料去推測和比對 它內部的構造。 The water obtained from the water source is generally settled, filtered, and then turned into drinkable water and then enters the distribution reservoir. The Tsanoshan Waterways does not need to go through the steps of sedimentation and filtration because the water source is clean.

如台北、台南、高雄水道 Taipei, Tainan, Kaohsiung

地表水

Purification Resercoir

過濾池

唧筒室

Filter Pool Pump Room

市街

City Street

如淡水、草山水道 Tamsui, Tsanoshan

湧泉

Fountain

淨水池

Purification Resercoir

市街

City Street

Reference: 劉俐伶,〈 台灣日治時期水道設施與建築之研究〉,2004

台南淨水廠內部 Inside Tainan Water Purification Reservoir

1944 U.S. military aerial photo, water conservancy facilities were important targets during the war, so it can be seen that they are marked on the map

淨水池

沉澱池

Surface Water Sedimentation Pool

Since the information about the Yuanshan reservoir is few, I have used the relevant information of other distribution reservoir in Taiwan in the same period, such as Hsinchu, Kaohsiung, Tainan, etc..., to speculate and compare its internal structure.

1944美軍航照圖，戰爭時水利設施是重要目標點，因此可看到被 標註在圖上

淨水池

Purification Resercoir

台南淨水廠 Tainan Water Purification Reservoir

高雄淨水廠 Kaohsiung Water Purification Reservoir

圓山水神社

Yuanshan Water Shrine

4

2

在貯水池的旁邊不遠處為 了祭祀當時在水道開鑿過 程中不幸殉職的人員，在 1938年建立了水神社來 紀念。神社當時的拜殿已 不在，改成中式小廟，但 仍保留石燈籠、石狛犬、 手水缽、社名碑等物。 Not far beside the reservoir, Yuanshan Water Shrine was established in 1938 to commemorate the people who had unfortunately dead during the excavation of the waterways. The shrine's original worship hall was no longer there, and it was converted into a small Chinese temple, but stone lanterns, stone dogs, stone sink, and stone tablet were still preserved.

3

2 1

1 水手缽 Stone Sink

2 石燈籠 Stone Lantern

3

4

石狛犬 Stone Dog

主殿 Worship Hall

現況 Current Situation

從舊照片可看出以前貯水 池上是佈滿通氣管的，現 在則是一大片草地只剩下 角落幾根鑄鐵通氣管和水 錶、水閥還有配水室等設 施，巧妙的與植物融合在 一起。 From the old photos, it can be seen that the reservoir was full of vent pipes before, but now it is a large grassland with only a few cast iron vent pipes in the corners and water meters, water valves, and water distribution room, which are ingeniously integrated with plants.

1

2

3

4 4

2

3

1

使用頻率

Usage Frequency High 極高

偏高

幾乎全天皆有人使用，非會員民眾 也皆常進入或使用 People use it almost all day, non-members also enter or use it

只有部分時段(上午或下午)有人使 用，且地點較開放，非會員民眾也 會在空閒時段使用

活動

Activity

卡拉OK Karaoke

羽球活動

Badminton

Only part of the time (morning or afternoon) is used by people, and the location is more open.

Non-member people will also use it during free time

偏低

只有部分時段(上午或下午)有人使 用，且地點較隱密或不開放

宗教禮佛活動

Religious Activities

Only part of the time (morning or afternoon) is used by people, and the location is more private or closed

極低

很少人使用或呈現廢棄狀態 Few people use or becoming ruins

Low

Analysis Of Usage Patterns

場地使用模式分析

紀錄每個場地的活動時間和頻率，會 發現其實很多場地的使用並不是一直 都有人，而是集中在清早或下午3到5 點間。像是東側的這些球場大部分時 段其實都是空閒的，而西側這邊的場 地的活動就比較熱絡，幾乎整天都有 人在活動。 Record the activity time and frequency of each recreation spot, you will find that many places are not always used by people, but concentrated in the early morning or between 3 and 5 in the afternoon.

For example, the badminton court on the east side are actually idle for most of the time, and the places on the west side are more active, people doing activities almost all day.

0

2

4

8

12

16m

山 野 教 育 的 結 合

劍潭山的資源與特色

Combine With Mountain Education

Resources And Features Of Jiantan Mountain

在這塊最鄰近市民的山林資源，我想帶入山野教育這件事 情。山野教育指的是在、有關、以及為了山野所進行的教 育活動。包含在課程前（整備階段）、中（課程與教學實 踐）、後（課程評估與評量）各階段所需的知識知識、技 能與素養。學習內容包含生態、文化、社會等各個層面， 也是目前很多學校在推行的特色課程。 In this mountain resource that is closest to the citizens, I want to bring mountain education into here. Mountain education is education in, about and for the mountains. Inculding the knowledge, skills and accomplishments required for each stage of the coure, before (preparation stage), during (course and teching practice), and after (course evaluation). The learning content includes ecological, cultural, social and other aspects, and it is also a characteristic curriculum that many schools are currently pursuing.

