The Future of Parking Studio: Team POP Phase 2 and 3

THE URBAN FUTURE OF PARKING FALL

2019

PLAN 7007 IN PARTNERSHIP +

Cincinnati 2050 Master Plan Phase 1

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Phase 1: Contents 0 INTRODUCTION

CONTRIBUTORS

1 CURRENT CONDITIONS

University of Cincinnati College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning School of Planning PLAN 7007 - FALL 2019 Professor: Conrad Kickert, Ph.D., Ryan Geismar, ASLA, Ryan Newman Team POP: Jyutika Bhise, Jamie Kreindler, Laura Mendez Ortiz, Kyle Wilson

2 GOALS / OBJECTIVES 3 CONCEPT 4 SITE PLANS 5 CONCLUSION

Above: Cincinnati’s Central Business District

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0.1 INTRODUCTION Cincinnati was once the densest city in America. In

was defined by suburbanization and inner-city decline.

the early 20th century, the city was characterized by

Cincinnati followed the national trend as many people

an intricate canal and streetcar system that supported

left the city to live in the suburbs. Many of Cincinnati’s

transportation, manufacturing, and more.

Yet, the

subsequent plans did consider alternative modes of

introduction of the Ford Model-T in 1908 dramatically

transportation besides private automobiles, yet, they

changed the urban fabric of American cities like Cincinnati.

never became viable options that were implemented.

With cheaper, more accessible cars came the need to

This has led to the reactive, auto-centric city as seen

develop the streetscape of cities as well as create storage

today. Some city plans, such as the 1947 transportation

for vehicles in the form of parking lots and garages. The

study and the 2000 Plan, did address the need for parking

iconic canal was replaced by Central Parkway, a car-

reform.3 Unfortunately, the outcome of the 2000 Plan

oriented street bisecting the Central Business District

ultimately pushed parking to the periphery of downtown

from the surrounding neighborhoods.2 By the 1950s,

and did not help to achieve more connectivity throughout

highways were being built across the country, and the era

the city.4

1

0.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Over the last century, Cincinnati prioritized auto-centric planning. The city sought to solve its parking crises and traffic problems as a means of mitigating population loss and the lagging vitality of the downtown core. However, most of the plans did not effectively address or solve the problems at hand. Even the 2000 Plan, which clearly addressed parking, resulted in parking being pushed to the periphery of downtown.4 This ultimately separated downtown from the surrounding neighborhoods like an archipelago of islands. Parking has essentially rotted the city from the inside out. Consequently, the present-day urban fabric in Cincinnati is largely disjoined and broken.

Fig. 0.3.A: Downtown Cincinnati can be reimagined as a vibrant place to live, work, and play6

0.3 FUTURE VISION The vision is to bring life and connectivity back to the urban center of Cincinnati in order to reactive the city.

Cincinnati is not merely a commuter city for tourists, suburbanites, and workers that operates from 9am5pm during the business week. Rather, Cincinnati can be reinvigorated as a safe and lively city for all with activities that extend to all hours of the day and all days of the week.

As surrounding neighborhoods like Over the Rhine and nearby cities like Newport in Northern Kentucky continue to change and develop, it is an opportunity for the city of Cincinnati to build on that momentum in the metro area.

Fig. 0.3.B: Sketch of the plan to strengthen connectivity in the urban core of Cincinnati7

Through redesigning current parking lots and proposing new, creative developments, the goal is to create a more connected downtown. By strengthening the districts, increasing residential density, and anchoring the urban core, more people such as young professionals, baby boomers, and empty nesters will be motivated to live,

Fig. 0.1.A: Old aerial imagery of downtown Cincinnati5

work, and play in the city of Cincinnati.

1

Stradling, David. Cincinnati From River City to Highway Metropolis. Arcadia, 2003.

4

City of Cincinnati Commission. Cincinnati 2000 Plan.

2

Wartman, Scott. “A look at Cincinnati’s troubled century of mass transit.” Cincinnati Enquirer. 25 Apr. 2018.

6

“Fountain Square Ice Rink Now Open.” Date Night Cincinnati, May 17, 2019. https://datenightcincinnati.com/fountain-square-ice-rink-opens-october-28-for-2016-sea-

3

City of Cincinnati Commission. Parking, a study of present and future needs in downtown Cincinnati. September, 1947.

son/.

4

City of Cincinnati Commission. Cincinnati 2000 Plan, adopted by the City Planning Commission, 1986.

7

5

Hand, Greg and Michelle Flanagan. “Cincinnati’s Long-Lost ‘Red Light’ District.” Cincinnati Magazine, October 6, 2016. https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/citywiseblog/

Authors

cincinnatis-long-lost-red-light-district/.

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1.1 CURRENT CONDITIONS The urban form of Cincinnati is failing because it was built

the city. Moreover, the one-way streets do not promote

age, gender, and housing. At the city’s peak, roughly

for a population and culture that is not presently being

connectivity, and there is a lack of signage as well as no

11,000 people were living downtown. An analysis of the

experienced in the city. Currently, downtown Cincinnati

dedicated lanes for different mobility users in downtown.

age and gender demographics in Cincinnati reveals that

is physically isolated along all sides. The southern edge

The city of Cincinnati has often taken a reactive stance

males ages 25-29 and females ages 30-34 are the most

of the city is signified by the Ohio River. The wide road

to transportation policies. For instance, the introduction

common age group.8 This means that most of the people

of Central Parkway to the north creates its own physical

of scooters took the city by surprise. The city has not

currently living in downtown Cincinnati are working age.

and spatial barrier. Finally, highways constrict either side

responded adequately to support the use and inclusion

of downtown, limiting future development. These current

of scooters as well as other transportation modes. It is

As for housing typology, the most popular type contains

conditions in the city reveal weak internal and external

necessary moving forward for the city of Cincinnati to

20 or more units which is high density urban living. Over

connectivity. They also inform the proposed developments

plan proactively for multi-modal transportation and new

half of the people presently living downtown moved to

and reinforce the need for more connectivity in downtown

forms of technology in order to accommodate a vibrant

the city after the year 2010. In addition, most people

Cincinnati.

mix of users within the Central Business District.

living downtown are singles and renters; this may refer to a transient population in the city. Based on the 2017

There are additionally many aspects of the current urban form in Cincinnati that relate to transportation and micro-

1.2 DEMOGRAPHICS

mobility uses or the lack thereof. Cincinnati has a large

Census, the average home values range from $300,000 to $500,000 and $500,000 to $1,000,000. As for renters, the average rent is $500 per month. Generally,

network of alleyways. However, they are underutilized

Historical changes and events have contributed to

Cincinnatians are willing to spend 15% of their income

and do not presently enhance the overall streetscape of

Cincinnati’s current demographics including population,

on housing.8

1.3 SWOT ANALYSIS Analyzing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with development in the city of Cincinnati is a helpful exercise in determining the planning goals and objectives for the future.

Strengths: Some of the main strengths include the city’s existing facilities and physical form. Cincinnati has existing commercial and retail spaces, city infrastructure, and compact block sizes. The city is also home to a variety of beautiful historic structures and a rich history that bolsters local pride and encourages future development relating back to its roots. In addition, there is a diversity of cultural and arts facilities in downtown such as the Aronoff Center and Taft Museum. Cincinnati is known for its high level of tree cover, and many streets are already making use of mature street trees. Coupled with an extensive collection of public murals and art installations, there are numerous efforts being made to beautify the city.

Weaknesses: In term of the city’s weaknesses, it is missing some uses, connections, and activities and lacking a distinct identity. Cincinnati is a medium-sized city without a strong sense of place. The Central Business District lacks a permanent community due to the transient nature of residents and a dearth of housing options.

Moreover, as a result of the low residential numbers, the city predominately operates during business hours rather than every hour of the day and every day of the week.

Overall, the city of Cincinnati is spatially isolated by a ring of high traffic roadways and parking lots with weak

Fig. 1.2.A: Population pyramid for different age groups of males and females living in downtown Cincinnati7 7

Authors

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Fig. 1.2.B: Study of the current conditions within the CBD color-coded by primary use of the buildings with parking highlighted in orange7 7

Authors

8

United States Census 2017, accessed via Fact Finder.

THE FUTURE OF URBAN PARKING | PLAN 7007 | FALL 2019

internal and external connections.

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2.1 GOALS / OBJECTIVES Cincinnati

interest and has already seen success in coordinating

has many opportunities for the future. There is the

public-private partnerships for redevelopment in the

potential for growth in the urban center. The Cincinnati

city. The corporate involvement, interest, and success in

metropolitan region is one of the fastest growing in the

the city of Cincinnati can be leveraged as an opportunity

Midwest.9 This momentum can be focused downtown

for future growth and redevelopment.

Opportunities:

Despite

the

weaknesses,

where voids of parking lots make perfect opportunities for redevelopment. Cincinnati has a multicultural history as it

Threats: Finally, the threats to development and growth

was a massive immigrant destination in the 19th century.

in Cincinnati include outside competition and financial

Drawing on this legacy, more diverse housing types can

or political barriers. Insufficient public funding and

be built, and more people with different backgrounds

bureaucracy could slow or stall the implementation

could be attracted to live, work, and play downtown.

of redevelopment projects. Cincinnati has a history of inefficient public projects, such as the failed Metro

Looking towards the future, Cincinnati is considered

Moves plan and the new, often-criticized streetcar

a climate refuge from the disastrous effects of climate

system.11 The Cincinnati tax base is hesitant to fund

change. The influx of people moving from coastal regions

additional public initiatives considering that past deals

around the world will support future growth in cities like

such as those for constructing the city’s stadiums have

Cincinnati.10 The amount of parking in downtown can also

been regrettable. Another potential threat is strong

be redeveloped with the support of private investment and

regional centers like the City of Mason may compete

public-private partnerships. Cincinnati has a strong base

with development in downtown. All in all, there is the

of Fortune 500 companies with an interest in revitalizing

fear that Cincinnati may not live up to its expectations.

