Knowledge Exchange for Resilience
Annual Report
2018
Share. Discover. Solve. Table of Contents 1
Introducing our director
14
Towards measurable impact
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What is the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience?
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KER milestones
4
Background and outlook
18
Event highlight
6
Partnership highlight
20
Leadership and core team
8
Research highlight
21
Sponsors and knowledge partners
10
Engagement highlight
12
What we’ve learned so far
Introducing our Director A global leader in social sciences and driver of innovation
Elizabeth Wentz KER director and principal investigator Elizabeth Wentz is a global leader in the social sciences and a driver of innovation at ASU. Wentz joined ASU’s Department of Geography as an assistant professor in 1997, after receiving her PhD from Pennsylvania State University and her master’s and bachelor’s degrees from The Ohio State University. Since then, she has applied cutting edge data science to research on CO2, land use and land cover, and residential water use. She has also championed the use of geographic information science (GIS) technologies to better understand urban environments. In addition to being appointed by President Crow as KER’s director, Wentz serves as the dean of social sciences in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and as a professor in the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, where she teaches GIS, geodesign and planning.
It was under her leadership that the School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning developed its bachelor’s degree in GIS, the first of its kind. Wentz dove deeper into applied research with the Decision Center for a Desert City (DCDC), a research unit within the Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation. Her time at the DCDC taught Wentz about the power of information sharing and knowledge exchange, as well as the way a boundary spanning organization operates. Her expertise in bringing data analytics and visualization to the social sciences and her passion for sharing knowledge across disciplines made Wentz an ideal fit for leading KER. “A university can provide the convening power to pull organizations out of their silos, can provide the research support to channel energy toward new solutions, and the analytics and science needed to better understand the vulnerabilities,” she says.
“I continue to be impressed by the knowledge and insight from the people around me. We need to press forward and exchange knowledge to solve complex problems. — E LIZAB ETH WE NTZ DI R ECTOR AN D PR I NCI PAL I NVESTIGATOR
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What is the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience? Convening community and university leaders to create data-driven solutions for heat resilience. During a one-week stretch in June 2017, the average high temperature of Phoenix was 113 degrees, peaking at 119 on June 20. On four days of that week the temperature never dropped below 90, even in the dead of night. Not surprisingly, 2017 saw the greatest number of heat-related deaths in Maricopa County at 155. Science suggests summer temperatures will continue to rise, threatening individuals’ health, well-being and economic security, particularly affecting older adults and families with children. It is what we do in the face of this long-term stressor that will make a difference for the communities most affected. One thing we plan to do is to strengthen our community resilience. Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust and Arizona State University share a core belief in the value of and the need for a community resilience framework
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capable of adapting to the changes of the 21st century. Supported by a $15 million grant, we have formed the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience (KER). This initiative will work to build community resilience in the face of social and economic stresses. By embedding in the communities of Maricopa County and tapping the expertise of research scientists, citizen scientists, community members and partner organizations, we envision a community resource destined to collectively address pressing issues and needs, fostering positive change and building resilience. KER’s prototype phase tracked people’s exposure to heat and the strategies they use to survive the 110-degree days and 90-plus-degree nights through a citizen science project called HeatMappers. We studied communities that include people who struggle to make ends meet and
“This grant allows us to build a boundary-spanning organization that sits with one foot in the university and one foot in the community, where everybody can get engaged in working together to solve the questions of how to be most resilient.” — Michael M. Crow, ASU President who have to decide, on a daily basis, if they can afford to turn on the air conditioning. Through sampling the heat exposure of roughly 70 people who live in Phoenix — HeatMappers data helped us assess the strategies they use at the individual level to survive the heat, and find the gaps that exist at the community level that may impede safety and well-being. Local governments of Maricopa County and organizations like AZCEND, the Salvation Army and the Utility
Assistance Network partnered with us on this project. The Knowledge Exchange for Resilience works to bring everyone together across all sectors to make the community more resilient. A unique power resides within the “knowledge exchange.” It provides the opportunity for community members to be partners in every stage — from identifying issues to data collection, decision making and implementation.
Featured article
Michael M. Crow President Arizona State University
The combination of information, knowledge, diverse viewpoints and open discussion will powerfully enhance the collective ability to make informed decisions and plan for the community’s future. Change is constant, but it doesn’t have to be devastating. Change can, in fact, strengthen our communities, provided we are prepared for it.
Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust gained regional recognition for their resilience efforts from Philanthropy Southwest. Their partnership with ASU to launch KER was featured in the article: Piper Trust and Arizona State University Launch the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience—a $15 Million Initiative to Help Strengthen Maricopa County’s Community Resilience Available at tinyurl.com/kjv3rbef
Mary Jane Rynd President and CEO Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
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Where we
started...
The Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is the visionary culmination of a series of initiatives by the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust to build resilience in Maricopa County. In 2015, the Trust joined with the Institute for Sustainable Communities (ISC) — alongside agencies, private and social profit organizations, and individuals — to create the Advancing Community Resilience Partnership. By tapping the strengths of existing relationships and fostering new collaborations, the partnership aimed to collectively address pressing issues and community needs — ultimately helping build Maricopa County’s community resilience. The Trust and ISC convened a series of interviews, focus groups, and workshops on the topic of community resilience. The Trust wanted to learn firsthand from the community about regional efforts underway aimed at building resilience in our nonprofit community and social sectors. More than 200 individuals representing arts and culture, social services, healthcare, education, philanthropy, the private sector, and local and state government shared their perspectives, ideas, and candor; the contributions from these various dialogues were the impetus for the report Building Community Resilience in Maricopa County.
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“We believe that building community resilience is a journey rather than a destination; it is an ongoing discipline rather than a desired future state. Resilient communities periodically assess progress in addressing vulnerabilities and look to identify new ones as the world changes.” — EXCE R PT FROM “B U I LDI NG R ESI LI E NCE I N MAR ICOPA COU NTY”
As we conclude Year 0 — and with it, our prototype phase — KER is looking ahead to how we can scale our impact to the rest of the university. As a boundary spanning organization, we are demonstrating how to build community infrastructure and break down silos between sectors. The graphic to the right illustrates how we aim to introduce this new design characteristic of the New American University and become a model for the nation.
“We believe that we’ve done a poor job in the past of being integrated in our thinking, thinking about the future, designing the future. We’ve just been discovering, discovering, discovering. We’ve got to move past that. What we really need to do is change our design logic.” — M ICHAE L M. CROW, PR ESI DE NT AR IZONA STATE U N IVE R SITY
...where we’re
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Partnership Highlight Leveraging data and multisector collaboration to reduce health impacts from heat. “Over a hundred people a year die in Maricopa Country from heat-related problems,” says Chuck Redman, co-director of the Healthy Urban Environments Initiative (HUE) and founding director of ASU’s School of Sustainability. “No one has to die from heat — this isn’t something we don’t have a cure for.” While we may have cures for heat-related illness, administering them amidst rising temperatures and increasing energy costs has proven challenging. Like KER, HUE is taking a collaborative, data-driven approach to fostering heat resilience in Maricopa County. “This project is all about bringing people from diverse approaches together to talk with the practitioners who are out trying to make a difference in communities,” says Redman. Both budding initiatives at ASU, HUE and KER are using complementary strategies that hold great promise for developing larger collaborations in the future. As HUE started focusing on partnerships with municipalities to address the challenge of urban heat, KER has begun this work by engaging nonprofits like Salvation Army and many others. The two initiatives will be working closely, sharing insights, and co-funding joint activities to bring these sectors together around solutions.
