1 cover (15 files merged) (2 files merged)

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONOURS) IN ARCHITECTURE ARC 60305 METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION AND MEASURED DRAWINGS NO. 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126 & 128, JALAN SULTAN ISKANDAR, 30000 IPOH, PERAK, MALAYSIA MARCH 2016

DECLARATION

The report is submitted or the subject ARC 60305/ ARC 2323/ ARC 1215 Methods of Documentation and Measured Drawings to School of Architecture, Building & Design of Taylor’s University to obtain 5 credits for Praticulum 1.

Name of Building Address Tutor A group effort by

: Rainbow Shoplot : No. 116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126 & 128, Jalan Sultan Iskandar, 30000 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia : Ms Siti Balkish ; Ms Zahra Namavar :

1. Kelvin Fong Jia Zheng 2. Adibah Bahiah Binti Awang 3. Nor Syarianna binti Khairul Azhar 4. Canisius Bong Wei Pheng 5. Evelin Devina 6. Fatemehal Sadat Fattah Hosseini 7. Goh Yen Nee

0317166 0316318 0318236 0318914 0322176 0318452 0315551

8. Khor Yen Min

0318149

9. Kimberly Wong Jin Siew

0315145

10. Low En Huey 11. Ooi Chien Sheng 12. Ooi Kai Yang 13. Sonia Mancxia a/p Balaguru 14. Tan Hsuan Lin 15. Tan Sheau Hui 16. Tang Wei Xin 17. Tay Jit Ying 18. Wong Kai Chang Acknowledgement :

0317889 0320552 0315663 0317751 0318975 0319235 0322731 03190022 0323341

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i

Acknowledgement

!

We would like to take this opportunity to thank and show our gratitude to the lecturers as well as the owner and tenants of the Ipoh Rainbow Shop house who have helped us throughout the whole research of this documentation. 
 
 Firstly, we would like to thank Ms.Siti Balkish and Ms. Shirin for guiding us from the start till the end of the project.

Secondly, we would like to thank Ms. Lee Yoke Chee , the owner of Ipoh Rainbow Shophouses and Mr. Lim Dong Yuen, Mr. Aiman and Mr. Adriz and lastly Mr. Lim Kok Kim, tenants of the Ipoh Rainbow Shophouses, who were willing to lend us a total of five days to measure the shophouses and took out valuable time to accept our interviews.

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ii

Abstract

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The seven rainbow shophouses have been classified as one of the Ipoh Heritage Shop house which is located along along Jalan Sultan Iskandar Shah, New Town, Ipoh. It was built in the 1930s by the British authorities as one of the earliest expansion project in Ipoh New Town. It was later bought by a wealthy Chinese tin miner, Feng Xiang and he then rented the shop houses out to local traders. In 2012, local heritage enthusiast, Mr. Lim Chai Hock and his family bought the seven existing shop house and repainted and refurbished them in the colourful seven rainbow colours.

In a total 18 people, we conducted research, measured and documented the related data and details on the shophouses and then compiled them into a set of measured drawings, report, video, photo book and a physical model.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

iv

TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

ABSTRACT

iii

TABLE OF CONTENT

iv - xi

LIST OF FIGURES

xii - xxviii

LIST OF TABLES

xxix

CHAPTER 1 - AIM & OBJECTIVES

1

1.1

AIM & OBJECTIVES

2

1.2

LEARNING OUTCOMES

3

1.3

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

4

1.4

LIMITATION

5

CHAPTER 2 - METHODOLOGY

6

2.1

GANTT CHART

7

2.2

JOB DISTRIBUTION

8 IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

v 2.3

2.4

2.5

WORKING PROCESS

9

2.3.1 MEASUREMENTS

10

2.3.2 DRAFTING

11

2.3.3 INTERVIEWS

12

2.3.4 PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY

13

RESEARCHING TECHNIQUES

14

2.4.1 INTERNET RESOURCES

14

2.4.2 INTERVIEWS

14

2.4.3 LOCAL ARCHIVES

14

EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTS USED

15

2.5.1 DIGITAL MEASURING LASER

16

2.5.2 METRE LINEN TAPE

16

2.5.3 MEASURING TAPE

17

2.5.4 FOLDABLE LADDER

17

2.5.5 METAL WIRE

18

2.5.6 SURGICAL MASK

18

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

vi CHAPTER 3 - INTRODUCTION OF IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES

19 - 21

3.1

RED HOUSE

22 - 23

3.2

ORANGE HOUSE

24 - 25

3.3

YELLOW HOUSE

26 - 27

3.4

GREEN HOUSE

28 - 29

3.5

BLUE HOUSE

30 - 31

3.6

INDIGO HOUSE

32 - 33

3.7

PURPLE HOUSE

34 - 35

CHAPTER 4 - BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SITE

36

4.1

HISTORY OF IPOH

37 - 39

4.2

HISTORY OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN

40 - 41

4.3

ANALYSIS OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN

42 - 44

4.4

SITE PLAN

45

4.5

SITE ANALYSIS

46

4.6

GENIUS LOCI OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN

47

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

vii CHAPTER 5 - HISTORY AND COMPONENTS OF SHOP HOUSES

48

5.1

INTRODUCTION OF SHOP HOUSES

49 - 51

5.2

HISTORY OF SHOP HOUSES

52 - 53

5.3

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

54 - 55

5.3.1 FIVE-FOOT WAY

56

5.3.2 TIMBER FLOOR BEAMS

57

5.3.3 PARTY WALLS

58

5.3.4 ROOF

59

5.4

EVOLUTION OF SHOP HOUSES

60

5.5

EVOLUTION OF SHOP HOUSES IN IPOH

CHAPTER 6 - SPATIAL LAYOUT 6.1

6.2

DESIGN CONCEPT

61 - 63

64 - 65 66

6.1.1 CONCEPT AND LAYOUT (INDIVIDUAL SHOP HOUSE)

67 - 68

6.1.2 CONCEPT AND LAYOUT (SHOP HOUSES AS A UNIT)

69 - 70

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION

71

6.2.1 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION

71

6.2.2 SPATIAL HIERARCHY

71 IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

viii 6.3

SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP

72

6.4

BOUNDARY

73

6.5

ELEMENTS OF THE WALL

74 - 75

6.6

SPATIAL EXPERIENCES

76 - 83

6.7

VISUAL EXPERIENCES

84

CHAPTER 7 - ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

85

7.1

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL STYLE AND ELEMENT

86

7.2

ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES

87 - 88

7.3

ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

89 - 91

7.4

ELEMENTS

92

7.4.1 COLUMNS

92

7.4.2 EXTERIOR COLUMNS WITH RELIEF WRITING

93

7.4.3 BALCONY

94

7.4.4 COLUMN FINIAL

95

7.4.5 PILASTER, WINDOWS AND ARCHES

96

7.4.6 TIMBER LOUVERED SHUTTERED WINDOWS

97

7.4.7 DECORATED FASCIA ROOF TRIM

98 IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

ix 7.4.8 CHINESE STYLED AIR VENTS

101

7.4.9 JACK ROOF

101

CHAPTER 8 - MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

102

8.1

MATERIALITY AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD

103

8.2

TYPES OF MATERIAL USED

104

8.2.1 TIMBER

8.3

104 - 105

8.2.2 CLAY BRICK

106

8.2.3 TERRACOTTA CLAY TILES

107

8.2.4 CERAMIC TILES

108

8.2.5 LIME PLASTER

109

8.2.6 CONCRETE

110

8.2.7 MILD STEEL

111

CONSTRUCTION METHOD

112

8.3.1 ROOF CONSTRUCTION - PITCHED ROOF

113 - 114

8.3.2 FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION - SPREAD FOOTING CONSTRUCTION

115

8.3.3. MASONRY WALL CONSTRUCTION - ENGLISH BOND METHOD

116

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

x CHAPTER 9 - DEFECTS AND DILAPIDATION

117

9.1

DEFECTS AND PROBLEMS

118

9.2

TYPES OF DEFECTS

119

9.2.1 CONCRETE SPALLING

119

9.2.2 CONCRETE WALL CRACKING

120

9.2.3 DRY ROT

121

9.2.4 FLOOR SLAB CRACKING

122

9.2.5 CORROSION ON METAL FRAME

123

9.2.6 MOULDING

124

9.2.7 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (BIRD DROPPINGS)

125

9.2.8 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (PARASITIC PLANT GROWTH)

126

9.2.9 DEGRADING OF PAINT

127

CHAPTER 10 - CONCLUSION 10.0

CONCLUSION

128 129 - 130

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

TABLE OF CONTENT

xi CHAPTER 11 - REFERENCES AND APPENDICES 11.1

INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS 11.2.1 MRS. LIM YOKE CHEE (OWNER OF RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES) 11.2.2 MR. AIMAN AND MR. ADRIZ (OWNERS OF CHAKABOW CAFÉ) 11.2.3 MR. LEE DONG YUAN (OWNER OF RED HOUSE KOPITIAM)

11.2

REFERENCES

11.3

GLOSSARY

11.4

PHOTOBOOK

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF TABLES

xxix

LIST OF TABLES 1.

GANTT CHART

7

2.

JOB DISTRIBUTION

8

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xii

LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES

FIGURE 1

PAGES

1

Site Visit to the Rainbow Shop Houses Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 4

9

Measuring using Measuring Tape Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 5

9

Measuring using Meter Linen Tape Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 6

10

Recording Measurements of Rear Elevation Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 7

12

Interviewing Mr. Lee, Tenant of the Red-Coloured Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 8

Interviewing Mr. Aiman and Mr. Adriz, Tenant of Green-Coloured Shop House

12

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 9

Members from Media Team Taking a Video

13

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii FIGURES FIGURE 10

PAGES 13

Members from Media Team Taking a Photo Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 11

13

‘Ipoh: The Town That Tin Built’, Obtained from the Local Archives Source: National Archives of Malaysia

FIGURE 12

14

A Handbook Malaysian Architectural Heritage Survey”, Obtained from the Local Archives Source: National Archives of Malaysia

FIGURE 13

15

Measuring Using Measuring Tape Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 14

16

Distance Measuring Laser Source: http://digilifeweb.com/Laser-Distance-Measurer-Bosch-GLR225

FIGURE 15

16

Meter Linen Tape Source: http://www.artscene.com.au/shopping/tapes/archival-and-conservation-tapes/lineco-gummed-linen-tape

FIGURE 16

17

Measuring Tape Source: http://www.amazon.com/Komelon-SL2925-Speed-25-Foot-Power/dp/B0016A72CC

FIGURE 17

17

Foldable Ladder Source:http://tjjinmao.manufacturer.globalsources.com/si/6008800554878/pdtl/Folding-ladder/1063083396/ Folding-Ladder.htm

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xiv FIGURES

FIGURE 18

PAGES

18

Metal Wire Source: http://www.homedepot.com/p/OOK-14-Gauge-x-100-ft-Galvanized-Steel-Wire-50142/100200924

FIGURE 19

18

Surgical Mask Source: http://www.mycarforum.com/topic/2698518-how-to-politely-tell-a-colleague-to-wear-a-mask/page-3

FIGURE 20

21

Front Elevation of Rainbow Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 21

22

Front Elevation of the Red Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 22

22

Floor Plans of the Red Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 23

The Red Shop House: Many Elderly People Visit to the Kopitiam to Gather on a Daily Basis that is Run by

23

A Friendly 76 Years Old Tenant.

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 24

Front Elevation of the Orange Shop House

24

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xv FIGURES

FIGURE 25

PAGES

24

Floor Plans of the Orange Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 26

The Orange Shop House: The Local Library was Converted from an Old Tailoring Shop and Is Visited by

25

Many Students Who Comes Over for Study Sessions.

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 27

26

Front Elevation of the Yellow Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 28

26

Floor Plans of the Yellow Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 29

The Yellow Shop House: This particular Shop House is Halved, One Part as Goldsmith, One Part as Tailoring

27

Services, and Tailoring Is One of the Local Trading Here in Ipoh Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 30

Front Elevation of the Green Shop House

28

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 31

Floor Plans of the Green Shop House

28

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xvi FIGURES

FIGURE 32

PAGES

The Green Shop House: This Old Chinese Herbal Shop was Converted into a Chic Café, by Transforming

29

the Original Living Space into a Lounge Space Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 33

30

Front Elevation of the Blue Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 34

30

Floor Plans of the Blue Shop House Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

FIGURE 35

The Blue Shop House: This Shop House is Currently Undergoing Renovation to be Refurbished into a

30

Soft-serve by Two Sisters.

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 36

Front Elevation of the Indigo Shop House

31

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 37

Floor Plans of the Indigo Shop House

32

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 38

The Indigo Shop House: This Shop House is Rented by Mr Rao.

33

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xvii FIGURES FIGURE 39

PAGES Front Elevation of the Purple Shop House

34

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 40

Floor Plans of the Purple Shop House

34

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 41

The Purple Shop House: The Purple Shop House is A Great Example of the Local Trading of Tailoring and

35

Sewing, It Is Still Muchly Retained the Original Form, Putting Only Thread Filled Cabinets On Both Side, Making It Easy And Convenient For Customers To Draw Customers In. Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 42

Map of Old Ipoh Town

37

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Ipoh FIGURE 43

Chinese Tin Mining Workers

37

Source: https://iccsg.wordpress.com/2013/03/12/arsip-foto-tropenmuseum/collectie_tropenmuseum_arbeiders_ in_de_tinmijn_te_banka_tmnr_10007202/ FIGURE 44

Photo of Ipoh Town in the 2000s

38

Source: https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh FIGURE 45

Site Plan Ipoh New Town and Old Town

39

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xviii FIGURES FIGURE 46

PAGES Old Attap Dwellings in Ipoh

40

Source: http://www.perak.info/Perak_Photo_Gallery/ipoh_street.htm FIGURE 47

Expansion of Chinese Shop Houses in Ipoh

40

Source: http://www.ipohworld.org/2010/05/12/a-cry-for-help/ FIGURE 48

Flooding from the Kinta River in 1900s

41

Source: http://www.keretalama.com/koleksi-gamba2-malaysia-dulu2-t3570-60.html FIGURE 49

Birch Bridge was Built in 1907 to Connect Old Town and New Town.

