Duke Law Magazine

DUKE LAW MAGAZINE

Fall 2005 | Volume 23 Number 2

Fall 2005 Volume 23 Number 2

Also: A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO SUPREME COURT CASES DUKE LAW’S INNOCENCE PROJECT

From the Dean

To the Duke Law School community, This issue features a report on an ambitious June 2005 trip to China by a number of Duke law faculty, staff, and alumni and their families. The trip to Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai exceeded our expectations in terms of the development and continuation of relationships with Chinese alumni, universities, and law firms, and it gave the Board of Visitors some helpful perspectives as the Board considers future initiatives in Asia. A reunion of Duke graduates living in Asia celebrated the 20th anniversary of the first Chinese graduate from Duke Law School. A wellreceived academic conference at Tsinghua University furthered collaborations between the Duke Law business and intellectual property faculty and their Tsinghua counterparts. Receptions at White & Case in Beijing and Jun He Law Office in Shanghai gave Duke alumni the opportunity to network with their Chinese counterparts, and a presentation by the Duke University Management Asset Corporation in Shanghai helped the group to better to understand the current foreign investment challenges in China.

While touring many of China’s historic and cultural treasures, and visiting Chinese courts, we also observed first-hand many of the legal, social, and environmental challenges now facing China, as well as the important role many Duke Law School graduates are playing in addressing those challenges. The pace was brutal, but we developed strong bonds, and have a much better sense of goals and strategies with respect to China. I appreciate the work of our many Chinese alumni who helped us to make this trip a great success.

Back at home in Durham, by the time this Magazine is distributed, we hope to be moving into our new addition. This is a long-awaited event, made necessary by

the explosion in growth of new faculty, clinics, journals, and interdisciplinary centers. This is not the end of our building initiatives, however. We still have a significant need for more high-quality public space, which we expect to address with renovations and redesign of the interior courtyard area. In addition, there are needs in the library for HVAC replacement and space renovation. Still, the additional 30,000 square feet for clinic, journal, and faculty offices and conference rooms goes a long way toward improving our facilities. Thank you to all who have helped to make this addition possible, and we hope that those of you who have not yet supported our ambitious building plans will soon be able to do so.

As the fall 2005 semester begins and we welcome our extraordinarily qualified new class, we face important transitions in several staff leadership positions.

Dennis Shields, associate dean for admissions and financial aid since 1998, has left Duke to become the dean at Phoenix International Law School. This is an exciting opportunity for Dennis but, of course, a significant loss for Duke.

Under Dean Shields’ leadership the admissions profile of the student body improved on all quality measures, including diversity. Liz Gustafson ’86, former dean of admissions (and also former dean of student affairs), is heading a search committee for a new admissions dean. Diana Nelson, director of communications, left Duke in the spring to return to the private sector.

Her replacement, Kiersten Murnane, comes to Duke from the University of Michigan Law School, and brings extensive communications experience in both the public and private sectors.

The Office of Alumni Relations and Development is delighted to now have the services of an attorney with expertise in planned giving; Director of Development Katharine Buchanan picks up the reins left by Ann Sundberg, who left to take a position on central campus. In addition, Laura Eastwood has stepped in to replace Patti Meyer, who retired after six years at Duke, in the position of director of development services. I regret to say also that Melissa Richey, director of the Annual Fund and staff coordinator of the Future Forum, has left Duke to move to Montana; a search for her replacement is underway.

Duke Law School had an amazing showing at the ABA Annual Meeting in August. The student board of the Office of Public Interest and Pro Bono was one of three finalists for the Judy M. Weightman Memorial Public Interest Award; Matt Christensen ’05 won one of the handful of awards for the best student law school-ABA liaisons; Vik Patel ’05 won the award as the nation’s most outstanding student bar association president; and the Law School won the ABA’s Gambrell Award for Professionalism, based on the Duke Blueprint and other initiatives designed to promote professionalism at Duke. This may not count as a “sweep,” but it’s about as close as one gets, and shows that the efforts to take professionalism seriously at Duke are beginning to be noticed. Special thanks go to Associate Dean for Student Affairs Jill Miller, former Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs James Coleman, and Associate Dean for Pro Bono and Public Interest Carol Spruill, for the leadership they have shown in the initiatives leading to this recognition.

At press time, the country is in the throes of the loss and tragedy from Hurricane Katrina. Duke is one of many law schools around the country who opened its doors to students displaced by the storm. We accepted nine students for the fall semester from the law schools at Tulane and Loyola-New Orleans, including two LL.M. students.

Our students are leading the campus in their initiatives to help Katrina victims, launching a number of fundraising efforts and arranging for a truck of supplies to be delivered to Louisiana. As a community, we will continue to do what we can to help. Our hearts go out to the many victims of this disaster.

Warm regards,

Katharine T. Bartlett Dean and A. Kenneth Pye Professor of Law

F E AT U R E S

Fall 2005 | Volume 23 Number 2

Duke Law in China The Law School celebrates more than 20 years of legal education and engagement with the People’s Republic of China

DEAN

Katharine T. Bartlett DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS

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Kiersten Murnane EDITOR

Frances Presma ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Janse Haywood Kathryn Bradley

Distinctive Documentaries

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Frances Presma Caroline Sykes Gergely Kanyicska Elizabeth Schroeder Shanda King Jennifer Jenkins Brett Cornwright Thomas Metzloff

Professor Thomas Metzloff’s films probe Supreme Court cases

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The Innocence Project

FACULTY NOTES EDITOR

Melanie Dunshee CLASS NOTES EDITOR

Terry Banfich

Law students investigate plausible claims of innnocence

ART DIRECTION

Marc Harkness

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PRODUCTION ARTIST

Kelly Murdoch-Kitt PHOTOGRAPHY

D E PA R T M E N T S

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Alex Maness Thomas Metzloff Shanda King John Spencer Hélène Ducros Tom Mendel Todd Shoemaker

From the Dean 02 News Briefs 7 56

Back cover photo: Susan Bolch

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Faculty News 40 Faculty Focus 44 Faculty Notes Profiles 52 David Gibbs III ’93 54 Christine Richards ’79 55 Claude Allen ’90 56 Amy Yeung ’06 57 Around the Law School

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Alumni News 63 Alumni Notes 74 In Memoriam

Duke Law Magazine is published under the auspices of the Office of the Dean, Duke University Law School, Science Drive and Towerview Road, Durham, NC 27708

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Photo: Alex

{News Briefs

FORMER DEPUTY U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL JAMES COMEY

Deputy Attorney General defends USA Patriot Act

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AMENTING A LACK OF INFORMED DEBATE on the USA Patriot Act (“the Patriot Act”), thenDeputy U.S. Attorney General James Comey defended it at Duke Law School on March 22.

“The discussion of this particular piece of legislation has been bumper-stickered by opponents and, to be fair, by proponents, who questioned the patriotism of people who question it.” But the details show that the Patriot Act involves no trade-off between liberty and security, nor does there need to be any such trade-off to keep the country safe, he said.

Comey addressed issues of common concern in the Act—and under debate in Congress at press time—beginning with section 215, which gives government investigators working on foreign counter-intelligence or counter-terrorism cases the ability to apply to a federal judge for a subpoena to obtain “books, records, and other tangible items.” This provision has been a lightning rod for criticism from advocates concerned about the privacy of library records.

To a prosecutor, “books and records” mean credit card, bank, and accounting records, Comey said. “The word ‘library’ does not appear in the USA Patriot Act, and I would bet my life that the people who drafted [it] never thought about libraries when they enacted section 215. Theoretically you could get books subpoenaed from a library by

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Lectures, conferences, and other notable happenings

virtue of this provision, [but] the Act specifically says that the request cannot be based solely upon First Amendment activities of the person whose records are at issue.”

Besides, he argued, in the course of criminal investigations federal prosecutors have long been able to issue subpoenas “for books, records, and tangible items including, theoretically, books at a bookstore or at a library.” By way of example, Comey pointed out that the federal government subpoenaed the library records of Ted Kaczynski to corroborate his brother’s suspicions that he was the “Unabomber;” the published writings that

one about them, but concern over this level of secrecy reflects a misunderstanding of long-standing practice in criminal investigations, he argued. Not only do such “gag orders” offer protection against the guilty fleeing after they learn they are being investigated, they protect “against the innocent from being ruined” by rumors of an investigation, he said.

Comey called the delayed notification search warrants authorized by the Patriot Act— so-called “sneak and peek” warrants—just another “essential tool of law enforcement.” All the Patriot Act did, he argued, was to codify and standardize an investigative tool that had been created in a “patchwork” by federal judges across the country “who concluded that under the Fourth Amendment it was reasonable in certain circumstances to delay notice to the subject of a search that there has been a search.” Between 30 and 40 delayed notification search warrants are obtained each year, he said.

“We are able to do it when it matters most.”

In short, said Comey, the Patriot Act took a number of tools that have long been used

“The discussion of this particular piece of legislation has been bumper-stickered by opponents and, to be fair, by proponents, who questioned the patriotism of people who question it.”

Former Deputy U.S. Attorney General James Comey piqued David Kaczynski’s interest cited obscure and ancient texts that Ted had indeed checked out.

In the spring of 2004, Comey said, an admitted al-Qaeda facilitator was arrested after investigators noticed that he made repeated trips from his Queens home to various branches of the New York Public Library, apparently to send e-mail. Under questioning later, he said that he learned that the libraries were scrubbing their hard drives after each user, so he figured this would make it harder for authorities to track him down when he was e-mailing al-Qaeda associates around the world.

“I don’t think any of us ... want libraries to be a sanctuary for criminal behavior. You don’t want it to be a sanctuary for pedophiles, for people who are committing online crimes, you don’t want it to be a sanctuary for terrorists,” Comey said.

Recipients of subpoenas for records under section 215 are prohibited from telling any-

to investigate drug dealers, such as roving wiretaps, and applied them to counter-terrorism work. But he called “earth-shattering” the Patriot Act’s destruction of the “wall” between intelligence investigators pursuing terrorists and criminal investigators pursuing terrorists. Prior to passage of the Patriot Act, the FBI and CIA could not share information even when they were investigating the same people.

