Aquatic life 2 1918

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Jacob C. Cassel 915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa Manufacturer of

AQUARIUMS Aquarium Ornaments Floral Terra Cotta, Etc.

and

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u-rv-ir-

3000(

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4««..rk«:.w»^ C»^^:»Uwr P^ Aquarium »3pecialiy Lo.

When some were

most successful

of our

called to the Colors

We

of fishes, plants, aquaria, etc.

aquarium requisites.

Send for Catalog.

all

XXXJC

414

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TREMONT AVENUE TREMON

new york

city

and Breeders

Collectors, Aquarists

we were not slow

Fish Food

Fish Globes

Goldfish

taking over their entire stocks are thus in a position to offer a larger colin

and

lection

RARER SPECIES OF TROPICAL FISHES AND GOLDFISHES we have been able to show during the past three years. Naturally, the demand for the unusual fishes will exceed the supply, and for this reason only than

We

the earlier purchasers will secure the most desirable specimens. the goldfish fanciers and breeders to speed up their demands.

AS TO OUR PRICES: Some

WHAT WE

DID BUY we

CAN AND WILL SELL AQUARIUM SPECIALTY

we were offered a motley collection amount asked. Of course, we refused

time ago

of Tropical fishes hardly worth half the to buy.

have bought at the right prices, and

OOOOCTDOOOC

414

CO.,

E.

ZXDOOCTDOOOC

YOU

IF

Are Looking for Something Extra Fine in Broad -tail Telescopes

Dont

Forget

W.

H.

HEIMBACH

Breeder and Importer of Snails

FISH

FINE FISH

Plants

FOR SALE AT ALL TIMES 413

!

Tremont Avenue

K-inrv>

vnt-in i

>

—mH

<

::

New York

City

Manager.

DOOOl

Z)000CZZ3000C

)COOC

DC=3o8

BETTER CUTS AT BETTER PRICES s

1^

PROMPT SERVICE GUARANTEED

\m\\\\\ii\\\t\ium ARTISTS

44

North Tenth Street Allentown, Pa. >nno «

WE

at prices as reasonable as possible.

JOSEPH TAUBLES, Ooc^c

also urge

^

ENGRAVERS

N.4i:y

-

PHOTOGRAPHERS

STREET PHILA.

SEND FOR SAMPLESa^pPRICES THEY WILLINTEREST YOU

n^w^ipy

Qrie Variegated

j

Minno\\?

ERNEST LEITHOLF i

The variegated or sheepshead minnow, Cvprinodon variegatus, is an abundant cpecies along our Atlantic coast, ranging from Massachusetts to the Rio Grande.

may

Stragglers

be found

in salt water,

of brackish

seems essentially a fish though it ascends the rivers in This adaptability makes fresh water. acclimatization in the fresh water aqua-

but

it

situations,

to

an inch, and added a pinch of

They were the most helpless that have come to my notice.

salt.

lot of

fry

The four

that survived out of the original thirty

swim freely The lack

did not

month

old.

until they

of vigor

were a

may have

been due to changed environment, the

rium a comparatively simple proceedure.

The dominating color in both sexes is olive, mottled on a silvery background in a suggestion of upright bars, those of the

male being of a darker shade. The back of the male, between the head and the dorsal,

of shining pale

carries a patch

The

blue.

pectoral fins are orange; ven-

edged with light yellow anal dusky dorsal with orange border dusky, front margin orange and rear black caudal or tail fin with a dark bar at tip and another at base. The female is trals,

at

;

base,

;

;

pale olive

The

whitish or yellowish below.

;

dorsal carries a black spot or ocellus

toward the top

caudal red-

The Variegated Minnow

dish with a black basal bar; other fins

Youngster above, mature male below

at the rear

pale.

male,

The female is which may reach

;

smaller than the

species normally

a length of three

salt

spawning

After the

water.

fifth

in brackish or

or sixth

week

inches.

the four babies developed a ravenous ap-

Our pair proceeded to spawn in an aquarium holding less than two gallons.

The eggs were discovered scattered about

petite,

die

tank,

adhering to the plants, indi-

cating that they were expelled and fertilized

one

at a time.

six to ten days later.

and devoured great quantities of mosquito larvae and other foods. Growth

was long

rapid, I

nity tank.

The

dead

I

to the

fry appeared found them ex-

ceedingly difficult to raise.

Though

the

!

and when they were an inch

my large commuThe next morning they were is probable that this was due

placed them in

It

change of water.

(The variegated minnow has been

tank contained but six inches of water, they struggled day after day to reach the

cessfully

surface, until finally

that the eggs are

I

reduced the depth

bred

Hildebrand,

in

in

salt

water

suc-

aquaria.

a recent paper, observes

produced

at intervals of

â&#x20AC;˘aquatic JLite

70

Ten days to a month varying length. may pass, or eggs may be deposited daily

of

for a considerable period.

the first to appear will be by Dr. Shu-

The

digestive tract

is

long and convo-

two and one-third times the length of the fish, which indiluted, equal to about

cates that

forming

it is

vegetarian in nature, plants

This should

principal food.

its

be considered in breeding, and an old tank well grown with algse should be proIt is not,

vided.

however, averse to ani-

mal foods. It is quite ferocious and will and devour fishes larger than itself,

the

Surgeon General and the Secretary War. In this new series of Bulletins,

feldt, and is entitled "A Comparative Study of Certain Cranial Sutures in the

Primates."

Shufeldt

Dr.

at

is

present writing a

ichthyology

of

history

The

Aquatic

for

which concerns the work of Aristotle, has been received, and will be published in an early number.

Life.

first part,

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

Editor.