41

Source: http://www.rsmurthi.com/OldPerakPhotos1.html FIGURE 50

Shop Houses Typology in Ipoh

43

Source: http://iwandered.net/2014/01/05/things-to-do-ipoh-malaysia/ FIGURE 51

Modernized Buildings in Ipoh

43

Source: http://cilisos.my/7-ways-ipoh-2015-no-longer-feels-like-ipoh/ FIGURE 52

Hybrid Blocks in Ipoh

44

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 53

Site Plan

45

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xix FIGURES FIGURE 55

PAGES Site Section

46

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 56

Shop Houses in Ipoh

46

Source: http://www.ipohworld.org/2009/09/21/a-house-to-be-proud-of/ FIGURE 57

Shop Houses in Malacca

49

Source: http://changnoi1.blogspot.my/2012/07/chinese-shophouses-malacca-malaysia.html FIGURE 58

Ipoh Townscape Full of Old Shop Houses

49

Source: http://wikimapia.org/2010974/Ipoh-Old-Town FIGURE 59

Five-foot way

50

Source: https://www.lickr.com/photos/rsagar/4764482886 FIGURE 60

Division of the interior of a shop house

50

Source: https://natashadimitrijevic2015.wordpress.com/ FIGURE 61

Roof View of Courtyard in a Shop House

51

Source: http://www.36stewartlane.com/ FIGURE 62

Connected Shop House Block

51

Source: http://sporeshop.blogspot.my/

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xx FIGURES FIGURE 63

PAGES Cantonese Workers in Tin Mine.

52

Source: http://www.thinglink.com/scene/634631237301960706 FIGURE 64

Nanyang Architecture ‘Tong Lou’

53

Source: http://www.thefullwiki.org/Tong-lau FIGURE 65

Shop Houses Laid in a Row

54

Source: http://shophouse-sg.com/ FIGURE 66

Elements of a Shop House

54

Source: http://www.sgshophouse.org/shophouse/shophouse/ FIGURE 67

Sectional Perspective

55

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 68

Five-foot way

56

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 69

Timber Floor Beams

57

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 70

Party Walls

58

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxi FIGURES FIGURE 71

PAGES Pitched Roof

59

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 72

Evolution of The Shop House facades

60

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/explore/architecture-sketchbook/ FIGURE 73

Ipoh Shop Houses Style

61

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 74

Early Attap Settlements in Ipoh

62

Source: http://mckklife.blogspot.my/ FIGURE 75

Evolution of Upper Façade

62

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/explore/architecture-sketchbook/ FIGURE 76

Evolution of Shapes and Ornaments of Windows

63

Source: https://www.pinterest.com/explore/architecture-sketchbook/ FIGURE 77

Ground Floor and First Floor Layout

67

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 78

The Rainbow Shop House has Shorter Depth

68

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxii FIGURES FIGURE 79

PAGES Parallel Wall Strategy

69

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 80

Spatial Organization

71

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 81

Spatial Zoning

71

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 82

Five-foot way

73

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 83

The balcony

73

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 84

Air Vents at Rear Elevation

74

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 85

Contrast of Dark Interior with Brightly Lit Five-foot Way

77

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 86

Light That Pours into the Space Enhances the Depth of the Space

79

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxiii FIGURES FIGURE 87

PAGES Repetitive Openings across the Façade Reduce the Artiicial Lightings

81

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 88

Unobstructed Perspective

83

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 89

Cross Sectional Diagram

84

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 90

Southern Chinese Styled Shop House

87

Source: http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/Malaysia/Peninsula/ FIGURE 91

Colonial Styled Town Hall

88

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipoh FIGURE 92

Transitional Style

89

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 93

Straits Eclectic Style

91

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 94

The Square Tuscan Columns and Pilaster

92

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxiv FIGURES FIGURE 95

PAGES The Column with Relief Writing, ‘Department Store’

93

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 96

Columns of the Purple and Blue Shop House Featuring Rounded Roman Tuscan Column with Chinese

94

Relief Writing Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 97

Columns of the Indigo and Blue Shop House Featuring Rounded Roman Tuscan Column and Rusticated

94

Column Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 98

Columns of the Green and Yellow Shop House Featuring Rounded Roman Tuscan Columns with Chinese

94

Relief Writing Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 99

Columns of the Orange and Yellow Shop House Featuring Rounded Roman Tuscan Columns with Chinese

94

Relief Writing Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 100

Columns of the Orange and Red Shop House Featuring Rounded Roman Tuscan Columns with Chinese

95

Relief Writing and Tiled Covered Column Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxv FIGURES FIGURE 101

PAGES Columns of the Red Shop House Featuring Tiled Column

95

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 102

Balcony of Orange Shop House

96

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 103

Parapet of the Ipoh Rainbow Shop Houses

97

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 104

French Windows on Rainbow Shop Houses

98

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 105

The Timber Louvered Shuttered Windows Can be Find at the Back Façade of the Shop Houses

99

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 106

Tumpu Kadau Decorated Fascia

100

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 107

Chinese Styled Air Vents

101

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 108

Jack Roofs in Rainbow Shop Houses

101

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxvi FIGURES FIGURE 109

PAGES Timber Roof

104

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 110

Floor Joist

104

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 111

Timber Staircase

105

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 112

Timber Frame Arched Windows

105

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 113

Clay Bricks

106

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 114

Terracotta Clay Tiles

107

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 115

Ceramic Tiles

108

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 116

Lime Plaster on Wall

109

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xxvii FIGURES FIGURE 117

PAGES Lime Plaster on Chinese Character Columns

109

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 118

Concrete Flooring

110

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 119

Mild Steel Grill

111

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 120

Pitched Roof Construction

112

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 121

Hip Roof Structure

114

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 122

English Bond Method

116

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 123

Concrete Spalling in Yellow Shop House

119

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 124

Concrete Wall Cracking in Yellow Shop House

120

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF FIGURES

xixviii FIGURES FIGURE 125

PAGES Timber Deterioration

121

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 126

Cracking of Tiles of Red Shop House

122

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 127

Corroded Metal Door in Red Shop House

123

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 128

Mould on Green Shop House

124

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 129

Pigeon Droppings on the Floor of Red Shop House

125

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 130

Growth of Fern Plants on Yellow Shop House

126

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six FIGURE 131

Degrading of Paint on Red Shop House

127

Source: Taylor’s University 2016 Measure Drawing Group Six

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

LIST OF TABLES

xxix

LIST OF TABLES FIGURES

PAGES

FIGURE 2

GANTT CHART

7

FIGURE 3

JOB DISTRIBUTION

8

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

!  

! !

1.0 Aim and Objectives

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Figure

1.0 Aim & Objectives

! !

1

1.1 Aim

!

The aim of this measured drawing is to document the architectural and cultural significants of No. 116,118,120,122,124,126 and128, Jalan Sultan Iskandar.

!

1.2 Objectives

!

Our main objectives of the site visit are to produce a complete set of drawing based on No.116,118,120,122,124,126 and 128, Jalan Sultan Iskandar. In addition, we are to document the cultural and architecture significance of the seven rainbow shop houses in comparison to the other shop houses along Jalan Sultan Iskandar. We are also to include the existing building construction techniques analysis in the documented report.

!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Figure

1.0 Aim & Objectives

! !

2

1.3 Learning Outcomes

!

During the period of this course, we have learnt several standard architectural techniques used in measured drawings, record drawings and as-built drawings to preserve an accurate representation of the historical structures.

!

Along with learning to record measurements,we have also learnt to adaptively categorise the type of architectural historic structure on site.

After recognising the structure, we learned to implement an array of documentation methods, ranging from interviews to self-research.

!

We were introduced to several requirements, specific for the purpose of documenting the measurements of the building and hands-on measurement, we progressively learned more efficient ways of recording measurements by distributing the work correspondingly to develop more efficient results.

!

CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

GANTT CHART JOB DISTRIBUTION WORKING PROCESS RESEARCHING TECHNIQUES EQUIPMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS USED

CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

08

2.2 Job Distribution Task Adibah Photo, Video, Interview

Jit Ying Kai Yang

Report - 7/3/2016 Research

Anna

Report

Yen Min En Huey

Documentation Drawing - 7/3/2016 Check all drawing

sheilly

Site

Sheilly, Canisius, Sonia

Floor plan

Sheilly, C. Sheng, Raymond

Section

Evelin, C.sheng, Raymond

Elevation

Canisius, Sonia, Raymond, Evelin

Door & Window Schedule

Canisius, Sonia,

Details

Canisius, Sonia, Kelvin, Sheilly

Axonometric

Kelvin

Model Making Model Making

adibah crysmond kimberly kai yang sogol casey siao hui jit ying

[3] Job Distribution List

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09

2.3 Working Process Taking measurements of the shop house structures on site is one of the key objectives of this project. Measuring involves the use of equipment to record dimensions as accurately as possible. These measuring equipment include: measuring tape, ruler, laser measuring tool, etc.

Measuring using Measuring Tape.

When measuring, various techniques are used to ensure the precision necessary to record accurate measurements. A common

[4]

technique implemented is to take a picture of a measuring tape or ruler placed beside the desired structure, this provides a scale for reference during model making and drafting.

All students were put together into a group consisting of two to four people (depending on the size and area to be covered) and were assigned to a speciic space to ensure maximum eficiency.

Measuring using Meter Linen Tape.

[5]

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10

2.3.1 Measurements After successfully obtaining the measurements, it was recorded into formatted A3 graph papers which includes title, dimensions, date, name and remarks.

The measurements were recorded using different coloured-pens

Recording Measurements of Rear Elevation.

which are used to indicate the different important components to an

[6]

organised drawings.

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11

2.3.2 Drafting Drafting was done by who were adept in AutoCAD after the measurements were recorded in order to improve the overall progress and to create a general layout of each space. As drafting were being conducted in AutoCAD, missing measurements were quickly realised and attended to. As a result, this process ensured that we have a more complete and comprehensive measurements.

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

12

2.3.3 Interviews Interviews were carried out by members of the report team to obtain speciic information that cannot be retrieved online or printed books.

The interviewees include the owner of the seven shop houses ( Mrs. Lee Yoke Chee), the tenant of the red-coloured shop house ( Mr.Lee

Interviewing Mr.Lee,Tenant of the Red-coloured Shop House.

Dong Yuen), the tenant of the green-coloured shop house ( Mr. Aiman and Mr. Adriz ), the tenant of the purple-coloured (Mr. Kok Kim).

[7]

Interviewing Mr. Aiman and Mr. Adriz, Tenant of Green-coloured Shop House.

[8]

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CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

13

2.3.4 Photography and Videography

Photographs and videos of the site and its surroundings were taken by members who were more experienced in the ield of photography and video-editing. The photos and videos to be used for video making, to create photo books, in reports and drawings.

Members from Media Team Taking a Video.

[9]

Members from Media Team Taking a Photo.

[10]

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14

2.4 Research Methods 2.4.1 Internet Resources Obtained basic information from dependable internet resources such as online journals, newspaper articles and archives.

‘Ipoh: The Town That Tin Built’, obtained from the local archives.

2.4.2 Interviews The more detailed historic information of the site is obtained through

[11]

interviews. Owner, Lee Yoke Chee and tenants, Mr.Lee Dong Yuen, Mr. Aiman, Mr.Adriz, and Mr.Kok Kim was interviewed to obtain more information on the history, culture and technical aspects.

2.4.3 Local archives Related architectural documents and academic journals were borrowed from the local archives.

‘A Handbook: Malaysian Architectural Heritage Survey’ , obtained from the local archives.

[12]

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15

2.5 Equipment and Instruments Used

In order to obtain accurate measurements, there are several types of equipment that can be used, each one having their own unique function to be utilised in different circumstances. These equipment include measuring tape, 50 metre linen tape, measuring laser, ladder, string,

Measuring using Measuring Tape.

masking tape and mask. Besides measuring equipment, DSLR cameras were used to capture photos and document videos of the entire building.

[13]

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2.5.1 Digital Measuring Laser Digital Measuring Laser is capable of measuring up to 80m with great accuracy. This device is used to measure great distances, for example, wall to wall or loor to ceiling. With this device, we have worked effeciently during the on site measurement.

Distance Measuring Laser.

[14]

2.5.2 Metre Linen Tape

The 30m and 50m linen is usually used to measure long features where it cannot be measured with measuring tapes. On site, we used this tape to measure when we are documenting the length of the site context. It is

Meter Linen Tape.

also used when measuring tapes are too stiff to be used when measuring curved surfaces.

[15]

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17

2.5.3 Measuring Tape Measuring tapes are also known as tape measures. It is the basic measuring equipment among the other measuring equipment. It is long retractable tape made of a long, thin and slender metallic strip which

Measuring Tape.

contained different measurements units. Usually it is used to measure the length of loors, walls, and furniture. The range may vary depending on

[16]

brand or types. The average measuring tape can measure up to 8 meters.

2.5.4 Foldable Ladder Foldable ladder is often used to measure elevated structures or beyond human reach. This is because the height of the shop house is more elevated than its width.

Foldable Ladder.

