Architectural Thesis

UP-LIFTMENT CENTRE An Initiative towards Socio-Economic development of tribal in Jhalod, Gujarat.

by Ms. Kinari Malviya Enrollment No. 201603101710004

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE [B.Arch.]

Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus 2020-21

Thesis Guide: Ar. Manan Gandhi Assistant Professor Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

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CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. Kinari Malviya has submitted the Final Thesis Report on the subject: “Up-liftment Centre - An Initiative Towards Socio-Economic Development of Tribal in Jhalod, Gujarat.” as a mandatory requirement for completion of the Bachelor of Architecture programme at the Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University for the academic year 2020–21.

Her work is found to be satisfactory.

_____________________________ Ar. Manan Gandhi Assistant Professor Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

_____________________________

_____________________________

Ar. Hatim Khapra

Ar. Sumesh Modi

Thesis Coordinator Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

Director Raman Bhakta School of Architecture Uka Tarsadia University

DISCLAIMER

This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University. All views, opinions and statements expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the institute.

Name of the Student: Ms. Kinari Malviya Enrolment No.: 201603101710004

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Before I begin, I would like to express my gratitude for all those who, knowingly and unknowingly, directly or indirectly helped me in this report.

Any academic assignment or venture cannot be accomplished without the able guidance of the teachers. I would like to thank all the professors at Raman Bhakta School of Architecture, Uka Tarsadia University who has helped me throughout my academic endeavour.

I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my thesis guide Ar. Manan Gandhi, without their assistance and dedicated involvement in every stage this project would not be accomplished. Thank you for support over this five year.

I am extremely happy to mention my special thanks to Ar. Punita Mehta, for her guidance at every stage. I would also like to thank Ar. Jignesh Makwana, for his support throughout this process and over this five year.

I would also thank my fellow Classmates and my friends – Darshita, Brijesh, Himanshu, Dhruvil, Keval, Rahul and Dhruv for being Supportive.

Finally, I am very grateful to my parents for their constant unconditional support and continuous motivation for life and academics, without them this accomplishment would not have been possible.

Kinari Malviya

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TABLE OF CONTENT CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................. i DISCLAIMER............................................................................................................... i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...........................................................................................ii TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................................. iii TABLE OF FIGURES ................................................................................................ vi GLOSSARY.............................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 1 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT ............................................................... 4 1.1.

2.

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 4

1.1.1.

PRESENT SCENARIO OF TRIBES IN INDIA ............................................... 5

1.1.2.

TRIBES OF GUJARAT .................................................................................... 6

RESEARCH FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY ............................................... 8 2.1.

THE CASE OF DAHOD DISTRICT ............................................................. 8

2.1.1.

2.2.

3.

4.

5.

COMMUNITIES OF THE DISTRICT .............................................................. 9

INTRODUCING THE STUDY AREA JHALOD........................................ 10

2.2.1.

TRIBE COMMUNITIES & THEIR FESTIVALS .......................................... 10

2.2.2.

ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBE COMMUNITY .................. 11

2.2.3.

N.G.Os WORKING IN DISTRICT FOR TRIBE COMMUNITY .................. 11

2.2.4.

ISSUES OF THE COMMUNITY ................................................................... 12

2.2.5.

CONCERNS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT: ................................................... 12

PROJECT JUSTIFICATION ........................................................................... 14 3.1.

NEED OF THE PROJECT ........................................................................... 14

3.2.

AIM ............................................................................................................... 14

3.3.

OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................... 14

3.4.

SCOPE & LIMITATIONS............................................................................ 15

3.5.

METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................ 15

CASESTUDY ...................................................................................................... 18 4.1.

ADIVASI ACADEMY ................................................................................. 19

4.2.

WELL PAPER - AUROVILLE .................................................................... 20

4.3.

KHAMIR - BHUJ ......................................................................................... 21

4.4.

TRIBAL MUSEUM ...................................................................................... 22

UNDERSTANIG OF THE SITE ...................................................................... 24 iii

5.1.

PARAMETERS FOR THE SITE SELECTION ........................................... 24

5.1.1.

5.2.

6.

7.

9.

SELECTED SITE FOR THE PROPOSAL .................................................. 25

5.2.1.

PROPOSED SITE CONTEXT AND SITE PHOTOS ..................................... 26

5.2.2.

VERNACULR ARCHITECTURE OF SURROUNDING CONTEXT .......... 27

5.2.3.

PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION ......................................................... 28

5.2.4.

PROPOSED SITE CLIMATE ......................................................................... 28

PROGRAM ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 30 6.1.

DERIVATION FOR THE PROGRAM ........................................................ 30

6.2.

AREA STATEMENT ................................................................................... 31

CONCEPTUAL .................................................................................................. 36 7.1.

CONCEPT DERIVATION ........................................................................... 36

7.2.

CONCEPT EVOLUTION............................................................................. 37

7.2.1.

PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION ......................................................... 37

A.

CULTURAL ORIENTED SPACES .................................................................... 37

B.

TRADITIONAL ELEMENT ............................................................................... 37

C.

TAKE AWAY FROM THE CONTEXT ............................................................. 37

7.2.2.

ENERGY EFFICIENCY ................................................................................. 38

A.

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ................................................................................... 38

B.

WATER CONSERVATION ............................................................................... 38

C.

LOCAL MATERIAL ........................................................................................... 38

D.

TAKE AWAY ..................................................................................................... 38

7.2.3.

RURAL FABRIC............................................................................................. 39

A.

SETTLEMENT PATTERN ................................................................................. 39

B.

TAKE AWAY ..................................................................................................... 39

7.3.

8.

SITE SELECTION PROCESS ........................................................................ 24

ACTIVITIES AND CONNECTION OF SPACES ...................................... 40

DESIGN EVOLUTION ..................................................................................... 42 8.1.

DESIGN DECISIONS ................................................................................ 42

8.2.

DESIGN PROCESS ...................................................................................... 43

8.3.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DRAWING ..................................................... 44

8.4.