We soon realized that their data could help us identify leverage points for change, an opportunity to reduce families’ burdens in accessing resources to stay resilient. Our analysts then optimized their intake system, reorganizing the locations of where people went for interviews by using addresses instead of zip codes. “It was informative, but more importantly it allowed us to minimize the economic toll — travel, childcare, being vulnerable in the heat — for our population,” notes Thornton. Optimizing the intake system has the potential to save residents 30% in travel time to appointments and 32% in related transportation costs. “It really moved our whole program in a way that allowed us to be data-informed, to really look at the trends and to have that pathway of support if we had some deep, dirty data that we had to navigate through,” says Thornton. Following this work, Thornton worked with KER to draft our first community co-authored paper, Articulating strategies to address heat resilience using spatial optimization and temporal analysis of utility assistance data of the Salvation Army Metro Phoenix.
“Nonprofits historically have always leveraged data to help move the mission, but many are limited in regards to their ability to interpret these insights, outside of what you would provide to a funder,” says Jowan Thornton, director of social services for Salvation Army’s Southwest Headquarters. Thornton and his team provided KER with data on where those applying for utility assistance live and where they need to travel to submit applications and be interviewed for the assistance. Our research team spent many hours together with their crew, observing and discussing the systems and what the data represented.
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Jowan Thornton Salvation Army
Chuck Redman Healthy Urban Environments
“I was just so excited to be in a space where ideas were being shared and that there was the psychological safety to actually talk about the things we see as service providers and to have that be validated and listened to.” — JOWAN THOR NTON, DI R ECTOR OF SOCIAL SE RVICES, SALVATION AR MY SOUTHWEST DIVISIONAL H EADQUARTE R S
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Meet our Executive Director Patricia Solís, PhD, is an associate research professor in ASU’s School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning with expertise in the use of participatory geospatial technologies for humanitarian, environment and development needs. Solís is also co-founder and director of YouthMappers, a consortium of student-led humanitarian mapping chapters at hundreds of university campuses in more than sixty countries.
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Research Highlight More than 80 organizations provide utility assistance in Maricopa County, but with rising temperatures and energy costs, need far outstrips available resources. Making this system more efficient and effective can mean the difference between life and death for our most vulnerable residents. During our prototype project, we exchanged data with 30 organizations in Maricopa County including AZCEND, Salvation Army, Utility Assistance Network, SRP, ASU’s Healthy Urban Environments Initiative (HUE), Maricopa County Public Health Department, Mesa Fire and Medical Department, and other agencies that are concerned about heat exposure. To better understand heat vulnerability and utility assistance in our county, cross-cutting design scholar Shauna BurnSilver conducted a social network analysis. Her framework will prototype an approach for KER to promote understanding of social cohesion and social capital dimensions of community resilience. This knowledge is critical in order to mobilize stakeholders for building responses to shocks and stresses in the future. BurnSilver, an associate professor in ASU’s School of Human Evolution and Social Change, has collected feedback on her framework from the Utility Assistance Network, analyzed utility assistance network relationships, and will survey growth and change in the organizational network over the coming years.
Harnessing social network analysis to improve heat resilience of the county’s most vulnerable.
Upon closer examination, Solís found that mobile homes made up a majority of these underserved areas, revealing a blind spot in the network. This discovery prompted KER to conduct research focusing specifically on utility bill burden and utility assistance in zip codes with large proportions of mobile home communities. We discovered that mobile home residents are falling between the gaps of services, since they are not eligible for LiHEAP assistance. Other programs like tree shade are not relevant either, so they are disproportionately affected by heatrelated deaths. Our findings mean that targeted intervention efforts could address these gaps in service. Such efforts contribute to meeting KER’s mission of building community resilience, help inform the design of our knowledge exchange at ASU, and will continue to serve as an important domain of future collaborative research.
Shauna BurnSilver ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change
As part of this work, Executive Director Patricia Solís led members of the KER team and members of ASU’s new YouthMappers chapter in mapping the assistance network’s constituents. From this visualization, we noticed a gap in coverage. The map shows an area in Mesa affected by high rates of indoor heat deaths but with low participation in utility assistance programs.
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Engagement Highlight Citizen scientists map experiences of heat on Phoenix streets.
More than 40 volunteers, 10 organizations and one micro-climate sensing robot took to the streets this September for the HeatMappers Walk. Temperature sensors and recorders in hand, citizen scientists braved triple-digit temperatures to map a collective experience of heat in Phoenix’s Edison-Eastlake neighborhood, one of the city’s least shaded and most exposed areas. In addition to raising awareness of the need for addressing urban heat, the event also gathered data that was used to run simulations for municipal Heat Action Plans and to create a baseline for thermal comfort in the neighborhood. Kids from the neighborhood received ASU swag and information about staying cool, as they marked on a neighborhood map places where they noticed it was cooler or hotter. The HeatMappers Walk was organized by The Nature Conservancy in collaboration with KER, ASU’s Urban Climate Research Center, Museum of Walking, Phoenix Revitalization Corporation and City of Phoenix.
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What we’ve learned so far Members of KER’s team will present results from our prototype study this winter at the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Conference. We will present them to the scientific officers from Senators McSally and Sinema’s offices next spring in Washington, D.C.
ActivityLog - HeatMappers: A Novel Research Data Collection Tool for Logging Activities, Locations and Environmental Data
Printing:
Dhrumil Shah, Qunshan Zhao, Ziqi Li, Heather Fischer, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth A. Wentz Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University Introduction
Phone Activity Log versus Paper Activity Log
ActivityLog is a general mobile phone application that helps urban climate researchers and social scientists study spatio-temporal dynamics of human interaction with urban environments. Data collected through ActivityLog are timestamped, geo-referenced, and easily paired up with air temperature and relative humidity sensors such as Kestrel Drop (a Bluetooth enabled environmental data logger). Specifically, ActivityLog - HeatMappers is designed to support the development of the HeatMappers Citizen Science project, which attempts to understand the heat vulnerable population in Maricopa County, Arizona.