[17]

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2.5.5 Metal Wire The ornaments in the shop houses are usually beyond our reach when using foldable ladder. For safety purposes, metal wire is used to duplicate the organic shape of the ornaments before bringing it down for proper measuring process.

Metal Wire.

[18]

2.5.6 Surgical Mask Surgical masks are used on site to prevent carbon monoxide and dust from entering during inhalation. This is because our site is located along the main road of Ipoh and also the old shop houses were very dusty.

Surgical Mask.

[19]

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION OF IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES

RED SHOP HOUSE ORANGE SHOP HOUSE YELLOW SHOP HOUSE GREEN SHOP HOUSE BLUE SHOP HOUSE INDIGO SHOP HOUSE PURPLE SHOP HOUSE

CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

20

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

21

3.0 Introduction of the Rainbow Shop Houses

FRONT ELEVATION OF RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES

[20]

The rainbow shop houses comprimises of seven shop houses, No.116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126 and 128, Jalan Sultan Iskandar respectively,.

As the name suggests, the shop houses get its’ name ‘Ipoh Rainbow Shop House’ by its’ eye catching rainbow coloured exterior. They were repainted by the current owner, Mr. Lim Chai Hock, who aspire to use the bright coloured facades to liven up the dead town of Ipoh.

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3.1 The Red Shop House Name

: Red House Coffee

Usage

: ‘Kopitiam’ Coffee Shop

Current Tenant : Mr. Lee Dong Yuen Background

: Mr. Lee is the second tenant of the shop house.

He has rented this shop house since 1969. He irst started off by selling clotheswear but due to the emergence of shopping malls in the 1980s, the businesses in New Town dropped drastically and

Front Elevation of the Red Shop House.

[21]

eventually were forced to close down. He then decided to forfeit his clothes wear business in 1985 and converted the shop into a coffee business with his sister and friends. He used to live at the upper loor with the employees but has since been vacant and utilised as a storage area.

Floor plans of the Red Shop House.

[22]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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[23] THE RED SHOP HOUSE : Many elderly people visit to the kopitiam to gather on a daily basis that is run by a friendly 76 years old tenant.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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3.2 The Orange Shop House Name : Library Usage : Local library and Tuition Centre Current Tenant : Overview : This local library used to be a tailoring shop, as can be seen on the Chinese relief writing column,advertising the name of the shop. The library consists of Chinese and English.collections which registered members can borrow. At the upper loor, tuition

Front Elevation of the Orange Shop House.

[24]

classes and study sessions are also held there for the primary school students. The special interior feature in this shop house are the bookracks and entrance (door frame, window frame) which are made out of durian tree logs.

Floor plans of the Orange Shop House.

[25]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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[26] THE ORANGE SHOP HOUSE : The local library was converted from an old tailoring shop and is visited by many students who comes over for study sessions.

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INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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3.3 The Yellow Shop House Name

: Pusat Jahitan Yooh Ming & Kedai Emas Kam Tuo

Usage

: Then – Tailor Now – Tailor and Goldsmith

Current Tenant : Overview

: This local library used to be a tailoring shop, as

can be seen on the Chinese relief writing column,advertising the

Front Elevation of the Yellow Shop House.

[27]

name of the shop. The library consists of Chinese and English.collections which registered members can borrow. At the upper loor, tuition classes and study sessions are also held there for the primary school students. The special interior feature in this shop house are the bookracks and entrance (door frame, window frame) which are made out of durian tree logs.

Floor plans of the Yellow Shop House.

[28]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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[29] THE YELLOW SHOP HOUSE : This particular shop house is halved, one part as goldsmith, one part as tailoring services, tailoring is one of the local trading here in Ipoh.

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3.4 The Green Shop House

Name : Pak Fook Tong Medical Hall a.k.a Cakchibow Café Usage : Then – Medical Now – Café Current Tenant : Mr Aiman, Mr Adriz Overview : Cakchibow Café opens daily from 5pm to 1am and closes on Tuesday. Previously, this shop house was named Pak Fook Tong, a shop which sold Chinese herbs and medicine. Thus, the

Front Elevation of the Green Shop House.

[30]

previous business has inspired the Cakchibow Café owners to name their drinks after medicine names. Using recycle pallets and worn-out tyres, they constructed them as chairs and tables. Live bands are also welcomed to the café to provide entertainment to the customers.

Furthermore, seats are provided at the outdoor areas such as the balcony and ive foot way of the shop. Plants are also planted at the balcony for beautiication purpose.

Floor plans of the Green Shop House.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

[31] FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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[32] THE GREEN SHOP HOUSE : This old Chinese Herbal shop was converted into a chic cafe, by transforming the original living space into a lounge space.

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CHAPTER 3

INTRODUCTION TO THE RAINBOW SHOP HOUSE

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3.5 The Blue Shop House Name : Hello Elvis Usage : Then – (unknown) Now – Ice-cream Current Tenant : Overview

: Hello Elvis, owned by a pair of sisters from Batu

Gajah, Perak, who are ice cream maniacs. When they were young, their late father will always bring the sisters to Ipoh Town for a visit.

Both sisters have tons of fond memories here at Ipoh Town. Thus,

Front Elevation of the Blue Shop House.

[33]

as commemoration of their late father, they started a business here, naming the shop after their late father’s favourite singer. Besides that, both sisters are also interested in preserving the heritage of Ipoh.

Floor plans of the Blue Shop House.

[34]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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[33] THE BLUE SHOP HOUSE : This shop house is currently undergoing renovation to be refurbished into a soft-serve cafe by two sisters.

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3.6 The Indigo Shop House

Name : Rao Hair Guru Usage : Then – Grocery Shop Now – Saloon Current Tenant : Mr. Rao Overview : Rao Hair Guru is owned by a hairstylist who is also into photography. Mr. Rao has made the upper loor as a studio for his

Front Elevation of the Indigo Shop House.

[36]

photography.

Floor plans of the Indigo Shop House.

[37]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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[38] THE INDIGO SHOP HOUSE : This shop house is rented by Mr. Rao.

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3.7 The Purple Shop House

Name : Perniagaan Kok Kim Usage : Then – Tailoring Now – Sewing Products Current Tenant : Kok Kim Overview : Sewing products like thread, buttons and cloths are sold in this shop house. The owner also provides tailoring services. The

Front Elevation of the Purple Shop House.

[39]

upper loor of the shop house is used as storage for the sewing products.

Floor plans of the Purple Shop House.

[40]

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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[41] THE PURPLE SHOP HOUSE : The purple shop house is a great example of the local trading of tailoring and sewing, it is still muchly retained the original form, putting only thread illed cabinets on both side, making it easy and convenient for customers to draw customers in.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

CHAPTER 4

BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SITE

HISTORY OF IPOH HISTORY OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN ANALYSIS OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN SITE PLAN SITE ANALYSIS GENIUS LOCI OF OLD TOWN AND NEW TOWN

CHAPTER 4

BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SITE

37

4.1 History of Ipoh Ipoh is the capital city of the Perak state, Malaysia. The word Ipoh means dart poisons - the Orang Asli used the poisonous latex of pokok ipoh to smear their blowpipe darts for hunting.

The town is situated at in the heart of Kinta Valley, previously one of the richest tin ore in the world. Legend has it that Ipoh was founded by a Malay Chief named Tok Dato Panglima Kinta after losing his

Map of Old Ipoh Town.

[42]

territory and entered Kinta River. Early settlements of Ipoh consist of many kampungs and villages that was setup at the Kinta riverbank.

The Kinta Valley had seen small-scale Malay mining in about 1880 before the inlux of Chinese immigrants that transformed the industry.

The Mandailing Malays came from earlier settlement in Selangor after the civil war there between 1867 and 1873 while the increased popu-

Chinese TIn Mining Workers.

lation of Chinese in Ipoh was the result of direct immigrant from China.

[43]

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Subsequently, the growth of Ipoh started to accelerate in the thirtyyear period from 1884 when Kinta Tin Rush began. From a small riverine kampong, Ipoh quickly grew into the second largest town in the Federated Malaya States, after Kuala Lumpur. But in 1986, the tin mining industry withered along with the collapse of tin prices worldwide.

Photo of Ipoh Town in the 2000s.

[44]

On 27 May 1988, it was granted city status by the Sultan of Perak, Sultan Azlan Shah. It is divided naturally by the Kinta River into two main townships - Ipoh Old Town and Ipoh New Town. Both Ipoh Old Town and New Town is now registered as a heritage area.

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39

Site Plan Ipoh New Town and Old Town.

[45]

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CHAPTER 4

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4.2 History of Old Town and New Town The old town of Ipoh began to be laid out on the west bank of the river by the Dato Panglima Kinta in 1886 by dividing the land into lots and selling them off to the Chinese.

In 1892, a ire destroyed about half of the dwellings of wood and attap.

Old Attap Dwellings in Ipoh.

Rebuilding were then commenced and taken charge by WJP Hume,

[46]

the Collector of Land Revenue, to realign,straighten and widen the streets and metal them, redraw and allocate the property lots, build brick drains, plant shade tress, introduce and develop street lighting and construct buildings in brick which in turn created Old Town’s systematic grid-iron urban layout.

The grid-iron urban layout also relates muchly to the Railway Station.

Expansion of Chinese Shop Houses in Ipoh.

This relationship is indicative of the important role transportation

[47]

played in Ipoh’s development. Historically, as a tin mining town, the transportation of tin was a primary focus.

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Parallel with the growth of the tin mining enterprise was the gradual expansion of the “Old Town” southwards, here we ind Chinese - style shophouses with stucco mouldings, combined with pitched Chinese tiled roof in bright colours.

The major development in Ipoh between 1905 and 1914 was the physical extension of the urban area due to overcrowding in the Old

Flooding from the Kinta River in 1900s.

[48]

Town and the continued risk of looding from the Kinta River. As part of this process of expansion, the Hugh Low Bridge was widened and strengthened and a new bridge, Birch Bridge, joining Brewster Road was opened in 1907.

By 1925, the “ Old Town” of Ipoh had extended southwards to form the “New Town”, with two major streets, Hugh Low Street ( Jalan Sultan

Birch bridge was built in 1907 to connect Old Town and New Town.

Iskandar) and Brewster Road ( Jalan Sultan Idris Shah), running [49]

parallel to each other north to south with arterial roads arching out in an east-west direction.

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4.3 Analysis of Old Town and New Town Ipoh consists of many layers of development, each with its own unique building types. The era of pre-independence had colonial shop houses while we can see more modernized form in the postindependence era.

In terms of typography, in the past, Ipoh faced major looding problems, this resulted in New Town’s streets being built at a higher level as compared to the streets in Old Town. The topography of Old Town pans out as a gradual slope towards the Kinta River. New Town’s topography is generally lat.

In terms of urban blocks, Old Town has more low-rise buildings and pre-war shop houses. On the other hand, there are more mid-rise buildings and rectilinear forms in New Town.

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4.3.1 Urban Form 4.3.1a Shop Houses Whether in Old Town or New Town, shop houses are seen along the roads throughout Ipoh. Shop houses in New Town and Old Town differ in terms of design. Traditionally, families will manage business

changes induced many to modify their shop houses for different

Shop Houses typlogy in Ipoh.

usages and activities. Despite that, the exterior is usually unchanged.

[50]

below whilst domestic activities are carried out upstairs. Now, lifestyle

4.3.1b Civic/ Monumental With post-war modernization,medium and high-rise blocks began to emerge in both Old Town and New Town. Mid rise structures consists of more than ive storeys, deviating from the traditional typology of low-rise shop house blocks. In New Town, the majority of residential

Modernized buildings in Ipoh.

apartment, ofices and shopping malls fall under this category.

[51]

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4.3.1c Hybrid Blocks Hybrid blocks are deined as former shop house block with at least one lot having undergone modiications, such that it is no longer conforms to the shop house block morphology. Some were built higher, serving as ofices, clan associations or even hotels. These selective transformations turn an entire block of shop houses into a mix of different building forms.

Hybrid Blocks in Ipoh

[52]

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

RSO JLN

AZIZ ( SUL

TAN

JLN

YAU

TET S

HIN

ISKA

NDA R(

JLN

JLN

45

MUS A AJA

JLN

JLN R

DAT

A PA HAL

JLN

BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SITE

AND E

LN C R (J AAF A

SAR

UK O NN J

BAR U

SAR BAR U A PA HAL

4.4 Site Plan

N)

OCK MAN )

CHAPTER 4

HUG

H LO

W)

MAS

JID ( JLN

HUM E

)

[53] Site Plan

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4.5 Site Analysis The Rainbow Shop House is located along the main road of Ipoh New Town, Jalan Sultan Iskandar, crossing with Jalan Datuk Onn Jaafar. The shop houses faces the main road, allowing good accessibility and circulation. In addition, the wide entrance receives ample sunlight into the shop houses.

Jalan Su

ltan Iska n

dar Shop house massing on site.

[54]

The building form are of hybrid blocks as some of the former shop house blocks undergone modiications, such that it no longer conforms to the original shop house block morphology that is still intact as those of the Rainbow Shop House . Some were modiied and built higher up to until 5 storeys, while some maintained the height, the facade was modernized.

Jalan Sultan Iskandar

Site Section.

[55]

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4.6 Genius Loci of New Town and Old Town

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HISTORY AND COMPONENTS OF SHOP HOUSES

INTRODUCTION OF SHOP HOUSES HISTORY OF SHOP HOUSES STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS EVOLUTION OF SHOP HOUSES EVOLUTION OF SHOP HOUSES IN IPOH

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5.1 Introduction of Shop Houses The deinition of a shophouse according to Chen Voon Fee’s Encyclopedia of Malaysian Architecture is a ‘two-storey urban house with a ground loor shop open to the road and living quarters upstairs’.

