Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

College of Architecture, Art and Design Graduation I

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Ossama Kassem AbdelRazek 201610440 ACADEMIC YEAR 2020 - 2021

Supervised By: Dr. Basim Saleh Dr. Riham Fakhouri Mrs. Neveen El Bendary

"Our past, our present, and whatever remains of our future, absolutely depend on what we do now."

- Sylvia Earle, Oceanographer

Graduation Project

Ossama Kassem Abdelrazek 201610440

Dubai Marine Life RESEARCH CENTRE Exploring UAE’s Sea Life Identity and focusing on the Aquatic Biodiversity Conservation

A research study submitted to the Department of Architectural Engineering at Ajman University as a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering.

“Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal.” – Henry Ford

OSSAMA KASSEM ABDELRAZEK 201610440

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SEPTEMBER 2020

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Acknowledgement The boat that cannot sail to the coast will more likely sink, likewise this proposition would not be conceivable without some assistance from some significant individuals.

I’d personally like to deeply thank my beloved family from the bottom of my heart for their continious love and non ending support beyond each and every stage of my life, providing me with ideas for the project.

Dear Faculty members, I’d also like to warmly greet you all for all of your great efforts in showing us the path of how to become future leaders as ‘Architects’.

Dr. Basim Saleh, is one of those who have always been spreading positivity and driving energy within us students helping us in finding deeper means within ourselves pushing ourselves far beyond our own approach of thinking.

I’m also grateful to all of our teach assistants and part-timers for the time they spent with us finding better solutions for our Design approach or any critical issues within the design or functionability of the project.

I’d like to thank Mrs. Neveen El Bendary and Dr. Riham Fakhouri for allowing me to take this challenging topic to find answers for my curiousity.

Finally, I hereby thank my friends and colleagues for all the good time we shared together through the thick and the thin.

It would have never been done without your support.

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Abstract This study reflects a combination of architecture as well as engineering aspects.

It focuses mainly on architecture which is placed on land and partially based in water. A lot of technological parameters must be kept in mind before designing a partial section of the building in the water. This study will briefly explain about some techniques that will be adapted from case studies regarding the mechanisms, the form, structure and materials that should be taken care of when designing the underwater structure. The final design will reflect the inferences generated by this study.

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Introduction

Deep in the ocean, beyond all but the dimmest sunlight, resides the greatest, and perhaps strangest, concentration of life on Earth. Marine Life covers how marine creatures use camouflage, speed, poisons and spines to evade predators. You can compare the different ways sea animals hunt and feed, how their mouthparts work, and where they fit within a complex food web.

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Chapter 2

Index

2.1 - Beaty Biodiversity - Aquatic Ecosystems Research Center

............................................................................................... pg - 50

2.2 - The Blue Planet

............................................................................................... pg - 72

2.3 - One Ocean, Thermatic Pavilion

............................................................................................... pg - 94

Case Studies

Chapter 1

1.1- Definitions

3.0- Program

1.2- Historical Background

3.1- Definitions

1.3- Objectives

3.2- Case Studies

2.4 - Karlovac Aquarium and River Museum

............................................................................................... pg - 120

2.5 - Suncheon International Wetlands Center

............................................................................................... pg - 144

2.6 - Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre

............................................................................................... pg - 158 Chapter 3

3.3- Program Development

3.5- Preliminary Program Sectional Design 3.6- Matrix Diagram

Program

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Introduction

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3.4- Program Inter-relationship

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Index

Chapter 4

4.1- Brief 4.2- Dubai’s Climate 4.3- Dubai Landuse 4.4- Site Selection

Site Analysis & SELECTION

4.5- Site Analysis 4.6- Road Network

Brief .................................................................................................. 232 - 233

Chapter 5

Precedent Studies Analysis ........................................................ 234 - 235 Program Comparison ................................................................. 236 - 241 Site Selection & Analysis ........................................................... 242 - 247

Conceptual Design ...................................................................... 250 - 253 Universal Standards ................................................................... 254 - 260

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References .................................................................................... 261

CONCLUSION

Site Comparison ........................................................................... 248 249

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Table of Figures Chapter 1 Fig.001 Fig.002 Fig.003 Fig.004 Fig.005 Fig.006 Fig.007 Fig.008 Fig.009 Fig.010 Fig.011 Fig.012 Fig.013 Fig.014 Fig.015 Fig.016 Fig.017 Fig.018 Fig.019 Fig.020 Fig.021 Fig.022 Fig.023 Fig.024 Fig.025

Littering in the gulf ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Turtle Chocking on a plastic bag .............................................................................................................. 28 Diver and documentarist - Al Falasi ........................................................................................................ 29 Rate of species extinction ........................................................................................................................... 30 Endangered species 2000-2018 ................................................................................................................. 31 Turtle Chocking on a plastic bag .............................................................................................................. 33 The Arabian Gulf Aerial view .................................................................................................................... 33 Coral Reef ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Ocellaris clownfish ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Aquatic Dinosaur Skeletal System (Plesiosaurus) .................................................................................. 37 VanDusen botanical garden visitor centre ............................................................................................... 37 Mummified Dophins at the lebanese marine life and wildlife museum .............................................. 39 Captain cook on a ship................................................................................................................................ 40 Charles Darwin............................................................................................................................................ 41 Voyage of the challenger.............................................................................................................................. 42 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution................................................................................................... 42 Plastic Pollution Effect on Marine Life .................................................................................................... 43 Endangered Sea Turtle Species ................................................................................................................. 45 Endangered Whale Shark Species ............................................................................................................ 45 Snorkelling Activity .................................................................................................................................... 45 Endangered Purpoise (The Vaquita) Species ........................................................................................... 45 Endangered Purpoise (Pink Dolphin) Species ........................................................................................ 45 Economical Activities ................................................................................................................................. 46 Social Activities ........................................................................................................................................... 46 Tourism Attraction ..................................................................................................................................... 46

Chapter 2 Fig.026 Fig.027 Fig.028 Fig.029 Fig.030 Fig.031 Fig.032 Fig.033 Fig.034 Fig.035 Fig.036 Fig.037 Fig.038 Fig.039

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Beaty Biodiversity Center exterior view.................................................................................................... 54 Beaty Biodiversity Center interior view.................................................................................................... 55 Ground Floor Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 60 First Floor Plan ............................................................................................................................................ 61 Second Floor Plan ....................................................................................................................................... 62 Third Floor Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 63 Hanging Blue Whales Skeletal systems in the Atrium ........................................................................... 65 The Atrium ................................................................................................................................................... 65 Sections and Elevations ........................................................................................................................ 66-67 The Blue Planet Form Determination ...................................................................................................... 74 The Blue Planet Conceptual Developement ............................................................................................ 74 The Blue Planet Location & Context ........................................................................................................ 77 The Blue Planet Model ............................................................................................................................... 79 Ground Floor Horizontal Section Plan .................................................................................................... 79

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Fig.040 Fig.041 Fig.042 Fig.043 Fig.044 Fig.045 Fig.046 Fig.047 Fig.048 Fig.049 Fig.050 Fig.051 Fig.052 Fig.053 Fig.054 Fig.055 Fig.056 Fig.057 Fig.058 Fig.059 Fig.060 Fig.061 Fig.062 Fig.063 Fig.064 Fig.065 Fig.066 Fig.067 Fig.068 Fig.069 Fig.070 Fig.071 Fig.072 Fig.073 Fig.074 Fig.075 Fig.076 Fig.077 Fig.078 Fig.079 Fig.080 Fig.081 Fig.082 Fig.083 Fig.084

Ground Floor Plan ...................................................................................................................................... 81 Section + Details ........................................................................................................................................ 82 Perspective Section + Details ................................................................................................................... 84 Roof Structure ............................................................................................................................................ 90 Structure Information Modelling ............................................................................................................. 90 Conceptual Sketches ................................................................................................................................... 96 Ground Floor Plan + First Floor Plan ...................................................................................................... 98 Sections ............................................................................................................................................... 100-101 Pavilion Back View ................................................................................................................................... 105 One Ocean Pavilion Exterior shot .......................................................................................................... 106 One Ocean Pavilion Interior shot .......................................................................................................... 106 One Ocean Pavilion Entrance shot ......................................................................................................... 107 Space Allocation Diagram ....................................................................................................................... 107 One Ocean Pavilion Facade ..................................................................................................................... 108 One Ocean Pavilion .................................................................................................................................. 109 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, façade - Top View ............................................................................... 110 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, façade - closed to 60° opening .......................................................... 112 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, façade night LED lighting: ................................................................ 113 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion, Lamella façade at night with LED lighting ..................................... 113 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion Lamella façade - Side View ........................................................ 114-115 Climate Engineering Diagram ................................................................................................................ 116 Wall Section of kinetic facade ................................................................................................................. 116 Construction Phase .................................................................................................................................. 116 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion Lamella façade - Night Lighting- Elevation view ................... 118-119 3D Plan ....................................................................................................................................................... 122 Conceptual Diagram ................................................................................................................................ 122 Site Plan .............................................................................................................................................. 126-127 Basement Plan ................................................................................................................................... 128-129 Basement Plan II ............................................................................................................................... 130-131 Elevations ........................................................................................................................................... 132-133 Sections .............................................................................................................................................. 132-133 Aquarium Hall .................................................................................................................................. 134-135 Exhibition Shots ........................................................................................................................................ 136 Aquarium Shots ......................................................................................................................................... 137 Exterior Shots ............................................................................................................................................ 139 Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum Panoramic View ...................................... 140-141 Suncheon International Wetlands Center promenade shot ........................................................ 148-149 Suncheon International Wetlands Center Top view ............................................................................. 150 Suncheon International Wetlands Center Exterior Shot ..................................................................... 150 Ground Floor Plan .................................................................................................................................... 152 First Floor Plan .......................................................................................................................................... 153 Sections ...................................................................................................................................................... 156 Elevations ................................................................................................................................................... 156 Wasit Centre’s Site plan ............................................................................................................................ 163 Program Analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 164

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Fig.085 Fig.086 Fig.087 Fig.088 Fig.089 Fig.090

Conceptual Design ................................................................................................................................... 164 Ground Floor Plan ............................................................................................................................ 166-167 Sections ............................................................................................................................................... 168-169 Wasit Centre Interior Gallery shots ................................................................................................ 172-173 Wasit Centre Exterior shots ............................................................................................................. 172-173 Program Sectional Diagram ............................................................................................................ 176-177

Chapter 3 Fig.091 Program Analysis Pie Chart .................................................................................................................... 200 Chapter 4 Fig.092 Fig.093 Fig.094 Fig.095 Fig.096 Fig.097 Fig.098 Fig.099

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Beaty Biodiversity Center and Aquatic Ecoystems Research Center ................................................. 234 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion ................................................................................................................. 234 Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum ............................................................................ 235 Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Center .................................................................................................... 235 Program Analysis Pie Chart .................................................................................................................... 238 Space Diagram ........................................................................................................................................... 239 Program Sectional Diagram .................................................................................................................... 251 Conceptual 3D (Dubai Marine Life Aquarium & Research Center) ............................................................................... 253

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INTRODUCTION

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

CHAPTER-1

Chapter 1 Introduction

Water is an inorganic, transparent , tasteless , odor-

less and almost colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of the Earth’s hydrosphere and of the fluids of all known living organisms.

Dubai in UAE is a beautiful city located on the emirate’s northern coastline that attracts thousands of scuba diving enthusiasts every year with its artificial reef which is home to an array of marine species such as sea horses, turtles and butterfly fish, as well as convenient access to popular and fascinating diving sites.

Dubai’s atmosphere makes it a perfect area for all year scuba diving and is by a long shot thought about a heaven for drivers, Gulf waters are home to in excess of 500 differenct species of fish, And in excess of over 34 sorts of coral formation based only in UAE’s waters.

