REFUSE DERIVED FUELS THE TASK EXPERTISE KEY COMPONENTS THE ENTIRE SYSTEM
PRODUCTION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
01 足Commercial waste, Production waste 02 Packaging waste 03 Bulky refuse 01
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THE TASK Today, the production of refuse-derived fuels is an integral part of waste handling. With the spread of legal limits on or prohibitions of the landfilling of untreated waste, and the need to extract energy from waste, RDF has become an important commodity. High-caloric fractions of commercial waste, production residues, packaging waste, bulky waste and even household waste can be processed into refuse-derived fuel.
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Depending on its quality, this can be used in industrial furnaces, cement plants, and power plants. Komptech has a burning interest in refuse-derived fuels, and Komptech products are at home in all major process steps for making RDF.
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Komptech GmbH Komptech is a leading international technology supplier of machinery and systems for the mechanical and mechanical-biological treatment of solid waste and for the treatment of biomass as a renewable energy source.
EXPERTISE Waste passes through several steps on its way from refuse to fuel: Preshredding Preshredding brings the input material to a uniform size, which in some cases is already the right size for fuel, and eliminates overlengths which would interfere with further processes. Separation Separation removes contraries and recyclable materials from the fuel fraction.
The product range comprises over 30 different types of machines, which cover the key steps in waste processing.
Fine shredding Fine shredding brings the fuel fraction, now free of contraries, to the right particle size.
All share a rigorous practical focus and pioneering spirit. Practical focus means that they are designed around our customers’ needs, not our own. Pioneering spirit means working towards the future by further cultivating our accustomed high development expertise.
Post-screening Post-screening makes sure that the particles do not exceed the maximum size for fuel use. The fuel is now ready for use as a source of energy.
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PRODUCTION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
THE PROCESS Sample process
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Preshredding
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Fine shredding
Separation
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Post-screening
Fines
Classic RDF / Calciner RDF
Premium-EBS
Preshredding with the Terminator The Terminator shreds a wide range of input materials, highly consistently and with high overall performance. As a preshredder, it ensures trouble-free feed of material in predefined particle sizes to follow-on components. The Terminator model chosen depends on the content of contraries in the input and the desired amount of fuel-ready fraction in the output.
• Sizes for plants from industrial-scale three-shift operations to small singleshift plants • High performance maximum use of space • Wide range of input materials • High resistance to contraries • Low air movement for low dust production • Top-quality fuels
KEY COMPONENTS Components All components shown are available in many different performance ranges, to permit configurations for any desired RDF plant capacity.
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02 Separation with the Ballistor Designed especially for waste containing contraries, the Ballistor separates these out of the preshredded material stream in the rolling fraction. Built tough and needing only a little room, this ballistic separator causes just minor air movement. Therefore, it creates only a fraction of the dust blown up by a windsifter. As a result, much less dustremoval equipment is needed, reducing operating and energy costs. The output is two main fractions - the light, flat fuel fraction and the heavy, rolling contrary fraction. Undersized material falls out through the screen holes to form a fine fraction. With dry fabric waste, the end product can be a classic RDF or calciner RDF without further fine shredding.
03 Fine shredding with the Rasor The Rasor fine-shreds the flat fraction dependably and precisely, often after optical sorting equipment has removed PVC and possible recyclables. Depending on the screen basket used, the fuel size can run from 60 mm diameter down to 30 mm blow-in RDF, or even 10 mm fuel for coal-fired power plants. High performance and sharp blades ensure low operating costs and top fuel quality.
04 Post-screening with the Multistar With high performance and very effective use of space, the Multistar screens the fine-shredded fuel. Using only minimal energy itself, this star screener enables lower energy costs for the fine-shredder. The screen cut-off and thereby the maximum particle size of the fuel can be changed by adjusting the screen shaft speed, with just the press of a button.
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PRODUCTION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
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PRESHREDDING
• Tough • High shredding performance • Variable particle size through cutting gap adjustment
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• Hydraulic drive with constant power control and stepless speed adjustment, or
Terminator
• Mechanical direct drive with two-speed reversing gearbox
A tough preshredder Preshredding brings the input material to a consistent particle size and prevents overlengths that might cause problems farther on. Robustness and resistance to contraries are very important in preshredding. The Terminator’s special tooth geometries and innovative tooth mounting help it meet these requirements perfectly. Stepless cutting gap adjustment allows sizing of the output for its intended purpose. A narrow cutting gap shreds the input material more thoroughly, in which case the Terminator functions as a midlevel
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shredder to produce a high proportion of furnace-ready fuel fraction. If another size is desired, the gap can be opened up or a different shredding drum used. Drive can be hydraulic or mechanical. The hydraulic version has constant power control and stepless shaft speed adjustment, while the mechanical version uses atwo-speed reversing gearbox.
separation
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production of refuse derived fuels
• Wide range of input materials - commercial waste, production waste, packaging waste, bulky refuse • Adjustable separation limit
ballistor
• High resistance to contraries
Ballistic separator
• Long life, low operating costs
Separation removes contraries from the shredded waste stream. The Ballistor does this in a compact unit with low operating costs and without needing costly dust-removal facilities. Rotating screen elements separate out the twodimensional, three-dimensional and fine fractions. The two-dimensional fraction consists of flat, narrow pieces, which are cleaned as they pass over the moving screen elements. Free of contraries and with high heat value, they move on to fine shredding.
