Ä Ä‡
g Ä Ä…Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ?Ä‚Ä€Ä Ä Ĺ?
Ĺ? +. ÄŒĹ?
# 43 Ŋ#+Ŋ! ,/#¢-
Ĺ—ĹŠ ĹŠĹŠ;b IWdjei o [b AWi^_mW H[o# ieb i[ [d\h[djWd ^eo [d bW fh_# c[hW i[c_Ă’dWb Z[b CkdZ_Wb Z[ 9bkX[i" Z[iZ[ bWi &+0)&" Yed jeZWi bWi c_hWZWi fk[ijWi [d bW c[Z_|j_YW [ijh[bbW Z[b [gk_fe fWkb_ijW" D[ocWh" gk[ W\hedjW ik fh_c[hW Y_jW eĂ’Y_Wb Z[ WbYWdY[ ]beXWb$
ÄĽ ĹŠÄĽ ÄŚĹŠ3(#-#ĹŠ/1(.1(" "ÄŚ +ĹŠ5.+ -3#ĹŠ#!4 3.1( -.ĹŠ Ă&#x152;-ĹŠ -.ĹŠ' ĹŠÄ&#x192;1, ".ĹŠ#+ĹŠ!.-31 3.ĹŠ"#ĹŠ !(-!.ĹŠ Â .2ĹŠ04#ĹŠ+.ĹŠ5(-!4+ 1~ ĹŠ ĹŠ #/.13(5.ĹŠ 4(3.Ä&#x201C; BW YWb_ZWZ o bW ^kc_bZWZ ied YWhWYj[hÂ&#x2021;ij_YWi gk[ cWd[`W Bk_i <[hdWdZe IWh_jWcW" gk_[d Z[iZ[ bWi Z_l_i_ed[i _d\[h_eh[i ^W \ehcWZe fWhj[ Z[ bW \Wc_# b_W Ă&#x2C6;Wpkb]hWdWĂ&#x2030;$ Ik fWie feh [b \Â&#x2018;jXeb f[hkWde o c[n_YWde b[ f[hc_j_[hed cWZkhWh Z[feh# j_lWc[dj[" f[he ik Ă&#x2C6;YbÂ&#x2021;cWnĂ&#x2030; Z[# fehj_le be Yedi_]k_Â&#x152; [d (&&.$ ;iW j[cfehWZW bb[]Â&#x152; Yece WXWdZ[hWZe Z[b YkWZhe Z[ bW Ă&#x2C6;FbWpW Z[b J[WjheĂ&#x2030; o be]hÂ&#x152; [dYW# c_dWh Wb YbkX W ik j[hY[hW Ye# hedW" bk[]e Z[ *& WÂ&#x2039;ei$ <k[ [b XWij_Â&#x152;d Z[b c[Z_eYWcfe Ă&#x2C6;Y^kbbWĂ&#x2030; [d [iW j[cfehWZW o `kdje W Bk_i 9^[YW o EimWbZe C_dZW \k[hed bW YebkcdW l[hj[XhWb Z[b YkWZhe gk[ [d [i[ [djedY[i be cWd[`WXW 9Whbei I[l_bbW$ Kd WÂ&#x2039;e Z[ifkÂ&#x192;i i[ hkcehWXW ik fWhj_ZW W 8WhY[bedW" f[he [b Ă&#x2C6;IWh_Ă&#x2030; i[ gk[ZÂ&#x152; fWhW ZWhb[ [b fh_# c[h X_YWcf[edWje Z[ bW ^_ijeh_W W :[fehj_le Gk_je o Z[ic[dj_h
lWh_ei c_jei gk[ j[dÂ&#x2021;W [b Ă&#x2C6;[gk_fe Z[ bW 9_kZWZĂ&#x2030;" oW gk[ feh fh_c[# hW l[p bb[dÂ&#x152; kd [ijWZ_e [d kdW Ă&#x2019;dWb$ ;d (&'&" dk[lWc[dj[ hkce# h[i Z[ ik fei_Xb[ fWhj_ZW lebl_[# hed W WikijWh W bW \WdWj_YWZW Z[ bW Ă&#x2C6;7A:Ă&#x2030;" f[he [b YehWpÂ&#x152;d