Loving Animals Magazine [Vol 01 - Issue 04]

Animals and Pets Magazine

from editor.

Dear readers , It is an absolute pleasure to welcome you to the fourth edition of Loving Animals Magazine. The first year of the magazine’s publication, so I hope you will welcome it and become my loyal readers; and are so thankful you are here reading now.

Loving Animals Magazine is a publication made by a student at Hoa Sen University as part of a major subject. The name Loving Animals encompasses the meaning and purpose that I want to convey to everyone in this magazine. The magazine’s mission is to bring the community of people who care about the animal world with definitions, rules and sharing of all the different issues related to animals; and provides an inspiring, in-depth look at the relation between humans and animals. In this edition, I will bring you issues surrounding dogs, an animal known as “man’s best friend”. The articles in the publication are my conclusion from public research by experts. I gladly welcome any comments and critiques you may have as a reader.

Editor Kim Ngân Writer Kim Ngân Designer Kim Ngân Illustrator Kim Ngân Publisher Kim Ngân

I am happy that Loving Animals Magazine is trusted and chosen to be part of your interests.

kimngan Kim Ngân, Editor in Loving Animals

104B, Hoc Mon District, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

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+84 0912 2001 lovinganimals@mag.com

@lovinganimals

M O E C L T E O W

DOG

D G O N M I K

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WHAT S INSIDE 06 10 14 16 WHAT KIND OF ANIMAL IS A DOG?

WHAT’S A DOG BREED?

TOP 10 MOST POPULAR DOG BREEDS IN 2023

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CHOOSING THE BEST DOG FOOD

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5 TIPS FOR FIRSTTIME DOG OWNERS

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HYGIENE TIPS FOR YOUR DOG

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REASON DOG SMILE

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QUIZ TIME

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KEEP YOUR DOG WARM AND SAFE THIS WINTER

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COLD-WEATHER ESSENTIALS FOR DOGS

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WHAT KIND OF ANIMAL IS A DOG? ‘‘ A

A dog is the only thing on earth that loves you more than you love yourself.

dog (Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris) is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Also called the domestic dog, it is derived from extinct Pleistocene wolves, and the modern wolf is the dog’s nearest living relative.

The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans. Hunter-gatherers did this, over 15,000 years ago, which was before the development of agriculture. Due to their long association with humans, dogs have expanded to a large number of domestic individuals and gained the ability to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canids.

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- Josh Billings

The dog has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Dog breeds vary widely in shape, size, and color. They perform many roles for humans, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and the military, companionship, therapy, and aiding disabled people. Over the millennia, dogs became uniquely adapted to human behavior, and the human– canine bond has been a topic of frequent study.

This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet of “man's best friend”.

ROLE IN HUMAN SOCIETIES Dogs have played an important role in the history of human civilization and were among the first domesticated animals. Today dogs are employed as guides for the blind and disabled or for police work.

Dogs are even used in therapy in nursing homes and hospitals to encourage patients toward recovery.

Humans have bred a wide range of different dogs adapted to serve a variety of functions. This has been enhanced by improvements in veterinary care and animal husbandry.

FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSICAL Dogs come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. It is difficult to imagine that a large Great Dane and a tiny poodle are of the same species, but they are genetically identical with the same anatomic features. All dogs have 78 chromosomes, or 39 pairs of chromosomes (humans have 23 pairs), and one member of each pair comes from each parent. The normal temperature (rectal) of an adult dog is 100–102.5 °F.

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TEETH Dogs have two sets of teeth, with 28 deciduous teeth erupting by six to eight weeks of age and 42 adult teeth by six to seven months. Permanent teeth include incisors for nipping and biting, canines for tearing and shredding flesh, and premolars and molars for shear and crushing. Dogs’ teeth serve as weapons and tools for cutting or tearing food, unlike herbivorous animals.

The teething process can be difficult for puppies.

Their gums hurt and become swollen, they may lose their appetites, and they may have mild intermittent diarrhea.

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Dogs rarely chew their food. Once the food is taken into the mouth, it is gulped or swallowed and passed through the esophagus into the stomach, where digestive enzymes begin to break it down. Dogs primarily digest food through the small intestines, with the help of the pancreas and liver. The pancreas secretes enzymes for regulating the digestive process, producing insulin and

glucagon for glucose regulation. The liver, the largest internal organ, plays a crucial role in digestion, bile absorption, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, toxins excretion, and blood-clotting agents. Due to its vital functions, liver disease can be a significant issue in dogs.

