Design of an Innovative Hazard Warning Helmet for Elder Scooter Riders
Watson Hsu Professor Yu-Hsiu Hung
Society is Aging
In 2010, 8% of the world’s population ≥ 65+ Expected to increase from 524,000,000 (524 Mil) in 2010 to 1,500,000,000 (1.5 Bil) by 2050 ~ an increase of 186% (NIH, 2011)
Elderly & Driving An average of 586 older adults are injured every
Death number of traffic accident in Taiwan
18.15 % 42.83 %
day in crashes (Administration, 2015) According to the report of National Police Agency
39.02 %
in Taiwan, the death number of scooter accident accounts for 57.17% of the traffic accidents. 31.73% of them are older riders.
Accidents involve scooter riders Accidents involve older scooter riders Other traffic accidents
Challenges & Risks Older scooter drivers’ visual function, reaction and attention decreases with age, leading to high risk of traffic accident (Rodrigues & Pandeirada, 2015).
Due to attention degeneration, older scooter drivers easily fail to give right of way causing collisions to occur. This is the most common type of accident faced by older scooter drivers (Clarke et al., 2010).
Observation Older scooter drivers’ habits • Driving slowly(30-50km/hr) • Do not use rear view mirror • Changing lane without looking back • Only looking nearly things
5
Warning Design 2. Turn on the rear detection 13.89 m
3. Warning
6.945 m
1. Obstacle detected 3.473m
7.777m
Obstacle 80km/h +40km/h
60km/h +20km/h
50 km/h +10km/h
40 km/h
Warning Criteria
Warning area central foveal vision
Warning criteria • Noticeable:
90 。
The warning must be noticed
• Readable:
The warning must be read
30 。 8。 12 。
• Understandable:
The warning must be understood 7
Warning Design
8
Warning Design
9
Modeling
10
Experiment
Obstacle
(street parking)
Participant • 5 elderly scooter drivers • At least 10 years of scooter riding experience
Obstacle
• Rides scooter everyday
Variable • Independent variable: warning system (with/without)
(construction)
Participant Staff 1 Staff 2
• Dependent variable: riding behavior 11
Experiment
Participants
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5
Helmet design
Total # of Obstacles / double parked vehicles
New
Behavioral reactions and the corresponding # of obstacles/double parked vehicles Looking in the Passing side-mirror through without before passing taking through precaution
Reducing speed to pass through (without looking back)
Reducing speed and looking back before passing through
50
12
2
0
36
Conventional
50
0
0
0
50
New
50
12
3
13
22
Conventional
50
2
0
5
43
New
50
9
2
0
39
Conventional
50
3
2
0
45
New
50
15
0
13
32
Conventional
50
1
1
5
43
New Conventional
50 50
14 4
1 0
0 0
35 46
New
50
12.4 (25%)
1.6 (3%)
5.2 (10%)
32.8 (66%)
Conventional
50
2 (4%)
0.6 (1%)
2 (4%)
45.4(91%)
Average
Behavioral Reaction (average)
Results
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Conventional
Innovational
3D Modeling and Rendering
15
Developing Innovative Vibration Stimulation Device to Enhance Stroke Patients' Hand Motor Abilities .
Watson Hsu Professor Yu-Hsiu Hung / Yu-Ching Lin
Stroke is one of the most common diseases causing severe disability.
Somatosensory Stimulation Tactile Vibration
Electrocutaneous
Temperature
muscle vibration improve hand function in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis with more favorable effects than light and rough touches(Sim et al., 2015) People are insensitive to temperature changes. people may not notice changes of up to 5°C if the rate of change is less than 0.5°C per minute (Ho & Jones, 2006) The electrical resistance of skin is aected by its moisture level(Szeto & Saunders, 1982). Furthermore, therapist told that patients usually do not like electrocutaneous stimulation because it cause physically and mentally discomfort.
Benefits of Vibration Stimulation
Process
Design Process
Initial Idea and User Assessment
Modified Design
Modified Design
Evaluation
Evaluation
Outcome
BedsideBuddy
Watson Hsu
Portability
29
Assemblies
30
Functionality
31
Functionality
Transform