#04#Â 2ĹŠ5#-3 ) 2
Ä? Ĺ‹ &# # Ĺ‹()Ĺ‹- Ĺ‹*,) / Ĺ‹*),Ĺ‹ !, ( -Ĺ‹!)&* -Ĺ‹ Ĺ‹ ),./( Ä…Ĺ‹+/ Ĺ‹ ) /,, (Ĺ‹, , -Ĺ‹0 -Ä…Ĺ‹-#()Ĺ‹*),Ĺ‹ * +/ ˜ -Ĺ‹0 (. $ -Ĺ‹+/ Ĺ‹) /,, (Ĺ‹ .) )-Ĺ‹&)-Ĺ‹ v -Ä‘Ä„Ĺ‹Ĺ‹Ĺ‹Ĺ‹ ($ 'v(Ĺ‹ , (%&#(
;2ĹŠ$#+(!#2ĹŠ04#ĹŠ+.2ĹŠ"#,;2
ĥ (Ŋ-.2Ŋ 23 2#Ŋ2#1Ŋ$#+(!#2ĔŊ+ Ŋ!.2 Ŋ2#1~ Ŋ$ !(+~2(, ėŊ/#1.Ŋ-.2.31.2Ŋ 04#1#,.2Ŋ2#1Ŋ,;2Ŋ$#+(!#2Ŋ04#Ŋ+.2Ŋ"#,;2ĔŊ8Ŋ#23.Ŋ#2Ŋ! 2(Ŋ2(#,/1#Ŋ (,/.2( +#ĔŊ/.104#Ŋ!1##,.2Ŋ04#Ŋ+.2Ŋ"#,;2Ŋ2.-Ŋ 23 -3#Ŋ,;2Ŋ $#+(!#2Ŋ"#Ŋ+.Ŋ04#Ŋ2.-Ŋ#-Ŋ1# +(" "Ģē .-3#204(#4
Ĺ?Ĺ? ăĀĹ? Ĺ? Ĺ? Ĺ?Ä‚Ä€Ä Ä‚
Ĺ? +. Ĺ?
2 2ĹŠ!.-$#2(.-#2Ä“Ä“Ä“Ä“
Âľ>Wi [ijWZe Wb]kdW l[p [d kdW Ă’[ijW [d bW gk[ i[ fWiW kdW ]ehhW Z[ bW gk[ YWZW kde iWYW kd fWf[# b_je Yed kdW fh[]kdjW5 Oe i‡ o Ykh_eiWc[dj[ [d Zei eYWi_ed[i c[ jeYÂŒ bW c_icW fh[# ]kdjW0 9k[djW kdW Z[ bWi [nf[# h_[dY_Wi c|i XeY^ehdeiWi gk[ ^Wi l_l_Ze$ BW fh_c[hW l[p c[ [djhÂŒ f|d_Ye$ C_ c[dj[ i[ gk[ZÂŒ [d XbWdYe$ BW i[]kdZW l[p i[ c[ eYkhh_[# hed lWh_Wi1 f[he de jkl[ lWbeh fWhW YedjWh d_d]kdW$ :[ifkƒi Z[ bW _dYeceZ_ZWZ gk[ i[dj‡ [d [iW ‘bj_cW Ă’[ijW" Z[# Y_Z‡ gk[ [hW ^ehW Z[ ^WY[h [nWc[d Z[ YedY_[dY_W$ ÂľFeh gkƒ c[ h[ikb# jWXW jWd [cXWhWpeie YedjWh [iWi YeiWi5 De [hW iÂŒbe bW l[h]”[dpW Z[ YedjWh Wb]e \h[dj[ W kd ]hkfe Z[ f[hiedWi" ^WX‡W Wb]e c|i$ C[ Z_ Yk[djW gk[ h[YehZWh o jhW[h W bW c[ceh_W [iWi [nf[# h_[dY_Wi" i[]k‡W i_[dZe f[hjkh# XWZeh" W f[iWh Z[b j_[cfe gk[ ^WX‡W jhWdiYkhh_Ze$ ÂľFeh gkƒ c[ ZWXW jWdje c_[# Ze gk[ ejhWi f[hiedWi i[ Z_[hWd Yk[djW Z[ gk[ [hW _cf[h\[Yje" lkbd[hWXb[ o ^WijW kd feYe jed# je5 Âľ;i fei_Xb[ gk[ bW lWd_ZWZ" [b eh]kbbe e [b c_[Ze c[ [ijkl_[hWd [cfk`WdZe W jecWhc[ W c‡ c_i# ce Z[cWi_WZe [d i[h_e5
Ŋ+#!!(¢ŗŊŊ /1#-"~Ŋ04#Ŋ31 8#-".Ŋ+ 2Ŋ !.2 2Ŋ Ŋ+ Ŋ+49Ŋ#2Ŋ,4!'.Ŋ,;2Ŋ$;!(+Ŋ 24/#1 1+ 2Ŋ04#Ŋ, -3#-(_-".+ 2Ŋ #2!.-"(" 2ē