Fig. 2.1.A: Overview of the primary goal with six main objectives7

the urban core. 3CDC was formed out of this precise

2.2 ASSETS

Fig. 1.3.A: Analysis of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats)7

7

Authors

9

Coolidge, Alexander. “Cincinnati’s Economy Hits $138B, Outpaces US Growth Rate.” Cincinnati Enquirer, September 18, 2018. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/mon-

Numerous assets can be leveraged to achieve the

promotes economic development. Significant public

goals and objectives. First and foremost, people are

investments such as the streetcar, stadiums, and

the strongest asset to the city. The existing as well as

parks are furthermore creating a more energetic and

potential residents, workers, and tourists that will come

picturesque downtown. These investments contribute

to the city can add life and growth to Cincinnati. The

to development momentum such as that experienced

plan is focused around bringing as many new people to

by the Banks. The available infrastructure in the city

the city as possible in order to leverage this asset and

including the streetscape and public parks are other

restore some of Cincinnati’s past vibrancy. Additionally,

assets that can be enhanced through new developments.

Cincinnati has several Fortune 500 companies and

The developments occurring around downtown in places

a promising network of small businesses. Six of the

like Over the Rhine and Newport, Kentucky are also

Fortune

assets to the city of Cincinnati as they add to this building

in

7

500

Cincinnati

companies which

have

creates

job

their

headquarters

opportunities

and

momentum and connectivity in the metro area.

Authors

ey/2018/09/18/cincinnatis-economy-hits-138-b-beats-us-growth/1346290002/.

10

“Some Northern Cities Could Be Reborn as ‘Climate Havens’ “ Yale Climate Connections, July 28, 2019. https://www.yaleclimateconnections.

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“Cincinnati: Cincinnati Transit: A Brief History,” metro, accessed October 3, 2019, http://metro-cincinnati.org/?page_id=977.

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3.1 CONCEPT 3.2 VIGNETTE

3.3 CONCEPT MAP

The neighborhoods that make up Cincinnati’s urban

The four districts on the concept map represent distinct

core are essentially a series of floating islands. There is

areas to live, work, and play in downtown Cincinnati.

a lack of connectivity between the neighborhoods, and

The districts are situated along the main and secondary

this is largely due to the voids of parking that separate

multi-modal

them. The concept is to revitalize Cincinnati with a vine

diverse transportation modes including pedestrians,

of connectivity between the islands and along the route

bicycles, scooters, buses, and cars. The impact zone,

of its historic canal, which was once the catalyst for so

as shown in a faint green border along the corridors or

much growth in the city. The vine will act as a strong

‘vine’ on the map, represents the places that will be most

multi-modal corridor. Its leaves extend out into each of

directly impacted by the proposed concept. This zone is

the neighborhoods, supporting future development and

the focus of the public infrastructure improvements and

urban infill. The plan coalesces spatially into the more

connectivity from the Central Business District to the

detailed concept map which follows.

bordering neighborhoods.

corridors,

meaning

they

accommodate

concept supports a balanced, well-connected city with

Some of these connections make use of alleyways that

a harmony of residential, commercial, and recreational

can allow for unique inner-block relationships as well.

uses.

Additionally, there are external connections that extend to surrounding neighborhoods like Over the Rhine, West

Finally, at the core of downtown is a bold civic hub centered

End, and Mount Adams as well as towards cities across

on Fountain Square. The four districts surrounding the

the river like Newport and Covington in Kentucky. All

core anchor downtown and promote crossroads of synergy

these important connections reinforce a thriving, unified

in the city. The internal connections on the concept map

Cincinnati.

further promote walkability and connectivity in downtown.

Each district on the map contains both green spaces and commercial hubs with amenities such as bars, restaurants, and shops. The districts connect back to the main and secondary corridors as well as the internal structure. The internal connector paths are shared roads that include markings and signage for various users. This

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Fig. 3.2.A: The vignette shows the plan for connecting the CBD to surrounding neighborhoods7

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Fig. 3.3.A: Concept map key7

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Authors

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Fig. 3.3.B: Concept map with four clearly defined districts, multi-modal corridors, and a bold civic hub7

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4.1 SITE PLANS The vision for the site plans is to create a more connected downtown by defining and strengthening the four unique districts. The concept is reinforced in the site plans with the purpose of growing the city of Cincinnati by attracting more people to live, work, and play in the Central Business District. The plan adds amenities and promotes walkability in order to meet the needs of people without a dependence on private car ownership. This will be accomplished through the redevelopment and reduction of parking spaces in two main phases: 25% parking reduction and 50% parking reduction. The upcoming pages will provide details about the following maps and plans: •

Land Use Map

•

Multi-Modal Transportation Corridor

•

District 1

•

District 2

•

District 3

•

Urban Underpass Park

•

District 4

•

25% Parking Reduction

•

50% Parking Reduction

4.2 LAND USE MAP The land use map reveals a variety of different proposed uses in downtown. This reinforces an active, diverse city in which those living downtown have access to all the amenities that they need within a short walking distance. The various land uses- residential, commercial, office, institutional, and green space- are broken down by the phase of development and the total square footage per phase. A total square footage for the two phases of development combined is also included in the calculations. Based on the calculations, residential makes up the largest of the five land uses at 2,211,660 square feet. Second to residential is office use, making up a total of 542,400 square feet. Behind residential and office are green space at 277,000 square feet, institutional at square feet.7

Phase 1

Phase 2

Total

Residential

799,464

1,412,196

2,211,660 sq. ft

Office

303,400

239,000

542,400 sq. ft

Green Space

190,000

87,000

277,000 sq. ft

Institutional

105,000

41,000

146,000 sq. ft

Commercial

43,500

62,000

105,500 sq. ft

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Fig. 4.2.A: Map of proposed land uses in downtown Cincinnati with the key7

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Authors

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146,000 square feet, and commercial use at 105,500

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4.3 MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORTATION CORRIDOR

the Streetcar. It also builds on the existing regional

Central Avenue. These bike lanes can be considered ‘slow

of the BRT system includes quality shelters with pay

transportation plan called the Oasis Rail Transit Line,

lanes’ as they are intended to accommodate bicycles

kiosks, transit-dedicated traffic lights, and engraved

which will extend from downtown’s Riverfront Transit

and scooters; signage and markings will indicate both

markings. In the first phase of the plan, this lane can

Center to Milford, Ohio.

transportation modes. On Central Parkway, a lane will be

effectively serve as a carpooling or ‘fast lane’ which

dedicated solely for transit, forming a Bus Rapid Transit

allows for transit, ridesharing, vans, and so on. During

(BRT) system. The BRT system will also incorporate the

the second phase of the plan’s implementation, the lane

Streetcar, allowing the Streetcar to work more efficiently

can transition into a more permanent lane for transit.

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A

multi-modal

transportation

corridor

furthermore

contributes to the safety, connectivity, and sustainability of downtown Cincinnati. The proposed multi-modal corridors support a complete streets approach. This

Central Parkway and Central Avenue

means that roadways are designed to accommodate and ensure the safety of various users including pedestrians,

Central Parkway and Central Avenue comprise the

cyclists, scooter users, transit riders, and motorists.

essential part of the vine that will build the Central

Complete streets consist of an interwoven array of streets

Business District’s internal and external connectivity. As

that provide choice in travel modes and routes, thus

the largest roads in downtown that stretch the length and

helping to alleviate congestion, increase connectivity, and

width of the Central Business District, these two roads

improve livability.Not all streets are designed in the same

have the capacity to accommodate various users through

way, nor do they always need to accommodate all users.

future redevelopment. Pedestrians currently enjoy well-

Rather, complete streets are shaped to the surrounding

kept sidewalks on both roads. However, landscaping,

context, the street’s purpose, and the current and future

wide and visible crosswalks, and mid-block crossings can

capabilities.

This plan highlights key corridors, each with

help increase the pedestrian’s level of comfort on Central

their own structure, that will help support the existing

Parkway and Central Avenue. A dedicated, protected

and proposed developments in downtown Cincinnati. The

bike lane has already begun to be developed on Central

multi-modal transportation plan will support and enhance

Parkway as part of the Canal Bikeway. Based on this

current pathways and infrastructure such as the Ohio

momentum, protected bike lanes can be extended to

River Trail, Canal Bikeway, the Purple People Bridge, and

both sides of Central Parkway and then extended down to

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because it will not be disrupted by daily traffic. Part

Fig. 4.3.B: Central Avenue showing pedestrian, bike, bus, and car lanes7

Left: Map of Oasis Rail Transit Line13

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Fig. 4.3.A: Central Parkway reimagined with multi-modal lanes7

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Fig. 4.3.C: Map displaying the proposed multi-modal transportation plan for downtown7

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Authors

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America, Smart Growth. n.d. Networks of Complete Streets. Fact Sheet, Washington D.C: National Complete Streets Coalition.

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“Oasis Rail Transit Overview.” Eastern Corridor. Accessed November 10, 2019. https://easterncorridor.org/projects/oasis-rail-transit/oasis-rail-transit-project-overview/.

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Fourth Street Fourth Street is representative of many streets in Cincinnati’s Central Business District. It contains oneway streets with budding commercial and residential developments that are lined with on-street parking. The potential growth along these types of streets are burdened by one-way rapid vehicular traffic, parking congestion, and unsafe pedestrian crossings. Conversion of one-way streets into two-way streets in cities like Cincinnati can help complement redevelopment initiatives to promote commercial growth and pedestrian safety. A study evaluating the effects of a two-way street conversion in Louville, Kentucky reported that traffic collisions decreased, business owners responded positively, and residents felt it enhanced a sense of neighborhood character.14 By converting Fourth Street into a two-way street, the change will encourage east-west connectivity and attract travelers to come to this destination rather than through to reach another destination. Converting to a two-way street can also help slow down traffic and ensure safety of other transportation users.

14

The

progress on Fourth Street can serve as an example for the conversion of other similar streets in the city of Cincinnati. In addition, some of the parking lanes would be converted to bike and scooter lanes, thus encouraging and

accommodating

diverse

micro-mobility

uses.