Within the shallow waters of 0.5m to 40m, there are distinctive sorts of ocean grass, which are a vital environment for fish.

On the other hand , these wonderful marine creatures in UAE’s only outlet to the gulf are currently endangered from beach-goers who keeps ignoring the important litter laws, Abdul Majeed Saifaie said: “While the campaign focuses on the littering of cigarettes and other pieces of paper, we are also trying to curb the unhygienic habits of people who spit on the road,”and he also stated “Authorities spend billions of dirhams on road projects and we employ hundreds of workers to keep the city clean, but it is also essential for the public to play their role in keeping their environment clean.”

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

There are soda cans, white plastic cups and plastic bags and at times you can even see diapers under the water.

A gathering of remote ocean jumpers from the UAE is set for clean the sea depths and furthermore bring issues to light about contamination in the Bedouin Ocean.

The jumpers have so far gathered huge loads of waste including plastic, metal, glass, earthenware production, elastic, wood, paper and cardboard. They additionally archive the UAE’s marine life all the while.

Driving the gathering is Emirati Mohammad Falasi, 29, an ocean life researcher and documentarist.

Explaining how it all started, Falasi said: “Three years ago during a kayaking trip in Al Hamra Island, Ras Al Khaimah, my friend (Humaid Al Nuaimi) and I came across a bridge infested with barnacles – a type of marine animal that attaches itself to a hard surface in erosive settings. This set us thinking about our Arabian sea. Curious to see life underwater, we invested in some good cameras and basic diving gear and started exploring the sea. What we saw shocked us. The sea floor was littered with rubbish. We decided we had to do something about it.”

Figure 001. Littering in the gulf

Figure 002. Turtle choking on a plastic bag

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https://gulfnews.com/uae/uae-divers-on-a-mission-to-clean-the-sea-1.2207712

“There is a lot of beauty underneath, but sadly there’s also devastation. We found a vast accumulation of debris including plastic, bottles, metal, glass, etc. There is no estimate as to how much waste we have collected so far but it could easily be in tonnes. This waste is not only dangerous to the marine life but also to humans.

Plastic waste particularly carries toxic pollutants which get transferred into the food chain, negatively impacting us. In fact, plastic pollution is one of the biggest environmental issues of our time, impacting more than 600 marine species,” he explained.

The campaigns have likewise driven Falasi and his companions to some fascinating finds also.

“When we were in the out of sight of the Musandam landmass when we found a wreck. The vessel more likely than not been a vehicle transporter as we saw numerous vehicles and vehicle parts on the seabed. We likewise discovered enormous heaps of waste surrounding it.

“We cleared what we could and left the substantial hardware for pertinent specialists to get. We recorded our revelation with accurate subtleties of the area co-ordinates where we discovered it,” said Falasi.

He said Nawsters additionally record new sightings. “A week ago as we were planning for a make a plunge the Waterway of Hormuz we saw a stone somewhere out there. When we reached the spot, it turned out to be an uninhabited island and a sight to behold. Later we learnt it was a newly discovered island called Salama.”tic bags and at times you can even see diapers.

Figure 003. Diver and documentarist - Al Falasi

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Threats To Global Marine Biodiversity

For a considerable length of time the sea was seen as an endless reservoir of productivity with boundless ability to assimilate wastes. A gainful environment is portrayed by a high level of organic assorted variety. In other term, there is an enormous collection of a variety species of plants and living things, and that each type among the species has a role to undergo.

In such environment, there is indeed a great deal of biological diversity so this helps to ensure stability since many species provides numerous paths to a system’s energy stream. This ocean’s marine biodiversity tends to make this one of the biggest achievements for people. After all, it has to be used with extreme care, like other resources, so that it can remain sustainable. Whilst endangering ones primary component of food sources, a certain decrease in marine biodiversity will also have the strongest effect on the development of countries. mankind have over-harvested the resources of the sea, thus Whilst endangering ones primary component of food sources, a certain decrease in marine biodiversity will also have the highest influence on the productivity of countries. human beings already have over-harvested sea resoruces, thus threatening aquatic ecosystems.

Human operations make species disappear at a staggering pace. It has already been approximated that resource depletion will take place among 1975 & 2015 at a rate of 1:11 percent per decade. Loss of such magnitude will affect the entire ecosystem, precious resources that provides human-beings with food , medicines, as well as industrial materials. There’s a few variations in the seriousness within each species threat. Greedy Over-fishing is the biggest threat to the marine ecosystem, as well as the urban development & resource-based industrial sectors including mining, drilling which severely damages & decreases natural habitats. Aquatic biodiversity is endangered by environmental pollution, soil erosion, and global warming.

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Various types of fish, ocean turtles as well as other marine creatures were also killed and therefore by-catch is gotten rid of. Due to shifts in the world’s climate, threatened species as well to human-beings’s increase activity, the composition and structure of the wildlife, plant life & habitats of the coastline oceans had already changed at such an unnatural rate throughout the last decade or two. Human-beings, after all, have a massive effect on seas, particularly in coastal areas, but also rapidly progressive in the open ocean. Eutrophication seems to be a major coastal water problem at the present time, especially in shallow-deep enclosed dark areas.

These threats are :1) Introduction of outsider species.

2) Pollution 3) Over exploitation 4) Climate Change 5) Habitat Destruction

1)Introduction of outsider species :An outsider species is one that has Been intentionally or accidentally transported and released into an environment outside of its historic geographical range. Such species are described as ‘invasive’ if they are ecologically and are economically harmful. In a variety of ways, such species are harmful to native biodiversity, such as rivals, carnivores, pests, or disease transmission.

2)pollution:“Pollutants in the air, water, and soil can affect organisms in a wide range of ways, from Changing the rate of plant growth to altering reproduction patterns, in certain outrageous circumstances, leading to extinction.” Coral reefs that are produced by different kinds of sources.

Figure 005. Endangered species 2000-2018 Figure 004. Rate of species extinction https://issuu.com/mohannadaymanthabet/docs/graduation_one tems-research-laboratory-patkau-architects

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Chapter 1

3)Overexploitation:Overexploitation can lead to the depletion of resources as well as put the life of threatened and critically endangered species at danger of extinction. More species at a higher trophic level are exploited in the sea than those on land: over than four hundred species are used by human beings as sea food production.

4)Environmetal Climatic Change:Climate change will lead to an increase in water levels. And as a result , higher temperatures reduce oxygen dissolving ability of water. Nevertheless, human beings are also doubling the volume of Carbon in the air whilst burning huge quantities of fossil fuel. Due to high temperatures, Loggerhead Turtle nesting sites in Florida have been already producing 90% females owing to high temperatures, and if temperature increases by an additional 1degree Celsius or even more, hardly any males would be produced there. Corals require specialized growth conditions for the climate and water temps must be ideal for development ranging between 23 to 29 ° C. 5)Habitat Destruction:The main cause of aquatic biodiversity decrease is due to habitat loss. Up to 20% of global’s corals were lost as well as an extra 20% degraded throughout the recent decades of mid - twentieth century and approximately 35% of mangroves has been destroyed type D-2. Ecosystems devastation and disintegration refers to discontinuity in (disintegration) or loss (devastation) of the environment inhabited by a body. Once a species comes to extinct, it is permanently lost and we will never be able gain all the biological data conducted by individuals of this species. Extinction is indeed an appalling waste of life as well as a potential loss of solutions caused by future problems such as illness cures as well as survival alternatives in such a changing environment.

Human attention rightly concentrates mostly on the declination of ecosystems at land, but even at the valuable cost of oceans, consideration for marine biodiversity often deserves to be taken urgent attention when there is a need for a secure and solid human-sea relationship. There really is no owner throughout the oceans and thus no country or international organisation. As a result, there is an exerting pressure upon the seas. It’s indeed essential for the sake of education to conserve and preserve what is left from the marine biodiversity. Biodiversity is rapidly declining and efforts are required to put an end to this declination. In order to preserve it, there has to be more public awareness. The transmission of data and the appreciation of marine biodiversity to the future generations must become a major concern.

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Chapter 1

Figure 006. Turtle choking on a plastic bag

Threats To Global Marine Biodiversity

Arab Gulf is one of the smallest marine ecosystems in the world. It has a low depth and limited exchange of water along the larger Indian Ocean. Due to strong variations in seawater temperatures and high salinity rates, the Arab gulf has one of the toughest marine ecosystems in the world. Such environmental extremes could disrupt the usual functioning of marine ecosystems as well as the physiological aspects of it as well as distribution of marine species.

Arab Gulf is also a home to certain species which are of the most threatened species species in the world, which includes dugongs, Sea Green as well as Hawksbill turtles, but also continues to support an array of diverse ecosystems, such as marine beds, mangrove, corals and mudflats unique to environmental conditions. The pressures of these ecosystems on anthropogenic activities associated with rapid economic , social and industrial growth in countries of the Arabian Gulf are rising.

Figure 007. The Arabian Gulf Aerial View

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Marine climate of the Middle Eastern Inlet is seriously affected. The shores of the Middle Eastern Bay are seeing quick industrialization and urbanization that add to corruption of normally focused on marine biological systems. Beach front improvement related with digging and recovery is especially harming the seaside and marine environments. This is joined with a few anthropogenic components, including modern and homegrown effluents, brackish water wastewater releases and oil contamination.

Saving species and networks and keeping up solid biological systems are significant needs in the marine climate of the Bedouin Inlet. These could be accomplished by embracing preservation approaches and the board techniques that may add to the insurance of the delicate marine biological systems in the Bedouin Bay, including marine secured zones, natural effect appraisal, ecological guidelines, natural rebuilding, and ecological checking and logical examination.

Assignment and execution of marine ensured territories are apparently basic for the security of beach front and marine environments in the Middle Eastern Bay. Albeit a few marine secured zones have been set up, absence of far reaching the executives plans may prevent their adequacy.

Ecological effect evaluation can assume a significant function in the assurance of biodiversity and in the maintainable utilization of seaside and marine conditions in the Bedouin Inlet. Be that as it may, its viability is obliged by the absence of satisfactory lawful and administrative systems, restricted public support, deficient rules on procedural EIA, and absence of arrangements identified with combined effects. Thusly, there is a requirement for a more key way to deal with natural appraisal that recognizes ecological outcomes of proposed arrangements, plans and programs, and coordinates natural contemplations into more elevated level dynamic frameworks in the Middle Eastern Inlet.

The Bedouin Inlet nations have broad public territorial and global natural enactments set up.

Fortifying the implantation and the implementation of the current guidelines and arrangements can significantly add to the insurance of marine climate in the Bedouin Inlet.

Biological reclamation standards could be received to limit or opposite the decrease in environment uprightness in the Middle Eastern Bay. A few reclamation ventures have been led in the beach front and marine conditions of the Bedouin Bay. Planted mangroves give a few biological and ecological advantages that may add to the efficiency of waterfront and marine territories.

Notwithstanding, the genuine effect of some reclamation undertakings, for example, coral rebuilding stays to be researched.

An all encompassing ecological checking and logical examination in the fields of sea life sciences and protection science are indispensable portion of any push to preserve and oversee biodiversity and marine assets in the Bedouin Bay. Improvement in both number and nature of scholastic projects identified with sea life sciences in the Middle Eastern Inlet colleges can add to building the drawn out exploration limit in the district.

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Definitions

1.1

Marine: its anything related to the sea or ocean; existing in or produced by the sea: marine vegetation. pertaining to navigation or shipping; maritime.

Marine Life: or sea life is anything that is related to biology or any living organism from plants, animals and other organisms that live in salt water, sea or the ocean.

Museum: it’s a building where any scientific, artifact or any cultural interest are stored and exhibited to the public.

Marine Life Museum: It’s an open to public space (institution) that is non profitable which helps improve a society and its development through researches and conservation of the marine resources caused by the manifested negative effects seen in our habitat from species loss, habitats degradation and ecosystem function changes by concentrating on limiting human damage to the marine ecosystems through restoring damaged marine ecosystems and preserving rare vulnerable species.

