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both for the case studies of the Prague city centre and for selected suburban communities, where the disproportion between the real and registered population is still most pronounced (Pospíšilová, Ouředníček, Křivka, 2012; Pospíšilová et al., 2012; Novák, Novobilský, 2013). The fundamental finding of our research is the fact that there are much greater differences between the statistically recorded population and the population actually present in the central area of Prague and on its outskirts.
6.5 NEW DISTRIBUTION OF JOBS In addition to the residential function, the distribution of job opportunities is a very important factor in the spatial differentiation of the population in Central Bohemia. During the day, several activities of the economically active population are linked to commuting centres or workplace locations. Prague and the Central Bohemian Region are characterised by very intensive commuting and spatial mismatch between places of work and residence (Novák, Ouředníček, 2011). Although in recent years there have been significant changes in the nature of work and its spatial embeddedness (Svoboda, Ouředníček, 2015; Svoboda, 2017), the location of work is still one of the basic factors of the regional structuration. Various analyses of commuting and enumeration of job opportunities at the municipal level are regularly conducted after each population census, which is, so far, the only comprehensive option for analysing job distribution in sufficient spatial detail (Novák, Ouředníček, 2011). However, data from mobile phone operators offer a promising alternative to this traditional source of data. Despite it’s inability to capture structural characteristics, it serves as an important tool, especially for capturing the sizes and directions of commuting flows at any time during the intercensal period. The diagram in the map (Figure 6.4) shows the total number of jobs in the Central Bohemian Region municipalities and Prague cadastral areas. The choropleth in the same map explains the number of jobs in relation to population size. When interpreting the data, it is necessary to consider that the number of jobs can be underestimated. The data determines with certainty only the number of workers working in traditional time periods (see Chapter 6.3), while the category of labourers working part-time jobs or night shifts as well as flexible workers might be confused with other categories. In this regard, the number of residents is more accurate due to the indicator making an average from a long-term data period. Due to the regional patterns of jobs distribution being rather inertial, basic results based on mobile phone data are quite similar to the evidence gathered by the population census in 2011 (Novák, Ouředníček, 2011; Nemeškal,
Ouředníček, 2015). The added value of mobile phone data lays in its up-to-date character and the unified methodology of population detection. Diagrams in Figure 6.4 have a unified scale for Prague’s cadastral areas and Central Bohemian municipalities. Therefore, such data enables the demonstration of the prevailing economic importance of Prague; eight of its central and inner parts have an equal or an even higher number of jobs compared to the largest district cities of the Central Bohemian Region, e.g. Kladno or Mladá Boleslav. Another location of concentrated jobs is in Chodov and Stodůlky, located in the outer city of Prague, with the recent localisation of services and retail centres in housing estates. On the other hand, suburban villages (e.g. peripheral parts of Prague Březiněves, Třeboradice, Nedvězí, Benice or Královice) mostly serve exclusively as a place of residence, similarly to most other municipalities within a 30km radius of Prague. However, locations with concentrations of jobs can also be found in the Central Bohemian Region. The increasing intensity of housing construction followed an increase of the population density resulted in the emergance of services in suburban municipalities around Prague. The reason for a high number of jobs located along the main highways is commercial development, together with the recently built logistic, industrial, retail and wholesale parks. Finally, several localities possess higher numbers of jobs in the quaternary sector of the economy, such as Dolní Břežany, Vestec, or Řež u Prahy. Motorway accessibility and empty plots of land predetermined for such constructions enables the presence of logistic and commercial parks. This applies to a 10 km radius distance from the boundary of Prague. Further commercial zones are mostly used for light industries (e.g. Žebrák-Zdice). Regional centres, as is the case of the traditional industrial areas of Kladno, Mladá Boleslav, and Nymburk– Poděbrady–Kolín–Kutná Hora belt, remain to be commuting centres. The surrounding municipalities serve not only as a source of labour force, but also as a location of a significant number of suppliers, in close proximity to big factories that mostly focus on the automotive industry. The third type of locations with a high job concentration are mid-size towns, forming the suburban core (Nemeškal, Ouředníček, 2018). Here, the population size and specific administrative functions generate jobs in the tertiary sector. Concurrently, these towns are an important location for different industrial enterprises. Towns such as Příbram, Rakovník, or Vlašim make for rather isolated nodes, which are not connected to the Prague Metropolitan Region. The number of jobs per 10 residents is shown in the choropleth in Figure 6.4. The areas that have a higher share of residents than jobs, dominate. This is partially caused by the construction of the indicator, where the number of residents includes both unemployed people and the economically inactive population. These groups make up half of the
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