Internal Network of CyclingFriendly Pathways

Culvert Street

Streets such as 7th, 8th, Elm, and Broadway serve to

developments, Culvert Street, on the east side of

After parking lots have been transformed into new Cincinnati’s Central Business District, would be converted

support the internal connectivity of Cincinnati’s Central

into a micro-mobility pathway; the pathway would

Business District. They guide non-motorists between the

prioritize pedestrians, cyclists, and scooter users. Jan

main vines of downtown and throughout the city. Using

Gehl coined the term “pedestrian priority areas” to

signage, wayfinding, and markings, these improvements

describe streets such as the proposed redesign of Culvert

will help to guide cyclists and scooter users on shared pathways;

this

occurs

either

with

pedestrians

Street that discourages or prohibits car traffic.16 This

on

practice originates from the Ciclovías in Colombia which

sidewalks or with motorists on roads. Other street

started 32 years ago and has now spread throughout the

calming strategies include bump outs and narrow lane

United States. On every Sunday in Colombia, the main

speed bumps. These strategies will be important for

roads are temporarily closed off to vehicular traffic and

signaling motorists to slow down and watch out for

are turned into event spaces that are pedestrian and

other transportation users. Consistent, well-connected

cyclist friendly.17 The pedestrian and cycling pathway on

landscaping, tree plantings, and public art can additionally

Culvert Street would connect back to the Purple People

create a pleasant travel experience for all. Pop-up bike

Bridge. This use would enhance Cincinnati’s streetscape

lanes could be utilized on these streets to see if the

by prioritizing people at the front of buildings and public

streets would benefit from permanent bike lanes. Pop-up

spaces and diverting vehicular traffic to the back of those

bike and scooter lanes are tools used in campaigns such

places. Since Culvert Street runs parallel to Eggleston

as Kansas City’s Better Block KC campaign and Northern

Avenue and Butler Street, this practice would not be

Kentucky’s ConnectNKY initiative. Lastly, cycling and scooter parking infrastructure should be placed on these streets as this can keep sidewalks safe for all ages and abilities. An example of this development can be seen in

Fig. 4.3.E: Examples of pop-up bike and scooter lanes in Newport, Kentucky15

an inconvenience to motorists or a worry for business owners in the area.

the Cleveland neighborhood, Ohio City, where the city planners took proactive measures when scooters were reintroduced to the city.

Left: Street in Bogotá, Colombia, on a workday (top) compared to a Sunday for the Ciclovía (bottom)17

Fig. 4.3.D: Multi-modal Fourth Street7

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Fig. 4.3.F: Multi-modal Culvert Street7

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Authors

14

Riggs, Williams, and John Gilderbloom. 2016. “Two-Way Street Conversion: Evidence of.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 105-118.

Authors

15

ConnectNKY Pop Up Bike Lane: https://www.greenumbrella.org/TriStateTrails-connectNKY.

16

Miller, Steven. 2016. “People Priority Streets: Neighborhood Ways, Slow Streets and Safety Zones.” Livable Streets. June 16. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://www.

livablestreets.info/people_priority_streets_neighborways_slow_streets_and_safety_zones.

17

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C. Hernandez, Javier. 2008. “Car-Free Streets, a Colombian Export, Inspire Debate.” The New York Times, June 24.

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4.4 DISTRICT 1 Main Assets

Reimagined

The first district lies in the northwest corner of Cincinnati.

opportunity for redevelopment which would fill in the

The plan is to build upon the friendly neighborhood

This will be accomplished by providing mixed income

It is home to beautiful institutional anchors such as City

gaps and make the district even more livable. Towards the

atmosphere with new row homes, low density multi-

housing and continuing the character of the newly

Hall and numerous religious institutions like churches.

south of the district, denser residential development is

family units, and street level amenities such as shops and

developed residential units in West End. Traffic on both

In addition, there is a collection of single-family row

growing around Garfield Place and Piatt Park. This cluster

dining options for the district’s residents and employees.

Central Parkway and Central Avenue will also be slowed

homes in isolated pockets surrounded by a great deal

of apartment buildings and condos utilizes adaptive reuse

Central Parkway is also present in the first district. The

to encourage pedestrian access through these streets.

of parking in the district. The lower density setting

to turn former department stores and offices into rustic

vision is to transition Central Parkway into a more viable

Abutting two small, existing museums in the district,

promotes a quieter pace of life and more serene, walkable

residential units that fit with the character of the entire

boulevard championing use of multi-modal transportation

additional proposed developments include a pocket park

neighborhood atmosphere. With churches, a few schools,

district. There is currently little commercial activity in

options including pedestrians, bikes, scooters, and buses

and community center. These features will contribute to

and government services within the district, this is a

the area to draw the casual visitor. Yet, the first district

as well as cars. The community will maintain its healthy

a strong, vibrant neighborhood character and further

wonderful place for families, baby boomers, or empty

has many existing assets and the potential to become a

mix of office and residential uses while becoming a

promote connectivity and accessibility.

nesters to live. The parking in the area presents the

livelier space in the future.

stronger connection to West End and Over the Rhine.

Below: Current townhome20

Left: Possible boulevard for District 121

Left: District 1 reimagined7

Above: Piatt Park is a wonderful asset to the city19

Left: Potential townhomes to be developed22

Fig. 4.4.A: District 1 current conditions with assets7 Above: City Hall is a prominent institutional anchor18

Left: Urban pocket parks have many benefits for cities23

Fig. 4.4.B: Insert map of District 1 in downtown Cincinnati7

7

Fig. 4.4.C: 3-D modal of District 1 with proposed buildings7

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Authors

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Authors

21

“Boulevard Saint-Germain.” Wikimedia Foundation, April 27, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Germain.

cincinnati-city-hall-how-texting-case-evolved/3072343002/.

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“Luxury Urban Townhomes.” UrbanTurf. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://dc.urbanturf.com/articles/blog/new_nv_luxury_urban_townhomes_present_impeccable_

19

“Piatt Park.” Cincinnati Parks. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://www.cincinnatiparks.com/central/piatt-park/.

quality_in_unbeatable_loca/10502.

20

Google Street Maps, accessed via Google Maps.

23

Coolidge, Sharon. “Timeline: How the City Hall Text Case Evolved.” Cincinnati Enquirer, March 12, 2019. https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/06/

Deegan, Tim. “Developer Funded Vest Pocket Parks.” CityWatch Los Angeles, November 4, 2019. https://www.citywatchla.com/index.php/2016-01-01-13-17-00/los-an-

geles/15547-developer-funded-vest-pocket-parks-a-new-york-idea-for-la.

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4.5 DISTRICT 2 Main Assets

Reimagined

The second district is in the southwest corner of

adjacent

the

The reimagination of the second district envisions

Contained within a single block, it is a destination for

downtown. It has been the densest of the four districts

Convention Center. These developments poise District

Millennium

Hotel

in

order

to

serve

a blending of new developments with the existing

shopping, dining, business, hospitality, and more. The

with residential and commercial uses. One of downtown’s

2 as the perfect gateway for business and conference

historic character. Through expanding public spaces

alley itself is activated with beautiful art installations,

largest residential buildings is found in this district at

visitors to Cincinnati. The only formal “green space”

and activating blocks and alleyways with hidden gems,

lighting, and colorful pavers as well as an open-container

Fourth Street and Plum Street. The intersection contains

existing within the district is Shapes Park cradled by the

this district will become a more interesting gateway for

drink policy that allows visitors to move between bars

a smattering of high-density luxury condos lining the

parking garage connected via a pedestrian bridge to the

conference attendants and visitors to Cincinnati as well as

and maximize the use of public spaces.24 Developing a

street in both directions. The second district is also

Convention Center. There is opportunity to expand this

the district’s many employees and residents. The design

similar space in Cincinnati will certainly attract many

characterized by its historical architecture and proximity

space with an increased variety of uses, drawing upon its

of the alleyways in the second district is largely inspired

people to the district, making it a can’t-miss spot in the

to the Convention Center across the street. Currently, a

current playful and artistic focus. While there are only a

by the Dairy Block in Denver, Colorado. The Dairy Block

city.

development group is purchasing property along Fourth

few existing parking lots open for redevelopment, District

is a newly developed micro-district in the city of Denver.

Street for new businesses within the historic buildings.

2 has several assets that can be leveraged for future

This includes the Central Business District’s first brewery

development in order to transform and grow the space

in decades. The reuse momentum is augmented by plans

for residents, workers, and visitors alike.

to demolish and build a new hotel on the site of the

Below: Additional commercial uses20 Left: Dairy Block in Denver, CO24

Left: District 2 reimagined7 Above: Commercial

Left: A blend of

amenities in the

historic and modern

second district20

architecture25

Fig. 4.5.A: District 2 current conditions with assets7

Above: Historic buildings in the district20

Left: Activated public spaces for all to enjoy26

Fig. 4.5.B: Insert map of District 2 in downtown Cincinnati7

7

Fig. 4.5.C: 3-D modal of District 2 with proposed buildings7

7

Authors

20

Google Street Maps, accessed via Google Maps.

Authors

24

Downtown Denver Restaurants, Shops, Hotel.” Dairy Block. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://dairyblock.com/.

25

Macdonald, Wildblood. “Blending Old and New.” Twitter, August 23, 2018. https://twitter.com/wildbloodmac/status/1032655231929200640.

26

Spaceandplace. “Public Space vs. Commons vs. Park.” Space Place, September 1, 2018. https://spaceandplace.home.blog/2018/09/01/public-space-vs-commons-vs-

park/.

22

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4.6 DISTRICT 3 Main Assets

Reimagined

District 3 is a strong commercial district in downtown

been adapted into lofts. The eastern side of the third

While District 3 is in many ways a thriving commercial and

green spaces, and connecting to the proposed underpass

Cincinnati. Located in the northeast corner of the city

district is overrun by a sea of parking along Eggleston

residential area, it can be enhanced and strengthened.

park network. These additions will without a doubt

center, it is positioned near the surrounding neighborhoods

Avenue that is covered by many highway overpasses.