-

kill

Like wolves, a number have been observed to make a concerted attack upon one com-

even

its

own

mon it is

From

victim.

this

follows that

it

scarcely a desirable fish for a "happ>

Such species as Fundulns F. iiiajalis. themselves and heteroclitus family" tank.

aggressive, are unable to withstand

its

Editor.)

attacks.

The Water Spider

kin.

individuals

of

The water-spiders members of their

ing

are ordinary-lookclass,

and can

live

home

quite well on land, but are at

in

the water. Their bodies are covered with fine, close

hairs,

amongst which the

air

when they descend beneath is The air gives them a silvery the water. appearance hence the name Silverentangled

;

spider.

The Water-spider

Dr. Shufeldt Returns to the Regular

beneath the water

Army

ner.

At

his

own

request. Dr. R.

W. Shu-

been returned to the active list of the Medical Corps of the Regular Army, and has been detailed to the Army Medical Museum, in Washington. This feldt has

in

constructs

First descending,

web amongst finished,

it

the

its

nest

an interesting manit

spins a close

water-plants.

rises to the surface

trudes the hinder part of

its

When and pro-

body, thus

obtaining an air bubble, which

the office of the Surgeon General of the

it holds by and climbs down a thread spun for the purpose to the web, under which it releases the bubble which is retained by the web.

This is repeated many times until the web is dome-shaped by the accumulation of air. The nest is now used as a refuge, winter quarters or to contain the eggs, though a special one

Army. This new

may

is

quite in line with his tastes

but

may

in certain

and

desires,

necessarily cause a curtailment

other research work.

It is interesting to

money has

note that a

recently been

made

sum

of

available

for a resumption of the publications by

series has

been founded

means of

be

its

hind

built

legs,

for

the

latter

purpose.

for the purpose of opening an avenue for

Water-spiders

the publication of such contributions on

water animals, and occasionally on each

human and comparative anatomy,

other.

normal and pathological, as medical

both

small

land and

offi-

of the army may contribute, and which come up to the standard required by the Advisory Board, approved of by cers

feed on

Love your neighbor and share your daphne with him yet don't pull down your fence. ;

Water Aquaria

Salt

IDA M. MELLEM.

Secretary).

hardj)

and

Home

The Hew York Aquarium

YOUNG TAUTOG OR A

at

BLACKFISH

interesting fisK for the marine

aquarium f

The peculiar beauty and charm of animal and plant life in the sea arouses in our minds a natural craving to enjoy it close at hand.

This

is

a comparatively

easy feat for residents of the coast,

may

collect plants

selves

who

and animals for them-

and procure plenty of sea water;

but for the inland aquarist requiring

more

it

delicate care

is

a matter

and closer

concentration.

Salt water can be shipped inland

the coast with the animals

and

from

plants.

Formulas for the preparation of artificial sea water have been devised, but we do not know of any one who has succeeded

oration

is

replenished by water from the

rivers that constantly flow into

them and ;

though they acquire some additional

from the stance

is

salt

rivers, their loss of that sub-

so

small

that

the

new

salt

acquired really adds to their salinity. It is therefore quite practicable to replace

through evaporation in the salt water aquarium with fresh water from the faucet once a week; and a watering can is very good for the purpose. loss

It is 75 years since the balanced aquarium was

England, and been at work

first salt

water

established in

many experimenters have in the field since that

time

with them.

That

salts in

water are not subject to is illustrated by the

great evaporation,

eternal salinity of the seas,

whose evap-

*Read at a meeting of The Chicago Aquarium Society. Published by permission of The New York Zoological Society, with courtesy of use of illustrations.

Si(\mtit JLitt

72

but for the effecting of a perfect balance of marine animals and plants difficult to

it

advanace any unfailing

As with fresh-water forms,

much animal

life is certain to

prove

All-glass aquaria are the best for salt

recipe.

water, and are the only kind used at the

the animals

depend largely upon the oxygen thrown

New York Aquarium

for small marine

balanced aquaria.

v^-^-^Âť

I

A

fatal.

still

is

SELF-SUSTAINING SALT

^ n ^Âť

^iff

WATER AQUARIUM

/.

off

by the

plants, while the plants take

up

the carbonic acid gas exhaled by the ani-

mals

;

and,

as

with

fresh

water,

the

iquaria whose capacities are measured by the gallon are more satisfactory than those holding only quarts. There is small danger from an excess of plants, but too

Marine the

collections of the

"happy fam-

order are successfully maintained

ily"

New York Aquarium

at

in eight-gallon

jars,

with two kinds of plants, and as

many

as eleven forms of animal

life.

The

plants are the red alga Soleria chordalis,

sometimes attaching

itself to rocks,

and

Slquatlc again living free at the bottom, and the

green

sea-lettuce

buoyed with

(

bits of

Ulva

latissima)

cork to cover two-

and allowed to hang down ten inches from the top on the side thirds of the surface

are

73

or so in diameter, are interesting (crabs being truly comical animals) and desirfor they pick up scraps

able,

especially It

is

good scavengers.

well to place an inch or

fine pebbles,

Northern white coral (colonies rangfrom 2 to 6 inches in diame-

ing in size ter).

Brown anemones

(3 or 4).

White anemones (3 or

4).

Tunicates (Molgida) (3 or 4).

Killifishes, 2 inches long (2 or 3).

Variegated minnows, 2 inches long (2 or 3).

Prawns, i^^ inches long (2 or 3). eels, 3 or 4 inches long ( i or

Young

Mud

{Nassa obsoleta)

snails

Oyster

(

i

(

i

to 12).