PRE-FINAL STAGE DRAWINGS .............................................................. 45

FINAL LAYOUT................................................................................................ 48 9.1.

ORGANIZATION OF SPACES AT SITE ................................................... 49

9.2.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ............................................................................ 50

9.2.1.

SHOPS & ENRANCE PAVILION ................................................................. 51

9.2.2.

EXHIBITION GALLERY ............................................................................... 52

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9.2.3.

ADMIN, DAYCARE & INFORMAL LEARNING ....................................... 53

9.2.4.

ACCOMMODATION ..................................................................................... 54

9.2.5.

WORKSHOP ................................................................................................... 55

9.3.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN WITH ROOF OF GROUND ................................... 56

9.4.

DETAILS OF WALL SECTION & ROOF .................................................. 57

9.5.

3D VIEWS OF DEFFERENT SPACES ....................................................... 58

9.6.

SITE VIEWS ................................................................................................. 59

10.

BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................... 60

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TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Symbol of Tribes ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 2: Life at Rural ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Tribal of India............................................................................................................................................. 4 Figure 4: Zone according Tribal population in states of India ................................................................................... 5 Figure 5: Tribal Belt of Gujarat State ........................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 6: Tribal Population in Gujarat ....................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 7: Types of Tribes in Gujarat .......................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 8: Tehsil map of Dahod district and its Population and Literacy rate ............................................................. 8 Figure 9: Total no of Workers in Tehsil of District ................................................................................................... 9 Figure 10:Total no of workers of Dahod District ....................................................................................................... 9 Figure 11: Glimpse of tribes in Dahod ....................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 12: Location of Jhalod in Dahod District & population chart ....................................................................... 10 Figure 13: Glimpse of Festivals and Communities of Jhalod Tribes ....................................................................... 10 Figure 14: Livelihood of the tribes in Jhalod .......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 15: Total no workers in tribe communities of Jhalod taluka ......................................................................... 11 Figure 16: Issues of the Tribe Community of Jhalod Taluka ................................................................................... 12 Figure 17: Concerns for the further development .................................................................................................... 12 Figure 18: Location of the academy ........................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 19: spaces of the academy ............................................................................................................................ 19 Figure 20: Organization of the spaces on site .......................................................................................................... 19 Figure 21: Well paper institute ................................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 22: Organization of spaces on site ................................................................................................................ 20 Figure 23: Use of local materials in building ........................................................................................................... 20 Figure 24: Location f the Khamir ............................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 25: Concept Behind the planning of Khamir ................................................................................................ 21 Figure 26: Organization of spaces and circulation ................................................................................................... 21 Figure 27: Local materials with modern technique. ................................................................................................ 21 Figure 28: Location of Tribal Museum .................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 29:Organization of the spaces ....................................................................................................................... 22 Figure 30: Internal spaces of the exhibition Gallery ................................................................................................ 22 Figure 31: Use of Local Material ............................................................................................................................. 22 Figure 32: Site selection criteria .............................................................................................................................. 24 Figure 33: Selected site option acc. To Criteria ....................................................................................................... 24 Figure 34: proposed site & its location .................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 35: context of the proposed site .................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 36: site photos with approach road .............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 37: Settlement pattern of the surrounding villages ....................................................................................... 27 Figure 38: Diagram showing the typical house elements ......................................................................................... 27 Figure 39: House photos of context ......................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 40: Site with Dimension .............................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 41: climate of the area .................................................................................................................................. 28 Figure 42: Derivation frame work for the programme Proposal ............................................................................ 30 Figure 43: Derivation Frame work for concept ........................................................................................................ 36 Figure 44: Festival and events of the community which they used to celebrate at the edge of villages ................... 37 Figure 45: Organization of the houses ..................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 46: Elements of the houses ........................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 47: Thoughts for create an identity of a project ........................................................................................... 37 Figure 48: Orientation of building acc. To climate .................................................................................................. 38 Figure 49: Zoning to create a Micro climate ............................................................................................................ 38 Figure 50: Settlement pattern & Street network of surrounding village with a house type ...................................... 39 Figure 51: Typical House Section ............................................................................................................................ 39 Figure 52: Thought for the cluster & scale of building ............................................................................................ 39 Figure 53: Activities and connection of the spaces with sketches............................................................................ 40 Figure 54: Design decisions for the further development ........................................................................................ 42 Figure 55: Process for the organization of the spaces on site ................................................................................... 43 Figure 56: site plan with ground floor and site model photos .................................................................................. 44 Figure 57: Sketches and schematic sections of diff. spaces ..................................................................................... 44 Figure 58: Site plan with Ground floor .................................................................................................................... 45

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Figure 59: First floor plan with roof of ground floor structure ................................................................................. 45 Figure 60: Section & Elevation of the center with Views ........................................................................................ 45 Figure 61: A Site view from water tank .................................................................................................................. 48 Figure 62: organization of spaces at site level with site level concern ..................................................................... 49 Figure 63: Ground floor plan with the views of public spaces at front .................................................................... 50 Figure 64: Detail plan of shops and entrance pavilion ............................................................................................. 51 Figure 65: Detail plan of exhibition galleries with views of connection with workshop space ................................ 52 Figure 66: Detail plan of Admin, Day care & Informal learning with views of their connection ............................ 53 Figure 67: Detail Plan of Accommodation ............................................................................................................... 54 Figure 68: Detail plan of Workshop area ................................................................................................................. 55 Figure 69: First floor plan with roofs of ground floor structure ............................................................................... 56 Figure 70: Details of wall section & roof using local material with modern technique ........................................... 57 Figure 71: 3D Views showing different spaces and their activities and connection with other spaces .................... 58 Figure 72: Site views from diff. angles .................................................................................................................... 59

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GLOSSARY

Indigenous Tribes view themselves as having a historical existence and identity that is separate and independent of the states now enveloping them.

Patriarchal Society a social system that gives power and control to men rather than women.

Matriarchal Society where inheritance and clan membership follow the female lineage through the youngest daughter.