The addition of new, modern apartment buildings will

add character and vibrancy to the district. District 3 is

of Over the Rhine and Mount Adams. Some of the main

These spaces create opportunities for new developments

connect with the existing luxury development, extending

reimagined as a trendy, high-density, pedestrian-friendly

assets in this district include the many well-connected

including a unique use of the underpasses with food

this community to Eggleston Avenue and the edge of the

neighborhood that can attract corporate families at Procter

alleyways as well as the proximity to Jack Casino, the

trucks, murals, parks, and more. All in all, this district

city. The existing Main Street business district will be

& Gamble and other business folks. It may additionally

new Kroger store, and a pedestrian bridge that leads

has important assets such as its internal alleyways and

revitalized with new commercial buildings, filling the voids

attract young professionals who are interested to live in

to Mount Adams. Additional assets are two new luxury

proximity to Procter & Gamble as well as its external,

of parking that break up its urban form. Wide pedestrian

an active, innovative urban space. People who are curious

residential developments that were recently built along

pedestrian-friendly

walkways will help to reinforce walkability and connectivity

to experience the Urban Underpass Park and enjoy the

7th Street and several other buildings that have recently

neighborhoods like Mount Adams.

in the district. The reimagination of the third district also

green spaces woven throughout the built environment

involves expanding a daycare, adding public spaces and

will likely be drawn to visit this district as well.

connections

to

surrounding

Below: Pedestrian bridge to Mount Adams20

Left: Modern apartments in Cincinnati27

Left: District 3 reimagined7

Above: Existing luxury development in downtown20

Left: Expanded daycare28

Fig. 4.6.A: District 3 current conditions with assets7 Above: Alleways are well-connected in the district20

Left: Public, green spaces are a great addition to District 329

Fig. 4.6.B: Insert map of District 3 in downtown Cincinnati7

7

Fig. 4.6.C: 3-D modal of District 3 with proposed buildings7 7

Authors

20

Google Street Maps, accessed via Google Maps.

Authors

27

“Seven at Broadway Apartments - Cincinnati, OH.” Apartments.com, November 9, 2019. https://www.apartments.com/seven-at-broadway-cincinnati-oh/ddy6y4j/.

28

“Chrysalis Childcare Centre Developed Around Mature Trees in Auckland, New Zealand.” Freshome.com, April 17, 2015. https://freshome.com/chrysalis-childcare-centre-

developed-around-mature-trees-in-auckland-new-zealand/.

29

24

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“Landezine Newsletter.” Landezine. Accessed November 9, 2019. http://landezine.com/index.php/landscapes/landscape-architecture/realized-projects/campus/.

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4.7 URBAN UNDERPASS PARK The Urban Underpass Park is planned as a unique

2) Chicano Park – San Diego, California

walkable, social connector between District 3 and District

“Chicano Park is the geographic and emotional heart of

4. It is placed under the existing highway network on

Barrio Logan, located in Logan Heights, San Diego’s oldest

the east side of downtown. The vision for this space is to

Mexican-American neighborhood. The park is home to

activate what is currently a sea of dull, concrete parking

the largest concentration of Chicano murals in the world

into exciting arts, cultural, and recreational venues.

with more than 80 paintings on seven acres dotted with

Using permanent storytelling murals, food trucks, street

sculpture, gardens, picnic tables and playgrounds. […]

markets, and skateparks along a winding mixed mobility

Additionally, it’s the hub of an emerging arts district, with

path for walkers and riders, the underpasses will be

galleries, boutiques, brewpubs and craft coffee shops

dramatically transformed into an active urban park for

nearby.”31

34

Cincinnati residents, workers, and visitors to enjoy.

33

The vision for the Urban Underpass Park was inspired by several cities across the country already working to enhance their public spaces and the lost space under, or even on top of, overpasses. Examples of this forwardthinking ingenuity are being showcased in places like Ink Block in Boston, Chicano Park in San Diego, and the High Line in New York City. Below are excerpts from websites featuring information about a few of the precedent studies for Cincinnati’s Urban Underpass Park.

Fig. 4.7.B: ‘All the Way to the Bay’ mural31

Precedent Studies:

3) The High Line – New York, New York

1) Ink Block – Boston, Massachusetts

“The High Line is more than a park. It’s a public space

“Underground at Ink Block is the successful transformation

where you can view art, walk through gardens, experience

of an 8-acre underpass located between Boston’s South

a performance, savor delicious food, or just connect

End and South Boston neighborhoods into an active urban

with friends and neighbors- all while enjoying a unique

park, cultural attraction and parking amenity. […] Visitors

perspective of the city. Built on a historic, elevated

enjoy amenities such as world-class street art, a dog park,

freight line, the High Line has become a world-renowned

curated retail, fitness, food and beverage experiences as

inspiration

well as a bike storage facility [...].”30

infrastructure into hybrid public spaces.”32

for

how

cities

can

transform

35

30 30

industrial

N Fig. 4.7.D: Visualization of the Urban Underpass Park with insert map and images7 Fig. 4.7.A: Highway underpasses transformed into colorful murals at the Ink Block in Boston30

7

Fig. 4.7.C: A powerful example of how industrial infrastructure can be reimagined as public space32

7

Authors

Authors

30

“Underground at Ink Block.” Underground Ink Block. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://undergroundinkblock.com/about-2.

30

“Underground at Ink Block.” Underground Ink Block. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://undergroundinkblock.com/about-2.

31

“Chicano Park: National Landmark, Local Treasure.” National Landmark, Local San Diego Treasure. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://www.sandiego.org/articles/

33

“San Jose, Calif., Underpass Lighting.” Government Technology State & Local Articles. Accessed November 9, 2019. https://www.govtech.com/fs/San-Jose-Calif-Unveils-

parks-gardens/chicano-park.aspx.

Underpass-Lighting-That-Can-Sense-You.html.

32

34

“Overview.” The High Line. Accessed November 6, 2019. https://www.thehighline.org/about/.

Filloon, Whitney. “Lower Greenville Food Truck Park.” Eater Dallas, October 30, 2012. https://dallas.eater.com/2012/10/30/6528913/new-details-on-lower-greenville-

food-truck-park.

35

26

DAAP | SCHOOL OF PLANNING

Board Blazers. “Best Skateparks in the U.S.” Accessed November 9, 2019. https://boardblazers.com/blogs/all/95374086-best-skateparks-in-the-u-s.

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4.8 DISTRICT 4 Main Assets

Reimagined

The fourth and final district is in the southeast corner of

growing business presence of several engineering and

The fourth district is reimagined as a wonderful, thriving

be an innovative space for residents and local employees

downtown near Nothern Kentucky. This district carries the

architecture firms surrounding the raised 3rd Street

place for all types of people. From workers who need

to come together for personal and professional meetings,

underpass potential into the Purple People Bridge, which

connector and along Pete Rose Way. Nonetheless,

a good, quick place to grab a sandwich on a lunch

extra-curriculars, and public events. Local corporations

acts as a major asset and important pedestrian-friendly

pedestrians across the river still end up in a sea of parking

break, pedestrians who wish to enjoy a casual stroll in

would be considered as funding sources, and they

connection to Newport, Kentucky. As of right now, the

that is hardly inviting. It is also difficult for workers in

the city, art-lovers who want to experience the murals

would benefit from overflow meeting space and name

fourth district is seeing growth in refined, luxury condos

the area to find places to eat and enjoy on their breaks.

and museums, visitors who are interested in the food

recognition. For example, Cincinnati Bell could utilize

surrounding Lytle Park. Lytle Place tower anchors the

Other significant aspects of District 4 include public art

trucks and entertainment at the Urban Underpass Park,

this space as a free Wireless Internet access point and

southeastern corner with further residential development.

installations like the ‘City that Sings’ mural, art institutions

and active, fitness-minded individuals who care to hit

showcase their own innovations here as they develop

However, not too many residences lie along the periphery

such as the Taft Museum, and the multi-modal Columbia

the skatepark or recreational flex facility, District 4 has

new technologies.

of Sawyer Point overlooking the river. District 4 has a

Parkway bridge.

something for everyone.

The plaza and flex facility are key features that will act Below: Columbia Parkway bridge20

The initial plan is to activate the space at the foot of

as the anchors for synergistic street developments in

the Purple People Bridge with a public plaza and indoor

the district. Among these developments are high density

recreational flex facility. The flex facility is meant to be a

residential, office uses, and an active street level. The

unique public asset and multi-use space modeled in part

new features will enhance the walkability within District

on the flexibility of the Tangeman University Center (TUC)

4 as well as connectivity to Northern Kentucky. Overall,

at the University of Cincinnati. TUC offers meeting rooms

the vision for the fourth district is to attract people who

for groups to gather, event space for larger celebrations

want to experience the bustling, dynamic public life that

and services, and seating areas for people to meet and

the area has to offer.

enjoy one another’s company.38 District 4’s flex facility will Below: 3-D modal of District 4 with proposed buildings7

Above: Taft Museum of Art36

Fig. 4.8.A: District 4 current conditions with assets7

Above: Purple People Bridge37

Fig. 4.8.C: District 4 reimagined7 Right: Indoor flex

Fig. 4.8.B: Insert map of District 4 in downtown Cincinnati7

7

facility39 and public plaza40

7

Authors

Authors

20

Google Street Maps, accessed via Google Maps.

38

“Tangeman University Center.” University of Cincinnati. Accessed November 7, 2019. https://www.uc.edu/eventservices/venues/tangeman.html.

36

“Taft Museum of Art’s House Party.” CityBeat Cincinnati. Accessed November 9, 2019. https://www.citybeat.com/arts-culture/culture/blog/21081163/play-giant-yard-

39

“East Oakland Sports Center.” Accessed November 9, 2019. https://thearchitectureinsight.com/Architecture/east-oakland-sports-center-124-els-architecture-and-urban-

games-and-have-a-cocktail-during-the-taft-museum-of-arts-house-party.

design.

37

40

“Home.” The Purple People Bridge. Accessed November 9, 2019. http://purplepeoplebridge.com/.

28

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Ddc, Nyc. “This Year, We Worked with Our Partners to Complete Public Plaza Projects across New York City.” Twitter. Twitter, December 11, 2018. https://twitter.com/.

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4.9 25% PARKING REDUCTION Each of the four districts have a unique, budding character. They have key assets as well as development momentum. All the selected districts are located near the main throughways of Central Parkway, Central Avenue,

Fourth

Street,

and

Eggleston

Avenue. Their prime locations make them ideal sites for activating the fringes of downtown and improving both the internal and external connectivity in the city.