The three-dimensional fraction consists of hard, heavy, cubic pieces. The motion of the screen elements cause them to roll down and out of the fuel fraction. After removal of recyclable materials (metal, hard plastics, PET) the remainder of the rolling fraction goes back in a cycle to the Terminator for shredding and ends up in the screen fraction of the Ballistor.
• Low air movement for low dust production
The holes in the screen elements allow the fines to drop out of the material stream on its way up. Thus, the Ballistor acts both as a screen and separator.
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PRODUCTION OF REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
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FINE SHREDDING
• Low rotor speed, for low noise, dust and vibration • Continuous material feed for consistently low power consumption • Fast tool change system for minimal down time • Swing-away counter-cutter carrier for excellent service access
rasor Energy-efficient fine shredding The Rasor fine-shreds the material to furnace-ready fuel. The material, now free of contraries, is fed steadily to the rotor by three screws. The power consumption of the machine is correspondingly even. Cutters pull through the material in a closed shredding compartment. The rotor runs at a moderate 150 rpm, with high throughput.
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The cutters can be turned repeatedly, and routine cutting gap adjustment is quick and easy. Depending on the screen basket chosen, the fuel size can run from 60 mm diameter down to 30 mm premium blow-in RDF, or even 10 mm fuel for coal-fired power plants.
POST-SCREENING
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production of refuse derived fuels
• High performance maximum use of space • Fast, simple particle size adjustment • Patented "Cleanstar" cleaning system
multistar
• Low energy requirements and low operating costs
High-performance post-screening The fine-shredded material goes to a Multistar for screening. This star screener is a kind of “policeman”, catching any last overlengths and assuring the quality of the fuel. Doing the same thing with the fine shredder alone would mean more shredding passes, leading to unnecessarily high energy costs as well as excessive friction. The star screener uses much less energy to do the same job.
It also takes very little space. Often, it is simply placed over the fuel hopper, taking no more room than a conveyor would. The highly effective, patented "Cleanstar" system cleans the stars as the machine works, so the maintenance effort is insignificant and the screen works very reliably. The overlengths go either to another RDF batch of a larger particle size, or back to the fine shredder.
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PRODUCTION OF Aufbereitung von Ersatzbrennstoffen REFUSE DERIVED FUELS
RDF PRODUCTION PLANTS
• Sizes for industrial-scale three-shift operations to small single-shift plants • Supplemented by proven components from wellknown manufacturers • Conveyors, sorting, steel construction, exhaust-air cleaning • Top-quality fuels
THE ENTIRE SYSTEM Integration of all components Komptech is a central component vendor for builders and operators of RDF production plants, supplying pre- and post-shredders, screeners for coarse and fine screening, and ballistic separators for contrary removal.
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We also develop and supply entire systems of connected and linked machines. Komptech has the expertise and capacity to fit out RDF plants with system solutions, from input to finished refusederived fuel.
TYPES OF RDF
production of refuse derived fuels
Classic premium calciner • Classic RDF for industrial fluidized-bed combustion systems • Premium RDF for primary combustion in rotary kilns for the cement industry
THE ENTIRE RANGE Classic and more Classic, premium, and calciner RDF are just three of the types of refusederived fuel made around the world with Komptech technology. Classic and calciner RDF are made by shredding, separating and screening. Premium RDF adds an additional fine-shredding step. The flexibility of the components in Komptech RDF production plants makes it possible to configure them for exactly
the type of fuel desired, and also adjust them for new types and qualities of fuel.
• Calciner RDF for calciner kilns for the cement industry • Furnace RDF for the steel industry • Power-plant RDF for coal fired power plants • Low RDF for waste incinerators
Our customers must supply their customers with fuel that meets those customers’ specifications. Komptech provides the technology to do it. Whether stone, metal or overlengths, no contraries are left in the end product, and fuels come out in top quality.
Technology for a better environment
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Technology for a better environment
Komptech GmbH Kühau 37, A - 8130 Frohnleiten [t] +43 3126 505-0 [f] +43 3126 505-505 [e] info@komptech.com
Komptech UK Ltd. Forge End, Lodge Farm Kineton Warwickshire, CV35 0JH [t] +44 1926 64 29 72 [f] +44 1926 64 29 71 [e] info.uk@komptech.com
www.komptech.com We reserve the right to make technical changes in the course of ongoing development.
E2011