)

Little-neck clam

{J^emis mercenaria)

(I)-

and a few stones must be added for the attachment of anemones, and for the crabs to hide under. Care must be taken to wash the sand

thoroughly.

dirty,

and

to the gallon of water.

It

can be seen

from the list just given that a gallon will accommodate more than one animal even more than four but in experiments with marine aquaria too much modera-

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

tion cannot be

urged

Sea-lettuce

is

the

balanced

may

be used with

"Flame

at the start.

absolutely essential for

aquarium.

weed"

dead,

it,

Other plants

as the red alga called

{Grinella

sun-dried

ainericana)

hydroids

;

such as

Sertidaria argentea and S. pinnata,

make

good ornamental effects.

Other animals which can be successfully

Bird gravel

confined

small mussels in length,

cially the

in

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; say

balanced aquaria are a quarter of

an inch

rock barnacles, annelids (espetube dwellers), and very small

crabs.

Large crabs tear the plants and catch the fishes, but small specimens of

mud and

spider crabs one-half inch

very

is

aquarium

will ruin the

if

put

before cleansing.

in

Hermit crabs should be provided with empty shells of a suitable size, so that when they outgrow the home they are living in and go house hunting for a large

new dwelling

will

be at hand.

They

are pugnacious, and two will fight

hard

for

the

possession

of

desired

a

shell.

and

Little-neck clams

Warning has been given the beginner by some aquarists to limit his animals one

f;nd

two of white sand, or bird gravel on

the bottom of the jar,

one, the

2).

from the

bottom; and the small hermit crabs are

The animals

of the jar nearest the light.

the

mtt

oysters,

whose

siphons are always busy, are valuable as clarifiers.

Snails which

consume vegetation are

to

The periwinkles do

be guarded against.

not thrive so well in standing water, but

no balanced aquarium out a few

mud

snails

is

complete with-

{Nassa obsoleta).

These do not harm the vegetation apprepreferring animal food, and be-

ciably,

sides being excellent scavengers, are al-

ways

interesting to watch, with their long

inquisitive like

siphons traveling on before an elephant's trunk, and specimens

are often seen carrying around a little roof garden of minute green plants, an occasional snail being so thickly covered

with

the

fine

Bnteromorpha

marine

alga

known

as

might be mistaken at first glance for a sea mouse. The mud snail, found all the way from Massachusetts

to

that

Florida,

is

it

the

commonest of

small Atlantic Coast mollusks.

Young specimens

of starfishes

may

be

j^quatlc Jiitt

74 kept.

They

live

on mollusks, however,

however, and a supply of the is

With

necessary for them.

mud

snails

a starfish

it

would not be possible to keep alive an oyster, clam, or any other mollusk in the jar, and at best the starfishes are not long-lived in captivity.

Probably the most attractive of all small fishes is the sea horse and the gen-

own one

eral desire to

is

one

in the

The

little

same

if

is

so great that

they could not keep

difficult to

Gammarus

water

provide

— the

minute

shrimp that infests the sea-lettuce. Some have succeeded in maintaining Sea horses for a number of months in balanced aquaria by feeding them with fresh chop-

ped prawn on the end of a die

little fish

take.

stick,

which

soon grows tame enough to

A New

and aquarium

York

dealer in aquaria

supplies,

he

water shrimps

for except with running sea water and salt

—

process

jar with their goldfishes!

creature

—

;

SEA-LETTUCE (ULVA)

people even inquire

horses, tells us that he feeds them on Daphnia the common water flea of the ponds by taking the sea horses out of the salt water and the daphnia out of the fresh water, and putting them all into brackish water one-third salt and twoWithin an hour the sea thirds fresh. horses are replaced in salt water, and this

who

sells

sea

repeats

may

each

day.

Fresh-

be used in the same

AND RED SEAWEED

way. last

During

winter

Gaiumarus enticing some

a shortage of

we succeeded

in

of the sea horses to eat the fresh-water

worm

Tubifex, which will live for half

an hour

in salt water.

Other fishes, also crabs and prawns, annoy the sea horse, but it is possible to keep anemones, barnacles, oysters and clams in the same jar with them.

The salt water aquarium requires strong light, but should have very little none in the summer, and direct sunlight not over an hour or two a day in winter.

—

aquatic

JLite

The most useful cover is one made of same diameter as the jar,

filtering through four or five thicknesses of cheesecloth, or letting it seep through a sponge placed in the bottom hole of a

glass, of the

with bits of cork glued to

edges at

its

several places in such wise as to allow

when

on the

set

a quarter of an inch

watering can.

it,

on the corks

jar, to rest

employed

above the top of the

and keeps out

only

is

discouraged animals

fed

balanced aquaria are

difficult

the novice impossible.

dust.

New York Aquarium

At the

What

retards evaporation,

etc.,

The same method may be the water appears a

if

three

if

that ''Patience

overcome

and, as a wise

woman

end of a

the impossible

is

ceps,

a

all

times a week with macerated clam, care stick or with long wooden forupon the tentacles of the corals and anemones, which may then be seen to

All food

not eaten within a few hours

carefully

siphoned

ofif

is

fresh

Fresh

it,

chopped, would serve.

fish,

finely

fish,

however,

is oily,

and even an

expert aquarist must take unusual care

using

in

A

bit

stick,

it.

of

wood

stuck on the end of a

and covered with

felt

notice in your

T

fresh-water mussels, or

or cheese

cloth, is useful to clean the inside of the

In the matter of impurities in the

water, an ounce of prevention

many

a

pound of

is

worth

cure, particularly in the

inland marine aquarium.

