Famous Architect’s Building: Materials Application (Final Submitted Work)

ST. MARY' S CATHEDRAL, TOKYO, JAPAN

After experiencing their grandeur, trying to reach the sky, and their ineffably mystical spaces, I began to imagine new spaces, and I wanted to create them using modern technology.

-Kenzo Tange

DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS:

Architectural materials are mainly used to enhance appearance for aesthetic reasons. The 5 architectural materials analyzed are sandstone, galvanized aluminium, Italian marble, concrete slab and stained glass.

KENZO TANGE SITE PLAN

ARCHITECT'S BACKGROUND

丹下健三

Kenzo Tange ( , Tange Kenzō, September 4, 1913 - March 22, 2005) .He was one of the most significant architects of the 20th century, combining traditional Japanese styles with modernity and designing magnificent structures on five continents.In addition, he was a member of CIAM (Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne) in the 1950s. His career spanned the entire second half of the 20th century and created numerous striking buildings in Tokyo like Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum, Yoyogi National Gymnasium, Fuji TV Building, and St. Mary's Cathedral. Furthermore, influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist, Le Corbusier, Tange gained international recognition in 1949 when he won the competition for the design of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. In 1954, he received Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects and received the AIA Gold Medal in 1966. In 1987 he was also awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize, and in 1993 he received the Japan Art Association’s Praemium Imperiale prize for architecture. In 2005, his funeral was held in this work of his, St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo, Japan.

BUILDING'S BACKGROUND

St. Mary's Cathedral is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tokyo and is located in the Sekiguchi neighbourhood of Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan. Built-in 1964 and covers an area of ​2541 m². The concept takes the form of a bird with outstretched wings. The building is modernist and metabolism, influenced by Le Corbusier. The layout of the building is in the shape of a cross where 8 hyperbolic parabolas rise up as a contemporary landmark of the cathedral.

In 1945 a fire caused by an air attack in World War II destroyed the formerly wooden Gothic church. In 1960, Kenzo Tange won the tender for the reconstruction of the modern St. Mary's Cathedral in Tokyo, Japan.

In 2007, Taisei Construction Co. and Tange Associates began restoration work mainly on the roof due to the ingress of rainwater over the years, causing the bolts that hold the outer steel panels to rust, which would lead to rust.

This would pose a high risk of major accidents by strong winds.

DEFINITION OF STRUCTURAL BUILDING MATERIALS:

Baptismal Font Bust of St. Francis Xavier ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL 3. Statue of the Pieta MATERIALS LEGEND 4. The Holy Cross 5. The Altar 2 6. Altar of the Virgin Mary 7 7. The Organ 4 8. Bell Tower 9. Grotto of Lourdes 3

Structural materials are materials used primarily for mechanical properties as well as to support the building. This includes the responses of the material to an applied force, whether elastic or plastic, hardness and resistance. The 2 structural materials analyzed are ELEVATIONS stainless steel frame and reinforced concrete.

1.

2.

YEAR:

1964

AREA:

2541 m²

1. SANDSTONE

5 and 6 1

(ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL)

FLOOR LAYOUT/PLAN

exterior facade draws attention to itself with metallic tones, which are particularly dazzling on a sunny day, the interior captivates with gloomy tones and unfinished textures, very similar to the Japanese concept of Wabi-Sabi, which represents the aesthetic enjoyment of things. It is The

2. STAINLESS STEEL FRAME (STRUCTURAL MATERIAL)

iron bolts, which are held with iron-shaped bolts. It is used on the roof due to improved corrosion resistance Wear with

THREE-DIMENSIONAL PERSPECTIVE

that protects the building from many

hard climatic conditions. This CO2 footprint in the environment as it is nearly 100% recyclable. different

helps to reduce the

Resistant to corrosion, environmentally friendly, low maintenance, permanent, attractive appearance.

3. GALVANIZED ALUMINIUM (ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL)

also used in the works of other architects, such as the famous

Church of Light by Tadao Ando.

It has durability. fireresistant, and possesses strength.

The main cladding and façade of the building, where the roof is replaced with an aluminium frame for easy repair, helps protect the metal from rust and corrosion, which is very important for exteriors exposed to elements and conditions.

Anti-corrosive, anti-corrosion, extremely durable, economical, ideal for outdoor use and fireproof.

Supported by

iron bolts.

IDEAS OR CONCEPTS BEHIND THE ELECTION OF MATERIALS

Modernist is based on innovative building technologies, functionalism, minimalism, rejection of ornament.

“METABOLISM” consisted of using architecture as a tool for the possible change in society.

MATERIAL INSTALLATION OF ST.MARY'S CATHEDRAL, TOKYO, JAPAN.

Process of scaffolding the concrete structure

6. REINFORCED CONCRETE

Light effects on

(STRUCTURAL MATERIAL)

1. SANDSTONE, Unfinished texture like the Japanese concept of "Wasasabi" which is in complete contrast to the shiny metal wings.

8 The concrete curved walls hold the entire structure as a roof and walls that support the cathedral. Use to pick up the tension of the traction and minimize the width of the cracks developed.

