Army 245: Call to Duty

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Disclaimer: Army 245: Call to Duty is published by Professional Media Group, LLC with its registered offices located in Clearwater, Florida. Copyright 2020/2021. Neither the Office of the US President, the Department of Defense or the US Military, or any other government or military bodies have approved, endorsed or authorized this product or promotion, serve or activity.

INSIDE 8............ Donald J Trump

United States President 11.......... Michael R Pence

Vice President of the United States 13.......... Ryan D McCarthy

Secretary of the Army 14.......... James E McPherson

Under Secretary of the Army 16.......... General James C McConville

Chief of Staff of the Army 18.......... Richard D Clarke

Commander, US Special Operations Command 20.......... John M Murray

Commanding General, Army Futures Command 22.......... Gustave F Perna

Commanding General, US Army Materiel Command 24.......... Major General K Todd Royar

Commanding General, US Army Aviation

and Missile Command 26.......... General Michael X Garrett Commanding General, US Army Forces Command 28.......... General Joseph M Martin Vice Chief of Staff of the Army 30.......... The National Museum of the United States Army

Honoring the Services & Sacrifice of America’s Soldiers 44.......... Moral Welfare and Recreation Defending, Supporting and Readying our Soldiers and their Families 54.......... 245 Years of Survival, Adaptation and Tenacity Yet They Serve 68.......... Command Any Classroom 74.......... Innovative Tech and Cutting-Edge Science Equals Land Power 80.......... Advance Sensor Technology 21st Century Domination on the Battlefield 84.......... Arming the Army with the Force of Foresight through Aviation 86.......... Boots on the Ground Bravery on the Battlefield Medal of Honor 94.......... K9 Courage Honoring America’s Guardians of Freedom

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Donald J Trump United States President

D

onald J Trump defines the American success story. Throughout his life he has continually set the standards of business and entrepreneurial excellence, especially in real estate, sports, and entertainment. Mr. Trump built on his success in private life when he entered into politics and public service. He remarkably won the Presidency in his first ever run for any political office.

A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School of Finance, Mr. Trump followed in his father’s footsteps into the world of real estate development, making his mark New York City. There, the Trump name soon became synonymous with the most prestigious of addresses in Manhattan and, subsequently, throughout the world.

Mr. Trump is also an accomplished author. He has written more than fourteen bestsellers. His first book, The Art of the Deal, is considered a business classic.

Mr. Trump announced his candidacy for the Presidency on 16 June 2015. He then accepted the Republican nomination for President of the United States in July of 2016, having defeated seventeen other contenders during the Republican primaries.

On 8 November 2016, Mr. Trump was elected President in the largest Electoral College landslide for a Republican in 28 years. Mr. Trump won more than 2,600 counties nationwide, the most since President Ronald Reagan in 1984. And he received the votes of more than 62 million Americans, the most ever for a Republican candidate. These voters, in delivering a truly national victory and historic moment, rallied behind Mr. Trump’s commitment to rebuilding our country and disrupting the political status quo that had failed to deliver results.

Mr. Trump won, in part, because he campaigned in places Republicans have had difficulty winning—Flint, Michigan, charter schools in inner-city Cleveland, and Hispanic churches in Florida. He went there because he wanted to bring his message of economic empowerment to all Americans. Millions of new Republicans trusted Mr. Trump with their vote because of his commitment to delivering prosperity through a reformed tax code, an improved regulatory environment, and better trade deals. President Trump’s victory has brought Americans of all backgrounds together, and he is committed to delivering results for the Nation every day he serves in office.

President Trump has been married to his wife, Melania, for twelve years, and they are parents to their son, Barron. Mr. Trump also has four adult children, Don Jr., Ivanka, Eric, and Tiffany, as well as ten grandchildren.

The Presidential biographies on WhiteHouse.gov are from “The Presidents of the United States of America,” by Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey. Copyright 2006 by the White House Historical Association.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Standing the Test of Time More than 100 years ago, James Allison said, “Whatever leaves this shop over my name must be of the finest work possible.” Not long after that, Allison Transmission partnered with the United States Army to make the highest quality propulsion solutions for the highest quality Soldiers.

This philosophy still drives Allison as we work together with the Army to produce innovative products that support Soldiers in accomplishing their missions — now and in the future.

© 2020 Allison Transmission Inc. All Rights Reserved.

allisontransmission.com

Michael R Pence Vice President of the United States

M

ichael R Pence was born in Columbus, Indiana, on 7 June 1959, one of six children born to Edward and Nancy Pence. As a young boy he had a front row seat to the American Dream. After his grandfather immigrated to the United States when he was 17, his family settled in the Midwest. The future Vice President watched his Mom and Dad build everything that matters – a family, a business, and a good name. Sitting at the feet of his mother and his father, who started a successful convenience store business in their small Indiana town, he was raised to believe in the importance of hard work, faith, and family.

Vice President Pence set off for Hanover College, earning his bachelor’s degree in history in 1981. While there, he renewed his Christian faith which remains the driving force in his life. He later attended Indiana University School of Law and met the love of his life, Second Lady Karen Pence.

After graduating, Vice President Pence practiced law, led the Indiana Policy Review Foundation, and began hosting The Mike Pence Show, a syndicated talk radio show and a weekly television public affairs program in Indiana. Along the way he became the proud father to three children, Michael, Charlotte, and Audrey.

Growing up in Indiana, surrounded by good, hardworking Hoosiers, Vice President Pence always knew that he needed to give back to the state and the country that had given him so much. In 2000, he launched a successful bid for his local congressional seat, entering the United States House of Representatives at the age of 40.

The people of East-Central Indiana elected Vice President Pence six times to represent them in Congress. On Capitol Hill he established himself as a champion of limited government, fiscal responsibility, economic development, educational opportunity, and the US Constitution. His colleagues quickly recognized his leadership ability and unanimously elected him to serve as Chairman of the House Republican Study Committee and House Republican Conference Chairman. In this role, the Vice President helped make government smaller and more effective, reduce spending, and return power to state and local governments.

In 2013, Vice President Pence left the nation’s capital when Hoosiers elected him the 50th Governor of Indiana. He brought the same limited government and low tax philosophy to the Indiana Statehouse. As Governor, he enacted the largest income tax cut in Indiana history, lowering individual income tax rates, the business personal property tax, and the corporate income tax in order to strengthen the State’s competitive edge and attract new investment and good-paying jobs. Due to his relentless focus on jobs, the state’s unemployment rate fell by half during his four years in office, and at the end of his term, more Hoosiers were working than at any point in the state’s 200-year history.

As Governor of Indiana, Vice President Pence increased school funding, expanded school choice, and created the first state-funded Pre-K plan in Indiana history. He made career and technical education a priority in every high school. Under Vice President Pence’s leadership, Indiana, known as “The

Crossroads of America,” invested more than 800 million dollars in new money for roads and bridges across the state. Despite the record tax cuts and new investments in roads and schools, the state remained fiscally responsible, as the Vice President worked with members of the Indiana General Assembly to pass two honestly balanced budgets that left the state with strong reserves and AAA credit ratings that were the envy of the nation.

It was Indiana’s success story, Vice President Pence’s record of legislative and executive experience, and his strong family values that prompted President Donald Trump to select Mike Pence as his running mate in July 2016.

The American people elected President Donald Trump and Vice President Pence on 8 November 2016. President Donald Trump and Vice President Pence entered office on 20 January 2017.

Vice President Mike Pence remains grateful for the grace of God, the love and support of his family, and the blessings of liberty that are every American’s birthright. He looks forward to working with the American people as together they seek to Make America Great Again.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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June 2020

Allison Transmission salutes the United States Army’s 245 years of service, as well as the sacrifice of the Soldiers who committed their lives to protect our great Nation. The National Museum of the United States Army celebrates this commitment to excellence and seeks to inspire all who visit.

From the muddy roads of France to the skies over Europe and the Pacific, the United States Army harnessed America’s industrial might. Soldiers equipped with reliable trucks, tanks, and aircraft answered the Nation’s call and defended the world from tyranny.

From an Abrams tank on the streets of Baghdad, Strykers in the valleys of Afghanistan, to logistical vehicles driving long distances under the most demanding conditions, America’s Army is one of the Nation’s pillars of strength that ensures a safer world for future generations.

The character of war continues to change as electrification, autonomy, and cyber present unique capabilities and challenges during Multi-Domain Operations. The National Museum of the United States Army Experiential Learning Center’s emphasis on Geography, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math encourages students to pursue lifelong learning, collaboration, and innovation.

These attributes are critical to continued growth of our Nation in the decades to come. These skills will help develop promising new technologies, and provide the most reliable equipment to Soldiers to accomplish any mission.

America’s Army has safeguarded our Nation and shaped the world. For this, we are grateful. Allison Transmission is proud of more than one hundred years of support to the Army. We look forward to continuing that partnership and meeting tomorrow’s challenges together.

David S. Graziosi President and Chief Executive Officer

Allison Transmission Inc. | One Allison Way | Indianapolis, IN 46222-3271

Ryan D McCarthy Secretary of the Army

R

yan D McCarthy was confirmed by the US Senate, 26 September 2019, and sworn in as the 24th secretary of the US Army, 30 September 2019. McCarthy was unanimously confirmed by the US Senate and appointed as the 33rd under secretary of the Army, 1 August 2017.

As secretary, he has statutory responsibilities for all matters relating to the US Army, to include the recruitment, organization, training, equipping, and care of 1.4 million active duty, National Guard, Reserve Soldiers, Department of the Army Civilians and their families.

Prior to his confirmation as the under secretary of the Army, McCarthy worked for Lockheed Martin Corporation in sequential vice president roles responsible for the sustainment, customer solutions and program integration of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program and the company's global security policy.

McCarthy previously served as the special assistant to the 22nd Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, under Presidents Bush and Obama, where he advised as the secretary's representative to the White House, Congress, National Security Agencies and other Foreign Governments. He also served as the special assistant to the under secretary of defense for Acquisition Technology and Logistics and was responsible for policy development and coordination with the joint staff and uniformed services acquisition leaders on procurement and supply chain management policies. He also served as a professional staff member in the US House of Representatives Committee on International Relations. Prior to his legislative experience, from 2002 to 2005, he worked as the vice president of Commercial Financing for the Hongkong Shanghai Banking Corporation.

McCarthy proudly served in the US Army from 1997 to 2002 and was involved in combat operations in Afghanistan in support of OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM with the 75th Ranger Regiment, US Special Operations Command.

He holds a Bachelor of Arts in History from Virginia Military Institute and a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Maryland's Robert H. Smith School of Business.

McCarthy and his wife have been married for over 10 years and have one daughter.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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James E McPherson Under Secretary of the Army

J

ames E McPherson was confirmed by the United States Senate on 23 March 2020. He was appointed by the President of the United States and sworn in as the 34th Under Secretary of the United States Army on 25 March 2020. From 2 January 2018, to 24 March 2020, Mr. McPherson served as the 22nd General Counsel of the Army.

As the Under Secretary of the Army, Mr. McPherson is the Secretary of the Army’s senior civilian assistant and principal adviser on matters related to the management and operation of the Army. He is also the Chief Management Officer of the Army and, in that position, he is the Secretary’s principal adviser on the effective and efficient organization of business operations and transformation initiatives. He also serves as the Senior Official for all Executive and Senior Professional personnel actions and is responsible for developing policies and programs and supervising and directing all civilian senior leaders.

For his two years as the General Counsel of the Army, Mr. McPherson served as the chief lawyer of the Army ultimately responsible for determining the Army’s position on any legal question. He served as legal counsel to the Secretary of the Army, Under Secretary, the five Assistant Secretaries, and other members of the Army Secretariat. He also exercised technical supervision over the Offices of the Judge Advocate General of the Army, the Command Counsel of Army Material Command, and the Chief Counsel of the Army Corps of Engineers.

For the ten years immediately prior to his service as General Counsel of the Army, he was the Executive Director of the National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG), a professional association of the state, territorial, and District of Columbia attorneys general providing a forum for the exchange of knowledge, experiences, and insights on subjects of importance to its members. Before joining NAAG, he served as General Counsel for the DoD Counterintelligence Field Activity where he provided legal advice on counterintelligence, operational, and policy matters, intelligence oversight, contract and fiscal law, ethics, and administrative law.

In 2006, Mr. McPherson completed a distinguished career in the United States Navy, retiring as the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. His career included assignments as a Trial Attorney, Senior Prosecutor, Senior Defense Attorney, and Commanding Officer of a Trial Service Office. His assignments as a Staff Judge Advocate included shore assignments overseas, on major command staffs, and afloat. He served as legal counsel to both the Vice Chief and Chief of Naval Operations. His first flag assignment was as the Deputy Judge Advocate General of the Navy and Commander, Naval Legal Service Command. In 2004, President Bush appointed and the Senate confirmed him as the Navy’s 39th Judge Advocate General – the senior uniformed attorney in the Department of the Navy providing legal counsel and strategic advice to the Chief of Naval Operations and Secretary of the Navy. His military decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, the Legion of Merit (two awards), and the Meritorious Service Medal (four awards). He began his professional career as an enlisted soldier in the US Army serving at the Presidio of San Francisco, South Korea, and the 1st Infantry Division.

Mr. McPherson is a 1977 graduate of San Diego State University and a 1981 graduate of the University of San Diego School of Law. He holds a Master of Laws degree in military law from the Judge Advocate General’s School of the Army.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Mr. McPherson and his wife Jennifer have been married twenty-seven years and have two adult children.

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General

James C McConville Chief of Staff of the Army

G

eneral James C McConville assumes duties as the 40th chief of staff of the US Army, 9 August 2019, after most recently serving as the 36th Vice Chief of Staff of the US Army.

He is a native of Quincy, Massachusetts, and a graduate of the US Military Academy at West Point, New York. He holds a Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology and was a National Security Fellow at Harvard University in 2002.

McConville’s command assignments include commanding general of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), where he also served as the commanding general of Combined Joint Task Force-101, OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM; deputy commanding general (Support) of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), where he also served as the deputy commanding general (Support) of Combined Joint Task Force-101, OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, commander of 4th Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Operation Iraqi Freedom; commander of 2nd Squadron, 17th Calvary Regiment, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault); and commander of C Troop, 2nd Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment, 7th Infantry Division (Light).

His key staff assignments include the US Army deputy chief of staff, G-1; chief of Legislative Liaison; executive officer to the vice chief of staff of the Army; G-3 for 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault); J5 strategic planner for US Special Operations Command; S-3 for 25th Combat Aviation Brigade; S-3 for 5th Squadron, 9th Cavalry; and S-3 for Flight Concepts Division.

McConville is a senior Army aviator qualified in the AH-64D Longbow Apache, OH-58 Kiowa Warrior, AH-6, AH-1 Cobra and other aircraft. His awards and decorations include two Distinguished Service Medals, three Legions of Merit, three Bronze Star Medals, two Defense Meritorious Service Medals, three Meritorious Service Medals, two Air Medals, the Joint Service Commendation Medal, two Army Commendation Medals, four Army Achievement Medals, the Combat Action Badge, the Expert Infantryman’s Badge, the Master Army Aviator Badge, the Air Assault Badge, the Parachutist Badge, and the Army Staff Identification Badge.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Happy 245th Birthday, Army

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Proud sponsor of the Army Museum & partner with Homes For Our Troops

General

Richard D Clarke Commander, US Special Operations CommanD

G

eneral Richard D Clarke currently serves as the 12th Commander of US Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) headquartered at MacDill Air Force Base, FL.

