VOLEYBALL HANDBOOK

olleyball

authors

Sabuya, Ronn Julius H. Velasco, Vian V. Ambray, Hannah Mae L. Carlos, Clarisse R. Jambangan, Mc Vine Princess C. Lasala, Jasmine Yula N.

introduction

In 217 countries and regions today, volleyball is played by a variety of groups, including Olympians, mothers' clubs, and elementary school students. It is one of the top three sports in the world and has developed into one of the Olympic Games' main competitions.

The fact that volleyball is a sport with a lot of versatility explains this remarkable success. It can be done by both men and women, young and old, and needs very little equipment. Playgrounds are available in gyms, parks, and beaches as well as on surfaces like grass and sand. A sport like volleyball promotes overall health because it involves full-body physical activity. Exercises like passing the ball, jumping, running, and rolling while avoiding stepping into the opponent's court are all part of this controlled, all-body routine.

Regarding volleyball matches played in educational settings, they should be seen as sporting events with educational goals, such as promoting teamwork and collaboration and emphasizing the value of building a strong body and a sound mind. Coaches can use these aspects of volleyball to teach students the fun of sports through practice and competition. Given the foregoing, it should be obvious that in volleyball, winning is not the main objective. Always keep in mind that coaching volleyball is about giving students the experiences they need for the future while also allowing them to enjoy the benefits of self-improvement.

introduction

Fostering student development through sports is one of the main objectives of playing volleyball. Players must be aware of the physical and mental health of themselves in order to achieve this goal. On the other hand, coaches must simultaneously be able to evaluate training outcomes and student progress using a variety of testing techniques.

Participating in any sport has advantages. However, volleyball is in a class of its own and offers students the chance to learn things that few other sports can. The volleyball scene is a friendly one.

Competition, education, and enjoyable play are all included. It brings students together and aids in the development of enduring bonds. Here are some benefits of volleyball for students, including maintaining good physical health and developing admirable character traits.

Volleyball is a sport with many advantages. It is there to assist students in learning about commitment, planning, cooperating, and communicating. For volleyball fans in particular, this is more than just a game.

Dimension

Dimension

Fig. 1 Dimensions of a Volleyball Court

The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters (59 feet) long and 9 meters (29.5 feet) wide, divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter (40-inch) wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters (7 feet 11 5/8 inches) above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters (7 feet 4 1/8 inches) for women's competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).

Attack Lines

Fig. 2 Attack Line

This is the line that divides the front zone from the backcourt. Players must hit from behind it on jumping attacks

Side Lines

Fig. 3 Side Lines

Sidelines are 59 feet long, so each team has 29.5 feet of depth on their side. If a ball lands entirely outside of these lines, it will call out.

Base Lines

Fig. 4 Base Lines

Baselines are 29 feet and 6 inches across. It is behind this line that servers will serve the ball.

Center Lines

Fig. 5 Center Line

This line is also 29 feet and 6 inches across. If a player steps over this line, they will call for center line violation and lose point.

The Net & Antennae

Fig. 6 Net and Antennae

In men's Volleyball, is just short 8 feet and the women's net are 7 feet and 4 inches. Players must hit the ball over the net to try and land the ball on the opponent's side of the floor. If a ball hits the antenna or crosses the net outside of it, it will be called out of bounds.

Front Court

Fig. 7 Front Court

Also called as front zone. Players who are in the front row to begin a point must line up in front of the attack line.

Back Court

Fig. 8 Back Court

The Back court is much larger in size than the front zone. Players and the libero who begin the point in the back row must stay behind this line until the other team has served.

Service Area

Fig. 9 Service Area

The Service area is the space behind the baseline where servers will start play from.

Free Zone

Fig. 10 Free Zone

The Free zone is the area outside of the court's boundaries.

Substitution Zone

Fig. 11 Substitution Zone

A player must wait off the court in the substitution zone in front of the scorer's table.

Librero Replacement Zone

Fig. 12 Libero Substitution Zone

The Free zone is the area outside of the court's boundaries.

Front Row

Fig. 13 Front Row

The front row is the set of 3 players who begin the rally in front of the attack line.

Back Row

Fig. 15 Back Row

The back row is the of set of 3 players that must line up behind the attack line to start a point.

Coach Restriction Zone

Fig. 13 Coach Restriction Line

The specific location where coaches are allowed to be during a game.