Figure 010. Aquatic Dinosaur Skeletal System (Plesiosaurus) https://animalcrossing.fandom.com/wiki/Plesiosaur

Figure 011. VanDusen botanical garden visitor centre https://www.archdaily.com/215855/vandusen-botanical-garden-visitor-centre-perkinswill

Figure 008. Coral Reef https://www.pinterest.com/pin/133559945176947766/?nic_ v2=1a5l728tz

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Figure 009. Ocellaris clownfish https://www.liveaquaria.com/product/755/?pcatid=755

https://www.pinterest.com/pin/133559945176947766/?nic_v2=1a5l728tz https://www.liveaquaria.com/product/755/?pcatid=755

https://library.ndsu.edu/ir/bitstream/handle/10365/22818/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1 https://animalcrossing.fandom.com/wiki/Plesiosaur

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Chapter 1

Chapter 1

Historical Background

1.2

Timeline 1825

First use of scuba

1872

Early Marine Survey of the Americas

1837

First practical diving suit

1874

Maritime Museum, Rotterdam One of the oldest maritime museums

1843

Speculation on Deep Sea Life 1882

1853

Discovery of Deep Sea Life

First Anthropomorphic Atmospheric Diving Suit

1.2

Historical Background

A museum is a space that preserves any evidence material that was carried out by a human activity from sculptures, artifacts in addition to nature as well and make such solid evidence available for viewing by the public. Museums are meant to act like a history keeper.

The Marine and Wildlife Museum in Tyre, Lebanon, is a museum of marine and wildlife and their belongings and includes various types of them. This museum was founded by Jamal Younes, a Lebanese orthodontist and diver, whose passion led him to collect the enormous species of marine animals that belong to the Mediterranean waters.

Work began on the museum in early 2002, and the collection in it is the result of twenty years of effort. The museum includes more than a thousand specimens of animals, along with the marine aquarium, as well as a hundred species of wild animals such as wolf, hyena, migratory and water birds, and they found a stable in the museum with reptiles and sea turtles, and wonderful pieces of glass dating back to the Phoenician era extracted from deep sea.

1867

Proof of Deep Sea Life

1868

Deep Sea Life in Abundance

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Figure 012. Mummified Dophins at the lebanese marine life and wildlife museum http://lmwm.org/our-science/collections.html

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Chapter 1

1.2

Chapter 1

Historical Background

The historical backdrop of marine life biology may have started as right on time as 1200 BC when the Phoenicians started sea trips using celestial navigation. References to the ocean and its secrets possess large amounts of Greek mythology, especially the Homeric poems “The Iliad” and “The Odyssey”. Nonetheless, these two sources of ancient history mostly refer to the ocean as a means of transportation and food source. It wasn’t until the writings of Aristotle external link from 384-322 BC that particular references to marine life were recorded. Aristotle recognized an assortment of animal species crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks, and fish.. He also recognized that cetaceans are mammals, and that marine vertebrates are either oviparous (producing eggs that hatch outside the body) or viviparous (producing eggs that hatch within the body). Since he is the first to record observations on marine life, Aristotle is regularly referred to as the father of marine biology.

1.2.1 The Early Expeditions Figure 014. Charles Darwin

The advanced investigation of sea life science started began with the examination by Skipper James Cook (1728-1779) in eighteenth-century England. Authority Cook is generally known for his wide excursions of divulgence for the English Naval force, planning an incredible piece of the world’s new waters in the midst of that time. He circumnavigated the world twice during his lifetime, during which he logged descriptions of numerous plants and animals then unknown to most of mankind. various researchers started a closer investigation of marine life including Charles Darwin (1809-1882) Fig.008 Captain cook on a ship who, despite the fact that he is best known for the Theory of Evolution, contributed fundamentally to the early investigation of marine biology. His expeditions as the resident naturalist aboard the HMS Beagle from 1831 to 1836 were spent collecting and studying specimens from a number of marine organisms that were sent to the British Museum for cataloguing. His interest in geology gave rise to his study of coral reefs and their formation.

The trips of the HMS Beagle were followed by a 3-year voyage by the British ship HMS Challenge led by Sir Charles Wyville Thomson (18301882) to all the oceans of the world during which thousands of marine specimens were collected and analysed. This trip is often referred to as the birth of oceanography. The data collected during this trip filled 50 volumes and served as the basis for the study of marine biology across many disciplines for many years. Deep sea exploration was a benchmark of the Challenger’s journey refuting English traveler Edward Forbes’ hypothesis that marine life couldn’t exist underneath around 550 m or 1,800 feet.

Figure 013. Captain Cook on a ship

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1.2.2 The Research Institutions

These expeditions were soon followed by marine laboratories established to study marine life. The oldest marine station in the world, Station Biologique de Roscoff was established in Concarneau, France founded by the College of France in 1859. Concarneau is located on the Northwest coast of France. The station was originally established for the cultivation of marine species, such as Dover sole, because of its location near marine estuaries with a variety of marine life. Today, research is conducted on molecular biology, biochemistry, and environmental studies.

In 1871, Spencer Fullerton Baird, the foremost head of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries (presently known as the Public Marine Fisheries Administration) , began a gathering station in Woods Hole, Massachusetts in light of the unlimited marine life there and to explore the declining fish stocks.

Figure 015. voyage of the challenger

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Nowadays, the possibilities for ocean exploration are kind of unlimited , smart computers, remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs), deep sea submersibles, reinforced diving suits, and satellites, other technologies are also being produced and developed.

In any case, interdisciplinary research is expected to keep assembling our comprehension of the ocean, and what should be done to secure it. Disregarding progressing mechanical advances, it is evaluated that just 5% of the seas have been explored.

Amazingly, we find out about the moon than we do the sea. This necessities to change in the event that we are eager to guarantee the Continuation of the marine life in the oceans—and they cover 71% of the world’s surface. Unlike the moon, they are our backyard. Without a detailed collective understanding of the ramifications of pollution, overfishing, coastal development, as well as the longterm sustainability of ocean oxygen production and carbon dioxide and monoxide absorption, we confront incredible dangers to natural and human well-being. We require this examination with the goal that we can follow up on potential issues—not respond to them when it is already late.

Figure 016. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

This lab still exists presently known as the North- east Fisheries Science Center , and is the oldest fisheries research facility in the world. Additionally at Woods Hole, the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) was built up in 1888 by Alpheus Hyatt, a student of Harvard naturalist Louis Agassiz who had established the first seaside school of natural history on an island near Woods Hole. MBL was designed as a summer program for the study of the biology of marine life for the purpose of fundamental research and education.

Fig.011 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute was found in 1930 in response to the National Academy of Science’s call for “the share of the United States of America in a worldwide program of oceanographic research” and it was funded by a $3 million grant by the Rockefeller Foundation.

An independent biological laboratory was established in San Diego in 1903 by University of California professor Dr. William E. Ritter, which became part of the University of California in 1912 and was named the Scripps Institution of Oceanography after its benefactors. Scripps has since turned out to be one of the world’s driving institutes offering a multi-disciplinary investigation of oceanography.

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Figure 017. Plastic Pollution Effect On Marine Life

Luckily, because of crafted by over a significant time span ocean researchers some of the population is increasingly aware of these risks which urge openassociations to make a move and advance exploration. The endeavors of public offices utilizing a multi-disciplinary methodology, along with the endeavors gave by various private marine protection associations that take a shot at issues such as advocacy, education, and research, will help drive the momentum needed to face the challenges of preserving the ocean.

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Objectives

- Providing discrete data about what’s discovered from the marine life - Featuring Rare species that was discovered - Preserving Vulnerable species - Spreading awareness towards conservation and restoration of damaged - Aquatic activities like wave surfing, snorkeling and scuba diving - An educational tour around the museum to discover more about the marine life.

Figure 018. Endangered Sea Turtle Species https://phys.org/news/2018-12-critically-endangered-marine-turtles-climate.html

Figure 019. Endangered Whale Shark Species https://worldanimalnews.com/whale-sharksnow-endangered-species-red-list/

Figure 021. Endangered Purpoise (The Vaquita) Species https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/apr/29/bid-to-save-vaquita-

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Figure 020. Snorkelling Activity https://mantalodge.com.au/snorkelling/

Figure 022. Endangered Purpoise (Pink Dolphin) Species https://theconversation.com/explainer-why-are-the-endangered-dolphins-ofhong-kong-pink-51603

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1.3.1 Economical Objectives: - Millions of people travel all over the globe to visit museums and galleries searching for institutios providing lifelong learning opportunities - A museum is a destination everyone in the world of art and culture would like and have to visit Figure 023. Economical activities

1.3.2 Social Objectives: - On a social and political level, but also on a local one, museums have the ability to establish unity. By celebrating a common heritage, local museums are able to provide a sense of community and location, providing a great way to get to know the history of a specific region.

Figure 024. Social activities

1.3.3 Tourism Objectives: - Museums play a huge vital role in tourism for a lot of countries like Britain, Europe region and also in the Middle East Area like Egypt and old civilised countries - Lots of people travel to witness history developement and things that seize to exist in their own countries

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Figure 025. Tourism Attraction

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CASE-STUDIES

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Chapter C H A P T E R --2 2

2.1 Beaty Biodiversity & Aquatic Ecosystem Research Center -(Existing Project) Architect: Patkau Architects Location: Vancouver, British Columbia Date: 2010 Area: 16,650 square meters

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2.1.1 Brief In 2010 the University of British Columbia added another area to their grounds. The new intricate is situated on the grounds’ fundamental shopping center and is contained two offices; the Beaty Biodiversity Center and Amphibian Environment Exploration Center. Together they structure the philosophy of related natural sciences. The essential expectation of this plan was to make a perplexing that would address the issues of two diverse automatic capacities, an exhibition hall, and an exploration lab. Patkau Engineers effectively accomplished this by connecting these various capacities, with a typical aim to investigate and illuminate.

It’s assortments incorporate more than 2,000,000 specimens gathered between the 1910s and the present, containing the Cowan Tetrapod Assortment, the Marine Invertebrate Assortment, the Fossil Assortment, the Herbarium, the Spencer Entomological Assortment, and the Fish Assortment. The assortments center specifically around the types of English Columbia, Yukon, and the Pacific Coast. The gallery’s most conspicuous display is a 25-meter (82foot) skeleton of a Blue Whale.

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Figure 026.

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Beaty Biodiversity Center exterior view

On the northern side of the court is the Aquatic Ecosystems research lab. The whole building measuring 5,150 square meters synthesize interdisciplinary research groups around an atrium connecting the building on 4 floors. Social spaces near this atrium are situated to strengthen the educational feeling and also to foster fortuitous interactions among professors, students and various research units. As in upper levels there are faculties, loft areas / virtual laboratory for students and several meeting rooms, while being in the top floor there are massive public rooms, which they take part in the urban life where the campus is situated.

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Figure 027.

Beaty Biodiversity Center interior view

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2.1.2 Design Concept The central north / south spine of the University of British Columbia, the Beaty Biodiversity Center and the Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory are situated on main mall. These 2 form a diverse of similar environmental studies; they are a new campus area coordinated around a generous outdoor courtyard with new pedestrian-bike cross-campus links.

The museum ‘s main exposition site inside the Beatity Biodiversity Center is its glass “laminar,” where the museum exhibits its exhibitions from the inside out in a spectacular way, making it possible for its installments to be seen through the glass façade by becoming the “main sponsor” of its complex. This same Beaty Biodiversity Center consists of a natural history museum, a large collection of natural history, research facilities and associated offices.

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2.1.3 Program & Access Around 3 sides of its courtyard, this whole 11,500 sq.m project is organized, the Beaty Biodiversity Museum occupies the western-side along Main Mall.