Prior to assuming command of USSOCOM, General Clarke served as Director for Strategic Plans and Policy (J5), Joint Staff, the Pentagon, Washington, DC. General Clarke’s other assignments as a general officer include: Deputy Commanding General for Operations, 10th Mountain Division from 2011 to 2013; the 74th Commandant of Cadets, United States Military Academy at West Point from 2013 to 2014; and the Commander of the 82nd Airborne Division.

His formative and key, Army and special operations, assignments include: Director of Operations, Joint Special Operations Command from 2009 to 2011.

Eight years in the 75th Ranger Regiment first as a company commander, then as a battalion commander, and finally as the regimental commander. He also served as commander of 3rd Battalion, 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division.

General Clarke has led Soldiers at all levels in Airborne, Ranger, Mechanized and Light Infantry units in five different divisions, the 173rd Airborne Brigade, and the 75th Ranger Regiment in the United States, Europe, Iraq and Afghanistan. His deployments while serving in the aforementioned positions include OPERATIONS DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM, OPERATION JOINT GUARDIAN in Macedonia, three deployments in support of OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM, four deployments in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, and one deployment as the commander of the Combined Joint Forces Land Component Command – OPERATION INHERENT RESOLVE. General Clarke was born in Germany and raised in an Army family. He is a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY, and was commissioned into the Infantry in 1984. He holds a Bachelor of Science degree from West Point and a Master of Business Administration from Benedictine College. He is a distinguished graduate of the National War College earning a master’s degree in Security and Strategic Studies.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

A SPECIAL SALUTE

IN HONOR OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY

245 YEARS

FROM ALL OF US AT MICROTECH KNIVES

TACTICAL KNIVES AND TOOLS

VISIT OUR SERVICE PERSONNEL PROGRAM FOR GOV & MILITARY DISCOUNTS /// MICROTECHKNIVES.COM /SPP AD ARTWORK TAKEN FROM ORIGINAL ARMY PHOTO /// CREDIT: 2ND BATTALION, 75TH RANGER REGIMENT

General

John M Murray Commanding General, Army Futures Command

G

eneral Murray was commissioned as an Infantry officer in the US Army upon graduation from the Ohio State University in 1982. Throughout his career, General Murray has served in leadership positions and commanded from Company through Division, with various staff assignments at the highest levels of the Army.

General Murray has held numerous command positions. His command assignments include: Commanding General Joint Task Force-3; Deputy Commanding General – Support for US Forces Afghanistan; Commander Bagram Airfield; Commanding General 3rd Infantry Division at Fort Stewart, Georgia; Commander, 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, at Fort Hood, Texas while serving in OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; Commander, 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division, United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, Germany; Commander, C Company, 1-12th Infantry Battalion, 4th Infantry Division (Mechanized), Fort Carson, Colorado.

Previously, he was the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-8, in the Pentagon; Director, Force Management, the Pentagon; Assistant Deputy Director for Joint Training, J-7, Joint Staff, Suffolk, Virginia; Director, Joint Center for Operational Analysis, United States Joint Forces Command, Suffolk, Virginia; Deputy Commanding General (Maneuver), 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Hood, Texas; Deputy Commanding General (Maneuver), Multi-National Division-Baghdad OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, Iraq; G-3 (Operations), III Corps, Fort Hood, Texas; Chief of Staff, III Corps and Fort Hood, Fort Hood, Texas; C-3, Multi-National Corps-Iraq, OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM, Iraq; G-3 (Operations), 1st Infantry Division, United States Army Europe and Seventh Army, Germany; Chief, Space Control Protection Section, J-33, United States Space Command, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado; S- 3(Operations), later Executive Officer, 1st Battalion, 5th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division, Fort Hood, Texas; Chief, Plans, G-1, III Corps and Fort Hood, Fort Hood, Texas.

General Murray’s awards and decorations include: the Distinguished Service Medal w/ Oak Leaf Cluster, the Defense Superior Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Legion of Merit with two Oak Leaf Clusters, the Bronze Star Medal with three Oak Leaf Clusters, the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Meritorious Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters, the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Joint Service Achievement Medal, the Army Achievement Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Ranger Tab, the Combat Infantryman Badge, the Expert Infantryman Badge, the Parachutist Badge, the Air Assault Badge, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge and the Army Staff Identification Badge.

General Murray hails from Kenton, Ohio. He and his wife, Jane, have three lovely daughters and seven grandchildren.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

General

Gustave F Perna Commanding General, US Army Materiel Command and Joint Munitions and Lethality Lifecycle Management Command, responsible for the lifecycle management of 40 billion dollars of conventional ammunition; Commander, Defense Supply Center Philadelphia, Defense Logistics Agency, responsible for the procurement of more than 14.5 billion dollars worth of food, clothing, textiles, medicines, medical supplies, construction and equipment items for America’s Warfighters and other customers worldwide; Commander, 4th Sustainment Brigade, where he deployed the brigade to combat operations during OIF 05-07; Commander, 64th Forward Support Battalion, 3rd Brigade, 4th Infantry Division, Fort Carson, Colorado, where he deployed the battalion to combat operations during OIF I; Deputy Commanding Officer, 64th Corps Support Group, 13th Corps Support Command, Fort Hood, Texas; and Commander, B Company, 143rd Ordnance Battalion, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland.

G

eneral Gustave F Perna assumed duties as the 19th Commander of the US Army Materiel Command (AMC) 30 September 2016.

General Perna served for two years as the Army’s Deputy Chief of Staff, G-4 in his previous assignment. He oversaw policies and procedures used by all Army logisticians throughout the world. Prior to joining the Army staff, he served for two years as Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3/4, US Army Materiel Command, one of the Army’s largest commands with 190,000 military, civilian and contractor employees, impacting all 50 states and 152 countries.

The General’s other command assignments include: Commander, Joint Munitions Command

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

General Perna’s key staff assignments include: Director of Logistics, J4, US ForcesIraq, responsible for sustainment plans and policies for strategic and operational logistics to sustain coalition and joint forces; Executive Officer to the Director of the Defense Logistics Agency, supporting the Director’s mission of providing Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps and other federal agencies with logistics, acquisitions and technical services support; Ordnance Branch Chief, Human Resources Command; DISCOM Executive Officer and G4, 1st Cavalry Division, where he deployed to Bosnia; 544th Maintenance Battalion Support Operations Officer and Battalion Executive Officer, 13th COSCOM; and G4 Maintenance Officer, 13th COSCOM, where he deployed to Somalia as a member of Joint Task Force Support Command.

He graduated from Valley Forge Military Academy with an Associate’s degree in Business Administration. Graduating as a Distinguished Military Graduate, he was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant, Infantry Officer. He earned a Bachelor’s degree in Business Management from the University of Maryland and a Master’s degree in Logistics Management from Florida Institute of Technology.

His military education includes: Infantry Officer Basic Course, Ordnance Officer Advance Course, Logistics Executive Development Course, Support Operations Course, Command and General Staff College and Senior Service College.

His awards and decorations include: Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters, Defense Superior Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Defense Meritorious Service Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with four Oak Leaf Clusters, and the Parachutist and Air Assault Badges.

vectrus stands

SHOULDER TO SHOULDER WITH THE U.S. ARMY

in its mission of defending and protecting America. We celebrate the Army’s 245th birthday and commemorate the opening of the National Museum of the United States Army which honors the Army’s history through soldier stories. ©2020 Vectrus, Inc. The appearance of U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) visual information does not imply or constitute DoD endorsement.

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Major General

K Todd Royar Commanding General, US Army Aviation and Missile Command

M

ajor General K Todd Royar assumed command of the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command on 10 June 2019. As the commander, he leads more than 16,000 Soldiers and civilians in providing aviation, missile and test measurement and diagnostic equipment sustainment support to the Joint Warfighter to enable readiness.

Royar graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in 1988 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in Army Aviation. He was assigned as a platoon leader to the 158th Aviation Regiment, Frankfurt, Germany, flying OH-58 (Kiowa) aircraft. While assigned to the 158th Aviation Regiment, he deployed in support of OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM. His command assignments include E Troop, 5th Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment in the Republic of Korea; D Troop, 1st Squadron, 10th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Hood, Texas; 2nd Squadron, 17th Cavalry Regiment at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, deploying with the squadron in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; 4th Squadron, 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment in Fort Hood, deploying with the squadron in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM; 159th Combat Aviation Brigade, Fort Campbell, deploying with the brigade in support of OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM. Royar also served as the Chief of Staff, United States Army Aviation and Missile Command at Redstone Arsenal, Alabama; and, most recently, as the Deputy Commanding General - Support for the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) at Fort Campbell.

Royar is a graduate of the United States Army Armor School; the United States Army Command and General Staff College; the School of Advanced Military Studies, where he earned a Master of Military Art and Science degree; the AH-64 Aviator Qualification Course; and the United States Navy War College, where he earned a Master of Science degree in National Security and Strategic Studies.

Royar has deployed and commanded units in combat at every echelon from platoon to brigade in support of OPERATION DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM, IRAQI FREEDOM and ENDURING FREEDOM. His awards and decorations include the Defense Superior Service Medal, three Legions of Merit, three Bronze Star Medals, four Meritorious Service Medals, five Air Medals, four Army Commendation Medals, the Army Achievement Medal, the Combat Action Badge, the Parachutist Badge, the Air Assault Badge, the Master Army Aviator Badge and the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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General

Michael X Garrett Commanding General, US Army Forces CommanD G

eneral Michael X Garrett assumed duties as the 23rd Commander of United States Army Forces Command, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, on 21 March 2019. As Commander of the United States Army’s largest organization, he

commands 215,000 active duty Soldiers, and 190,000 in the US Army Reserve, while providing training and readiness oversight of US Army National Guard. In total, the Forces Command team includes 745,000 Soldiers and 96,000 Civilians.

General Garrett has commanded at every level from Company through Army Service Component Command, and led units in combat operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.

A career Infantryman, General Garrett received his commission in 1984 upon graduating from Xavier University. Following his initial military training courses, including Ranger, Pathfinder, and Jumpmaster, he served his formative years in the 75th Ranger Regiment and the 82nd Airborne Division, where he commanded 3rd Battalion 325th Infantry (Airborne), 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. He also commanded 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne), 25th Infantry Division (Light), which he deployed in support of OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM. Following Brigade Command, General Garrett served as the Deputy Commanding General of United States Army Recruiting Command, and subsequently, as Chief of Staff, XVIII Airborne Corps. In support of OPERATION NEW DAWN, he deployed to Iraq as the Deputy Chief of Staff for United States Forces-Iraq. Returning stateside, he served as Commanding General, United States Army Alaska, before assuming duty as Chief of Staff, United States Central Command. His most recent assignment was as Commanding General, United States Army Central (USARCENT) and Coalition Forces Land Component Command (CFLCC).

General Garrett holds a Bachelor’s Degree from Xavier University, and his military education includes United States Army Command and General Staff College and a Senior Service College Fellowship.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Xavier University would like to congratulate the

United States Army on its 245th birthday.

Xavier has a long tradition of supporting the United States Army through its’ ROTC and Veterans Support programs.

Recently, 1984 Xavier graduate Michael X. Garrett became the Xavier ROTC program’s first officer to rise to the rank of General. Xavier’s ROTC continues to attract high performing students who desire to serve their Nation.

Xavier also demonstrates its commitment to our military through its’ Student Veterans Center.

Xavier participates in the Yellow Ribbon Program which provides eligible Veterans with 100% of tuition required to attend the university.

The Student Veteran Center operates today, independent of University funding, through a generous gift from GE Aviation.

We at Xavier University are proud to have contributed to the history of the United States Army for over the past 150 years and look forward to making a greater contribution to the Army and our Nations Veterans in the next 150 years and beyond.

xavier.edu/veterans

Mark T Esper Secretary of the United States Army D

r. Mark T Esper was confirmed by the US Senate, 15 November 2017, and sworn in as the 23rd secretary of the US Army, 20 November 2017. Esper was nominated as the secretary of defense, 15 July 2019.

As secretary, he has statutory responsibility for all matters relating to the US Army, to include the recruitment, organization, training, equipping, and care of 1.4 million active duty, National Guard, Reserve Soldiers, Department of the Army Civilians and their Families.

For the past seven years, Esper was a senior executive at the Raytheon Company as vice president for Government Relations. From 2008-2010, Esper served concurrently as executive vice president for the US Chamber of Commerce’s Global Intellectual Property Center and as vice president for Europe and Eurasian Affairs.

From 2006-2007 he served as COO and executive vice president of Defense and International Affairs at the Aerospace Industries Association.

Esper also has extensive experience working on Capitol Hill. He served as national security advisor for Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist; policy director for the House Armed Services Committee; and as a professional staff member on the Senate Foreign Relations and Government Affairs Committees where he was responsible for national security issues. Esper also served as the legislative director and senior policy advisor to Senator Chuck Hagel.

His Pentagon experience includes serving as the deputy assistant secretary of defense (Negotiations Policy) in the Office of the Secretary of Defense and earlier on the Army staff as a war planner. Esper was also chief of staff of the Heritage Foundation, and taught at Missouri State University’s Department of Defense and Strategic Studies program in Fairfax, Virginia.

Esper is a 1986 graduate of the US Military Academy and received his commission in the Infantry. Upon completion of Ranger and Pathfinder training, he served in the Regular Army for over a decade, including service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War with the 101st Airborne Division. He later commanded an airborne rifle company in Europe. Following active duty, he served in both the Virginia and District of Columbia National Guard, and Army Reserve before retiring in 2007.

Esper holds a Master of Public Administration degree from the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, and a doctorate in Public Policy from George Washington University. He is a recipient of the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service. Among his military awards and decorations are the Legion of Merit, Bronze Star Medal, the Kuwait Liberation Medal, Kuwait Liberation Medal – Saudi Arabia, and the Combat Infantryman Badge. Esper and his wife Leah have been married for 28 years and have three adult children.

28

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Honoring the Service & Sacrifice of America’s Soldier

30

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

By Jim Lamb

DC, on 1775 Liberty Drive, Fort Belvoir,

corps officer in the Army and deployed in

Virginia) contains 185,000 square feet of

combat so there is that connection, along

The buildings stand upright and tall,

memories represented by 15,000 pieces

with having two grandparents and a great

substantial and strong, spit-shined

from the Army Art Collection as well as

uncle who fought in World War II."

and shimmering, like soldiers ready for

30,000 artifacts, documents, and images;

inspection, exactly the kind of stance

the majority of which have never been

you’d expect from a design team tasked

displayed in public.

OTHER ARTIFACTS INCLUDE: Brass-shelled snare drum – Bears

with preserving the history and heritage of America’s Army – an institution older than

Some artifacts are big, like the “Cobra

the inscription “Henry Galloway,” field

the nation itself.

King” Sherman tank that broke through

musician with Company H, 55th Regiment

German lines surrounding Bastogne,

of Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, an

Officials christened it the “National

Belgium, during the Battle of the Bulge.

African-American regiment.

Museum of the United States Army” but

Many items are smaller, like an American

NMUSA could be called the house that

Long Rifle hand-made in 1773 by

Code Talkers Congressional Medal

service and sacrifice built. These sturdy

gunsmith Thomas Tileston of Dorchester,

– Awarded in recognition of the

structures of steel, glass, and concrete

Massachusetts; a handful of coins fused

contributions made by Native Americans

aren’t the result of academic deliberations

together when Flight 77 hit the Pentagon

(representing thirty-three tribes) who

about abstract theories and lofty

on 9-11; a World War II Medic armband

served in both World Wars.

sentiments. Blood was spilled to get this

taken into outer space by US Army

built. Bodies broken. Lives lost. Families

astronaut Colonel Andrew Morgan.

and hometowns changed forever.