SKELETAL STRUCTURE The skeletal frame of a dog consists of 319 bones, with the upper body muscles being better developed than a human’s. Dogs are well-equipped to run or lope over long distances, with the construction of shoulder and pelvic bones and their alignment with leg bones and spine allowing them to trot, run, or gallop with ease.

Some breeds have distinct gaits, such as the German shepherd dog’s “flying trot” and the greyhound’s gallop.

Despite no longer following their original pursuits, their instincts remain strong and their structure allows them to perform specific tasks.

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COATS The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: “double” being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or “single”, with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional “blaze”, stripe, or “star” of white fur on their chest or underside. Premature graying can occur in dogs from as early as one year of age; this is associated with impulsive behaviors, anxiety behaviors, fear of noise, and fear of unfamiliar people or animals.

SENSES A dog’s senses include vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch. One study suggested that dogs can feel Earth’s magnetic field.

VISION A dog is only able to see the world around them in shades of blue, yellow, and gray

HEARING A dog’s sense of hearing is far more acute than that of a human TOUCH A dog’s sense of touch is the very first sense to develop

SMELL A dog’s sense of smell can be 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than that of a human

TASTE Dogs have far fewer taste buds than humans and don’t have a welldeveloped sense of taste

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WHAT'S A DOG BREED?

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A dog breed is a particular type of dog that was purposefully bred by humans to perform specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, and guarding.

A

dog breed is a particular type of dog that was purposefully bred by humans to perform specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, and guarding. Dogs are the most variable mammal on Earth, with artificial selection producing upward of 450 globally recognized breeds. These breeds possess distinct traits related to morphology, which include body size, skull shape, tail phenotype, fur type, body shape, and coat colour. Their behavioral traits include guarding, herding, and hunting, and personality traits such as hyper-social behavior, boldness, and aggression. Most breeds were derived from small

numbers of founders within the last 200 years.

As a result, today dogs are the most abundant carnivore species and are dispersed around the world. dog breed will consistently produce the physical traits, movement and temperament that were developed over decades of selective breeding.

For each breed they recognize, kennel clubs and breed registries usually maintain and publish a breed standard which is a written description of the ideal specimen of the breed. Other uses of the term breed when referring to dogs include pure breeds, cross-breeds, mixed breeds and natural breeds.

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FIRST DOG BREEDS

GENETIC EVIDENCE

ANCIENT DOG BREEDS

A study in 2017 found that domestic dogs were present on Zhokhov Island 9,000 years ago, selectively bred as sled or hunting dogs. Greyhound-types were depicted on pottery and paintings between 3,000 and 4,000 years ago, while mastiff-type dogs were used for guarding and hunting. Modern dog breeds are a result of Victorian era controlled breeding practices and the establishment of the English Kennel Club in 1873, similar to other stud book registries for cattle and horses.

The domestic dog is the first large carnivore species domesticated, with around 450 recognized breeds.

Dogs are the most variable mammal, with behavioral traits like guarding, herding, hunting, retrieving, and scent detection. They have undergone rapid phenotypic change due to human artificial selection. A genetic study identified 51 dog genome regions linked to phenotype variation in 57 traits, including body, cranial, dental, and long bone shape and size.

The term “ancient breed” was once used by the American Kennel Club to describe a group of dog breeds believed to have origins over 500 years ago. A 2004 study identified 9 “ancient breeds” from 85 purebred dogs, which were identified as having strong statistical support and could be separated from modern European breeds, thereby redefining the term “ancient breed”.

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DOG TYPES

BASAL BREEDS

Dog types are broad categories of dogs based on form, function, style, lineage, or appearance. Modern dog breeds share common heritable characteristics determined by kennel clubs. A study found distinct genetic clusters within modern dogs, including spitz-breeds, toy dogs, spaniels, Mastiff-like breeds, small terriers, retrievers, herding dogs, scent-hounds, and sight-hounds.

A 2012 study found a deep genetic split between old-world and new-world wolves in dogs, with 16 basal breeds emerging in the 19th century. Modern breeds emerged in the 19th century, and claims of their antiquity are based on little historical evidence. Basal breeds have little genetic connections to their ancestral populations and are distinctive from modern breeds.