The shophouses was a unique urban housing form found in Southeast Asian historic cities, such as Penang, Malacca etc. , it is an architectural form that evolved from the blending of the perceptions of

Shop Houses in Ipoh.

[56]

the Chinese merchants and European aesthetics.

And what emerged was a narrow, small scale terraced structure that provides business for a ground loor and residential purpose for an upper loor which accommodate the social needs and business requirements of the early traders,while implementing climatic considerations, that minimised the effect of heat, rain and glare of a tropical climate by using thick,brick walls with high ceilings, a roof with ventilation, a shop front with verandah and balcony.

Shop Houses in Malacca.

[57]

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The typical two storey shophouse, with the ground loor for trading and the irst loor for residential use is still a standard feature in the centers of Malaysian towns and cities (Yeang,1992). These buildings are important for the understanding of the city’s social environment, and signiicant period of the city’s growth as they are the oldest extant urban dwelling in the country.

Ipoh townscape full of old shop houses.

[58]

The design of the old shophouses in the old town centres today is unique to this region only, particularly Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Even though part of the built form can be tracedback to southern China and European countries, the corridor or ive-foot-way (kaki lima) is added after 1880s, giving it its unique character.

The early masonry old shophouses built in the 19th century were usually around 6-7 meters wideand 30 meters deep, sometimes extending to 60 meters. The narrow frontage, particularly in Malacca,

Five-foot way.

[59]

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due to the paying of tax according to the width of the façade facing the street during the Dutch period (Too, in Chen, 1998). The plans of the old shophouses are basically divided into several segments that include the courtyard.The number of courtyards relates to the length ofthe old shophouses, whereby the longer it is the more number of courtyards available. The early old shophouses commonly served as

Division of the interior of a shophouse.

shop, residence, stable and animal yard all at the same time (Heritage

[60]

of Malaysia Trust 2003-04).

Roofview of Courtyard in a shop house.

[61]

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5.2 History of Shop Houses The built form of Chinese shop houses was irst developed in Malacca and later spread to other Malay states. This was the result of new urban settlements. The shop houses, as a prototype, functioned both for commerce and residence and had always formed part of the urban settlement pattern of the Chinese.

It is believed that merchants dominated the population in the Straits

Connected Shop House Block.

[62]

Settlements while the Cantonese came in a much larger group because of the tin mining boom. The location of the Chinese in Malaysia,according to their ethnic group had likewise inluenced their distinctive architectural styles.

Urban Chinese in Malaysia seemed to have congregated within towns along economic lines similar to their practices in Canton, China where traders and the profession also congregated in single narrow lanes or in city sectors. The Chinese urban areas, consists of rows of houses

Cantonese workers in tin mine.

[63]

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larger group because of the tin mining boom. The location of the Chinese in Malaysia,according to their ethnic group had likewise inluenced their distinctive architectural styles.

Urban Chinese in Malaysia seemed to have congregated within towns along economic lines similar to their practices in Canton, China where

Nanyang architecture ‘Tong Lou’

traders and the profession also congregated in single narrow lanes or

[64]

in city sectors. The Chinese urban areas, consists of rows of houses nd shop houses built along narrow streets with narrow frontage.

Developed in parallel with the architecture in the Nan Yang region in the 19th century. The shop house had a basic pattern both in the loor plan and elevation, although both of these aspects had evolved over the course of time. The shop house prototypical form later became popular in urban areas where the Chinese formed the majority. This became the general pattern of the Chinese architecture throughout Malaysia in the early 20th century.

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5.3 Structural Components of Shop Houses Shop houses are laid out in rows or blocks. Each block is bounded by a main street (at the front), side lanes and a back lane.

Each block is also joined by a continuous sheltered ive-foot walkway (kaki lima) in front to provide shelter from tropical weather conditions.

Regarding to Gurstein, shop house is a shop with a dwelling above.

Shop houses laid in a row..

[65]

Shop houses were usually built as part of a terrace, often with their upper loor overhanging the irst storey to form a pedestrian covered arcade. A typical shop house characteristics are as follows: i. Facing a street ii. Built in a row, next to one another along a street, with no gaps or spaces in between iii. Contains a party wall separating shop houses on either side iv. Low rise, 2-3 storey, long and narrow v. 5 foot way

Elements of a shop house.

vi. Multi-functional, combining residential and commercial use

[66]

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Main Structural Components of Shop Houses: 6.2.3 Party Wall 6.2.2 Timber Floor Beams

6.2.4 Roof

6.2.1 Five-Foot Way

[67] SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

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5.3.1 Five Foot Way Five foot way is a signiicant feature of the rainbow shop houses. The front porch or verandah, open at the either end, is a quintessential feature of shop house architecture. Referred to as a “ive-foot way” because this was the minimum width required by the building regulations.

In Malaysia, the ive foot ways dates back to the time of the Colonial Government, when Stamford Rafles drew up a town plan for his ledging settlement and determined that each house should have a covered passage in his Jackson Town Plan of 1822.

Shuhana and Bashri (2003) consider the ive-foot-way as helping to create a continuity and sense of unity to an urban ensemble. It is

Five-Foot Way. [68]

responsive to the hot humid climate and the drenching rain. The human scale of the ive-foot-way together with the horizontal or vertical uniformity creates an urban composition that is unique and readily recognizable thus assisting in creating a clear sense of place.

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5.3.2 Timber Floor Beams The loor and beams are built with timber beams which carried the weight of loors and roof, this is an atypical characteristics of the shophouse.

Floors are made of timber planks in the past while reinforced concrete beams and slabs are added on for support in recent years.

The irst loor slab is constructed out of timber structure. The timber wall plate were inserted to act as a support for the main beams. Timber loor

Timber Floor Beams.

[69]

joists will then be added onto the beams. Later on, pieces of timber plank will later be added on to the top of the joist. A gap will be left in between all of the timber plank allowing the plank to have enough spaces to expand when the weather is hot.

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5.3.3 Party Walls Origins of the party walls can be traced back to the rural village in southern China. Villages in Kwangtung are often walled, and houses within the community share common party walls.

Party walls are known as load-bearing walls to separate the shop houses from their neighbours. The shop houses are connected with a shared party wall, which bears the weight of the purlins and the tiled roof. Wooden stilts are used as a beam with wooden planks laid on top of it. Party walls

Party walls.

[70]

also act as a barrier to avoid spread of ire, while transferring the weight of the roof to the ground .

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5.3.4 Roof The masonry wall and timber roof is a Chinese English construction compromise combination. The timber roof is a common high pitched roof structure found in most shop houses which creates a space to insulate the rooms below from direct heat.

Jack roof is also applied in the roof. Jack roof is in which a smaller,upper roof overlaps the main larger roof, leaving a space between them, allowing natural draught to enter. This cools the heated roof and reduces the radiation that would otherwise transmit to the room below.

Pitched Roof.

[71]

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5.4 Evolution of Shop Houses The shop houses progresses and changes over time due to stylistic

Anthony Too (in Chen 1998) contends that the decorative styles that

and cultural inluences. While most of the structural components

typiied the facades of Malaysian old shophouses were built from

remains essentially the same, the evolution mostly happens on the

memoryor based on copybooks of styles found in parts of southern

shophouses’ facades. Heights, widths, forms, colours and materials of

China, where European revivalist inluence played a major role. The

the facades, the patterns and subdivision of windows are some of the

nouveau riche in both the emerging Malaysian towns and the treaty

different entities.

[72] Evolution of the shop house facades.

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5.5 Evolution of Shop Houses in Ipoh In the core zone of Ipoh, there are a total of 1132 buildings, of which were classiied as local heritage. The uniqueness of the shophouses not only lies in its’ facades, but also in the value of its’ overall architectural structure and form which showcases the diversity of the different styles.

Heritage shophouses in Ipoh were classiied into six styles since 1880s to 1920s which are the ‘Transitional’ Style, the ‘Neo-Classical’ Style, the ‘Eclectic’ Style. the ‘Art Deco’ Style, the ‘ Early Modern’ Style and the ‘Modern’ Style.

In the analysis which follows, four phases in the development of the six architectural style of shophouses in Ipoh will be identiied as : 1) Attap structure 2) Early permanent shophouses 3) Transitional facade shophouses

Ipoh Shop Houses Styles.

[73]

4) Fully Europanized facades

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The earliest shop house phase was to be constructed of wooden posts supporting an Attap roof, open to the street in typical Chinese fashion, the wares are displayed on street-side counters. But due to the major ire in 1892, WJP Hume, the Collector of Land Revenue, constructed buildings in brick which in turn created Old Town’s systematic grid-iron urban layout.

Shop houses were then built of brick, coated with stucco , these buildings

Early Attap Settlements in Ipoh.

[74]

were the earliest permanent shop houses constructed in Ipoh. Typical of the facade of this irst permanent type of shop house is the simple arrangement

of

supporting

pillars

and

unhidden,

unadorned

cross beams or breast summers. The distinction emphasised here is that there really is no facade in the earliest shop houses.

Later on, all shop houses start having their upper facade divided into two or three equally sized window openings set into a masonry wall.

Evolution of Upper Facade.

[75]

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The initial simple upper loor slowly becomes more elaborate in structure and in ornamentation in the mid 1800s. During this transitional phase, double or triple windows began to acquire Palladian ornamentation, as did the entire facade. The variety of shapes and ornaments on windows during this phase runs a complete range from square topped openings, through all degrees of segmental arched spaces to completely round-headed fanlights. Stucco frames and hoods lined openings,which include not only windows and loor-length doors, but also small round vents positioned between and above windows.

By the early 1900s, the evolution of the facade, from a simple to fortnight arrangement into a Palladian-inspired motif, culminates in an eclectic

Evolution of Shapes and Ornaments of Windows.

[76]

mixtures of Old-Dutch, pattern-book Regency and Venetian arcades.

Aftter 1900s, a fully emerged classicism emerged, the full appearance of unadulterated classical motifs include pediments, venetian arches, rustication,festoons, baroque foliage, consoles, and elaborate false

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CHAPTER 6

SPATIAL LAYOUT

DESIGN CONCEPT SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP BOUNDARY ELEMENTS OF THE WALL SPATIAL EXPERIENCES VISUAL EXPERIENCES

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SPATIAL LAYOUT

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6.1 Design Concept

In the early twentieth century, as the expanding colonial urban economies absorbed large numbers of labor migrants, the shop house in New Town, Ipoh grown rapidly to accomodate the increasingly overcrowded conditions in Old Town.

The architectural solution that was employed was to build lexible and pratical shop houses that was economical to build. And it was much inluenced by ‘Anglo-Chinese Urban Vernacular’ style in which reference to the incorporation of the Southern Chinese building form and Colonial urban plans.

The design concept can be further discussed in the context of: 1. An individual shop house 2. Multiple shop houses as a unit.

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6.1.1 Concept and Layout ( Individual Shop House) The shop houses were designed to have two loors in which the ground loor is used for trading and the upper loor as a living space, providing

(Trading Space)

an economical space for the rapidly growing community. As shown in

(Living Space)

the layout diagram,the ground hall and the irst loor hall are the main space. At the end of the hall, there is a door that con- nects to the rear court where the service space is located and a long staircase leads to the storage or living space upstairs. The tenants can access to the back lane through the rear court. The interior spatial planning was maximised but keeping it to its’ minimal by avoiding unnecessary partitions.

Ground Floor and First Floor Layout

[77]

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In comparison to the older shop houses in Old Town, it is visible that the Rainbow shop houses are much shorter in terms of depth. This is due to the overwhelming demand of living and commercial premises in a short period of time, resulting in the simplifying the layout to its’ most effecient form to shorten the construction process. The common depth usually applied to shop houses is 6-7 meters wide and 30 meters deep, sometimes extending to 60 meters. But the rainbow shop house is shorter and narrower, coming in at 5 meters wide and 21 meters deep.

In short, the shop house was design with maximum effeciency, lexibility and practicality in mind.

The Rainbow Shop House has Shorter Depth [78]

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6.1.2 Concept and Layout ( Shop Houses as a Unit)

Apart from design considerations for the spatial planning of an individual shop house, the shop houses was also carefully designed as a unit to Rectangular plan to provide a pair of parallel walls for the support of beams and roofs. And no wasted space as houses are arranged next to each other.

maintain the effeciency throughout.

The shophouses are designed based on a rectangular plan as an individual as well as a whole unit. One of the basic reasons for the rectangular plan was that it provided a pair of parallel walls for the support of loor beams and roof trusses. Another advantage is that it allows rooms or houses to be put nest to each other economically in terms of both the use of space and construction.

In parallel wall houses one party wall will provide half the support needed for the loors and roofs of two houses. Also there is no wast- ed space, and rows of houses can be arranged to face each other acrros

Parallel Wall Strategy [79]

access streets.

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The parallel wall strategy is the layout of typical traditional shop houses.

Each house is acoomodated bewtween two parallel walls. The parallel wall arrangement allows many houses to be arranged side by side, sharing party walls. Arranged opposite each other, with a street in between, such shop houses are an effecient way if organising space.

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6.2 Spatial Organization and Function 6.2.1 Spatial Organization The rainbow shop houses has a strong axial plan, as the spaces of the ground loor and the irst loor shows linear sequence. Linear organization consists essentially of a series of spaces. These spaces are linked as they are related to one another. The ground hall is symbolically impor-

Strong Directinal Axis

[80]

tant to the shop houses as it is emphasized by the location, in the middle of the linear sequence. Due to the rectangular layout of the shop house, the public have a tendency to walk into the shop house due to its strong directional form.