The museum ‘s major exhibition space itself is glass “lantern”, which contains a huge skeleton of a Blue Whale. Readily accessible from this exhibition area are the large collections of natural history, located underneath the central courtyard. The remainder eastern and southern sides of its project are occupied by a research laboratories as well as agencies. Its labs are regularly organized on the eastern side of the project, whilst also commercial and gathering spaces with in it’s courtyard have been organized quite casually to create a sense of academia. An open staircase, just outside of the office courtyard as well as the meeting areas, connects informal social spaces in a vertical way. Also on northern area of the court is just the Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory.

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Figure 029.

First Floor Plan

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Figure 030.

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Second Floor Plan

Figure 031.

Third Floor Plan

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2.1.4 The Atrium & The Sustainable Design This same atrium is a key component of the ecologic ecologies research facility ‘s sustainable design strategy.

Glazed at the top, it integrates with flexible northern side glazing and measurement tool that helps controlling measures in order to bring daytime light inside the interior, thereby minimizing artificial illumination dependence. This same atrium even functions as an air-pulling natural ventilation stack, which eliminates the need for a standard mechanical ventilation. This building naturally ventilates during summer nights to lower the temperature of the concrete structure, acting as a radiant refrigerating floor throughout the day and, eradicating such a need to maintain air conditioning on the 3 top floors. Thus, the Laboratory for Aquatic Ecosystems Research was certified as LEED Gold.

Figure 032. Hanging Blue Whales Skeletal systems in the Atrium

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2.2 The Blue Planet -(Existing Project) General information: Location: KASTRUP, DENMARK Architects: 3XN Completion date : 2013 Total Project area: 17000 sq.m Construction cost: 275 US million The Blue Planet is Europe’s largest and most significant aquarium with an outstanding location on the shores of Øresund, only eight kilometres from the Copenhagen City Hall Square. Moreover, the aquarium in Taarnby Municipality is ideally located with motorways, Copenhagen Airport, the Øresund Bridge, Metro and international trains within few hundred meters.

The Blue Planet will be one of Denmark’s five most prominent tourist attractions. At the tourism conference “A New Way to Grow” 2012, the Blue Planet was chosen as Denmark’s best lighthouse project within experience economy, because of its potential for growth, influence on regional development, innovation, realization as well as its uniqueness and ‘reason to go’.

Denmark’s Aquarium was founded by civil engineer and contractor Knud Højgaard. It opened for the public in 1939 just four months before the break out of World War II and seven months before the occupation of Denmark. The consequence was closed borders and considerable problems in getting hold of exotic animals to the aquarium. However, through an impressive effort with Danish and home reared fish the aquarium was kept open and active. After the war, the aquarium was in a bad shape, and Knud Højgaard initiated extensive renovations. During the next decades the building went through several modernizations and enlargements.

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Chapter 2 2.2.1 Design concept Denmark’s National Museum shape was influenced by the motion of water forming the shape of a whirlpool. The shape itself explains what lies ahead in there. The inspirational idea has a tale about water. Meanwhile as an image, it is an abstract and illustrative at the mean time. It stirs attention by its distinctive vortex shaped blades where as a building its shape differs dramatically depending on which angle, what distance you see it from as well as the lighting conditions whether its dar or night. From a high distance, it looks as if it is entirely white and that the contours of a the building reminds you of the shape of a starfish.

Organic outlines of the building are clear representations of silver-gray waves or a huge creature from either side perspective. The layout of the façade reminds of the scales of fish. The design invites you to interpret what you see in your own.

Figure 035. The Blue Planet Form Determination

Figure 036. The Blue Planet Conceptual Developement

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The Blue Planet Aquarium is located on a raised headland towards the sea, North of Kastrup harbour.

The building’s distinctive shape is clearly visible for travelers arriving by plane to the nearby Copenhagen Airport. Over 33,000 small diamond-shaped aluminium shingles, which is adapts to the building’s organic form. The ideology behind the concept of the whirlpool wasnt only chosen as an ideal but also for its visual association. As when the functional obstacles in the conceptual design was resolved: This would mean that either of its arms could be extended by over 30 percent that would provide an additional display areas in a relatively convenient way without disrupting the integrity of the building or the function of the aquarium.

Figure 037 The Blue Planet Location & Context

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Chapter 2 2.2.2 Project Analysis Guests arrive at the passageway by following the first and longest of the whirlpool’s arms, previously beginning in the scene. With a smooth change, the scene outperforms the structure, while the outside lakes mark the exceptional experience that anticipates the guests of the aquarium as they enter: the whirlpool has brought them into a different universe a world underneath the outside of the ocean. A round lobby is the focal point of movement around the aquarium, and it is here that guests pick which waterway, lake, or sea to investigate. The risk of queues in front of individual aquariums is reduced by enabling multiple routes. Its interior vary from its magnificent to cozy spaces, empowering the architecture as well to its exhibitions in order to share a variety of different conditions and mind-sets. The bended roofs of the aquarium are suggestive of the baleens of an extraordinary great Blue Whale.

Figure 035. Conceptual Developement

Figure 038. The Blue Planet Model

Figure 036. Zoning Developement

Figure 039. Ground Floor Horizontal Section Plan

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Figure 040. Ground Floor Plan

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Figure 041. Section + Details

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Figure 042. Perspective Section + Details

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Chapter 2 2.2.4 Construction & Structure The building extends beyond the initial coastline, putting unique conditions on the layout of the infrastructure in a land with a potential to decline. The system is based on piles and all the sewage systems are suspended in the concrete structure. The specification of the exterior exterior of the building thus creates the steel frameworks that forms the foundation. The loading system consists of 54 single steel frames that serve as the basis of the curved façades thanks to their radial positioning and design. And in order to get favorable water for the massive fish tanks, the service line was developed 1.7 km into Øresund. In addition, sea water is already used by the aquarium and public air-conditioning air conditioning systems. At the shore of Öresund that is just 8 kilometers away from Copenhagen City Hall Square, the Blue Planet offers an excellent spot. It’s quite a few hundred meters away from the highways, airport and the Bridge of Øresund, metro and railways.

Figure 043. Roof Structure

Figure 044. Structure Information Modelling

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Chapter 2 2.2.5 Summary 1.

Inspired by the shape of water in endless motion, Denmark’s new National Aquarium. The Blue Planet is shaped as a great whirlpool and judging by the shape building itself tells the story of what awaits inside.

2.

From the front, the organic outlines of the building resembles silvery-gray waves or large animals, and the facade design recalls fish scales on closer examination.

3.

It draws interest with its particular vortex edges, but at the meantime as a building, its view of display among distances and lighting shift drastically.

4.

The landscape overcomes the building with such a seamless transition, whereas the public pools are the unique event that aquarium guests expect when entering: the whirlpool is yet another aspect, a realm underneath the surface of the water.

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2.3 One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion -(Existing Project) General information Location: Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea Program: Research and Science Architect: SOMA lima Completion Year: 2010-2012 Total Project area: 6900 sq.m Client: The organising committee for Expo 2012 This facility, chosen as a first award-winner during a competitive global competition in 2009, revives a new walk across a former industrial port. The façade system , consisting of glass fibers enforced polymers (GFRP) which can be transformed into a variety of motifs, are recognized with its fish-like features. Influenced by a research study of ITKE University of Stuttgart, the incorporation of the move-able lamelas within the building skin examines how well the biological process of movement can be extended to an architectural scale.

Along with Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering, it was designed to bring forward-looking innovative technologies to the community.

The design for the permanent Thematic Pavilion emerged as the winning entry of an open international competition in 2009. According to Soma, their concept is aimed at embodying the theme of the EXPO “the living ocean and coast” in a multi-layered way which visitors can experience directly.

The idea was not to communicate the intention of the EXPO , to promote the responsible use of natural resources , by means of gestures , but to implement this in architectural form , soma therefore developed a sustainable climate concept for the pavilion and the bionic principle of lamella facade.

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Chapter 2 2.3.1 Design Concept As a major and permanent facility the Thematic Pavilion embodies the Expo’s theme “The Living Ocean and Coast” in manifold ways. We experience the sea in two different ways, as an unending surface and – from a lowered point of view – as profundity. The experience of the ocean as an interminable surface and as a profundity was the calculated reason for the plan of the exhibition spaces. Constant surfaces twist from vertical chambers into level planes, producing two distinctive display zones: the media presentation in the vertical spaces permits guests to “drench themselves”, in a manner of speaking, in the topic of the Exhibition.

Interestingly, the “Best Practice Zone” on the even degrees of the upper floor capacities is an adaptable presentation space for developments from the fields of exploration and innovation.

Persistent advances between contrary energies likewise describe the outer appearance of the Topical Structure. In the event that one perspective the Structure from the ocean, the thick course of action of the display modules makes another wandering coastline. Seen from the land, the structure shows up as an open fake scene with winding ways, rooftop gardens, and review stages. The geographical lines of the rooftop scene thusly converge into the moveable lamellas of the dynamic media veneer, which faces the passage to the Exhibition and the ‘Advanced Display’. The displays inside this Structure will offer guests a review and prologue to the subject of the Exhibition: ‘The Living Sea and Coast’.

2.3.2 Urban Context In an old industrial port basin, a lasting building has been constructed along the unique waterfront. After the exhibition, the promenade will function as a metropolitan beach that offers visitors and residents recreational activities.

Figure 045. Conceptual Sketches

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Figure 046. Ground Floor Plan + First Floor Plan

Figure 047. Sections

Chapter 2

2.3.3 Program & Access Its main entry is facing the Ocean Plaza, partly shaded by the building’s overhang, creating a guest waiting area. The hallway is designed as an open, swirling space confronting the roadway, whose limits are defined by its twisted surfaces.

But at the other hand, the sight of the sea is enclosed by vertical surfaces as well to the triangular openings on the side facing the sea.

Following the space pattern the exhibition modules (cylinders) were modified. The 1000m2 area of the actual show, with a remarkable room height of 20 m, is crossed by the tinier cylinder before the-show at a room height of 6 m.

Guests then proceed to the Post Show’s more intimate areas as well as to the floating platform. The open-plan flexible exhibition area as well to the roof can be accessed by interested guests through lifts placed in the upper level in the recommended practice area.

The third showroom is the roof ’s landscape. Gardens with a vairety of local plants and a 360 degree perspective view of the surrounding context and the Expo site are to be found at that site. The guests must walk through the meandering wide angle ramp that leads down to the promenade towards the exit.

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2.3.4 Project Program Analysis

Figure 048. Pavilion Back View

2.3.5 Analogue Effects The kinetic exterior, as that of the entire building, illustrates the several potentialities of physical architectural effects as a counterpart with the interactive digital displays of the thematic exhibition within the interior areas. L amellas had already been Proposed after that during the competition stage along with Knippers Helbig Engineers. The smoother movable exterior has been the result, which is seamlessly incorporated into the pavilion ‘s total uninterrupted skin. A biomimetic approach was therefore conducted to obtain the architectural purpose of a mechanical solution which applied hinges and joints. S moother motion resembles organic comparisons, the construction itself appears lively “In addition, the biomimetic begin to interact with the customer’s requirement to establish t he thematic pavilion is a presentation of a potential nature-oriented architecture.

The cinematic façade blends as an interactive, exciting experience, sensory experiences along with the sensations. Thus, innovatively and researchfully expressing the topic of the Expo.

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2.3.6 Biomimetic Approach The outside covers a hard and fast length of around 140 m and is between 3 m and 13 m high.

It involves 108 unique lamellas, which are maintained at the top and the base edge of the façade.