Phone ActivityLog: 9 volunteers from American Express Phoenix Office participated in our HeatMappers-ActivityLog pilot study during August 2018. Each of them was asked to download the ActivityLog mobile application and carried one Kestrel Drop device for recording climate data. The study period is from August 13 to August 25, 2018. There are 486 activity logs from the app (54 logs in average), and all are associated with time and location. Among the 486 activity logs, 365 logs (75%) are indoor logs and 121 logs (25%) are outdoor logs. Only 54% of the logs have climate data from Kestrel Drop because of the Bluetooth distance restriction (15m). The majority of the activity logs (85%) were located at “home”, “work” and “transit” (Figure 2).
ActivityLog Functionalities
• The App notifies users in a preset hour interval (every two hours from 8am-8pm, etc.) to take a quick check-in about where they are and what they are doing. • It periodically collects users’ locations at a certain pre-defined time interval (10 minutes). Smart phones use built-in GPS, cellular network and Wi-Fi to determine both outdoor and indoor locations accurately. • It can be paired with a Kestrel Drop device to inform users about current temperature, relative humidity and heat stress index, and it also logs environmental data to pair with location information. • It contains a link to the ASU HeatMappers survey on a Qualtrics platform. • All collected data are synced with a cloud database that is able to help researchers monitor data collection progress in real-time.
Figure 2. Activity Logs Breakdown by Category for mobile phone users.
Figure 3. Activity Logs Breakdown by Category for paper users.
Paper ActivityLog: 59 volunteers who receive utility assistance from the Salvation Army and the AZCend participated in our paper-based HeatMappers pilot study from July to September, 2018. Each of the volunteers carried one Kestrel Drop device and one GPS device, but used a paper-based ActivityLog. There are 1565 activity logs collected on paper (36 logs on average). We match all the logs with Kestrel Drops and GPS devices based on the log time. Only 27% of the logs have location data from GPS device because of the low indoor GPS accuracy and GPS battery limitation . The majority of the activity logs (75%) were located at “home”, “work”, and “transit” (Figure 3). Heat Stress Index Comparison
A consistent higher temperature and heat stress index was observed in the outdoor environment for Amex users, except for “shopping” categories. “Exercise” is a category that needs further attention because there is a 20 degree Fahrenheit difference and it may cause outdoor heat stress. At the end of the data collection, participants were instructed to complete a survey of 64 questions to gather demography information, heat related concerns, and awareness of utility assistance programs. We asked 47 multiple choice questions and 17 text input questions. The completeness of the survey with smart phones is 92%, and with paper logs, 74%.
• Data collected: Location, time, temperature, relative humidity, heat stress index, human activity. Figure 1. HeatMappersActivityLog Mobile Application Interface.
Generally, we observe higher outdoor temperatures compared to indoor temperatures. However, volunteers who receive utility assistance experienced higher temperature at home, which warrants further study.
ActivityLog - HeatMappers: A Novel Research Data Collection
This poster is 48” wide by 36” high. It’s designed to be printed on a large
Tool for Logging Activities, Locations and Environmental Data Dhrumil Shah, Qunshan Zhao, Ziqi Li, Heather Fischer, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz
Figure 4. Heat Stress Index for Paper Activity Log Categories.
We developed a tool to collect data on where people are and what they
Figure 5. Heat Stress Index for Phone Activity Log Categories.
Discussion and Conclusions
are doing when they experience extreme heat. Tests indicate that this is a
ActivityLog is a mobile phone platform that integrates location and time tracking via smart phones, physical climatological sensing via Kestrel Drops, and digital activity log components. The data collected via ActivityLog has higher locational accuracy, log completeness, and environmental sensing effectiveness. The tool can help researchers better understand how human activities interact with urban thermal environment and inform planning policy development and deeper insight about change in human behavior and log accuracy while performing the log activity using the mobile phone over paper. Future studies will compare deeper analyses of content results from paper-based activity logs and ActivityLog mobile platform users.
far easier way to collect activity data that can inform prevention solutions.
Acknowledgements
Available at tinyurl.com/28kzsskw
The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
App Downloads
Empirical Modeling and Spatial Analysis of Heat-Related Morbidity in Maricopa County, Arizona Chuyuan Wang, Raad Alnefaie, Qunshan Zhao, Calvin Higgins, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University INTRODUCTION Maricopa County, Arizona experiences extremely hot temperatures in the summer that can have a negative impact on the health of its residents and visitors. Morbidity from environmental heat in the summer is therefore a significant public health problem in Maricopa County, especially because it is largely preventable. Figure 1 below shows the distribution of indoor heat-related deaths and utility assistance beneficiaries in Maricopa County between 2012 and 2016. Research has identified that the populations most at risk of heat-related morbidity are the urban poor and elderly (Johnson and Wilson, 2009). The effects on the elderly and urban poor are related to the urban environmental conditions and socio-economic status. Harlan et al. (2012) found that urban neighborhoods of lower income experience more deaths in heat-related events when compared to higher income neighborhoods with cooler microclimates in Phoenix, Arizona. Vulnerability to extreme heat also stems from the lack of higher education and lower educational attainment (O’Neill et al., 2009). Research has also development mitigation strategies to reduce urban heat, such as increasing allocation of green spaces, water bodies and high albedo surfaces which will create a cooler microclimate (Hajat et al., 2010). The objective of this study is to examine the spatial pattern of heat-related morbidity in Maricopa County between 2012 and 2016. The demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors and environmental variables are also examined to understand their impacts on heat-related morbidity in Maricopa County.
DATA AND METHODS • Heat-related morbidity data between 2012 and 2016 were acquired from Maricopa County Department of Public Health by census tract (Figure 2). • Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS Level-1 products that include surface reflectance, brightness temperature, vegetation indices, etc. were acquired from USGS. All the summer images (June, July, August and September) between 2013 and 2016 were downloaded and processed. • NLCD 2011 percent tree canopy and percent developed imperviousness images were acquired from USGS. • 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-year estimates were acquired from the U.S. Census Bureau by census tract.
• Independent variables Socio-demographic: total population, population aged 5 and younger, population aged 65 and older, race, ethnicity, educational attainment, English proficiency, income level, population with a disability, and vehicle ownership. All socio-demographic variables are standardized by the total population to create percentage values. Housing: number of housing units, median home value, housing occupancy rate, and number of mobile homes. Physical environment: land surface temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), surface reflectance, impervious surface percentage, and tree cover percentage. All the physical environment variables are derived from remotely sensed satellite images. • Dependent variable: percentage of heat-related morbidity (standardized by total population) • The dependent variable was analyzed against all the independent variables using ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis with stepwise selection method. • Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) technique (Fotheringham et al., 2017) was then used to explore spatially varying relationships between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS: OLS REGRESSION 𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = 0.181 × 𝑃𝑃𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 0.415 × 𝑃𝑃𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎65 + 0.448 × 𝑃𝑃𝑏𝑏150𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 + 0.317 × 𝑃𝑃𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 +0.092 × 𝑃𝑃𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 0.108 × 𝑃𝑃𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 −0.126 × 𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 + 0.148 × 𝑃𝑃𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 + 0.065 × 𝑃𝑃𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 + 𝜀𝜀
The MGWR model shows a significant improvement in goodness-of-fit (adj. R2=0.595) than the global model (adj. R2=0.436), which means spatial heterogeneity is an important factor that influences the model. Table 3 shows the summary of MGWR local parameter estimates, and Table 4 is the MGWR model diagnostic information. Among these 9 independent variables selected by the global model, percent of income below 150% FPL (bandwidth = 43, Figure 3) and percent of population with no vehicle (bandwidth = 439, Figure 4) tend to have stronger local effects than other variables. We found that poverty level has strong positive influences on heat-related morbidity rate in Glendale, downtown Mesa, east Mesa, and southwest Chandler. Percent of population with no vehicle has strong positive influences in the east valley in Mesa and Gilbert. All the other variables are considered as a global variable that does not exert significant local influences. In the global model NDVI and percent of white non-Hispanic both have significant positive effects, while the relationship is found no longer significant in MGWR model in any census tract after taking the multiple testing issues in MGWR into consideration (da Silva and Fotheringham, 2016).