Sikorsky R4B – Recognized as the first large-scale, mass-produced helicopter to

"It's a great honor to take this with me to

be used by the United States Army, it went

The state-of-the-art facility (less than

the International Space Station,” Colonel

into service in 1942 and engaged in its first

thirty minutes south of Washington,

Morgan said prior to lift-off. "I'm a medical

combat mission in 1944. g

The National Museum of the United States Army will be the first and only museum to tell the 245-year history of the US Army in its entirety. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the opening has been delayed. Photo Credit: All photos by the US Army.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

31

WE SALUTE THE U.S. ARMY’S 245 YEARS OF DEDICATED SERVICE

AM General was with you then, is with you now, and will be there in the future.

World War I French tank – The “Five

because my thoughts go back to exciting

The opening chapter of America’s Army

of Hearts” was attached to the 344th

days, to times of sorrow, to times of joy and

began in 1775, the year before the

Tank Battalion in the brigade under

humor, to the honor of being here today,

Declaration of Independence. Flowing

then Colonel George S. Patton, Jr. It

and to the future when our tanks may

from that milestone are more than thirty

participated in the Meuse-Argonne Battle

again participate in action.”

million personal, intimate, yet dynamic,

in October 1918.

In 1939, at a special gathering, Arthur

stories about men and women who stood WHAT ELSE CAN

as the nation’s first line of defense. The

VISITORS ANTICIPATE?

museum honors their contributions with

Snyder, the sergeant who commanded

exhibits designed to stir memories of

the Five of Hearts after his lieutenant

Who better to set expectations than Tammy

their service as well as inform and inspire

was wounded, addressed officers and

E. Call, Director of the NMUSA.

Americans who enjoy the freedom

men of the First Battalion 66th Infantry, including Patton.

bought by the sacrifices they made.

“This is a home for our soldiers,” she said. “This is a gathering place… to bring

Welcoming these visitors is a spacious,

“It is with mixed emotions that I appear

their families, to bring their friends, and

well-lit lobby that represents a multi-

before you… and before my old tank, which

to be able to showcase where they

level, multi-faceted showcase for the

carried the symbol of the Five of Hearts,”

served and what they did and be able

Army, Army Reserve, and Army

Snyder said. “I say mixed emotions

to tell that story.”

National Guard. g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

33

Award-winning actor Joseph Mantegna,

Army Concourse invite visitors to

“Our partners at SOM did a magnificent

national spokesperson for the museum,

delve deeper into Army history through

job helping us envision a museum that

says the lobby “features rich represen-

an immersive 360-degree video, full-

would reflect the Army’s storied history,

tations of the Army’s history,” including

scale artifacts, and interactive exhibits.”

its values, and the service of the 30

illuminated glass streamers overhead that symbolize each Army campaign.

“At the southern end of the lobby, an

million men and women who have worn Paul Morando, Chief of Exhibits Division,

its uniform,” said Lieutenant General

summarized it this way: “We’re telling the

Roger Schultz, USA (Retired), president

Army’s story through soldiers’ stories.”

of the Army Historical Foundation,

engraved Honor Wall commemorates

NMUSA’s official fund-raiser.

each of the battles fought in the Army’s

He went on to add that, “developing an

history,” he added. “An oversized Army

exhibit like this requires a lot of historic

“SOM’s ability to produce such an

emblem is inlaid into the center of the

research: photographs, what type of

impressive design while ensuring the

lobby’s terrazzo flooring.”

barbed wire to use, what type of fence

museum is also green and sustainable is

posts to use; all these details need to

a credit to their team and representative

Mantegna said the lobby can be

be correct and accurate in order to give

of our shared values,” Schultz said.

re-configured for large private events

a visitor a more interactive experience.

with capacity for up to 460 guests.

When a visitor walks through, they feel

Altogether, more than thirty different

like they’ve walked into a battlefield.”

organizations brought their expertise to

“Most of the time, however, this area

34

build this project that is now owned and

serves as a nexus for all of the museum’s

The National Museum of the United

major exhibits and experiences,” he

States Army was designed by the

explained. “To the east, the Soldiers’

American architecture firm of Skidmore,

The museum shares history in a dynamic,

Story Gallery, the Army Theater, and the

Owings & Merrill (SOM).

yet intimate fashion, using innovations g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

operated by the US Army.

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like free-standing pylons positioned like

HERE ARE A FEW EXAMPLES:

sentries in the Soldiers’ Story Gallery.

He was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor.

Each pylon features an etched image of

Sergeant Joan De Munbrun, one of the

a soldier’s face, along with biographical

first female volunteers in the Women's

Sergeant Lorenzo Ortega served in

information telling that soldier’s story.

Auxiliary Army Corps during World War

Korea and remembers the sound of

Pylons are aligned in such a way that

II, describes herself as “adventurous.”

bullets flying over his head: “The worst

they create a formation that stretches

De Munbrun was a grassroots volunteer

part is not knowing whether you’re going

from the museum’s exterior into the

for the National Museum of the United

to come home or not.” He recalls seeing

building’s entryway, through the lobby,

States Army. She passed away in 2014

the American flag when he returned

and to the Army Concourse, which runs

at age 101.

stateside. “We’re home,” he said.

the entire length of the museum.

“We’re home.”

Private First Class Kaoru Moto, assigned

36

The stand-alone pylons share the

to the all-Nisei 100th Infantry Battalion

Sergeant Joseph Bowser tells how he

accounts of men and women from

in Italy, 1944, single-handedly silenced

was injured when a mortar exploded

various historic periods, offering

two enemy machine gun positions,

inside Camp Anaconda in Iraq, sending

visitors a personal perspective of each

later destroying a third despite being

shrapnel into his right leg, the lower part

soldier’s experience.

seriously wounded. Moto died in 1992.

of which had to be amputated. He later g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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went on to serve as an Army Advisor on

“Noble records that have been made

Personal Courage. These values are

Wounded Warrior issues.

are to be nobly kept,” Chamberlain

the gold, silver, and bronze threads

told a group of combat veterans.

woven into the fabric of America and its

While story-telling pylons bring visitors

“The power of noble deeds is to be

Army, threads representing the stories

up-close and personal as they focus

preserved and passed on to the future.”

of men and women who often stood

on individual soldiers, the circular

in harm’s way to serve their country.

video theater and interactive exhibits

That call to remember the past and

The museum’s galleries in conjunction

paint the big picture. Highlighting this

preserve it for the future is at the

with its artifacts and exhibits help put

effort is the movie Of Noble Deeds,

heart of the short film, which offers

the individual stories of soldiers into a

which explores important aspects

an overview of Army history and

larger historical framework for example:

of the Army by focusing on values

explores the importance of service

Founding The Nation (1607-1835) –

instilled in the American soldier. The

to one’s country.

Explores the origins and formation of

title comes from a speech given in

38

the Continental Army, its role in the

1888 by Joshua Chamberlain, who

Of Noble Deeds underscores seven

Revolutionary War, and the Army’s

earned a Medal of Honor at the

core values: Loyalty, Duty, Respect,

development as a professional

Battle of Gettysburg.

Selfless-Service, Honor, Integrity and

fighting force. g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Serving America’s Finest for 16 years with personal and financial needs.

CELEBRATING THE 245th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY “ARMY STRONG” FOR MORE INFORMATION ON OUR PROGRAMS AND IMPACT

PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE at www.OperationFirstResponse.org OR PLEASE CALL: 888-289-0280

“This is a home for our soldiers,” she said. “This is a gathering place… to bring their families, to bring their friends, and to be able to showcase where they served and what they did and be able to tell that story.”

- Tammy E Call, Director of the NMUSA

And that’s not all. NMUSA’s spokesperson explains: “The museum also offers a unique immersive learning space for young visitors,” Mantegna said. “The Experiential Learning Center helps students develop skills in geography, science, technology, engineering, and math (G-STEM).”

Mantegna noted that the exhibit known as the Growing Up Army Wall “will present first-person accounts of Army Families around the world,” adding that, a section known as Fort Discover, “offers a hand-on exploration space for small children.”

Preserving The Nation (1861-1890) – Gives

deterred potential attack, while on the other

Museum Director Tammy Call elaborated:

visitors an understanding of the Army’s

side of the world, the Army fought wars in

“Children will play with and learn about

part in the Civil War, America’s defining

Korea and Vietnam.

things such as radios, Jeeps, and rockets,”

event of the 19th century.

she said. “Inside, there will even be a Changing World (1990-Present) –

miniature military fort in which they can

Nation Overseas (1898-1918) – The

Chronicles one of the most dynamic and

play in and climb on.”

Army's first venture onto the world stage,

global periods in US Army history, from the

with operations in China, the Spanish-

fall of the Soviet Union through our nation’s

An exhibit for all ages is the Army Action

American War, and along the Mexican-

most current conflicts.

Center that uses cutting-edge technology,

American border.

virtual reality, motion platforms, and While history buffs will undoubtedly

other state-of-the-art systems to create a

Global War (1919-1945) – Portrays the

enjoy the depth and details revealed

memorable experience. In addition, there’s

Army’s involvement in the Allied victory

throughout the museum, designers

a museum store that serves as a one-stop

during World War II, with attention given

haven’t forgotten younger generations

shop for souvenirs, military gear, and

to the European and Pacific Theaters,

who’ve grown up with digital displays

personalized items. There is also a café

technology, the Army’s air war, and the

and high-tech electronics. For example,

that offers a variety of fresh and healthy

development of the A-bomb.

the Army Theater provides a full-sensory

meals to fit a range of tastes.

experience as fans blow, seats rumble and

40

Cold War (1945-1991) – American Soldiers

swivel, all of which is enhanced by thirty-

Not everything for visitors is inside the

manned a defensive line in Europe that

six speakers providing surround-sound.

museum. Its campus includes a variety g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

of outdoor elements.

as illustrate the history and significance of

“Going to war with a unit, risking your life

the medal itself, which was first authorized

with them, builds an intimate and intense

“Visitors can take in the natural beauty

in 1861. Since then, more than 3,400 have

relationship,” she said. “The soldiers don’t

of the surrounding landscape, or learn

been awarded.

all have to be men for that to happen.”

interactive Army trail,” said Mantegna,

While the bulk of exhibits and artifacts

Cornum’s experience exemplifies

the museum’s spokesperson. “The

spotlight events of obvious historical

America’s 21st Century Soldier. She

amphitheater serves as a focal point for

significance, the Army and Society

represents one of the many compelling

outdoor ceremonies and events. And the

Gallery helps bring attention to

stories of grit, tenacity, and fortitude that

parade ground provides ample space for

contributions not necessarily associated

echo through the museum.

demonstrations and re-enactments.”

with the military. For example, Brigadier

Army survivor tactics as they wander the

General Albert J. Myer was Chief of the

NMUSA stands as a testament that wars

The campus also features spaces where

Signal Corps in 1870 when Congress

are not fought in manicured meadows

people can reflect on the service of

authorized the Army to begin making

or on pristine streets; they are fought in

America’s soldiers. Another highlight,

“meteorological observations.” That

fields of mud and blood and brine; sand,

The Veterans’ Hall, will give visitors the

decision laid the groundwork for the

wind, and fire. With that in mind, the

opportunity to learn about the Army

Military Weather Service, which helped

National Museum of the United States

first-hand through conversations with

establish and advance the science

Army honors fourteen generations of

veteran soldiers.

of meteorology.

America’s soldiers who’ve served on such fields, while at the same time

Special recognition is reserved for

Still, the Army is primarily recognized as

preserving and protecting evidence of

recipients of the Medal of Honor, the

a premier fighting force ready to defend

the sacrifices they made and the battles

nation's highest medal for valor in combat

America. General George S. Patton, Jr., put

they fought.

that can be awarded to members of the

it this way: “I am a soldier, I fight where I

armed forces.

am told, and I win where I fight.”

The National Museum of the United States Army was to be open 364 days

For contemplative purposes, there is the

One such soldier: Major Rhonda L.

a year, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., and closed

Medal of Honor Garden, an outdoor area

Cornum, who was aboard a Sikorsky

December 25. Admission is free, though

reserved for reflection. The garden is

UH-60 Black Hawk searching for

tickets are required. There’s no charge for

divided into three sections, showcasing

a downed F-16 pilot in Iraq. The

parking. For more information, call 1 (800)

the three principles of a Medal of Honor

helicopter came under fire and was

506-2672, email info@thenmusa.org, or

recipient: Valor, Gallantry, and Intrepidity.

shot down. Five died. Cornum –

visit https://www.thenmusa.org.

wounded and pinned under wreckage

42

Meanwhile, the Medal Of Honor

– dug her way out, was captured, and

Experience is designed to inspire and

eventually repatriated. Afterwards

educate guests about the courage and

she became an advocate for lifting

selflessness of the soldiers who have

restrictions on what jobs women could

earned America’s highest honor as well

hold in the Army.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Note: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the opening and operating hours have been changed, please call or check their website for current information.

Moral Welfare

Defending, Supporting and Readying

By Arthur G. Sharp The US Army boasts that it “…is committed to the well-being of the community of people who serve and stand ready to defend the nation, to enhance the lives of Soldiers, their families, civilian employees, and military retirees.” As its motto says, “This We'll Defend.” One of the ways the Army accomplishes that mission is through its heralded Morale, Welfare, and Recreation (MWR) program, which serves active duty troops,

44

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

their families, retirees, and lately, honorably discharged veterans.

MWR has become one of the most valuable weapons in the Army’s arsenal. One of the first lessons a military officer learns is that a demoralized Army is unlikely to win many battles. That explains why the Army goes out of its way to make sure its personnel and their families have access to a wide array of MWR programs, including many new ones it creates as circumstances

and Recreation our Soldiers and their Families

A participant of the 7th Annual Rugged Terrain Obstacle Run low crawls through mud. Crawling through mud is one of as one of the 20 obstacles within the run 6 April 2019 in the Grafenwoehr Training Area. The Rugged Terrain Obstacle Run is a 16 kilometer event hosted by the Grafenwoehr Morale, Welfare and Recreation. Photo Credit: US Army photo by Sergeant Christopher Stewart.

dictate to adapt to changing times and take advantage of

a steady stream of on-line links, contests, videos and other

technological communications advances, e.g., social media.

resources, comprising online painting sessions, virtual yoga

MWR’s resiliency came to the fore in 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic struck worldwide. MWR programmers immediately developed a variety on-line programs and virtual alternatives to ease the boredom often afflicting military personnel and their families who were locked down at home. They offered

and meditation classes, Functional Fitness Boot Camp classes, Army Community Service programs, and School Liaison updates.

The online options were made available on the MWR home and Facebook pages.

The Army & Air Force Exchange Service (AAFES) jumped g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

45

in to provide a morale boost to Soldiers and military families by giving them access to Facebook interviews with show business stars and rising talent. AAFES personnel conducted interviews with celebrities and musical guests such as actors Mark Wahlberg and Max Martini, country singer Scooter Brown, country-rocker Cory Marks, Texas country-singer Travis Smith, and the rock band Islander.

Service members and families were given the opportunity to comment on the interviews during “Tune-In Tuesday,” “Tune-In Thursday” or “Chief Chat” and have their questions read live.