Equipments

Volleyball balls

Volleyballs are round and traditionally consist of eighteen nearly rectangular panels of synthetic or genuine leather, arranged in six identical sections of three panels each, wrapped around a bladder

Volleyball shoes

Volleyball shoes have a gum rubber sole and are designed for the lateral movement that the sport requires. The middle of the sole is usually made of foam, while the back is more likely to be made from mesh or nylon.

Volleyball braces, sleeves and pads

Knee pads are the most important protection for volleyball players. With many low balls being hit, you will need to kneel to reach them. Bruising and floor burns can be common.

While elbow pads aren't as important a consideration as knee pads, many players will still use them for extra padding when making a dive to keep a volleyball in play. Arm sleeves are also sometimes worn for the same reason.

The stress and strain that volleyball can place on your body can be particularly concentrated at the ankles. Ankle injuries are among the most common of all injuries that occur when playing volleyball, which is why many players decide to wear ankle braces for additional support.

Volleyball net and poles

An official volleyball net will measure 32 feet long by 39 inches tall. For men's volleyball, it will be suspended eight feet off the ground, while for women it will be seven feet and four inches.

The net is held up by poles. Typical volleyball net poles will measure between 10.5 feet and 16 feet in height. Made from steel or aluminium, they are designed to withstand any strains and tension throughout the course of the match.

Volleyball cart

The large quantity of volleyballs that are used during practice and warmups, having carts makes holding and organizing the balls much simpler

Volleyball Serving Machines

The equipment volleyball players use to hone their skills is extensive. An excellent piece of equipment for both individual and group practice is a volleyball serving machine. The types, brands, materials, and factors to think about when searching for volleyball serving machines are covered in the section that follows.

Volleyball penalty cards

Yellow Card

A player or coach who receives a yellow card is being warned. After a team has received a verbal warning for misconduct earlier in the game, yellow cards are frequently issued. Since there is no penalty, yellow cards are typically shown in between points. to receive a warning. The referee will blow the whistle and raise a yellow card in the air to indicate who has been given a yellow card, whether it be a player or a coach.

Red Card

A player or coach will be given a red card if they behave in an unsportsmanlike manner after receiving a yellow card. On the first offense, the referee has the discretion to show a red card if the situation is judged to be extreme or unnecessary. Red cards do not result in a player being removed from the game, unlike in soccer. When a player or coach is shown a red card, the point is over, and the opposing team is given service and a point.

Yellow and Red Card

When both a red and a yellow card are displayed, the most severe forms of punishment are applied. In this regard, there are two distinct gestures that denote two distinct punishments. When the referee holds both a red and a yellow card in one hand, that is the first occurrence. This denotes the removal of a player or coach from the remaining portion of the set. In this situation, the player must be substituted out or replaced right away, and they are not allowed to come back until the set is over. This punishment is frequently applied as an extension of a red card.

Skills

Bumping Setting Spiking Serving Blocking Digging

Bumping

One of the most crucial volleyball abilities for all positions is bumping, also known as forearm passing. It's how you maintain possession of the ball and position your team for success. Passing is more about your lower body than your upper body, which may seem paradoxical, therefore mastering your posture is important.

Setting

Setting and volleying are two forms of contact that assist in positioning your teammates for attacks and successful ballovers. Setting is a hand technique that, like bumping, is surprisingly dependent on lower body power. Quickness and strategic placement are required to volley the ball high enough to give your teammate ample time to react.

Spiking

A strong spike in volleyball is one of the movements that brings the most glory! Power, timing, and reliable footwork are the three key components of this technique. When spiking, you must also possess a special capacity for adaptation, quickly changing to the ball as your colleague sets it. Due to this, it's critical to pay close attention to every detail of the game, especially when you're able to score.

Without a serve, volleyball would not exist. Kicking off each play, the serve sets the stage for the whole play. When compared to other volleyball actions, serving is interesting since it's the only time you start the game with complete control and custody of the ball. Therefore, so many servers are so fixated on strategy and perfection.

Serving Blocking

Defense is a critical component of a good match, and it all comes down to blocking. Blockers possess a few exceptional skills of their own, including the ability to make good decisions in a split second. Successful blockers also have excellent footwork and can step, shuffle, and crossover as ease as needed. A blocker's ability to correctly time their jumps is crucial for effective blocking.

Digging

Digging is a crucial volleyball defensive technique. A dig is a pass made by a member of your team after the other team plays the ball over the net. An opponent's team's hard-driven shot or spike must frequently be recovered during a dig.

What is the most used skill in volleyball?

One of the most crucial volleyball abilities for all positions is bumping, also known as forearm passing. It's how you maintain possession of the ball and position your team for success.

What is the hardest volleyball skill?