2. ITALIAN MARBLE, It comes from Italy's rich stone heritage, which is considered superior due to its quantities such as purity, durability and beautiful white colour.

The printing force of 10,000 psi, fire resist, permanently of adverse weather conditions.

3. STAINED GLASS, It lets light to penetrate into the dark room, creates contrasts and reinforces the symbolism of the church as a religious space.

Depicts biblical scenes, communicates biblical stories, Christian beliefs and improves the visual appearance and spatial qualities.

Concrete with steel reinforcements in a huge framework.

(ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL)

4. GALVANIZED ALUMINIUM, The reflection on the facade is like a shiny dress. Visible crystals in the siding create a mottled aesthetic known as a "spangle". Properties such as corrosion resistance, durability and long-term economy make it ideal for outdoor use.

5. STAINLESS STEEL FRAME, used to support the roof with properties such as corrosion resistance, long life, ease of maintenance and also environmental friendliness.

6. CONCRETE, open and raw, in contrast to the additive surface. It feels like getting under your skin and makes you feel calm. It shows a dramatic spectacle in contact with light that penetrates through openings or windows on the sides of the cross.

The different wing heights create a dynamic shape in the sky.

The highest wing is 39.41 m high

design has been completed, the structural drawings will start to produce and the concrete and reinforcing steel quantities are estimated as well as the amount of formwork and shoring.

Once the

4. ITALIAN MARBLE

reinforcement steel and supply the concrete that meets specific climate. The concrete formwork and shoring will start to place to support the weight of the wet concrete and other construction loads. After that, will start to place concrete and the curing process will undergo to gain the required design strength.

After going through the procedures above, a proper reshoring sequence must be specified

sustained loads from being prematurely applied to green concrete (concrete that has not attained design strength) It is used as a flooring of the altar platform. It is important to be superior due to its durability, purity and beautiful white colour. to prevent

5.CONCRETE SLAB (ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL)

The stained glass allows the classic dramatization of light resulting in the Roman churches. The painted details and yellow spots are used to improve the design.

The glass stims are arranged so that they form patterns or persistent images by lead strips and are worn by a rigid frame.

Alkali, silica and lead oxide. The colour is generated by adding metal oxide to raw materials when merged.

CONCLUSION:

In my opinion, I believe that the way these materials are chosen can create a living unit that can use by all people which unites technology and humanity. All the materials chosen are specifically to expose the muscles, bones, and skin of the St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo, Japan. In addition, the light effects on the curved walls make the interior atmosphere extremely enveloping as Kenzo Tange conceived this church as a concrete structure, simple in concept and complex in shape, which recalls the lightness of a bird and its wings.

In conclusion, Kenzo Tange had used these materials to their full potential to combines a Japanese theme with oriental culture and sensitivity and resolves the complexity of the project, and this make it become the brilliant architecture ever of his.

The reflection of the sunlight on the stainless

REFERENCES:

outer cladding looks like a shimmering dress on the hard concrete slabs. Although the cladding is monochrome, the curves increase the dynamism of the structure. All of this makes the church an emblematic building. in the dense urban context of Tokyo. steel

It is believed that

Giannotti.A (2021, March 3). "AD Classics: St.Mary Cathedral/ Kenzo Tange". Retrieved from: https://www.archdaily.com/114435/ad-classics-st-marycathedral-kenzo-tange 2. Carlos Zeballos (2020, December 17). "Kenzo Tange: St. Mary's Cathedral, Tokyo.". Retrieved from: http://architecturalmoleskine.blogspot.com/2011/10/kenz o-tange-st-marys-cathedral-tokyo.html?m=1 3. ArchEyes (2020, November 1). 'St. Mary's Cathedral in Tokyo / Kenzo Tange". Retrieved from: https://archeyes.com/st-marys-cathedral-in-tokyo-kenzotange/#:~:text=The%20St.,and%20dark%20(rough%20interi or) 4. Shuzhi. V.A.P.B. (2018, October 7), “St. Mary Cathedral / Kenzo Tange“. Retrieved from: https://tokyo.catholic.jp/english/archdiocese_en/17918/ 5.“Saint Mary's Cathedral of Tokyo - Data, Photos & Plans“ (2018, April 10). Retrieved from: https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/saint-maryscathedral-of-tokyo/ 1.

raw materials have a sense

of holiness required without ornaments.

The bell tower is 60 meters high and the concrete walls are integrated into the concept. At first glance, all sides of the hood appear flat but are actually hyperbolic and the corners form a straight line.

perceived from the outside.

(ARCHITECTURAL MATERIAL)

the

St. Mary's Cathedral , Tokyo, Japan.

The roof , the window with skylights and the large cross shape are the only places where natural light comes in, its design is best

7. STAINED GLASS

Surely after that, will start to place

the

Symbolized biblical concepts of concretized and explicit strength. Reflection in stainless steel looks like a bright dress on concrete slabs. sacred sensation, high tensile strength, durability, different tools, infinity.

It offers a

GERALD KHO MING XIANG

0343462

TUTOR:AR.EDWIN CHAN YEANG LIONG

BLD61604 (PROJECT 1)