6.2.2 Spatial Hierarchy There are three division areas in the shop house which are arranged according to the hierarchy as shown in Fig. ; the public space: the ivefoot way, where people can freely walk through the covered walkway;

Spatial Planning on Floor Plan [81]

the semi-private main hall which has boundaries but can be entered by

Public

Semi Private

Private

public and lastly the private rear court.

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6.3 Spatial Relationship GROUND FLOOR

FIRST FLOOR

The rainbow shop houses have spaces that linked by a common space.

As for the upper loor that consists of 3 spaces – the balcony, the hall

For instance, the ground loor that consists of three spaces, the front

and a room facing the back lane. They are spaces that linked by a

hall acts as the common space that link the ive foot way and the rear

common space which is the hall. These spaces used to share the same

court. The front hall and rear court share a common border which is the

nature and common bond when the upper loor was used for living.

wall with a door and a window that allows natural light to penetrate into

However for the rainbow shop houses, the hall is the dominant space

the hall. The wall clearly segregates the two spaces so that the occu-

based on the ceiling height and size of the space, with the two spaces

pants are able to deine and respond to each space in its way. Spatial

supporting the hall. Due to the size of the hall, functions can be unde-

continuity of the ground loor is not interrupted as the window of the

ined. The balcony and room are relatively small due to lesser usage.

common border allow public to see through till the end of the rear court.

The connection of large and small space make the large element seem

However some tenants use furniture or curtains to cover up the win-

larger and the small element seem smaller (Kai, I.L. ,1982). These 3

dows so that the rear courts which consist of service area and storage

spaces are link to each other forming a linear sequence of spaces.

are out of the public’s sight. This is to concentrate the focus of the customers as well as to ensure the privacy of the rear court is maintained.

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6.4 Boundary Boundary is the most explicit formal quality of space. Roof, ceiling and the wall are the physical boundaries of space as the formal quality of the space depends on the coniguration of these elements. The spaces of the shop houses are deined by various coniguration of wall, roof and ceiling. The ive foot way is a narrow walkway in front of the entrance of

Five-foot Way [82]

the shop houses. It is an interior space because it has a roof, but showing the qualities of an exterior space as it is not enclosed by solid walls.

The boundary of the ive foot way space is deined by the four columns, which is visually transparent and therefore have open quality.

Another interior space with exterior quality is the balcony. The reason is because the balcony of the shop houses is partially covered by the roof.

However this space is not surrounded by full height solid wall but parapet wall, thus showing the open quality of an exterior space.

The Balcony

[83]

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6.5 Elements of the Wall A wall may consist of windows and doors. The connection of interior to exterior is a very important aspect in Western architecture and often a successful building is deined by how accessible the building to its exterior view. However in Chinese architecture, the connection between interior and exterior is totally discouraged but inside the building, the spaces are highly accessible. Windows and doors are the functional elements on a wall as both of these elements provide light and ventilation as well as accessibility from interior to exterior (Kai, I.L. ,1982).

Based on our observation, we realised that the walls facing the back lane have limited or small windows that show the inluence of Chinese architecture. These openings are not large enough to be called as windows, but they are used as air vents for the shop houses. Air vents are small openings on the wall to encourage ventilation.

Air vents at rear elevation.

[84]

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The rainbow shop houses are recently renovated by the new owner, Mr Lim. The original form of the shop houses may have no windows on the wall facing the back lane, only small openings can be found. This shows that the rear of the shop houses have no relation to the exterior. Air vents or windows of the rainbow shop houses are installed to suit modern function. Each shop house has a door on the wall to allow access to the back lane.

Unlike the exterior boundary, the interior boundary of the shop houses which is the wall that segregates the ground loor hall and rear court has a large window and door that provides access and view to the rear court.

The window allow the occupants to monitor the activity at the rear court from the hall.

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6.6 Spatial Experiences 6.6a Ground Floor 1. Ground Floor Hall As entered from the ground loor entrance, a moderately spacious space can be seen as no permanent partition were added in to the rather narrow yet long space, apart from the Yellow shop house which were split into two halves interiorly.

Spatial Features: -Brightly lit, receiving ample sunlight from the wide entrance -Moderately spacious -Well ventilated All seven shop houses have different businesses thus resulting in slight different spatial experience, which will be reviewed latter.

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[85] Contrast of Dark Interior With Brightly Lit Five-foot Way

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2. Ground Floor Rear Court The ground loor rear court is brightly lit by window openings which are situated high above the ground. This space is a private space for the tenants.

Spatial Features: - Brightly lit, receiving ample sunlight from the wide entrance - Well ventilated

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[86] Light That Pours into the Space Enhances The Depth of Space

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6.6b First Floor 1. First Floor Hall This space is spacious as it has high ceiling roof which creates a sense of welcoming to the users. Repetitive arched windows are placed on the side of the wall to allow natural sunlight inside the space.

Spatial Features: -Brightly lit, receiving ample sunlight from the wide entrance -Moderately spacious -Well ventilated

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[87] Repetitive Openings Across the Facade Reduce the Artiicial Lightings

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2. First Floor Balcony The balcony is the unique feature of these shop houses. It has an adequate space for doing house chores or having family gatherings. Back in decades, this space is very useful to dry wet clothes. This is because maximum sunlight can be obtained in this space.

Spatial Features: -Brightly lit, receiving ample sunlight -Moderately spacious -Well ventilated

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[88] Unobstructive Perspective

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6.7 Visual Experiences

[89] Cross Sectional Diagram

The balcony allows the occupant to have a wide view of Jalan Sultan Iskandar and surrounding context. If view from the ive foot way, visual transition of spatial qualities is achieved by the great depth of the hall. The pedestrian walkway allows the public to have a good view of the façade. On the upper loor, there are no skylights for the occupants to view the sky. The connection of the interior and exterior is achieved by the windows on the upper loor.

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CHAPTER 7

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL STYLE AND ELEMENT ARCHITECTURAL INFLUENCES ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ELEMENTS

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7.1 Introduction to Architectural Style and Elements Architectural elements are the unique details and the components that together, forms the architecture style and structure of the building. Changes in architectural elements relects the evolution of social cultural trends, as well as economic and technology devolopment. The architecture of the early 20th century of Ipoh is assimilated by the process of a fusion of traditional Malay archipelago architecture and the introduction of culture and architecture from the Chinese Immigrant and the British Colonial Government.

The rainbow shop houses too comprises of Malay, Chinese and colonial inluences, speciically, late transitional style and straits eclectic style that the latter sub-chapters will be focusing on.

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7.2 Architectural Inluences The main architectural inluences of the seven rainbow shop house is Southern Chinese Architecture as well as Colonial architecture.

7.2.1 Southern Chinese Architecture Chinese architecture revolves around Chinese tradition and culture starting from the Shang dynasty. In the early 19th century , there were an inlux of Chinese immigrants from the southern province of China. These immigrants brought in Chinese architecture, combining the principles and tradition with local Malay architecture and Colonial inluences to form Southern Chinese Architecture. Many Chinese architecture elements and details were expressed throughout the exterior and interior facades.

Southern Chinese Styled Shop House [90]

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7.2.2 Colonial Architecture Ipoh has once been colonized by the British, and its’ architectural style has been inluencing the local architecture scene since the 17th till mid 20th century. Colonial architecture is a representation of European aesthetics that the locals have been fascinated with, and progressively implemented it onto the building facade as decorations.

Some of the main elements that features the Colonial architecture style is

Colonial Styled Town Hall.

[91]

Greek column, portico and louvred windows.

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7.3 Architectural Style The architectural style of the rainbow shop houses can be classiied as transitional and straits eclectic style.

7.3.1 Transitional Style The transitional style is characterized by buildings with relatively restrained use of ornaments on its façade. Doors and windows remain predominantly timber framed and shuttered although the use of glass in small plates on the shutters later became common. Transoms are lat arched or semicircular inilled with glass. Vents are employed with an elegance of economy, architectural composition as squares or diamond between windows. Ground loor masonry walls have symmetrical double doors, a pair of window and bat shape vents above. The style incorporates many of the features of the ‘grand’ classical style, reinterpreted and adopted to suit the shophouses vernacular may include pediments, pilasters, keystones

Transitional Style [92]

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(consoles). This style exhibits almost exclusively a bipartite elevation order, i.e elevation with two windows. Structurally, buildings of this style incorporate extensive use of masonry with the introduction of reinforced concrete lintels and beams, timber upper loor and tiled roofs.

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7.3.2 Straits Electic Style This is the most spectacular style particularly in the use of ornamentation. The tripartite arrangement of three windows on the façade reduces the actual wall space to the minimum and provides maximum ventilation.

In later examples, the wall surface is replaced by columns or pilasters framing the windows. The constrained indigenous façade designs borrowed freely from the various ethnic traditions. Chinese panel frescoes are often combined with Malay timber fretworks that fringe the cape of the roof. Brightly coloured ceramic tiles and plaster delicately moulded into bouquets, festoons, plagues and other elaborate ornamentation bear testimony to the artistry of the shophouse builders. The development of reinforced concrete in the 1910’s enabled large spans to be achieved and more elaborate cantilevered details to be incorporated into facades.

Structurally, buildings of this style incorporate extensive use of masonry with irst loor timber fenestration and tiled roof.

Straits Electic Style [93]

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7.4 Elements 7.4.1 Columns The Tuscan order has a very plain design, with a plain shaft, capital and base. These Tuscan columns can be found around the exterior of the shophouses. Other than the normal round shaped column, some columns are rectangular in shaped, with the Tuscan order elements of astragal, ovolo and abacus at the bottom and top part of them. As mentioned, Tuscan order is originated in Italian architecture predating the Greek order.

As seen from the irst loor of the shophouses, a Tuscan pilaster is installed on both sides of each shophouses. Tuscan orders are commonly used in Early Shophouses style. Tuscan is a type of order originated in Italian architecture predating the Greek order, while the pilasters are originated from Greek architecture and borrowed in the structure of these shophouses.

The square Tuscan columns and pilasters.

[94]

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7.4.2 Exterior Columns With Relief Writing This characteristic is common and widely used in the art deco era, where the art deco style is introduced to replace strait eclectic style. The columns are made up of bricks and lime plaster inishing. The words are made with molds and pasted on with plaster and let them dry. The words literally represents their shops’ name.

The column with relief writing, ‘department store’.

[95]

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[96]

Columns of the Purple and Blue shop house featuring rounded Roman Tuscan column with Chinese relief writing.

[97]

Columns of the Indigo and Blue shop house featuring rounded Roman Tuscan column and rusticated column.

[98]

Columns of the Green and Yellow shop house featuring rounded Roman Tuscan columns with Chinese relief writing.

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[99] Columns of the Orange and Yellow shop house featuring rounded Roman Tuscan columns with Chinese relief writing.

[100] Columns of the Orange and Red shop house featuring rounded Roman Tuscan column with Chinese relief writing and tiled covered column.

[101] Columns of the Red shop house featuring rusticated columns and tiled column.

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7.4.3 Balcony A balcony is an external extension of an upper loor of a building, which allows a greater movement of air inside the building, as the doors opening onto it are usually louvered. This function response to the Malaysian weather perfectly. It also serves to enlarge the living space and range of activities possible. The use of balconies were irst manifest in the city of Valleta as the result of the increasing inluence of the baroque movement, in which the balcony was Europeans favourite device. In the past,

Figure shows column supporting the balcony, the highlighted outline of the balcony and the small openings on the front wall of balcony.

balconies are supported by corbels made out of successive courses of stonework, or by large wooden or stone brackets. The balcony of the shophouse is supported by the main columns situated around the shophouses, which is considered a modern balcony in the balcony history. The exterior and also the interior wall of the balcony is made up of bricks and lime plaster inishing. Also, the outline of the balcony is highlighted with white protruding plasters and also decorated with openings on the front wall of the balcony.

Balcony of Orange Shop House [102]

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7.4.4 Column Finial As the name implies, a column inial is an element which marks the top or end of some objects, where the inial head and base neck are the two main parts of the column inial. In this case, it’s the small ornament which located on top of the column, which is usually for decorative purpose. The delicate and artisanal handicraft shows how much details and curves was projected on this ornament. The column inial can be found on the columns of the balcony, which added some interesting element to the front elevation.

Parapet of the Ipoh Rainbow Shop Houses [103]

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7.4.5 Pilaster, Windows and Arches A full-length French window is paired with a full-length timber shutters and a louvered arch above the it to accommodate the hot and humid weather in Malaysia. The Straits Eclectic style developed a style of breaking the façade into 2 or 3 moulded openings. The tripartite arrangement of three windows on the façade reduces the actual wall space to the minimum and provides maximum ventilation. It is seen that the Western architecture style is working with the Malaysian architecture and its climate. These windows are used on the front and rear façade of the irst loor of the shophouses.

The window trim is made up of plaster and bricks, which consists of the arched part (header casing) and the column part (jamb casing). The header casing is made up of few layers of arches with a keystone at the center.

There’s no particular function for the keystone but for decoration only. The jamb casing is in the style of a Tuscan column, which include the elements of astragal, ovolo and abacus, in where it is in contact with the arch ends

French Windows on Rainbow Shop Houses [104]

and the ground.

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7.4.6 Timber Louvered Shuttered Windows This type of window is used widely in the “Southern Chinese” Eclectic Style. Normally, it is place at the upper loor facade of the shophouses. It allows a minimum light to pass through and is used mostly for the air ventilation of the shophouses. Direct sunlight should not be used for day-lighting as it is accompanied with thermal radiation, which will make the internal temperature increased. The windows adapted the materials that are easily ind in Malaysia, which is timber.

[105] The timber louvered shuttered windows can be ind at the back façade of the shophouses.