Despite having a straightforward appearance, setting is the most difficult position in volleyball for a variety of reasons.

One explanation is because, even if the initial pass was poor, it is a setter's responsibility to bring the second ball up to one of their hitters.

What is the easiest skill in volleyball?

The volleyball technique of passing, sometimes referred to as bumping, is by far one of the most fundamental. A player does this when they contact the volleyball with their forearms and steer the ball to a teammate.

What is the least important skill in volleyball?

The volleyball skill that is perhaps the least taught is blocking. Players can get away with having bad blocking abilities because failing to block won't cost the team as much as performing other volleyball skills poorly.

Rules

The game consists of two teams of six players each, separated by a net. The six volleyball court positions are setter, middle blocker, outside hitter, opposite hitter, libero and serving specialist.

To start, flip a coin to determine which team serves the ball first.

Then the two teams will rally or hit the ball back and forth over the net until a fault occurs. There is a maximum of three hits per side.

The objective is to score points by sending the ball over the net, grounding it into the opponent’s court.

Three-set matches are two sets to 25 points and a third set to 15 points. Each set must be won by two points. The first team to win two sets is the winner of the match.

THE SERVE

1. The server must serve from behind the end line (dark green/blue) until after contact.

2. Ball may be served underhand or overhand.

3. Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve.

4. Served ball may graze the net and drop to the other side for a point.

5. First game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser.

6. Serve must be returned by a bump only. No setting or attacking a serve.

DURING THE GAME

1. Maximum of three (3) hits per side.

2. Player may not hit the ball twice in succession (a block is not considered a hit).

3. Ball may be played off the net during a volley and on serve.

4. A ball touching a boundary line is good.

5. A legal hit is contact with the ball by a players’ body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.

6. If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play.

7. A player must not block or attack a serve.

8. Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the serve only).

BASIC VIOLATIONS

Committing any of these volleyball rule violations results in a point for the opponent.

Stepping on or across the service line when serving while making contact with the ball.

Failed to serve the ball over the net successfully.

Ball-handling errors and contacting the ball illegally (double touching, lifting, carrying, throwing, etc.)

Touching the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.

Blocking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when reaching over the net if your opponent has not used 3 contacts AND has a player there to make a play on the ball.

Attacking a ball coming from the opponent’s court and contacting the ball when reaching over the net when the ball has not yet broken the vertical plane of the net.

Crossing the court centerline with any part of your body, apart from a hand or foot. It is only considered a violation if the entire hand or entire foot crosses the court centerline. Serving out of rotation or out of order.

Back row player blocking (deflecting a ball coming from the opponent) when, at the moment of contact, the back row player is near the net and has part of their body above the top of the net. This is an illegal block.

Stepping on or over the line on a serve.

Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully.

Hitting the ball illegally (carrying, palming, throwing, etc).

Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play. If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play.

Reaching over the net, except under these conditions:

1. When executing a follow-through.

2. When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned (the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact), except to block the third play.

3. Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player).

4. Failure to serve in correct order.

5. Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10 ft. line while in a back row position.

Officials

Scorekeeper Line Judges

First Referee Second Referee

The official scorekeeper keeps track of the score throughout the volleyball game. Before the game begins the scorer writes down the starting lineup of each team on the lineup sheet and notifies the referees if the lineup was not received on time.

Scorekeeper Line Judges

The line judges stand at the corners of the court along the end line of the court watching the lines to indicate whether a ball in play falls in or out of the court.

First Referee Second Referee

The first referee stands on the referee stand and controls the play of the entire game. Whatever issues arise during the game, the first referee determines the call and has the final say.

The second referee works to assist the first referee throughout the game. If for some reason the first referee cannot finish her duties, the second referee may take the place of the first referee.

Terms Definition &

Outside Hitter - Player that plays on the left side of the court in the front and back-row. This player's main job is to attack and pass. They should be trained in hitting in less-than-perfect situations as bad passes should be set to this player to attack. If this player will play back-row as well, they will also need to be a strong serve receive passer, server, and defender.

Middle Blocker - Player that plays in the middle of the court in the front-row. This player's main job is to attack and block. Typically this player hits well in medium to perfect situations and can move well along the net, as well as get their hands over onto the opponent's side of the net while they are blocking. This player is often replaced by the libero in the back-row but this decision should be based on the abilities of the players on the team.

Opposite/ Right Side - Player that plays on the right side of the court in the front-row and back-row and is not setting. This player's main job is to attack and block and is less involved in play at lower levels because of the difficulty of back setting to them.