“There are still two worlds—intelligence and criminal law—but [the Patriot Act] allowed for the growth of a culture that allows them to talk to each other, so we have everybody who’s focused on that target able to know what the others are doing. Most people don’t think that was a bad idea no matter where on the political spectrum they are. That made us safer.”

Deputy Attorney General Comey’s visit was organized by Tyler Friedman ’06 and sponsored by the Program in Public Law. d

News Briefs tem adequately balances these two objectives by limiting the duration of the patent holder’s right of exclusivity and requiring public disclosure of information related to the patented invention.

Citing increased corporate investment in and reliance upon open source software, Daniel HE LEGAL TENSION between software patents Egger, founder and chairman of Open Source and the “open source” software movement Risk Management, suggested that the software was the subject of a spirited panel discussion at industry may be entering an era of aggressive the Intellectual Property and Cyberlaw Society’s patent enforcement. While many infringement fourth annual “Hot Topics” symposium April 1. claims would likely fail because the underlying Introducing the topic, Professor Arti Rai noted patents are weak, Egger said, the harm to the that software patents in the United States do open source movement could be profound. not require disclosure of programming instruc“All you need is one non-practicing entity with tions, or “source code.” A growing number of one claim that gets settled to create a lot of havoc software programmers, however, have opted to with the general public license, [the form which forgo patents in favor of licensing agreements governs most open source licensing agreements], that allow for open access to source code and because you have the problem that whoever permit licensees to develop new software based has entered into that license is no longer able on the existing code. Rai observed that the inherto distribute.” One possible solution, suggested ent tension between software patents and the Egger, would be to shift the cost of patent compliopen source movement has escalated in recent ance to end users, who confront fewer restricyears as companies have patented and marketed tions under open source licensing agreements.

Robert Bray, who advises the European Union software developed from open source programs.

(EU) Parliament on intellectual property issues, “There’s the issue of whether open source among other matters, addressed the status of infringes some of these software patents.” software patents and the open source movement Mark Webbink, deputy general counsel and in Europe. He described the political controversy that has erupted regarding a proposal in the EU Parliament to increase the patentability of software; it has “raised fears in the open source community” because such patents are expensive to obtain and defend. Opposition from small- and medium-sized TIMOTHY O’SULLIVAN ’90, MARK WEBBINK, JOHN CONLEY ’77, DANIEL EGGER software developers has halted the proposal for now, he said. John secretary for Red Hat, which markets software Conley ’77, William Rand Kenan, Jr. profesderived from the prominent open source operating sor of law at the University of North Carolina system Linux, took the position that patents are School of Law, observed that the EU proposal not essential for software innovation, but stifle would implement a fundamental change to the development by unfairly limiting competition.

European patent system, which has historically “The patents are hard to identify, they’re hard limited the patentability of computer software. to associate with specific technologies, they’re The afternoon agenda included two break out costly to evaluate, and they’re extraordinarily sessions on a variety of current issues in intellecexpensive to litigate,” he said. Webbink suggested tual property law, as well as a keynote address by that slight modifications of the current patent George Gilder, editor-in-chief of Gilder Technology system—such as limiting the term of software Report and a senior fellow at Discovery Institute, patents or requiring disclosure of source code— where he directs the Institute’s program on high could lead to increased innovation in the industry. technology and public policy.

By contrast, Timothy O’Sullivan ’90, a patent The “Hot Topics” symposium is an entirely attorney with the Raleigh firm of Myers Bigel student-organized event.

Sponsors included the Sibley & Sajovec, argued that the exclusivity law firms of Dow, Lohnes & Albertson, Myers conferred by software patents is key to innovation Bigel Sibley & Sajovec, and Nelson Mullins Riley in the field. The open source movement simply & Scarborough, and The Triangle Intellectual promotes development based on pre-existing Property Law Association. d technology, failing to stimulate the development –Caroline Sykes ’05 of truly new ideas, he said, while the patent sys-

Software patents v. open source a “hot topic” in intellectual property law

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REED HUNDT, CENTER, WITH BRANCH FURTADO ’06 & TEDDY SCHWARZMAN ’06 OF SELS.

FCC undermines First Amendment, says former chairman

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HE HALF-MILLION DOLLAR FINE levied by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) against CBS for Janet Jackson’s infamous “wardrobe malfunction” during the Superbowl 2004 half-time show was only the first of a series of “bad government acts that have curtailed freedom of speech and certainly the freedom of the media to investigate.”

That charge was leveled by Reed Hundt, who chaired the FCC from 1993 to 1997, when he spoke at Duke Law School on April 6, at the invitation of the Sports and Entertainment Law Society (SELS).

Hundt, who called the FCC “the biggest threat to the First Amendment that the electronic media has faced since the McCarthy era,” went on to list other developments he finds worrisome. These included: a reversal by former FCC Chairman Michael Powell of his own principle that network indecency standards should be relaxed to those of cable; current FCC Chairman Kevin Martin’s call for the cable industry to create a family tier of programming—which the Senate has threatened to legislate; the fact that the FOX network, “often astonishingly aligned with the administration politically” is fined rarely, whereas CBS came under considerable pressure to fire Dan Rather for running a “badly prepared”show reporting negatively about the president’s military service; and Education Secretary Margaret Spelling’s recent threat to withdraw education funds from PBS affiliates that broadcast an episode of a children’s show depicting a family headed by same-sex partners.

“The federal government, in many ways, is bent on limiting the independent role of the media in our democratic system,” Hundt said. “It wants to turn broadcasters and cable companies into allies of government’s effort to win public support for many different political purposes ranging from the war in Iraq, to the campaign against the defined benefit plans of Social Security. The electronic media are urged to support political causes, even if it means

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News Briefs

“The federal government, in many ways, is bent on limiting the independent role of the media in our democratic system.”

Reed Hundt the war, and you can get fined by an FCC that is politically appointed for the language? [As the lawyer for the broadcast network] are you going to think about whether the political context or content is going to be taken into account by the FCC? “It should never be a concern that a TV broadcaster or journalist or a producer or investigator would think that ‘if I present the reality here and it has something that is arguably indecent, and I never know the rules, I’m much more likely to get fined if the administration doesn’t like the political content.’

“In our country, our glory is that we live the way we want, precisely because we let others live the way we want,” Hundt concluded. “This principle of tolerance is the core value of the First Amendment and is, therefore, the central reason why the government should not punish TV stations for content. It is absolutely the reason that if you all do not graduate from here and become fighters for the First Amendment then you won’t be living in the country that you want to be living in.”

“Mr. Hundt possesses strong beliefs and first-hand knowledge of the interplay between government, expression, and indecency, and isn’t afraid to voice his opinion on controversial topics that affect each one of us as Americans,” said Teddy Schwarzman ‘06, SELS vice president of speakers and events. “His speech seamlessly combined law, politics, ideology, and humor in an informative presentation that made us all think. It was an honor to have him at Duke.” d

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ISRAELI AMBASSADOR DANIEL AYALON

Israeli ambassador discusses prospects for mid-East peace

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PEAKING AT DUKE LAW SCHOOL on March 7, Israel’s ambassador to the United States, The Honorable Daniel Ayalon, said that Israel seeks peace with all its neighbors. He went on to describe peace as more than just a strategic option.

“For us as Jewish people, and for Israel as a country and a democracy, peace is ... a moral obligation. And we are willing to do a lot to make peace—to offer great concessions.” Offering the lasting peace agreements Israel has made with Egypt and Jordan by way of example, Ayalon said Israel would be willing “to take the risks and [make] the peace when we know we have a partner whom we can trust—a partner which is trustworthy, committed to peace, and also willing to make concessions.”

A participant in the Sharem El Sheik, Wye Plantation, and Camp David peace summits, Ayalon expressed cautious optimism that Israel has such a partner in Mahmoud Abbas, who had recently been elected president of the Palestinian Authority. “[He] won a free and fair election ... and called for the end of violence. We hope that he will be

Photo: Tom Mendel / The Chronicle

that they don’t tell the truth, or that they don’t investigate to discover the truth.”

Because the FCC does not rule on indecency in advance of a broadcast, the prospect of high fines can themselves have a “chilling” effect on broadcasters and reporters, Hundt continued, adding that its recent practice of taking months—as opposed to hours or days—to make rulings regarding indecency further restrains expression.

Observing that it took the FCC six months to rule that the feature film “Saving Private Ryan,” with its theme of American heroism in World War II, was not rendered indecent by the inclusion of coarse language, Hundt asked his student audience to consider what would happen if a program involved documentary footage of American soldiers in Iraq criticizing their mission.

“What is inside that show is not just the salty language of the soldiers, but a critique of

followed by his people, we hope that he will have enough power to restructure his own police forces, his own economy, [and] his own political structure, so we can move ahead.” Israel’s proposed disengagement would include the summer’s withdrawal from the Gaza Strip and eventually from a substantial portion of the West Bank. Ayalon was clear, however, in pointing out that peace depends on an end to “Palestinian terror.”

“What we ask from the Palestinians is to make a sustainable effort against terrorists. It isn’t enough to deploy their troops. They have to be proactive in going after the terrorists, in casting a wide net of investigations, arrests, and interrogations.”

Ayalon observed that 1,000 Israelis died in terrorist attacks in the past four years, the proportional equivalent for a country of 6.5 million to the loss of 50,000 American lives. He laid the blame for the bloodshed squarely on Abbas’s predecessor, Yasser Arafat.

“It was a top-down campaign of terrorism which was initiated, instigated, planned, and carried out

by Arafat, whose legacy of bloodshed, terrorism, and missed opportunities was un-matched.”

Even if Abbas succeeds in quelling attacks from Palestinian territory, Ayalon pointed to ongoing threats from Iran and Syria, working through “their proxy,” Hezbollah.