Through

an

asset-based

revitalization

approach, the intention is to build upon the already existing strengths of downtown Cincinnati. The plan first anchors each of the districts with the public development of green spaces and transportation systems along

the

vine.

Focused

parking

lot

adaptations into new, primarily residential uses are also accounted for from the start of the plan. The new developments will act as a ripple effect for private developers to invest in downtown and spark positive changes in the city. In the first phase of parking reduction by 25%, the focus is predominantly on the public realm with only a few central buildings added in the corners of Cincinnati’s downtown.

N

With the first phase focused on establishing the

micro-mobility

paths

and

green

infrastructure in downtown, trees, green spaces, living walls, and more will be added.

This strategy solidifies Cincinnati as a wellconnected, sustainable city, poised for the development boom that will take place in the second phase of the plan’s implementation and reduce parking by 50%.

Fig. 4.9.A: Map displaying downtown with 25% reduction of parking7

7

Authors

30

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4.10 50% PARKING REDUCTION During phase two of the parking reduction in downtown Cincinnati, the spaces around the newly developed anchors in the four districts will be redeveloped. These developments include

new

recreational

commercial

facilities,

and

amenities, even

more

residential uses. In order to reduce parking in downtown by 50%, there is the opportunity to develop additional micro-mobility paths in the form of activated alleyways that connect to the broader, downtown-wide urban trail.

Green infrastructure is also important in this phase as more trees, parks, and green roofs will be included to fill in any connectivity gaps. Proposed green spaces in Cincinnati offer a variety of different uses including public

gardens,

bio-swales,

and

urban

orchards. This maximizes the use of the city’s open spaces and improves the overall character of the Central Business District.

By the end of phase two, it will become evident what a powerful transformation that urban infill in the place of former parking lots has on the overall character of Cincinnati.

Filling in the missing development gaps and introducing new programming will help to reconnect and reactivate the city. The dramatic parking reduction in the second

N

phase

will

allow

Cincinnati

to

reverse

some of the previously experienced urban decay and decline and turn a new leaf in its development trajectory. Cincinnati will finally begin to experience the residential density and vibrance that made it such an influential city throughout the 19th century.

Fig. 4.10.A: Map displaying downtown with 50% reduction of parking7

7

Authors

32

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5.1 CONCLUSION Cincinnati was once a dense, thriving midwestern

The plan’s concept identifies four districts of focused

The fourth and final district, located in the southeast

and placemaking, and adding community spaces, a future

American city. However, the development of automobiles,

development

improved

corner of downtown, is maximizing the opportunity

beyond parking will be forged in the city of Cincinnati.

parking, and other technological advances dramatically

connectivity. The districts are situated in each corner

to enhance the connection to Northern Kentucky by

More concise ways of achieving the goal of connectivity

impacted the urban form. The changes experienced

of downtown and stretch towards its center. They each

activating the space at the foot of the Purple People

include multi-modal transit routes, vibrant alleyways,

over the last century have immensely contributed to the

possess their own unique urban character and offer a

Bridge with a public plaza and a one of a kind indoor

cohesive housing typology, and continuous building

disjointed city that is presently seen and experienced in

variety of uses to their residents, workers, and visitors.

recreational flex facility; these developments anchor a

character. In addition, green infrastructure and the

Cincinnati today.

The first district in the northwestern corner envisions the

street of mixed uses. These four districts along with the

arts will be leveraged to achieve the plan’s goal. These

development of new townhomes for families, a pocket

Urban Underpass Park proposed in between District 3 and

features include sustainable parking lots, green walls and

In order to revitalize the city and restore some of its

park for the casual viewer, and street level amenities to

4 will greatly strengthen the character and mobility of

roofs, gateway creation for landmarks, preservation of

previous vitality, connectivity is essential and should

meet the needs of locals. In the dense second district,

downtown and make effective reuse of Cincinnati’s many

existing public art and murals, community gardens, and

be at the forefront of future development plans. The

the new features will blend modern development with the

parking lots.

urban underpass parks. By employing the innovative and

concept for this plan prioritizes connectivity throughout

existing historic architecture, expand public spaces, and

Cincinnati’s Central Business District. A vine is the central

activate alleyways to become a more interesting space in

Reactivating the city from the outside inward will anchor

Central Business District will benefit from advanced

imagery to better connect downtown, both internally and

downtown. The third district, located in the northeastern

the core of downtown. Through improving infrastructure

mobility and better connectivity.

externally, to the surrounding neighborhoods as well

corner, will build upon the existing commercial and

and the urban fabric, using creative tools like technology

as Northern Kentucky. This vine will promote a strong,

residential strengths by adding modern apartments, wide

vibrant city and metropolitan area.

pedestrian walkways, and more public, green spaces.

to

Cohesive housing typology

Pedestrian, bicycle & transit routes Connecting to the regional systems

INFRASTRUCTURE Vibrant alleyways

URBAN FABRIC

reinforce

the

goal

of

comprehensive methods outlined in the plan, Cincinnati’s

Programming & activities

Strong building character

Food trucks

Sustainable parking lots

TECHNOLOGY

Reactivating the Fringes

COMMUNITY SPACES

Urban underpass parks

Green walls & roofs Community gardens, urban farms & dog parks

PLACEMAKING Preservation of existing public art & murals Gateway creation for landmarks

Creating avenues for new temporary & permanent murals

Fig. 5.1.A: The fringes of downtown can be reactivated through new infrastructure, community spaces, and more7

7

7

Authors

34

Fig. 5.1.B: New proposed developments will essentially fill in the missing gaps in downtown Cincinnati7

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Authors

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Sharing: An Urban Solution Phase 2

36

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Phase 2: Contents 0 INTRODUCTION 1 QUEEN’S LANDING 2 PHASE ZERO 3 PEOPLE TO PEOPLE 4 PEOPLE TO PLACES Above: Nighttime rendering of proposed site, Queen’s

5 PEOPLE TO TRANSIT

Landing

6 CONCLUSION

38

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0.1 INTRODUCTION 0.2 LONELINESS EPIDEMIC The introduction of the Ford Model-T in 1908 dramatically

loneliness has spread to epidemic levels across the globe,

Cigna, an American insurance company, conducted a

changed the urban fabric of American cities. It caused

especially in the United States. Robert Putnam’s book

national survey in 2018 in which they explored the impact

a dramatic cultural shift as the car came to exemplify

Bowling Alone describes this phenomenon as the decline

and underlining root causes of loneliness in the United

mental wellness, and life balance are factors that can

the virtues of independence and convenience. However,

of social capital which is leading to the collapse of the

States. Cigna found that:

predict loneliness.5

the reality of the personal car has been plagued with

American community.

congestion, disconnection, loneliness, and accidents

•

quality time with family.

•

Overall, levels of in-person interactions, physical and

2/5 Americans sometimes or always feel that their

Loneliness has been shown to affect both a person’s

relationships are not meaningful (43%) and that

mental and physical health. Loneliness can lead to

they are isolated from others (43%).

psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and

Only ½ of Americans (53%) have meaningful

schizophrenia. It can also lead to physical changes such

an individual’s risk of dying by 26% and that percentage

in-person social interactions, such as having an

as obesity or a predisposition to serious conditions such

increases to 32% if one lives alone.2

extended conversation with a friend or spending

as heart disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s.3

over the past century. According to the U.S. Census

The United States is the fifth loneliest country in the world,

Bureau, driving alone in a private vehicle is by far the

meaning it has one of the largest shares of people that

most common mode of transportation to work in the

live alone. Loneliness, or social isolation, can increase

United States and accounted for 76.4% of all commuters in 2014.1 Driving alone has dire social implications as

•

Fig. 0.2.B: Statistics about loneliness5

Left: The personal car has led to loneliness1

Left: Loneliness Epidemic3

Fig. 0.2.A: Putnam’s Bowling Alone4

1

Office of Energy & Renewable Energy. 2016. Fact #946: October 10, 2016 Driving Alone in a Private Vehicle is the Most Common Means of Transportation to Work. Wash-

ington DC, October 10.

2

3

Howe, Neil. “Millennials And The Loneliness Epidemic.”

5

Cigna. 2018. “Cigna 2018 U.S Loneliness Index.” Survey Results.

Brannan, Amy . 2019. “Top 10 Loneliest Countries in the Wolrd.” Immigroup. September 4. Accessed December 1, 2019. https://www.immigroup.com/news/top-10-lone-

liest-countries-world.

3

Howe, Neil. “Millennials And The Loneliness Epidemic.” Forbes. Forbes Magazine, May 3, 2019. https://www.forbes.com/sites/neilhowe/2019/05/03/millenni-

als-and-the-loneliness-epidemic/#6232101b7676.

4

“About the Book.” Bowling Alone. Accessed December 9, 2019. http://bowlingalone.com/.

40

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0.3 HISTORICAL RELEVANCE

Fig. 0.3.A: Bustling Cincinnati street-life in the early 1900s7

Cincinnati was historically a vibrant and economically

As

powerful city. With vast connectivity via streetcars, a

accommodation for privately owned vehicles became a

diverse crowd of pedestrians ruled the public realm

pressing issue for cities like Cincinnati. Parking lots carved

and activity populated every corner. A wide variety of

through cities from the inside out and left an increasingly

businesses dotted storefronts lining each street with a

disconnected landscape in their wake. In 1922, parking

continuous building façade drawing the eye further down

lots and parking garages made up 1% of the Cincinnati

each block. The densest city in America, Cincinnati was

Central Business District surface area. By 2018, that

once an urban center of incredible shared space and

percentage had increased to 26%. The Queen City’s

opportunity.

densely packed and vibrant blocks gradually faded out of

personal

automobile

ownership

boomed,

memory and removed the shared life from its urban form.

Left: Changes in parking fron 1922 to 20186

N 6

7

Authors

Shorpy Historical Picture Archive :: Frankenstein Jeweler: 1907 high-resolution photo. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.shorpy.com/node/20477?size=_origi-

nal#caption.