REFERENCES Fotheringham, A.S., Yang, W., & Kang, W. (2017). Multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR). Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 107(6), 1247-1265. da Silva, A.R., & Fotheringham, A.S. (2016). The multiple testing issue in geographically weighted regression. Geographical Analysis, 48(3), 233247. Harlan, S.L., Declet-Barreto, J.H., Stefanov, W.L., & Petitti, D.B. (2012). Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(2), 197-204. Johnson, D.P., & Wilson, J.S. (2009). The socio-spatial dynamics of extreme urban heat events : The case of heat-related deaths in Philadelphia. Applied Geography, 29(3), 419–434. O’Neill, M.S., Carter, R., Kish, J.K., Gronlund, C.J., White-Newsome, J.L., Manarolla, X., Zanobetti, A., & Schwartz, J.D. (2009). Preventing heatrelated morbidity and mortality: New approaches in a changing climate. Maturitas, 64, 98–103. Hajat, S., & Kosatky, T. (2010). Heat-related mortality: a review and exploration of heterogeneity. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 64(9), 753-760.
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Intercept
0.448
0.056
8.020
0.000 4.996
0.317
0.044
7.139
0.000 3.160
0.050
-8.374
0.000 3.940
Intercept
5.150
0.000 1.319
Standardized Standard t-statistic p-value VIF Coefficients Error
0.148
0.029
-0.108
0.032
3.377
0.001 1.631
0.092
0.034
2.738
0.006 1.803
-0.126
0.035
-3.622
0.000 1.949
0.181
0.053
3.389
0.001 4.586
0.065
0.031
2.108
0.035 1.519
0.000
0.025
-0.744
0.457
Table 2. Model Summary Standard Error Corrected Akaike information FAdjusted of criterion R2 p-value R2 statistic the Estimate (AICc) 0.442 0.436 0.0013182 78.711 0.000 2062.908
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Table 3. Summary of MGWR Parameter Estimates
-0.415
Table 1. Summary of Global Regression Parameter Estimates
Figure 1. Distribution of indoor heat-related deaths and utility assistance beneficiaries in Maricopa County, Arizona between 2012 and 2016.
Figure 2. Distribution of heat-related morbidity in Maricopa County: 2012-2016.
Variables Percent of income below 150% FPL (Pb150FPL) Percent of population with a disability (Pdisab) Percent of population aged 65 and older (Page65) Surface reflectance (Prefl) Housing occupancy rate (Poccup) Percent of population with no vehicle (Pnovehicle) Median home value (PmedHV) Percent of white nonHispanic (Pwhite) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PNDVI)
The global regression model picks up 9 statistically significant independent variables. Table 1 below shows the summary of regression parameter estimates, and Table 2 is the model summary. OLS regression result suggests that percent of income below 150% FPL, percent of population with a disability, surface reflectance, percent of population with no vehicle, percent of white non-Hispanic, and NDVI have positive effects on heat-related morbidity population percentage, while percent of population aged 65 and older, housing occupancy rate, and median home value have negative effects on heat-related morbidity population percentage in Maricopa County. The model is statistically significant at the 0.01 significance level and can explain about 43.6% of the total variation in heat-related morbidity population percentage.
Percent of income below 150% FPL (Pb150FPL) Percent of population with a disability (Pdisab) Percent of population aged 65 and older (Page65) Surface reflectance (Prefl) Housing occupancy rate (Poccup) Percent of population with no vehicle (Pnovehicle) Median home value (PmedHV) Percent of white non-Hispanic (Pwhite) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (PNDVI)
Morbidity in Maricopa County, Arizona
RESULTS: MULTI-SCALE GEOGRAPHICALLY WEIGHTED REGRESSION (MGWR)
The global regression model is formulated as:
Variables
Empirical Modeling and Spatial Analysis of Heat-Related
-
Adjusted Adjusted Standard Bandwidth t-value significance Mean Min Deviation (95%) (95%)
Max
43
3.342
0.001
0.343
0.265
841
2.220
0.027
0.164
0.047
0.112 0.235
887
2.171
0.030
-0.265
0.029
-0.311 -0.229
898
2.178
0.030
0.087
0.014
0.062 0.131
904
2.040
0.042
-0.105
0.003
-0.108 -0.075
439
2.389
0.017
0.183
0.034
0.024 0.244
904
1.983
0.048
-0.091
0.002
-0.106 -0.089
Figure 4. MGWR local parameter estimates for percent of population with no vehicle. Only statistically significant tracts are shown.
R2 0.632
904
1.983
0.048
0.014
0.001
0.012 0.029
896
2.107
0.035
-0.047
0.005
-0.059 -0.018
168
2.850
0.004
0.037
0.117
-0.367 0.382
Adjusted R2 Residual Sum of Squares 0.595
333.256
Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz
-0.379 1.936
Table 4. Model Diagnostic Information Figure 3. MGWR local parameter estimates for percent of income below 150% FPL. Only statistically significant tracts are shown.
Chuyuan Wang, Raad Alnefaie, Qunshan Zhao, Calvin Higgins,
Heat-associated health effects arise from many factors of vulnerability. This study demonstrates that some factors are only relevant locally, while others are significant at an aggregate level.
Corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) 1846.729
CONCLUSIONS We used OLS regression and MGWR to identify demographic, socio-economic, housing and environmental factors that influence heat-related morbidity in Maricopa County, Arizona. We found that poverty level, disability, vehicle ownership, race/ethnicity, age, housing status, surface reflectance and green spaces have statistically significant relationships with heat-related morbidity rate. Generally, higher heat-related morbidity rates are found in regions with higher percentage of poverty, disability, no vehicle ownership, white non-Hispanic, and those with higher values in surface reflectance and NDVI. On the other hand, lower heat-related morbidity rates are found in tracts with higher values of elderly population percentage, housing occupancy rate, and median home value. Spatial heterogeneity also plays a significant role influencing the relationships. Among these variables, percent of income below 150% FPL and percent of population with no vehicle have much stronger local effects than other variables.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this poster are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Available at tinyurl.com/62xm3ses
Mapping Heat Vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona with the HeatMappers Volunteer Science Program
Mapping Heat Vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona
Maximus Caron, Calvin Higgins, Heather A. Fischer Somers High School, Saint Louis University, Oregon State University
We chose two of our volunteers to highlight for this poster, Francis and Patrick (pseudonyms). These volunteer profiles give insight into the day to day lives of our volunteers and how they mitigate and find relief from the heat.