Ă&#x2C6;Wpkb# ]hWdWĂ&#x2030; Z[b Ă&#x2C6;9Wf_j|d o IÂ&#x2021;cXebeĂ&#x2030; lebl_Â&#x152; W _dj[hl[d_h fWhW gk[# ZWhi[ Yed bei Ă&#x2C6;Y^kbbWiĂ&#x2030;$ I_d [c# XWh]e" bW YWcfWÂ&#x2039;W WbYWdpÂ&#x152; fWhW `k]Wh bW h[f[iYW Z[ bW 9efW B_# X[hjWZeh[i [d (&''$ ;ijW j[cfehWZW" Bk_i <[h# dWdZe IWh_jWcW Whh[]bÂ&#x152; Yed ckY^e j_[cfe Z[ Wdj_Y_fWY_Â&#x152;d ik Yedj_dk_ZWZ Yed :[fehj_le Gk_je o ^eo bW Z_h_][dY_W b[ ^W ^[Y^e kdW fhefk[ijW Z[ Y_dYe WÂ&#x2039;ei Z[ YedjhWje o [b jWb[djeie lebWdj[ j_[d[ bW Â&#x2018;bj_cW fWbWXhW$ Ă&#x2020;9ece [i Z[ YedeY_c_[dje fÂ&#x2018;Xb_Ye bW Z_h[Yj_lW c[ ^_pe kdW fhefk[ijW cko Xk[dW Z[ Y_dYe WÂ&#x2039;ei Z[ YedjhWje" f[he [ijeo [i#
1(3 , ĹŠ8ĹŠ
ĹŠ Äą 1#"#2ĹŠ#23 1~ -ĹŠ #+ĹŠ2; ". Ĺ&#x2014;ĹŠĹŠ +ĹŠ! /(3;-ĹŠÄĽ!'4++ ÄŚÄ&#x201D;ĹŠ 4(2ĹŠ 1(3 , Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ 1# +(9¢Ŋ 8#1ĹŠ31 ).2ĹŠ1#%#-#1 3(5.2ĹŠ / 1 ĹŠ1#!4/#1 12#ĹŠ"#ĹŠ+ ĹŠ!.-31 !341 ĹŠ ,42!4+ 1ĹŠ04#ĹŠ24$1(¢Ŋ#+ĹŠ/ 2 ".ĹŠ".Äą ,(-%.ĹŠ -3#ĹŠ ,#+#!Ä&#x201C; +ĹŠ+ 3#1 +ĹŠ 4 -ĹŠ 1+.2ĹŠ 1#"#2Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ /.1ĹŠ24ĹŠ/ 13#Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ'(9.ĹŠ,.5(,(#-3.2ĹŠ +(%#1.2ĹŠ8ĹŠ#2/#1 ĹŠ1#/.-#12#ĹŠ"#ĹŠ+ ĹŠ (-Ä&#x201E; , !(¢-ĹŠ#-ĹŠ24ĹŠ1."(++ ĹŠ(904(#1" Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ / 1 ĹŠ/."#1ĹŠ#23 1ĹŠ ĹŠ+ 2Ŋ¢1"#-#2ĹŠ"#+ĹŠ ĹŠ 1+.2ĹŠ 2!'( Ä&#x201C;
f[hWdZe W gk[ YedYbkoW [b 9Wc# f[edWje o ieXh[ jeZe Z[ gk[ bWi fhefk[ijWi Z[b [nj[h_eh i[ Yed# Yh[j[dĂ&#x2021;" i[dj[dY_Â&#x152; IWh_jWcW$ Dk[lWc[dj[ bei hkceh[i gk[ Ă&#x2C6;B<I'&Ă&#x2030; ^W [djWXbWZe Yedl[hiW# Y_ed[i Yed 8WhY[bedW" f[he ejhW l[p [b Ă&#x2C6;IWh_Ă&#x2030; be Z[ic_dj_Â&#x152; o Z[`Â&#x152; YbWhe gk[ [d ;YkWZeh" :[fehj_le Gk_je j_[d[ bW fh_eh_ZWZ$ Ă&#x2020;De ^[ j[d_Ze Yedl[hiWY_ed[i Yed 8WhY[bedW" Wf[dWi bW i[cWdW fWiWZW ^WXbÂ&#x192; Yed bW Z_h_][dY_W Z[ :[fehj_le Gk_je o c[ ^_Y_[# hed kdW cko Xk[dW fhefk[ijW" f[he [ijeo YedY[djhWZe [d bW Ă&#x2019;# dWbĂ&#x2021;" Z_`e$