Watchfulness

for dying plants and dead animals, and their speedy removal,

For

this a

highly requisite.

long wooden forceps

venient tool. bit of

is

Some

is

a con-

aquarists advocate a

charcoal placed under the rocks as

a clarifier.

During a succession of gray

days, the water

may

be jerated by lifting

out a dipper full at a time, and letting

it

back from a height of several inches. the sand appears dirty, it is well to siphon off the bottom with a rubber tube fall

December number a fish, Medaka. knowing that the little

reference to the Japanese I

am

interested in

eggs and

fish lays

some of not

its

belong

not viviparous like

is

American to

the

relatives.

genus

It

does

Haplochilus,

however, but is type of a distinct group which I have called Orysias, because it

swarms

the ditches of the Japanese

in

(Oryza=rice

rice fields

name

right glass.

that the impossible takes

The Medaka

For the inland aquarium dried shrimp, soaked out of

obstacles,"

longer time.

little

with a glass tube.

dessicated codfish after the salt has been

howand

once remarked, the only difference between the difficult and

being taken to drop small pieces on the

carry the food to their mouths.

all

to

not be

his first efforts fail,

remember

ever, but

may appear

He must

perseverance

in

trifle

cloudy.

aquarium. The cover prevents the escape of crabs, snails,

75

is

in Greek).

Its Orysias latipes.â&#x20AC;&#x201D; David

Starr Jordan.

The

best advertising

is what other peoabout you, not what you say about yourself. What they say depends

ple

say

upon the

sort of service

you have given strength of Aquatic Life lies

them.

The

in this

accumulated balance of good-will

"Bank of Reputation." This balance has grown to such an extent that the name "Aquatic Life" is the hallmark in the

of accurate and interesting information on matters pertaining to the aquariumâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;

and every aquarian and

When

nizes

until about four inches of the water have been drawn. This can be used again by

a

it

There

scientist recog-

as such.

is

man and

a difference between imitating

counterfeiting him.

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;'^'

t'"-''^'"

TricKogaster Labio sus WALTER LAKIMOY

BRIND,

Z.

F.

S. i

i

member

This rather unfamihar

of the

a native of Southeast-

Labyrinthici is ern Asia, and has been collected in Rangoon, Burma, Siam and Malacca. Specimens bred in the aquarium rarely exceed a length of two and one-half inches; wild mdividuals may measure an additional I have two pairs at the present inch. time and all are husky, plump, lively creatures with abundant vitality.

necessary to maintain a uniform high

is

temperature for

One

at

three months.

least

"cold snap" will frequently extermi-

nate an entire brood, and

prospects will be

lost.

conditions a pair will

labor and

all

Under favorable spawn four or five

times during the summer, but too fre-

The eggs

quent broods are inadvisable.

are placed by the male in the usual nest

The coloring of the Thick-lipped Gourami is somewhat between that of the Striped Gourami (T. fasciatits) and the The back Dwarf Gourami T. lalius) (

.

olive-brown, while diagonal blue-green stripes cover the pinkish-red ground of

is

the sides,

men.

into the silvery abdo-

merging

On

the cheeks of the male, as in

the other species mentioned, appears a

blue-green patch, which

hardly

is

The

present on the female.

if

iris

ever

of the

Both sexes have a sharplyAt defined orange-red to the anal fin. eye

is

red.

times the vertical bars of blue green give place to a broken horizontal lateral stripe,

show stripe,

just

the

as

ordinarily

which

at

ishes, particularly

a

Fighting

double

times

when

Fish

dark

will

lateral

completely vanthe brilliant col-

assumed while mating.

Gourami is Thick-lipped ors are

The male generally

Thick-lipped Gourami

Trichogaster labiosus

Here with abundant oxygen, uniform temperature of 75 degrees

of bubbles. in a

or more, the eggs will hatch in about fry hang tail down among and are zealously nursed by male. In about three days the young wil^ outgrow parental control and scatter from the nest. It is now wise to remove

The

three days.

the bubbles,

brighter in color than the female, and has

the parent.

The

the characteristic pointed dorsal

and

been reached, and

fin.

Like other members of the genus

it

is

quite shy, so care should be used not to

by sudden movements or other listurbances.

A shallow aquarium and

frighten .

it

healthy plants in old standing water essential to

its

well-being.

purposes a heated tank

is

is

For breeding advisable, as

it

love, has

he

asperation

limit

will

of his patience,

proceed

in his ex-

to

devour

them.

The female should have been

moved

as soon as the eggs

in the nest.

re-

were observed Inasmuch as fragments of

floating plants will be built into the nest, it

is

but

not always easy to discern the eggs,

when

the

female

is

observed

in

a

•aquatic £iCc

The

remote corner of the tank, from which the male dares her to leave under penalty

of being roughly "pecked,"

it

safe to

is

assume that oviposition has taken This rule

is

also applicable to the

place.

Dwarf

Gourami, which uses a great quantity of broken vegetation over and among the

77 regular meeting of the Philadel-

phia Goldfish Fanciers' Society was held in

Saull's

January

Hall, 802 Girard avenue,

The competition was unique

in the an-

Only

nals of the goldfish fancy.

mens

on

i6th.

speci-

had been awarded a blue ribbon in previous competitions were eligible.

The prize, a silver cup, was awarded to George E. Wilt for a scaleless broadtail Telescope.

B. Judges George Smith, Thomas Ayling and Francis X. that

—

Garcia.

The

nickel-plated aquarium, complete

with plants and

fishes,

was presented Mr. Eck donated the Society,

ciety, to

offered by the

Mr. John Eck.

to

fishes to the

So-

be sold at auction, and the sale

materially helped to

swell

the

receipts

of the evening.