MEDICAL RESEARCH

MEDICAL RESEARCH

As dogs are a subspecies but their breeds are distinct genetic units, and because only certain breeds share the same type of cancers as humans, the differences in the genes of different breeds may be useful in human medical research.

As dogs are a subspecies but their breeds are distinct genetic units, and because only certain breeds share the same type of cancers as humans, the differences in the genes of different breeds may be useful in human medical research.

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OST POPULA M 0 1 P R TO BREEDS IN 2 023 DOG Throughout history, dog breed popularity has fluctuated due to factors like technological advancements, societal changes, and availability.

This article has compiled the top 10 most popular dog breeds of 2023.

No.1

French Bulldog French Bulldog popularity surges, boosting attachment, but also increasing unethical breeding. Breathing issues concern DogPack, urging research and ethical support for responsible puppy breeding.

No.2

Labrador Retriever Labrador Retrievers are extremely friendly dogs and have been the most popular breed in North America for over 30 years… until now! Labs will often be seen helping those who are blind or have other disabilities.

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No.3

Golden Retriever

No.4

German Shepherd

No.5

Bulldog

No.6

Poodle

No.7

Beagle

No.8

Rottweiler

No.9

Siberian Husky

No.10

Dachshund

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5TIP

Animals and Pets Magazine

R S FO

FIRST-TIME DOG OWNERS

Welcoming a new dog into your life is always a big deal. Especially if this is your first pet, bringing home a new dog, introducing them to your family and home, and making sure they are healthy can be an overwhelming experience.

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s you and your new pup settle in together, you’ll form a bond through everyday moments, from neighborhood walks to behind the ear rubs to sharing the sofa. And you can take several steps to help your pet adjust to their new setting — even before they arrive. With a little patience and preparation, your new dog will soon feel right at home.

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PURCHASE SUPPLIES

Head to your local pet store or online retailer to gather the supplies your new dog will need. Be sure to purchase: A collar and leash Dog poop disposal bags Food and water bowls Dog food A dog bed and crate Treats and toys

PREPARE YOUR HOME

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Before you bring your pup home, make sure your house — and the people and pets already living there — is ready: Set up a designated dog zone Establish house rules Puppy-proof your house Make sure any current pets’ shots are up to date

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HELP YOUR DOG ACCLIMATE

It’s finally time to introduce your new dog to their forever home! Remember that this exciting time can be a little scary for your dog; here’s how you can help with their transition: Plan to take the dog home at the beginning of the weekend Let your dog explore the house and yard Give your dog some space

START TRAINING YOUR DOG

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Depending on your new pet’s age and background, they will require varying amounts of house training, obedience training and socialization.

Make sure your dog knows who’s boss Reward good behavior Consider signing up for a dog obedience class Pay attention to your dog’s habits and tendencies Expect to have a few hiccups along the way.

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CHECK YOUR DOG’S HEALTH

Within the first week or so, schedule a visit to the vet. The vet may discuss the following matters at your dog’s first visit: Necessary vaccinations Spaying or neutering Microchipping Implementing a routine parasite prevention plan to help keep your dog free of flea, tick, mosquito and heartworm issues

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Animals and Pets Magazine

CHOOSING THE BEST DOG FOOD

Choose the right dog food for your dog by personalizing it based on age, size, activity level, weight, health needs, taste, and texture preferences.

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oday we have many options on the dog food market. So, how do you decide on a healthy, good dog food for your pup? Here are four things to keep in mind.

OPTION FOR THE BEST QUALITY INGREDIENTS The dog’s body uses nutrients from food for metabolic functions, including water, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. The best dog food ingredients include meat, organ meat, carbohydrates, healthy fats, fiber, vitamins, and minerals.

Toxic for Dogs

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FACTOR IN YOUR DOG'S ACTIVITY LEVEL AND WEIGHT Richter suggests that while breed doesn’t significantly impact nutritional profiles, activity does affect dog needs, with more active dogs needing more calories.

NARROW YOUR OPTIONS BY YOUR DOG'S AGE Dog food is tailored to your dog’s stage of life, with puppies needing more protein and adult dogs needing less. Senior dogs may need reduced calories due to medical conditions and reduced activity.

Veterinarians may recommend additional vitamins and supplements.

