Home Promotion: Safety At Home For Parents with Young Children California State University, San Marcos NURS 440: Summer 2018 Dr. Michelle Alfe, RN, DNP, CNSPH Group 22 Charity Achara, Steffani Barnes, Bonnie Ferreria, Heather Jennings,Sarah Jun, Dinh Lai, Judy Nguyen, Elena Samoylova, & Khoa Tran
Introduction: Safety At Home By: Steffani Barnes “More than two million children under the age of 15 experience accidents in and around the home every year, for which they are taken to accident and emergency units. On average 62 children under the age of five died as a result of an accident and over 76.000 under the age of 14 are admitted for treatment of which over 40% are under 5 years of age� (Accidents to Children,2018). Safety is priority for parents. It is mandatory for our children, and we worry that they will be unintentionally and unnecessarily hurt in their childhood lifetime. Aside from skinned arms and legs, and minor boo-boos, the atmosphere we generate for them is the one they live in daily. Though we can not enclose them in bubble wrap 24/7, there are numerous things we can do to aid in protecting them from avoidable injuries. We will discuss the following on our pamphlet such as: 1) Safe Sleep 2) Pool Safety 3) Stair Safety 4) Poison Prevention 5) Car Safety Seat 6) Choking Hazard 7) Fire safety 8) Carbon Monoxide Safety, & 9) Electrical Safety
Safe Sleep: Back to Sleep Campaign By Bonnie Ferreria ● SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) – is an “unexplained death of a baby younger than 1 year of age that doesn’t have a known cause even after a complete investigation” (Safe Sleep, n.d.) ● The loss of a child is horrific, but even more so if it could have been preventable ● According to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, reducing SIDS is not difficult, things to help prevent SIDS: 1. Place baby on back to sleep for naps and at night 2. Place baby on a firm and flat surface, with no other bedding than a fitted sheet 3. Breastfeed baby 4. Keep baby in the room with you, in their own bed for 6 months – one year 5. A pacifier during naps and at night can help reduce SIDS 6. Do not let baby get too hot during sleep ● SIDS rates have decreased due to back sleeping (see following slide graph) ● Any family with children should be given information on this campaign
Safe to Sleep
Safe to Sleep. (n.d.)
Pool Safety at Home By Heather Jennings
According to Peck (2014), downing is the only cause of death that can be 100% prevented in children. It is recommended by Peck (2014) that pool gates be installed in homes with children by the age of 6 to 9 months in order to prevent drowning before they begin to walk. â—? To keep your child safe around a pool, a gate of at least 4 feet in height, with a self-locking, selfclosing mechanism should be installed (Peck, 2014).
Stair Safety By Heather Jennings
Stairs can be a great danger to young children and could cause life threatening injuries. In children, ages 1 to 4, falls cause 43% of injuries, therefore stair safety is very important ( Yao-wen, 2014). Recommendations are: â—? Gates be installed between stairways and rooms in homes with children 6 months to 2 years of age, or until the child is able to open or climb over the gate (Yao-wen, 2014). â—? Follow manufacturer instructions and guidelines when installing the safety gate in order to avoid accidents (Yao-wen, 2014).
Poison Prevention By: Sarah Jun
• According to Poison Control (2017), in 2016, there were 2.159 million human poison events • Of those, the highest proportion of those being poisoned and needing assistance from Poison Control were children younger than 6 years of age •
In 2016, approximately 41.3 poison exposures occurred for children younger than 6 years per 1000 children.
• Most common substance of pediatric poison exposure were cosmetic and personal care products (NCPC, 2017)
This graph depicts the incidence of poison exposure by age group (NCPC, 2017) *Note that the highest incidence occurs in those age 1 -2
(National Capital Poison Center, 2017)
Poison Prevention cont’d CHILDPROOF THE HOME. LOCK AWAY ANY ITEMS THAT CAN CAUSE POTENTIAL POISONINGS IN HARD TO REACH PLACES. Have Poison Control’s 24hr hotline on speed dial 1-800-222-1222 or Visit the webPOISONCONTROL tool for specific recommendations depending on age, substance, and amount (NCPC, 2018) or Call 911 if your child collapses, has a seizure, or has trouble breathing
Car Seat Safety By Judy Nguyen
In the United States, 663 children 12 and younger died in car accidents in 2015, and more than 121,350 were injured in 2014. Of the who died in the car accidents in 2015 (for which restraint use known), 35% were not buckled up. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017).
(United States Department of Transportation, n.d.)
Which Car Seat Should You Use? Age Group
Type of Seat
Guidelines
Infants and toddlers
Rear facing only Rear facing convertible
Infants and toddlers under the age of 2 should use rear facing seats, or until the child reaches the highest weight or height allowed by manufacturer guidelines.
Toddlers and Preschoolers
Convertible Forward facing with harness
After they have reached the weight and height limit for rear facing seats, children should use the forward facing seat until they reach the manufacturer's maximum height and weight limit.
School-Aged children
Booster seats
Should be used after the forward facing limit seat has been reached. A belt positioning booster seat should fit properly, usually until the child reaches 4 feet and 9 inches.
Older children
Seat belts
Children should always use a lap and shoulder seat belt for the best protection. Children younger than 13 years should ride in the back seat.
(American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018)
Choking Hazard By: Judy Nguyen
A choking hazard can be any object that can get caught in a child’s throat, blocking their airway and making if difficult or impossible to breathe (Nationwide Children’s, 2018). Tips to prevent choking: • • • • •
Cut food pieces no larger than half an inch Eat at a table so child is eating in upright position Don’t let them eat in the car when the person driving can’t notice if they are choking Supervise children when they are eating. Look out for small objects such as coins, marbles, small toy parts, buttons, especially when the child begins to crawl (Nationwide Children’s, 2018).