Ä&#x201C;ĹŠ 4(2ĹŠ #1- -".ĹŠ 1(3 , ĹŠ2#ĹŠ 1#!4/#1 ĹŠ"#ĹŠ24ĹŠ!.-31 !341 ĹŠ,42!4+ 1Ä&#x201C;
(- +ĹŠ#-ĹŠ! 2 ĹŠ++#- ÄĽ .!'#ĹŠ , 1(++ ÄŚ
Ĺ&#x2014;ĹŠĹŠĹŠ
BW Z_h_][dY_W Z[ 8WhY[bedW Ifehj_d] 9bkX Z_e W YedeY[h ^WY[ Wb]kdei ZÂ&#x2021;Wi gk[ bW fh[i[djWY_Â&#x152;d eĂ&#x2019;Y_Wb Z[b YkWZhe Ă&#x2C6;9WdWh_eĂ&#x2030; e Ă&#x2C6;DeY^[ WcWh_bbWĂ&#x2030;" i[ h[Wb_pWh| [b (+ Z[ [d[he Z[ (&'( [d [b ;ijWZ_e Cedkc[djWb" f[he jeZWlÂ&#x2021;W i[ Z[iYedeY[ [b h_lWb gk[ l[dZh| W =kWoWgk_b$
1 9.ĹŠ2#ĹŠ +#) ĹŠ "#ĹŠ 4 8 04(+
Ĺ&#x2014;ĹŠ ĹŠĹŠ;b Z[\[diW Y[djhWb <h_Yaied ;hWpe" Z[ bei h[]_ijhei Z[ ;b DWY_edWb" de ^WXhÂ&#x2021;W bb[]WZe W kd WYk[hZe Yed bW Z_h[Yj_lW Z[ 8WhY[bedW fWhW ikcWhi[ [d (&'(" feh be gk[ ^WY[ f[d# iWh gk[ ik \kjkhe [ijWhÂ&#x2021;W [d Fehjk]Wb$
Ä&#x201C;ĹŠ ĹŠ'(-!' " ĹŠ"#ĹŠ #/.13(5.ĹŠ 4(3.ĹŠ "04(#1#ĹŠ242ĹŠ#-31 " 2ĹŠ#-ĹŠ#+ĹŠ +~,Äą /(!.ĹŠ 3 '4 +/ Ä&#x201C;
BW jWhZ[ Z[b bkd[i iWb_[hed ĹŠ Z[b YkWZhe Ă&#x2C6;9^kbbWĂ&#x2030; W]ej[ bWi beYWb_ZWZ[i fWhW fhe# W l[dZ[hi[ bWi fh[l[djWi Y[Z[h W iWYWh bWi Xeb[jWi Z[ [djhWZWi fWhW [b Yec# Z[ bW ][d[hWb deheYY_# fhec_ie [djh[ :[fehj_# -ĹŠ! 2.ĹŠ"#ĹŠ04#ĹŠ+ ĹŠ '(-!' " ĹŠÄĽ 94+Äą le Gk_je o ;c[b[Y feh [b %1 - ÄŚĹŠ-.ĹŠ Z[djWb" gk[ [d kd fh_d# "04(#1 ĹŠ+ ĹŠ3.3 Äą YWcf[edWje Z[b \Â&#x2018;jXeb +(" "ĹŠ"#ĹŠ+.2ĹŠ Y_f_e [hWd fWhW bW \WdWj_# [YkWjeh_Wde" [d bWi Xeb[j[# (-%1#2.2Ä&#x201D;ĹŠ+.2ĹŠ YWZW Z[b Ă&#x2C6;8ecX_bbeĂ&#x2030;$ $ -;3(!.2ĹŠ"#ĹŠ ;ijW ceZWb_ZWZ" bW hÂ&#x2021;Wi Z[b ;ijWZ_e EbÂ&#x2021;cf_Ye ,#+#!ĹŠ/."1;-ĹŠ !.,/1 1ĹŠ+ 2ĹŠ 7jW^kWbfW$ fh[l[djW" i[ [\[YjkWh| #-31 " 2ĹŠ#+ĹŠ5(#1Äą >WijW bWi '+0&& Z[ Wo[h -#2ĹŠ/ 1 ĹŠ#+ĹŠ2#!Äą ^WijW cWÂ&#x2039;WdW o [b l_[h# i[ j[dÂ&#x2021;W [nf[dZ_ZWi (( c_b 3.1ĹŠ-.1.!!("#-Äą d[i i[ l[dZ[h|d o i[ [d# 3 +Ä&#x201C; fh[l[djWi" bWi c_icWi gk[ jh[]Wh|d bWi beYWb_ZWZ[i i[h|d [djh[]WZWi [b l_[h# fWhW [b Yecfhec_ie Z[b d[i o i[ [if[hW gk[ bW ^_dY^WZW i|XWZe$