Anaemic is The condition of having a lower-than-normal number of red blood cells or quantity of haemoglobin.

Schedule Tribes is such tribes or tribal communities or parts of or groups within such tribes or tribal communities.

Primitive Tribes that some tribal groups are still in very backward stage in respect to their socio-economic condition.

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ABSTRACT “Is it eccentric to live in beautiful scenery in the hills among some of the most charming people in the country, even though they may be ignorant and poor?”

Verrier Elwin, Anthrologist What draws India closer to an obscure and indifferent picture are the indigenous tribes. Far from the contemporary trend and economic development, they own their personal identity as Adivasi having their own language, religion, festivals, cuisine, dance and music. With such a mysterious culture and hospitality. But, somewhere in the race of urbanization and lack of development in tribe area this groups are losing their existence.

The tribal population in India is accepted to be the oldest population of the land, who are still untouched by the lifestyle of the modern world. With more than 84.4 million, India has the largest population of the tribal people in the world. These tribal people also known as the Adivasi’s are the poorest in the country, who are still dependent on haunting, agriculture and fishing. All these tribal people have their own culture, tradition, language and lifestyle. The tribal population in Gujarat is mainly concentrated in the eight districts along the eastern border of the state. 96% live in The Dangs, Valsad, Surat, Bharuch, Panchmahals, Sabarkantha and Banaskantha.

As such, in present day scenario there is a rising need to sensitize people towards these tribe’s aesthetic and cultural norms. Also, it’s important to rejuvenate these vulnerable groups socially and economically. This can be done via revving art and architecture and provide a platform where they can work, stay and upgrade their craft skills. Hence, the crux of the project here aims at Development of Jhalod tribes of Dahod district. The tribes at their 90% are engaged in agriculture but because of poor facility of water they have less economic growth and move to other places as a labor for livelihood.

The idea here is to provide an interactive platform for the locals, artisans, craftsman the urban and rural people. The development of this tribes with emphasis on social, economic and cultural growth which, create an environment that allows a community to Extend, Evolve and Express themselves.

Key words: Tribe population, rural area, gov. policies, life style, affecting issues, development.

Figure 1: Symbol of Tribes

1

2

1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT 1.

INTRODUCTION

1.1.1

PRESENT SCENARIO OF TRIBES IN INDIA

1.1.2. TRIBES OF GUJARAT

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1. BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT 1.1.

INTRODUCTION

A Tribes is a social division in a traditional society consisting of families linked by social, economic, religious or blood ties with a common culture and language. A Tribe has certain qualities and characteristics that make them Unique.

Figure 2: Life at Rural

Figure 3: Tribal of India

What draws India closer to an obscure and indifferent picture, are the indigenous tribes. Far from the contemporary trend and economic development, they own their personal identity as Adivasi having their own language, religion, festivals, cuisine, dance and music. With such an enigmatic culture and hospitality, they also significantly hold a contrasting patriarchal and matriarchal society.

Art is, without a doubt, one of the most ancient and treasured elements of human culture. Art and culture are expressions of thoughts, they are the way to represent the socio behavioral characteristics and knowledge of a particular group or society. Tribes are one such society, which are determined by their art, culture and traditions. Sadly, somewhere in race of urbanization these groups are losing their existence.

The tribal population in India lags behind other social groups on various social parameters, such as child mortality, infant mortality, number of anaemic women, says the latest annual report of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs.

Largely due to trends in popular practice, there seems a strong urge to understand their culture and integrate them with the contemporary without disturbing their cultural identity.

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1.1.1. PRESENT SCENARIO OF TRIBES IN INDIA The tribes which is also known as the Adivasi of India, constitute 8.2% of the total population. Our country has the largest number of tribes as compared to any other country. There are a variety of groups of tribes. According to the Anthropological Survey of India, there are 461 tribal communities, out of which 174 were identify as sub-groups. 212 tribes are found in different parts of India. This community is divided based on geographical location, languages, and race.

North – East Zone Central Zone North – East Zone Central Zone North – East Zone Central Zone North – East Zone Central Zone Southern North – East Zone Figure 4: Zone according Tribal population in states of India

Central Zone Southern North – East Zone Due to presence of this tribes, India is culturally rich and the tribal people are real

treasure of our country. There are certain states in India where the numbers of tribes are Central engaged Zone much more than the rest of the country. Tribal population, with a vast majority Southern North – East Zone in agricultural labour, Animal Husbandry and as a marginal worker, some of them are migrate to nearby cities in search of employment.

Central Zone Southern

About 55 per cent of the country’s tribal population now resides North –outside East Zonetheir traditional habitats. It is known that migration of tribal population, increasingly distress-driven, has been increasing. There is a movement of tribal people from tribal Central Zone Southern North –opportunities, East Zone to non-tribal areas, possibly in search of livelihood and educational which affect the quality of life, due to poor health, lack of education and social pressures leading to erosion of moral values.

Central Zone Southern North – East Zone

5

Central Zone Southern North – East Zone Central Zone Southern

1.1.2. TRIBES OF GUJARAT The tribal belt in Gujarat consists of the districts of Danga, Surat, Broach, Baroda, Panchmahals, Sabarkantha and Banaskantha. Various sects of adivasis, mainly of Bhil Tribe and Konkan origin reside in this region.

Figure 5: Tribal Belt of Gujarat State

Figure 6: Tribal Population in Gujarat

Figure 7: Types of Tribes in Gujarat

Of total population, the population of scheduled tribes is 15%, i.e. about 75 lakhs in Gujarat. In Gujarat 28 scheduled tribes are enlisted and of them 8 are primitive tribes.

The major problems of the tribes in north Gujarat (Banaskantha, Sabarkantha, Panchmahal, Dahod and Vadodara) are – lower level of literacy, scanty forest cover and no negligible access to forest or forest produce, high rate of unemployment and high incidences of sickle cell anaemia and related health problems.

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2. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 2.1.

THE CASE OF DAHOD DISTRICT 2.1.1. COMMUNITIES OF THE DISTRICT

2.2.