TALK TO VETERINARIAN ABOUT YOUR DOG'S MEDICAL NEEDS An appropriate diet can actually improve your dog’s condition in many cases. Dr. Richter says, “Almost any chronic condition in dogs (organ disease, allergies, GI upset, etc.) all can be improved/supported with a fresh diet formulated for that specific condition.”

Your dog is an individual with particular dietary needs, and you may not be able to get all the answers you’re looking for from one article. The best thing to do is to consult a certified nutritionist, your veterinarian or a professional pet

care specialist who is familiar with your specific dog. You may choose to buy prepared food for your dog or prepare it yourself, but always follow a nutritionist approved recipe, and make sure to choose dog-safe foods.

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Animals and Pets Magazine

HYGIENE TIPS FOR YOUR DOG Every dog owner knows how important it is to keep their dog clean.

Check out these tips on how to keep your dog clean on your own.

BRUSH REGULARLY Maintaining your dog’s fur involves brushing, washing, and inspecting for ticks. Regular grooming not only enhances their appearance but also improves their overall well-being, as it not only enhances their overall well-being.

FLEA AND TICK PREVENTION Fleas infect dogs in environments with high flea populations, such as outdoor debris piles, decks, carpet fibers, and furniture underneath furniture. Fleas can thrive indoors, requiring year-round prevention to protect them from the cold, outdoor temperatures.

HAIR TRIMMING Regular trimming or clipping of dogs’ hair coats, especially those with long or heavy coats, is crucial for proper vision and eye irritation. It is also essential to remove any matts in the hair coat, as it helps prevent hair from falling over or onto the eyes.

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USE DRY SHAMPOO Dry dog shampoo is a great tool for maintaining cleanliness and freshness, but selecting the right product and following the right application guidelines are crucial for optimal results. Selecting a dogformulated dry shampoo with natural ingredients is crucial for deodorizing your dog.

CLEAN EARS, FACE AND MOUTH Regular grooming routine should include brushing your dog’s teeth. Maintaining a clean and tidy face is crucial for your dog’s health, as bacteria can grow in skin folds, causing irritation and potential infection.

GIVE PEDICURES Nail care is crucial for your pet’s health, as long nails can cause pain, damage to the paw, deform feet, injure tendons and soft tissues, and cause leg complications due to pressure on the foot and leg.

WASH ALL DOGS STUFF Dog toys can harbor harmful bacteria, germs, mold, and mildew. Regularly washing them is recommended, especially if they are covered in dribble, dirt, or food, and immediately if they are covered in food.

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REASONS DOG SMILE It is important to realize that dog smiles are not always about happiness. Dog behavior experts have identified four reasons why dogs smile.

Most animal behavior experts argue that a dog’s grin is not a true smile because they don’t use this facial expression in the same way as humans do. On the other hand, dogs that ‘smile’ are usually in a happy state.

They Feel Relaxed

They Feel Stressed

They Are Submitting

They Want to Please You

They Are Guilty

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CAN YOU GUESS

THE DOG BREEDS FROM THE ICONS?

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2

3

4

5

6

CHECK THE ANSWERS!!

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French Bulldog

2

Dachshund

3

Beagle

4

Golden Retriever

5

German Shepherd

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Bulldog

THIS or THAT

101 Dalmatians

The Aristocats

Go out

Relax at home

Exercise regularly

Exercise occasionally

Outdoor activities

Indoor play

Basic command

Tricks

Large yard

Shared yard

Extrovert

Introvert

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KEEP YOUR DOG WARM AND SAFE THIS WINTER To ensure your dog stays warm, happy, and healthy during winter, consider following simple measures similar to how we are affected by the cold.

LIMIT YOUR DOG'S TIME OUTSIDE Dogs can suffer from frostbite, especially on delicate earflaps and tail tips. In extreme cold, it’s a good idea to keep dogs inside, with the exception of the heavy-coated northern breeds that thrive in low temperatures. If it’s not possible to keep the dogs indoors, be aware of the major signs of frostbite, which include skin that appears white or blue.

STAY INDOORS WHEN POSSIBLE Even a big, fuzzy dog that lives indoors will need some time to acclimate to freezing temperatures. Short romps outside will help your dog’s body get used to the change in the weather.

Keep indoor activities fun with new indoor games. There are also dozens of indoor, interactive dog toys to give your dog a fun way to get both mental and physical exercise.