Trichogaster fasciatus

Striped Gourairi

The February meeting clie

Under no

bubbles forming a nest.

cumstances should the youngsters be

moved from solid bodies

the tank until they

and are

As with

long.

youngsters will

at least half

20th.

will be held on

Exhibition of ribbon-tail Tele-

cir-

re-

show

an inch

some of the grow much more rapidly all

fishes,

To prevent these precocious the food, and monopolizing ones from than others.

indeed from eating their smaller brothers

and sisters, abundant plant life, such as Myriophvllum and Anacharis should be introduced. soria

An

unfailing supply of infu-

must be present, and herein

lies

the

value of using an old-established tank in

which to breed. Then should follow screened Daphne, the tiniest one possible. \Miile the species exhibits a preference for is

Daphne and other

not averse to green

living foods, algse,

it

and

will also

The Dwarf Gourami

Trichogaster lalius

scopes and Japs, scaled and scaleless.

Three ribbons will be awarded in each Fred Richardson, Secretary. class.

take good prepared foods.

A

good

start generally

means a

bril-

liant finish. is good luck to any man to be on good side of the man that knows fish.

IzAAK Walton.

It

the

—

Justice

human

is

the

balances.

science

of

obtaining

Ailments of Goldfish GEORGE

SCHENK

A.

j i

Every aquarist should be able to diagnose and treat the common ills of goldThis does not mean needless experimenting and doping, but the ability to

fish.

to

recognize symptoms and take steps

check the disorders before a serious condition has resulted.

Under the most favorable circumstances an aquarium

and unless

a

is

they can be thoroughly sterilized after having been used for the treatmeni of parasitic or contagious cases. If poslent, as

it is well to have a planted aquarium to serve for convalescents in the interval between treatment in the hospital tank and their restoration to the

sible,

"close quarters,"

diseased fish

is

promptly

removed, others may become affected.

Illness becomes apparent in a number of ways. The dorsal fin may droop and the fish

show an

bottom, the there

become bloodshot, and

fins

little

is

inclination to rest on the

evident desire

These are warning signs

food.

for

to the experi-

enced.

symptoms are not

Such

necessarily

dangerous, but they are certain indications that the fish is not in proper condition,

and

if

allowed to persist will result and death. If but one

in serious disease fish in

an aquarium

is

so affected,

it

Broadtail Telescope Goldfish*

usual quarters.

is

is

quite probable that

it

ing or constipation; it

is

due a

to over-eat-

number

life

are

one or more essential particuand an eff"ort should be made to find in

and remove the cause.

Carefully con-

sider the foods used, the purity of the

water,

the

oxygen supply

(plants

and

condition of the bottom of tank), possible

over-crowding

and

atmospheric condi-

tions in so far as they influence changes "n

(infusoria,

etc.)

develops in large

ill

certain that general conditions are

wrong lars,

is if

In this rest tank, which

often unoccupied, microscopic animal

quantities and, together with baby snails,

which can be allowed

to

breed there,

affords an excellent tonic for the convalescents.

For the treatment of constipation a minor and sometimes frecjuent condition,

epsom

salt in a

care not to fish

in

tablespoonful

a

dissolve

make

this

or

more

of

gallon of water, taking it

bath

too strong. for

several

Place the

hours

if

the temperature of the water.

Every aquarist should have at least one receptacle to serve as an isolation and

*This splendid specimen, bred and shown

by George E. Wilt, was awarded the silver cup at the last competition of The Phila-

observation tank or hospital.

delphia Goldfish Fanciers' Society. "blue ribbon winners" were eligible.

All-glass

aquaria and enameled dishpans are excel-

by

PI.

W.

Schmid.

Only Photo

SLquatic

Then

necessarly.

mild solution of epsom

little

sea salt added, or a

salt,

two

fected parts with a pair of sharp scis-

or by laying the fins on a smooth board and trimming with a keen knife or razor. This has never appealed to me

few days

in the

convalescent will usually restore health

and

In a large measure consti-

activity.

pation can be prevented by feeding live

foods at intervals. be experienced

Little trouble should

when Daphne

Fin congestion

is

available.

is

79

with a

a rest of a day or

in a

mtt

the result of poor

sors,

when

only the

practically

tail

afifected,

is

impossible to do

it

for

it

spoiling the appearance of the fish for

When

time.

all

one or both of the pectoral

are diseased,

fins

is

without

it

may

be necessary,

circulation of the blood through the fins,

owing

and may be caused by chilling, over-feeding, over-crowding, impure water, rough handling, intestinal disturbances and sudden changes in temperature. Some cases are chronic, yield to treatment and then

the poisonous solution without getting it in the gills.

I treated my first case of

In

return.

and

even

severe cases the the

portions

lighter

body, become fiery red

in a

;

fins

tails,

of

the

mild form

For

the tails and fins will be bloodshot.

treatment add lO to 20 drops of aromatic

water

ammonia

of

spirits

each

to

gallon

The

in the hospital tank.

fish

of

may

from 5 to 20 minutes, but should be watched continually, and removed before they show remain

in this solution for

Transfer to a mild solvition of permanganate of potas sium, repeat the ammonia bath to simu-

signs of serious distress.

late the circulation of the blood,

return tient

to

may

the

permanganate.

remain

in the

necessary, but a

new

few days

in the

green water,

in

Tail rot

is

is

if

so-

deemed

hours.

When

convalescent tank, or

care, but the acid

part of the

ed a

tail

number

consumed the greater

Since then

!

I

have

treat-

of cases successfully by dip-

ping the

tails in a saucer containing a mild solution of bichloride of mercury, washing this ofif very carefully, and then

placing the fish in a large pan of water to remove further traces.