The celebrity chats turned out to be a big morale boost for participants. They demonstrated the adaptability of the Army’s

The Army took a few small steps to include families in its morale programs.

It created the Army Community Services (1965), a Youth Activities Program (1968), and Outdoor Recreation Program (1971). names in small and large ways. Wait a minute! The Army is 245 years old. Why the time lag?

MWR programs in improving the lives of service members and

The Army had been in existence for 120 years before it established

families in seemingly small ways. That is MWR’s mission, which

its first post exchange (PX) in 1895 to serve Soldiers. That replaced

it has been doing well for about 125 years now under different

the old “Post Trader” system. There was no central oversight g

Soldiers of 3rd Platoon, Charlie Company, 2nd Battalion, 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division purchase items from an Army and Air Force Exchange Service mobile post exchange store at a remote base in eastern Afghanistan near the Pakistan border. Photo Credit: US Army photo.

46

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

department. Post commanders were responsible for their

Family and Morale, Welfare and Recreation services within

on-site PXs and all proceeds were used solely for the Soldiers’

the Installation Management Command. Regardless of the

benefit. The Army quickly recognized the positive influence of

name and management changes, the innovative services

such services on its troops’ morale but continued to overlook

provided to active and retired Soldiers and their families

their families until 1981.

remain diverse and beneficial.

The establishment of the first PX evolved into a series of new

Programs administered worldwide by the US Army

programs. In 1903 Congress authorized the Army to build

Installation Management Command (IMCOM, G-9, Family

schools, libraries, recreation centers, and gyms for the troops.

and MWR), are available to active duty and retired members

More programs followed, including the establishment of the

on and off Army installations. On-base programs are based

Army Morale Division in 1918, the Motion Picture Service in

on the needs of authorized personnel who work and reside

1920, and the Library Service in 1923.

on them. The variety is amazing. They follow the progression

In 1941, with World War II on the horizon, the Army introduced “Special Services,” the new name for its Morale

services sandwiched between.

Division. Since then MWR has managed entertainment

MWR manages hundreds of great venues in desirable

activities, special events, and touring shows and

locations around the world for conferences, military families

performances for our Soldiers and family members around

hosting weddings, receptions, and other special events

the world. Then, in 1950, Special Services was placed under

or just plain relaxing. The facilities also offer world-class

the Army Adjutant General’s Office. Regardless of the name

catering, event planners, and staff who are attuned to the

changes, the programs were still run primarily for the troops.

military lifestyle.

The Army took a few small steps to include families in its

The list of venues, some with mystique-laden names that

morale programs. It created the Army Community Services

do not even hint at a military connection, reads like a Hall of

(1965), a Youth Activities Program (1968), and Outdoor

Fame list of five-star resorts. Among them are: Fort Belvoir,

Recreation Program (1971). It also provided schools and

VA, Officers Club, overlooking the Potomac River,

housing for the troops and their families. It wasn’t until

Fort Riley, KS, Catering and Conference Center, Dragon Hill

1981that the Army introduced its first significant family-

Lodge, Korea, Shades of Green, on Walt Disney World Resort

oriented programs, the Family Advocacy Program and the

in Orlando, Florida, Hale Koa Hotel, in exotic Hawaii, and

Army Family Symposium.

Edelweiss Lodge and Resort in the Bavarian Alps.

Those 1981 programs signaled a turning point in the

The last four on the list are full-service resort hotels run by the

Army’s philosophy about the role families play in its overall

Armed Forces Recreation Center (AFRC). They are joint g

success. Another major event took place in 1984, with the establishment of the Army Family Action Plan (AFAP). AFAP became the vehicle through which its new policy became a tangible program for Soldiers and their families to take an active role in improving their lives. That generated a series of programs aimed at improving the lives of all troops, unmarried and married, and families, which culminated in 2011, when the Family and MWR Command was deactivated in a ceremony at Fort Sam Houston and replaced by the Army

48

of life, from wedding sites to resort hotels, with plenty of

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Since 1948, 446 Soldiers have represented the United States at the Olympics, earning 111 medals in a variety of sports. WCAP continues that proud tradition and creates high morale among Soldiers and civilians.

Army MWR Provides ‘Fitness Anywhere’ Kits for Deployed Soldiers. Photo Credit: US Army photo by Tim Hipps.

service facilities that provide quality, wholesome, affordable,

First, it is important to note that the Army’s programs do not

family-oriented vacation recreation opportunities to service

operate in a vacuum. They have dual purposes: to bridge the gap

members, their families, and other authorized people. Services of

between the garrison and the local community and contribute

that type were unheard of until the end of the 19th century.

to the Army’s strength and readiness by offering services that

Perhaps the most important innovation is in the Army & Air Force Exchange Service program, known simply as the “Exchange,”

and their families.

which is the 62nd-largest retailer in the United States. Its service

One-way Soldiers can bridge the gap between garrison and

was extended on-line to honorably discharged veterans of all

community is through its unique BOSS program, which is

branches of the US armed forces who are not eligible to shop

designed to enhance the morale and welfare of single Soldiers,

at PXs. That allowed millions of veterans to take advantage of

increase retention, and sustain combat readiness. One

exclusive military pricing to shop online without paying sales taxes

component encourages Soldiers to volunteer for community

or shipping charges on purchases over forty-nine dollars.

projects and events. The key word is “voluntary.” Soldiers

The program generated $2.3 billion in dividends over ten years, all of which was earmarked to support military morale, welfare, and recreation programs. That assures the overall program will

50

reduce stress and build skills and self-confidence for Soldiers

have found this interaction with community to be personally rewarding. And it fosters goodwill between the Army and the people it serves. That is the goal of MWR programs in general.

continue to evolve positively and provide even more services to

Another program that encourages interactions between Soldiers

active and retired service members in the future. A quick overview

and civilians is the Army's World Class Athlete Program (WCAP),

of a variety of those services shows how diverse they are.

which allows top-ranked Soldier-athletes to perform g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

at the international level while remaining in the military. More

end sexual harassment and sexual assault within Army ranks.

importantly, it gives the Army important national visibility

As spokesmen emphasize, sexual harassment and sexual

and reinforces public pride in the country’s armed forces.

assault have no place in the Army. That is why it developed

Participants train and compete throughout the year with a goal

SHARP under the auspices of MWR to, among other things: to

of qualifying for the Olympic and Paralympic Games.

promote cultural change across the Army, with a vision toward

They hone their skills with elite civilian and military coaches at America’s best facilities. But military obligations must be met. The athletes stay current with Army requirements, attend military schools, and remain competitive with their uniformed counterparts. The outreach value of their activities is invaluable.

a culture of discipline and respect in which Soldiers intervene in sexual harassment and sexual assault to protect one another, offer a comprehensive effort to educate leaders and Soldiers about sexual harassment and sexual assault. To also provide commanders with the essential resources, education, and training they need to succeed in bringing an end to sexual

The Soldiers hold clinics, speak to high school and college

harassment and sexual assault in the Army. Significantly,

audiences, talk with athletic teams, and make appearances in

SHARP permeates the Army structure from the Pentagon down

support of Army recruiting stations. Since 1948, 446 Soldiers

to the individual Soldier level.

have represented the United States at the Olympics, earning 111 medals in a variety of sports. WCAP continues that proud tradition and creates high morale among Soldiers and civilians.

The programs administered today by MWR deviate sharply from those offered by the Army 125 years ago. Today the programs focus on all Soldiers and their families from enlistment to

Of course, the number of top-ranked Soldier-athletes is limited.

discharge, retirement, and beyond to make their lives easier

But other troops and their families have programs they can

as they continue the proud tradition of the United States Army.

access, ranging from access to libraries and arts and crafts

MWR is a valuable part of that history.

centers to camping, “Warrior Adventures,” and equestrian services. They can take advantage of catering and dining services that provide foods in casual restaurants or prepare banquets for hundreds of guests, all at good prices. There are also lifestyle services galore.

MWR has developed an increasing number of programs that affect Soldiers’ lives in a variety of ways as they adapt to changes in the cross-over social and military worlds. There is no doubt that MWR will continue that mission in the future as well as it has in the past with copious amounts of innovation

MWR addresses every aspect of Soldiers’ and family members’

and resiliency. That has been its modus operandi since the post

lives imaginable. It provides an assortment of Army Community

traders closed their doors back in the late 1800s. There is no

Service professionals to facilitate quality of life programs that

reason to believe MWR will shut its doors anytime soon.

include mobilization and deployment, financial and relocation readiness, survivor outreach, family advocacy and the list goes on.

For more information on the Army MWR program access https://www.Armymwr.com/programs-and-services/personalassistance. The website provides an in-depth look at the

The programs cover anything from domestic and child abuse

variety of services offered and links to up-to-date news about its

to helping wounded, ill, and injured Soldiers find tailored,

recent activities.

compassionate, and coordinated services to assist them in transitioning either back to service or into civilian life. One of the more forward-looking services is SHARP, the Sexual

AUTHOR’S BIO

Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention Program.

Arthur G. Sharp is the author of 9 books and 2,500 articles on a variety

SHARP highlights the Army’s commitment to addressing significant social issues. It is an integrated, proactive effort to

52

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

of topics. He edits several military association magazines. Sharp earned his honorable discharge from the United States Marine Corps after serving four years. He holds B.A. and M.A. degrees in history.

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245

YEARS OF SURVIVAL, ADAPTATION & TENACITY Yet They Serve

By Arthur G. Sharp The history of the United States Army has been one of survival and adaptation. Many times, in its 245-year existence its very survival has been threatened by reorganizations,

54

strengthened its image around the world as an elite military unit. That is a testimony to the succession of superb leaders who have guided it through good and bad times and turned it into the efficient fighting unit it is today.

lacks of funding, reduced numbers, and other exigencies.

The Army was formed out of necessity on 14 June 1775.

Yet, it has characteristically emerged from such threats

The Continental Congress needed a corps of professional

stronger, more resilient, and better prepared to take on a

soldiers to combat British regulars and their allies as the

variety of combat and humanitarian missions that have

American colonists fought for their independence. The

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

founders were astute enough to realize that a loosely organized

convention in Philadelphia, where representatives from the

militia without cohesive leadership could not win such a war

thirteen states convened to ratify a proposed Bill of Rights to the

alone. Optimistically they recruited members for one-year terms.

US Constitution.

The war lasted seven years.

James Madison broached the subject in his Federalist Paper #46.

After the war ended in 1783, some Americans wondered if the

He did not question the need for a standing Army. He was more

country needed a standing Army and, if so, how large it should

concerned with the size. Numbers vs. need became an ongoing

be. After all, the immediate threat was over. The issue was on the

debate in Army circles as the country grew and prospered,

table, although not in any great detail, at the 1787 constitutional

especially as each war ended. g

Photo Credit US Army

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

55

There was some fear among Americans in the Army’s early days that it could be used against them by a strong federal government. That fear accounted for the adoption of the second amendment to the constitution: “A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.” Thus, the country had a militia and an Army. The Army had a much broader responsibility, since its charge was to protect the country at home and abroad. The opportunities to pursue both missions abounded as the United States matured.

The ink from Madison’s pen had hardly dried before the wisdom of his advice regarding a standing Army became apparent. One critical element was missing from its mission: the need for training.

The lack of training showed as the Army engaged in its first significant post-Revolutionary War conflict, the Northwest Indian War (1785-1796).

The Army, composed of poorly trained and largely undisciplined regular troops and militiamen, fared poorly in the early years of the war, incurring approximately 1,900 casualties during a series of embarrassing defeats. That turned out to be a blessing in disguise. Lesson learned. Leaders began to focus on training. By the turn of the 19th century the country had an Army it could be proud of, and was.

The 19th century was an active period for the Army.

Its soldiers engaged in conflicts large and small: The War of 1812, where they made history at the Battle of New Orleans, the Mexican-American War (1846-48), the American Civil War (1861-1865), the Indian campaigns of the late 1800s, and finally the 1898 Spanish-American War. One of the hallmarks in Army history happened in 1866 after Congress passed the Army Organization Act. It created units comprising large numbers of African-American soldiers who served mainly on the western frontier. Their primary assignments included controlling the Native Americans, g

56

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

1775 1886

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Tuskegee Airmen

capturing cattle rustlers and thieves, and protecting settlers,

Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901). These proved to be warm-ups for

stagecoaches, wagon trains and railroad crews. They set a pattern

what was to come.

of outstanding African-American service in the Army that has endured to the present, e.g., with the 9th and 10th Cavalry and 24th and 25th Infantry Regiments in the Spanish-American War and the Tuskegee Airmen of WWII fame.

Most of the soldiers were cavalry or infantry. But society was advancing technologically. The Army had to keep pace. In 1911, it assigned its first pilots to aeronautical duty with the Signal Corps.

The almost constant campaigning in the late 1800s enabled

That marked a major step forward in Army history, especially as its

the Army to build a solid corps of seasoned regular soldiers and

next war was only seven years away and air combat would become

officers that augured well for future operations. But it endured

a reality. The army would need far more than 66,385 soldiers then.

obstacles along the way, such as reorganizations in 1878 and 1898 that impacted its numbers and funding.

58

In 1907, the Army was operating at a maximum strength of 66,385.

To raise the needed troops the US introduced a military draft. The Army’s historic focus on training dating back to 1800 paid off. In

Meanwhile, wars continued all over the globe that required

early 1918, there were 85,000 US troops in France, most of them

the Army’s participation. The United States was extending its

provided by the Army. The deployment was inhibited by delays

influence across the world as the 20th century began. That put

and confusion at the onset. By September that year, there were

additional stress on the Army’s resources. Then, as now, one war

1,200,000 there under the command of another Army legend,

followed another or occurred simultaneously. The century began

General John J. (Black Jack) Pershing. The Army had demonstrated

with the Philippine Insurrection (1899-1902) and the concomitant

a proficiency in raising, training, and deploying large numbers g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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of troops in a short time, which would prove helpful during

Army Nurses served around the world. Over 1,000 women flew

World War II.

aircraft for the Women's Airforce Service Pilots. Overall, 140,000

Moreover, the Army saw the first significant complement of women in its ranks. Over 35,000 of them served in the military

during the war.

during WWI. There would be even more in the next war. First the

Soldiers set new records for bravery between 1941 and 1945.

Army had to deal with the inevitable post-war reorganization.

They fought valiantly at places like Anzio, Bataan, Normandy

On 4 June 1920, the government announced a new plan that made enlistment voluntary, merged the regular Army, National Guard reserve into one force, and provided for a 2,000,000-member Army that could be mobilized in sixty days and take the field without the confusion and delays that had prevailed in 1918. That 2,000,000 was only a quarter of what the Army needed in WWII. At its height, the Army had 8,267,958 soldiers in its ranks in 1945.

60

women served in the US Army and the Women's Army Corps

(D-Day) and the Battle of the Bulge. A resounding 464 Medals of Honor were awarded to US Army members, second only to the 1,522 awarded to soldiers during the American Civil War, when the criteria for authorization were less stringent. (A close third was the 426 awarded during the longer and more fragmented

Once again women stepped in to help. They worked in military

Indian Wars.) Names like

intelligence, cryptography, parachute rigging, maintenance

Eisenhower, Patton, and

and supply, and other areas of specialty. More than 60,000

MacArthur added to g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

1945 1950

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1965 the Army’s lore. But the army couldn’t rest on its considerable

efficiently. Sadly, they were thrown into the breach from late June

laurels. There was another war and reorganization coming.

to September 1950. The troops did their best, but they were no

In April 1949, US Army Secretary Kenneth C. Royall told a crowd in Chicago that the United States now has “the best Army in US history, peace or war, barring none.” That claim would be tested a little over a year later when North Korean troops invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950. Not surprisingly, a reorganization after WWII ended had depleted the Army’s ranks and most of the troops in the Far East were ill-prepared for a war.