JhWi h[Ă“[n_edWh" c[ WYehZƒ Z[ gk[ bW 8_Xb_W ^WXbW ckY^e Z[ bei Xk[dei [\[Yjei Z[ bW ^kc_bZWZ$ Dei [di[‹W" feh [`[cfbe" gk[ :_ei cehW Yed bei ^kc_bZ[i o gk[ WcW Wb ^kc_bZ[ Z[ [if‡h_jk$ @[i‘i \k[ kd [`[cfbe Z[ ^kc_b# ZWZ o c[ WYehZƒ jWcX_ƒd Z[ Wb]e gk[ ^WX‡W b[‡Ze0 Âź:_ei ^WY[ Wb]k# dWi YeiWi fWhW [di[‹Whdei ^k# c_bZWZ" ejhWi fWhW cWdj[d[hdei ^kc_bZ[i o ejhWi c|i fWhW l[h i_ i[]k_cei i_[dZe ^kc_bZ[i½ :[ i[h Y_[hjW [iW c|n_cW # hWpedƒ# o [b fh_dY_f_e X‡Xb_Ye Z[ gk[ ÂźW gk_[d[i WcWd W :_ei jeZe YkWdje fk[ZW ikY[Z[hb[i b[i WokZW fWhW X_[d½" ^WijW [iWi Xe# Y^ehdeiWi [nf[h_[dY_Wi Z[X[h‡Wd h[ikbjWhc[ fhel[Y^eiWi$ 9ed [iW _Z[W [d bW YWX[pW" Z[Y_# Z‡ Z[`Wh Z[ h[i_ij_hc[ W bWi b[YY_e# d[i Z[ ^kc_bZWZ Z[ :_ei$ ;i c|i" c[ fhefki[ [Y^Whb[ kdW cWde fWhW W]_b_pWh [b fheY[ie$ C[ [n# fedZh‡W Wb XeY^ehde o Z[il[bWh‡W jeZWi [iWi [nf[h_[dY_Wi [d gk[
9.-#2ĹŠ/ 1 ĹŠ,#"(3 1 BW C[Z_jWY_ÂŒd JhWiY[dZ[djWb e jWcX_ƒd YedeY_ZW Yece CJ [i kdW jƒYd_YW c[djWb dWjkhWb gk[ dei f[hc_j[ [nf[h_c[d# jWh [b [ijWZe c|i i_b[dY_eie Z[ dk[ijhW fhef_W YedY_[d# Y_W" Z[X_Ze W gk[ [i [b YWcfe kd_Ă’YWZe Z[ jeZWi bWi b[o[i Z[ bW dWjkhWb[pW$ ;ijW i[ fk[Z[ fhWYj_YWh jeZei bei Z‡Wi [djh[ '+ o (& c_dkjei$ Fh[i[djWcei Y_dYe hWpe# d[i feh bWi YkWb[i Z[X[cei fhWYj_YWhbW$
ÄŠ
1 ĹŠ2 #1 Ä?ććŊ#234"(.2
ĹŠĹŠ 23 ĹŠ3_!-(! ĹŠ#23;ĹŠ1#2/ +" " ĹŠ/.1ĹŠ Ĺ—,;2ĹŠ"#ĹŠÄ?ććŊ#234"(.2ĹŠ/.1ĹŠ+ 2ĹŠ,#).1#2ĹŠ
4-(5#12(" "#2Ŋ8Ŋ!#-31.2Ŋ"#Ŋ(-5#23(% !(¢-Ŋ "#+Ŋ,4-".ēŊ
Ŋ Ŋ,#"(3 !(¢-Ŋ31 2!#-"#-3 +Ŋ/#1,(3#Ŋ Ŋ ŗ-4#231 Ŋ,#-3#Ŋ(1Ŋ/1.$4-" ,#-3#Ŋ' !( Ŋ2~Ŋ ,(2, Ŋ/ 1 Ŋ#7/#1(,#-3 1Ŋ+ Ŋ$4#-3#Ŋ"#+Ŋ /#-2 ,(#-3.ēŊ
ĹŠ 23#ĹŠ-(5#+ĹŠ,;2ĹŠ2(+#-!(.2.ĹŠ8ĹŠ31 -04(+.ĹŠ Ĺ—"#ĹŠ+ ĹŠ/1./( ĹŠ!.-!(#-!( ĹŠ#2ĹŠ#+ĹŠ ,/.ĹŠ -(ă! ".Ä“
'$ H[ZkY[ _d\Whjei0 FhWYj_YWh bW c[Z_jWY_Œd jhWiY[dZ[djWb h[# jWcX_ƒd WokZWh| Wb Wkc[dje ZkY[ ^WijW [b *- c[dei [d bW Z[ bW c[ceh_W o YWfWY_ZWZ Z[ _dY_Z[dY_W Z[ _d\Whjei Wb c_e# YedY[djhWY_Œd$ YWhZ_e o jhecXei_i Y[h[XhWb$ *$ 7okZW$ FhWYj_YWh bW c[# ($ :_ic_dko[ [b [dl[`[Y_# Z_jWY_Œd