Then follows a mild permanganate bath.

Repeat the bichloride treatment the next day, and for a third time if necessary.

Between

In the early stages

A

week to ten days in the convalescent tank should follow. If desired, one-half strength peroxide of

nydrogen, or a mild solution of carbolic may be used instead of the bichlo-

acid,

ride of mercury.

Fungus

is

a parasitic plant of a

low

order that gains a

desirable.

a serious and contagious dis-

congestion.

diluted nitric

with a cotton swab, to the edge of the tail.

I used what seemed to be due acid,

ganate solution.

pa-

ease following aggravated and neglected fin

was instructed

The

the congestion has entirely disappeared, a

I

little

treatments, and for several days afterward, keep the fish in the mild perman-

solution should be

made every twenty-four

rot with nitric acid.

to carefully apply a

and then

permanganate

lution for several days, longer

tail

to the difificulty of treating with

it

may

where the

foothold on a fish protecting mucus has been

rubbed away by injudicious handling or other causes.

The spores

of the plant are

be recognized by a grayish, curled and

always more or

ragged appearance of the ends of the Don't wait for the advanced stage This disease develops very rapidly and

but a healthy fish has the power to resist ihem. If taken in the early stages, it is easily

must be given immediate

spread to the

tails.

attention.

aquarians advocate cutting

away

Some the af-

Fungus

cured,

less

but gills,

present in the water,

if

neglected

when death

will be clearly

it

will

will ensue.

observed as white

Siqmtic

80

fLitt

or black spots, at times life a tuft of cot-

from the body.

ton, or the major portion of the body may seem to be covered with a slime.

Kerosene oil, half-strength peroxide of hydrogen or a strong salt solution, ap-

son a

fish

During the breeding seafrom this disease,

sufifering

especially in the earlier stages,

is

apt to

be mistaken for a roe-bound female. condition

is

The

caused by the presence of

may

plied with a cotton swab, will generally

"serum under the skin.

overcome the disease with one or two Ireatments. If a bad spot has been eaten

given by tapping and allowing the fluid

away by

running a needle under the skin from

the fungus,

AN

it is

well to dry the

EXHIBIT BY FRANKLIN BARRETT

PHILADELPHIA FLOWER

with Turlington's bal-

place

and coat

sam.

This material

and

it

is

insoluble in water,

acts as a protective covering while

wound is healing. member this, because the

It is it

well to re-

can be used to

cover bruises and wounds resulting from

rough handling or accidents.

Dropsy manifests itself by a greatly distended and bloated appearance cf the 'tody.

I recall ore case, a large Lionhead, so severe that the scales were entirely raised

and stood out

at

an

niigle

This

ooze out.

to

is

Relief

be

done by carefully

AT A RECENT

SHOW

below upward. The thrust must not be If thought is used, and the indeep. cisions

made

the anus, no

to

either side in front of

harm

will result.

This

may

some time, or the serum may quickly form again, but it is the only means of prolonging the life of the fish.

The formation of the serum is resultant from an internal disorder.

No permanent cure is known. give relief for quite

Bladder trouble the

swim-bladder,

is

a condition affecting

which prevents the

^aquatic Ette contraction and expansion of the organ to

make

the

fish

of

same

the

specific

Com-

gravity or weight as the water.

plete recovery is rare, so unless the fish is

of

highly prized,

it

well to put

is

In some cases the

misery at once.

its

specimen

be unable to

will

out

it

rise

from the

bottom, which indicates a shrinkage of the organ

in

;

others

may move

it

swim on

S^reat efl^ort,

its

with

side or find

it

impossible to do other than float at the surface, the organ being abnormally in-

Examples that are killed should be dissected and the condition of the flated.

Treat as for constipation,

bladder noted.

using a strong solution of epsom

Sometimes what seems trouble

salt.

be bladder

to

only a severe case of constipa-

is

tion.

If

done,

but

given

in

it

does not yield,

comparative

may

relief

warm,

moderately

can be

little

be

shallow

water.

One is

of the bugbears of every breeder

and

a season sel-

passes without the loss of a choice

specimen from

m

a previous

this

cause.

number

of

Troemner,

Aquatic LifE,

He opened the such an incident. and removed and weighed the eggs, finding them to be almost equal in weight

cites fish

to the

body.

Usually one hesitates to

resort to stripping, lest

a valuable

fish

be injured, hoping that nature will force the expulsion of the eggs.

it

the eggs came, clouds of them, and was a very successful spawning. Since

that time

I have similarly treated others, always with success, as no harm resulted.

I have even stripped males without in-

jury to secure milt for experiments in

bound.

Several times

I

tried stripping,

proceeding gently but without success.

Finally, acting on the theory that 'ose her

one way or the other,

force, so

much Then

I

I

would

used real

so that the oviduct pro-

she

was placed

in

an

aquarium with a couple of males, who began to drive her immediately.

One went under her tail and was plainly ob<ierved to bite at the

The

artificial fertilization.

and

in front

roes are just

to either side of the anus,

hence a steady, even pressure should be exerted with the ball of the thumb

toward

it.

Parasites

are

frequently

introduced

on new plants and They are most annoying to the into aquaria

who

fishes.

fishes,

be seen endeavoring to remove by rubbing against plants and

will

them

They

stones.

will usually

and the parasites

succeed in

will be carried

this,

away

if

the fishes are kept in running water. If this is not possible, isolate the sufiferers in a well-planted

tank containing broad-

Every day draw off from the bottom, removing all sediment and excrement, replacing with water of the same temperature. When Sagittaria.

water

the fish has been cured,

let the tank stand unoccupied for a couple of weeks to kill the parasites by starvation.