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7.4.7 Decorated Fascia Roof Trim A detailed Islamic inluenced ‘tumpu kasau’ can be found on the roof eaves. ‘Tumpu Kasau’ also means fascia board in malay, where it is the exterior part of the house that serves as the irst line of protection and defence from the harsh weather. It gives the rooing system a smooth appearance as well as offer protection such as prevent rain water from splashing to the One of the Islamic element found on the building.

Tumpu Kadau decorated fascia

[106]

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7.4.8 Chinese Styled Air Vents Chinese-style air vents are found on some shophouses, where it is made of lime plaster. It is also one of the Chinese element present on the shophouses. It serves as a decorative element which gives the elevation of the shophouses an interesting element. Also, it provides air ventilation and allows light to penetrates in.

Chinese Styled Air Vents [107]

7.4.9 Jack Roof Among the shop houses, it can be seen that the parapet gable rooing is for intermediate shophouses and hip-styled rooing is for the corner shophouse. But within the shophouses, some roofs have the additional jack roof on top of them. A jack roof is a gable roof with a raised secondary rood that allows for the movement of air and also allows lights to come in. The addition of this roof reduces the internal heat built-up especially

Jack Roofs in Rainbow Shop House [108]

during day time. This is a building element that response to the local climate condition of Malaysia.

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MATERIALS AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

MATERIALITY AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD TYPES OF MATERIAL USED CONSTRUCTION METHOD

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8.1 Materiality and Construction Method

The type of construction materials and techniques used in the heritage shop houses of Ipoh share similar construction materials and elements as those in the heritage areas of Malacca and Georgetown.

The inluence of Straits Chinese community as well as the British Colonial was prominently shown in the materiality and construction method. Both entities brought in construction elements that they were familiar with respectively from China, Europe and also India which the British once colonised.

As shop houses were built with the intention of being practical economical, most of the materials used were selected to be durable, long lasting and cooling in response to Malaysia’s tropical climate.

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8.2 Types of Material Used 8.2.1 Timber Timber is one of the traditional materials extensively used in the seven rainbow shop houses. Architectural elements in the shop house which features timber includes : 1. Roof Beam, Batten, Corbel

Timber Roof [109]

2. Floor Planks, Joists, 3. Stairs ( Including Handrail, Baluster, Thread Stringer).

4. Door and Windows ( Including Arched fanlights, Louvres)

Timber is a highly durable traditional material which can last for a long period of time. It can be easily obtained locally, making it an economical material. In addition, it is also easy to work with as it can be carved into

Floor Joist

desired shapes and ornaments.

[110]

Timber, as a good heat insulator was used in response to the tropical climate. It is further enhanced into louvre shutters to delect direct sunlight.

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The type of timber used in the seven rainbow shop houses is Chengal wood. Chengal wood is applied in the roof, staircase and looring of the seven rainbow shop house.

Chengal wood is a heavy hardwood with a density of 915-980 kg/m3 that is naturally hard and heavy. Such characteristics make them suitable for all forms of heavy construction. It is very resistant to termite attack and

Timber Staircase.

[111]

fungal infestation, making it durable and long-lasting.

Timber Frame Arched Window [112]

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8.2.2 Clay Brick The main wall structure of the seven rainbow shop house is constructed out of load-bearing clay brick.

Clay brick is one of the oldest building materials used by man, yet it is still widely used until today due to its material durability, high strength, sustainable and highly long-lasting.

Clay Brick

[113]

Clay brick is also an eficient tool in response to the tropical climate as it is porous, allowing air or moisture to pass through it and it is also a good heat insulator,thus a good material for the wall to regulate the temperature within the shop house.

In addition, its’ high strength allows it to sustain and bear and support heavy loads.

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8.2.3 Terracotta Clay Tiles ‘V’ proiled, unglazed, natural coloured terracotta clay tiles are used as the roof tiles for both the main roof and jack roof on the seven rainbow shop houses. The particular manufacture for the clay tiles was J.H. Morgan and Sons from Mangalore. These clays were brought in by the British in colonial times from India.

Terracotta clay tiles is a clay-based ceramic with lasting strength and durability. With proper installation, it can last 50 to 100 years or more.

They do not rot in wet climates and are not susceptible to destruction by pests.

In the ierce heat, terracotta tiles are slow to absorb heat, and allow the roof to breathe, which helps keep the buildings cooler for longer

Terracotta Clay Tiles

[114]

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8.2.4 Ceramic Tiles Ceramic tiles can be seen in interior walls, columns and loorings of some of the seven rainbow shop houses.

Ceramic tiles have great adaptability as it can be applied onto nearly any surfaces including the wall, portico, loors or even as interior inishing. It is easy to maintain as it is impervious to water damage and can be easily cleaned. It also highly durable, making it long-lasting.

Ceramic Tiles [115]

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8.2.5 Lime Plaster The seven rainbow shophouses’ masonry walls were rendered in a plaster made from river sand and lime, mixed in equal proportions. They were then given a coat of lime wash, giving it a creamy white colour.

Lime is a adaptable yet durable material, making it an ideal material for wall and ornamental inishes. Lime hardens much more slowly than

Lime Plaster on Wall [116]

cement, which makes it more workable for old bricks. Once lime plaster is properly set and cured, it can last for centuries.

Lime plaster surface in semi-permeable allowing moisture to rise from the base of the walls and evaporate for cooling effect.

As seen on the Chinese relief writing column on the rainbow shop houses, lime plaster were also used to mold the Chinese stucco decorations as well as the Chinese characters which were used to advertised the shops.

Lime Plaster on Chinese Character Columns [117]

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8.2.6 Concrete Concrete loorings are applied on the ground loor of the rainbow shop houses as wells as the loorings of the ive-foot way.

Concrete surface is durable and is hardly scratched or damaged, therefore suitable for the outdoor ive-foot way for the public and is easy to maintain, making it the perfect looring for the highly practical shop houses. It is also an economical choice as no additional looring inishes are needed.

Concrete Flooring [118]

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8.2.7 Mild Steel Mild steel is applied in the grilled gates, folded doors and also window grilles.

Mild steel is a low cost material that can be machined and shaped easily into desired shaped due to its inherent lexibility. It can be hardened with carburizing, making it the ideal material for producing patterned grilles.

But, mild steel does not have structural strength, therefore only used for doors and windows only. As it will rust over time, all of the mild steel doors and windows were coated with paint to enhance its life span.

Mild Steel Grill

[119]

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8.3 Construction Method 8.3.1 Roof Construction - Pitched Roof The roof type of the rainbow shop houses are timber pitched roof, but the exception of the red house being a hipped roof. Pitched roof sloping downward in two parts at an angle from a central ridge, so as to leave a gable at each end. It is also known as the gable roof.

The irst layer is the purlin, then two layers of rafter, then supporting beams, then the second layer goes throughout the ridge. The construction process is as below:

1. Rafters are nailed to a wall plate at the top of each supporting walls which are embedded on cement mortar on top of the inner part of a solid wall.

Pitched Roof Construction

2. Half lap joint will be used to join both wall plate timbers along the top of each wall.

[120]

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3. To it neatly over the wall plate, a small triangular section will be cut out on each rafter. Each rafter has a small triangular Then, cut the rafter at an angle and nailed it to the ridge board mounted vertically.

5. To increase the support of the rafters, purlins and the associated struts are used. The purlins run at right angles to the rafters whereas the associated struts are positioned under every forth rafter to attach to a joist above a supporting wall below.

6. Hangers and longitudinal binder will be used to hold the ceiling up. The hangers are usually nailed between every forth rafters and the joist below.

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1.Setting the ridge board is the irst step in framing a hip roof. Once the ridge is set the location of the hips will be known.

2.Now move onto setting the hip rafters. Always nail the bottom in place irst then the top.

3.After that, when framing a hip roof, the rest of the commons are set to give the roof cutter a head start on the hip jacks.

4. Before setting the jack rafters the hip rafter should be straightened

Hip Roof Structure

with a string line nailed on top and then a temporary brace nailed near the center to hold it straight.

[121]

5. Jack rafters should be nailed on opposite sides of the hip rafter to help keep it straight.

6. The last step when framing a hip roof is to install the fascia before applying the sheathing.

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8.3.2 Foundation Construction - Spread Footing Construction Shallow foundations support structures at a shallow depth just below the ground surface. There are three types of shallow foundations which are the spread footings, combined footings and mat foundations. Spread footings are used as foundation for the rainbow shop houses. Shallow foundation is typically utilized for most residential and light commercial raised loor building.

A spread footing (or isolated or pad) footing made of reinforced concrete is provided to support an individual column. A spread footing is circular, square or rectangular slab of uniform thickness. Sometimes, it is stepped or haunched to spread the load over a large area. The size of the spread footing depends on the allowable bearing pressure of the soil. A typical spread footing foundation is also referred to as a ‘T wall’.

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8.3.3. Masonry Wall Construction - English Bond Method Clay bricks were placed in “English bond” method, where bricks are placed transversely and then longitudinally, in alternating bands. This is considered to be the strongest bonding technique.

Reference strings are placed slightly above ground to indicate brick wall construction.

2. Bricks are positioned accordingly to the reference strings.

3. Cement and mortar are then applied on the header and stretcher and placed irmly on the structure.

4. Then, bricks are tapped to improve the bonding between each bricks.

English Bond Method [122]

5. Pegs are used to ensure the right angle and spirit level for correct levelling.

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CHAPTER 9

DEFECTS AND DILIPIDATIONS

DEFECTS AND PROBLEMS TYPES OF DEFECTS

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118 9.1 Defects and Problems As it has been almost 80 years since the seven rainbow shop houses was last built, it was inevitable to see existing damage and defects in both exterior and interior of the shop houses.

The shop houses have been through a renovation in the 2012, when the new owner, Mr. Lim Chai Hock bought the property and hired a local contractor to repaint the shop houses as well as repairing any major defects such as extensively damaged staircases and loor planks. As a result of that, it is to note that they were no major defects and all main structures were in good condition when we were studying the site.

Nonetheless, as the shop houses were still occupied by existing tenants during the renovation period, interior renovation was not extensively done, thus leaving behind traces of inevitable defects and problems.

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9.2 Types of Defects 9.2.1 Concrete Spalling Concrete spalling can be seen on the walls of the yellow shophouse and the red shophouse. Concrete spalling occurs when the upmost top layer chips away, revealing the rough interior material. Spalling is generally caused by carbonation of the concrete where carbon

Concrete Spalling in Yellow Shop House

dioxide reacts to chemicals within the concrete. The steel reinforcing bars within the concrete begin to corrode and expand, causing the

[123]

breakage on the surface concrete.

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9.2.2 Concrete Wall Cracking Diagonal cracks can be seen on the walls of the shophouses which emanate from the corners, these cracks and other changes in the shape of a wall (or slab) are called reentrant cracks and are a form of shrinkage crack.

The cause of cracking in concrete wall is due to the foundation

Concrete Wall Cracking in Yellow Shop House [124]

experiences stresses over a long period of time and also the increase in temperature.

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9.2.3 Dry Rot

Dry rot is timber deterioration caused by certain species of fungi that digest parts of the timber. Timber attracts termites that pose a threat to damp and digestible timber commonly found in timber staircase and bearing ends of beams and trusses at the irst loor which is

Degrading of Paint on Red Shop House

mostly made out of timber. Cracks can also be found at the timber panels from the irst loor due to heavy force being exerted throughout

[125]

the decades.

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9.2.4 Floor Slab Cracking Cracking on the ceramic loor tiled on the ive-foot way can be seen outside out the red shop house.

Excessive movement in the substrate will cause a crack in the tiled

Cracking of Tiles on Red Shop House

surface that runs through several tiles in a roughly straight line. Floor slab cracking can happened due to the concrete has not been left to

[126]

cure for suficient time (1 month per 25mm of slab thickness), or a suitable lexible adhesive has not been used. Shrinkage cracks in the concrete have transferred through the tiles.

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9.2.5 Corrosion on Metal Frame Metal corrosion is due to the exposed metal frame to outside weather conditions and chemicals. As seen in Fig. , the red shop house kopitiam’s rear metal door are badly corroded due to the constant exposure to water as the tenant would disposed water into the drain.

Corrosion of these frames is observed most often at the lower ends of

Corroded Metal Door in Red Shop House

[127]

the frame jambs and most widely described as a rusted frame. Water, whether from rain or humid conditions, inds its way inside the frame.

Once inside, it can remain damp behind the frame for prolonged periods of time due to the enclosed space. During this time, the backside of the frame is continually wet and eventually rust can begin to form.

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9.2.6 Moulding Mould can be seen on some on the columns, especially on parts that are non-penetrable by the sunlight. The lack of sunlight, combined with humidity of Malaysian weather and constant exposure to the rain, make it a favourable place for mould to grow on.

Mould on Green Shop House

The mould emits a faint musty smell and discoloured the exterior columns of the shop houses. If not treated properly, it may cause

[128]

major property damage.

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9.2.7 Biological Activity ( Bird Droppings) The presence of pigeon creates unsanitary conditions on the ive footway of the shop houses. The droppings by the pigeons can be found on the loor tiles especially at Red Coffee Shop house. Pigeon droppings appear to be the most important source of the disease fungus

Pigeon Droppings on The Floor of Red Shop House

Cryptococcus neoformans in the environment. The fungus is typically found in accumulations of droppings around roosting and nesting

[129]

sites, for example, attics, cupolas, ledges and water towers.

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9.2.8 Biological Activity (Parasitic Plant Growth) Fern plants can be seen growing between the cracks of the concrete ive foot way. Shady, warm and moist area has attracted the growth of ferns. This is due to the lack of proper maintenance done by the tenants.