News Briefs “Just as we are beginning to see some traction between us and the Palestinians, they are trying everything to derail the process and to derail the possibility of other progress.”

Ayalon called a nuclear Iran a danger to the entire region that must be stopped, ideally through the efforts of a unified international community, and UN-imposed monitoring and sanctions.

“With political isolation, and with the threat of economic sanctions, I think the Iranians will be much more careful,” said Ayalon. “Iranians are very sensitive and attuned to the international community.”

Returning to the prospects for peace with the Palestinians, Ayalon reiterated Israel’s willingness to release prisoners and retreat from Palestinian cities.

“The moment [the Palestinian Authority] can assume responsibility, we don’t want to be in their

“The moment [the Palestinian Authority] can assume responsibility, we don’t want to be in their cities. We feel that ultimately they can do a much better job than us in fighting the terror.”

Ambassador Daniel Ayalon cities. We feel that ultimately they can do a much better job than us in fighting the terror, because it is their own people—people who live in their midst.

“I think [our] departure from Gaza also should lend itself in a positive way for the Palestinians to take control, and they can show us, and the entire world that they are responsible parties.

They will be free and sovereign to do whatever they can. The international community can help with a massive inflow of cash, but basically, they will have to gain control, so there is one authority there, one roadblock, and ‘one gun’— one security force.”

Responding to a question from the audience, Ayalon cautioned against “rushing forward” with a comprehensive peace plan, as was done in the failed Oslo process.

“I don’t think that if we now frontload the core issues of the permanent status, the peace will properly be served. There is a win-win situation in moving forward whereby the Palestinians can gain sovereignty [and] gain a state for the first time in history.

In the “Roadmap for Peace,” the overriding principle is performance. It is a win-win, where Palestinians can gain full sovereignty over their population with dignity, with economic benefits, and you still have some issues that will have to be [negotiated].”

Ambassador Ayalon’s visit to Duke Law School was sponsored by the Program in Public Law. d

Conference examines strategies used in the war on terrorism

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HE PROGRESS OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM was analyzed in depth during a Duke Law conference on April 7 and 8. “Strategies for the War on Terrorism: Taking Stock” brought together experts from government, academia, the military and intelligence services, and the diplomatic corps to engage in a series of multi-faceted panel discussions on such issues as the roots of extremism in the Muslim world, acceptable parameters for interrogation of “enemy combatants,” the workings of military commissions authorized by the president to prosecute those detained at Guantanamo Bay, and the “sunset” provisions of the USA Patriot Act. Co-sponsored by the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security (LENS) and the Program in Public Law, the conference also featured three remarkable keynote speakers who offered unique insights into the future of the war on terrorism—but little reassurance of an end to the conflict.

“This nation, in my mind, is absoU.S. REP. JANE HARMAN lutely certain to be attacked again,” said James Pavitt, the former deputy director of operations at the CIA and, in that capacity, manager of America’s worldwide clandestine activities. He shared his concern that terrorists could detonate a radiological device in an American city, easily cobbling it together from radioactive medical waste and basic explosives.

“It’s not a device that would kill a lot of people, but it would absolutely send panic throughout our nation.”

Even following the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and the Weapons of Mass Destruction Commission to the letter, however laudable and essential, would not reduce the present risk of attack, Pavitt said. “This is a generational issue. Great progress has been made [but] great amounts of work need to be done.”

In her keynote address, U.S. Rep. Jane Harman, D-Calif., the ranking Democrat on the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, echoed the sentiment that the country remains under threat.

“It’s not a ‘war on terrorism,’ a notion which connotes a finite adversary against whom we will win or lose. We live in an era of terror,” said Harman.

Good intelligence, diplomacy, and public diplo-

macy—“a broader public effort to win the hearts and minds of the Muslim world”—are all necessary to defeat the threat, Harman noted, before launching into a critique of the administration’s policies towards detention and interrogation of terror suspects, the result of its “one-dimensional view” that the United States is embroiled in “simply a ‘war.’”

“People can’t just disappear in America,” she said of the prisoners detained at the U.S. naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. “As the Supreme Court held in Rasul v. Bush, prisoners must have a legal status and the ability to challenge that status.” Holding prisoners like American Jose Padilla, arrested at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport on suspicion of planning the detonation of a “dirty bomb,” and detained without charges and access to counsel at a military facility in South Carolina, also is “inconsistent with our constitutional values,” she continued.

Turning to the now-infamous “torture memos” authored by the Office of Legal Counsel over the past three years, Harman charged that the administration “clings to the view that our laws do not constrain the actions of the commander in chief in wartime.

But in an era of JAMES PAVITT terror, this position breaks down.

Should we suspend our laws forever? Is that really what America wants to stand for?”

Harman outlined draft legislation she is working on along with Harvard professors Philip Heymann and Juliette Kayyem that, she said, attempts to acknowledge both that interrogations are “vital tools” essential to intelligence-gathering, and that torture, and overly coercive interrogation techniques are wrong. She admitted the challenge of striking the right balance, suggesting that a diverse, bipartisan group, including administration officials and civil libertarians, convene to work on a consensus solution. Congress, she argued, must lead the effort.

“Article 1, Section 8 provides that Congress shall make laws concerning captures on land and water. This is our responsibility. This is not the role of the White House, or even the courts. This is the role of Congress.”

The Honorable Nabil Fahmy, Egypt’s ambassador to the United States, offered an international perspective on many of the issues explored during the conference. He cautioned against characterizing the war on terrorism as just “America’s war.”

“It is not [just] an American problem. America

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News Briefs has to understand it is a global power. American interests are global.”

While policing methods such as force and immigration reforms rein in the ideologues and masterminds of terrorism, equal weight must be given to the “footsoldiers” of terrorists, “those that they recruit, [and] the communities from which they recruit,” said Fahmy. He called the rise of antiAmerican sentiment a major problem, as it impedes the ability of governments to deal with terrorists if it causes them to appear to be supporting America.

“The only way to change that is to respond to the concerns of these communities,” he said.

“People can’t just disappear in America. As the Supreme Court held in Rasul v. Bush, prisoners must have a legal status and the ability to challenge that status.”

U.S. Rep. Jane Harman “Whether we are talking about Kashmir, the Middle East peace process, poverty, liberalization and reform, Iraq—all of those issues will factor into the success or failure in the war against terrorism.” He called it a matter of American national interest to help resolve such issues fairly, even as each member of the international community must attend to its own domestic problems. He also called for American introspection, to better understand why it is becoming a target of terrorists.

“You’ll never convince Bin Ladin or [Abu Musab al-] Zarqawi, but you can definitely make a fundamental shift in the sentiments vis-a-vis America that will help create a strong center that would stand up and defend America, defend a western society, defend Egypt ... against terrorists who will come and [claim] that ‘they are not fair about Palestinians and Israelis.’”

Professor Scott Silliman, executive director of LENS and the chief organizer of the conference, was delighted with the level of discourse that went on during the two-day event.

“There is no question that the discussions during the conference informed and refined the public debate on whether the United States has chosen the right strategies and policies in the global war on terrorism,” he said. “All who attended agreed that it was a tremendously productive session. I think it ranks among the very best conferences we have put on over the last 10 years.”

“Strategies for the War on Terrorism: Taking Stock,” was co-sponsored by Duke University’s Sanford Institute for Public Policy and Kenan Institute for Ethics, as well as the Triangle Institute for Security Studies. d

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Conference focuses on Supreme Court reform

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HE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT was called a “gerontocracy” at a Duke Law School conference April 9, likened to the leadership cadre of the Chinese Communist Party. But that party is a step up on the Court, said Northwestern University Law Professor James Lindgren in defending the charge: Its leaders are required to retire at 80, while justices serve for life.

“Reforming the Supreme Court?” brought together top constitutional law and Supreme Court scholars for a spirited discussion of the costs and benefits of life tenure for justices, and an exploration of possible alternatives. Organized by law professors Paul Carrington of Duke and Roger Cramton of Cornell, who have co-authored a statutory proposal to limit Supreme Court terms, the conference was sponsored by the Program in Public Law. Lindgren opened the conference with a look at Court statistics: While the average age of justices at the time of their appointments has long been steady at 53, the average retirement age has risen to 79, up from 68 for those retiring before 1970.

Since 1970, too, the average length of service for justices has jumped from 14.9 years (more or less a constant since 1789) to 25.6 years. Among the reasons offered by participants for justices’ working well into their 70s and 80s: improvements in health care resulting in increased longevity, and a workload in steady decline, partly due to the Court’s power to select the cases it takes—“the certiorari power”—and partly the result of delegation to clerks, whose numbers have quadrupled in the past 60 years.

“It is entirely possible for a justice in decay and decrepitude to grind out opinions with the help of clerks,” alleged Daniel Meador of the University of Virginia.

A return to the 1946 standard of one clerk per justice would heal whatever ails the Court, maintained David Garrow of Emory University Law School, a supporter of life tenure.

“Everyone knows that it would be a better Court if the role of the clerks was dramatically reduced.”

Others found much more to criticize, alleging that justices lose touch with the real world after decades in the Court, and noting that a long drought in vacancies increases the rancor of the confirmation process, and encourages the appointment of youthful, inexperienced idealogues, as well as “strategic retirements” by justices who hang on past their prime in order to give a certain president or party a chance at an appointment. The Supreme Court, it was noted, is unique among American institutions and world courts in placing individuals in office indefinitely.

A number of reform proposals called for justices

to serve 18-year terms on the Supreme Court, rotating on at two-year intervals. That would ensure that most one-term presidents would be able to fill two vacancies.

“Knowing that a vacancy was going to open up at regular intervals would lower the stakes for filling any one vacancy now,” said Steven Calabresi of Northwestern Law School. “Knowing that you were only confirming somebody for an 18-year term, not potentially for a 35-year term, would also lower the stakes greatly.”

On the other hand, countered Ward Farnsworth of Boston University Law School, term limits could embolden presidents to nominate more ideologically extreme nominees who would get waived through the approval process on the theory their extremism would be offset by a later nominee.