42

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1.2 CURRENT CONDITIONS The site is currently a rather barren area dominated

Way in Cincinnati with 3rd Street in Newport, Kentucky.

the middle of the development site and serves as a focal

by half a dozen massive parking lots and the US-50

According to the Purple People Bridge’s webpage, it is the

point for the proposed public plaza.

highway overpass. However, all this open space adds

“longest connector of its kind in the country that links

up to a great deal of potential with surrounding new

two states.” It has been one of the city’s premier venues

The various firms that border the site- Champlin

development showcasing the opportunities at hand. The

for large public events such as the annual Goettafest and

Architecture, Emersion DESIGN, Art Design Consutants,

site is conveniently located by the Ohio Riverfront and

Blink.

ORC International, and Anthem Worldwide- show a

8

budding design and architecture hub in the area. Across

is in the perfect spot to act as a gateway to the city of Cincinnati from both the east and the south. Queen’s

As part of a makeover for the Purple People Bridge, the

the street from the proposed Queen’s Landing site, a

Landing lies directly at the base of the Purple People

“City That Sings” mural was painting for the 2012 World

new 8-story residential development called the Artistry is

Bridge, a pedestrian and bike-only bridge that stretches

Choir Games which was hosted in Cincinnati. The colorful

currently under construction, thus adding to the growing

2,670 feet, about one-half of a mile, to connect Pete Rose

mural is along the side of an old bridge wall which sits in

artistic theme surrounding the site.

Above: The Artistry10

Fig. 1.2.A: The “ City That Sings” mural6

Left: Site location9

Right: Purple People Bridge Party8

Left: Base of pedestrian bridge6

Right: US-50 Underpass6

6

Authors

6

8

n.d. Meet the Purple People Bridge. Accessed December 8, 2019. http://purplepeoplebridge.com/meet-purple-people-bridge/.

10

9

Google Street Maps, accessed via Google Maps.

44

DAAP | SCHOOL OF PLANNING

Authors Milhaus. “Milhaus Announces Artistry Cincinnati: News.” Milhaus. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://milhaus.com/news/milhaus-announces-artistry-cincinnati/.

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1.3 DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT The development concept proposes a collaborative mix of

the visitor onto the terraces of the underpass and the

of each building facing the plaza is dedicated to retail and

passengers to become immediately immersed in the site.

uses densely packed into the 4-acre site. The primary focus

seasonal art installations found there. A stormwater

restaurant uses which draws visitors through the site for

There is also a transit hub near the proposed light rail to

of Queen’s Landing is its public space along Cincinnati’s

stream runs the length of the underpass finally leading

shopping, entertainment, and other unique experiences.

offer a variety of transportation options to the Queen’s

riverfront. The public space evolves throughout the site

to the urban skatepark at the northwest corner of the

Existing trees are preserved in the concept to act as an

Landing workers, residents, and visitors.

at several different levels. Immediately entering the site

Queen’s Landing site.

Urban Forest with a path connecting the residential area

from the Purple People Bridge, one finds themselves in an

to the urban skatepark and creating a natural buffer in

The final mixed-use commercial zone combines all

open plaza space spread out beneath the “City That Sings”

The built aspects of the concept include a residential

the area. Moving to the final building on the site, one

aspects of the site into one building with an active first

mural. This public plaza transitions along the side of the

sector in the southwestern corner of the site. The design

crosses over the purple bike lane which runs from north

floor, upper level office and incubator space, and top story

mural wall into a storage container village that houses

of this area allows for a bit of privacy for residents when

to south connecting the Purple People Bridge to Culvert

residential units. These diverse developments exemplify

small vendors and transient businesses. From there,

they desire. It also connects directly to the larger office

Street and the rest of downtown Cincinnati. Parallel to the

the shared, connected human experiences that are felt at

the space winds beneath a tall pergola which transitions

building looming behind slightly to the north. The first floor

bike lane runs a rideshare drop off lane that allows Uber

Queen’s Landing.

Fig. 1.3.A: Queen’s Landing Concept Map6

Fig. 1.3.B: View of site on a sunny afternoon6

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1.5 FUTURE OF SHARING

1.4 SITE PLAN Queen’s Landing includes new residential apartments,

greenspaces and tree plantings with the bike lane curving

a large basin fed by stormwater pipes from the road

Queen’s Landing addresses the social and physical

flexible commercial and office spaces, an active public

along its edge. A more rigid line of trees denotes the Uber

above. The water feature is meant to be lined with LED

implications of a car-centric landscape with a focus on

plaza, an urban underpass park, seasonal artist spaces,

ride sharing lane spanning parallel to the bike lane. The

lighting to add a useful glow to the dim underpass so it

providing solutions to overcome social isolation. The

and a multi-modal transportation corridor. The site

colored pattern continues into the underpass and up to

can operate at different times of the day and night. As

vision for the site is to maximize connectivity and social

plan showcases how colored paving guides wayfinding

the skatepark to smoothly lead visitors throughout the

the stream weaves down the site, it oscillates in size to

interactions between people. Queen’s Landing provides

throughout the site. The initial plaza at the southern

site from either end.

allow for crossings and variations in form. Eventually the

residents, workers, and visitors with more choices in their

stream runs through the outdoor dining area of the north

living, working, and playing environments. It furthermore

color design inspired by the existing “City That Sings”

The wall of the mural is activated by a waterfall which

building’s restaurant, providing soothing ambient sound

emphasizes dynamic opportunities to engage in a shared

mural. From there, the colors of the plaza are drawn into a

marks the end of a looping stream and mirrors the design

before spilling over the wall.

experience with others in the community. Queen’s Landing

looping pathway that contrasts with the stark edges of the

of the site’s colored walkways. The stream begins at the

will pave the way towards a future of sharing that entails

built structures. This looping pattern creates pockets for

site’s highest elevation point under the overpass with

connecting people to people, people to places, and people

entrance to the site is activated with a vibrant geometric

to transit.

Fig. 1.4.A: Overview of Site Plan6

Fig. 1.5.A: Future of Sharing Diagram6

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Right: Queen’s Landing6

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1.4 SITE PLAN

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2.1 PHASE ZERO 2.4 ONLINE ENGAGEMENT

2.2 GETTING STARTED

2.3 SCAFFOLDING

An important aspect of the Queen’s Landing proposal

When one arrives from the Purple People Bridge to the

is that the entire process is meant to be built out of

Queen’s Landing site, they are presently met by an

community engagement. This relies on a strong phase

intrusive wall that encloses a large parking lot. This wall

zero that brings stakeholders to the site from the outset.

and the exclusiveness that it embodies does not align with

Phase zero refers to the first steps taken within the

the open, welcoming atmosphere that is ultimately settled

site immediately after its acquisition. It is meant to be

upon for development. However, rather than immediately

relatively low-cost and focused around activation of the

making the upfront investment to demolish the wall

site prior to structural developments. This phase is the

and open the site, phase zero transforms this wall into

most reproducible aspect of the proposal and can act as

a portal for viewing the future and fostering community

a precedent for implementation of any future parking lot

engagement. At this specific juncture, scaffolding is

redevelopments to create a site guided by public input.

erected to create a larger surface for hanging a poster

that contains a rendering of the future development.

Information along the bottom of the poster will encourage

It depicts the site from the very spot where the viewer

the onlooker to scan a QR Code to find the development’s

stands in order to make the experience as accessible to

website: www.cincyqueenslanding.com. The website is

the public as possible. Long before the ground is broken

crucial for sharing details about future development plans

for development, this scaffolding ignites the imagination

and upcoming events activating the site. It also serves to

of passerby to think about and envision a vastly different

gather feedback from the public in the form of surveys

future in their urban environment.

and open-ended response forms. This allows users to immediately become immersed in the possibilities of the site, share their own input, and influence the final design.

Fig. 2.3.A: Scaffolding with poster6

Fig. 2.4.A: Online Engagement Diagram6

Below: QR Code

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2.5 CALL FOR ARTISTS

2.6 BLOCK PARTIES

Another aspect of phase zero that would be showcased on

periods, plying their craft and even selling pieces out of

Working hand and hand with the artist residencies, the

activities known as “Uber Events” in which users can take

the website is a ‘Call for Artists’ to work on the site. The

their studios. With each season, artists will bring new,

best way to bring large groups of people to the previously

advantage of free or reduced fare rides to event sites.

goal is to involve a diverse representation of artists who

evolving entertainment to the site. They will have an

inactive parking lots is hosting events or block parties.

This gets Cincinnatians used to accessing ridesharing to

are interested in activating Queen’s Landing with their

important role in bringing the creative vision of Queen’s

Block parties are a cost-effective way to activate Queen’s

Queen’s Landing and the activities that will fill the site

own creations. Selected artists will be given a shipping

Landing to life for the community.

Landing as they only require some form of entertainment

following development completion. These events will be

and refreshments to get off the ground. The site itself

planned around the opening of different art exhibitions

container on site for use as a temporary studio.

does not need to be changed at all before the first

in order to showcase the ever-evolving landscape of

Projects could include freestanding sculptures, art along

block party takes place, but parties can even happen in

the development site. The block parties will also allow

the surfaces of the underpass and its pillars as well as 2-D

different areas of the site as construction progresses. In

visitors the opportunity to interact with the artists and

and 3-D murals on the shipping containers themselves.

this proposal, block parties are sponsored in partnership

enjoy the ambiance at Queen’s Landing.

The idea is that artists work on the site in 4-month

Below: Boston’s Underground at Ink Block artists11

11

with Uber. Uber has experience curating a selection of

Fig. 2.6.A: Uber Block Parties

“Gallery.” Underground Ink Block. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://undergroundinkblock.com/gallery.

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2.7 TECHNOLOGY involved public participation from start to finish.