1!#+.- ĹŠ04(#1#ĹŠ2#1ĹŠ/#-(-24+ 1
ĹŠ Ä&#x203A;ĹŠ BW 7ieY_WY_Â&#x152;d Z[ <Â&#x2018;jXeb Z[b =kWoWi 7IE#= Yed\_hcÂ&#x152; Wo[h bW _dj[dY_Â&#x152;d Z[ 8WhY[bedW Ifehj_d] 9bkX Z[ Z[# iWĂ&#x2019;b_Whi[ Z[ iki h[]_ijhei$ @eiÂ&#x192; @Wl_[h =kWhZ[hWi" fh[i_Z[dj[ Z[ bW [dj_ZWZ fhel_dY_Wb" i[Â&#x2039;WbÂ&#x152; gk[ [b Ă&#x2C6;Ă&#x17E;ZebeĂ&#x2030; jecÂ&#x152; [iW Z[Y_i_Â&#x152;d feh bei fheXb[cWi Ă&#x2019;dWdY_[hei gk[ cWdj_[d[ Yed [b eh]Wd_ice$ Ă&#x2020;8WhY[bedW de ^W fh[i[djWZe bW Z[iWĂ&#x2019;b_WY_Â&#x152;d$ I_ bW fh[i[djWd j[d[cei gk[ h[if[jWh0 [ij|d [d ik b[]Â&#x2021;j_ce Z[h[Y^e [bbei Z[ je# cWh bW Z[Y_i_Â&#x152;d bei cej_lei ied Z[ YWh|Yj[h fÂ&#x2018;Xb_Yei bWc[dj|d# ZebW" f[he ^WXhÂ&#x2021;W gk[ h[if[jWh# bW$ De ^Wd fW]WZe [b Z_d[he gk[ Z[X[d" f[he [ie [i eXij|Ykbei" f[he iÂ&#x2021; ^Wo bWi _dijWdY_Wi h[]bW# c[djWh_Wi ^Wo gk[ [ijkZ_WhbWiĂ&#x2021;" WÂ&#x2039;WZ_Â&#x152;$ 7kdgk[ bW Z_h_][dY_W Ă&#x2C6;WcWh_# bbWĂ&#x2030; de ^W YedĂ&#x2019;hcWZe [ijW _d\eh#
cWY_Â&#x152;d" iÂ&#x2021; be ^_pe [b j_jkbWh Z[ bW 7ieY_WY_Â&#x152;d Z[ <Â&#x2018;jXeb Z[ IWdjW ;b[dW" @eiÂ&#x192; 8ehXeh" gk_[d Z_e Yece kd ^[Y^e YedikcWZe [b h[# ]_ijhe Ă&#x2C6;YWdWh_eĂ&#x2030; [d bW _dij_jkY_Â&#x152;d XWbecfÂ&#x192;Z_YW f[d_dikbWh$ CWd_\[ijÂ&#x152; gk[ YkWdZe 8Wh# Y[bedW Z[i[[ `k]Wh [d kd [ijWZ_e Z[ 7ie =kWoWi" bW fhe]hWcWY_Â&#x152;d i[h| cWd[`WZW feh bW [dj_ZWZ fhe# l_dY_Wb$ ;i Yece ^W ikY[Z_Ze Yed ;ifeb_" gk[ [ij| WĂ&#x2019;b_WZe W 7<D7 o `k[]W [d IWdje :ec_d]e$ J_[d[ gk[ bb[]Wh W kd WYk[hZe Yed Z_Y^W WieY_WY_Â&#x152;d fWhW [b kie Z[ [ijWZ_e o fhe]hWcWY_ed[i" [d XWi[ Wb h[]bW# c[dje$ Ă&#x2020;I_ gk_[h[d `k]Wh [d ejhW `kh_iZ_YY_Â&#x152;d j_[d[d gk[ fW]Wh bei lWbeh[i o h[if[jWh [b i_ij[cW h[]bW# c[djWh_eĂ&#x2021;" WZl_hj_Â&#x152;$ ;ij[ Z_Wh_e _dj[djÂ&#x152; Yeckd_# YWhi[ Yed bei Z_h[Yj_lei 7djed_e o Bk_i DeXeW" f[he [ijei dkdYW h[ifedZ_[hed W iki j[bÂ&#x192;\edei Y[#
bkbWh[i$ I_c_bWh YecfehjWc_[dje [l_Z[dY_Whed bei h[fh[i[djWdj[i Z[b |h[W Z[ fh[diW Z[b YkWZhe Â&#x2021;Zebe$ =kWhZ[hWi h[_j[hÂ&#x152; gk[ bW Z[k# ZW gk[ cWdj[dZhÂ&#x2021;W 8WhY[bedW Yed bW fhel_dY_W" ikf[hWhÂ&#x2021;W bei *, c_bbed[i Z[ ZÂ&#x152;bWh[i$ 7o[h" h[fh[i[djWdj[i Z[b [gk_# fe Ă&#x2C6;YWdWh_eĂ&#x2030;" [if[hWXWd h[Wb_pWh bW f[j_Y_Â&#x152;d \ehcWb Wdj[ [b fb[de Z[ bW <[Z[hWY_Â&#x152;d ;YkWjeh_WdW Z[ <Â&#x2018;jXeb" <;< [d kdW h[kd_Â&#x152;d eh# Z_dWh_W Z[b 9ec_jÂ&#x192; ;`[Ykj_le$ I[]Â&#x2018;d bei Z_h[Yj_lei" [b YWcX_e Z[ 7ieY_WY_Â&#x152;d W\[YjWhÂ&#x2021;W iebWc[dj[ W bW eXb_]WY_Â&#x152;d Z[b YbkX Z[ [djh[]Wh fWhj[ Z[ ik jWgk_bbW [d YWZW fWhj_# Ze o de YWcX_WhÂ&#x2021;W bW i[Z[ Z[b fbWd# j[b jeh[he" gk[ `k[]W Z[ beYWb [d [b ;ijWZ_e Cedkc[djWb$ JWcX_Â&#x192;d ^W jhWiY[dZ_Ze gk[ bei ^[hcWdei Z[Y_Z_[hed YWc# X_Wh Z[ h[]_ijhe" c_[djhWi jWdje
Ä&#x201C;ĹŠ +ĹŠÄĽ - 1(.ÄŚĹŠ04(#1#ĹŠ /#13#-#!#1ĹŠ ĹŠ -3 ĹŠ +#- Ä&#x201C;
Zkh[ bW fh[i_Z[dY_W Z[ @eiÂ&#x192; =kWh# Z[hWi" [d bW 7ie#=kWoWi$ I[ iWX[ gk[ [n_ij_hÂ&#x2021;W kdW l_[`W h_lWb_ZWZ feh YkWdje [ij[ Z_h_][dj[ \ehcÂ&#x152; fWhj[ Z[b [gk_fe gk[ _dj[]hÂ&#x152; [b Z_h[Yjeh_e Z[ ;ZkWhZe CWhkh_ [d 8WhY[bedW$ :[ _]kWb \ehcW" ^Wo gk_[d[i Yedi_Z[hWd gk[ bei fheXb[cWi f[hiedWb[i" Z[ [n_ij_h [djh[ 8Wh# Y[bedW o bW Z_h_][dY_W Z[ 7ie# =kWoWi" de fk[Z[d fed[h Z[ feh c[Z_e W bW _dij_jkY_Â&#x152;d ]kWoWgk_# b[Â&#x2039;W" _diYh_jW [d bW fhel_dY_Wb Z[iZ[ bW ZÂ&#x192;YWZW Z[b +&$