INTRODUCING THE STUDY AREA JHALOD 2.2.1. TRIBE COMMUNITIES & THEIR FESTIVALS 2.2.2. ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBE COMMUNITY 2.2.3. N.G.Os WORKING IN DISTRICT FOR TRIBE COMMUNITY 2.2.4. ISSUES OF THE COMMUNITY 2.2.5. CONCERNS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT

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2. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY 2.1.

THE CASE OF DAHOD DISTRICT

Dahod is located at south-eastern part of Gujarat and was divided from Panchamahals District in 1979. The Dahod district was originally known as Dohad, meaning border of two states. Dahod is the head quarter of the district and shared its border with Rajasthan state in north and Madhya Pradesh in south-east. Dahod is among the most backward districts of Gujarat. It is predominated by the tribal mostly depending upon rain fed agriculture on their small and marginal land holdings.

Dahod district has 691 villages and 6 towns. Of total population, 9.01% is urban and 90.99% is rural in which 74.32% is Tribe population. The literacy rate of the rural area is 56.36% where urban has 82.09%.

Figure 8: Tehsil map of Dahod district and its Population and Literacy rate

In the tribal area entire family is engaged in Agriculture and women in most cases contribute more than male members of the family. However, as prevalent in our country, in this area also women do not get due recognition and empowerment through this activity as they are not recognized as farmer and so never given benefit.

Humans are the most important resource for development, if this resource is used properly, it could be an asset otherwise it is a burden. In Dahod district, vulnerability of human resource is more, compared to productivity. If the quantity is turned into quality, the district would raise its rank in terms of human development index in state.

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Figure 10:Total no of workers of Dahod District

Figure 9: Total no of Workers in Tehsil of District

Above all statistics data (fig.8, fig.9 & fig.10) is showing the major tribe population, low Literacy & major no of agricultural based occupation at Jhalod which is the selected study area for the project proposal.

2.1.1. COMMUNITIES OF THE DISTRICT Mostly, tribes are Bhil, Charan, Dhanka, Dhodia, Dubla, Bharwad, Gamit, Kali, Kolcha, Parashi, Rabari, Vasava, Vagari and Wari, etc. Dahod has an ancient territory and in-depth cultural history. It stands apart in art and craft section. Metal crafts, folk art, hand paintings, bamboo craft, carved wooden treasure, handloom paintings, leather craft and stone finesse are very popular art works done in the city.

Figure 11: Glimpse of tribes in Dahod

Strength of the human resource of this district is that, people are very hard working and can perform very well in very harsh climatic conditions also. On other hand, the big lacuna for development is illiteracy and unskilled humans.

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2.2.

INTRODUCING THE STUDY AREA JHALOD

Jhalod is situated at 36 km away from the district headquarter dahod in n-w direction. Jhalod serves as administrative headquarters of Jhalod Taluka in Dahod District, Gujarat, India. It is situated on the eastern border of Gujarat, 5 kilometres from the Kushalgarh Tehsil of Banswara District, Rajasthan, near the Titodi River.

As per the Census India 2011, Jhalod Taluka has 76122 households, population of 473273 of which 238932 are males and 234341 are females. The population of children between age 0-6 is 92512 which is 19.55% of total population. The literacy rate of Jhalod Taluka is 47.65% out of which 55.5% males are literate and 39.64% females are literate.

Figure 12: Location of Jhalod in Dahod District & population chart

2.2.1. TRIBE COMMUNITIES & THEIR FESTIVALS Mostly, in Jhalod major tribes are bhils & Pateliya, instead of it there are Rathwa, Dhanka, Naikada etc. they used to celebrate many festivals after holi at their edge of the villages, it includes dhol melo, chul no melo & human-nature related festivals and many more.

Figure 13: Glimpse of Festivals and Communities of Jhalod Tribes

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2.2.2.

ECONOMIC BACKGROUND OF THE TRIBE COMMUNITY

Agriculture

Animal Husbandry

Forestry

Crafts

Construction Labor work

Figure 14: Livelihood of the tribes in Jhalod

In the tribal area entire family is engaged in Agriculture with small land holding and women in most cases contribute more than male members of the family. They are also involved in animal husbandry, forestry, craft based production and as a migrant construction worker around nearby city area.

Rural poverty in general and backwardness of women in particular could be attributed to lower income from agriculture crops due to very poor yields and virtually no sustainability in agriculture activities compounded by very poor irrigation facilities, lack of technical scientific Knowledge and awareness.

Figure 15: Total no workers in tribe communities of Jhalod taluka

2.2.3. N.G.Os WORKING IN DISTRICT FOR TRIBE COMMUNITY Government of Gujarat has massively promoted self-help groups which work on water & cultivation based development, animal husbandry based, Natural resources based and women empowerment and health awareness based programs, where this NGOs try to involves more women which help them to grow socio-economically.

Types of Ngos who work to up-lift the tribes are below: 1. Women based Sakhi Mandal which work on women empowerment in the district nearly 10000 women are the members in Dahod district.

2. Prkriti Foundation regenerate and manage the natural resources by local community for a sustainable livelihood system.

3. Shri Antodaya Seva Mandal works for the animal husbandry.

4. Agricultural and water catchment based training is also given by the Sadguru foundation and Adivasi Khedut Gram Vikas Mandal.

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2.2.4. ISSUES OF THE COMMUNITY In spite of having richness in natural resources, major cultivation area but the lack of water and more no of hard working people but un skilled people, though there are such kind of foundations who help them to up-lift their life, still there are issue facing by them and remain backward.

Migration for Livelihood Monsoon Based Cultivation

Issues

Skill Deficiency

Lack of water

Lack of water Low Literacy Poor Infrastructure

Figure 16: Issues of the Tribe Community of Jhalod Taluka

2.2.5. CONCERNS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT:

Create opportunities to grow economically

Helping them to Extend and Evolve with modern skillset

Human perspective Spread Awareness for Health and Growth of individual

Involvement of local people in Project

Economic perspective Job creation with Involvement In project

Figure 17: Concerns for the further development

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Women Empowerment& Gender Equality

Helping them to improve their construction skills

Social perspective

Involvement in government decisions

Interpretation of their local culture, Skills with modern idea

Involvement in

3. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION 3.1.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

3.2.