“Life tenure and keeping the stakes of the decision very high forces a lot of compromise, and

“There’s nothing in the Constitution that says [justices] serve for life, it says ‘for good behavior.’

Congress can define that in ways that do provide encouragement, inducement and, indeed, even requirements for them to step down at some point.”

Professor Paul Carrington forces more moderate people. That’s exactly why Robert Bork wasn’t confirmed, and why Justice Kennedy was.”

Most of the term-limit proposals contemplated life appointments to the federal judiciary; on the expiration of their Supreme Court terms, justices would take seats on lower courts of appeals.

Whether change would best be accomplished by constitutional amendment or by statute also came up for debate.

“There’s nothing in the Constitution that says they serve for life, it says ‘for good behavior,’” said Carrington. “Congress can define that in ways that do provide encouragement, inducement and, indeed, even requirements for them to step down at some point. The one thing Congress can’t do without violating the good behavior notion is to employ some kind of system which is intended to influence the decision of particular cases.”

The bottom line, he argued, is that requiring a constitutional amendment renders the whole discussion moot. “One of the problems with our Constitution is that it’s very hard to amend.”

News Briefs Quite apart from the deeply held belief by many reform proponents and opponents alike that life terms are constitutionally mandated, and thus require a formal amendment, a number of speakers expressed alarm at giving Congress an opening to tinker with the Court by statute. They repeatedly invoked the controversy over various judicial rulings in the recent Schiavo case.

“Once Congress starts tinkering by statute with the tenure of justices, they’ll be tempted to tinker with it again to change the outcome of cases that they might not like, that the Court would hand down. I don’t want to give Congress that power,” said Calabresi.

Verrill helps Zimbabwe’s Dutch farmers in international arbitration

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While the debate was both fierce and friendly throughout the conference, Cramton was clear that it was intended to produce practical, not theoretical, results.

“We’ve started talking with the Senate Judiciary Committee, and we’re going to have conversations with the staff and try to identify some senators on both sides who might want to support legislative hearings on the topic, so they could hear the kind of debate that’s going on here, as to whether there is a problem that needs attention, and, if so, what could be done about it.” d

eviction with a family of Dutch farmers.

“The War Veterans camped outside the farm gates. They built bonfires, and shouted threats over loudspeakers all night long, driving around in trucks and shooting off guns. It was a rather terrifying experience. The next morning we left.”

Only a small portion—at the most, five-acre plots—of the expropriated farms was ever given to indigenous people, he continued. The vast majority lies fallow, used simply as weekend retreats for government and military loyalists.

The Dutch farmers’ claim is subject to ICSID arbitration pursuant to a bilateral investment treaty between The Netherlands and Zimbabwe, Verrill said.

“This treaty provides that investors from the Netherlands in Zimbabwe are entitled to fair and equitable treatment, and to full security for their investments, both of which rights were violated by this whole episode.” Verrill anticipates the action will take at least another year. Verrill’s lunchtime talk was sponsored by the International Law Society. d

N APRIL 4, Charles Verrill ’62 spoke to Duke Law students about his representation of 14 Dutch farmers, whose farms in Zimbabwe were expropriated by its government, in arbitration before the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Verrill, who heads the international trade practice group at Wiley Rein & Fielding in Washington, D.C., teaches a course in international business transactions at the Law School, and is a member of the Board of Visitors.

Verrill’s clients were among many European expatriates who invested in farms with the encouragement of the government of Zimbabwe, after that country achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980. These farmers were extremely successful, Verrill pointed out—by the late 1990s, Zimbabwe was known as “the bread basket of Africa.” At that point, the government of Robert Mugabe moved to take over the farms, with the stated goal of turning them over to indigenous people.

While Zimbabwe enacted legislation authorizing the expropriation and providing for legal process and compensation for the farmers, Mugabe loyalists circumvented the process. A group of veterans of the war for independence used coercive methods to evict the farmers who, in fact, received no compensation, Verrill explained.

“The ‘War Veterans,’ as they were known, would go to a farm and give the owners a 24- or 48-hour deadline to leave after which they said there would be violence.” He went on to describe his experience of spending the night prior to CHUCK VERRILL ’62

UNIVERSITY COUNSEL D u ke U n i ve r s i t y i n v i t e s nominations and expressions of interest for the position of University Counsel, Duke’s chief legal off icer. T he Universit y Counsel w ill lead an of f ice of experienced legal and administrative personnel. The successful candidate will also be a senior counselor to the President and the Board of Trustees on the broad range of complex issues faced by an international research university with a major medical center and health care system.

Screening of candidates will begin in mid-October and will continue until an appointment is made.

I nqu i r ie s, appl ic at ion s a nd recommendations may be directed in confidence to: John A. Koskinen, Chair University Counsel Search Committee Duke University Box 90030 Durham, NC 27708-0300 Email: counsel-search@duke.edu

Duke University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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News Briefs JOURNAL NEWS

Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy launched

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N MAY, the Law School approved a new student-led journal, its eighth. Sponsored by the Program in Public Law, The Duke Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy is intended to serve as a practical resource for lawyers, judges, and legislators to consult when confronting fresh constitutional issues or constitutional and policy dimensions of new court decisions and legislation.

“It will coordinate wonderfully with the Program in Public Law, which counts informing the legal and larger community on important matters of constitutional law among its primary missions,” said Charles S. Murphy Professor of Law and Public Policy Christopher Schroeder, who directs that program. “The journal takes advantage of a growing interest among Duke Law students in the important public law issues of the day.” Schroeder will serve as faculty advisor to the journal, along with Alston & Bird Professor of Law Erwin Chemerinsky.

“The journal should be an important addition to law reviews in that it will be the first to focus primarily on constitutional law from the perspective of lawyers and judges dealing with cutting edge issues in this field,” said Chemerinsky. “Over time, it has the chance to become a pre-eminent venue for scholarship on constitutional law and litigation.”

Founding Editor-in-Chief Scott Mikkelsen ’06 added that the journal was a perfect fit for a law school with unique faculty strength and broad student interest in constitutional and public law.

“It seemed like we were missing a real opportunity to make our voice more prominent in the legal and academic community, and among our peer institutions. We hope to make an impact in the field immediately.”

In addition to publishing online at regular intervals, the journal will publish a print edition each spring.

Other Law School journals are: Duke Law Journal, Law and Contemporary Problems, Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy, Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum, Duke Law and Technology Review, and Alaska Law Review. d

DLJ considers Internet in agency decision-making

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UKE LAW JOURNAL (DLJ) held its 35th annual administrative law conference on February 25, focusing on the role of the Internet in agency decision-making. Professor Stuart Benjamin moderated the discussion among panelists Zephyr Teachout ’99, a fellow at Harvard Law School’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Cary Coglianese, an associate professor of public policy at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of Government, John de Figuiredo, associate professor of strategic management at MIT’s Sloan School of Management, and Michael Froomkin, a law professor at the University of Miami School of Law. The panelists brought various perspectives to the question—empirical, legal, and practical, considering, among other issues, what challenges and opportunities the rise of the Internet poses to public agencies, and whether e-mail campaigns reflect true grassroots activism.

While citizens can now easily participate in the federal rule-making process through a Web site, www.regulations.gov, Coglianese cautioned against assuming that commentators are necessarily representative of the larger public.

“The comment process is, even in a digitized world, a reactive process. It’s one in which people participate if they know about a rule, they know about the agency, they know when to comment, and

they care about it.” Acknowledging that it “makes sense” for government to be accessible and reachable, and healthy for people to be somewhat involved, “we shouldn’t change or modify administrative law doctrine about public participation,” said Coglianese.

Taking an empirical view, de Figuiredo noted that data shows that interest groups are always involved at a moderate level in issues, and that does not change if electronic filing is an option.

Individuals are more likely to participate, especially when they have a strong feeling about an issue, he said. Like Coglianese, he expressed some concern about putting too much stock in online or e-mailed comments, though.

“How do you know the comment submitted online is not just sent by a worker in China who is paid to generate e-mail through a U.S host?”

Teachout, who directed online operations for Howard Dean’s primary campaign, spoke about using the Internet as an organizational, as opposed to informational, tool. “Use of the Internet and email does allow rule-makers to hear a story,” she said. She also addressed how certain aspects of the Federal Elections Commission operations may have been affected by the Internet. The event was cosponsored by Dewey Ballentine and the American Constitution Society. d

Law and Contemporary Problems: The Impact of Behavioral Genetics on Criminal Law

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HE NASCENT SCIENCE of behavioral genetics and its implications in criminal cases was the subject of a conference organized by Duke’s Law and Contemporary Problems (L&CP) on April 8 and 9. Nita Farahany ’04, a key conference organizer and special editor, with Professor James Coleman, of the upcoming L&CP volume of conference papers, explained that its goal was to help inform the discussion of how behavioral genetics might be used in the criminal context, and debate whether it should be used at all.

Behavioral genetics is a population science, Farahany explained, looking at variance in expressed behavior in populations.

“If you see variance in violence in a population, for example, behavioral genetics studies to what degree the violence is attributable to differences in biology, as opposed to differences in environment.” Behavioral genetics has been introduced in criminal cases for a variety of reasons, she said: to bolster an insanity defense, as a separate defense to excuse criminal conduct, to argue

that a violent act was involuntary because the defendant was predisposed to act violently or aggressively, or to argue that a defendant was unable to form the requisite mens rea to commit the offense charged.

“Behavioral genetics has been used in a variety of different ways, but there has not been a thoughtful discussion as to how it should be introduced, and what it can actually tell us.”

Conference speakers and participants approached the topic from perspectives rooted in genetics science and policy, criminal law, criminal responsibility, and constitutional law, addressing behavioral genetics in the context of such issues as addiction, criminal responsibility, juvenile justice, and predictions of future dangerousness.

The conference was co-sponsored by the Institute of Genome Sciences and Policy’s Center for Genome Ethics, Law, and Policy, and the American Bar Association’s Science and Technology Section.