BUNDLE YOUR DOG UP Sure, most dogs have their own coat, but you wouldn’t want to go out in a blizzard in a light spring jacket. Make sure that small, delicate, and shorthaired dogs (even large ones like Greyhounds), have an appropriate winter wardrobe, including a sturdy winter coat and a fitted sweater.

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INVEST IN A HEATED DOG BED Yes, heated dog beds are safe! A heated dog bed can be a great option for dogs that tend to get chilly, including senior dogs. Look for ones with an auto-shutoff that are made specifically for dogs. There are many options for heated dog beds and heating pads for dogs.

TRIM FOOT FUZZ The hair in between and around your dog’s paw pads can collect and form ice balls from the time they spend outside.

Keeping that hair well-trimmed and even with the surface of their foot can help prevent your dog from getting cold feet.

CONSIDER YOUR DOG'S AGE Where climate is concerned, age is more than a number. Like humans, very young and very old dogs have a hard time regulating body temperature, so they have more extreme reactions to changes in weather. Romps in the snow may be too much for their more delicate constitutions. Keep the older dogs and the puppies indoors as much as possible.

PROTECT YOUR DOG'S PAWS Look at the Iditarod sled-dog teams, and you’ll notice that their paws are covered by booties. Mushers know that the race may be lost because of injuries and abrasions from running on ice. Even if your dog isn’t dashing through 1,000 miles of frozen Alaskan wilderness, winter conditions can still do damage. Different retailers offer dog boots or paw protectors that work well to keep your pup’s feet safe.

CLEAN YOUR DOG'S FEET City streets are coated with deicing substances, such as sodium chloride (rock salt) and calcium chloride, which make sidewalks safe for pedestrians, but can damage paw pads. Make sure you clean off your dog’s feet. Some people keep a bucket next to the door to rinse their dog’s feet as soon as they come in from the cold. Use warm water and make sure to reach spots between the toes and pads. Some dogs will also need a paw balm or a moisturizer for dry skin.

OTHER WINTER SAFETY TIPS HAVE A PLAN IF YOU LOSE POWER Winter weather can be unpredictable.

With freezing temperatures and snowstorms, ometimes power lines freeze and go out. If you lose power this winter, have a plan in place to keep your dog warm.

AVOID THIN ICE Many dogs are rescued from icy waters due to the risk of cracking and falling in, as well as muscle strains and other injuries, which can occur when slipping on ice, despite the fun of sliding across frozen ponds.

BEWARE OF ANTIFREEZE A teaspoon of antifreeze can cause kidney failure in dogs, causing drooling, vomiting, seizures, excessive thirst, panting, lethargy, and a drunken appearance, indicating potential poisoning.

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Animals and Pets Magazine

COLD-WEATHER ESSENTIALS FOR DOGS Winter weather offers great bonding experiences for dogs, including frolicking in snow, curling up under blankets, and winter-wonderland walks.

However, it can also cause discomfort, such as cold temperatures and reduced outdoor time.

Check out these ideas for making winter walks more enjoyable, chilly nights a little cozier, and fewer hours of daylight less depressing forv your pooch. From organic wool sweaters to protective paw balm, we’ve rounded up the best cold-weather essentials to help your dog live his best life, even when the forecast calls for flurries.

WEATHERPROOF COAT Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

BOOTIES Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

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HEATED BED Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

PAW BALM Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

SOCKS Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

SWEATER Even indoors you pooch can get a little cold, especially at night when temperatures drop. Keep your canine cozy and warm all winter long with a comfortable, quality heated dog bed.

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references.

06 - 09 https://www.britannica.com/animal/dog https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog 10 - 13 https://www.akc.org/dog-breeds/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_breed 14 - 15 https://www.forbes.com/advisor/pet-insurance/pet-care/ popular-dog-breeds/ 16 - 17 https://yourpetandyou.elanco.com/us/new-pets/five-tipsfor-first-time-dog-owners 22 https://drcuddles.com/products/natural-pet-dry-shampoo 23 https://a-z-animals.com/blog/5-reasons-dogs-smile-andwhat-theyre-communicating/ 26 - 27 https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/lifestyle/keep-dogwarm-winter-safety-tips/ 28 - 29 https://www.dailypaws.com/gear-apparel/dog-supplies/ dog-clothing-accessories/cold-weather-essentials-for-dogs 30 https://www.shopdogandco.com/

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