Lamellas are comprised of glass fiber fortified polymers (FRP), which combine high inflexibility with low bowing strength, allowing reversible flexible bends. The lamellas are moved by actuators on both the top and base edge of the FRP sharp edges, which induce compel forces to make the awesome adaptable misshapen. They decline the partition between the two-course and as such brief a bowing which achieves a side turn of the lamella. The actuator of the lamellas is a screw shaft driven by a servomotor. A PC controlled vehicle structure allows the synchronization of the actuators. Each lamella can be tended to freely inside a specific reasoning of advancement to show different developments and movement modes. upper and lower motors consistently work with backwards power necessities (driving and easing back down). Appropriately delivered energy can be dealt with whenever it’s crashed once again into the close by system to save energy.

The material presentation of the biomimetic lamellas creates an interrelated impact of calculation, development and light: The more extended the single lamella the more extensive the point of opening the greater the zone influenced by light.

Figure 049. One Ocean Pavilion Exterior shot

Figure 050. One Ocean Pavilion Interior shot

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Figure 051. One Ocean Pavilion entrance shot

Figure 052. Space allocation diagram

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Chapter 2 2.3.7 Kinetic Facade Besides their ability to control light conditions in the lobby and the Best Practice Zone, moving the lamellas make a vivified design on the façade. The development will go from subtle neighborhood improvements to all in all waves influencing the whole length of the structure.

The auxiliary desire was to convey a development and imagery out of the structure’s own layers, without indicating any further media “content”. After dusk, the straightforward improved representation of the moving lamellas is increased by straight Drove bars, which are arranged at the inward side of the front edge of the lamella. In an open position, the Drove can light the neighboring lamella depending upon the underlying point it is taking its revolution.

While motion is inherent in all media façades, design is generally considered a stable, steady environment. By means of real motion, the kinetic face tries to unify the several layers of architectural design & media that are often isolated and defines them as a threefold knowledge that is interconnected and inseparable.

Instead of passing on “content”, the active outside adds a climatic layer to the Topical Structure that relies upon straightforward effects or “mentality”. The development will rely upon hypothetical instances of concealing, different movements of development, or assortment in the purposes of opening and closing.

Figure 053. One Ocean Pavilion Facade

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Figure 054. One Ocean Pavilion

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Figure 055. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade - Top View

Figure 056. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade - movement from closed to 60° opening: One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South Korea Lamella façade - movement from closed to 60° opening

Figure 058. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade at night with LED lighting: One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South Korea Lamella façade at night with LED lighting One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade at night with LED lighting: One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South Korea Lamella façade at night with LED lighting

Figure 057. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade - elevation

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Figure 059. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade - Side View

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2.3.8 Climate concept

2.3.10 Findings

Figure 060. Climate Engineering Diagram

In order to enable a proper air circulation of the hallway as well as the best practical areas, the conflicting areas in between the exhibition modules are directed to the prevalent wind direction. That cooler air conditioning is delivered through the floors in vertical exhibition spaces so that the amount of air conditioning is reduced.

The kinetic facade’s lamellas monitor solar energy input by day. Solar farming panels at the rooftop provide power to operate the service engineering plant. In order to minimize energy consumption and improve productivity the climate characteristics of the building were analyzed and tested in detail

by Transsolar.

Project: Location: Architect:

• Project’s Target Thematic Pavilion is among the major buildings of the EXPO in Yeosu, South Korea. The aim of Soma’s project was to develop a lasting landmark that harmonizes with its surrounding natural & urban context.

• Design Concept The idea was taken from sea experience as an infinite surface and depth was the ideas and initiatives for the design layout of the displayed modules. Constant surfaces are settled from vertical to horizontal cylinders that generate two distinct display areas: multi-media display in a vertical open space enables guests to “submerge” in the EXPO theme, thus to speak. A flexible exhibition space for research and technological innovations functions as a horizontal level of the upper level.

2.3.9 Structure The various appearances of the structure open towards the Show site and negligible towards the sea are in like manner guided in the constraints of the site.

Confronting the vast ocean the fortified solid concrete cones keep the structure from getting harmed through storms and high waves. The rooftop and the dynamic exterior have steel sub-structures. though the active exterior is created out of FRP and utilizes the material qualities and adaptability for its method of activity.

One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion Yeosu-si, Jeollanam-do, South Korea1 SOMA lima

Figure 061. Wall Section of kinetic facade

• Urban Context In an old industrial port basin, a lasting building has been constructed along the unique waterfront. After the exhibition, the promenade will function as a metropolitan beach that offers visitors and residents recreational activities.

Figure 062. Construction phase

•

Kinetic Facade While motion is inherent in all media façades, design is generally considered a stable, steady environment.

By means of real motion, the kinetic face tries to unify the several layers of architectural design & media that are often isolated and defines them as a threefold knowledge that is interconnected and inseparable.

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Figure 063. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion (Expo 2012), Yeosu, South KoreaLamella façade - Night Lighting- Elevation view

2.4 Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum -(Existing Project) General information Location: Program: Architect: Completion Year: Total Project area: Type:

Karlovac, Croatia Public, Sports 3LHD 2013 - 2015 8327 sq.m Cultural/ Aquarium

On the Korana river, the Karlovac freshwater aquarium ceases to exist. The mass of the building has been slightly dug into the ground and covered with earthern dams from its outer shell. Throughout the natural surroundings, the aquarium building is surrounded by vegetation. The facility is surrounded by an entry square, coffee bar, souvenir shop, library and offices.

The exhibition showcases flora & fauna in a sequential layout, displaying river habitats mostly from source to the mouth as well as following their complete workflow from Croatian flora & fauna along with their ecosystems.

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2.4.1 Design concept

2.4.2 Project Program Analysis

The idea of the architecture was inspired by “Šanci” – protective earthen walls and mounds – in the city’s historical center “Karlovac Star.” Thereby here, the primary aim is to create a new city center and justify the promenade as a new tourist destination.

There are already three walkable routes; to the city center & the river, south & sport area & leisure facilities, eastern side and road networks. These three walkable routes have been thus created. At the intersection of the footpaths is a new point, a square that includes all aquarium facilities: entrance areas, souvenir shop, the coffee shop, the library and offices.

Aquarium facilities are concealed around the square to leave the Natural Korana Valley undisturbed.

Figure 064. 3D Plan

Figure 065. Conceptual Diagram

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2.4.3 Plans

Figure 066. Site Plan

Figure 067. Basement Plan

Figure 068. Basement Plan II

Figure 069. Elevations

Figure 070. Sections

Figure 071. Aquarium Hall

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Chapter 2

2.4.4 The Exhibition

2.4.5 The Aquarium

The aquarium introduces the Croatian rivers’ flora and fauna species along with their living habitats. This exhibit style, together with its flora , fauna and ecosystems, reflects the stream of the Karst River. The exhibition along with a surface of water upon its square, starts outdoors. It proceeds with such a ramp network inside the building that winds down like a river to the basement floor, rare species of flora and fauna need total control on the lighting conditions in desire to survive and progress.

Aquariums are situated on the top, bottom and around the routes of the guest.o Throughout the pedestrian ramps, fish were first observed at the top of the corridors while guests are walking along the whole artificial rivers, later from the sides they were seen underneath the water’s surface. Just after headwaters river-systems, the sound effects are steadily calm, guests dive into caves that display rare species which are usually found in underground rivers.

Headwater is the farthest place on the top of the river, where the sound is calm and still, while visitors plunge into caves with endangered species often spotted through underlying rivers.

Area is expanding as the lighting comes from the water containers, guests may rest in the central area, got to hear the sound effects recorded with in the caves and watch the captured rare species being displayed. Following the cave, guests reach the fish tanks with larger specimens of rare and natural habitats in Croatia.

Guests can watch fish and various aquatic plant species that grow in warmer areas along riverbeds. Fish tanks can be seen on the side as well as from the bottom as guests approach a corridor that conveys a dive within the river. he Right after you pass the corridor, guests will pass through a number of fish tanks, mainly found in riverside habitats, along with water lily pads & streams. The exhibition comes to an end with such a recurrent system of fish tanks with waterfalls and a natural stone barrier on their biotopes.

In the end, guests come back to the reception room through the charity kiosks located mainly near stairs and escalators. This facility includes areas for the study of water emerging technologies, scientifical research hub & fish acclimatization areas.

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Figure 072. Exhibition Shots

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Figure 073. Aquarium Shots

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Figure 074. Exterior Shots

Chapter 2 2.4.6 Orientation of the building The Square is directly connected to all three volumes; the museum, the library with the coffee shop as well to the commercial spaces. Thus every part faces the square with only one exterior face. The facades confronting the sides of the plot are “unnoticeable,” along with the earthenware covering the rear ends and rooftops serving as a part public spaces and walking paths. At the eastern side of the Korana bank, rooftop gardens “conceal” the mansion and conserves natural landscape. Meanwhile, the three separate masses act as distinctive projects or blended together, just as an essential component of the museum.

2.4.7 Material Selection Concrete used on the exterior is a pigmented and installed directly on the building site in such a specific insitu process.In able to reach a desirable result, the special form & scale of grains was chosen to provide the colour of its façade mimic that is blended with color of Earth. Next, mostly on surface, cement has been properly applied, vibrated in layers and cultured for an amount of time. The vessel is sprayed by a cement slurry retardant in order to delay the binding process in the cement until it is applied on the exterior.

That cement surface is then cleaned to achieve a particular texture after the framework is stripped. The aggregate particles became evident as well as for the composition & the shape of both full & durable surface of the concrete becomes clearly defined.

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Figure 075. Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum Panoramic View

Chapter 2

2.4.8 Findings Project: Location: Architect:

Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum

Karlovac, Croatia 3LHD

• Project’s Target The objective was to create a new center and to verify the river promenade.

• Design Concept The mass of the building is partially excavated into the ground and covered with terracotta and greenery. The conceptual design has been influenced by “Šanci” – defense mechanism earthen walls and piles – throughout the historic center “Karlovac star” of the city.

• The Aquarium Guests can watch fish and various aquatic plant species that grow in warmer areas along riverbeds. Fish tanks can be seen on the side as well as from the bottom as guests approach a corridor that conveys a dive within the river.

• Buildings’s Orientation The facades confronting the sides of the plot are “unnoticeable,” along with the earthenware covering the rear ends and rooftops serving as a part public spaces and walking paths. At the eastern side of the Korana bank, rooftop gardens “conceal” the mansion and conserves natural landscape.

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2.5 Suncheon International Wetlands Center -(Competition Project) General information Location: 540 Ochon Dong Suncheon city, South Korea Architect: G.Lab* by Gansam Architects & Associates Project Architect: Chuloh Jung Competition Year: 2009 Project built area: 8300 sq.m Site Area: 33000 sq.m Client: Republic of Korea Over 2.8 million people visit Korea’s Suncheon Wetlands every year, which is the fifth largest tidal flat in the world. Gansam Architects’ G.lab * designed a visitor center to host them, which works both to improve and protect the wetland on which it is constructed. It is not an easy feat, but the architects managed to create a minimally invasive project that goes hand in hand with the tide flow. Suncheon Bay is a wetland of 3,550 hectares protected by Ramsar in Korea. In its shallow salt marshes, over 25 endangered species can be found.

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Chapter 2 2.5.1 Design Concept In order to merge the surrounding mountains and wetlands with their surroundings and conserve them, Gansam Architects project was conceived. A green roof covers a large part of the building and the plan is inspired by the inflows and exits of the wetland’s tides. In order to optimize environmental characteristics, the project is divided into separate areas, a clear but realistic technique for reduction of their energy consumption. Each of the rooms has been designed to optimize access to the daylight and the whole system designed to mitigate the site disturbance.

The heart was designed to accommodate visitors who arrived at the fifth largest tidal flat in the world, taking them from Suncheon Bay through the wetlands. The receding tides had an influence on the architecture and fluidity of the structures and walking routes. Traffic provides a wonderful sense thus helping visitors to experience the sensual and picturesque wetlands as well as woods to see on the opposite side.

There have also been recesses in the paths in order to see how the wetlands develop under a stilt structure.