62

match for the combat-experienced North Korean troops. That changed quickly after General MacArthur devised a brilliant amphibious landing at Inchon on September 1950.

The operation placed US troops behind the North Koreans and shut off their supply lines and escape routes. Thousands of welltrained Army units arrived in Korea and turned the tide of the war – until the Chinese entered it in October 1950. After that, combat resembled the trench warfare of WWI, but Army troops held their

Those in Japan in particular lacked combat training and were

own until 27 July 1953 when a cease fire was signed. That did not

too used to occupation duties to jump into a war quickly and

end the belligerence between the two sides. g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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The Army has used the wars as an opportunity to develop and employ new technologies that have revolutionized modern warfare.

The Army has had troops stationed at the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the two Koreas since 1953, many of whom have

2020

been killed or wounded. That shows that Army troops are just as much in danger during peace as they are in war. Yet, they serve.

The Korean War had provided Army troops with one more chance to show their resiliency, and make history. It marked the first time black and white Army units had fought side by side since President Truman’s 1948 Executive Order mandating integration in the armed forces. That was a major step forward for the Army, one that would pay major dividends in its future recruiting efforts. And, they had stopped the spread of communism, temporarily at least, until they were ordered to Vietnam in 1965.

The Army’s build-up in Vietnam was gradual. It began with 20,000 support troops in early 1965 whose assignment was to build a supply network. Then, a rapidly developing new technology and tactical innovation began: airmobile operations. Generals such as William C. Westmoreland and Creighton W. Abrams became

troops participated, e.g., the Cambodian Civil War, the invasion of Grenada, and the Dominican Civil War. Starting in 1990, there was a parade of larger-scale conflicts that commanded the Army’s participation and tested its resources. Those conflicts have continued into today.

They began with the 1990-91 Gulf War, (aka Desert Storm), which was followed by the first, and ongoing, US intervention in the Somali Civil War. Then came the Bosnian War (1992-1995), the Kosovo War (1998-1999), and the all-encompassing War on Terror, including the War in Afghanistan. The period between 1990 and today has been the most trying time in US Army history, since it has strained the service’s resources and taxed its personnel. But it

household names back home.

has been a period of opportunity as well.

The Army’s first airmobile unit, the 1st Cavalry, was deployed to the

The Army has used the wars as an opportunity to develop and

rugged Central Highland to confront and defeat North Vietnamese regulars at the Battle of the Ia Drang. Soon there was a flood of Army combat units “in country.” There were 240,000 troops there

employ new technologies that have revolutionized modern warfare. The array of new battlefield weapons has made the battlefield safer for warfighters and reduced their stress. More

by the early part of 1966, and the numbers kept growing.

important, it has resulted in fewer casualties and improved

Soldiers participated in numerous battles as the war progressed,

better trained, more efficient Army. That has been Army leaders’

particularly during the Tet Offensive in early 1968, when the 1st Cavalry and 101st Airborne Divisions helped defeat the North Vietnamese at Hue. The nature of the war changed after that. The US focused more on peace negotiations than military operations.

By the end of March 1973, the Army had withdrawn all its troops from Vietnam, but further adventures awaited.

64

There was a series of localized military operations in which Army

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

soldiers’ morale. Each new technological advancement creates a goal for 245 years, and will continue to be for the next 245. Based on the Army’s history, that goal will be met, and surpassed.

AUTHOR’S BIO: Arthur G. Sharp is the author of 9 books and 2,500 articles on a variety of topics. He edits several military association magazines.

Sharp earned his honorable discharge from the United States Marine Corps after serving four years. He holds B.A. and M.A. degrees in history.

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EXPLORING MILITARY-FRIENDLY EDUCATION TOP 5 QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A UNIVERSITY Whether you served or are currently serving in the military, finding the right college or university comes with a unique set of challenges for active-duty servicemembers and veterans.

For some, military training leads into a related career in the private sector, while others may develop new skills and forge a new path in a new field. Some servicemembers may even choose to further their military careers and advance through the ranks.

As you explore your options and begin making your decisions, you may be wondering which factors are the most important to consider. Here are just a few questions to think about while conducting your college search: IS THE COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY MILITARY FRIENDLY? Look for a school with dedicated military student support services and military advisors who will help you understand your options. This could be anything from help with VA benefits to personalized assistance with the transition to civilian life.

National University offers military enrollment advisors, academic advisors, and a Veteran Center with services in person and online, as well as connections to career counseling.

CAN I USE MY VA BENEFITS OR GET TUITION DISCOUNTS? Choose an institution that accepts the Post 9/11 GI Bill®* and allows veteran and active-duty students pay virtually no out-of-pocket costs for their education.

National University is a Yellow Ribbon school, covering tuition in instances where the VA cap is exceeded. The active-duty military tuition rate is also available to active duty spouses and dependents.

WHAT PROGRAMS DOES THE SCHOOL OFFER? When choosing a school, looking for career-relevant degree programs can help you boost your marketability and earning potential in your field, whether in or outside of the military.

Make sure that the college you consider is regionally accredited and offers a wide range of curriculum and degree levels so that you can weigh all your options.

“Having an organization understand the constraints associated with military life is crucial for success.”

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National University offers 75+ degree programs and is accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission ARE THERE FLEXIBLE WAYS TO LEARN? Flexibility can be a game changer for military students.

Look for a university that offers the option of taking classes online or on campus.

In addition to on campus and online offerings, National University also has classes on military bases.

HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO COMPLETE ONE CLASS? A military-friendly college will understand the constraints of military life. While many colleges adhere to a traditional semester or quarter system, some offer accelerated timelines that allow for easier scheduling around your obligations, such as relocation or deployment. You may also want to seek out an institution that offers transfer-friendly programs.

National University’s unique 4-week course format lets you start classes sooner and finish faster. We are also proud to offer course credit for military training, including DANTES tests.

At National University, we’re dedicated to helping active-duty and veteran students achieve their educational and career goals.

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Command

Any Classroom

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Education Benefits If you’re planning on attending college, the Army can help you on your way. You can earn up to full tuition through scholarships and dozens of financial aid programs. Learn about the GI Bill, loan repayment programs and more.

Want to experience life on an actual Army base? Take the goarmy.com virtual tour, which will give you a first-person view of the locations you will visit every day as a Soldier on post.

Using the GI Bill The GI Bill is one of the most powerful benefits available to Army Soldiers interested in attending a four-year college, trade school, or technical school. In most cases, Soldiers using the GI Bill receive full tuition for their military service.

All photos by US Army.

On this page, we’ll walk you through the basics of GI Bill benefits, how you’ll qualify, and how much tuition funding you can receive.

Earning up to Full College Tuition with the Post 9/11 GI Bill The Post 9/11 GI Bill, usually just referred to as the GI Bill, provides up to full tuition for veterans and current active duty Soldiers who have served at least 90 days on active duty after September 10, 2001.

The GI Bill also provides allowances for housing and text books in varying amounts based on how long you have served.

How Does it Work? What Are the Qualifications of the GI Bill?

In order to receive any education benefits, you must have served at least 90 days in the Army on active duty. The tuition money

you are eligible to receive through the GI Bill increases the longer you serve. For example, Army veterans who have served at least two years can attend most statefunded universities 100 percent tuition free.

Other Types of Training In addition to college and university tuition, GI Bill benefits may also be applied to: Online schooling and correspondence courses; Part-time schooling; Entrepreneurship training for those interested in starting a small business; Flight School; Licensing and certification courses; Vocational training and trade schools; National testing; On the job training; Tutorial assistance.

Receiving GI Bill Benefits With the GI Bill, you can begin earning benefits almost as soon as you enter the g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

69

Army. After 36 months of service, you will be eligible to receive full tuition for state schools and more than $23,000 in yearly tuition for private universities.

Financial Aid Programs In addition to the benefits you’ll receive under the GI Bill, you will also have access to various scholarships and financial aid programs that will help you reduce the cost of your education.

Many of the benefits listed below apply to Soldiers serving on active duty, as well as those in the Army Reserve and Army National Guard. Read each individual benefit to make sure it applies to your service category. Remember, you can also ask a recruiter for more information.

Summary of Benefits The Federal Perkins Loan Cancellation program allows you to cancel your current student loan debt if you have served on active duty in a combat situation.

The Student Loan Repayment Program (LRP) will repay part of your current student loans.

The Concurrent Admissions Program (ConAP) helps regular Army and Army Reserve Soldiers transition to college after military service. It also allows you to earn college credit towards your degree while you serve in the Army or Army Reserve.

The Military Spouse Education and Career Opportunities (SECO) program will allow your spouse access to tuition funding, free career counseling services, and employment readiness tools that he or she can use to get an education.

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

With the Tuition Assistance program, the Army will pay $250 per semester hour of college credit.

The Minuteman Scholarship allows high school and college students to receive full tuition or $10,000 in room and board in return for a service commitment.

Tuition Assistance Under the Tuition Assistance program, the Army will pay all or a portion of your college tuition during off-duty periods. Benefits include up to $250 per semester hour and up to 16 semester hours per fiscal year, and the Army will pay up to 100 percent of tuition. This program applies to Soldiers serving active duty, Army Reserve, or Army National Guard regardless of service status.

US Army Reserve Minuteman Scholarship The Minuteman Scholarship allows high school and college students interested in joining the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) to receive full tuition or $10,000 in room and board in return for a service commitment. This scholarship covers full (uncapped) tuition and fees or $10,000 for room and board in return for a service commitment. Scholarship recipients may also be eligible for a yearly book allowance of up to $1,200 and a monthly $300-$500 living stipend.

As part of Simultaneous Membership Program, Minuteman Scholarship recipients will earn a salary from their Army Reserve unit.

Earn Your Degree Through ROTC If you are interested in joining the Army as an officer and you do not already have a

college degree, then the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) is for you.

ROTC is a scholarship program that allows you to complete all of the requirements of Army officer training while attending college. In return for a service commitment after you graduate, the Army will pay for your college tuition, books and other expenses.

ROTC programs are available at more than 1,100 colleges and universities across the United States. You can join the ROTC after graduating high school, or at any point during your first two years of college.

Post-Graduate Scholarships The Army offers graduate-level scholarships in law, medicine and the seminary.

Army Medicine Scholarships The US Army health care team will pay 100 percent of your tuition for a graduate-level health care degree for any accredited medical, dental, veterinary, psychology or optometry program in the United States or Puerto Rico through the Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP).

Funded Legal Education Program (FLEP) The Funded Legal Education Program (FLEP) authorizes the selection of 25 Active Duty Army Officers each year to obtain a legal education. Scholarships are awarded on merit to Officers ranking from Lieutenant to Captain. Selection criteria varies.

Courtesy of the US Army. GoArmy.com

Congratulations The City College of New York celebrates the inauguration of The National Museum of the United States Army and celebrates with 2020 honoree, and City College graduate, General Colin L. Powell, USA (Ret.).

+

INNOVATIVE TECH CUTTING-EDGESCIENCE

= LAND POWE

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ARMY 245: Call to Duty

T

his year has had its share of science and technology

The Army of the future may use these wearable sensors to monitor

advances from Army researchers. The US Army Combat

environmental biothreats and health diagnostics, all with great

Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Army Research

benefits to the Soldier.

Laboratory, the Army's corporate research laboratory, has the mission to discover, innovate and transition science and technology

A WATER-BASED, FIRE-PROOF BATTERY

to ensure dominant strategic land power.

Army researchers and their partners at the University of Maryland

The lab's chief scientist, Dr. Alexander Kott, picked the coolest

new, water-based, and fire-proof battery.

advances to showcase what Army scientists and engineers are doing to support the Soldier of the future with a look at the 10 most wanted advancements in technology.

ER

ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES MADE FROM PLASTIC Future Army robots will be the strongest in the world if visionary researchers have their way. Robots could be armed with artificial muscles made from plastic.

Army researchers collaborated with a visiting professor from Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering to study how plastic fibers respond when they are twisted and coiled into a spring. Different stimuli cause the spring to contract and expand, mimicking natural muscles.

The team's expertise in polymer science and chemical engineering helped to identify optimal material property values to achieve the desired artificial muscle performance targets and helped develop and implement techniques to measure those material properties.

Artificial muscles could potentially augment robot performance, allowing our future mechanical partners to buff up, and pump more iron.

MONITORING SOLDIER HEALTH AND PERFORMANCE WITH BIORECOGNITION RECEPTORS Army and academic researchers are looking at how to monitor Soldier health and performance in real-time, by developing unique biorecognition receptors. These future bioreceptors are small, simple to produce, inexpensive, and robust to

and Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory have developed a

"Our project addresses the risk by allowing high-energy or highpower batteries to be put on the Soldier with no risk of the batteries catching on fire," said Dr. Arthur von Wald Cresce, an Army materials engineer. "We're hoping that by designing safety into the battery, this concern goes away, and Soldiers can use their batteries as they please."

These aqueous lithium-ion batteries replace the highly flammable electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries, using a nonflammable, waterbased solvent and also using a lithium salt that is not heat-sensitive, allowing for batteries to be stored and used at a much broader range of temperatures.

Cresce and the team first collaborated with scientists at the University of Maryland to study the properties of a new class of aqueous electrolytes known as water-in-salt electrolytes and published their findings in the journal Science.

GENERATING POWER ON-DEMAND WITH HYDROGEN Imagine if you could generate power on-demand, using just a tablet and some water.

Army researchers are exploring potential applications for a structurally stable, aluminum-based nanogalvonic alloy that reacts with any water-based liquid to produce on-demand hydrogengenerating power without a catalyst.

"Imagine a squad of future Soldiers on a long-range patrol far from base with dead batteries and a desperate need to fire up their radio,"

environmental stresses.

said Dr. Kris Darling, Army materials scientist. "One of the Soldiers

Once integrated into wearable biosensors, data can be selectively

water or some fluid that contains water such as urine, immediately

captured from a complex mixture of sources in theater, like blood, sweat or saliva.

"The Army will need to be more adaptive, more expeditionary and have a near-zero logistic demand while optimizing individual to squad execution in multifaceted operational environments," said Dr. Matt Coppock, chemist, and team lead. "It can be envisioned that real-time health and performance monitoring, as well as sensing

reaches for a metal tablet and drops it into a container and adds the tablet dissolves and hydrogen is released into a fuel cell, providing instant power for the radio."

3-D PRINTING ULTRA-STRONG STEEL A team of Army researchers have developed a way to 3-D print ultrastrong metal parts, by adapting an alloy originally developed by the Air Force into powder form.

current and emerging environmental threats, could be a key set of

With a method called Powder Bed Fusion, a 3-D printer's laser

tools to make this possible."

selectively melts the powder into a pattern. The printer then g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

75

coats the build plate with additional layers of powder until the

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO IDENTIFY

part is complete.

FUEL-EFFICIENT MATERIALS

The result is a piece of steel that feels like it was forged traditionally but has intricate design features that no mold

challenges beyond human experimental capabilities.

could create and is about 50% stronger than anything

Building on amazing successes in artificial intelligence, which

commercially available.

can even win a game like Jeopardy, Army funded researchers at

"I think it's going to really revolutionize logistics," said Dr. Brandon McWilliams, an Army team lead. "Additive manufacturing is going to have a huge impact on sustainment… instead of worrying about carrying a whole truckload, or convoys loads of spares, as long as you have raw materials and a printer, you can potentially make anything you need."