While the block parties are a great way to activate the site

At the block party events, these headsets can be

and familiarize visitors with the area of Queen’s Landing

entertaining, innovative ways to discuss current plans

in general, they also pose a wonderful opportunity for

and help attendees really visualize the change that

The culmination of this technology with block parties,

gathering feedback and data from those in attendance.

is coming for the site. From there, people will be able

art installations, community charrettes, and online

This is where technology can play a key role in the phase

to give immediate feedback regarding elements of the

engagement creates an intricate public opinion process

zero process. Modern virtual and augmented reality

site that are or are not favorable in their opinions. For

that embodies the shared spirit of Queen’s Landing. Phase

headsets allow users to see a site transformed before

example, potential responses from visitors may include:

zero overall is a helpful step in development plans to get

their eyes: “Untethered, [with Microsoft HoloLens] you

“This building looks great” or “That does not fit this area

people engaged from the start and propel the process

have the ability to walk around a 3D hologram of your

at all.” Enriching technology such as these headsets is

towards a successful and meaningful outcome.

building.”13

another mechanism of community engagement that allows Queen’s Landing to be born out of even more

Fig. 2.7.A: AR Technology12

12

Fig. 2.7.B: AR Technology12

Highfield, Vaughn. “Microsoft HoloLens: Everything You’ll Ever Need to Know about Microsoft’s AR Device.” Expert Reviews. Expert Reviews, March 1, 2018. https://www.

12

Highfield, Vaughn. “Microsoft HoloLens.”

expertreviews.co.uk/microsoft/1406817/microsoft-hololens-release-date.

13

“Virtual Reality & Renderings.” American Buildings. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.americanbuildings.com/capabilities/virtual-reality-renderings/.

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3.1 PEOPLE TO PEOPLE 3.2 SHARING EXPERIENCES Beginning with phase zero and continuing into the

will strengthen the entire community.

Queen’s Landing is an example of how creative, versatile

plan’s final design and implementation, community

mixed-use development can foster a healthy, whole

engagement and shared experiences are at the heart of

At Queen’s Landing, people have many different chances

community. The people to people component of Queen’s

Queen’s Landing. To combat the epidemic of loneliness

to

Landing is really what will propel the development

that has resulted from Americans independent lifestyles

workers, or visitors. The apartment options are closely

and dependence on personal automobiles, the idea is to

situated near the public plaza, and the co-living units are

reinfuse a sense of community back into the day-to-day

a unique aspect of the site that allows people to share

interactions of people. Through shared public spaces,

their living space even more if they desire. The proximity

co-living, and co-working, Queen’s Landing will create

to commercial businesses and offices and the design

opportunities for people to frequently connect and build

of the shared working spaces themselves furthermore

positive relationships with one another. These connections

promotes connectivity and sharing on the site.

share

experiences

whether

they

are

residents,

towards short and long-term success.

Fig. 3.2.A: People to People14

14

Fig. 3.2.B: Verticle zoning and massing of the site6

“Flexible Benefits.” How to Help Employees Thrive in the New Work-Life World. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.flexiblebenefit.com/blog/how-help-employees-

6

Authors

thrive-new-work-life-world.

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4.1 PEOPLE TO PLACES 4.2 UNDERPASS PARK

Fig. 4.2.B: Underpass Food Trucks6

The Underpass Park transforms a previously underutilized,

work here. Diverse kinds of artworks include ephemeral

parking-oriented area in Cincinnati into an active public

installations, more permanent pieces, and opening and

space. The underpass zone incorporates a modern

closing receptions for each season of artists. After the

urban skatepark, something that is currently missing

site completion, the underpass will offer an ever-evolving

in downtown Cincinnati but has been implemented

landscape with studios and art pieces moving around

across the river with the Bellevue Skatepark Under the

to accommodate visions of new groups. This space also

Bridge. The remainder of the park design builds upon

includes food trucks and other temporary vendors during

the precedent of Boston’s Underground at Ink Block,

special events as well as a stormwater stream flowing

discussed in the first phase. Art stretches throughout the

the length of the underpass. The underpass park is a

underpass from end to end. Artists working out of their

well-programmed, can’t-miss feature that is meant to

studio shipping containers can display or even sell their

constantly draw new, and retain old, visitors.

Fig. 4.2.A: Plan for underpass park

Fig. 4.2.C: Underpass Skatepark6

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4.3 PUBLIC PLAZA The public plaza is central to Queen’s Landing. It is an

accommodates all walks of life is essential to creating a

important development that helps to propel the overall

welcoming gateway and well-connected community.

site into a future of sharing. The present-day decline of the public realm is prevalent in many cities and is evident

The southern entrance of the public plaza from the

in the rising trends of social exclusion. The decline of the

Purple People Bridge is denoted by pavement painted

public realm has drawn a rift between Americans thus

in a complex geometric design. This open area is highly

fueling internal distrust among them. According to Joe

flexible and suitable for different activities like concerts

Cortright, a contributor to City Observatory, “[People]

and festivals. The platform above the “City That Sings”

have fewer interactions, so we have lower levels of

mural is a public-private intersection that provides a more

trust and less willingness to invest in the public realm

intimate setting with a restaurant spilling out into part of

that supports it.”15 Developing a robust public plaza that

this space and benches allowing people to sit around the

water feature outside of the dining area.

railings to maintain a safe environment. From the ground floor this courtyard is oriented to draw in passerby and

People can access the platform via large terraced

create a unique pocket of activity among the larger plaza

staircases at either side or through the restaurant

space.

located in the building behind the platform. The platform overlooks the plaza and provides views of the riverfront.

Lastly, the pergolas located above the platform and by

Attached to the platform is the one- and two-story

the underpass serve as a transitional space between

shipping container village that contains small local shops

the open plaza and the underpass park. This creates a

and bars. The orientation of the shipping containers

more gradual and harmonious change throughout the

forms a courtyard-like space. There is second floor access

landscape and adds to the terraced design that typifies

to the shipping container shops from the platform with

much of the built structures.

Fig. 4.3.A: Public plaza site plan

Fig. 4.3.B: Public plaza with stage, shipping containers, and more6

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15

Kraft, Katherine, and Skykes Kathy. 2019. “Taking Playtime into the streets- An antidote to Social Isolation.” Aging Today, March.

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Rayburn, Maureen. “Free Water Fun: Splash Pads and Sprinklers at Philly Area Parks: Mommy Poppins - Things to Do with Kids.” MommyPoppins, May 12, 2019. https://

Authors

mommypoppins.com/philadelphia-kids/outdoors/free-water-fun-splash-pads-and-sprinklers-at-philly-area-parks.

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4.5 COMMERCIAL/OFFICE

4.4 RESIDENTIAL The main residential styles at Queen’s Landing include

accomodations for couples, young professionals, or even

The workplace is evolving into a more fluid environment

offices for large businesses or corporations, Queen’s

family-living, studio apartments, and co-living. The

retirees. The co-living units offer a cheaper option that

as coworking spaces and incubator cells have gained

Landing will offer work spaces to support small businesses,

southwestern corner of the site features the family and

encourage shared experiences in a residential setting.

prominence. The Small Business Labs predict that

entrepreneurs, and non-profits. Individuals can rent a

studio options in residential towers joined by a rooftop

According to San Francisco-based rental platform Zumper,

3.8 million professionals across the globe will utilize a

desk, an office space, or a small event space. Queen’s

pedestrian bridge. The upper levels of the mixed-use

about 66% of renters are in a co-living situation, whether

coworking space in 2020.

These spaces offer a variety

Landing will prioritize accessibility and affordability in its

building along the east side of the site support co-

it’s with roommates, significant others, or parents. This

of shared services and working environments to fit the

work environment by following the example of the Coven

living units. The different living choices allow for shared

is a trend that has also appealed to renters outside of the

needs of the workforce such as focused teamwork,

in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Part of the Coven’s mission is

experiences among all demographics of people. The

millennial age-group who have recently gone through a

brainstorming sessions, networking, cross-collaboration,

“to create a more just and equitable community in the

family-style residences are the typical space that one

divorce or a loss and are looking to downsize or meet new

individual work, and interviews. In Cincinnati, there is a

Twin Cities.”19 Examples of equitable practices include

would imagine for a small family who wants to live in

people. “Then there’s also the aspect of the community,

diverse and growing entrepreneur community in need of

allowing certain community groups to utilize facilities at

an urban setting. The studio are intended to be nicer

which attracts some empty-nesters like a woman named

more shared working spaces.

discounted rates or for free on certain days.

17

18

In addition to traditional

Deneece...who experienced loneliness after her son left

Fig. 4.4.A: Examples of different residential spaces

the house.”16 These units are more thoughtfully designed

Fig. 4.5.A: Queen’s Landing offers unique coworking spaces

to accommodate a different style of living. Co-living units typically come with fully furnished communal living rooms and kitchens as well as Wi-Fi, gyms, and special entertainment rooms like a theatre which all contribute to the community feel of this residential style.

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Settembre, Jeanette. “Co-Living Real Estate Trend Has Renters Saving Thousands.” Fox Business. Fox Business, November 13, 2019. https://www.foxbusiness.com/

17

Gabrielson, Courtney. 2019. A Comprehensive Guide to Cincinnati’s Coworking Spaces. September 24. Accessed December 5, 2019. https://www.americaninno.com/

real-estate/co-living-real-estate-trend-has-renters-saving-thousands.

cincy/guides-cincy/a-comprehensive-guide-to-cincinnatis-coworking-spaces/.

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J Guimond, Pierpont. “Family Apartment Living.” Nice Apartement, September 16, 2012. http://apartment.thecolfaxproject.com/family-apartment-living.

18

Ramos, Steve. 2016. “Are Coworking spaces Cincy’s missing ingredient?” WCPO, February 26.

22

“Studio Apartment Layout Ideas: Two Ways to Arrange a Square Studio.” Pinterest. Accessed December 5, 2019. https://br.pinterest.com/

19

n.d. The Coven. Accessed December 5, 2019. https://thecoven.com/about-the-coven.

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“Flipping Homes For Co-Living Residences.” Stonebridge, January 12, 2018. https://www.stone-bridge.com/flipping-homes-for-co-living-residences/.

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“Novel Coworking.” M A. Accessed December 5, 2019. http://www.ma-architects.com/portfolio/novel-coworking.

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Lindle, Stuart, and Amanda Boyd Walters. “Three Coworking Spaces to Help You Feel Less Remote.” Cincinnati Magazine, August 23, 2019. https://www.cincinnatimaga-

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zine.com/article/three-coworking-spaces-to-help-you-feel-less-remote/.