Setter - Player in charge of the second ball. They are in charge of determining who will play the second ball. This player's main job is to set a "hit-able* ball for their teammates and allow the hitters to do the work to score.

Libero - Player who wears a different color jersey and only plays in the back-row (typically middle-back). This player's main job is to serve receive pass, play defense and step in as the backup setter. They are allowed to play for any/all of the six players on the court in the back-row.

Defense Specialist - Player that subs in for another player just to play back-row. This player's main job is to play defense and pass on serve receive. They can be subbed in at any time but typically are subbed in before their teammate serves to serve in their place or after their teammate serves to start on serve receive.

Serving Specialist - Player subbed in only to serve for their teammate is called a "serving specialist.' Once the opposing team sides out, this player is subbed out.

Pass - The first contact after a serve is considered a "pass. The player who passes the ball is called the "passer." Usually, a pass is made with a player's forearms but can also be made overhead with two open hands.

Set - The second contact (after a pass or dig) is considered a "set." The player who sets is called the "setter. Usually, a set is made with two hands overhead. A bump set is made with a player's forearms. A player can also set the ball over the net on the first, second, or third contact with the same motion.

Hit/ Attack/ Spike - Typically the third contact when a player uses one open hand and swings at the ball to send it over the net is called a "hit/attack/spike." The player who hits the ball is called the "hitter/ attacker/spiker."

Serve - The first contact that starts every rally is called a "serve." The player who serves is called the "server." Usually, a server uses one, open hand to swing overhead and send the ball over the net from behind the end line.

Block - This move/contact is made by a player at the net to prevent the ball from coming over when an opposing player is sending the ball over the net. This move is made with two extended arms with open hands above their head.

Ace - A serve that is un-returnable in which it either hits the floor or a controlled second contact cannot be made off of the pass. An ace results in a point for the serving team.

Under- Hand Serve - A serve that is sent over by keeping the serving arm down and hitting the stationary ball in the opposite hand with a fist. This serve is often taught to beginner players.

Over Pass - The pass by the team receiving the serve that is sent immediately back over the net to the serving team on accident is called an "overpass.

Tight - When the ball is sent close to the net (approximately 0-2 feet) it is said to be "tight."

Off - When the ball is sent away from the net (more than 5 feet or so), it is said to be "off."

Inside - When the ball is sent more than 5 feet inside of the sidelines, it is said to be "inside."

Outside - When the ball is sent outside of the sidelines, it is said to be "outside.'

Substitution - When one player is replaced by another during a game, this is called a "substitution." Depending on the league, the number of substitutions is limited per game. Once a player on the bench crosses in front of the 10 ft line, they have entered the substitution zone and must be subbed in.

Serve Receive - When a team is being served at, they are said to be on "serve receive." Players are required to remain in their rotation home before the serve until the server contacts the ball. This requires teams to create serve receive formations to account for this rule and still put players in the best possible place to play the serve and run an offense.

Game/Set - Depending on the league or tournament, a "game" or "set" is to a predetermined amount of points. Games must be won by two points unless a predetermined point cap is in place. Typically games are to 25 points unless teams are tied in the number of games won and are breaking the tie in the final game. That tie-breaker game is typically to 15 points.

Match - A match is a predetermined number of games, often best of three or five games.

Time- Out - A coach, player, or referee can call a stoppage in play for a variety of reasons. The stoppage is referred to as a "time-out." They are often 60 seconds in length unless it is an injury timeout.

references

The Art of Coaching Volleyball Follow, & Follow. (2022, January 28). Basic volleyball rules and terms. The Art of Coaching Volleyball. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.theartofcoachingvolleyball.com/basic-volleyball-rulesand-terminology/ Llc, C. (2020, October 24). 5 basic volleyball skills you need to succeed. CROSSNET. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.crossnetgame.com/blogs/the-quadrant/5-basicvolleyball-skills-you-need-to-succeed

Mlblevins. (2009, October 21). The standard dimensions and measurements of a volleyball court. Sports Aspire. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://sportsaspire.com/volleyball-courtdimensions Volleyball terms. Volleyball.Com. (2016, May 10). Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.volleyball.com/volleyball-101/volleyballterms/ What equipment do you need for volleyball? ASICS. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://www.asics.com/gb/en-gb/indoorcourt-advice/what-equipment-do-you-need-for-volleyball/

WoV. (2021, August 26). How volleyball can help students stay healthy. WorldOfVolley. Retrieved January 18, 2023, from https://worldofvolley.com/blog/303416/how-volleyball-can-helpstudents-stay-healthy.html