Researchers say this capability has the potential to replace parts of today's tanks, or support future, state-of-the-art systems.

HUMAN INTEREST DETECTOR Have you ever wanted to get inside a Soldier's head? Army researchers have developed a human-interest detector that can determine where people are looking and decode their brain activity. By monitoring brainwaves, researchers track neural responses and assess what captures a Soldier's attention among a myriad of stimuli in threat environments.

Researchers say this will lead to better situational awareness on the battlefield, enable commanders to make better decisions and ultimately improve the ability of the Soldier to team with future AI agents.

76

A new system of algorithmic bots could tackle the most complex

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Cornell University developed a system called CRYSTAL to explore new materials for long-lasting power for Soldiers. CRYSTAL relies on a collective of algorithmic bots that sift through hundreds of thousands of combinations and elements, a number so vast that it is inaccessible through traditional experimentation.

The system can obey the laws of physics and chemistry, where existing machine learning approaches fail and could identify the next generation of material breakthroughs that will equip Soldiers on the future battlefield.

"The exciting part about basic science research is you can't always predict where the results will lead," said Dr. Purush Iyer, division chief, network sciences at Army Research Office.

"We funded this research to better understand collective intelligence (wisdom of crowds). While material science application, such as design of novel alloys, were always on the cards, the serendipitous nature of the eventual outcome, that of a catalyst to aid in designing better fuel cells, is solving a problem of immense importance for the Army--battery power in the field--shows the importance of investing in basic research." g

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ROBOTIC ARRAYS FOR DIRECTIONAL COMMUNICATION

healing at room temperature without any additional stimulus or

An Army team has developed a new way to send directional radio

healing agent. The unique chemistry of the material even enables

signals in physically complex environments. The team designed

it to be programmed to morph shape when stimulated with

small robotic platforms with compact, low frequency antennas

temperature.

and AI to create a system which adaptively self-organizes into a directional antenna array.

Although multi-directional radiation is not possible in low-frequency, this array is configured to emit an omni-directional radiation pattern, creating a directional link on-demand.

create reconfigurable Army platforms of the future that could morph shapes on-demand.

SOLDIER-ROBOT TEAMS How do you train a robot how to think in unknown scenarios

A robot with a compact, low-frequency antenna coordinates with

when you don't know what the future battlefield will look like,

other robotic teammates having passive unpowered antennas

and you have no control to modify the environment to meet the

which help focus the electromagnetic field in a desired direction.

robot's abilities?

Add more robots and the array becomes more focused and has increased range and reliability.

Army researchers have been developing new algorithms and capabilities that are unseen in industry enabling autonomous

This enables robust and targeted wireless communication at

agents such as robots to operate in these unknown environments

increased ranges through buildings, and in challenging urban and

such as future battlefields.

subterranean environments.

These algorithms are creating the brain of robots, to equip them

SELF-HEALING MATERIAL

to interact with unforeseen objects and in unknown scenarios,

Imagine a synthetic material that could heal itself when damaged.

ultimately preparing them to partner with Soldiers on the future

Army researchers and their partners at Texas A&M have developed a reversible cross-linking epoxy that is 3-D-printable and is self-

78

Army researchers are exploring whether these materials could

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

battlefield, whatever it might look like.

Article Courtesy of US Army CCDC Army Research Laboratory Public Affairs. army.mil.

Advance Sensor Technology

21st Century Domination on the Battlefield

80

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

NIGHT VISION AND ELECTRONIC

NVESD EXPLOITS SENSOR AND

from enemy intrusion; C5ISR Center

SENSORS DIRECTORATE (NVESD)

SENSOR SUITE TECHNOLOGIES TO:

NVESD leverages its explosive hazard

C5ISR (Command, Control, Computers,

See, acquire, and target opposing forces,

expertise in support of the critical US

Communications, Cyber, Intelligence,

day or night, under adverse battlefield

Humanitarian Demining Research and

Surveillance and Reconnaissance)

environments; Deny the enemy the same

Development Program.

Center's Night Vision and Electronic

capabilities through electro-optic means

Sensors Directorate, located at Fort

and/or camouflage, concealment and

INTELLIGENCE, SURVEILLANCE,

Belvoir, VA, is "The Army's Sensor

deception; Provide capabilities for night

RECONNAISSANCE & TARGETING

Developer," conducting research and

driving and pilotage; Detect, neutralize,

NVESD delivers Intelligence,

development that provides US

clear and mark explosive hazards

Surveillance, Reconnaissance and

Soldiers with advanced sensor

including minefields and unexploded

Targeting (ISR&T) technologies that

technology to dominate the 21st

ordnance; Protect forward troops,

provide actionable information that

century digital battlefield.

fixed installations and rear echelons

enables Soldiers to be aware of their g

Sabari Grasses As seen through a night-vision device, US Army soldiers move through grasses to an overwatch position in Sabari, Khowst Province, Afghanistan. Photo Credit: US Army photo by Sergeant Jeffrey Alexander.

Night Lights As seen through a night-vision device, US Army soldiers prepare for a training mission as part of exercise Emerald Warrior near Fort Walton Beach, Florida. US Special Operations Command personnel are conducting the 19-day training exercise, which provides troops with an opportunity to participate in realistic urban-warfare training scenarios at multiple sites along Florida’s Gulf Coast. Photo Credit: US Air Force photo by Staff Sergeant Clay Lancaster.

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81

surroundings and to perform their duties more safely and with increased effectiveness. This operational insight provides tactical and strategic alternatives for mission success and mitigates the risk of surprise attacks.

INTELLIGENCE AND SURVEILLANCE NVESD delivers tactical, ground-based persistent surveillance, perimeter defense, and airborne persistent surveillance technologies to enable increased Soldier situational awareness, provide strategic alternatives and operational overmatch.

RECONNAISSANCE AND TARGETING ACQUISITION NVESD researches, develops, tests and evaluates electro-optic/ infrared (EO/IR) sensor technologies for airborne and groundbased reconnaissance and targeting under all battlefield conditions. NVESD also expands tactical use of laser designators and markers for precision engagement, day or night, while maintaining the capability to maneuver.

SOLDIER SENSORS NVESD researches, develops, tests and evaluates sensors, algorithms, processing techniques and lasers to enable

Night Vision Sergeant Christopher Jeffery, a UH-60M Black Hawk helicopter crew chief assigned to 1st Battalion “Attack”, 10th Combat Aviation Brigade, adjusts an ammunition can for an M-240H machine prior to a personnel movement mission, at Forward Operating Base Fenty, in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan. Photo Credit: US Army photo.

increased Soldier situational awareness, mobility, target acquisition and target handoff.

COUNTER-IED AND MINE-FIELD DETECTION AND DEFEAT NVESD investigates, designs, and matures handheld, vehicle mounted, and airborne detection and neutralization technologies to improve countermine/counter-IED capabilities enabling assured mobility and increased survivability.

Night Vision Training US Army Soldiers assigned to Viper Company, 1-26 Infantry, 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), with the East Africa Response Force (EARF), prepare for night vision training at Grand Bara, Djibouti. Photo Credit: US Air Force photo

by Staff Sergeant Amy Picard.

82

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Arming the Army with the Force of Foresight through

AVIATION

O

ver the previous five fiscal years, Army Aviation has experienced roughly 40 percent of its Class A mishaps during the fourth quarter. In numbers, that’s 21 of 53 Class A mishaps during that timeframe, nearly double the total of any other quarter. Plotted on a bar graph, the fourth quarter looks like the Himalayas of mishaps as compared to the remaining quarters. This fact should immediately garner the attention of every member of the Army Aviation team. However, arming the force with foresight of the hazards associated with this time period and employing effective leadership and mitigation measures can reverse this trend.

COMPLEX HAZARDS The fourth quarter represents a complex convergence of numerous factors that, individually or aggregated, if not mitigated create an increased risk to operations. The key to reducing risk during this timeframe is to ensure units adequately plan and train for associated complexities such as high operations tempo, fluctuations in combat power and leadership with the summer manning cycle, and a significant change in the operational environment and weather.

Although Army Aviation historically flies the most hours in the third quarter, the fourth is a close second. When coupled with significant

Soldiers assigned to the Utah National Guard's 1st Battalion, 211th Aviation Regiment, depart Army Aviation Support Facility in West Jordan, Utah.

The battalion, comprised of three companies of AH-64 Apache helicopters and more than 300 soldiers, will provide combat air support to ground forces during the year-long deployment. Photo Credit: US National Guard Ileen Kennedy.

84

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

turbulence in leadership and combat power, as well as increased heat, dust and prolonged day/night operations, this time period is ripe with overlapping hazards. Armed with this knowledge, it is vital commands confirm their leaders and aircrews are cognizant of these complexities and employ sound planning and mitigation measures to reverse the mishap trend.

EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP Aviation operations – including the tough, realistic training required to support large-scale combat operations – are inherently dangerous. DA PAM 385-30 states, “Managing risks related to such operations requires educated judgment, situational knowledge, demonstrated experience and professional competence.” In essence, effective leader knowledge, presence and engagement leading up to and throughout the fourth quarter will reduce risk.

We must ensure we thoroughly train our leaders for the missions they are tasked with, position the right leaders with the proper experience and judgment at critical points throughout the depth of the operation, and set expectations while empowering our leaders to make appropriate risk decisions to protect the force and mission.

Doing so will ensure appropriate oversight is in place to mitigate fourth-quarter trends.

ADDITIONAL MITIGATION MEASURES Although identifying hazards and effective leadership are crucial, there are additional mitigation measures commands must consider during the fourth quarter. Managing transitions, especially given the current environment, will be complicated. However, proactive planning for transitions, seeking to rebuild habitual relationships and maintaining a running estimate of combat power based on personnel turbulence will provide senior leaders a realistic assessment of capabilities. Furthermore, instituting deliberate mission briefings and rehearsals, tied with an incremental training strategy to allow aircrews to establish (or re-establish) proficiency in the mission and environment, will pay significant dividends to the force. Finally, whether units see a significant transition in personnel or retain their combat power, the substantial change in the environment will make no mission “routine.” Maximizing unit ASOs, enforcing SOPs and having the

right mitigation measures in place prior to and during the fourth quarter will help ensure mission success.

WINNING THE FOURTH QUARTER The Army is a learning organization, and having foresight of the hazards associated with fourth-quarter operations, along with effective leadership and controls, will allow our formations to proactively plan for and mitigate risks. Turbulence during this timeframe happens every year and is forthcoming in FY20. However, as the US Army Combat Readiness Center (USACRC) commander states, “Collective critical thinking, discussion and sharing of best practices within our communities will allow us to reverse this trend.” One of my former Army football coaches preached that “we must win the fourth quarter.” How profound that those words still apply today in Army Aviation. Winning matters, especially in the fourth quarter!

Article Courtesy of Colonel Jason Miller, Deputy Commander US Army Combat Readiness Center

Virginia National Guard soldiers assigned to the Sandston-based 2nd Battalion, 224th Aviation Regiment conduct air assault operations with US Army Special Forces troops assigned to Company A, 1st Battalion, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne) at Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. The use of Virginia Guard aviation assets added realism to the training conducted by the Special Forces soldiers. Photo Credit: Staff Sergeant Terra C. Gatti, Virginia Guard Public Affairs.

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BOOTS ON THE GROUND RECENTLY AWARDED MEDAL OF

said he would rather have the Medal

HONOR RECIPIENTS FOR THE ARMY

of Honor than be president of the

of Honor (MOH) is the most prestigious and highest ranked US military award bestowed for bravery on the battlefield.

It is also the hardest to earn. There have been only 3,525 MOHs awarded since its establishment. Sadly, 624 of them have been awarded posthumously. The number of awards pales in comparison to the plethora of stories that compose the medal’s glorious history.

The Medal of Honor dates to 1861. The Army and Navy needed a medal for bravery for US Warfighters during the American Civil War. Traditionally, awards for

US Army Photo by Sergeant Kevin Roy.

President Donald J Trump presents the Medal of Honor to US Army Master Sergeant Matthew O Williams during a ceremony at the White House in Washington, DC, 30 October 2019.

Photo Credit: Sergeant Keisha Brown.

battlefield bravery had never been a priority for the either service. The few available prior to the Civil War were temporary in nature and not always associated with honor or bravery.

I WILL ALWAYS PLACE THE MISSION FIRST I WILL NEVER ACCEPT DEFEAT

86

SERGEANT MATTHEW O. WILLIAMS UNITED STATES ARMY Sergeant Matthew O. Williams distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty on 6 April 2008, while serving as a Weapons Sergeant, Special Forces Operational Detachment Alpha 3336,

I WILL NEAVER QUIT

Special Operations Task Force-33, in

I WILL NEVER LEAVE A FALLEN COMRADE

FREEDOM. Sergeant Williams was

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

support of OPERATION ENDURING part of an assault element

RONOH FO LADEM

United States. No wonder. The Medal

MEDAL OF HONOR

F

ormer US President Harry S Truman

BRAVERY ON THE BATTLEFIELD inserted by helicopter into a location in

Williams braved enemy fire once again to

Afghanistan. As the assault element

provide buddy-aid and to move the Team

was moving up a mountain toward its objective, it was

Sergeant down the sheer mountainside to the casualty collection point. Sergeant

engaged by intense enemy

Williams then fought and climbed his

machine gun, sniper, and

way back up the mountainside to help

rocket-propelled grenade

defend the lead assault element that still

fire. The lead portion of

had several serious casualties in need of

the assault element, which included the ground commander,

evacuation. Sergeant Williams directed suppressive fire and exposed himself to

sustained several casualties, and became

enemy fire in order to reestablish the team’s

pinned down on the sheer mountainside.

critical satellite radio communications. He

Sergeant Williams, upon hearing that the

then assisted with moving the wounded

lead element had sustained casualties and

down the near-vertical mountainside

was in danger of being overrun, braved

to the casualty collection point. Noting

intense enemy fire to lead a counterattack

that the collection point was about to

across a valley of ice-covered boulders

be overrun by enemy fighters, Sergeant

and a fast-moving, ice cold, and waist-

Williams led the Afghan commandos in a

deep river. Under withering fire, Sergeant

counterattack that lasted for several hours.