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4.7 GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

4.6 RETAIL more pedestrians through the site on a daily basis. Retail

The inclusion of green infrastructure was a guiding

pergola system that stretches over the stage leading to

one will find storefront retail uses. These contain space

uses also occur in the shipping containers; however,

principle for the entire site. As mentioned prior, the

the underpass also acts as a trellis for plants to grow to

for smalls shops, restaurants, cafes, and experiential

these spaces are more transient in nature like pop-up

stormwater stream utilizes phytorid plantings to filter

the upper levels of the site. From there, several green

services such as yoga studios. Given the site’s lengthier

shops. Since Queen’s Landing encourages multi-modal

this water as it moves throughout the site. The stream

roofs and rooftop gardens span the built space of the site,

distance from the newly constructed downtown Kroger,

transportation options, a bike shop is one idea for a pop-

starts at the underpass park and continues to the

instilling feelings of community and closeness to nature

it will be necessary to include a small market on-site

up shop in a shipping container. The location near the

public plaza to form a stunning and environmentally

despite the urban location. Finally, the site plan made a

for daily shopping and grocery needs. This is imagined

open area of the plaza might make for a wonderful bar

friendly design. As the waterfall pours into the plaza it

point of preserving the tree stand in the West of the site,

as a convenience store with basic groceries and some

to service events or busy days. Finally, on the stage in

is stored in a subsurface retention basin to be tapped

transitioning this space to a more urban forest with the

fresh produce, comparable to the local chain of United

the public plaza, there is a restaurant spill out location

for watering of the site landscaping. The plaza itself is

proximate new construction.

Dairy Farmers. This use will support the entire residential

with tables and chairs for customers to sit and enjoy their

populated with several pockets of permeable greenspace

corridor growing outside of the site as well and draw

meals.

as well as numerous trees. Rising above the plaza, the

On the first floor of all buildings adjacent to the plaza,

Fig. 4.6.A: Retail uses in the public plaza6

Fig. 4.7.A: Queen’s Landing has many green features throughout the entire site

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Testado, Justine. “‘Sunlight Was Weaponized’: How Shade Has Been an Index of Inequality in LA’s Urban Design.” Archinect, April 24, 2019. https://archinect.com/news/

article/150133249/sunlight-was-weaponized-how-shade-has-been-an-index-of-inequality-in-la-s-urban-design.

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G., Anton. “Vegetative Roof Systems 101 - Sustainable Solution for Tomorrow`s Cities.” Architecture Lab, January 16, 2018. https://www.architecturelab.net/vegeta-

tive-roof-systems/.

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4.8 RELATED AMENITIES The neighborhood directly surrounding Queen’s Landing

on the other side of that. Visitors to the Queen’s Landing

Finally, outlined in purple in Fig. 4.8.A to the left, the

has several amenities that add to the overall attractiveness

site are within 10 minutes walking of Great American

existing parking garage directly adjacent to the northeast

of the site and its development. Often mentioned as one

Ballpark and the Banks development from there.

of Queen’s Landing may be renovated with spots to be

of the primary reasons for the site, Queen’s Landing is

leased for those who still need access to a vehicle in this

located at the foot of the Purple People Bridge, offering

Moving the other way, through the underpass park,

a convenient connection to Northern Kentucky. A stones

one arrives at the Taft Museum of Art within only a

throw to the west lies downtown Cincinnati’s largest

few minutes. This proximity will allow collaboration

condo complex, One Lytle Place, contributing residential

with the sites outdoor art installations. The corporate

density to support the diverse uses of the site. The site

headquarters of P&G lie beyond that and may supply

Right:

is also directly across from Sawyer Point Park, a festival

corporate assistance to Queen’s Landing’s incubator cells.

One Lytle

venue throughout the summer with the riverfront lying

The nearby Taft Theater offers live performance events.

ridesharing friendly future.

Place Condos28

Fig. 4.8.A: Retail uses in the public plaza6

Left: Great American Ballpark30

Right: Taft Theatre29

Left: Sawyer Point Park32

Right: Taft Museum

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“One Lytle Place Apartments - Cincinnati, OH.” Apartments.com, December 9, 2019. https://www.apartments.com/one-lytle-place-cincinnati-oh/xwr282n/.

29

“Whose Live Anyway?” Taft Theatre. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://tafttheatre.org/.

30

“Great American Ball Park.” MLB.com. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.mlb.com/reds/ballpark.

31

“Fine Art Museum in Cincinnati.” Taft Museum of Art, October 16, 2019. https://taftmuseum.org/.

32

“Sawyer Point Park & Yeatman’s Cove.” Cincinnati Parks. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.cincinnatiparks.com/river-parks/sawyer-point-park-yeatmans-cove/.

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5.1 PEOPLE TO TRANSIT 5.3 RIDESHARE

5.2 MULTI-MOBILITY STRATEGY A well-connected multi-modal transportation corridor

These diverse forms of transportation can promote social

Ridesharing

the

allows riders to immediately step out of their vehicle into

is

personal

interactions among people. Research shows that even

modern-day transportation network due its convenience

the activity of Queen’s Landing without drop-offs being

automobiles in cities like Cincinnati. This multi-modal

minimum social interactions with strangers can have a

and flexibility. However, a lack of adequate planning

hidden around the corner or behind a building off site.

corridor prioritizes alternative modes of transportation

positive impact. Although public transit is considered a

and accommodation has caused ridesharing to have

Branded Uber rideshare signage is additionally included

by providing dedicated lanes for light rail and buses,

social mode of transport, it currently does not encourage

unintended consequences concerning traffic congestion

in the site plan to make the amenities clear to the public

rideshare, and biking. The multi-modal corridor is based

face-to face interactions. A survey of 1,703 train and bus

and pedestrian safety. A dedicated travel and drop off

and highlight the transportation partnership with Uber.

on the existing Tri-state trail bike paths, the proposed

passengers found that 50% of passengers intentionally

lane on Queen’s Landing addresses this concern as it

Oasis Line, and the proposed Bus Rapid Transit system

isolate themselves by reading or listening to music

removes obstructions in the travel way. The rideshare

from Phase 1 of the report. Below is a map depicting

which discourages conversations. An important aspect of

lane is placed in the middle of the Queen’s Landing site,

Queen’s Landing proximation to these different modal

Queen’s Landing is to intentionally design public transit to

next to the purple bike lane, to ensure a more accessible,

routes.

prioritize the interpersonal needs of passengers.

convenient, and safe experience for rideshare users. This

essential

to

reducing

the

reliance

on

Fig. 5.2.A: Regional Transit Perspective6

6

increasingly

become

part

of

Fig. 5.3.A: Site Transit Plan6

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5.4 LIGHT RAIL

5.5 BIKING

The light rail is part of the proposed Oasis Line that would

with current metro busses that are lacking entrances

The two-lane bike lane on Queen’s Landing extends the

extend from the Riverfront Transit Center to Milford, Ohio.

on either side of the vehicle. This system will allow

bike path from Culvert Street’s Ciclovia- created in the

Placing a transit station in front of Queen’s Landing will

commuters to travel from the Queen’s Landing site to

previous phase of the plan- and connects to the Purple

enhance the site as a walkable, mixed-use community

the Banks within a couple minutes or out to the eastern

People Bridge. The bike lane encourages both recreational

and act as a catalyst for business development. This

suburbs in greatly reduced time compared to personal

use and everyday travel. The bike lane itself is painted a

would be the rail’s first stop upon entering Cincinnati,

automobiles.

purple color to match the branding of Queen’s Landing

solidifying it as the Eastern gateway to the city. The light

and complement the existing pedestrian-friendly Purple

rail lanes would also serve for bus rapid transit which

People Bridge. All in all, this maintains a visual connection

will be able to function at shorter intervals than the

throughout the gateway site to easily guide people to

train itself. The Queen’s Landing station is designed with

where they want to go in the space.

platforms at either side to accommodate this shared use

Fig. 5.4.A: Light Rail Transit Station6

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Fig. 5.5.A: Different views of transit at Queen’s Landing6

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6.1 CONCLUSION 6.2 A CASE STUDY

6.3 UBER’S ROLE

If implemented as intended, the Queen’s Landing site

may be used as a blueprint for development of any other

Uber plays a critical role in the development and

This design will seamlessly accommodate drivers and

can serve as a case study for additional developments

open site hoping to maximize public input. Queen’s

implementation of Queen’s Landing. As Uber’s business

riders as they move on and off the site. In addition, Uber

in cities around the world that are facing similar social

Landing is people-centric, so it prioritizes the connections

model continues to evolve, they have committed to

shows up in phase zero of Queen’s Landing as they host

crises related to loneliness and disconnection. Queen’s

between residents, workers, and visitors throughout

supporting communities and “being true partners to

the block parties for the public. In the future, municipal

Landing is a unique development that considers multi-

the design. The site promotes improved connectivity

cities for the long term.” These partnerships are mutually

partnerships may allow users to survey their diverse

dimensional aspects of the site from the physical to the

through a diversity of transportation options. Many of the

beneficial as Uber offers a valuable public service. First and

transportation options from Queen’s Landing via the Uber

social to the ecological.

proposed features, such as the shipping containers and

foremost, Uber is known to the public for its ridesharing

app, and purchase public transit tickets therein if it is the

art installations, are ephemeral in nature. The mixture of

services that create jobs for everyday drivers and provide

preferred choice. This ease of access and choice should

The core of the plan revolves around community

transient and permanent elements contributes to one-

flexible transit at a competitive cost to riders. Based on

be typical of future urban living. By taking an active role

participation and creation of opportunities for shared

oexperiences that are relatable to the community at

this, a dedicated Uber ridesharing lane and drop-off zone

in public programming and diversifying their business

experiences. Phase zero, which began this shared mission,

large.

is embedded in the site concept for Queen’s Landing.

prospects, there will be benefits for Uber as a company, the city of Cincinnati, and the public alike.

Fig. 6.2.A: Project Highlights6

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Fig. 6.3.A: Uber at Queen’s Landing

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Thank you for reviewing our reports! We look forward to hearing from you.

-Team POP

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