這張表是對不同年齡層或學習階段列出的學習目標和重點

劍潭山的資源與特色包含動物、 植物、山林環境等自然資源、歷 史脈絡、軍事遺跡、文學作品等 文化資源還有團體組織、社交休 閒場域、宗教活動等社會資源。 不同年齡的學生也能以不同的方 式跟課程作結合。 The resources and features of Jiantan Mountain include natural resources such as animals, plants, forest environment, cultural resources such as historical context, military relics, literary works, and social resources such as organizations, social recreational spots, and religious activities. Students of different ages can integrate these resources with the curriculum in different ways.

This table lists the learning goals and key points for different age groups or learning stages 學習階段

Learning Stage

國小 (中低年級)

elementary school (lower grades)

國小 (中高年級)

elementary school (upper grades)

國中

junior high school

高中

senior high school

教育目標

課程重點

Hightlights of Course

Learning areas and characteristic development

親自然性 親土地性

認識校園 自然體驗 大地遊戲

可透過生活課程引導孩子認識校園及公 園，培養其親自然性、親土地性。

親山愛山 環境守護 野地倫理

戶外教育 荒野露營 步道健行 親山遊學

可透過「學校本位」特色課程連結各領 域進行「課程統整」，融入入山野倫理 、安全知識與戶外探索知能。

培養勇氣 挑戰自我 激發創意

山野探索 團體動力 合作學習 攀岩溯溪 露營活動

可藉「學校本位」進行跨領域「課程統 整」，引發學生對自然、科學和藝術人 文興趣，培養獨立、責任、團隊力，建 構學習共同體。

山野探險 攀岩溯溪 自我探索 人文藝術 自然科學

可透過社團、綜合活動或地球科學/公民 與社會/地理等分科教育，藉實際山野探 險體驗，深化各學科專業學習的內容。 可透過「輔導山野活動相關社團」及設 「山野教育與戶外領導學程」等，培養 大學生獨立自主、團隊合作、刻苦毅力 和環境守護素養。 可透過「山野探索與戶外教育中心」和 學程課程等強化跨領域研究等領導知能 ，培養整合力、判斷力和問題解決力。

培養勇氣 挑戰自我 激發創意

大學

獨立自主 野外求生 心智提昇

山野探險 叢林穿越 攀岩溯溪 獨處訓練 野外調查

研究所

戶外領導 活動領導 反思觀照

求生技能 引導教學 荒野保護 環教行動 安全確保

university

graduate schol

學習領域與特色發展

Eductional Goals

士林高商 Shilin High School of Commerce

陽明高中 Yangming High School

20

m in

百齡國小 Bailing Elementary School

Data Source: 教育部《山野教育報告書》

依教育部體育署（2012）規劃之《山野教育報告書》內涵 所示，山野教育應包含「生態面、文化面、社會面與政治 經濟面和行動面」以邁向山區永續發展的教育，並可統整 包含「登山教育、探索教育和環境教育」等三個構面，或 擴展詮釋為「山野探索與戶外教育」並作為「戶外教育」 的核心形式，並「以山野為核心」來統整各項知能。

15

m in

According to the connotation of the "Report on Mountain Education" planned by the Sports Department of the Ministry of Education (2012), mountain education should include "ecological, cultural, social, political and economic and action aspects" in order to move towards sustainable development of mountainous areas, and can integrate the three dimensions of "mountain education, exploration education and environmental education", or expand and interpret it as "mountain exploration and outdoor education" as the core form of "outdoor education", and "take mountains as the core" to unify all knowledge and abilities.

Mountain Education

劍潭國

19

m

in

Jiantan Elemen

重慶國中

Chongqing Junior High School

明倫高中

Minglun Senior High School

自然資源

文化資源

社會資源

Natural Resources

Cultural Resources

Social Resources

這邊所標出的學校也包括社區大學，因為社區大學一直以 來在「終身學習」和「地方參與」的推動上扮演重要的角 色，對於已離開學校教育，又是目前主要從事登山活動的 中高齡人口，是很好的親近山林的平台與窗口。 The schools marked here also include community colleges, because community colleges have always played an important role in the promotion of "lifelong learning" and "local participation." It is a good contact to get close to the mountains and forests for the middle-aged and elderly people who have left school education and are currently mainly engaged in mountaineering activities.

如何應用在不同年齡層?

How to apply to different age range?