WokZW W h[ZkY_h bW ^_# c_[dje0 FhWYj_YWh bW c[Z_jW# f[hj[di_Œd" bW Wdi_[ZWZ" [b [i# Y_Œd jhWiY[dZ[djWb Z_ic_dko[ jhƒi o bW d[Y[i_ZWZ Z[ i[hl_Y_ei [b fheY[ie Z[ [dl[`[Y_c_[dje cƒZ_Yei$ Z[X_Ze W gk[ WokZW W bW h[][# +$ C[`ehW h[bWY_ed[i$ Fhe# d[hWY_Œd Z[ YƒbkbWi$ ck[lW [b Z[iWhhebbe Z[ bWi )$ :[iWhhebbW bW _dj[b_][d# f[hiedWi [d jeZei bei |cX_jei Y_W o bW Yh[Wj_l_ZWZ$ I_ jhWjWi bWXehWb[i$ FhWYj_YWh bW c[Z_jW# Z[ fhWYj_YWh [ijW c[Z_jWY_Œd Y_Œd jhWiY[dZ[djWb WokZW W c[# jhWiY[dZ[djWb jk _dj[b_][dY_W `ehWh bWi h[bWY_ed[i f[hiedWb[i o Yh[Wj_l_ZWZ i[ Z[iWhhebbWh|d" o fhe\[i_edWb[i$
jkl[ gk[ jhW]Whc[ [b eh]kbbe$ 7i‡ gk[ Z[Y_Z‡ [cf[pWh feh [b fh_dY_f_e$ C_ fh_c[hW i_jkWY_Œd XeY^ehdeiW bW jkl[ Wdj[i Z[ dWY[h" Wkdgk[ bŒ]_YWc[dj[" de c[ [dj[hƒ Z[b Wikdje ^WijW ckY^e Z[ifkƒi$ C_ decXh[ c[ be fkie [b f[# hhe Z[ bW \Wc_b_W$ De [i XhecW1 be Z_]e [d i[h_e$ EYkhh_Œ Wi‡0 H[ikb# jW gk[ c_i fWZh[i de be]hWXWd fed[hi[ Z[ WYk[hZe [d gkƒ dec# Xh[ fed[hc[$
C_ cWZh[ gk[h‡W XWkj_pWhc[ Yed [b Z[ ik fWZh[1 o c_ fWZh[ Z[i[WXW gk[ oe bb[lWhW ik fhef_e decXh[$ BW iebkY_ÂŒd eXl_W [hW fed[hc[ WcXei decXh[i1 f[he b[i h[ikbjWXW Z_\‡Y_b Z[Y_Z_h [d gkƒ ehZ[d be ^Wh‡Wd$ ÂľIWX[i YÂŒce h[# iebl_[hed [b Z_b[cW5 Cko i_cfb[$ De i[ b[i eYkhh_ÂŒ dWZW c[`eh gk[ Z[`Wh [b Wikdje [d cWdei" e [d bWi fWjWi Z[b f[hhe$ ;d kd h_dYÂŒd Z[b YkWhje YebeYW#
hed kd fbWje Z[b Wb_c[dje \Wleh_je Z[b Wd_cWb o kd b[jh[he [d [b gk[ Ă’]khWXW [b decXh[ Z[ c_ fWZh[1 o [d [b [njh[ce efk[ije ejhe fbWje Z[b c_ice Wb_c[dje Yed [b decXh[ Z[ c_ WXk[be Wb bWZe$ ;b f[hhe efjÂŒ feh [b fbWje Z[b bWZe Z[ c_ cWZh[ o Yece Yedi[Yk[dY_W" Z[iZ[ [djed# Y[i c[ bbWce 9khj_i F[j[h$ OW l[p" \k_ YWfWp Z[ YedjWhbe i_d jWfk`ei$ O de c[ YeijÂŒ jWdje Yece c[ _cW]_dWXW$