The waves and levels generated by the trails and buildings in the countryside reinforce the natural change in topping from the wetland to the forest, thus creating a meeting place for the two.

Through the separation of the various building functions and using different envelope to maintain more control of the use of energy , sustainable architectural practices are introduced. The design also plans the green roof and wooden façade for the integration into the surrounding area using passive strategies to minimize light in summer and to increase winter illumination.

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Figure 076. Suncheon International Wetlands Center promenade shot

Chapter 2 2.5.2 Space Allocation The visitor center on the northeast corner of the site has a series of paths which encourage visitors and lead to wetlands and exhibitions. Visitors will observe the choreography for the topographic change from forest to wetland. Both the photovoltaic view of mountains beyond and the river are optimised by the building position which provides a visual continuation of the water and the tourist route. Buildings and pedestrian walkways are meant to have a minimum effect on the natural order of the protected wetland.

2.5.3 Building functionality

Figure 077. Suncheon International Wetlands Center Top view

Figure 078. Suncheon International Wetlands Center Exterior shot

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In order to allow greater climate control and reduce overall energy use, building functions are divided into distinctly different envelopes. The green roof follows the mountain language above, allowing the interior of the gallery to deliver unblocked views of nature.

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Figure 079. Ground Floor Plan

Figure 080. First Floor Plan

Chapter 2

2.5.4 Building Facade Design The wooden façade aims to minimize exposure to the summer’s sunshine and maximize the possible daylight during winter as well as to adapt along with the surrounding forests in the north. Light helps improve the mood of the Center’s gallery as it passes through these wooden framed pattern facade.

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Figure 081. Sections

Figure 082. Elevations

2.6 Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre -(Project) General information Location: Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Architect: X-Architects Project Program: Visiting Project Year: 2016 Total area: 2534 sq.m Type: Natural Reserve Client: Environmental & Protected Area Authority (EPAA) The Wasit Normal Save includes a mix of sand rises, salt pads, and tidal ponds, outlined by three slim structure volumes and a network of woven overhangs.

It allows its guests to observe various species of birds in their new artificial nature-adopted habitat. In addition that it serves in gathering more information about various types of animal species from birds, reptiles and animals providing job opportunities for researchers and veterinarians.

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Chapter 2 2.6.1 Location The 4.5-square-kilometer site, which is located in the Emirate of Sharjah, northern area of Dubai, was initially a landfill for both garbage and waste water.

2.6.2 Sustainability A task to restore the region began in 2005 and included clearing more than 40,000 square meters of garbage, re-planting 35,000 trees, healing the soil from toxic contaminants and maintaining the rare salt flats and coastal sand dunes. Following quite a while of endeavors to reestablish non-transient winged animals to the district, Wasit Nature Save has now gotten a home to around 350 different types of birds. In order to continue to protect the natural environment, as well to as educate the individuals on the biodiversity of the ecological system and provide info about birds that occupies the region & marshland of the emirates, a mire visitor centre is set up on site. For those who research & observe birds as a profession & as a habit , the facility has become paradise.

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Figure 083. Wasit Centre’s Site plan

Chapter 2 2.6.3 Design Concept & Space Allocation Without losing its usefulness as a nature reserve, Dubai-based X Architects are tasked with designing buildings for the site. The team split the curriculum into three fields to achieve this, which produced long, thin masses. Where every mass intersects its neighbor, forming this immense H-shaped plan which defines multiple areas.

In order to reduce the visual effect on the natural scene, the architecture of the centre integrates with its setting and uses the current topography. A corridor takes them underground into a linear gallery as visitors arrive. A fully translucent wall helps tourists to observe and experience a little of the birds’ natural world. Between that of house, sanctuary slot in, providing designated bird spaces for herons, ibises and seed-eaters.

Main entry of this building leads to the underground galleries which already stretches around the property from side to side, and seems to be completely devoted to wildlife observation. The coffee shop at the furthest end gives us a glimpse of the biggest lake. Meanwhile, the 3rd mass, that passes through the gallery that is close from the entry, includes so many other services. It comprises lecture halls, rooms for exhibits, offices, nursery areas and a store for presents. Wasit centre also contains over 35,000 trees which can help in purifying the climate, meaning over the long run that, the region will keep-on accomodating more of the birdlife species.

Figure 084. Program Analysis

Figure 085. Conceptual Design

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Figure 086. Ground Floor plan

Figure 087. Sections

Figure 088. Wasit Centre Interior Gallery shots

Figure 089. Wasit Centre Exterior shots

Chapter 2

Chapter 2

2.6.5 Findings

2.6.4 Project Program Analysis

Project: Location: Architect:

Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre Sharjah, United Arab Emirates X-Architects

• Project’s Target The team split the curriculum into three fields to achieve this, which produced long, thin masses.

Where every mass intersects its neighbor, forming this immense H-shaped plan which defines multiple areas.

• Design Concept In order to reduce the visual effect on the natural scene, the architecture of the centre integrates with its setting and uses the current topography.

• Location The 4.5-square-kilometer site, which is located in the Emirate of Sharjah, northern area of Dubai, was initially a landfill for both garbage and waste water.

•

Sustainability A task to restore the region began in 2005 and included clearing more than 40,000 square meters of garbage, re-planting 35,000 trees, healing the soil from toxic contaminants and maintaining the rare salt flats and coastal sand dunes.

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2.6.6 Preliminary Conceptual Design

Figure 090. Program Sectional Diagram

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2.6.7 Comparative Analysis

Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre

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Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum

One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion

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PROGRAM

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Chapter C H A P T E R --3 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 3

3.0 Program

3.0.1 Main Activities

The project will include varitey of activites related to marine life activities, dividing these activities into 3 different zones: • Main Activities • Services • Supportive Activities

The project’s Main Activities are: • • • • • • •

Aquarium Auditorium Galleries Exhibition Halls Research Labs Galleries Scuba Diving

Auditorium

Main Activities

Scuba Diving

Supportive

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Aquarium

Galleries

Research Labs

Exhibition Halls

Services

Strong Connection

Strong Connection

Moderate Connection

Moderate Connection

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Chapter 3

3.0.3 Supportive Activities

3.0.4 Services

The project’s Supportive Activities are: • • • • • • • •

The project’s provides services such as:

Administrations Atrium Plaza Outdoor Amphitheatre Meeting rooms Multipurpose Halls Cafe Shops Restaurants

• • • • • • • •

Adminstration

Parking lots Drop off Area VIP Section Lobby / Foyer Security room Emergency Staircases Elevators Stores

• • • • • • •

Toilets Control room Mechanical room Generator room Pantries Expertimental rooms Loading docks

VIP Section

Atrium Drop off area

Lobby/Foyer

Parking lots

Security room Stores

Outdoor amphitheatre

Plaza

Elevators

Meeting rooms Emergency Staircases Toilets

Control room

Pantries

Multipurpose Halls

Cafe Shops

Restaurants

Generator room

Mechanical room Experimental rooms

Strong Connection Moderate Connection

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Strong Connection

Loading docks

Moderate Connection

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3.1 Definitions

Public

• • • • • •

General program

Exhibtion Halls Galleries Aquarium Auditorium Scuba Diving Reseach Labs

Main activities

Semi-Public • • • • • • • •

Multipurpose Halls Meeting rooms Plaza Administration› Cafe Restaurants Atrium Outdoor amphitheatre

Parking Pantries Public Toilets Loading bay Elevators Staircases Lobby/Foyer Drop off areas Mechanical room Generator room Control rooms Security room Stores Experimental rooms

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• Galleries

Has the same function of the exhibition halls but the shape of the space is not limited as a big hall

• Aquarium

A huge water tanks to accomodate marine life species

• Auditorium • Scuba Diving

A part of a building where audience gathers for an event A watersport activity where a team of professional divers accompany you to dive along the aquarium

• Research Labs

A place holding scientific and technology experiments

• Multipurpose Halls

Spaces that has interchangable activities

• Meeting rooms

Rooms where workers meet to discuss achievements

Supportive activities • Plaza • Administration

Private

• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Spaces Definition • Exhibtion Halls Big halls for exhibiting or holding art displays or shows

Services

Double roof used for events Workers who hold and organize the building

• cafe

Space where light meals and drinks is provided

• Restaurants

Space where food & beverage is provided

• Atrium

Double roof entrance hall

• Outdoor amphiteatre

And outdoor sloped floor holding seats for formal presentations

• Parking

Space to organize the cars of the visitors

• Pantries

Small room or cupboard in which food and crockery are kept.

• Toilets

Water sinks, toilet seats

• Loading docks Service drop off for trucks • Elevators

Automatic vertical circulation

• Staircases

Manual vertical circulation

• Lobby/Foyer

Space at the entrance

• Drop off areas Space near the entrance where visitors are dropped by vehicle • Mechanical room

Space in a building dedicated to the mechanical equipment

• Generator room

A space to sit the generator and provide the emergency power

• Control room

A space to monitor and control the building facilities

• Security room

A room for the security person

• Experimental room

A room where all discovered species or remains are kept and investigated

• Stores

A room to store certain objects

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No. of Users

100

-

3

-

3

-

1

50 -75 150

-

600

-

150

-

75

-

450 - 600

-

150

-

-

-

-

-

25 - 40 -

-

-

-

• Total Built up area:

-

23,790 sqm

90

• Total Project area:

sqm

150

31,317.5 sqm

sqm

225 Ocean

1000 - 1200 800 - 900

3000

3000 sqm

450 - 600 450 - 600

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3.2.1 One Ocean Thematic Pavilion Moved toward an all-out floor region of 20,000 m2 on two stories off the shore of the exhibition site, the subject structure will be made out of a thematic exhibition facility of the ocean and a coastal monster practice region (OCBPA), to where the best practice cases from around the globe will be displayed, it will have the option to accomodate up to 3,000 guests.

As a significant and perpetual office, the Thematic Pavilion typifies the Expo’s subject “The Living Ocean and Coast” in complex ways. We experience the sea in two different ways, as a perpetual surface and – from a lowered viewpoint – as profundity. The experience of the ocean as an unending surface and as profundity was the theoretical reason for the plan of the display modules. Persistent surfaces twist from vertical chambers into flat planes, producing two distinctive show regions: the media display in the vertical spaces permits guests to “inundate themselves”, in a manner of speaking, in the topic of the EXPO. Interestingly, the “Best Practice Area” on the even degrees of the upper floor capacities is an adaptable presentation space for developments from the fields of examination and innovation.

Consistent changes between differentiating encounters additionally structure the external appearance of the Pavilion.

Towards the ocean, the aggregation of strong solid cones characterizes another wandering coastline, a delicate edge that is in steady exchange among water and land. Inverse side the structure creates out of the ground into a fake scene with levels and beautiful ways. The geographical lines of the rooftop transform into lamellas of the active media façade that faces the Expo’s passageway and causes to notice the structure after nightfall The three sub-subjects will be featured through four Sub-topic Pavilions (Marine Life Pavilion or Aquarium, Climate, and Environment Pavilion, Marine industry Technology Pavilion, Marine Civilization Pavilion, and Marine City Pavilion) and the Expo Digital Gallery (Marine Arts).

The Soma One Ocean Pavilion was chosen as the main prize victor of an open worldwide rivalry in Yeosu, South Korea, the topical structure was intended to exemplify the Expo’s topic.

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Chapter 3 3.2.2 Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River The pedestrian courses incorporate in three essential manners: western towards the midtown region and the promenade, southern towards the neighboring polyvalent domain used for shows, and eastern towards the basic road approach and the arena. The aquarium workplaces are concealed around the square without bothering the normal Korana valley. Every one of the three segments of the aquarium building can be entered from the square: the introduction, the examining room with a bistro bar, and the working environment spaces. Each part has recently a solitary façade the one orchestrated towards the Square.

The aquarium introduction shows the greenery of Croatian streams and their natural networks, geographical history, standard culture, and history of the four streams of the Karlovac bowl.