In handling fish out of water, which is necessary in some treatments, the gills

should be covered with a soft, wet cloth, for if the gills are kept moist the fish will

experience no serious discomfort.

Until recently

I had the same fear.

Last spring a female that I highly prized became roe-

truded.

Then

leaf

a roe-bound female,

dom

81

protruding oviduct.

At

the annual meeting of the Aquatic

Association of Maryland, held in January, the following officers were elected to serve during the ensuing year

:

President,

Ernest A. Gill; Vice-President, Cassell

;

Secretary,

P.

C.

W. H.

Chambliss

;

Treasurer, Louis Hens.

It was decided that the Association would hold its first public exhibition during March. J. Shelton Hill was appointed chairman of a temporary exhibition

j^quatic fLitt

82

The arrangements

committee.

In connection with the

taking shape.

show a campaign conducted.

members

for

will be

— P. C. Chambuss, Secretary.

Black Broadtail Tele-

Novice Class.

are fast

scope, blue ribbon to G. C. Vowinkel.

Scaleless Broadtail Telescope, blue rib-

Robert Corriston.

Our president, George E. Wilt, exhib-

bon

to

Broadtails

splendid

ited

five

won

blue ribbons in other shows.

was one of great activity. The important feature was the election of

the meeting.

last

History,

officers

and appointment of committees

President, Richard Dorn; Jlce-PresiRuch dent, H. Kissell Secretary, C. B. Librarian, Lowel; Treasurer, John P.

Street Station.

Dr. E. Bade

;

— C.

The inventor

Secretary,

President,

Hugo

C. Nelles

first

Fri-

C.

to

Sixtieth

Vowinkel, Sec-

retary.

Charles E. Jenne. :

the

in its hall at

Market Street Elevated

the

They

competition of

5909 MarEverybody welcome. Take

;

German-speaking Branch

in the

The Association meets on day of the month ket street.

Result

for the year.

were not entered

had

that

meeting of The Aquarium So25th, ciety, New York City, held January Natural of Museum American at the

The

of

a

new

device

for

keeping fishes out of irrigation ditches

gave a demonstration

at

the

Washing-

Treasurer, B. Berkitz.

ton office of the Bureau in November,

General Press Committee, Hugo C. Nelles, Hans Forbriger and Carl Lazer.

The time and place for the annual din-

model.

ner of the Society was discussed, it being decided to hold it at Pabst Harlem, West 125th street. New York City, on April 20th.

1918.— Hugo

C. Nelles.

Market

5909

January

Though

it

4th.

numbers among

still

its

street,

on

in its infancy,

members many

prominent fanciers of the

city,

and

in

consequence the first competitive exhibition, held in conjunction with this meet-

The successful.

Thomas Ayling and JosBausman, made the following

was

ing,

eminently

judges, Messrs.

eph E. awards Professional.

Black Broadtail Tele-

scopes, blue ribbon,

bon,

M.

J.

Moylan.

H. Kraus

red ribbon, Walter Bell

M.

J.

Moylan.

;

red rib-

Scaleless Broadtail

Telescopes, blue ribbon, H. E. ;

vice

De Muth

yellow ribbon.

is

for

The

the

purpose a working

essential feature of the de-

the passage of a series of alter-

nating electric currents through the water

between successive pairs of electrodes

placed on the opposite banks of the ditch.

The

The regular monthly meeting of the West Philadelphia Goldfish Fanciers' Association was held in the hall of the organization,

employing

voltage of these currents increases

from the head of the ditch outward, so that a fish swimming into the canal would be subjected to a current of progressively greater potential

and discomfort as

it

The exhibition, which was witnessed by members of the Bureau's proceeds.

stafl^

and by representatives of the Recla-

mation Service, demonstrated that

fish

would flee from the electrified areas always in the direction of decreasing potential, and that they would not pass from a neutral zone into a strongly elecFisheries Service Btdletin.

trified one.

— 'T wonder why my never grows?"

He — "The She

intelligent

knows in

there would be no

such a

little

globe.

Aquatic Life."

little

little

room

You

goldfish

creature for

him

should read

SOOOCZTDOOOC

8°^

;aquatic ILife

3000(

SPAWN

An

international monthly magazine devoted to the study, care and breeding of native,

From

exotic, gold and domesticated iishes, other animals and plants in the home aquarium

Prize Winning Stock

Japanese Fringetails, Veiltail

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Copy Payments may be made by money tances

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Winners of 35 Silver Cups, Gold Medal, bilver Medals and hundreds of Ribbons.

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HUGO Is

Phila. , inrv-if

NELLES

C.

Read,>- for

Healthy

February 1918

Ill

As fish,

a whale

and

Fisheries get

it

—

is

is

a

is

flesh,

its

No. 6

mammal,

advising us to eat

meat.

it

is

not a

which the Bureau of

—

if

we can

The New Bedford and

Your

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Spring- Orders.

sailors

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ago,

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William

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W.

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Some

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My immense enables me to sell

bo.x.

;

$2.50

Fishfood" per

New York

for

lb.

City, N. Y.

Aquatic Kitt 1916

II.

-

1917

A

limited number of copies are availab.e in substantial cloth binding, with title page and

comprehensive the same Price,

Hughes

in

The

166 pages and about of illustrations, some in color postpaid. index.

number

$2.25,

by the United States Government, and whale oil was excluded from the classifi-

Writer.

per

1305 Third Avenue.

VOL.

New Bedford, prowhale was not a fish, and

Edzvard

healthy

me.

fish oil free,

contention was officially recognized

cation.

with

Manufacturer of "Faultless gold and tropical fishes.

years

Crapo, of

tested that a his

both

find

mean

stock of tropical fishes very reasonable.