Papers from the conference will be published in Law and Contemporary Problems later this fall. d

WEBCASTS of both “The Role of the Internet in Agency Decision-Making” and “The Impact of Behavioral Genetics on Criminal Law” are available at http://www.law.duke.edu/webcast/

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

News Briefs {Meredith and Kip Frey Lecture in Intellectual Property}

Samuelson discusses “Enriching Discourse on the Public Domain”

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T

HE FIFTH ANNUAL Meredith and Kip Frey Lecture in Intellectual Property featured internationally renowned scholar Pamela Samuelson. Among other accolades, Samuelson is a past recipient of the prestigious “genius grant” from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and has been named one of the Wall Street Journal’s 11 technology pioneers and one of the National Law Journal’s 100 most influential lawyers in the U.S. Samuelson is a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, with a joint appointment to the School of Information Management and Systems and the School of Law. Professor Samuelson opened by celebrating the “exceptional contributions” of the Duke Law intellectual property faculty to public domain discourse through scholarship, major conferences, and new institutions that have catalyzed study of the public domain.

At Duke Law’s seminal Conference on the Public Domain in November 2001, Samuelson presented a “map” of the public domain that defined it as “information resources that were unencumbered by intellectual property rights.” Samuelson explained: “The map assumed there was one public domain, namely the one that I mapped.”

When she later reflected on this map, however, a “profound shift” occurred as she began to accept that “there isn’t one public domain, there are many public domains.” Just as “property” has different meanings – from Blackstone’s sole and despotic dominion to Hohfeld’s bundle of rights – so should the “public domain.”

Samuelson catalogued several different conceptions of the public domain. As she described, some scholars focus on the legal status of information resources when defining the public domain. Their public domain would include “IP-free” information resources such as facts and ideas, which do not qualify for intellectual property rights, or Mozart symphonies, in which these rights have expired.

It would also include resources that are “not yet privatized,” such a therapeutic gene sequence that has not yet been patented, or “google” prior to the founding of the search engine firm.

Other scholars focus on whether resources are “broadly usable” or “publicly accessible” in a practical sense, rather than their legal status.

Under their definitions, the public domain could include copyrighted material on the Internet that is made available for public use, but might not include a painting that is no longer copyrighted,

Business Law Society holds third annual career symposium

PROFESSOR PAMELA SAMUELSON

but is locked in an attic and therefore unavailable. It might also include resources that are in “contractually constructed commons,” such as open source software and material under Creative Commons licenses. These resources are protected by intellectual property rights, but those rights are used as grounds for contractual conditions that ensure availability.

Samuelson also explored other public domain definitions, and concluded that there are numerous benefits to the increasingly “rich and nuanced” conceptions from public domain scholars. Among these benefits, “multiple public domains” help to “articulate the positive values of the public domain,” Samuelson said. These values include: providing the building blocks (facts, ideas, information, scientific principles) for creation of new knowledge, enabling competitive imitation and follow-on innovation, enabling low cost access to information, ensuring access to cultural heritage, and promoting deliberative democracy.

The broad-ranging scholarship can also help to safeguard the public domain, or “public domains.” In Samuelson’s words: “By emphasizing these positive functions and values, public domain scholars have not only transformed discourse about public domains, but also offered an array of ideas about how and why to preserve and protect them.”

Professor Samuelson’s lecture, “Enriching Discourse on the Public Domain,” will be published in Duke Law Journal in February 2006. d –Jennifer Jenkins ’96

N FEBRUARY 11, over 145 students took advantage of the opportunity to tap into the knowledge and experience of 30 business lawyers and leaders, 22 of them Duke Law alumni, at “ESQ.,” the Business Law Society’s third annual Career Symposium. Structured as a series of seminars and small-group sessions, the event helped students interested in business law gain a better understanding of the field.

“There are a lot of questions that a student might not ask in an interview setting, or even at a firm,” observed Amy Yeung ’06, who chaired the organizing committee. “With ESQ. we tried to provide as many opportunities as possible for frank interaction between students and practitioners, so that students could learn about different practice areas.”

“ESQ. was one of the truly outstanding events of the school year,” said Bruce Elvin ’93, assistant dean of career services. “The excitement and scope of the event are a tribute to the culture of Duke Law School and the amazing abilities of our students when they take ownership of their passions. Organizers Amy Yeung and Brian Ward ’06 and their classmates are to be commended for their efforts, as are Samantha Ferris ’05 and Keri Richardson ’05 who set the event on its current trajectory [in 2004].”

The small group conversations continued over a lunch sponsored by the law firm Paul Hastings, and the whole event was free to students thanks to the support of the law firms Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, and Moore & Van Allen, and the Duke Global Capital Markets Center. “ESQ. 2006” will take place on Friday, February 10, 2006. d Thanks to the alumni who attended ESQ.: Carolyn Zander Alford T’89 Daniel S. Bowling III ’80 Erik Belenky ’97 Antonio Braz ’86 Robert E. Harrington ’87 James Hedrick, Jr. ’94 Michael Hoffman ’89 Winston Henderson ’96 Katherine Kessler ’93 Patricia Lehtola ’84 Thomas Magill ’76 Gray McCalley ’79 Mark Mirkin ’84 Steven Naclerio ’71 John Nurkin ’94 Therence Pickett ’91 Shefali Shah ’96 Alexander Simpson ’93 Carol B. Stubblefield ’92 Lovita Tandy ’96 Glenn Tucker ’80 Terry Tucker ’04

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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News Briefs {Rabbi Seymour Siegel Memorial Lecture in Ethics}

PROFESSOR WILLIAM SIMON

Simon discusses the crisis of the profession in the post-Enron era

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ROFESSOR WILLIAM SIMON examined changes and challenges to the legal profession in the post-Enron era when he delivered the fourth annual Rabbi Seymour Siegel Memorial Lecture in Ethics at the Law School on March 3. Professor Simon is the Arthur Levitt professor of law at Columbia University and a noted scholar in the areas of professional responsibility and social policy.

Simon focused his attention on the profession’s “rigid and befuddled” response to recent federal reforms, particularly regulations in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that require lawyers to report

managerial wrongdoing up the corporate chain of command, and IRS tax shelter regulations that require lawyers who prepare tax shelters to disclose client lists to the IRS. Because these reforms focus on public responsibility, they conflict with the duties of client loyalty and confidentiality that are traditionally emphasized by state ethics codes as a means of encouraging clients to seek legal assistance, he said.

Formalism—“the doctrine that only the letter of the law and not its spirit is binding”—is a professional ideal for many lawyers, but a troubling ethical area, according to Simon.

“Formalism increases lawyers’ room to maneuver and the range of things they can do for clients.

Yet formalism undermines the bar’s claim that lawyering for private clients serves the public interest. If the ‘compliance’ that lawyers induce means only conformity to the law’s literal terms, we have no reason to consider it of social value.”

The confusing treatment of organizational clients by rules of professional responsibility also creates problems, Simon contended.

“The bar’s norms of practice have tended to speak of clients as if they were individuals. They have thus tended to ignore the internal conflicts of interest that differentiate organizational from individual clients. Lawyers have a strong tendency to identify their corporate clients with management.

They know that in principle the corporation is not the same thing as its management. But they have no clear conception of what else it could be.”

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Katharine Buchanan Duke Law School Alumni and Development Office buchanan@law.duke.edu (919) 613-7217 Science Drive & Towerview Road Box 90389 Durham, NC 27708-0389

This ambiguity, along with rules instructing a lawyer to regard management as having the authority to speak for a corporation, often causes lawyers to conflate an organization and its management, Simon observed. In fact, he added, securities lawyers opposed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the ground that it would interfere with client loyalty.

Simon criticized the bar for failing to adjust quickly to new regulatory realities, and urged lawyers to embrace the era of “new governance.”

“Until the profession comes to terms with these issues, it will not be able to respond plausibly to the changing circumstances of its business clients and the regimes that regulate them. The new circumstances present opportunities as well as risks for lawyers, but both opportunities and risks require reconsideration of longstanding positions and practices.

“The newer approach has the best promise of vindicating the bar’s claim that its service to private clients furthers public interests. The high road [is] the most difficult in the short run but the one with the most promise for the profession and its role in society.”

The annual Rabbi Seymour Siegel Memorial Lecture in Ethics is sponsored by labor lawyer and Senior Lecturing Fellow Allen Siegel ’60, in honor of his brother, who died in 1988. Rabbi Siegel was a noted scholar in the areas of ethics, particularly medical ethics, and theology. d –Caroline Sykes ’05

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News Briefs Community Enterprise Clinic co-sponsors conference on social enterprise

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UKE LAW SCHOOL’S Community Enterprise Clinic (CEC) and the Center for the Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE) at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business teamed up June 1 to help nonprofit organizations understand how they can use business strategies to help support their charitable endeavors, co-sponsoring a one-day “Conference on Social Enterprise.”

The conference attracted nonprofit managers, philanthropic leaders, and institutional moneymanagers from across the Carolinas, with interest largely fueled by the fact that more and more nonprofits are trying to find new ways to finance their operations.

“The reality is that a lot of government and foundation funding is being cut back,” said Clinical Professor Andrew Foster, director of CEC, which provides pro-bono legal services to nonprofit organizations and low-wealth entrepreneurs.

“Many nonprofits must decide on appropriate business plans for sustaining their charitable work, and these choices involve significant legal issues as well as business questions. The conference was intended to begin a conversation about how social enterprise can be used effectively as a tool, both to support organizational sustainability, but also social change.”

Because business development is so hard— the numbers of business failures far outweigh successes—alignment between an organization’s charitable mission and any business is key, CASE Faculty Director Gregory Dees told attendees in his keynote address. CASE is one of the leading academic research centers on social entrepreneurship.