AIM

3.3.

OBJECTIVES

3.4.

SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

3.5.

METHODOLOGY 13

3. PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

3.1.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

The study shows the dependency of tribe on nature for economically, socially and culturally. Their routine, practices and occupation justifies their love and respect for nature. They are still living in pre-agricultural stage of traditional farming but possess various skills of bamboo craft, wood carving, Jewelry making, painting, herbal medicines.

In spite of having such skillsets they are considered vulnerable and remained backward. Also they are suffering from un employment, illiteracy, and informal settlements.

So, there is a need to provide a platform which will allow them to extend and evolve their crafts and construction skill with modern use and grow economically and also preserve and interpretation of their ancestral and unique cultural identity to pass in new generations.

3.2.

AIM

The primary aim is to create an environment that allows community to Involve, Extend, Evolve, and Express themselves.

To deal with the existing character of the tribe that needs preservation and interpretation with modern idea for upcoming generations. To develop a center to empower and provide social, economic and environmental sustainability for community.

3.3.

OBJECTIVES

o To provide a center to preserve the tribal culture their art and crafts, music their language, dance and paintings by giving them an informal education to children. o To synthesize study of socio-cultural aspects of community, local architecture and trends in their lifestyle. o To develop a platform where people can learn about cultivation and water conservation technique and to provide a platform where they can work, stay and upgrade their craft skills. o to introduce the traditional knowledge system of the community while designing the center.

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3.4.

SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

Apart from the functional use, the project will include vernacular architectural techniques with exploring local materials keeping in mind the principles of sustainability. To counter the scarcity of portable water by designing solutions for harvesting rainwater at both unit and site level. Apart from the training of agriculture and water conservation in center, project will also include on-field training out of the site.

The Limitation is Training center will only focus on learners and artisans of age group below 40. Artisans, learners and student’s accommodations will not be permanent, rather temporary it will be as per the training sessions & children accommodation of migrant labors will be permanent. The use of materials will only be limited to the locally available resources such as bamboo, wood, mud, cow dung, terracotta tiles, stone, clay, thatch, concrete and bricks.

3.5.

METHODOLOGY

Literature Based

Research Based

Contextual Based

Background study of the project with Indian context.

Understand about the communities of Dahod district.

Understand the study area Jhalod.

Case study for the topic and further development.

Identified the study area Jhalod which having issues and potential for the development.

Identified the working Ngos, gov. policies and its implementation for development of tribe communities.

Formation of the Program Design Process & Conclusion 15

Understand their sociocultural life of the tribal community.

Identify the local material and techniques in the region.

Done a survey of the region about their agriculture-water based issues and about their Socio-Economic life.

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4. CASESTUDY 4.1.

ADIVASI ACADEMY

4.2.

WELL PAPER - AUROVILLE

4.3.

KHAMIR - BHUJ

4.4.

TRIBAL MUSEUM 17

4. CASESTUDY

Literature review

Adivasi Academy: Tejgadh This case is selected to study the spaces which they provided, space volume, connection of spaces, materials, how the project is helping to improve their life.

Well Paper: Auroville This case is selected to study the materials and for program.

Khamir: Bhuj This case is selected to study the design pattern of clusters, material and construction methods.

Live

Tribal Museum - Bhopal This case study is selected to study the material, connection of spaces and their volume, landscape and the center for skill development which they have provide along with the museum.

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4.1.

ADIVASI ACADEMY Location: Tejgadh, Chhotaudepur Area: 40,468 sq.m Built-up area: 4080 sq.m Built Year: 1996

Figure 18: Location of the academy

The Institute was visualized as a combination of a university, a research Centre, an Activist-Centre, a cultural expression forum. The projects incorporate a library, museum, residential and administration block all axially located around courts and tree clusters for prospering better social interaction and positive growth of the culturally rich tribes.

The Adivasi Academy is designed with the Adivasi aesthetics and the local surroundings.

The buildings, all created in exposed brick and brickjalis, combining features of local architecture and historical monuments found in the area.

Figure 20: Organization of the spaces on site

Figure 19: spaces of the academy

This project includes development programs which helps in development of tribal communities which improves their socio-economic life. This project has exposed brick work which gives opportunity to learn new construction technique.

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4.2.

WELL PAPER - AUROVILLE Location: Kottakarai Village, Auroville Area: 225 sq.m Built Year: 2005 Architect: Sreevatsa tapasya design studio

Figure 21: Well paper institute

WELL: women, empowerment, local, livelihood.

These are the words that sustain this project of social economy. Training and empowering women from the villages develops and maintains a social business unit of great local importance.

Over time, the women’s groups have developed into autonomous units, making their own business decisions. Today, some of the WELL women are conducting the training workshops themselves to reach other local women and small business units.

Workshops: Paper Mache Introductory Workshop Bowls Coiling Introductory Workshop Baskets Weaving Introductory Workshop Figure 22: Organization of spaces on site

Use of CSEB blocks and rammed Wall of Rammed earth and CSEB earth foundation and wooden door blocks window Figure 23: Use of local materials in building

precast Roofing channel & Ferro cement & flooring of cement oxide

This project includes a Social enterprise for women empowerment through recycled crafts and training programs A model for Social enterprise. All workshops are instructed by WELL women from the villages around Auroville. These women are very well practiced and have teaching experience in and out of Auroville.

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4.3.

KHAMIR - BHUJ Location: Kukma, Bhuj, Kutch Area: 8093.71 sq.m Built-up area: 2135 sq.m Built Year: 2017 Architect: Neelkanth Chhaya

Figure 24: Location f the Khamir

As a seemingly simple modular orthogonal plan, the design facilitates a rather complex sequence of movement, revealing only parts of the campus as one walks through, encountering plausible points for informal exchanges in between- sometimes under the shade of a tree, sometimes amidst a cluster of buildings- in many ways tapping into a familiar way of living, congregating and working.