Thirty-five species to select from.

Come and be convinced. Call after 3 P. M. weekdays; any time on Sunday.

industry always called themselves "whalemen," and were never called ''fishermen" excepting by "off-islanders," as the Nantucketers contemptuously term all

conditions

20c.

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to

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Circular free.

When ordering Magic order some Yogi.

MAGIC, 25c box by mail 28c. YOGI FISH FOOD, lOc box, by mail 12c, lb 60c add postage start

live

Copyright 1918 by Joseph E. Bausman

Vol.

^

DO YOU WANT INFUSORIA

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Foreign be by international money order.

If local checks are sent, ten cents should be added for collection charges. draft or

'^'^'^'

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Practical articles and notes on topics pertaining to the aquarium and terrarium are always wanted for Aquatic LiPE. Readers of the magazine are invited to join in making it a medium of mutual help, and to contribute to it any ideas that may occur to them. The pages are always open for anyone who has anything helpful and practical Manuscripts, books for review and to say. general correspondence should be addressed

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the coming school year will be filled with special articles from practical teachers dealing with actual works, methods and suggestions for school gardening, elementary agriculture and nature-study.

Three boxes,

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Sample

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lono)

Use Regenia Aquarium

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Salts

To

replace the nattiral salts in your aquarium as absorbed by the fishes and snails.

Excellent for plants. Help the snails form shell.

Benefits the fish.

Box of Six Powders, 2.5c.

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can, 15c.

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EVERYTHING IS FISH THAT COMES TO THE NET OF A NATURALIST Don't paddle in the water with one hand In other and be blind with both eyes. words, "keep your eyes open'" for all nature,

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EDWARD

edited by F. BIGELOW, who in the heavens and earth, as well as the waters under the earth.

It is

fishes

Four months'

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One

trial.

year.

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Bell

Broadtails

X

61.00.

AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION

Sound Beach

y 8 Q

& Tropicals

GEO. W. PRICE,

2145

Lee Street

S.

PhiladEEPhia

WALTER BELL BtoaD tail ^fIf0COpf0 BLACKS CALICOS 4324 WYALUSING AVENUE, PHILADELPHIA Breeder

of

=

BLUES

Prices Reasonable

ENCHYTRAE The

(White Worms)

which can be raised indoors all year round. Portion 50c (cash or money order) with instruction how to breed them. ideal live fish food

CHARLES

E.

JENNE

1577 Paterson Plank Road, Secaucus, N.

J.

3 MontKs Trial 10c THE AQUATIC WORLD 685 Pet Stock World

Bldg., Baltimore,

Md.

Otto Walter 86 Su^jdam

Street

::

Brooklyn,

Wear Central Avenue L

N. V.

Station

Breeder and Importer of

TROPICAL & GOLDFISHES Telescopes

Calicos

Japs

Fan-tails

Dealer in AH Varieties of Aquatic Plants All Kinds of Fish Foods Fresh and Dried Daphnia

AQUARIA, UTENSILS

AND

SUPPLIES

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HARRY 1210 N. Warnock

GOLDFISH BREEDERS

PETERS

P.

Street, Philadelphia,

Pa

BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish Plants

FLORISTS

every variety,

of

Aquarium Supplies

of

and

Snails

kinds at

all

all

times.

MANUFACTURER OF

58th and Walnut Streets

110

South 52nd

Green River Fish Food

Street

15c Box

Green River Baby Fish Food

Philadelphia

20c Box

Aquarium Fishes

A

All Kinds of Aquatic Plants

&

Aquaria

Supplies

Wholesale and Retail

GOOD

FISH

most

essential

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HERMAN RABENAU,

Aquarist

must be seen Visitors

at

Welcome

Fine Assortment of Lionheads Shipping Cans 50c

Varieties received

HARRY

regularly

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inrmr

all year.

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Street,

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LIVE DAPHNIA Supplied

PETERS,

Philadelphia, Pa. lOOOOOOC

f

P.

Warnock

1210 North

Near Broadway.

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Reasonable Prices.

Myrtle Avenue. Brooklyn, N. Y.

11(58

irvin

Blacks and Calico Telescopes and Japs

to be appreciated

New

orv-./

Largest Assortment of Splendid Blues,

& Terraria

Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty Importations of

)

Breed reeaers

PERMANENT DISPLAY OF Aquatic Life

one of the

is

necessary to keep fish in good health. After the test of years Green River stands out as the best food on the market.

It H keeps the fish in good color by pron moting a healthy, robust growth.

It X will not sour ot cloud the water. Ask Lvour dealer or send for it today. things

lOOOCXXJOOOl

Nippon Goldfish Co

$1.00 per portion including can

GOLDFISH, FOODS, PLANTS, DIP NETS

§

1749 Buchanan Street, San Francisco, Cal

and

Combination Natural Fish Food

Sample Box 10c

§

Importers

-

Imported Shrimp Fish Food

-

Sample Can 15c

R

JAPANESE GOLDFISH

-

Large Sample Box 10c Imported Wafer Fish Food Special Prices on Quantity Lots.

Cash With Order.

Catalogue Sent Upon Request.

AQUARIUM STOCK CO 150 Chambers Street <

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New York

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City

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Dealers

Direct From Breeders in Japan X Q Q §

Silver Medals, PanamaInternational Exposition, San Fran-

Awarded Gold and

Q

Pacific

Q

Cisco,

191.5.

ALL KINDS OF AQUARIA AND SUPPLIES

L

Price

I/ists

Furnished Trade Only.

§ n

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