“The businesses that are going to have a greater chance of success are those that build on your strengths, your assets, your resources, and your capabilities. And in the end, [a social enterprise] makes sense only if it helps you make greater mission impact. It’s got to help you serve your mission, either by generating money that can be used for mission purposes, or by serving the mission directly.” As an example of the latter situation, Dees pointed to a Durhambased residential substance abuse treatment program that runs a number of businesses staffed and managed by its residents; the businesses provide an income stream for the nonprofit, and also directly serve its rehabilitation mission by providing residents with job training and work experience.

A clear majority of the Court distinguished on a number of counts the petitioners in Rasul—14 foreign nationals detained in Afghanistan and held at Guantanamo Naval Base in Cuba—from those in Eisentrager on a number of counts. Sentelle highlighted two findings of both the majority and Justice Kennedy in his concurring opinion: that Guantanamo Bay was under the clear sovereign control of the United States, whereas the Eisentrager aliens never entered U.S. jurisdiction; and that unlike the armed conflicts of the past, the war on terror may have no clear end, resulting in the indefinite detention of combatants.

“Even the government concedes that given [its] unconventional nature, the current conflict is unlikely to end with a formal cease-fire agreement. How will we know when the war on terror has ended?” asked Sentelle.

Whatever the distinction, said Sentelle, with Rasul—and to some extent with Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, which was decided at the same time—the Court stepped into an area previously seen as the purview of the political branches of government.

“The majority in Rasul may not state that much National security: The has changed in the balance of power between the changing role of the courts judiciary and the political branches with respect to national security, but Justice Kennedy, in concurN APRIL 13, JUDGE DAVID SENTELLE of the rence, and Justices Scalia, Rehnquist and Thomas D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals shared his in dissent establish that much has changed, for perspective on how the role of the courts has better or worse,” said Sentelle. “Justice Kennedy changed in the sphere of national security, givthinks the circumstances warrant the change, but ing a lunchtime talk sponsored by the Federalist the dissenters find it so disturbing that they don’t Society. Sentelle is a member of Duke Law think its worthy of change. [They] say that Rasul School’s Board of Visitors. extends the habeas statute for the first time to The June 2004 U.S. Supreme Court decision aliens detained beyond the sovereign territory of in Rasul v. Bush, in particular, “represents the United States, and beyond the territorial jurisa departure from the general understanding diction of its courts. among judges of the law of habeas corpus as “I don’t suggest that the power of the presiapplied to enemy aliens in extra territorial condent as commander in chief, or the joint role of the president and Congress in the conduct of military affairs has been wiped out by Rasul, or even

by Rasul and Hamdi together, but I think Justice Kennedy and Judge David Sentelle the dissent make it very plain that it has been diminished. It has been invaded,” said finement, at least since 1950,” said Sentelle.

Sentelle, going on to discuss recent contrastHe reviewed in detail the Court’s 1950 deciing decisions in the D.C. Circuit which will come sion in Johnson v. Eisentrager, which held that before the Supreme Court in the coming term. federal courts lack the jurisdiction to grant “Whether this is a good thing or a bad thing, will habeas relief to detainees in wartime, finding be a subject of long debate. But it’s a real thing, instead that “the military had jurisdiction to and I think that’s indisputable.” d confine, accuse, and condemn enemy aliens.”

Dees highlighted the importance of a business plan for any social enterprise, but pointed out that few ventures unfold exactly as anticipated.

“You have to adapt as you go, and perseverance is crucial. Think of it as a process of discovery. Set milestones to test this concept.

In most cases you can move into the venture in a way that manages risks and tests the assumptions that you’re making.”

A series of breakout sessions focused on such issues as strategic planning, marketing strategies, and the legal implications of a nonprofit’s involvement in a business venture. Participants also got to hear from a panel of nonprofit managers about their experiences with entrepreneurial endeavors.

Financial support for the conference was provided by The North Carolina Community Development Initiative, The Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation, Wachovia Bank, and the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation. The North Carolina Center for Non-Profits, North Carolina State University Institute for Nonprofits, and the Duke Certificate Program in Non-Profit Management also served as sponsors. d

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“Even the government concedes that given [its] unconventional nature, the current conflict is unlikely to end with a formal cease-fire agreement. How will we know when the war on terror has ended?”

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN BY

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

THE LAW SCHOOL CELEBRATES MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT, AND LOOKS TO THE FUTURE

LI XIAOMING

LI

XIAOMING ’90 is the managing partner of the Beijing office of White

& Case, with a practice focused on general corporate and structured finance, and mergers and acquisitions. His clients include international enterprises with business interests in China, as well as Chinese corporations operating in the global marketplace. Currently representing a Chinese bank in extending finance to the purchasers of Chinese telecom equipment, Li is wrapping up a series of transactions in Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Bangladesh, after which he will handle transactions in Poland, Russia, and France.

Li’s thriving international practice is a testament to his legal skill as well as evidence of what China is today: a global economic powerhouse. Yet when he enrolled at Duke Law School in 1987—grabbing an “irresistible offer” of a full scholarship equivalent to 10 years worth of his salary as deputy secretary general for China’s arbitration commission—Li’s choice of study met with some condescension from Chinese students in other Duke schools, expressed during their Saturday morning soccer games.

“Their assumption was that only underachievers would study law, because all the smartest were in the sciences. They assumed that if I planned to go back to China, the law was useless,” Li explains.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA He admits to sharing their skepticism.

More than a decade after the end of the Cultural Revolution, China was still making its first moves towards a socialist market economy, and its legal infrastructure was in its infancy. In 1982, when Li received his undergraduate degree, only about 80–90 lawyers graduated in all of China. There were no private law firms until 1984. And it would not have been the inclination of most Chinese to engage lawyers at that time in any event.

“If they had a problem, they would probably go to their boss, or to the government

authorities, and they would seek a political, as opposed to a legal, solution. A legal way of solving problems was not available. Courts were not equipped to solve civil disputes.”

Today, Li, says with a laugh, “the Chinese love going to court. They are more litigious than Americans.” There’s no shortage of representation either; Li estimates that there may be as many as 2,000 law schools in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As for his own success, Li attributes it largely to that “irresistible” opportunity of a scholarship to attend Duke.

WINSTON (JIUSU) ZHAO ‘88

A L Managing partner, Jones Day, Shanghai U M Zhao is a specialist in cross-border transactions and international securities. After his graduation from Duke, he joined Coudert N Brothers in New York, transferring to its Hong Kong office in 1991. Moving to Clifford Chance the following year, he relocated to I its Shanghai office in 1995, and joined Jones Day in 1999.

R E F L E C T I O N S

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MY GENERATION GREW UP during the Cultural Revolution. Between 1966, when I was 12, and 1978, I had just one year of education. It was due to self-study that I was able to go to college.

At that time a JD was not available to Chinese students. This changed when I was 31, and I left for Duke in 1985 – it was my first trip overseas, and my first trip on an airplane. When I arrived in the United States, the culture shock was huge!

I found that on each page [of every textbook] I counted a hundred or so new words and expressions; when you then consider each course has at least 20 to 25 pages of reading assignments, and that each semester had four or five courses, I had to learn a lot of new words and expressions very fast! Many words and expressions have no direct translation to Chinese, as well – there is a huge difference in social, cultural, economic, and historical systems.

I still remember vividly my first course, torts, taught by Professor Robertson, a retired navy officer with a strong southern accent. The first week I thought I understood 60 percent [of his lecture], the second week 70 percent, the third week 80 percent, but then in the fourth week I couldn’t understand anything.

I went to speak to Professor Robertson and asked, “What has gone wrong?” He said, “Congratulations, Winston.” I asked him, “Why?” Professor Robertson explained, “What you tried to do was put the words together and simply calculated them – so you thought

Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

you understood but you didn’t. Now you have realized that you need to see beyond the words and then you can understand.”

This gave me some confidence.

The combination of all of these obstacles made my getting a law degree a formidable task – which makes me extremely proud to have made it to where I am today. My education at Duke fundamentally changed my perception, particularly with concepts such as "innocent until proven guilty." It had a profound effect on the way I operate, in doing justice and in becoming a person who thinks rationally, instead of just looking at the facts. It also gave me the highest level of professionalism – the way I deal with clients and in the way I approach my work in every way.

During the baccalaureate ceremony at the Duke Chapel, I felt a tingle down my spine – I really felt like a professional. I still vividly remember it now.

In addition to my daily practice and administrative work, I also teach at various Chinese law schools. I use the Socratic method on real Chinese cases to help pass my knowledge, and experience on to the upand-coming lawyers of the future. My Duke education has not only helped my professional development, but now my teaching is helping Chinese students and will, hopefully, impact China’s legal reform in the years to come.

“Without Duke Law School, I would not be who and where I am today.”

Li, a life member of the Law School’s Board of Visitors, hosted a reception for fellow alumni, faculty, and their families at his new Beijing office on June 9 to kick off their 10-day tour of his country. Organized to mark 20 years since the first Chinese law student graduated from Duke, the tour celebrated the outreach, initiatives, and achievements of Law School alumni and faculty in China over that period. In addition to taking in such marvels of ancient China as the Great Wall and the Terra Cotta Warriors of Xian, the Duke Law contingent got a firsthand look at China’s current prosperity: construction cranes dotting the landscape, state-of-the-art office buildings and four-star hotels transforming the skylines of Beijing and Shanghai, new cars crowding the roads.

With a conference at Tsinghua University exploring issues relating to intellectual property protection, corporate governance, and investing in China, the tour offered an in-depth look at where China is today, and the opportunities and challenges that exist in law and legal education.

“The trip was absolutely fascinating,” says Board of Visitors member Candace Carroll ’74. “We not only learned about China’s rich history, but a great deal about China as she is today.” Board of Visitors Chairman Peter Kahn ’76 agrees.

“For the Law School it was a wonderful way to strengthen our existing partnerships in China with law schools and law firms, and hopefully establish new ones, all with the goal of enhancing our academic scholarship, research, recruiting, and placement in the region. For the Board of Visitors it was an excellent opportunity to evaluate our international programming up close.