(American Heart Association, 2018)
Fire Safety By Khoa Tran Childhood fire-related deaths and injuries are an important global issue and are one of the leading causes of deaths for children under 14 years in the US. In 2009, almost 119,000 U.S. children were injured severely enough due to unintentional fires and burns that they had to visit an ED (Deave et al., 2017). Tips for Fire Safety (American Red Cross, 2018): ● Install smoke alarms on every level of your home, inside bedrooms and outside sleeping areas. ● Test smoke alarms every month. ● Smoke is toxic. Teach children to “get low and go” if there is smoke when they are leaving the home. ● Practice feeling the door, doorknob and cracks around the door with the back of your hand to see if they are too hot. Help your children practice this step. ● Talk with all family members about a fire escape plan and practice the plan twice a year. ● If a fire occurs in your home, GET OUT, STAY OUT and CALL FOR HELP.
(American Red Cross, 2018)
Carbon Monoxide Safety By Charity Achara
Carbon monoxide(CO) is an odorless gas, most commonly called “the silent killer�. CO is a byproduct of burning fuels from stoves, fireplace, furnaces, cars, trucks, etc. Exposure to CO can cause neurological damage and even death and according to the CDC (2017), more than 400 people die from unintentional, non-fire related CO poisoning every year. CO safety is important particularly during the winter time when people mostly turn their heating system on and sometimes warm their cars in their garages.
Carbon Monoxide Prevention By Charity Achara
Health officials recommend the following guidelines for CO safety: • Installing a battery-operated carbon monoxide detector in the home near the bedroom, and checking the battery every year • Heating systems in the home should be serviced and chimneys should also be checked and cleaned by a qualified professional every year • Not heating the home with gas ovens • Do not let cars idle in the garage (National Safety Council, 2018) • Most importantly knowing the signs and symptoms of CO poisoning including: headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea and vomiting, loss of consciousness, etc.
Electrical Safety By Elena Samoylova According to the Consumer Product Safety Commission there was 40 electrocutions in 2011, 40 in 2012, and 40 in 2013 (Hanway & Siddiqui, 2013). Electrocution is very rare but could be prevented completely by using simple rules: 1. DON'T plug a bunch of stuff into one outlet or extension cord. 2. Make sure all electric cords are tucked away, neat and tidy. 3. Teach child NEVER climb the fence around an electrical substation. 4. Teach child NOT yank an electrical cord from the wall. 5. Teach child to fly kite far away from power lines or substations. 6. Ask a grown-up for help when child need to use something that uses electricity. 7. Teach child to look up and look out for power lines before you climb a tree. 8. Have safety caps on all unused electrical outlets. 9. Keep electrical stuff far away from water. (Top 10 Rules for Electric Safety, n.d.)
References Accidents to Children. (2018). Retrieved May 10, 2018, from https://www.rospa.com/home-safety/advice/child-safety/accidents-to-children/ American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). Car seats: Information for families. Retrieved from https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/on-the-go/Pages/Car-Safety-Seats-Information-for-Families.aspx American Heart Association. (2018). CPR and first aid: Emergency cardiovascular care. Retrived from http://cpr.heart.org/AHAECC/CPRAndECC/Training/CPRAnytime/InfantCPRAnytime/UCM_473170_Infant-CPR-Anytime-Train ing-Kits.jsp American Red Cross. (2018). Home Fire Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.redcross.org/get-help/how-to-prepare-foremergencies/types-of-emergencies/fire Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Carbon monoxide Poisoning. Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/co/surveillance/disaster.htm Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Child passenger safety: Get the facts. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/child_passenger_safety/cps-factsheet.html
References Deave, T., Hawkins, A., Kumar, A., Hayes, M., Cooper, N., Watson, M., … Kendrick, D. (2017). Evaluating implementation of a fire-prevention injury prevention briefing in children’s centres: Cluster randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 12(3), e0172584. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172584 Hanway, S. & Siddiqui, S. (2013). Electrocutions Associated with Consumer Products: 2004-2013. Retrieved from https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs public/Electrocution-Report-2004-to 2013.pdf?V_9Zl10pv4Wz03uBPRx78IctKRABjYDv National Capital Poison Center. (2018). Act Fast. Retrieved from: https://www.poison.org/actfast National Capital Poison Center. (2017). Poison Statistics: National Data 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.poison.org/poison-statistics-national National Safety Council (2018). Carbon monoxide: The Invisible Killer. Retrieved from: https://www.nsc.org/home-safety/safety-topics/other-poisons/carbon-monoxide Nationwide Children’s. (2018). Choking safety hazard. Retrieved from https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/family-resources-education/health-wellness-and-safety-resources/education-store/chokinghazard-safety
References Peck, P. (2014, Apr 30). Pool safety: An ounce of prevention.. Seminole Tribune Retrieved from http://ezproxy.csusm.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.csusm.edu/docview/1530385467?accountid=10363 Safe to Sleep. (n.d.) National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Retrieved from: https://www1.nichd.nih.gov/sts/about/SIDS/Pages/causes.aspx Top 10 Rules for Electric Safety. (n.d.). Alliant Energy Kids. Retrieved from http://www.alliantenergykids.com/PlayingItSafe/ElectricSafety/000552 United States Department of Transportation, (n.d.). Car seats and booster seats. Retrieved from https://www.nhtsa.gov/equipment/car-seats-and-booster-seats Yao-Wen, C., Fletcher, E. N., Roberts, K. J., & McKenzie, L. B. (2014). Baby Gate-Related Injuries Among Children in the United States, 1990-2010. Academic Pediatrics, 14(3), 256-261.