VOLUNTEER PROFILES
ABSTRACT
METHODOLOGY
With summer temperatures regularly exceeding 100°F, a prevailing risk in Maricopa County is exposure to extreme heat. Extreme heat is a health hazard that is a preventable cause of death and illness. Yet, in the United States, heat ranks as a leading cause of weather-related illness and death. People find relief from the heat in many ways, including cooling stations (public places where people can find water and indoor shelter from the heat), shopping malls, movie theaters, community pools, and friend’s and family’s home.
Additionally we chose two volunteers to profile for this poster, these volunteers profiles highlight the personal experiences of our volunteers and their perception of heat risk and how they deal with heat day to day.
This poster focuses on HeatMappers, a volunteer science project that collects microclimate data (air temperature, relative humidity, and heat stress index), location data, and activities from volunteers and examines heat stress in vulnerable population seeking utility assistance in Maricopa County during summer.
RESULTS We asked volunteers tell us how they find relief from the heat. They were asked if they use publicly available cooling stations and if they leave their home because it is too hot where do they go.
This program was developed by the Knowledge Exchange for Reliance (KER) and launched in June 2018 and continued until September 2018. We examined the activity log and survey data from the HeatMappers program to better understand how people utilized cooling stations and where people find refuge on extreme heat days. We especially are interested in how people who have lived in the Phoenix area longer find heat relief compared to those who are newer to the area.
Elizabeth Wentz, Calvin Higgins Engaging with citizen science volunteers, our team collected data and
Figure 7- Map of Francis’ Activity Log, GPS, and mobile temperature data. Francis participated in the study in early July 2018. This map captures her activities, location, and temperature for three days. Most of her time during these three days was spent at home or at the senior center. The highest temperature she experienced was 39˚C (102˚F) while she was working in her garage at home, the lowest temperature she experienced was 25˚C while she was in her car going to run errands.
HeatMapper volunteers tracked their heat exposure both qualitatively and quantitatively with GPS, temperature and humidity sensors, social surveys, and activity logs (both a paper version and a mobile application). With this knowledge and understanding, we can develop mechanisms to better serve the most heat vulnerable populations.
Volunteers received kits from one of our community partners then begin the 10 day study. They were encouraged to complete an activity log or the mobile application activity log every 2 hours during the day time. They were also encouraged to wear the mobile temperature logger during the day time. The indoor temperature was to be placed in the most used room in the volunteer’s home. At the end of the study period they completed the survey and return the kits.
order to inform our collective understanding of the reality of extreme heat. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Conclusion and Resilience Solutions Figure 5- “If you have left your home because of heat, where did you go?” Most of the volunteer cited that they go to a friends of family members house if they leave their home due to heat. This was a the predominant answer no matter how long they have lived in Phoenix. Another popular place to escape the heat is shopping malls.
Figure 3- HeatMappers volunteer tasks, volunteers picked up the kits from one of our community partners set-up the devices, and filled out the survey.
experiences of Maricopa County residents who seek utility assistance, in
Francis is a single retired Hispanic woman, she has in the Phoenix area for over 11 years. She considers her health risk to heat very serious. She is aware of the Gilbert Senior Center is a cooling station but does not go there to find heat relief. She uses her own car to run errands, go to the movies, and the senior center. she also walks her dog during the day, goes bird watching, and does a lot of cooking at home.
Figure 4- “Are there cooling stations in your neighborhood?” Most of the volunteers did not know if there are cooling stations in their neighborhood. We divided this questions by the numbers of years a volunteer lived in the Phoenix area, we were surprised to see that many of the people who have lived in Phoenix for over 11 years did not know if there were cooling stations in their neighborhood.
Figure 2- HeatMappers volunteer kits, these kits included a survey, activity log, in-home and mobile temperature reader, and a GPS.
with the HeatMappers Volunteer Science Program Grace Valandra, Heather Fischer, Patricia Solis, Qunshan Zhao,
Figure 6- Map of Patrick's Activity Log, GPS, and mobile temperature data. Patrick participated in the study in early September 2018, these data show his location and temperatures for 3 days during the study. The highest temperature he experienced during this time period was 34˚C (93˚F), at this time he was outside exercising the lowest temperature was 26˚C (78˚F) while he was inside his house.
Emergency Cooling Centers are established throughout Maricopa County during extreme heat events for those who do not have access to indoor cool environments. Cooling centers can be community centers, churches, and other community based organizations that provide water and serve as a safe, cool indoor place during the day for refuge from the heat.
Figure 1- The Phoenix Metropolitan area is located in Maricopa County Arizona, USA.
INTRODUCTION
Patrick is a black man who is unable to work, he lives alone and has lived in the Phoenix area for 6-10 years. He feel his health is at risk during extreme heat events. He received support for food, hosing, and rent from community groups. He uses his bike and public transportation to get around. He spends a lot of his time at home, he does yard work and exercises.
Data from the survey were analyzed using simple statistics to understand how volunteers find relief from the heat, we also examined the differences between volunteers who lived in Phoenix long term to those who are newer to the area.
The HeatMappers volunteers find relief from heat in many ways, mainly from utilizing the cooling systems in their homes (ceiling fans of a/c) or going to a friend’s or family member’s home if their own home is too hot. The volunteers generally do not utilize public places like cooling stations in the summer. These results from the HeatMappers survey give KER and our community partners insight into how local Phoenicians find relief from summertime heat, this in turn helps our partners serve the the local community better.
We would like to acknowledge all the volunteers who helped collect data for this project. We would also like to acknowledge all the community partners who helped with facilitating this project.
Available at tinyurl.com/4e5rcyev
The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this poster are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Optimizing and rebalancing heat-related utility assistance provider-client system of the Salvation Army in Phoenix, Arizona
Qunshan Zhaoa, Chelsea Dicksona, Jowan Thorntonb, Sam Gollaa, Patricia Solisa, Elizabeth A. Wentza aKnowledge
Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University bThe Salvation Army Phoenix Family Services Website: resilience.asu.edu Utility Assistance Allocation Timing
Introduction The Phoenix metropolitan area is renowned for its long and hot summers. HVAC is widely used to reduce indoor heat, but the high electric bills (average $200-300 for a median single-family household) become unaffordable for many low-income individuals and families and fixed-income seniors.