MATERIALS: Khamir campus is a manifestation of the idea of sustainability. it is built by HunnerShala foundation known for sustainable practices in construction.

Khamir employs some unique strategies of making it earthquake resistant, earth architecture and vernacular architecture of Kutch region.

Figure 25: Concept Behind the planning of Khamir

Figure 26: Organization of spaces and circulation

Figure 27: Local materials with modern technique.

A low-rise clustered campus, the overall architecture of such a complex program is humbled by the land surrounding it. And a walk through the winding alleys that are characteristic of rural Indian townscapes. The complex has sense of openness. The circulation in the campus moves through a series of progressions and pauses.

21 A low-rise clustered campus, the overall architecture of such a complex programme is humbled by the land surrounding it.

And references a walk through the winding alleys that are characteristic of rural Indian townscapes.

4.4.

TRIBAL MUSEUM Location: Shymala hills, Bhopal Area: 28328 sq.m Built-up area: 10,286 sq.m Built Year: 2017 Architect: Kamath design studio

Figure 28: Location of Tribal Museum

The museum is designed to create a built fabric which the tribe communities could identify with, extend, and evolve, to represent them and express their own ideas.The museum of tribal heritage at Bhopal is thus a reflection of art, culture, myths and habitation of major tribal groups found in Madhya Pradesh.

Galleries are organized in such a way that viewer has a journey with intervals in between, to provide sense of transition.

Workshops are arranged around open spaces such that workers can use maximum outdoor spaces.

Figure 29:Organization of the spaces

Figure 30: Internal spaces of the exhibition Gallery

Figure 31: Use of Local Material

The walls use both local stone left exposed and brick plastered with crushed stone on the outside and mud plaster on the inside. The roofs are made of half-round tiles, concrete with a topping of grass and groundcover. The landscape is designed to collect and store rain water, to be used for both cooling and irrigating.

The programs are designed in such a way that it involves the tribal community and provides them a platform to evolve and express. Its architecture is inspired by the rhythms, geometries, materials, forms, aesthetics and spatial awareness of the tribes, allowing it to integrate harmoniously into its context.

22 A low-rise clustered campus, the overall architecture of such a complex programme is humbled by the land surrounding it. And references a walk through the winding

5. UNDERSTANIG OF THE SITE 5.1.

PARAMETERS FOR THE SITE SELECTION 5.1.1. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

5.2.

SELECTED SITE FOR THE PROPOSAL 5.2.1. PROPOSED SITE CONTEXT AND SITE PHOTOS 5.2.2. VERNACULR ARCHITECTURE OF SURROUNDING CONTEXT 5.2.3. PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION 5.2.4. PROPOSED SITE CLIMATE

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5. UNDERSTANIG OF THE SITE 5.1.

PARAMETERS FOR THE SITE SELECTION

Easily Approachable

Connation of Rural &Urban

Approachable for students

Work as a Landmark

Figure 32: Site selection criteria

o The site should be located such that all people who going to visit the center or will come for the work and learning they can easily approach with public or private vehicles and by pedestrian. o It should locate at the outskirts of the town and surrounded by villages so the interaction of urban and rural area gets better and it can work as an entry of the town. o It should become a pause point for the people who traveling. o It should near to the Education campus so, students can go there after their academic hours and learn things and they can also teach others. o It should be work as a landmark for the particular area.

5.1.1. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

Site Option -1

Site Option -2 Site Option -3 Figure 33: Selected site option acc. To Criteria

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1. Site Option – 1 Area: 15,000 sq.m.

This site has a context of residential area and agricultural land. We can approach this site from main road to residential area and then to site.

2. Site Option -2 Area: 25,000 sq.m.

This site is located on Jhalod-Dahod highway. In present time it is use for Ashram shala and Hostel for Adivasi student and they are going to redevelop the school precinct as it is built in 1977.in context it has Agricultural land, educational campus, residential area, river and commercial area.

3. Site Option -3 Area: 30,600 sq.m.

This site is located at y junction of Dahod-Jhalod-Indore highway which is the entrance of the town. In context it has educational campus, agricultural land, commercial area, villages and river.

5.2.

SELECTED SITE FOR THE PROPOSAL Location: The proposed site is 30,600sq.m and situated on NH58. it is 2.8 km away from Jhalod bus station and 32 km away from the district headquarter Dahod. Titodi river is flowing at a distance of 400m. The soil is medium black soil with low fertility. Surrounding undulating terrain and villages, educational buildings and river valley.

Figure 34: proposed site & its location

Legend

Justification The proposed site lies on the NH58 and Good amount of vehicular and pedestrian frequency. A spot of attraction as site is surrounded by the villages and it serve as the entry of the town. Easily approachable through road transport like auto, bus and private vehicles. It is surrounded by the villages and educational campus.

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5.2.1. PROPOSED SITE CONTEXT AND SITE PHOTOS

View 1 View 2, 3 View 4

Figure 35: context of the proposed site

Site is having a context of an Ashram Shala, Boy ‘school, Primary school at village, Arts and Commerce college at the north and west side. At the east it has a 12m wide road which leads to the town and agri.

Lands in the south it has a barrel open land.

View 1

View 2

View 2

View 2

View 3

View 2 View 4

View 3

View 2 View 3

View 3

View 2 View 3 View 2 View 3

Figure 36: site photos with approach road View 3

Site is having a flat land with down to the road. Which is a Y junction View 2 highway connecting to the Jhalod-Indore and Dahod. It is having one approachable View 3 View 3 which is directly connecting to surrounding villages.

View 3

View 3

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View 3

View 3

5.2.2. VERNACULR ARCHITECTURE OF SURROUNDING CONTEXT

SETTELEMENTS: There are no particular villages, they are settle near to their Agricultural land or close to the river. They build their houses in the form of cluster with 3 to 4 houses, or with houses lining the sides of a broad street. All the dwellings have the spaces for their 3 to 4 cattle.