The show configuration takes after the flood of a normal karst stream along with its vegetation, fauna, and biodiversity. The introduction starts outside, on the square. It continues inside the working with a course of action of grades that breeze like a stream down into the tornado shelter level since specific plant and animal species require to finish control of lighting conditions remembering the ultimate objective to endure.

The introduction design straightly shows the different stream conditions from its source to mouth, following its entire stream.

Aquariums are set along, above, and underneath the visitor ways Along the bystander slants the fish are first observed from above, as they are while walking around the stream; and after that from the sides they can be seen underneath the water surface. The visitors check out the traces of the streaming stream, simultaneously going down the grade structure and following the stream as it streams.

Visitors plunge into hollows that part endemic species which are uncommon in nature, every now and again found in underground streams. Space broadens, lighting starts from the tanks, and visitors can appreciate a respite in the central reach, set down on cushions, check out the sounds recorded in natural hollows, and watch the indicated endemic species. After the surrender, the visitors get in contact to an aquarium with greater instances of phenomenal species that have evaporated from their normal living spaces in Croatia. The meaningful stream ascends out of the underground to the surface.

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The visitors can watch the fish and maritime plants that live in more sizzling pieces of the riverbed. The aquariums are seen from the side, and after that from underneath as the visitors walk around an entry that brings out immersion into a stream. After the entry, visitors experience a movement of aquariums with water lilies and floods by and large show downstream, in the damp natural environmental factors of a stream.

The show closes with a course of action of falling aquariums whose biotopes show cascades and a travertine impediment. Finally, a flight of stairs and a lift reestablish the visitors to the way entryway.

Figure 065. Conceptual Diagram (Refer to page 122)

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Chapter 3

3.2.3 Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre Arranged in the Emirates of Sharjah, north of Dubai,the 4.5 sqm site was at first a waste water and garbage dump. The recuperation system of the hurt organic network started in 2005, 40,000m2 of waste was disposed of, 35,000 trees been re-planted, recovering the land from hazardous synthetic compounds and protection of the Unique salt cushions and waterfront sand edges. Following a long time of difficult work to return the non-transient winged animals to the site, WNR is at present home to 350 kinds of fowls, an appearance zone for 33,000 move winged creatures, and a breathing lung to the emirate of Sharjah.

A wetland visitor center is set up close by to continue making sure about the customary territory, show people on the extravagance of the wetland organic framework and gives information about the fowls that persistent the reach and various wetlands locales of the emirate. The workplace advanced toward turning out to be heaven for winged creature watchers and researchers.

Opened since November, the Wasit Natural Reserve incorporates a mix of sand slopes, salt cushions and lagoons, enclosed by three slight structure volumes and an arrangement of woven shades. It invites visitors to watch a wide scope of winged creatures in a trademark living space, yet likewise trains them about these species. Besides, it offers workplaces to researchers and obliges a veterinary gathering.

The target was set of on planning structures for the site without trading off its usefulness as a nature hold. To accomplish this, the group separated the program up into three zones, and made long slim volumes for each. Every volume covers a colossal H-formed its neighbour, making arrangement that edges diverse zones.

The engineering of the middle mixes with its environment and utilizations the current geography to limit the visual effect on the normal scene. At the point when guests arrive, a pathway drives them underground into a direct Gallery.

A completely straightforward divider enables the guests to encounter the flying creatures’ regular habitat and turn out to be a piece of it. Aviaries opening in the middle of the building, making committed regions for feathered creatures including herons, ibises and seed-eaters.

The building’s passageway leads Into an underground display that stretches out east to west over the site, and is altogether devoted to watching the natural life. At the far end, a bistro The offers a view out to the biggest lake. Every single other office are contained in the third square, which keeps running over the display close to the passage. It incorporates address corridors, display spaces, workplaces, rearing regions and a blessing shop. The save likewise incorporates more than 35,000 trees that assistance to filter the air, guaranteeing the range will keep on attracting bird life for a long time to come.

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3.3 Program Development

The closed program sums up the normal territories needed for the Research Center with an expected all-out territory of between 20,000 sq.m up to 25,000 sq.m. The concluded program comprises 11 fundamental zones, services, entertainment, presentation, educational research, administrations, aquarium, diving activity, commercial spaces, circulation, parking, and finally an outdoor open air area. (referring to landscape) From the diagram, it very well may be surmised that the enormous portion of the center which has 27% of the complete zone of the center is the aquarium which is partitioned into five primary highlights:- the sea-going nursery, sea in danger, estimation of the sea, the living sea and the aquarium burrow. The second principle part involving 20% of the complete zone is comprised of Landscape and outside territory. The third principle part is the dissemination which comprises flights of stairs, lifts, passageways, and halls. The stopping zone is involving 11% of the complete territory of the center and it incorporates exceptional parking spots for the staff, guests, and incapacitated. administration zone is involving 5.9% of the absolute zone and it incorporates latrines, kitchens, stores, mechanical rooms, specialized rooms, and petition rooms. The jumping community is using 4.8% of the all-out are and its comprises of preparing region, rest room, showers, evolving rooms, storage spaces and types of gear store. The amusement zone takes up 4.3% of the all-out zone and it incorporates an assembly hall and I-max theater. Display zone comprises of show region, exhibition, video room, and corridor the zone is utilizing 4.2% of the aggregate. The examination/schooling zone is taking up 3.8% of the entire zone and it incorporates auditoriums, labs, library, meeting room and investigates workplaces. The organization zone is the last zone and it is using 3% of the complete zone and it comprises of anteroom, gathering, workplaces, and security.

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3.4 Program Inter-relationship

Figure 091. Program Analysis Pie Chart

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The assortment in masses height and their overlapping will quicken the breeze development and will improve the climate.

The plan has multi-sees at the site both internal and outwards the undertaking, in the outline we can see the estimated size of each portion of the structure contingent upon past investigations, Specially which is focusing in and considering on the crucial purpose of the task which pulls in more consideration for the guests, comprising of presentations. theater, displays, snow rooms, a marine world with different sizes relying Upon their capacities. Followed by the remainder of the areas relying upon the size and significance of the region the commercial, academic, services, and different administrations.

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Cafe Aquarium Parkings

Gallery Restaurant Auditorium Storage

Vertical Circulation

Mechanical room

Research Labs

Vertical Circulation

Picking the fitting idea and program for the structure was done as per a point by point study to fit on the picked site to add to the task work, the primary idea of the plan is bringing issues to light of marine life and its significant significance through restricting human-made harm marine biological systems, do explores that can upgrade the water circumstance and the marine life in the inlet, deal with the characteristic sources, make a spot that will protect the brilliant fortune of the red ocean, help in reestablishing harmed marine biological systems and saving species and environments of the marine life, allow individuals to see and find out about the marine life and establish a diversion climate that will give an extraordinary and bewildering learning encounter and advance monetary turn of events.

Multipurpose Halls Loading bay

Vertical Circulation

The corresponding conceptual design outlines are showing the practical spaces, dissemination, developed region with the connection to the ground-cover is and the outside uses the actual setting for the utilitarian appropriation of spaces lastly the last idea result.

3.5.1 Sectional Diagram

Control Exhibition

Atrium

Adminstration Lobby Generator

3.6 Matrix Diagram Exhibition Auditorium Aquarium Scuba Diving Research Labs Multipurpose Halls Meeting Plaza Adminstration Cafe Restaurant Amphitheatre Parking Pantry Toilet Loading bay Elevators Staircases Lobby Drop area Mechanical Generator Control Security Store

3.5 Preliminary Program Sectional Design

Chapter 3

Exhibition Auditorium Aquarium Scuba Diving Research Labs Multipurpose Halls Meeting Plaza Adminstration Cafe Restaurant Amphitheatre Parking Pantry Toilet Loading bay Elevators Staircases Lobby Drop area Mechanical Generator Control Security Store

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SITE-SELECTION

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Chapter C H A P T E R - -42

Chapter 4

Chapter 4

4.1 Brief 4.1.1 The United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates, here and there essentially called the Emirates, is a sovereign state in Western Asia situated at the eastern finish of the Arabian Peninsula. It fringes on Oman and Saudi Arabia and has oceanic outskirts in the Persian Gulf with Qatar and Iran. It is a government elective protected government framed from a league of seven emirates, comprising of Abu Dhabi (which fills in as the capital), Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras Al Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm Al Quwain. Their limits include various areas inside one another. Every emirate is administered by a ruler, who together structure the Federal Supreme Council, and one of whom fills in as President of the United Arab Emirates. In 2013, the UAE’s populace was 9.2 million, of which 1.4 million were Emirati residents and 7.8 million were ostracizes. The assessed population of the UAE in 2020 was 9.89 million.

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4.1.2 Dubai

It is situated in the Arabian Desert on the shore of the Persian Gulf. It is circumscribed toward the south by the emirate of Abu Dhabi, toward the upper east by the emirate of Sharjah, toward the southeast by the nation of Oman, toward the west by the emirate of Ajman, and toward the north by the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah.

In December 1971, the emirates joined to shape the United Arab Emirates.

The leader of the emirate is Sheik Mohammed receptacle Rashid Al Maktoum, and the emirate is administered by the Government of Dubai.

The emirate is comprised of different regions and towns. The inland exclave of Hatta is situated around 134 km east of Dubai City. It is circumscribed by Oman toward the east and south, the towns of Sayh Mudayrah and Masfout in Ajman toward the west, and Ras Al Khaimah toward the north.

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Chapter 4

4.2 Dubai’s Climate

Chapter 4

4.2.2 Temperature

4.2.1 Climate

Dubai climate is described by a tropical desert atmosphere with hot, radiant conditions made by its closeness to the Tropic of Cancer and the Northern desert belt. Summers are sweltering, damp, and dry with temperatures moving to 40 °C and higher and seldom dipping under 30 °C.

4.2.3 UV Index Bar Chart

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4.3 Dubai Land Use

Chapter 4 4.3.1 Conservation areas

Chapter 4 4.3.3 Natural environment mapping

4.3.2 Infrastructure & Mobile networks

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Chapter 4

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4.3.4 Committed lands before 2008 for Mega projects

4.3.6 Urbanization parameters

4.3.5 Ongoing projects

4.3.7 Urbanization context

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Chapter 4

4.3.8 Transporation of Dubai / Economical activities

4.3.9 Transporation of Dubai / Metro-line

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4.4 Site Selection - Marasi / Dubai, Uae

3

1 2

Area located in Dubai Near Burj Khalifa

Site 3, 36,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

3 1 2

Site 1, 34,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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Site 2, 39,000 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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4.5 Site Analysis - Marasi / Dubai, Uae Area located in Dubai Near Burj Khalifa

Site 3, 36,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

3 1 2

Sun Path Cold Prevailing Wind Hot Prevailing Wind

Site 1, 34,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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Sun Path Cold Prevailing Wind Hot Prevailing Wind

Site 2, 39,000 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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4.6 Road Network - Marasi / Dubai, Uae

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Highway Road Arterial Road Local Road

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Chapter 4

Chapter 4

Site

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CONCLUSION

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center

Chapter C H A P T E R --5 2

Dubai Marine Life Aquarium and Research Center Marine protection refers to the investigation of preserving physical and natural marine assets and biological system capacities. It is the security and conservation of environments in oceans and seas through arranged management to forestall and stop the misuse of these resources. Marine preservation is driven by the demonstrated negative impacts being found in our current circumstance, for example, species misfortune, natural surroundings debasement, and changes in environment capacities and focuses on restricting human-made harm marine biological systems, reestablishing harmed marine environments, and safeguarding weak species and environments of the marine life. Marine preservation is a generally new control that has created as a reaction to organic issues, for example, elimination and marine territories change.