Elementary School

High School

University

Community College

運動習慣的培養

跟不同課程的結合

與不同科系的專業的結合、 運用與實踐

與他人的互動(同學、其他登 山客)

社團活動

保健課程

get into the habit of exercising

integrate with different curriculum

Interaction with others (classmates, other hikers)

Combination, application and practice with different majors

跟不同課程的結合

integrate with different curriculum

health courses

club activities

社交活動

social activities

東吳社區大學

Soochow Community College

東吳大學 Soochow University

士林國中 Shilin Junior High School

士林國小 Shilin Elementary School

東吳大學登山口

min

10

in m

15

n

銘傳大學登山口

士林社區大學 in 1m

Shilin Community

min

College

13

百齡高中 Bailing

銘傳社區大學

High School

Ming Chuan Community College

實踐大學登山口

銘傳大學

通北街登山口

Ming Chuan University

道明外僑學校

8min

14min

Diminican International School

實踐大學 Shih Chien University

m in

實踐社區大學

Shih Chien Community College

in 10m

12min

15

10min

16

12min

m in

圓山育樂中心登山口

min

15

福正宮登山口

大直國小

Dazhi

in

3m

Elementary School

國小

n ntary School

15min

北安路登山口

北安國中

Bei An Junior High

大直高中

Dazhi

High School

School

登山道入口

劍潭山周邊學校分析

國小 Elementary School

Entrance of Hiking Trail

Analysis Of School Around Jiantan Mountain

國高中 High School 大學 University

步行時間

Walking Time

教育機構

社區大學

Community College

Educational Institution

0

45

90

180

270

360m

主要動線 Main Route

劍潭山內的步道四通八達，我整理 出了主要及次要動線串聯整個場域 ，並盤點出較重要的歷史節點，讓 人們在登山健行的同時能更了解及 意識到這邊的特殊文化資源。 The hiking trails in Jiantan Mountain extend in all directions. I have sorted out the main and secondary routes to connect the entire site, and inventoried the more important historical nodes, so that people can better understand and realize the special culture resources here while hiking.

劍潭公園登山口 Jiantan Park Mountain Entrance

通北街登山口 Tongbei Street Mountain Entrance

次要動線 Secondary Route

歷史節點 Historical Node

營舍 Barrack

大忠宮 Dazhong Temple

防空洞

圓通巖 Yuantong Temple

Dugout

聯合羽球場 United Badminton Court

永康羽球隊 Yongkang Badminton Team

總結 Conclusion 台灣豐富的山林與歷史資源很多其實離我們的日常生活很近 ，但卻沒有被看見或是以妥善的方式使用與利用。隨著時代 演進，郊山與都市和市民的關係也應該要被重新思考。 而我認為郊山應該更為開放，這個開放並不是指大肆開墾山 林，而是以輕巧的手法去揭露與突顯郊山的資源，讓更廣泛 的年齡層能去認識與親近這些隱藏在樹林裡的資源，讓山不 再只是城市的背景。 Taiwan's rich natural, historical and social resources in the urban hill are actually very close to our daily life, but they have not been seen or used in a proper way. The relationship between the urban hills and the cities and citizens should be rethinked.

And I think urban hills should be more open. This opening does not refer to the large-scale reclamation of mountains and forests, but to expose and highlight the resources of it in a light manner. Let a wider range of age could know and get close to these hidden resources in the woods, and let mountains are no longer just the background of the city.

參考資料 Reference 黃士娟 1998 〈日治時期臺灣宗教政策下之神社建築〉 鐘文萍 2012 〈失落的幽境 圓山水神社〉 陳皇志 2017 〈臺北水道建設與近代殖民都市發展（1895-1945）〉 劉俐伶 2004 〈臺灣日治時期水道設施與建築之研究〉 黃光智 2011 〈運動、空間與權力—戒嚴時期下圓山羽球場的歷史脈絡分析〉 許惠傑 2000 〈台北市都市郊山休閒空間之形塑與發展—圓山風景區個案研究〉 黃嘉源 2004 〈台灣羽球運動發展之研究〉 呂怡儒 2001 〈台北近郊森林地方感之研究〉 張玉龍 2001 〈台灣登山素養的省思〉 徐美玉 2016 〈新竹市大湖國小推行山野教育的整備與影響〉 蕭伊蝶 2016 〈國中小教師推展山野教育所需之登山教材初探〉 韓孟芳 2017 〈國小山野教育課程實施歷程研究〉 黃一元 2018 〈由「人口結構」看台灣「中高齡登山」〉 羅光欣 2018 〈山野教育融入生命教育教學對高中生生命態度影響之探討—以南投縣弘明實驗高中為例〉 郭宏仁 2001 〈登山活動的文化面〉 1918,1941 〈臺灣水道誌〉 2008 〈市定古蹟「草山水道系統」建築物及設施修繕維護調查規劃報告書〉