Figure 37: Settlement pattern of the surrounding villages

LOCAL MATERIAL & COUNSTRUCTION METHODS: Major number of the people have temporary houses as they shifting because of the economic issue and some of them have permanent dwelling. They use locally available materials for house. which is built with use of bamboo, cow dung, thatch, wattle, wood, mud, terracotta tiles and stone. Their dwellings are made by themselves with community involvement.

Walls are mostly made with use of stone with mud plaster on half of the walls and wood or wattle and daub with hand prints around the entrance door by using red color.

The roof was made up of thatch and tightened with bamboo or thin wooden logs and the clay tiles.

Plaster was done with cow dung as it is easy to apply on wattle & daub, cob walls & stone walls Earthen colors added new dimensions to the unit and brought a distinct character in the built form.

Figure 38: Diagram showing the typical house elements

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Figure 39: House photos of context

5.2.3. PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Figure Site with Dimension Site40: Area: 30,600 Sq.m

5.2.4. PROPOSED SITE CLIMATE Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m

Site Area: 30,600 Sq.m Figure 41: climate of the area

Site location: Jhalod, Dahod, Gujarat Longitude: 74° 9' 10.5264'' E Latitude: 23° 4' 35.5944'' N Jhalod has a sub-tropical climate with moderately low humidity. The average temperature here is 26.15℃ and the average annual rainfall is 745mm. the major part of the wind is coming from the parallel side to the W-E, and SE-NE.

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6. PROGRAM ANALYSIS 6.1.

DERIVATION FOR THE PROGRAM

6.2.

AREA STATEMENT

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6. PROGRAM ANALYSIS 6.1.

DERIVATION FOR THE PROGRAM

Vison The center will provide a platform which help to develop Socio-Economic life of the tribes and help them to upgrade their skills and help them to conserve their tribal livelihood.

Design Intent

Figure 42: Derivation frame work for the programme Proposal

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6.2.

AREA STATEMENT

31

32

33

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7. CONCEPTUAL 7.1.

CONCEPT DERIVATION

7.2.

CONCEPT EVOLUTION 7.2.1. PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION A.

CULTURAL ORIENTED SPACES

B.

TRADITIONAL ELEMENT

C.

TAKE AWAY FROM THE CONTEXT

7.2.2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY A.

CLIMATE RESPONSIVE

B.

WATER CONSERVATION

C.

LOCAL MATERIAL

D.

TAKE AWAY

7.2.3. RURAL FABRIC

7.3.

A.

SETTLEMENT PATTERN

B.

TAKE AWAY

ACTIVITIES AND CONNECTION OF SPACES 35

7. CONCEPTUAL 7.1.

CONCEPT DERIVATION

Figure 43: Derivation Frame work for concept

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7.2.

CONCEPT EVOLUTION

7.2.1. PROPOSED SITE WITH DIMENSION A. CULTURAL ORIENTED SPACES They used to celebrate fairs after Holi festival like chool no medo where people walk on the fire and celebrate with dhol music at the edge of the village which shown in the right side 2 images and gay-gay harries fair celebrate to protect their cattle which shown in the left image of the Fig.6.2.2., they also perform small function of wedding and child birth in the clusters.

Figure 45: Organization of the houses

Figure 44: Festival and events of the community which they used to celebrate at the edge of villages

B. TRADITIONAL ELEMENT The houses have a Gokhlu for Diya and Jalies for cool air, hand print with red color at the front wall of the house, their plaster pattern, Furniture, Roof types.

Figure 46: Elements of the houses

C. TAKE AWAY FROM THE CONTEXT Entrance with vegetation and music of Dhol. Crafts, which will make in workshops, will be display on the wall of workshops as an open air exhibition and with Jali, Gokhlu, wooden door and windows and paintings of their culture.

Festive Space in front of the site and inbetween of the clusters of the buildings.

Figure 47: Thoughts for create an identity of a project

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7.2.2. ENERGY EFFICIENCY A. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE

Figure 48: Orientation of building acc. To climate

At site level micro climate can be create throw the Orientation of the building, enough vegetation & water body. At Building level efficiency create throw the orientation of block & opening at the angle of 45°&30°, Size of Opening, Shading Elements & use of Courtyards.

B. WATER CONSERVATION At site level it can be create throw the more vegetation, Pavements, and collection of the water from each blocks at water body or a tank in site. At Building level water can be store as a water body in the clusters and it can be store in the small tank.

C. LOCAL MATERIAL At Building Level Local Material will be use which reduce the energy and increase the thermal comfort and human comfort. Stone, Mud, Bamboo, Wood, Dang, Thatch as local material with modern techniques and brick and R.c.c as a modern material.

D. TAKE AWAY

st

Divide the site in three parts 1 will According to the climate condition there will be thick vegetation for create an be a central spine longitudinal to the N-S effective air pressure at micro direction and around it all the blocks will be nd rd placed. And center will have surrounded by climate, 2 will be center & 3 will the trees for micro climate and water be for future expansion. conservation.

Figure 49: Zoning to create a Micro climate

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7.2.3. RURAL FABRIC A. SETTLEMENT PATTERN Street network

Settlement

Secondary Primary

Tertiary

Village Settlements around Main Axis

House settlement around streets

House Type

Figure 50: Settlement pattern & Street network of surrounding village with a house type

House Type

Every settlement is situated on the edge of the Primary road & every houses are situated on the edge of the secondary road. All houses are connected with the courtyards and it creates an organic pattern of the tertiary streets, where they used to celebrate functions.

Figure 51: Typical House Section

B. TAKE AWAY

It will be cluster of blocks and they have spaces and scale based on the local house form with local material.

Figure 52: Thought for the cluster & scale of building

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There will be one axis (Spine) from the road around it all the blocks will be placed. Axis will not be the linear, it will go acc. to the cluster pattern.