Williams and his local national commandos

When helicopters arrived to evacuate the

fought up the terraced mountainside to

wounded, Sergeant Williams again exposed

the besieged element. Arriving at the lead

himself to enemy fire, carrying and loading

element’s position, Sergeant Williams

casualties onto the helicopters while

arrayed his Afghan commandos to

continuing to direct commando firepower

provide suppressive fire, which kept

to suppress numerous insurgent positions.

the insurgent fighters from

His actions enabled the patrol to evacuate

overrunning the position.

wounded and dead comrades without

When the Team

further casualties. Sergeant Williams’

Sergeant was wounded, Sergeant

complete disregard for his own safety and his concern for the safety of his teammates ensured the survival of four critically wounded soldiers and prevented g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

87

the lead element of the assault force from

situation, and with disregard for his own

onto the second-floor roof. Staff Sergeant

being overrun by the enemy. Sergeant

safety, Staff Sergeant Bellavia retrieved

Bellavia engaged the insurgent through

Williams’ actions are in keeping with

an automatic weapon and entered the

a window, wounding him in the back and

the finest traditions of military service

doorway of the house to engage the

legs, and caused him to fall off the roof.

and reflect great credit upon himself,

insurgents. With enemy rounds impacting

Acting on instinct to save the members

Combined Joint Special Operations Task

around him, Staff Sergeant Bellavia fired

of his platoon from an imminent threat,

Force-Afghanistan, Special Operations

at the enemy position at a cyclic rate,

Staff Sergeant Bellavia ultimately cleared

Command Central, and the United

providing covering fire that allowed

an entire enemy-filled house, destroyed

States Army.

the squad to break contact and exit the

four insurgents, and gravely wounded

house. A Bradley Fighting Vehicle was

a fifth. Staff Sergeant Bellavia's bravery,

brought forward to suppress the enemy;

complete disregard for his own safety,

however, due to high walls surrounding

and unselfish and courageous actions

the house, it could not fire directly at the

are in keeping with the finest traditions

enemy position. Staff Sergeant Bellavia

of military service and reflect great credit

then re-entered the house and again

upon himself and the United States Army.

came under intense enemy fire. He observed an enemy insurgent preparing to launch a rocket-propelled grenade at his platoon. Recognizing the grave danger the grenade posed to his fellow soldiers, US Army Photo by Sergeant Kevin Roy.

President Donald J Trump presents the Medal of Honor to Staff Sergeant David G Bellavia during a ceremony at the White House in Washington, DC, 25 June 2019. US Army Photo

by Sergeant Kevin Roy.

STAFF SERGEANT DAVID G. BELLAVIA UNITED STATES ARMY

88

Staff Sergeant Bellavia assaulted the enemy position, killing one insurgent and wounding another who ran to a different part of the house. Staff Sergeant Bellavia, realizing he had an un-cleared, darkened room to his back, moved to clear it. As he entered, an insurgent came down the stairs firing at him. Simultaneously, the previously wounded insurgent reemerged and engaged Staff Sergeant Bellavia.

US Army photo by Specialist James Harvey.

President Donald J Trump posthumously awards the Medal of Honor to Staff Sergeant Travis W. Atkins at the White House in Washington DC, 27 March 2019. Atkins’ son, Trevor Oliver, speaks to those in attendance at the ceremony. Atkins was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for actions while serving with Delta Company, 2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, in Abu Sarnak, Iraq. US Army photo by Specialist James Harvey.

Staff Sergeant David G. Bellavia

Staff Sergeant Bellavia, entering further

distinguished himself by acts of gallantry

into the darkened room, returned fire and

and intrepidity above and beyond the

eliminated both insurgents. Staff Sergeant

call of duty on 10 November 2004, while

Bellavia then received enemy fire from

serving as a squad leader in support of

another insurgent emerging from a

OPERATION PHANTOM FURY in Fallujah,

closet in the darkened room. Exchanging

Iraq. While clearing a house, a squad from

gunfire, Staff Sergeant Bellavia pursued

Staff Sergeant Bellavia's platoon became

the enemy up the stairs and eliminated

trapped within a room by intense enemy

him. Now on the second floor, Staff

fire coming from a fortified position under

Sergeant Bellavia moved to a door that

Staff Sergeant Travis W. Atkins

the stairs leading to the second floor.

opened onto the roof. At this point, a fifth

distinguished himself by acts of gallantry

Recognizing the immediate severity of the

insurgent leapt from the third-floor roof

and intrepidity above and beyond the

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

STAFF SERGEANT TRAVIS W. ATKINS UNITED STATES ARMY

call of duty on 1 June 2007, while serving

keeping with the highest traditions of

sustained several casualties and became

in the position of Squad Leader with

military service and reflect great credit

pinned down on the mountainside. Staff

Company D, 2d Battalion, 14th Infantry

upon himself, the 2d Brigade Combat

Sergeant Shurer and the rest of the trailing

Regiment, 2d Brigade Combat Team,

Team, and the United States Army.

portion of the assault element were

10th Mountain Division, in support of

likewise engaged by enemy machine gun,

OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM. While

sniper, and rocket-propelled grenade fire.

manning a static observation post in the

As the attack intensified, Staff Sergeant

town of Abu Samak, Iraq, Staff Sergeant

Shurer braved enemy fire to move to an

Atkins was notified that four suspicious

injured Soldier and treat his wounds.

individuals, walking in two pairs, were

Having stabilized the injured Soldier,

crossing an intersection not far from

Staff Sergeant Shurer then learned of

his position. Staff Sergeant Atkins

the casualties among the lead element.

immediately moved his squad to interdict

Staff Sergeant Shurer fought his way up

the individuals. One of the individuals

the mountainside, under intense enemy

began behaving erratically, prompting

fire, to the lead element’s location. Upon

Staff Sergeant Atkins to disembark from his patrol vehicle and approach to conduct a search. Both individuals responded belligerently toward Staff Sergeant Atkins, who then engaged the individual he had intended to search in hand-to-hand combat. Staff Sergeant Atkins tried to wrestle the insurgent’s arms behind his back. When he noticed the insurgent was reaching for something under his

White House Photo by Shealah Craighead.

The Medal of Honor is presented to former US Army Staff Sergeant Ronald J Shurer II during a ceremony at the White House in Washington, DC, 1 October 2018. White House Photo by Shealah Craighead.

STAFF SERGEANT RONALD J. SHURER II UNITED STATES ARMY

reaching the lead element, he treated and stabilized two more Soldiers. Finishing those lifesaving efforts, Staff Sergeant Shurer noticed two additional severely wounded Soldiers under intense enemy fire. The bullet that had wounded one of these Soldiers had also impacted Staff Sergeant Shurer’s helmet. With complete disregard for his own life, Staff Sergeant Shurer again moved through enemy

clothes, Staff Sergeant Atkins immediately

Staff Sergeant Ronald J. Shurer II

fire to treat and stabilize one Soldier’s

wrapped him in a bear hug and threw

distinguished himself by acts of gallantry

severely wounded arm. Shortly thereafter,

him to the ground, away from his fellow

and intrepidity above and beyond the

Staff Sergeant Shurer continued to

soldiers. Staff Sergeant Atkins maintained

call of duty on 6 April 2008, while serving

brave withering enemy fire to get to the

his hold on the insurgent, placing his body

as a Senior Medical Sergeant, Special

other Soldier’s location in order to treat

on top of him, further sheltering his patrol.

Forces Operational Detachment Alpha

his lower leg, which had been almost

With Staff Sergeant Atkins on top of him,

3336, Special Operations Task Force-33,

completely severed by a high-caliber

the insurgent detonated a bomb strapped

in support of OPERATION ENDURING

sniper round. After treating the Soldier,

to his body, killing Staff Sergeant Atkins.

FREEDOM. Staff Sergeant Shurer was

Staff Sergeant Shurer began to evacuate

Staff Sergeant Atkins acted with complete

part of an assault element inserted by

the wounded, carrying and lowering

disregard for his own safety. In this critical

helicopter into a location in Afghanistan.

them down the sheer mountainside.

and selfless act of valor, Staff Sergeant

As the assault element moved up a near

While moving down the mountain, Staff

Atkins saved the lives of the three other

vertical mountain toward its objective, it

Sergeant Shurer used his own body to

soldiers who were with him and gallantly

was engaged by fierce enemy machine gun,

shield the wounded from enemy fire and

gave his life for his country. Staff Sergeant

sniper, and rocket-propelled grenade fire.

debris caused by danger-close air strikes.

Atkins' undaunted courage, warrior spirit,

The lead portion of the assault element,

Reaching the base of the mountain, Staff

and steadfast devotion to duty are in

which included the ground commander,

Sergeant Shurer set up a casualty g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

89

collection point and continued to treat the wounded. With the arrival of the medical evacuation helicopter, Staff Sergeant Sharer, again under enemy fire, helped load the wounded into the helicopter.

Having ensured the safety of the wounded, Staff Sergeant Shurer then regained control of his commando squad and rejoined the fight. He continued to lead his troops and emplace security elements until it was time to move to the evacuation landing zone for the helicopter. Staff Sergeant

ferociously

Shurer’s actions are in keeping with the finest traditions of

counterattacked the front

military service and reflect great credit upon himself, Combined

left flank of the 7th Infantry

Joint Special Operations Task Force-Afghanistan, Special

Regiment with 600 infantry troops,

Operations Command Central, and the United States Army. In

six Mark VI tanks, and tank destroyers.

2020 Staff Sergeant Ronald J. Shurer II died due to lung cancer.

Lieutenant Conner, having recently returned to his unit after recovering from a wound received in an earlier battle, was working as the Intelligence Officer in the 3d Battalion Command Post at the time of the attack. Understanding the devastating effect that the advancing enemy armor could have on the Battalion, Lieutenant Conner immediately volunteered to run straight into the heart of the enemy assault to get to a position from which he could direct friendly artillery on the advancing enemy forces.

US Army photo by Specialist Anna Pol.

Pauline Lyda Wells Conner, the spouse of US Army 1st Lieutenant Garlin M Conner, and their son Paul Conner, at the White House in Washington, DC, 26 June 2018. Conner was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for actions while serving as an intelligence officer during World War II, 24 January 1945. US Army photo by Specialist Anna Pol.

FIRST LIEUTENANT GARLIN M. CONNER UNITED STATES ARMY

90

With complete disregard for his own safety, Lieutenant Conner maneuvered 400 yards through enemy artillery fire that destroyed trees in his path and rained shrapnel all around him, while unrolling telephone wire needed to communicate with the Battalion command post.

Upon reaching the Battalion’s front line, he continued to move forward under the enemy assault

First Lieutenant Garlin M. Conner distinguished himself by acts of

to a position 30 yards in front of the

gallantry and intrepidity while serving with Company K, 3d Battalion,

defending United States forces, where he

7th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division. On the morning of

plunged into a shallow ditch that provided

January 24, 1945, near the town of Houssen, France, German forces

minimal protection from the advancing enemy’s

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

heavy machine gun and small arms fire. With rounds impacting all around him, Lieutenant Conner calmly directed multiple fire missions, adjusting round after round of artillery from his prone position, until the enemy was forced to halt its advance and seek cover behind a nearby dike. For three hours, Lieutenant Conner remained in this compromised position, enduring the repeated onslaught of German infantry which, at one point, advanced to within five yards of his position. As German infantry regrouped and began to mass in an overwhelming assault, Lieutenant Conner ordered friendly artillery to concentrate directly on his own position, having resolved to die if necessary, to destroy the enemy advance. Ignoring the friendly artillery shells blanketing his position and exploding mere feet from him, Lieutenant Conner continued to direct artillery fire on the enemy assault swarming around him

US Army photo by C. Todd Lopez.

President Donald Trump places the Medal of Honor around the neck of Captain Mike Rose, during a 23 October 2017 ceremony at the White House, in Washington, DC. US Army Photo by C Todd Lopez.

SERGEANT GARY M. ROSE UNITED STATES ARMY Sergeant Gary M. Rose distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity while serving as a Special Forces Medic with a company-sized exploitation force, Special Operations Augmentation, Command and Control Central, 5th Special Forces Group (Airborne), 1st Special Forces, Republic of Vietnam. Between 11 and 14 September 1970,

until the German attack was finally broken.

Sergeant Rose’s company was continuously engaged by a

By his heroism and disregard for his own

well-armed and numerically superior hostile force deep in

life, Lieutenant Conner stopped the

enemy-controlled territory. Enemy B-40 rockets and mortar

enemy advance. The artillery he expertly

rounds rained down while the adversary sprayed the area

directed, while under constant enemy

with small arms and machine gun fire, wounding many and

fire, killed approximately fifty German

forcing everyone to seek cover. Sergeant Rose, braving the

soldiers and wounded an estimated one hundred more, preventing what would have undoubtedly been heavy friendly casualties. His actions are in keeping with the highest traditions of military service and reflect great credit upon himself, the 3d Infantry Division, and the United States Army.

hail of bullets, sprinted fifty meters to a wounded soldier’s side. He then used his own body to protect the casualty from further injury while treating his wounds. After stabilizing the casualty, Sergeant Rose carried him through the bullet-ridden combat zone to protective cover. As the enemy accelerated the attack, Sergeant Rose continuously exposed himself to g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

91

intense fire as he fearlessly moved from

injuring Sergeant Rose and the personnel

medic with Company C, 3d Battalion, 21st

casualty to casualty, administering life-

on board. Despite his numerous wounds

Infantry, 196th Light Infantry Brigade,

saving aid. A B-40 rocket impacted just

from the past three days, Sergeant Rose

Americal Division. The company air

meters from Sergeant Rose, knocking him

continued to pull and carry unconscious

assaulted into an area near Tam Ky and

from his feet and injuring his head, hand,

and wounded personnel out of the

Nui Yon Hill. On May 13th, with complete

and foot. Ignoring his wounds, Sergeant

burning wreckage and continued to

disregard for his life, he ran 100 meters in

Rose struggled to his feet and continued

administer aid to the wounded until

an open field through heavy fire to rescue

to render aid to the other injured soldiers.

another extraction helicopter arrived.

a comrade too injured to move and carried

During an attempted medevac, Sergeant

Sergeant Rose’s extraordinary heroism

him to safety. That same day, 2d Platoon

Rose again exposed himself to enemy

and selflessness above and beyond

was ordered to search the area near Nui

fire as he attempted to hoist wounded

the call of duty were critical to saving

Yon Hill when the platoon was ambushed

personnel up to the hovering helicopter,

numerous lives over that four-day time

by a large North Vietnamese Army

which was unable to land due to

period. His actions are in keeping with the

force and sustained heavy casualties.

unsuitable terrain. The medevac mission

highest traditions of military service and

With complete disregard for his life

was aborted due to intense enemy fire

reflect great credit upon himself, the 1st

and personal safety, Private First-Class

and the helicopter crashed a few miles

Special Forces, and the United

McCloughan led two Americans into the

away due to the enemy fire sustained

States Army.

safety of a trench while being wounded by

during the attempted extraction. Over the

shrapnel from a rocket propelled grenade.

next two days, Sergeant Rose continued

He ignored a direct order to stay back and

to expose himself to enemy fire in order

braved an enemy assault while moving

to treat the wounded, estimated to be

into the “kill zone” on four more occasions

half of the company’s personnel. On

to extract wounded comrades. He treated

September 14, during the company’s

the injured, prepared the evacuation, and

eventual helicopter extraction, the enemy

though bleeding heavily from shrapnel

launched a full-scale offensive. Sergeant

wounds on his head and body, refused

Rose, after loading wounded personnel

evacuation to safety in order to remain

on the first set of extraction helicopters,

at the battle site with his fellow Soldiers

returned to the outer perimeter under

who were heavily outnumbered by

enemy fire, carrying friendly casualties

North Vietnamese Army forces. On May

and moving wounded personnel to more secure positions until they could be evacuated. He then returned to the perimeter to help repel the enemy until the final extraction helicopter arrived. As the final helicopter was loaded, the enemy began to overrun the company’s position, and the helicopter’s Marine door gunner was shot in the neck. Sergeant Rose

US Army photo by Eboni Everson-Myart.

President Donald J Trump hosts the Medal of Honor ceremony for former Specialist Five James C McCloughan at the White House in Washington, DC, 31 July 2017. US Army photo

by Eboni Everson-Myart.