The goal of this research is to understand the current status of the heat-related utility assistance system and offer optimized solutions for the spatial distribution of services. To that end, we worked directly with the Salvation Army’s utility assistance provider-client system. This research is a first attempt to understand local configurations of utility assistance status under extreme heat climate, and this research is part of the Knowledge Exchange for Resilience (KER) initiative to share data, analytical skills, and knowledge among community members to improve community resilience in Maricopa County. Utility Assistance Case Distribution Table 1. Monetary Assistance Summary
Year
Number of Total Cases amount 682 $182,187.42
May 2015Apr 2016 May 2016Apr 2017 May 2017Apr 2018
Mean
Min
267.14
0
400
251.76
0
400
$90,759.97
257.84
24.75
509.12
Kroc Center
Phoenix Family Services
Phoenix Central Corps
May 2015-Apr 2016 May 2016-Apr 2017 May 2017-Apr 2018
Maryvale Corps
Phoenix Citadel Corps
96
186
191
113
96
682
208
41
243
100
40
632
255
97
0
0
0
352
We observed an obvious monetary assistance decrease from the year of 2015-2016 (682 cases) to the year of 2017-2018 (352 cases). In addition, the Salvation Army had to close three of their assistance centers (Phoenix Central Corps, Maryvale Corps, and Phoenix Citadel Corps) due to budget cut and staff operational costs. Contact Information
Please send comments and questions to: qszhao@asu.edu
Average client Total gas cost mileage travel for clients ($0.15/miles)
Total client driving time (hours)
Average client driving time (minutes)
Zipcode based 4598.60 assignment
7.28
$689.79
93.0
8.4
Address based 3102.67 assignment
4.91
$465.40
63.8
6
Savings
32.5%
$224.39
29.2
31.4%
1495.93
provider-client system of the Salvation Army in Phoenix, Arizona Qunshan Zhao, Chelsea Dickson, Jowan Thornton, Sam Golla, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz
The presentation of these findings sparked a fruitful conversation with the Salvation Army staff as well as the broader utility assistance network of organizations. They had been unaware on an aggregate basis of how many qualified cases they were having to turn away, and how far their clients travel to participate in the interview. Beyond simply needing more money to assist more cases, an immediate tactic within the purview of providers is to improve the overall operational efficiency of the utility assistance system.
Zip-code versus Address-based Referrals
Total
Total client mileage travel
Table 3 shows how the address-based client assignment method can improve overall system efficiency. During May 2016 to April 2017, an address-based assignment method would have saved clients 1495.93 driving miles and 29.2 driving hours for 632 clients over the current zip code-based referral approach. The average client mileage traveled would be reduced from 7.28 miles/client to 4.91 miles/client (a 32.5% savings) and the average client driving time reduced from 8.4 minutes to 6 minutes (a 31.4% savings). Discussion and Implications
The Salvation Army had divided their annual SHARE funds (utility assistance funding from local utility assistance companies’ donations) into twelve equal amounts that became the budget for each month. However, the number of households requesting utility assistance varied greatly across the calendar year. The resulting pattern shows months like March where only two households were turned away while during months like August, they had to turn away 447 families.
Max
$159,109.83
352
Table 2. Case Distribution Summary Year
Figure 1. Current monthly budget distribution and monthly qualified cases of the Salvation Army.
Figure 2. Caseload of the Salvation Army utility assistance program
632
Optimizing and rebalancing heat-related utility assistance
Client Saving from Spatial Optimization Table 3. Client travel efficiency optimization for May 2016-April 2017 Client Assignment methods
We conducted a spatial analysis that optimizes the way that utility assistance services can be provided, saving residents as much as 30%
Our findings and subsequent discussions solidified the importance of considering both the “when” as much as the “where” of utility assistance distribution if it is to be done most effectively and to the greatest benefit. The seasonality and locations of both the demand for utility assistance, and the magnitude of health risks as a consequence of its unavailability, must be key components of informing both tactical and strategic decisions around the distribution of utility assistance throughout the year and across the service area.
(a) Zip code-based assignment.
(a) Address-based assignment. Figure 3. Client assignment optimization (May 2016 – Apr 2017).
in time and cost of travel to receive funding during extreme heat months.
Acknowledgements
The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this presentation are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Currently, the Salvation Army requires an in-person interview for utility assistance applicants. They assign their clients based on the zip code. To improve operational efficiency, we reassigned all of the clients based on their physical addresses and shortest driving distance to the Salvation Army service locations as a P-Median problem. For the sake of the analysis, we conservatively assumed all the clients drove to the service locations based on the shortest path on the road network in Phoenix metropolitan area.
Available at tinyurl.com/4bfszu5e
Survey Analysis for Perceived Health Risk and Indoor
Survey Analysis for Perceived Health Risk and Indoor Temperature in Typical Summer Heat in Maricopa County, Arizona
Temperature in Typical Summer Heat in Maricopa County, Arizona
Calvin Higgins, Sakina Alblooshi, Chuyuan Wang, Ahmed Altaf Tambe, Wei Luo, Trinity Donovan*, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University and AZCEND* INTRODUCTION
Q: Are you ever too hot in your home during the summer?
Calvin Higgins, Sakina Alblooshi, Chuyuan Wang, Ahmed Altaf Tambe,
Typical summer heat poses major health threats for residents of Maricopa County, Arizona, which is one of the hottest areas in the United States. The HeatMappers volunteer survey conducted in summer 2018 aimed to understand the social and health consequences of this prolonged and profound heat for economically vulnerable people who have difficulty paying utilities. This presentation pays specific attention to core questions from the survey that ask about perceived health risk and indoor temperatures in typical summer heat in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Answers are analyzed according to various social and demographic factors of the volunteers, and the meaning of these results are interpreted in collaboration with them as “citizen scientists”.
Wei Luo, Trinity Donovan, Patricia Solís, Elizabeth Wentz
SURVEY ANALYSES AND RESULTS
Q: Please rate the seriousness of health risks for you in typical summer temperatures.
Figure 7
Figure 2
Figure 1
Figure 9
While 75% of respondents in this study reported feeling too hot during
Figure 6
• >77% survey respondents at least sometimes feel hot at home during the summer (Figure 6). • 74% responded “no” or “I don’t know” cooling stations in their neighborhood (Figure 7). Figure 8 • >77% never go to a cooling station even though they feel hot at home (Figure 8). • 63% don’t go to a neighborhood park even though they feel hot at home (Figure 9). • >55% never applied for or didn’t know utility assistance programs even though they feel hot at home (Figure 10).
Figure 3
the summer, the same number were unaware of nearby cooling centers Figure 10
DISCUSSION WITH CITIZEN SCIENTISTS AT AZCEND Citizen scientists and volunteers from AZCEND helped us make sense of survey data and results. We had a broad discussion with our citizen scientists on topics about risk perception, health behavior, age effect, climate change, and other topics. The pictures on the left show our meeting at their community office on February 21.