That axis will have inbetween open spaces, which will be use as a public space.

7.3.

ACTIVITIES AND CONNECTION OF SPACES

Figure 53: Activities and connection of the spaces with sketches

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8. DESIGN EVOLUTION 8.1.

DESIGN DECISIONS

8.2.

DESIGN PROCESS

8.3.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DRAWINGS

8.4.

PREFINAL STAGE DRAWING

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8. DESIGN EVOLUTION 8.1.

DESIGN DECISIONS

Figure 54: Design decisions for the further development

42

8.2.

DESIGN PROCESS

Figure 55: Process for the organization of the spaces on site

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8.3.

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT DRAWING

Accommodation

Admin Shops

Chowk

Public space Workshops

Exhibition

Figure 56: site plan with ground floor and site model photos

The entrance and front of the site will be use for the public use in daily basis as the padar of the village where it will have an event space for their functions as they use to celebrate festive functions at the border of the village (padar).

Shops Central path

Figure 57: Sketches and schematic sections of diff. spaces

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8.4.

PRE-FINAL STAGE DRAWINGS

Entrance Display

Figure 58: Site plan with Ground floor

All spaces have placed in such a way that when person moving on central path one will fill the diff. experience and spaces which connect to the individual block.

Figure 59: First floor plan with roof of ground floor structure Figure 60: Section & Elevation of the center with Views

Art on mud plastered wall Elevation of Workshop

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46

9. FINAL LAYOUT 9.1.

ORGANIZATION OF SPACES AT SITE

9.2.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 9.2.1. SHOPS & ENTRANCE PAVILION 9.2.2. EXHIBITION GALLERY 9.2.3. ADMIN, DAYCARE & INFORMAL LEARNING 9.2.4. ACCOMMODATION 9.2.5. WORKSHOPS

9.3.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN WITH ROOF OF GROUND

9.4.

DETAILS OF WALLSECTION & ROOF

9.5.

3D VIEWS OF DIFFERENT SPACES

9.6.

SITE VIEWS 47

Figure 61: A Site view from water tank

48

An Initiative Towards Socio-Economic Development of Tribal in Jhalo, Gujarat

FINAL LAYOUT of UP-LIFTMENT CENTER

9. FINAL LAYOUT

9.1.

ORGANIZATION OF SPACES AT SITE

Figure 62: organization of spaces at site level with site level concern

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9.2.

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Figure 63: Ground floor plan with the views of public spaces at front

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9.2.1. SHOPS & ENRANCE PAVILION

Figure 64: Detail plan of shops and entrance pavilion

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9.2.2. EXHIBITION GALLERY

Figure 65: Detail plan of exhibition galleries with views of connection with workshop space

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9.2.3. ADMIN, DAYCARE & INFORMAL LEARNING

Figure 66: Detail plan of Admin, Day care & Informal learning with views of their connection

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9.2.4. ACCOMMODATION

Figure 67: Detail Plan of Accommodation

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9.2.5. WORKSHOP

Figure 68: Detail plan of Workshop area

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9.3.

FIRST FLOOR PLAN WITH ROOF OF GROUND

Figure 69: First floor plan with roofs of ground floor structure

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9.4.

DETAILS OF WALL SECTION & ROOF

Figure 70: Details of wall section & roof using local material with modern technique

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9.5.

3D VIEWS OF DEFFERENT SPACES

Figure 71: 3D Views showing different spaces and their activities and connection with other spaces

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9.6.

SITE VIEWS

Site view is having angle from front side with the Internal entrance of center

Site view from top of the water tank which shows the central path with spaces

Site view from the back side which shows the connection of Center & Farm land Figure 72: Site views from diff. angles

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10.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.ecoindia.com/tribes/ https://www.tribesindia.in/gujarat-tribes.php https://www.censusindia2011.com/gujarat/dohad/jhalod-population.html https://vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/scheduled-tribes-welfare/scheduled-tribes-in-india http://ijsw.tiss.edu/collect/ijsw/index/assoc/HASH018b/22b1969f.dir/doc.pdf https://www.wionews.com/india-news/how-bhil-tribe-members-are-changing-thecourse-of-their-history-24276 https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/tribes/tribal-development-in-india/47407 https://www.latlong.net/convert-address-to-lat-long.html Life of Bhil tribal women of eastern Gujarat | Milan About Gujarat Tribal Peoples | Indiatribes.com http://suren44.blogspot.com/2017/ https://sewarural.org/vivekananda-gramin-tekniki-kendra/ https://telanganatoday.com/learning-traditional-way-of-construction http://www.hunnarshala.org/technology-interventions.html https://counterview.org/2014/09/09/gujarats-eastern-districts-have-higher-incidenceof-poverty-as-they-are-landlocked-are-away-from-trading-milieu-of-coastal-areas/ https://www.agpworkshops.com/workshops/paper-making-workshop3/?startDate=13-03-2021 http://www.sahajindia.org/sahaj--our-activities--capacity-building.html http://www.earth-auroville.com/earth_in_auroville_introduction_en.php https://aurovillebamboocentre.org/inter-volunteer/ https://www.somaiya-kalavidya.org/education-for-artisans.html

Issues and Challenges of Rural Development in India |volume-7 | issue-10 | Indian journals of applied research.

Rural development in India – a way forward-*Dr. S. Vijay Kumar Kumar A. “Rural industrialization in India: a strategy for rural development” Mittal Publications, Delhi, 1989.

Sharma, Swati and Vyas, Divya (2011), “Entrepreneurship in Rural India – A Need Analysis”, International Journal of Business Economics and Management Research, Volume 2, Issue 4, April Sandeep Saxena, “Problems Faced by Rural Entrepreneurs and Remedies to Solve It”, ISOR Journal of Business and Management, 3(1), pp. 23-29, 2012.

International Journal of Geosciences, 2016, 7, 1283-1298 District wise skill gap study for the State of Gujarat (2012-17, 2017-22) Working Paper No. 125, Gujarat Institute of Development Research Gota, Ahmedabad 380 060

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