And more generally for the alumni, faculty, and family members who participated, it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to begin to understand a society we know little about, and do it with a group of spirited friends from Duke.”

Since 1985, dozens of lawyers have graduated from Duke Law School who now practice in China, or who have strong professional—and personal—ties to the PRC. They include partners with large international and domestic Chinese firms, such as Li, who have enjoyed extraordinary

DUKE LAW IN CHINA

XIANPING WANG REGULARLY LECTURES AT CHINESE UNIVERSITIES.

success. To name just a few who took part in Duke Law School’s summer events: Ma Hongli ’89, managing partner of Jun He Law Office in Shanghai, China’s largest domestic firm (which also hosted a reception for the Duke Law group); Danian Zhang ’89, the managing partner of Baker & McKenzie’s Shanghai office; Winston Zhao ’88, the managing partner of Jones Day in Shanghai; and Zhang Xuebing ’98, the managing partner of Beijing’s Zhonglun Jintong and one of China’s leading real estate and property development lawyers. Alumni who practice internationally with strong connections to the PRC include Xianping Wang ’91, whose Alexandria, Virginia based firm, Garfinkle & Wang Associates, is integrally involved with China’s aviation and energy sectors, among others; Yan Xuan ’87, vice president of corporate and business development for Oracle Corporation; and Kenji Kuroda ’89, founding partner of Kuroda Law and Patent Offices in Tokyo, whose Shanghai office was recently opened by Sumiko Kayano ’01.

Duke Law graduates with ties to the PRC also include academics and policymakers. Professor Gao Xiqing ’86, who

“LAWYERS ARE PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE, WHICH YOU COULD NOT HAVE PREDICTED YEARS AGO. THEY ARE IMPORTING NEW CONCEPTS— WESTERN LEGAL CONCEPTS—TO CHINA, AND ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE PRC LOCAL BUSINESS COMMUNITY AND THE FOREIGNERS DOING BUSINESS THERE.” XIANPING this year received the Law School’s International Alumni Award, and who returns annually to lecture at Duke, has been a particularly influential reformer—a key figure in China’s development as a capital market and now, as vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, in charge of managing his country’s pension reserves. (See profile, page 22.)

“We are very proud of our Chinese graduates, who are leaders in the legal system in China, helping to shape the course of this ambitious country in a positive way,” says Duke Law School Dean Katharine Bartlett.

BUILDING A PROGRAM Professor Jonathan Ocko has been teaching classes in Chinese law and society at the Law School since the early 1980s. A scholar of Chinese history, he started traveling

to China in 1982, shortly after Chairman Deng Xiaoping sanctioned the end of the country’s extreme isolation. China, says Ocko, started rebuilding its legal system from scratch in the late 1970s, looking all over the world for sources of law. “[T]hey borrowed from civil law countries like Taiwan and Japan, and for their property law, they borrowed from the German Civil Code. Laws relating to public and private international law often show a stronger Anglo-American influence.

“It is a process that is still ongoing. First the Chinese had to establish a legal framework, and then build a cohort of judges and lawyers trained in the legal framework.”

It was against that backdrop that thenDean Paul Carrington was contacted, in 1980, by the first Chinese student seeking admission. Shi Xi-min ’85, a graduate of China’s University of Foreign Economic Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA “I WAS GENUINELY EXCITED ABOUT THE PROSPECT THAT WE WOULD BE REACHING OUT. THIS WAS A NEAT THING FOR DUKE TO DO—CONNECT ITSELF WITH A REAL ISSUE IN THE WORLD THAT WOULD HAVE A LONG AND LASTING IMPACT.”

DANIAN ZHANG ’89

Senior partner and chief representative, Baker & McKenzie, Shanghai Zhang practices in the areas of cross-border counseling, mergers and acquisitions, general commercial, WTO, and international trade regulations and customs.

LOOKING AHEAD, for international law firms such as Baker & McKenzie, mergers and acquisitions is one of the growth areas in China.

Every year, many international companies come to invest in the PRC, some for taking advantage of its relatively cheap labor force, while others [seek to enter] the Chinese market. Instead of setting up a presence from scratch, more and more foreign investors are showing an interest in acquiring existing businesses with acceptable records. Intellectual property will be another growth area and outbound investment by large PRC companies such as Lenovo, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, and Haier Group, is also on the rise. In summary, there has been increasing demand for international lawyers in China to advise on cross-border transactions.

In addition to the above, dispute resolution, construction and securities are also attracting more attention.

To be honest, without receiving the fine legal education from Duke Law School, I cannot imagine that I could achieve what I have achieved today. I have always been very grateful for Duke’s generous financial support provided to the Chinese students at that time and the high-quality legal education I received from Duke. At Baker & McKenzie’s Hong Kong and Chinese offices, other than myself, we have also other lawyers who have graduated from Duke, and we are all very proud of being alumni. We highly appreciate the dean, the board members and other professors of Duke Law School’s recent visit to Beijing and Shanghai and their meeting with Duke Law School alumni in both cities.

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NEW CONSTRUCTION IN SHANGHAI

A L U M N I R E F L E C T I O N S

Relations and Trade, arrived in 1982, after a year-and-a-half of diplomatic wrangling with Chinese and dubious American authorities, and the eventual intervention of former President Richard Nixon ’37.

Carrington waived tuition, funding Shi as a Nixon Scholar with an endowment from the President’s classmates. He then arranged for Shi’s living accommodations, a modified first-year curriculum, and a summer job with Nixon’s New York firm, Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon. (See Carrington’s essay, “Duke Law in China: A Remembrance,” excerpt, page 24.)

In the fall of 1983, an undergraduate classmate of Shi’s, Gao Xiqing, also was admitted with a full scholarship. Gao was already in the United States, working as an intern with Graham & James in its San Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Los Angeles offices. Although Gao is remembered for his initiative as a student at the Law School, he recalls his culture shock at encountering the American system.

“In China, you’d show up to school, and the professor would tell you exactly what you were going to do, then give you books, pens, notebooks—everything. It never occurred to me to go to the bulletin board to see what the professor wanted us to do in

advance of the class.

“My first class was property law, with [the late] Professor Bertel Sparks. I went to class empty-handed, and looked around.

Everyone else had an enormous book with them. Immediately, Professor Sparks started talking about some case, speaking in legal jargon. So for the whole hour, I had no clue what was going on.” Gao recalls struggling to keep up—and getting very little sleep—during his first several months of law school.

The Law School established more formal ties with China and Chinese legal institutions following a visit in 1983 by an official from the Ministry of Education and the dean of the People’s University Law School (Ren Da) in Beijing, and Carrington’s first recruiting trip to China—at their invitation—in the summer of 1984. With Ocko also conducting interviews during his regular trips, screening prospective students for their English language proficiency, the Law School found itself with an ever-increasing number of Chinese students entering the JD program through the 1980s. A high of 15 entered in 1987.

Although the PRC paid airfare for some of these students, none of them paid tuition. Carrington instead recruited

DUKE LAW IN CHINA a law firm sponsor for each student; the students worked for their sponsors for two summers, with the Law School receiving sufficient funds in return to cover the students’ living expenses through the year.

Many firms had an alumni connection to the Law School, and viewed their sponsorships as a contribution to the public interest, Carrington explains.

“It was not hard to convince American lawyers that a country having almost no lawyers badly needed some.”

Judy Horowitz, associate dean for international studies, recalls some of the practical challenges involved in providing comprehensive support to a relatively large number of students “far from home, many without their spouses and children, most with little or no previous legal training, some with limited English ability, and all new to the complexities of America and American education.” She recalls, for instance, the challenge property law posed for students essentially unfamiliar with the concept; one bright student, she says, managed to defer taking it until his third year.

The faculty was, by and large, supportive of Carrington’s establishment of a “China program.” Brainerd Currie Professor of Law James Cox, whose classes in securities law have always been particularly popular with Chinese students, was a champion from the start.

“I was genuinely excited about the prospect that we would be reaching out. This was a neat thing for Duke to do—connect itself with a real issue in the world that would have a long and lasting impact. And I think everybody understood that a country that was going to be other than just a third-world country had to have economic development, so their students would have a keen interest in learning as much as they could about commercial and corporate transactions in particular.”

ESTABLISHING AN EXCHANGE In the mid-’80s, People’s University offered to host a group of Duke Law students for a year as part of its first exchange program.

Dan Scheinman ’87 recalls “begging” Carrington to send him as a 2L. “I believed that we were entering the age of the rise of Asia. China was just begin-

ning to liberalize, and I wanted to witness it,” says Scheinman. It had an enormous impact on his life—he met his wife in Beijing, and made a number of lifelong friends—and his career goals; while he had originally planned to become a litigator, he saw new possibilities in business law.

“When I got to China, I recognized that there were things that had a global impact.

One of them was technology. The other was being versant in the ‘global conversation.’ I saw the power that technology had. At the time, Hewlett Packard was just opening in China and [employing] a lot of people, and I realized that sometimes business had more power to do positive things in the world than government. The role that technology and companies had the potential to play in China’s awakening and liberation was really fascinating to me.”

Now senior vice president for corporate development of Cisco, Scheinman’s company has a large base of operations in China, which he describes as “the global market.” He hopes that law students are paying attention.

“Today everybody needs to be aware of China, because it is going to impact every aspect of our economic life—everything from the rise in gas prices to what jobs people will be doing.”

In fact, China is very much on the radar screens of American law students as they plan their careers. Sara Wickware ’06, who worked for Jones Day in Shanghai in 2004, noted that almost all of the 15 students enrolled in Ocko’s seminar on Chinese law and society last fall had spent time in the PRC; some planned to return.

Students are not the only ones who have benefited from the Law School’s ties to China; various Duke Law faculty have taught in Chinese institutions over the years. As a member of the Council on Legal Education Exchange with China (CLEEC), formed in 1985 to connect major American law schools to suitable Chinese applicants for admission, Carrington first taught prospective students in a two-week program in Manchuria that year.