Figure 5
Figure 4
CONCLUSIONS
• 50% have serious health risk perceptions in typical summer heat (Figure 1). • Perceived summer health risk increases as age increases (Figure 2). • People with higher educational attainment tend to have lower perceived summer health risk (Figure 3). • The longer one lives in Maricopa County, the lower one perceives summer health risk (Figure 4). • People in the workforce tend to have lower perceived risk than the unemployed/retired (Figure 5).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We appreciate the many volunteers and citizen scientists that made this research possible. The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this poster are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Dzyuban, Y.1, Messerschmidt, M.2, Fischer, H.3*, Ellsworth, A.4, Solis, P.5, Vanos, J.1,6, Middel, A.7, Hondula, D.6 1 School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 2 The Nature Conservancy, Arizona 3 Center for Research on Lifelong STEM Learning, Oregon State University, School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 7 School of Arts Media and Engineering, Arizona State University
4
School of Art, Arizona State University
5
Knowledge Exchange for Resilience, Arizona State University,
6
The People’s Map At the end of the walk route, there was a tent with a large format map of the neighborhood in which the route takes place. Respondents were invited from among all of the participating walkers as well as any resident community members who pass by the tent.
Field Guides Each participant received a paper “field guide” for the walk before entering the course. The field guide contained a short questionnaire to be completed while on the course at designated check points.
METHODOLOGY Participant and volunteer recruitment was completed via public advertising by the Nature Conservancy, Museum of Walking, and ASU. Advertising channels included organizational websites, social media, and in-person announcements at relevant meetings convened by each organization. Students were invited to participate as walkers, runners, bikers, or volunteers (handing out water, snacks, routes, etc.). All participants were required to have health insurance. A total of 22 walkers participated in the study.
There were 7 check points on the route. At each check point participants responded to 5-7 questions in the field guide. The field guide was also used to collect basic demographic information, risk perceptions associated with heat and sun exposure and clothing conditions.
Respondents were given color stickers and asked to mark on the map: Where do you notice something interesting that shows the cultural character of this place?
These data collected from the community members will complement ongoing data collection in the neighborhood. Combining the environmental, health, and human perception data will allow the project partners to better understand the heat exposure and drivers of thermal (dis)comfort in the neighborhood prior to the reshaping process.
Where do you feel “out of place”? Where do you feel happy, connected, or energized?
The event started with participant registration at 3:30pm at Edison Park and concluded by 6 p.m. There were several tents showcasing organizations with information about urban heat, showcasing scientific equipment, and participant registration
Edison-Eastlake is a focal point for this project because the neighborhood will undergo significant renovation under a Housing and Urban Development “Choice Neighborhoods Implementation Grant”. Assessing and improving the neighborhood resilience to extreme heat is one factor being considered during this reshaping process.
Combining the environmental, health, and human perception data will allow the project partners to better understand the heat exposure and drivers of thermal (dis)comfort in the neighborhood prior to the reshaping process.
Available at tinyurl.com/brsp5zap
a case study on blazing trails in volunteer science to inform policy and practice Yuliya Dzyuban, Maggie Messerschmidt, Heather Fischer, Angela Ellsworth, Patricia Solís, Jennifer Vanos, Ariane Middel, David Hondula
Mark a place on the map where you like to hang out.
Community engaged events collected thermal comfort data as residents
INTRODUCTION
During the Heat Mappers event, volunteers walked a predetermined 4k loop, and filled out a field guide questionnaire which asked them to record their thermal comfort and other perceptions at a series of stops. Twelve of the participants wore GPS devices, along with heart rate, air temperature, and ultraviolet radiation exposure monitors. This select group of volunteers also participated in walking interviews. These data will complement ongoing data collection in the neighborhood, including weather information from the six weather stations that CAP researchers recently installed in the area and micrometeorological data taken with a mobile microclimate cart.
pointing to the need for new messaging about heat health risk.
Sweating for Science at the HeatMappers Walk event:
ABSTRACT
During the event, community members walked the 4 km loop, and filled out a field guide questionnaire. Some community members opted-in for more involved participation, and wore devices measuring their location, heart rate, and personal air temperature and ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposures.
more they are exposed to heat, the lower they perceive their health risk,
1. Age, employment status, and years of residence play significant roles in perceived health risk in typical summer heat for economically vulnerable residents in Maricopa County. 2. Most people do not know what or where cooling stations are or do not go to cooling stations. More than half of surveyed respondents never applied for or do not know how to get utility assistance even though they feel hot at home in typical summer weather.
Sweating for Science at the HeatMappers Walk event: a case study on blazing trails in volunteer science to inform policy and practice.
The inaugural HeatMappers Walk was held on on September 29th 2018 at 4pm. This event was a community effort to establish a baseline of human thermal comfort along strategic walking routes that are slated for shade and cooler conditions in the Edison East-Lake neighborhood in downtown Phoenix.
to find relief. Meanwhile, the longer residents lived in Arizona, and the
Additional Monitoring Twelve of the community members completing the walk opted-in for more involved participation, this helped map a collective experience of heat in the neighborhood was mapped and that can be tracked, and measured, and improved over time.
Examples from Interview Questions General experience questions (beginning of the walk): 1. How often and how long do you usually walk outside? Does it change based on the time of the year, temperature? 2. How do you cope with heat while walking? Segment between the Start and Stop #1: On 20th street, south of the Edison Park 1. What do you think about the park? What do you like or dislike about it? 2. Is it pleasant or unpleasant? 5. What features seem most important for your (thermal) comfort? 6. What could improve your experience?
RESILIENCE SOLUTIONS Collected data are being used by The Nature Conservancy and partners to establish baseline indicators for thermal comfort and to track changes in thermal comfort as Edison Eastlake neighborhood is transformed under neighborhood redevelopment plans and new Complete Streets policies.
MaRTY and Weather Station Data These data collected from the community members complements ongoing data collection in the neighborhood, including small-scale weather information from the six weather stations that ASU recently installed in the area and a mobile microclimate cart (MARTy).
RESULTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
establish baseline temperatures in advance of green infrastructure
Thank you to all our volunteers and community partners.
improvements in South Phoenix.
The data from the People's Map revealed common locations where people gather, and where their socio-spatial perceptions converge and diverge. We learned that 1) the school was largely identified as the cultural center of the neighborhood (and it had a large art mural); 2) the park was the place where they most like to hang out and feel happy; and 3) the high traffic street to the south with low shade was “out of place” / made people feel uncomfortable. Other data from the the walk event is still being analyze and will be shared with the community and partners when analysis is complete. Much of these data will be used by Yuliya Dzyuban for her dissertation work.
walked around their neighborhoods, helping KER and partners to
The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona. The conclusions, views and opinions expressed in this poster are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust.