Since the water and the marine biodiversity in the Gulf as of now is at serious risk, a move should take place through giving an examination and mindfulness focus which will assume a major huge function in bringing issues to light of marine life and its significant significance through restricting human-made harm marine biological systems, do explores that can improve the water circumstance and the marine life in the inlet, deal with the characteristic sources, make a spot that will save the sublime fortune of the red ocean, help in reestablishing harmed marine biological systems and saving species and environments of the marine life, allow individuals to see and find out about the marine life and establish an amusement climate that will give a sensational and astounding learning encounter and advance monetary turn of events.

Chapter 5 2

Chapter 5

Precedent Studies Observation

Beaty Biodiversity Center and Aquatic Ecosystems Research Center

Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum

In 2010, a new area was added to its campus by the University of British Columbia. The new complex is based in the main campus mall and contains two buildings, the Beaty Biodiversity Center, and the Aquatic Ecosystem Research Center. The complex is designed

by Patkau Architects. They create a philosophy of the relevant sciences of the environment together. This design was intended primarily to build a complex which would fulfill the requirements of two separate initiatives, a museum and a research laboratory. By linking the different roles and by jointly explore and educate, Patkau Architects successfully accomplished this.

On the Korana River lies Karlovac freshwater aquarium. The volume of the building is partially excavated into the earth and protected by terrestrial dams from outside. In the natural setting, the aquarium building is filled with greenery. In the city center there is a square with entry rooms, coffee shops and souvenir store. The exhibition shows flora and fauna in linear fashion, showing the river environments from source to mouth following the whole flow of the Croatian and its ecosystems.

Figure 094. Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum

Figure 092. Beaty Biodiversity Center and Aquatic Ecoystems Research Center

Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Center One Ocean Thematic Pavilion The Wasit Natural Reserve has three slender building volumes and an array of woven canopies, a combination of sand dunes, salt flats and lagoons. It welcomes tourists both to view and to educate them about a variety of various types of birds in a natural environment. It also gives researchers equipment & hosts a veterinarian team.

This permanent facility was chosen for the first prize winner in an open global competition in 2009, and brings a modern promenade to life inside a former industrial port. It’s also best known for some of its fishlike features developed by a modern façade system polymer - based enhanced by fiber-glass (GFRP) that can be transformed into a variety of animated patterns.

Figure 093. One Ocean Thematic Pavilion

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Figure 095. Wasit Natural Reserve Visitor Center

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Chapter 5 2

Chapter 5

Program Comparison

The third section included the examination and correlation of the engineering point of reference programs, subsequently defining a program that fits the necessities of the exploration place Furthermore, it characterized the different logical issues that are commonly looked at in a planning cycle. Such relevant issues bring up to both physical, (for example, neighboring structures, land shapes, and streets) and non-physical, (for example, culture and climatic conditions) components.

UAE’s atmosphere is hot, so the plan ought to react to the nearby atmosphere setting through cautious building direction and furthermore using reasonable construction materials. Then again, culture forces another non-physical contextual issue.

This investigation gives us an incredible occasion to comprehend and figure the requirements of every individual guest Or specialist utilizing building spaces, for example, rooms of administrations. restrooms and the stopping. Which must be concentrated in detail to make a structure having far reaching needs for a wide range Of clients. In the wake of having this investigation all through this part, and in the wake of arranging a far reaching plan for the projects of the task. it would be anything but difficult to envision a territory of the venture that is needed for the structure and space for the proposed site region.

Notwithstanding it will show the method of framing the area of construction and different services for the outside and inside Of the building. The territories don’t just impact the size Of the spaces at the structure.

Yet additionally chooses the passages and ways out of the structure, Directing the method of course transportation to the structure especially in this manner we have ultimately established the frameworks of the program bringing about the assurWasit Natural Reserve Visitor Centre

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Karlovac Freshwater Aquarium and River Museum

One Ocean, Thematic Pavilion

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Chapter 5 2

Program Inter-relationship

Program Concluded

The closed program sums up the normal zones needed for the Research Center with an expected complete zone of 23,600 m2. The derived program comprises of 11 principal zones, organization, diversion, show, research\ training, administrations, aquarium, plunging focus, business, course, stopping, and open-air area\landscape.

From the graph, it very well may be derived that the huge piece of the middle which has 27% of the complete territory of the middle is the aquarium which is partitioned into five main activities such as the aquatic garden, ocean at risk, value of the ocean, the living ocean and the aquarium tunnel. The subsequent primary part including 20% of the all-out territory is comprised of a Landscape and open-air zone. The third fundamental part is the course which comprises flights of stairs, lifts, passageways, and entryways. The stopping zone is involving 11% of the all-out zone of the middle and it incorporates unique parking spots for the staff, guests, and crippled. administration zone is containing 5.9% of the absolute zone and it incorporates latrines, kitchens, stores, mechanical rooms, specialized rooms, and supplication rooms. The jumping place is using 4.8% of the absolute zone and it comprises of a preparation territory, bathroom, showers, evolving rooms, storage spaces, and hardware store. The diversion zone takes up 4.3% of the all-out territory and it incorporates an assembly hall and I-max theater. The display zone comprises the presentation territory, exhibition, video room, and corridor the zone is utilizing 4.2% of the aggregate. The exploration/instruction zone is taking up 3.8% of the entire territory and it incorporates auditoriums, labs, library, meeting room, and investigates workplaces. The organization zone is the last zone and it’s using 3% of the all-out region and it comprises the entryway, gathering workplaces, and security.

Figure 096. Program Analysis Pie

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Figure 097. Space Diagram

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Program Analysis -

No. of Users

100

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3

-

3

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1

50 -75 150

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600

-

150

-

75

-

450 - 600

-

150

-

-

-

-

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25 - 40 -

-

-

-

• Total Built up area:

-

23,790 sqm

90

• Total Project area:

sqm

150

31,317.5 sqm

sqm

225 Ocean

1000 - 1200 800 - 900

3000

3000 sqm

450 - 600 450 - 600

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Chapter 5 2

Site Selection

The preceding diagrams attempted to simultaneously analyze the alternative sites, the site selection was based on the table showing the positives and negatives of the three selected sites, thus identifying and evaluating the potential opportunities and constraints of each selection.

Alternative Site 01 is the most suitable selection for the prospective, the location of the site is suitable for having a research center for marine life and the fact that the site is waterfront will facilitate the accessibility to the water body to do the needed researches and to have the diving center by the coast, furthermore easily described and have a close bus station in the area where all of the people can reach it easily, it has a direct connection with the city, the site area is more than enough to cover the required building program, the site is situated in a quiet atmospheric zone which is very suitable for the users of the building, thus it will help in the reduction of any distraction caused to the users. The site is also surrounded by almost every needed facilities and services, the center will be having mesmerizing views overlooking the gulf and the city, the site will be suitable for having a marine life research center, ground floor parking with an additional basement parking, as well to an outdoor area with some landscape features.

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1

Figure 098. Site Alternative 01

Site Analysis - Marasi / Dubai, Uae Area located in Dubai Near Burj Khalifa

Site 3, 36,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

3 1 2

Sun Path Cold Prevailing Wind Hot Prevailing Wind

Site 1, 34,800 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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Sun Path Cold Prevailing Wind Hot Prevailing Wind

Site 2, 39,000 sqm - Marasi / Dubai, UAE

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Road Network - Marasi / Dubai, Uae

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Highway Road Arterial Road Local Road

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Site

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Preliminary Conceptual Design The corresponding conceptual design outlines are showing the practical spaces, dissemination, developed region with the connection to the ground-cover is and the outside uses the actual setting for the utilitarian appropriation of spaces lastly the last idea result.

Picking the fitting idea and program for the structure was done as per a point by point study to fit on the picked site to add to the task work, the primary idea of the plan is bringing issues to light of marine life and its significant significance through restricting human-made harm marine biological systems, do explores that can upgrade the water circumstance and the marine life in the inlet, deal with the characteristic sources, make a spot that will protect the brilliant fortune of the red ocean, help in reestablishing harmed marine biological systems and saving species and environments of the marine life, allow individuals to see and find out about the marine life and establish a diversion climate that will give an extraordinary and bewildering learning encounter and advance monetary turn of events.

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Cafe Aquarium Parkings

Gallery Restaurant Auditorium Storage

Vertical Circulation

Mechanical room

Research Labs

Vertical Circulation

Multipurpose Halls Loading bay

Vertical Circulation

The assortment in masses height and their overlapping will quicken the breeze development and will improve the climate.

The plan has multi-sees at the site both internal and outwards the undertaking, in the outline we can see the estimated size of each portion of the structure contingent upon past investigations, Specially which is focusing in and considering on the crucial purpose of the task which pulls in more consideration for the guests, comprising of presentations. theater, displays, snow rooms, a marine world with different sizes relying Upon their capacities. Followed by the remainder of the areas relying upon the size and significance of the region the commercial, academic, services, and different administrations.

Control Exhibition

Atrium

Adminstration Lobby Generator Figure 098. Program Sectional Diagram

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Chapter 5

Chapter 5

Preliminary Conceptual Design Looking like it’s namesake, the top of The Whale bends like the rear of a whale rushing through the sea. The structure consolidates agreeably with it’s encompassing tough scene and rises out of it to give amazing perspectives on the sea. The bent housetop covered with stones rises gloriously into the sky, a characteristic augmentation of the scene, permitting guests to stroll on it with unmatched perspectives on passing whales, the sea, the 12 PM sun, and even the iconic northern lights!

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Cafe Aquarium Parkings

Gallery Restaurant Auditorium Storage

Vertical Circulation

Mechanical room

Research Labs

Vertical Circulation

Multipurpose Halls Loading bay

Vertical Circulation

The main focus in the site portray the rooftop, though the insides will comprise of workplaces, display spaces, a store, and a café. Illustrative in nature, space will be totally segmented free, making a sweeping and self-supporting structure.

Control Exhibition

Atrium

Adminstration Lobby Generator Figure 099. Conceptual 3D (Dubai Marine Life Aquarium & Research Center)

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Universal Standards

References https://www.archdaily.com/799671/karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-and-river-museum-3lhd https://www.archdaily.com/423255/ecorium-of-the-national-ecological-institute-nbbj-in-collaboration-with-samoo-architects-and-engineers-grimshaw-architects?ad_medium=gallery https://www.archdaily.com/100682/beaty-biodiversity-center-and-aquatic-ecosystems-research-laboratory-patkau-architects https://www. archdaily.com/784055/wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-centre-x-architects https://www.archdaily.com/46678/suncheon-international-wetlands-center-g-lab https://www.archdaily.com/236979/one-ocean-thematic-pavilion-expo-2012-soma https://wonderstourism.com/blog/diving-in-aqaba/ https://www.thenational.ae/world/mena/marine-life-under-threat-in-aqaba-jordan-1.355073 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_conservation http://aquafind.com/articles/aquatic_biodiversity.php http://awesomeocean.com/guest-columns/13-best-marine-research-centers/ https://www.andersoncabotcenterforoceanlife.org/our-work/ research/ http://www.soma-architecture.com/index.php?page=theme_pavilion&parent=2 https://www.arch2o.com/karlovac-freshwater-aquarium-river-museum-3lhd/ https://www.arch2o.com/suncheon-international-wetlands-center-gansam-architects-and-associates/ http://beatymuseum.ubc.ca/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaty_Biodiversity_Museum https://www.designboom.com/architecture/x-architects-wasit-natural-reserve-visitor-center-sharjah-uae-03-23-2016/ https://www.archdaily.com/423255/ecorium-of-the-national-ecological-institute-nbbj-in-collaboration-with-samoo-architects-and-engineers-grimshaw-architects/52226ec0e8e44e711f000070-ecorium-of-the-national-ecological-institute-nbbj-in-collaboration-with-samoo-architects-and-engineers-grimshaw-architects-photo https://www.designboom.com/architecture/s-a-m-o-o-complete-ecorium-of-the-national-ecological-institute/