.ĹŠ3#-#1ĹŠ ,(%.2ĹŠ#2ĹŠ3 -ĹŠĹŠ /#+(%1.2.ĹŠ!.,.ĹŠ$4, 1ĹŠ.ĹŠ # #1 De j[d[h Wc_]ei fk[Z[ i[h jWd f[# b_]heie fWhW bW iWbkZ Yece \kcWh e jecWh WbYe^eb [d [nY[ie" i[]‘d YedYbko[ kd [ijkZ_e Z[ Y_[dj‡ÒYei [ijWZekd_Z[di[i" fkXb_YWZe [d bW [Z_Y_ÂŒd [b[YjhÂŒd_YW Z[ bW h[l_ijW FBeI C[Z_Y_d[$ Bei [nf[hjei Wi[]khWd gk[ [b W_ibWc_[dje [i cWbe fWhW bW iW# bkZ o" i_d [cXWh]e" [ijW [i kdW j[dZ[dY_W YWZW l[p cWoeh [d kd ckdZe _dZkijh_Wb_pWZe [d [b gk[ Æi[ [ij|d h[ZkY_[dZe [dehc[# c[dj[ bW YWdj_ZWZ o bW YWb_ZWZ Z[ bWi h[bWY_ed[i ieY_Wb[iÇ$ ;ijkZ_ei fh[l_ei ^Wd Z[ceijhW# Ze gk[ bWi f[hiedWi Yed c[dei h[# bWY_ed[i ieY_Wb[i ck[h[d Wdj[i gk[ Wgk[bbWi gk[ i[ h[bWY_edWd c|i Yed Wc_]ei" YedeY_Zei o \Wc_b_Wh[i$ Feh [ie" fh[eYkfWZei feh [b Wkc[dje Z[ f[hiedWi gk[ i[ h[# bWY_edWd c[dei Yed bei Z[c|i" WdWb_pWhed YÂŒce fk[Z[ W\[YjWh W bW iWbkZ kd W_ibWc_[dje [nY[i_le$ FWhW [bbe" bei _dl[ij_]WZeh[i h[# Ykhh_[hed W '*. [ijkZ_ei fh[l_ei gk[ \WY_b_jWhWd ZWjei ieXh[ bW ceh# jWb_ZWZ Z[ bei _dZ_l_Zkei [d \kd#
Y_Œd Z[ iki h[bWY_ed[i ieY_Wb[i$ JhWi WdWb_pWh bei ZWjei Z[ )&.$.*/ _dZ_l_Zkei" i[]k_Zei Zk# hWdj[ kdW c[Z_W Z[ -"+ W‹ei" Z[i# YkXh_[hed gk[ bWi f[hiedWi Yed c|i h[bWY_ed[i ieY_Wb[i j_[d[d kd +& c|i Z[ fheXWX_b_ZWZ[i Z[ ikf[hl_l[dY_W gk[ Wgk[bbei gk[ i[ h[bWY_edWd c[dei Yed bei ejhei$ I[]‘d bei [nf[hjei Z[ bW Kd_# l[hi_ZWZ 8h_]^Wc Oekd] KjW^ o Z[b :[fWhjWc[dje Z[ ;f_Z[c_ebe# ]‡W Z[ bW Kd_l[hi_ZWZ Z[ 9Wheb_dW Z[b Dehj[ gk[ ^Wd fWhj_Y_fWZe [d
[b [ijkZ_e bW _cfehjWdY_W Z[ j[d[h kdW Xk[dW h[Z Z[ Wc_]ei o Xk[# dWi h[bWY_ed[i \Wc_b_Wh[i Æ[i Yec# fWhWXb[ W Z[`Wh Z[ \kcWh o ikf[hW ckY^ei \WYjeh[i Z[ h_[i]e Z[ bW cehjWb_ZWZ Yece bW eX[i_ZWZ" bW _dWYj_l_ZWZ \‡i_YWÇ$ ;ijei h[ikb# jWZei jWcX_ƒd h[l[bWd gk[" WdWb_# pWdZe ejhei [\[Yjei Yece bW [ZWZ" [b i[ne e bW YedZ_Y_ÂŒd Z[ iWbkZ Z[b _dZ_l_Zke" bW _dj[]hWY_ÂŒd ieY_Wb fk[Z[ i[h ejhe \WYjeh W j[d[h [d Yk[djW W bW ^ehW Z[ [lWbkWh [b h_[i# ]e Z[ cehjWb_ZWZ Z[b _dZ_l_Zke$