Growth of Fern Plants on Yellow Shop House

[130]

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9.2.9 Degrading of Paint Paint can be seen cracking and laking off, exposing the previous paint colour as well as the concrete base. This has affected the aesthetic of the shop houses.

Degrading of Paint on Red Shop House

[131]

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CHAPTER 10

CONCLUSION

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10.0 Conclusion As the world around us progresses at a fast pace, preservation and conservation of buildings plays an important role in keeping our heritage in tact. Although modernism of the 21st century is taking over a major part of our country, historical buildings are just as important in showing how a country came together.

From our indings, we were able to conclude that a lot more people are starting to appreciate buildings for it’s history, and heritage – alongside it’s old characteristics and imperfections. More and more people are investing in these buildings, like the owner of the rainbow shoplots himself, Mr. Lim Chai Hock- who showed great appreciation for Ipoh’s heritage by buying and restoring some of the buildings around this area.

The younger generation is also actively taking part in revitalizing this old town, adding life by merging their modern businesses into these buildings, with very few modiication – in hopes of retaining the beauty of it’s original design.

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It is important to understand that heritage conservation does not necessarily mean freezing a building in time, rather increasing one building’s value by maintaining it’s original built form, and architectural elements, and at the same time enhancing some of it’s key features. It also means to restore and monitor its upkeep, to ensure it continues to function and serve it’s user.

Apart from its historical beneits, heritage conservation also proits the community as a whole. It increases the building’s property value, as well as generating the community’s income by attracting tourists and visitors. Besides that, it also keeps the money lowing within the community, and reduce construction waste through demolition and new construction.

In sum, it is vital for everyone, especially the younger generation – to educate themselves on acts of heritage conservation and preservation, in order to remember a country’s origin, where it came from, how it was built, and how it will continue to evolve in the future.

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REFERENCES AND APPENDICES INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT REFERENCES GLOSSARY PHOTOBOOK

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11.1 - INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT 11.1.1 - MRS. LEE YOKE CHEE - OWNER OF RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES Anna

: When and why did you painted the rainbow shop houses?

Mrs. Lim

: There were still ive tenants occupied the shop houses when we just purchased the seven shop houses. In order to preserve these heritage buildings, we have decided to renovate them. Everything was in good conditions except for the wooden staircases in Green and Blue shop houses. We repainted rainbow colour because it was so happened to be seven shop houses. This has represented the rainbow of Ipoh and they have brighten up Ipoh because Ipoh formally was a dead town. This was due the declination of tin mining and other natural resources, Ipoh has slowly became a dead town. To revive Ipoh, we have decided to start up our own businesses and preserve the historical buildings.

Anna

: Before repainted the shop houses, have you discussed with the ive remaining tenants?

Mrs. Lim

: Yes we do. There were no objections and infact they were very happy about the plan. Besides that, this can also attract everyone’s attention.

Anna

: So when you repair, did you use the same material?

Mrs. Lim

: We tried our best to replace the materials. The tiles are all recycled tiles bought from the junk yard. Also, we bought the timber wood from buildings which were torn down.

Anna

: How about the balcony?

Mrs. Lim

: The balconies were there since they were built.

Anna

: Is there any particular feature of it?

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Mrs. Lim

: The balcony is the special feature.

Anna

: Besides the seven shop houses, is there any other building which has the balcony?

Mrs. Lim

: There is one beside Lim Ko Pi but seems like most of the shop houses does not have a balcony.

Anna

: Can we know your personal history? Like did you grow up at here?

Mrs. Lim

: I grew up in Ipoh but I did not stay in Ipoh Town. To be honest, I have never look into any building but I know there are a lot of building because I was too young. I only started looking into it when my daughters shared their interest with me. I have always envy how well Penang and Singapore preserve the buildings. So the only thing I can do is to use this few buildings and start up our own business.

This is a family business. So our abilities are very limited and we can only preserve these few buildings only.

Anna

: Is there any rule and regulation to the tenant?

Mrs. Lim

: Yes we have. Tenants are not allowed to break the wall and structure. This is to preserve the building as good as possible.

Anna

: In terms of government or local council, did they give you any support to preserve the buildings?

Mrs. Lim

: Frankly, no. There is no support form the government.

Anna

: Is there any difference between the old town and the new town after you have started your business here?

Mrs. Lim

: The difference is that old town is quiet during day time whereas the new town is busy during day and night time.

Anna

: Do you have any intention of inding more or preserving building in new town?

Mrs. Lim

: Yes but not in near future yet. We still have a lot of upcoming projects and also to preserve the buildings that we have bought over.

Besides that, Ipoh Town has very limited heritage building.

Anna

: Instead in old town why don’t you start a business at new town? For instance, running a business in rainbow shop houses?

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Mrs. Lim

REFERENCES AND APPENDIXES

: This is because when we bought them, there were already ive tenants occupied. The shop house are quite small for us to run a business, so we have decided it might be better to rent them out.

Anna

: Did you know when the buildings were built?

Mrs. Lim

: I am not really sure about the exact year but it was between 1930s to 1940s.

Anna

: Do you have the picture of rainbow shop lot before you painted the colour?

Mrs. Lim

: No. Before we started renovation, we have requested architecture drawings from the land department. But sadly they do not have them. No pictures were taken before we painted the shop houses.

Anna

: Thank you so much.

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11.1.2 - MR. AIMAN AND MR. ADRIZ - OWNERS OF CHIKABOW CAFÉ (GREEN SHOP HOUSE) Anna

: Hi we are from Taylor’s and we are actually doing an architecture project for the shop house. We are measuring all the shop lot and doing the research of the shop lot.

Mr. Aiman

: Ok.

Anna

: Did you both bought or rent the shop house?

Mr. Aiman

: We just rented the place.

Anna

: May I know when you guys started renting this place?

Mr. Adriz

: About 5 months ago.

Anna

: Why do you choose this place?

Mr. Aiman

: We choose this place because we love the old sturdy structure of this shop house. This is a two-storey cafe where we have wooden

Anna

: loor on the irst loor. The foundation to the roof are still remaining in good condition since 1931.

Mr. Adriz

: Are you guys from Ipoh.

Yes, we are from Ipoh.

Anna

: So you guys are familiar this area?

Mr. Aiman

: Yes. We are familiar with this town.

Anna

: Did it change a lot? How much has it changed?

Mr. Aiman

: It did not change much. Most of the changes here are the sign boards.

Anna

: So I can see that you guys are preserving the medical hall?

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Mr. Aiman

: Yes because previously this shop is a Chinese medicine shop.

Anna

: Are they the original owner?

Mr. Aiman

: Yes.

Anna

: Did you guys did any renovation?

Mr. Adriz

: Yes we did such as the kitchen area, and painted the walls.

Anna

: So the shop opens at 5pm?

Mr. Aiman

: Yes. We are closed in the morning.

Anna

: Was this shop house painted green when you move here?

Mr. Adriz

: Actually this seven shop houses have different colours, the owner have registered the colour to public authority and we are not allowed to change the colour.

Anna

: What colour was it like? Was it like the opposite shop lot colour?

Mr. Aiman

: Yes, that’s the basic colour, the white building. The changes were only the interior.

Anna

: So is this your part time job or like full time?

Mr. Adriz

: Actually we have another shop which is graphic company and we just started to open the food and beverages business.

Anna

: Just before we go, is there any particular feature of the old shop?

Mr. Adriz

: Actually the balcony is wide and we made it as a garden. You guys can take a look.

Anna

: Thank you.

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11.1.3 - MR. LEE DONG YUAN - OWNER OF RED HOUSE KOPITIAM (RED SHOP HOUSE) Anna

: Hi uncle, may I know what is your name?

Mr. Lee

: Mr. Lee: My name is Lee Dong Yuan.

Anna

: Uncle, how old are you?

Mr. Lee

: I am 76 years old, born in 1940.

Anna

: Since when you started your coffee shop business?

Mr. Lee

: I started this business since 1st of September 1985.

Anna

: Have you think of buying this shop house?

Mr. Lee

: The previous owner did not allow us to buy a single lot. If we were to buy, we have to buy the whole row. Initially this shop house is not painted red.

Anna

: When did they repaint these shop houses?

Mr. Lee

: I guess they repainted them few years ago, I have forgotten the actual date.

Anna

: Were there any changes to the shop houses these few years?

Mr. Lee

: Nothing has been changed, the current owner wants us to preserve the current condition of the shop houses.

Anna

: Do the opposite shop houses have the same style like the rainbow shop houses?

Mr. Lee

: Yes, they have the same style. These shop houses were built by British. This street used to call Jalan lulus and was renamed as Jalan Sultan Iskandar. In 2012, Mr Lee bought these seven shop houses.

Anna

: Did they repaint them after they bought the shop houses?

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Mr. Lee

: Yes.

Anna

: Did they renovate all the shop houses or just one shop?

Mr. Lee

: It took them one month to renovate the seven shop houses. Initially the rental fee is the same as the one stated by the previous owner. However every two years, they will increase the amount of the rental fee by RM100.

Anna

: Do they look the same before they were repainted?

Mr. Lee

: Yes, just the colour was different. The shop house was white in colour. Before that, we can paint any colour that we want.

Anna

: Just like the opposite shop houses.

Mr. Lee

: Yes

Anna

: Do the original shop houses have balcony, so as the opposite ones.

Mr. Lee

: Yes they have balconies. Some of the shop houses removed the balconies after they renovated.

Anna

: What is the function of the balcony?

Mr. Lee

: Nothing special, we used them to dry our clothes.

Anna

: Do you live upstairs?

Mr. Lee

: I would stay a night here if it is raining heavily. But mostly I would go home.

Anna

: Do you live nearby?

Mr. Lee

: No, I do not. I live at Pengkalan.

Anna

: Can you roughly talk about the original business of the shops beside?

Mr. Lee

: For the Orange shop house, they used to sell suit and clock repair business. The Green shop house sell Chinese medicine.

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As for the Indigo shop house, they repair motors whereas the Purple shop house sells suit.

Anna

: Are there many tailoring shops nearby?

Mr. Lee

: Most of them closed down due to the emergence of supermarkets. It is cheaper to buy the cloths at the supermarket compared to the tailoring shops.

Anna

: The previous tenant moved out because there was no business?

Mr. Lee

: Not really. Previously the rental fee for one unit is cheap but due to economic decline they closed down.

Anna

: How was the development of New Town?

Mr. Lee

: New Town was segregated by the British. Basically there is not much difference between Old Town and New Town.

Anna

: These shop houses are built by the British and bought by a Chinese merchant?

Mr. Lee

: Yes, he was a tin miner. After he earned a lot of money, then he bought these shop houses.

Anna

: Have you have any issue with the owner?

Mr. Lee

: Mr. Lim (current owner) is a very responsible owner. He would ix the defects for us, unlike the previous owner. But it is understandable because the previous rental fee is cheaper.

Anna

: Did they refurbish the stairs?

Mr. Lee

: No they did not. It is still the original one when I just moved in.

Anna

: But why aren’t yours timber stairs?

Mr. Lee

: This is because the previous tenant renovated it due to his rubber business.

Anna

: Did you live upstairs when you irst started your business?

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Mr. Lee

: Yes, my family used to live upstairs. I used to sell suit.

Anna

: Were there business when your rent this shop house?

Mr. Lee

: No there wasn’t because the former tenant had moved out. Also, after the commencement of the supermarket, this area became prosperous. Jalan Sultan Iskandar used to be a two way street.

Anna

: When did it become a one way road?

Mr. Lee

: For quite some time already. After it became a one way road, most of the business in this area had declined. It is more convenient for the bus to stop when it was a two way street.

Anna

: Is it dificult to get a parking spot here?

Mr. Lee

: There were no parking problem. They used to have a lot of cinemas nearby, but most of them have stop operating.

Anna

: Is the street famous?

Mr. Lee

: Yes, very famous.

Anna

: Was the shop beside the purple shop houses that high?

Mr. Lee

: No, they renovated recently and built it high.

Anna

: Is the column with the Chinese writing the name of the original business of the shop houses?

Mr. Lee

: Yes, the previous owner likes old school style that is why they don’t let us to remove the column.

Anna

: Are they your regular customers?

Mr. Lee

: Yes they are.

Anna

: Do you think is it better to stay at the shop house or buy a house somewhere near?

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Mr. Lee

REFERENCES AND APPENDIXES

: It is really inconvenient to come back and forth from the house as I work until 9pm. The irst loor used to have three rooms, but the current owner has removed them during the renovation.

Anna

: Have you plan to renovate the irst loor into rooms and rent it out?

Mr. Lee

: It is inconvenient because I used the irst loor hall to store the can drinks.

Anna

: Do you know when did they build these shop houses?

Mr. Lee

: I think it has been here since I was born, about 100 years?

Anna

: I guess that’s the end of the interview. Thank you for letting us to interview you. Thank you uncle.