Available at tinyurl.com/hwpv4h69 K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
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Towards measureable impact 1
14
Identify vulnerabilities, assets, and current response mechanisms proactively
A N N UA L R E P O R T 2018
An initiative with transformative potential, KER has established a baseline for building community resilience. Here’s a look at the numbers as they relate to our four main objectives:
13 20
community organizations engaged across public, private, and nonprofit entities
ASU department and unit partnerships
2
Collect, liberate, analyze, visualize, create, and communicate knowledge from vast, diverse data Data published in “Building Community Resilience in Maricopa County” highlight a few shocks to community resilience, including:
107
average number of days above 100 °F each year
26%
Funding available to Public Health Department is
10%
of national average
of households meet federal energy assistance requirements
By mapping the locations of heat-related deaths and utility assistance provided, KER discovered the following gap in services:
13% of single-family homes without air conditioning
5%
receive assistance
5% 30% of housing stock made up of mobile homes
of heat-related deaths occured inside manufactured and mobile homes continued on pg 16
K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
15
3
Mobilize a multi-sector network of collaborators capable of investing and responding
30
organizations participated in our prototype study as the Utility Assistance Network
4 sectors,
10
working in domains engaged in prototype study
Milestones 2016
2017
October 2016
January 2017
Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust publishes “Building Community Resilience in Maricopa County”
ASU and Piper Trust leadership conceptualize knowledge partnership
February 2017 KER proposal development begins KER director Elizabeth Wentz begins prototype phase
September 2017 KER is one of four projects workshopped in Master Class with evaluation expert Michael Quinn Patton
December 2017 First KER workshop: Planning and launching
16
A N N UA L R E P O R T 2018
4
Allocate human and financial resources for systemic/systematic impact and transformation
$15M
Donated by the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust
4
Crosscutting scholars addressing resilience design questions
17
Staff and students hired in phase zero
2018 May 2018 Second KER workshop: Conceptualizing the knowledge exchange
June 2018 Executive Director Patricia Solís joins ASU
July 2018
KER holds first Hunch Lunch HeatMappers Walk and Ride held at Edison Park
HeatMappers citizen science project conducted with Utility Assistance Network Community of Practice
October 2018
September 2018
December 2018
Third KER workshop: Engaging with the Community
KER website launched
Utility Assistance Network meets at ASU Decision Theater where KER, Salvation Army and AZCEND present prototype study results
K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
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Hunch Lunch
Event Highlight New innovative Hunch Lunch Series brings community experts and researchers together to exchange insights. KER takes an approach to research that acknowledges the community’s roles in creating knowledge. Community members are often unsure of how to leverage their experiences and insights in conversations about data analytics and science. The Hunch Lunch not only breaks down silos of knowledge across sectors, but also lets nonacademic expertise take center stage. The first step in exchanging knowledge and developing partnerships is sharing hunches, ideas rooted in experience that have not yet been tested. When informed by formal knowledge from the public university, the result can be a strong set of ideas to pursue together. Unfortunately, we rarely have the chance to take the time to share this kind of knowledge between organizations and sectors. In September, we held our inaugural Hunch Lunch to help break down those barriers and facilitate this exchange. Community members presented brief flash talks on the most recent, pressing or interesting issues of community resilience from their vantage point. Speakers shared information about a profound change, disruption or unanticipated phenomenon as well as their hunches about what is going on.
18
A N N UA L R E P O R T 2018
Presentations included: Building civic health for resilient youth Center for the Future of Arizona
Increasing gaps in a system to alleviate homelessness St. Vincent de Paul Partnership Housing does not end homelessness — community ends homelessness Ozanam Manor
The recent rise of poverty among the elderly homeless Valley of the Sun United Way
New cooling investments coming for the built environment in Phoenix The Nature Conservancy
Heat risk in Maricopa County NOAA/NWS Phoenix
What can we do now to beat the heat with utility assistance Utility Assistance Network
Experiences with participatory science engagement of diverse families AZCEND
K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
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Our Team Leadership and Administration Elizabeth Wentz Director and Principal Investigator Patricia Solís Executive Director
Calvin Higgins Undergraduate Student Researcher Sakina Albaloushi Undergraduate Student Researcher
Marcia Nation Internal Evaluator
Grace Valandra High School Volunteer
Staff and Students
Maximus Caron High School Volunteer
Chuyuan “Carter” Wang Postdoctoral Researcher Ziqi Li Postdoctoral Researcher Heather Ann Fischer Postdoctoral Researcher Wei Luo Postdoctoral Researcher Ahmed Altaf Tambe Research Assistant Sam Sunder Golla Research Assistant Yubin Li Research Assistant
A N N UA L R E P O R T 2018 2019
Dhrumil Piyushkumar Shah Research Assistant
Mara DeFilippis Strategic Partnership Manager
Qunshan Zhao Postdoctoral Researcher
20
Ryan Matthew Reynolds Research Assistant
Crosscutting Scholars Shade Shutters Center for Social Dynamics and Complexity; Decision Theater Shauna BurnSilver School of Human Evolution and Social Change Erik Johnston School for the Future of Innovation in Society Lindsey Beagley Social Embeddedness
Funders and Knowledge Partners Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust The ASU Knowledge Exchange for Resilience is supported by the Virginia G. Piper Charitable Trust. Piper Trust supports organizations that enrich health, well-being, and opportunity for the people of Maricopa County, Arizona.
Funding support also received from:
Center for Smart Cities and Regions
The Nature Conservancy
Watts College of Public Service and Community Solutions
ASU Academic Unit Partners Barrett, The Honors College Decision Theater
City of Surprise Arizona Department of Economic Security
YouthMappers
Maricopa County Public Health Department
ADVANCE
Institute for Sustainable Communities
ASU Foundation for A New American University
Phoenix Rescue Mission Salvation Army
Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering
ASU Geospatial Research and Solutions
Valley of the Sun United Way
Global Sport Institute
SPARC
Wildfire / Utility Assistance Network
Healthy Urban Environments
Urban Climate Center
Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts
Lodestar Center
Morrison Institute for Public Policy School for the Future of Innovation in Society School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning School of Human Evolution and Social Change School of Sustainability
Community Partners Crisis Response Network APS AZCEND Center for the Future of Arizona City of Mesa
K N OW L E D G E E XC H A N G E F O R R E S I L I E N C E
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About the Cover Artist Heather Freitas Ever since Freitas was a child she dreamt of being an artist for a living. When the time came it was an obvious choice to pursue that dream and go to college to obtain a bachelor’s degree in the arts. Despite the world telling her it was impossible, Freitas continued to try any means possible to make her dream a reality. She stopped at nothing. Since Freitas found her now signature style in 2016, she has gone on to sell over 800+ original paintings worldwide, has amassed a following of over 62,000 followers on Instagram, has had three exhibitions within museum walls and completed five public art projects to date. It’s not only her signature style that has become sought after but the messages she provides within them. Blanketing the world in messages of body positivity, self-love, equality and sustainability as well as speaking about chronic illness in a way that is approachable, beautiful and relatable to all, while sprinkling in the humor that we all need to get us by. We commissioned Freitas to produce an image that would evoke the social, environmental and economic connections that bolster community resilience. You can see her work at heatherfreitas.com, on Facebook @heatherfreitasart and on Instagram @heather_freitas.
resilience.asu.edu