PRIVATE FIRST-CLASS JAMES C. MCCLOUGHAN UNITED STATES ARMY

14th, the platoon was again ordered to move out towards Nui Yon Hill. Private First-Class McCloughan was wounded a second time by small arms fire and shrapnel from a rocket propelled grenade while rendering aid to two Soldiers in an open rice paddy. In the final phases of the attack, two companies from the 2d North Vietnamese Army Division and an

instantly administered critical medical

Private First Class James C. McCloughan

element of 700 soldiers from a Viet Cong

treatment onboard the helicopter, saving

distinguished himself by acts of gallantry

regiment descended upon Company C’s

the Marine’s life. The helicopter carrying

and intrepidity at the risk of his life above

position on three sides. Private First-

Sergeant Rose crashed several hundred

and beyond the call of duty from 13 - 15

Class McCloughan, again with complete

meters from the evacuation point, further

May 1969, while serving as a combat

disregard for his life, went into the

92

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

Specialist 4 Donald Sloat

8 October 1918 - just a month before

Staff Sergeant Ryan M. Pitts

the armistice was signed. His citation

while also fighting the enemy. His

Sergeant Kyle J. White

reads: "...After his platoon had suffered

relentless and courageous actions

Captain William D. Swenson

crossfire numerous times throughout the battle to extract wounded Soldiers,

inspired and motivated his comrades to

Staff Sergeant Ty Michael Carter

heavy casualties and three other noncommissioned officers had become

fight for their survival. When supplies

Staff Sergeant Clinton L. Romesha

casualties, Corporal York assumed

ran low, Private First-Class McCloughan

Sergeant 1st Class Leroy A. Petry

command. Fearlessly leading seven

volunteered to hold a blinking strobe

Staff Sergeant Salvatore A. Giunta

men, he charged with great daring

light in an open area as a marker for a

Staff Sergeant Robert J. Miller

toward a machine gun nest, which

nighttime resupply drop. He remained

Sergeant 1st Class Jared C. Mont

was pouring deadly and incessant fire

steadfast while bullets landed all around

Private 1st Class Ross McGinnis

upon his platoon. In this heroic feat the

him and rocket propelled grenades flew

Sergeant 1st Class Paul R. Smith

machine gun nest was taken, together

over his prone, exposed body. During the morning darkness of May 15th, Private First Class McCloughan knocked out a rocket propelled grenade position with a grenade, fought and eliminated enemy soldiers, treated numerous casualties,

Since 1998 at least 15 other Medals of Honor have been awarded to correct

several guns."

past administrative errors, oversights,

Valor is found across the times as well

and follow-up on lost recommendations

as across the ranks, as World War II

or because of new evidence.

2nd Lieutenant Robert Craig, from the

kept two critically wounded Soldiers

Here are just a few examples of Soldiers

alive during the night, and organized

who were awarded the Medal of Honor

the dead and wounded for evacuation

from three wars. Their actions, like the

at daylight. His timely and courageous

other recipients of the medal, were far

actions were instrumental in saving the

and above the call of duty.

lives of his fellow Soldiers. Private First-

with four officers and 128 men and

3rd Infantry Division, demonstrated.

According to his citation, 2nd Lieutenant Craig volunteered to defeat an enemy machine gun that three other officers before him could not. He quickly located the gun outside of Favoratta, Sicily, but

During the Civil War, the job of color

without cover, he and his men found

bearer was one of the most hazardous

themselves vulnerable to approximately

as well as important duties in the Army.

100 enemies. "Electing to sacrifice

Soldiers looked to the flag for direction

himself so that his platoon might carry

and inspiration in battle and the bearer

on the battle, he ordered his men to

was usually out in front, drawing heavy

withdraw... while he drew the enemy

enemy fire while holding the flag high.

fire to himself. With no hope of survival,

On 16 November 1863, regimental color

he charged toward the enemy until he

Medals of Honor are awarded sparingly

bearer Private Joseph E. Brandle, from

was within 25 yards of them. Assuming

and are bestowed only to the bravest of

the 17th Michigan Infantry, participated

a kneeling position, he killed five and

the brave; and that courage must be well

in a battle near Lenoire, Tennessee.

wounded three enemy soldiers. While

documented. Other recent Army Medal

"Having been twice wounded and the

the hostile force concentrated fire on

of Honor Recipients are:

sight of one eye destroyed, he still held

him, his platoon reached the cover of the

to the colors until ordered to the rear by

crest. 2nd Lieutenant Craig was killed

his regimental commander."

by enemy fire, but his intrepid action

Class McCloughan’s personal heroism, professional competence, and devotion to duty are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit upon himself, the America l Division, and the United States Army.

Lieutenant Col. Charles Kettles Captain Florent Groberg Sergeant Henry Johnson

Corporal Alvin C. York, from the

Sergeant William Shemin

82nd Division, fearlessly engaged

1st Lieutenant Alonzo H. Cushing

the numerically superior German

Command Sergeant Maj. Bennie G. Adkins

force at Chatel-Chehery, France, on

so inspired his men that they drove the enemy from the area, inflicting heavy casualties on the hostile force."

Article provide by army.mil/medalofhonor.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

93

US and coalition servicemembers, civilians, military working dog handlers and their dogs met together in a ceremony 16 October to unveil the war dog memorial built at the Kandahar Airfield (KAF) boardwalk in honor of military working dogs killed here in the line of duty. Photo courtesy of US Army.

K9 Courage

Honoring America’’s Guardians of Freedom

94

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

By Jim Lamb On Sunday, 27 October 2019, a dog named after a late-night talk show host chased a terrorist wearing a suicide vest into a network of tunnels. The dog was Conan, a Belgian Malinois attached to Delta Force. The terrorist was Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, self-proclaimed “caliph” of the Islamic State of Iraq. The place was Barisha, a village in northwestern Syria.

What happened next sounds like a scene from an action movie.

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi detonated his suicide vest, killing

“What counts is not necessarily the size of the dog in the fight; it’s the size of the fight in the dog.”

– Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

himself; Conan was injured while in hot pursuit. A month later, on 25 November 2019, the four-year-old Special Operations Veteran who’d been on about fifty combat missions made a surprise visit to the White House where President Donald J. Trump called him “probably the world’s most famous dog,” adding the descriptions “tough cookie,” “incredible,” and “ultimate fighter.”

General Mark Milley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, put it this way: “The dog… performed a tremendous service, as they all do in a variety of situations.”

Conan wasn’t the only heroic war dog to meet a president. In fact, Stubby, a bull-terrier mix that served in World War One, met three presidents: Woodrow Wilson, Warren G Harding, and Calvin Coolidge.

Fort Benn ing, GA

The brave little stray from Connecticut who wandered onto the parade grounds of Yale University where the 102nd Infantry Regiment, 26th Infantry Division, trained and went on to become America’s most decorated dog and the only dog ever promoted to sergeant.

Stubby served eighteen months and participated in seventeen battles on the Western Front. Among his heroics, he served as a mascot, alerted soldiers to put on their masks when a gas attack took place and comforted the wounded.

His actions were documented in newspapers across America, and he was the subject of several books.

og , a d n o s b Gi orse mela ith Warh a P .

Spc ler w hand

Also, in 2018, the story of the homeless little heroic dog was featured in a computer-animated film titled Sergeant Stubby: An American Hero.

In 1926 Sergeant Stubby died. The New York Times noted his passing with a lengthy obituary, which began: “Stubby is dead. He was only a dog and un-pedigreed at that, but he was the most famous mascot in the AEF (American Expeditionary g

(top) Fifteen military working dog teams from across the US Arm trained in preparation for deployment. US Army photo by Patrick Albright, Maneuver Center of Excellence, Fort Benning Public Affairs. (bottom) Specialist Pamela Gibson, a dog handler with Warhorse Kanine, 1st Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 25th Infantry Division, and her military working dog, Sergeant Astra, exit an empty classroom at a local school after clearing it in Iraq. US Army photo by Specialist Opal Vaughn, 14th Public Affairs Detachment.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

95

(left top) Sergeant Jacob Holm plays tug of war with Zasko, after his canine companion identified homemade-explosive materials hidden outside an abandoned building during a patrol of Western Baghdad. US Army photo by Specialist LB Edgar, 7th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment. (left middle) Staff Sergeant Joseph Branch inspects traffic with his partner, Nemo, in Ghazaliya, Baghdad, Iraq. US Air Force photo by Senior Airman Daniel Owen. (left bottom) A US Soldier with the 10th Special Forces Group and his military working dog jump off the ramp of a CH-47 Chinook helicopter from the 160th Special OPERATIONS AVIAION REGIMENT during water training over the Gulf of Mexico. DoD photo

by Tech. Sergeant Manuel J. Martinez, US Air Force/Released. (main photo) Staff Sergeant Michael Stevens runs his military working/patrol explosive detection dog Karo through an explosive device detection training session at Forward Operating Base Lagman. US Air Force Photo by Master Sergean Adrian Cadiz.

Bag h

dad,

Iraq

Forces). Stubby took part in four major offensives, was wounded, and gassed.

He captured a German Spy and won more medals than any other soldier dog.”

Chips was another war dog that gained national notoriety. He was assigned to the 3rd Military Police Platoon, 3rd Infantry Division; his service in World War II included North Africa, Sicily, Italy, and France. Chips was a German Shepherd-Collie-Husky mix; he served as a sentry dog for President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill when the two world leaders met in 1943.

During the invasion of Sicily, machine-gunners pinned down Chips and his team on the

ch Bran h p e o s t. Jo tner Nem g S f Staf his par w it h

beach. The dog broke loose and forced the Italians to leave their pillbox; they later surrendered to US troops. Meanwhile, although Chips was wounded, he helped capture ten prisoners later that day.

In 1990, Disney made Chips, the War Dog, a TV-movie based on his escapades. Chips was posthu-

Gulf

96

of M exico

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

mously awarded the PDSA Dickin Medal and the Animals in War

That’s not all.

& Peace Medal of Bravery.

Inspired by the many stories that other handlers shared with In her book K-9 Korea: The Untold Story of America’s War Dogs in

him, Burnam made it his mission to gain support nationwide for

the Korean War, J Rachel Reed shares the story of Chief, who she

a memorial for these hard-working and valued four-legged

says was a “symbol of the power, ferocity, and loyalty that all dogs

soldiers. The seed for that dream was planted in December of

possessed,” adding that he “died a hero’s death, a super hero

2007 when Burnam met with the late Congressman Walter B

who made sure that someone’s beloved son made it home alive.”

Jones of North Carolina.

The war dogs of Vietnam were equally courageous and self-sacri-

That effort became a reality on 28 October 2013, during a dedi-

ficing, enduring a land of jungles, heat, monsoons, and mud. They

cation ceremony for the US Military Working Dog Teams National

served as sentries, located booby traps, detected ambushes,

Monument at Joint Base San Antonio-Lackland, Texas, where

hunted down Vietcong, and entered deadly “spider-holes” dug

America has been training its military working dog teams since

out by enemy soldiers. It’s been estimated that more than 10,000

1958. It’s the world’s largest such training facility.

lives were saved in Vietnam by the 500 dogs killed-in-action.

Other courageous K9s were wounded, like Nemo, who, despite

Central to the 3,000-square-foot plaza of the US Military Working

being shot and blinded in one eye, guarded his injured handler

Dog Teams National Monument is the statue of a dog handler,

until they were rescued. Both recovered.

honoring those who served in World War Two, Korea, Vietnam, the Gulf, as well as the War on Terror. Also featured are larger-

Retired US Army Master Sergeant John Burnam (recipient of the

than-life bronze statues of the four most prominent breeds used

Purple-Heart, Bronze Star, and Legion of Merit medals) was also

by the military are the Doberman Pinscher, German Shepherd,

a dog handler in Vietnam. Among his K9 colleagues were Timber

Labrador Retriever, and Belgian Malinois.

and Clipper, two German Shepherds.

Providing a back-drop for the statues is a large three-segment wall.

Here’s what Burnam told reporters when he returned stateside: “How do you thank a dog who saved yours and other men’s lives

The backside of the wall includes laser-etched images of Military

in combat after he alerted you to a trip-wire you didn’t walk into

Working Dog Teams in action. Behind the granite wall are five

because he stopped you before your leg hit it? It’s something I

flags representing the Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast

carry in my heart and always will.”

Guard. Etched on the front of the wall behind the statues is a description of the qualities that successful K9s possess, as well

But Burnam did more than just carry it in his heart. First, he wrote

as jobs they have performed:

a book, Dog Tags of Courage, about his personal experiences.

The response to his first book was so overwhelming, he

“The working dogs’ size, intelligence, trainability, and

wrote a second book, A Soldier’s Best Friend, which the

adaptability to various climates and terrains through-

late Lieutenant General Harold G Moore described as

out the world make them ideally suited for jobs like

“An authentic and compelling story by a two-tour com-

Scout, Sentry, Tracker, Patrol, Messenger, Search

bat infantry veteran.”

and Rescue, Explosives Detection, Tunnel Detection, Building Search, Cadaver Search, and Drug and Contraband Detection.”

Also etched on the wall is this poignant statement: “The dog is your best friend, your partner, and lifesaver. You are his focus, trainer, provider, leader, and interpreter. Together you train to hone your skills and bond as a team. A dog team’s ability to detect enemy targets, near and far, with exceptional accuracy is g

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

97

(right) US Army Staff Sergeant Kevin Reese and his military working dog Grek wait at a safe house before conducting an assault against insurgents in Buhriz, Iraq. US Air Force photo by Staff Sergeant Stacy L Pearsall.

Staff S and gt. Kevin his d og GReese rek

(above) A flight medic with 2nd Battalion, 3rd Aviation Regiment, is hoisted into a medical helicopter with Luca, a Military Working Dog with 4th Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division during a training exercise. US Army photo by Sergeant Michael Needham, 102nd Mobile Public Affairs Detachment.

far greater than any human on the battlefield.”

Along the base of the monument is the phrase “Guardians of America’s Freedom.” Another element of the plaza is the “Not Forgotten Fountain” which features the words: “In everlasting memory of all the war dogs that served, died, and were left behind

dog handler, and trainer – came up with the idea of K9

in the Vietnam War.”

Veterans Day, to be celebrated each year on March 13. The day honors K9s like Maiko, Sergeant Stubby, Chips, Conan,

Dog handler John Baker, whose military police company detachment

Timber, Chief, and Clipper whether they served in a combat

was known as “Hell on Paws,” summed things up this way: “These

zone, protected the border, or worked with customs, the

dogs were patriots just as much as anybody else who served.”

Secret Service, FBI, or local law enforcement.

One of those dogs was Maiko, a multi-purpose canine trained in

Why honor the efforts of these courageous K9s and their

patrolling, tracking, bomb detection, and apprehension. According

handlers?

to Stars & Stripes, the seven-year-old K9 was fatally wounded during a raid against al-Qaida militants in southwest Afghanistan’s Nim-

The tribute etched on their monument says it best: “Ded-

ruz Province on 24 November 2018: “The actions of Maiko directly

icated to all US Military Working Dog Handlers and their

saved the life of his handler… and other Rangers involved during the

beloved dogs who defend America from harm, defeat the

clearance.”

enemy, and save lives.”

Maiko reportedly served six tours in Afghanistan and conducted

If that’s not reason enough, what is?

more than fifty Ranger-led raids; he had the most training and combat experience of any dog with the battalion at the time of his death.

AUTHOR’S BIO Jim Lamb is a retired journalist living in Florida. His

98

A final note: The United States K9 Corps was created on 13 March

father served in the US Army as a Combat Engineer

1942. With that in mind, the late Joe White – a Vietnam War veteran,

during World War II.

ARMY 245: Call to Duty

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