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REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

11.2 References - Health Hazards Associated With Bird And Bat Droppings. (n.d.).

- 1825 - 1860: Greek Revival House Style. (n.d.). Retrieved February

Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/

17, 2016, from http://architecture.about.com/od/periodsstyles/ig/

hb/hbb&bdrp.htm

House-Styles/saratogajc-3180005.htm

- Mould Removal in Pillar Point 1-888-681-1071. (n.d.). Retrieved

- Balcony | architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2016, from

February 11, 2016, from http://www.moldremovallocal.com/mold-

http://global.britannica.com/technology/balcony

removal-new-york/pillarpoint.html

- Building Conservation. (n.d.). Retrieved February 17, 2016, from

- Simmons, L. (n.d.). How to Repair Spalled Concrete Basement

http://buildingconservation.blogspot.my/search/label/Heritage%20

Walls. Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://www.ehow.com/

Shophouses

how_6022799_repairspalled-concrete-basement-walls.html

- Chinese Architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2016, from

- Cracked Floor Tiles. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2016, from http://

http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/chinese__architecture.htm

www.beaumont-tiles.com.au/Tile-DIY-Info/The-Tile-Doctor/Cracked-

- Gothic Glossary. (n.d.). Retrieved February 18, 2016, from http://

Floor-Tiles

www.athenapub.com/14glossary.htm

- Metal Door Frame Corrosion. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2016,

- The Architectural Style Of The Peranakan Cina. (n.d.). Retrieved

from http://www.doorinnovation.com/metal-door-frame-corrosion

February 17, 2016, from http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/

- Maintaining My Home. (n.d.). Retrieved February 11, 2016, from

SeminarPaper/peranakan cina.html

http://www.maintainingmyhome.org.nz/issues-and-repairs/issue/

- The Maltese Balcony. (2013). Retrieved February 18, 2016, from

steel-gutters-rusting

https://vassallohistory.wordpress.com/the-maltese-balcony/ IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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- The Functions and Importance of Fascia and Sofit to Your Rooing.

- Vintagemalayacom. (2016). Vintagemalayacom. Retrieved 26

(2013). Retrieved February 19, 2016, from http://www.joineryderby.

February, 2016, from http://www.vintagemalaya.com/iles/The_

co.uk/the-functionsand-importance-of-fascia-and-soffit-to-your-

Oldshophouses_As_Part_Of_Malaysian_Urban_Heritage_The_

rooing/

Current_Dilemma.pdf

- They Look Like Columns, But They Aren’t. (n.d.). Retrieved February

- Furnell . (21 March 2010). Architecture as space: boundaries,

18, 2016, from http://architecture.about.com/od/buildingparts/g/

connections andthe poetry of movement in digital experience.

pilaster.htm

Retrieved 26 February, 2016, from https://jasonfurnell.wordpress.

- Window Designs & Curb Appeal - OldHouseGuy Blog. (n.d.).

com/2010/03/21/architecture-asspace-boundaries-connections-and-

Retrieved February 18, 2016, from http://www.oldhouseguy.com/

the-poetry-of-movement-in-digitalexperience/

window-designs/

- Sivaraman . (14 March 2012). LECTURE 7 Theory of Architecture.

- Balcony | architecture. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19, 2016, from

Retrieved 26 February, 2016, from https://www.scribd.com/

http://global.britannica.com/technology/balcony

doc/85303490/5/SPATIAL-RELATIONSHIPS

- Shophousetowkaysg. (2016). Shophouse Towkay. Retrieved 26

- Knapp . (13 Dec 2013). The Peranakan Chinese Home: Art and

February, 2016, from http://www.shophousetowkay.sg/guide/styles-

Culture in DailyLife. United States of America: Tuttle Publishing .

of-shophouse/

Bracken . (2013). The Shanghai Alleyway House: A Vanishing Urban

- Chamnarn.T (1999). Bangkok Shophouse Final. Retrieved 26

Vernacular. : Routledge.

February,2016,

- Kai, I.L. (1982). An Analysis of The Formal Qualities of Space In

from

http://www.arch.kmutt.ac.th/research/inter_

Conference/2011/2.Bangkok_Shophouse_FInal_Full_Paper.pdf

Architecture(Master’s thesis, Tamkana University, Taipei, Taiwan).

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11.3 - GLOSSARY

A

B

Adhesive Able to stick fast to a surface or object.

Attics A space or room just below the roof of a building.

Arches A curve masonry construction for spanning an opening.

Academic Journals A peer-reviewed or refereed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is published.

Arcades An arched covered passageway or avenue (as between shops).

Archetype A very typical example of a certain thing.

Attap Leaves from a nipa palm that are used or covering the top of a building or a roof in Malaya.

Beam A long piece of timber or metal spanning an opening part of a

building, usually to support roof or loor above.

Binder A material that holds other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically or chemically.

Baluster A short pillar or column, typically decorative in design.

Balcony A platform enclosed by a wall or balustrade on the outside of a

building, with access from an upper-loor window or door.

Breast summers Known as bressummer, a large, horizontal beam supporting the wall above.

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C Carbonation Absorption of or reaction with carbon dioxide.

Carburizing A process of adding carbon to (iron or steel), in particular by heating the presence of carbon to harden the surface.

Colonize To establish a colony in.

Corbel A structural piece of stone, wood or metal jutting from a wall to carry a superincumbent weight.

Climate The weather conditions prevailing in an area in general or over a long period.

Ceramic Made of clay and hardened by heat.

Coat To provide with a layer or covering of something.

Cement A powdery substance made with calcined lime and clay. It is mixed with water to form mortar or mixed with sand, gravel, and water to make concrete.

Column An upright pillar, typically cylindrical and made of stone or concrete, supporting a structure or standing alone as a monument.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

Corrugated Perspex - Sheet of Perspex which are wave-like in proile.

Conservation The action of protection or restoration of the natural environment.

Cultural Relating to the ideas, customs, and social behaviour of a society.

Chinese Merchants Chinese that are involved in wholesale trade, especially one dealing with foreign countries or supplying merchandise to a par ticular trade.

Courtyard An unroofed area that is completely or mostly enclosed by walls of a large building.

Community - A social group of any size whose members reside in a speciic locality, share government and often have a common cultural and historical heritage.

Cornices Upper section of an entablature, a projecting shelf along the top of a wall often supported by brackets or corbels.

Colonnades A row of columns supporting a structure.

Consoles A type of bracket or corbel, particularly one with a scroll-shaped

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D Dilapidation A destructive event to a building.

Density The degree of compactness of a substance.

Durable Able to withstand wear, pressure or damage.

Dwelling A place to live in.

Diversity A range of different things.

E Evolution The gradual development of something.

Eclectic Made up of or combining elements from variety of sources.

F Foundation An element of an architectural structure which connects it to the ground, and transfers load rom the structure to the ground.

Floor Planks - Sawed, straight-grained timber laid on the loor.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

Fascia - A wooden board or other lat piece material that cover the ends of rafters.

Feature A distinctive attribute or aspect of something.

Frontage The façade of a building Façade The face of a building, especially the principal front that looks onto a street or open space.

Fanlights Window, semi-circular or semi- elliptical in shape, with glazing bars or tracery sets radiating out like an open fan.

Foliage - An ornamental representation of leaves, stems and lowers.

G Gable A triangular portion of an end wall between the edges of a sloping roof.

H Heritage Property that descends to an heir.

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Half Lap Joint - A joint between two timbers halved together so that a lush sur face results.

Hangers A metal component designed to provide a connection between a truss or other component and its support.

Header A heavy beam extended across the top of the rough opening to help support the weight of the building.

Heavy Construction Construction that requires the use of large machinery, such as cranes or excavators.

Handrail - A rail ixed to posts or a wall for people to hold onto for support.

Hood An arched covering, when used to throw off rainwater.

J Jambs A side post or surface of a doorway or window.

Jack Roof A smaller, upper roof overlaps the main larger roof, leaving a space between them for natural ventilation Joist A length of timber or steel supporting part of the structure of a

building, typically arranged in parallel series to support a loor.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

L Ledge A narrow horizontal surface projecting from a wall.

Lime A white caustic alkaline substance consisting of calcium oxide, obtained by heating limestone that is used in building and in ag riculture.

Louvres - Each of a set of angled slats or lat strips ixed or hung at inter vals in a door, shutter, or screen to allow air or lights to pass through.

Linear Arrangement Arranged in a line.

M Masonry wall A wall made from materials which have traditionally been ce mented together with the use of mortar.

Mild Steel Steel containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and tough but not readily tempered.

Mortar Mixture of sand, cement, lime and water, used to join stones or bricks.

Motif A decorative design or pattern.

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O Ornaments A thing used to make something look more attractive but usually having no practical purpose.

Overhanging A protruding structure which may provide protection for lower lev els.

P Portico A series of columns or arches in front of a building, generally as a covered walkway.

Purlin A horizontal beam along the length of a roof, resting on a main rafter and supporting the common rafters or boards.

Pegs A short cylindrical piece of wood, metal or plastic, typically ta pered at one end, which is used for holding things together, hanging things on or marking a position.

Plaster A soft mixture of lime with sand or cement and water for spread ing on walls or other structure to form a smooth hard surface when dried.

Preservation The action of preserving something.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

Party Wall A wall common to two adjoining buildings or rooms.

Porch A covered shelter projecting in front of the entrance of a building.

Passage A narrow way, typically having walls on either side which allow access between buildings.

Pillar A tall vertical structure of stone, wood, or metal, used as a sup port for a building, or as an ornament.

Pediment An element in classical, neo-classical and baroque architecture, consisting of a gable, originally of a triangular shape, placed above the horizontal structure of the entablature, typically sup ported by columns.

Q Quintessential Representing the most perfect or typical example of a quality or class.

R Re-entrant cracks Cracks that occur at the internal corner of a building.

Ridge The horizontal line at the junction of two roof surfaces where an external angle greater that 180 degree is formed.

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Rafter One of several internal beams extending from the eaves to the peak of a roof and constituting its framework.

Rustication To build or face with usually rough-surfaced masonry blocks hav ing bevelled or rebated edges producing pronounced joints.

S Substrate A substance or layer that underlies something.

Slab - A thick, lat piece of a hard material such as stone or wood.

Stucco Fine plaster used for coating wall surfaces or moulding into archi tectural decorations.

Struts A rod or bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist compression.

Sheathing A layer of boards or other materials applied to the outer studs, joists, and rafters of a building to strengthen the structure and serve as a base for an exterior weatherproof cladding.

Segments Any of the parts into which something can be divided.

REFERENCES AND APPENDICES

Settlements A place, typically one that has been uninhabited, where people establish a community.

Stilts Poles, posts or pillars used to allow a structure or a building to stand at a distance above the ground.

String Course A raised horizontal band or course of bricks on a building.

T Trusses A framework typically consists of rafters, posts, struts, that sup port a structure.

Terracotta - Unglazed, typically brownish-red earthenware, used chiely as an ornamental building material and in modelling.

Traders People who buy, sell goods, currency or stocks.

Tin Mining Boom A period in which tin mining is marked by an increase in produc tivity.

Timber Wood prepared for use in building and carpentry.

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U Unglazed - Dull inishing.

Urban Characteristic of a city or town.

Unity The relationship among the elements of a visual that helps all the elements function together.

V Verandah A roofed platform along the outside of a house.

Vents - An opening that allows air to pass out or into a conined space.

W Water towers A tower supporting an elevated water tank to create the pressure required to distribute the water through a piped system.

Wall Plate A piece of lumber laid horizontally in or on a wall as an support for a girder, rafter, or joist.

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To brighten up Ipoh Town, seven balconied shop houses in New Town were repainted into colours of rainbow.

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Bird’s-eye view of our site with the surrounding context.

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Located along Jalan Sultan Iskandar, the street connects both Old Town and New Town of Ipoh.

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A trafic police directing trafic on busy road of Jalan Sultan Iskandar, Ipoh.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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These shop houses are owned by Mr. Lim Chai Hock, who is also the owner of Lim Ko Pi in Old Town.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Located opposite the Rainbow Shop Houses is the original state of the shop houses since 1930’s.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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The back lane is no longer dull as the sun shines across the seven rainbow shop houses.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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The rear elevation is symmetrical balance to each other.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Known as kaki lima, the ive foot way shelters the user’s from the tropical climate of Malaysia.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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RED SHOP HOUSE | Left :Red Shop House, a meet up point for elderly as daily routine. Right :Storage area which was once for residential.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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An uncle staring from a distance.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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A glimspe of the kitchen in Red Shop House.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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ORANGE SHOP HOUSE :Filled with thousands of books under one roof.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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A boy surrounded by books in Orange Shop House.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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YELLOW SHOP HOUSE : Left :Tailoring service is provided in Yellow Shop House. Right :Dusty and empty, this space is not properly utilised.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Tailoring service in Yellow Shop House.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Threads and sewing machine.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Genuine smiles taken in the rear court of Yellow Shop House.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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GREEN SHOP HOUSE :Opens at dusk, a café using recycled wood as furnitures.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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BLUE SHOP HOUSE :In the midst of renovation into a modern dessert shop.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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INDIGO SHOP HOUSE :A two-in-one business where ground loor acts as saloon whereas irst loor as a photography studio.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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PURPLE SHOP HOUSE :Rows of sewing materials displaying with a narrow walkway in between.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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The rear court of the shop houses consist of a service area and acts as a storage place for the occupants.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Timber and concrete staircases are used to connect the ground loors to the irst loors.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Ornamented arched windows are commonly found in the shop houses.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Sunlight penetrates through the wooden louvered windows, illuminating the rear room at the irst loor.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Small circular air vent found on the façade to improve air ventilation of the interior.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Various types of air vents on the rear walls which allow natural air ventilation.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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The solid parapet wall of the balcony is decorated, giving character to the shop houses.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Finials are used as decorative ornament at the both ends of the parapet wall.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Visible from below, the loor joist of the irst loor were painted to preserve the quality of the timber.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Traditional clay roof tiles give a ‘time weathered’ appearance to the shop houses.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Jack roofs are used to improve air ventilation of the shop houses.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Timber roof trusses were left exposed, making the irst loor hall spacious and airy.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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A tinge of traditional feel of the fascia board.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Plain banded columns were used in constructing the façade.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX

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Traditional signs formed with moulded plaster on columns indicate the name of the original building use.

IPOH RAINBOW SHOP HOUSES TAYLOR’S UNIVERSITY 2016 MEASURED DRAWING GROUP SIX