James B. Duke Professor of Law George Christie, who first went to China with a delegation from the American Bar Association in 1978, lectured on products liability law in Beijing and taught a four-week course in American tort law at Fudan University in Shanghai in 1985.

KENJI KURODA ’89

Founding Partner, Kuroda Law Offices, Tokyo and Shanghai

A L U M N I

Kuroda practices internationally, with a specialty in patents and mergers and acquisitions. He has been active in China throughout his career, and in December 2004, Kuroda’s first partner, Sumiko Kayano ’01, opened Kuroda Law Office in Shanghai.

WHEN I WAS a first-year associate at a Tokyo firm 19 years ago, I strongly felt that China would become one of the largest markets for Japan as well as the United States. Mr. Deng Xiaoping had changed his national policy and, judging from the size of the country, I thought that China would be the most successful country for the next generation.

I studied Chinese language and law independently. At Duke I arranged to have a Chinese roommate, and sought out the Chinese law students to work on my language skills. There were many fine students that came from mainland China. I shared a wonderful time with them and became even more confident in the future of that country because those students were excellent.

After working as an intern in the summer of 1989 at Johnson, Stokes & Master, the largest Hong Kong firm, I studied Chinese investment law at Fudan University for a year.

I was at Duke at the time of the Tiananmen massacre. We all understood how terrible it was, but I also felt that the situation would improve.

I started my firm 10 years ago with one secretary and one Chinese paralegal, and found a good market for my expertise in Chinese law. Many of my clients are Japanese corporations and financial institutions doing joint-ventures and mergers and acquisitions in China. Today we have more than 80 staff in Tokyo and Shanghai, including eight Chinese attorneys and eight Chinese paralegals.

We have probably handled the highest volume of Chinese work among all Japanese law firms.

Practicing in China is not without risk. Chinese laws and regulations are always changing. For instance, foreign companies cannot operate as business entities. Those firms have to restrict themselves to very limited activities and areas, and are expected to practice the laws of their home countries. There is a risk, too, if China changes its policies towards openness. But I don’t think that will happen—even changes in leadership take place seamlessly. The younger generations put more emphasis on the economy, as opposed to political struggles or other factors.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA “One subject that aroused considerable interest was the awarding of damages for emotional distress, which sparked an extended discussion of how to value human life,” he recalls. Christie returned to China in 1995 for a series of lectures to university and bar association audiences in Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu.

In February 1999, Duke and Tsinghua Law Schools signed a memorandum of understanding to partner in an exchange of faculty, students, and scholarly projects. In the Fall 1999 term, Chunyan Fan ’00 of Tsinghua

Columbia Law School.

While the faculty, headed by then-Dean Pamela Gann ’75, still strongly supported the mission of the Law School to help develop the legal system and profession in China, it decided, to cut back the numbers of Chinese students admitted to and supported by the School. Through the 1990s, scholarships were extended to about three JD students and one LLM student annually. In the early 1990s, Gann also ended the policy of having law firms that employed Chinese students in summers make payments directly

“OUR ALUMNI HAVE GONE BACK, THEY’VE LECTURED, THEY’VE BROUGHT THEIR SKILLS BACK, AND THEY’VE BROUGHT THE MODELS OF HOW TO DO BUSINESS AND LAW BACK WITH THEM. IN THE LONG RUN, THEY HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE.”

NIU WENJIE ’05

taught a Chinese law course at Duke, and the Global Capital Markets Center held a major international conference on corporate governance issues in China at Tsinghua. Professor Thomas Metzloff and David Warren ’64, who had taught environmental law at Tsinghua in 1998 as a Fulbright Scholar and again in 1999 and 2001, coordinated an experiment in distance learning: Tsinghua students studied distinctive aspects of the American legal system, such as First Amendment protections, capital punishment, and affirmative action, which corresponded to emerging issues in China.

TIANANMEN SQUARE BRINGS CHANGES The student pro-democracy protests in Beijing in May 1989—and the central government’s violent suppression of them—changed the way Duke Law’s China program was administered, says Horowitz.

“From the spring of 1989 on, the scrutiny of Chinese students admitted to study in the U.S. became very severe, and obtaining a visa at the U.S. consulate meant overcoming a major hurdle.” Only one Chinese student joined the LLM class of 1990, although two more transferred into the JD program from the LLM program at

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to the School; they instead paid the students directly, and Gann simply asked those students to make suitable contributions, at their own discretion, once they graduated and were in the work force. Most have done exactly that with some, like Li and Xianping Wang, who has served as a member of the board of directors of the Duke Law Alumni Association, also assuming leadership roles within the alumni community.

As China has become more prosperous, so have the Chinese applicants to the Law School, Horowitz observes. Starting in the late 1990s, an increasing number of applicants had sound legal training and solid work experience, and most could pay their own tuition; a member of the Board of Visitors helps support some worthy students who need assistance.

It had always been the hope of the Law School that most of its Chinese students would return home to China after graduation or a few years of work at an American firm, but Tiananmen Square had a chilling effect for some; they temporarily lost confidence in China’s commitment to openness and reform. While it was somewhat difficult for them to find jobs with American firms due to the frosty state of U.S.-China relations at that time, the U.S. government

granted extensions of all student visas, allowing the Chinese graduates to stay.

Wang, known as Ping to his friends and clients, arrived at Duke with two Chinese law degrees and the clear intention of returning to his Beijing law firm, the first private firm in China.

“My thought was that the country needed lawyers who understood both the Chinese and the U.S. legal systems, and were fluent in English,” says Wang. “Everything suddenly changed.”

Following his graduation, Wang joined the Washington, D.C. firm of Galland, Kharach, Mores & Garfinkle, and immersed himself in its specialty, aviation law, becoming a partner in 1994. Far from disconnecting from his homeland, though, Wang saw it “as an aviation market to be explored.” He has traveled to China almost monthly since his graduation, establishing communications with airlines, airports, manufacturers, regulatory agencies, local governments, and diplomats, first on behalf of his law firm, and then as a principal of the strategic consulting firm to the aviation, energy, and water resources sector that he and other firm partners established. Garfinkle & Wang Associates, which does business as GCW Consulting, represents a large number of U.S. aviation companies operating in China, and now has offices in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, and has plans for a fourth. Today Wang’s confidence is strong.

“The aviation industry is, in many ways, a barometer of China’s openness and growth, as well as a barometer of the ChinaU.S. relationship,” says Wang who was appointed as one of 15 special advisers to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) in March, the only one outside of the PRC. “China is of the same geographic size as the U.S., but with five times its population. It has fewer than 140 commercial airports, whereas the U.S. has 5,500.

Last year in China, each citizen traveled by airplane 0.23 times; in the U.S., each person traveled four times. And in the last 20 years, China has had double-digit GDP growth annually, and the aviation growth has been double that. China plans to double

DUKE LAW IN CHINA its airports in a decade and purchases more than half of its fleets from the U.S. The potential there is clear.”

MAKING A DIFFERENCE Has Duke Law School been effective in its contribution to the legal system and profession in China? Wang says it has, without question.

“I am personally grateful, but objectively speaking, Duke really did a fantastic job as one of the first to establish such a regular and consistent program. Duke’s alumni have played important roles in the changes in China—Gao Xiqing, in particular, will be in the history books.”

Professor Jonathan Ocko agrees. “Our alumni have gone back, they’ve lectured, they’ve brought their skills, and they’ve brought the models of how to do business and law back with them. In the long run, they have made a difference.” Alumni like Li, notes Ocko, while not practicing as Chinese attorneys—they suspend their licenses while employed by foreign firms—are consulted by legal officials for their expertise. “Ma Hongli ’89, the managing partner of a major Chinese firm, played a central role in drafting the canon of legal ethics for his firm, and has been active in the Bar Association in Shanghai. These people really have a chance to make an impact.

“A few years ago, I was talking to a Chinese businessman who had no connection to Duke. He said, ‘It seems you can’t be involved in a complicated or complex large-scale business transaction in China without running into one of Duke’s Chinese alumni.’ That in itself is a fairly significant contribution.”

He also recalls how students from Tsinghua and Peking University Law Schools thanked him for Duke’s commitment to the legal profession and the law in China when he spoke to them in 1999.

“One of them actually raised his hand in the middle of my talk and said I should tell Duke that they appreciated what it has done over the years.”

Niu Wenjie ’05 credits the Law School specifically for having a profound influence on the development of Chinese security law and regulations. She took leave from her position as director of the law division of the China Securities Depository

and Clearing Company (“China Clear”) to enroll in Duke Law’s LLM program, and was previously the deputy director of the law division of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, China’s first. She has also been on the teams charged with drafting and revising Chinese securities and investment fund laws.

“Professor Gao is in many ways the father of Chinese securities markets, and for having taught him, Professor Cox has also had an important influence,” says Niu, who has a high enough profile in her own right to have been invited to address the international law section of the American Bar Association in Washington, D.C. on that subject last April.

Deflecting the compliment, Cox remembers his early discussions with Gao and his classmate, Shi Xi-min, about the role the law plays in developing countries, and the importance of getting savings “out of tin cans”— since the banking system was unreliable— and flowing into development projects.

“What the law does is provide some assurance that individuals who put effort in, or invest money, have every reason to expect that they can appreciate the risks of doing so, and that they can measure what the rewards are for embracing those risks.

The more trustworthy that process is, the sharper the judgments will be that investors make, and that ultimately will lead to putting assets and resources to their highest and best use. It’s really important in a developing economy to get money flowing into the markets. That is what will develop the productive resources to improve the life of everybody in the society.”

Cox calls the early 1980s “truly the wild west” for capital markets in China. “They were developing informally and without regulation—there were no corporate or securities laws. As a result, they were largely ineffective and inefficient, and always under the threat that they could be snuffed out very quickly if the central government decided that this was not the way it wanted to go.”

While he takes no direct credit for influencing Gao, Cox is certain that Gao paid close attention to his message on the cornerstones of U.S. securities law: transparency, predictability, and enforcement, the right level of sanctions, and the right level of funding for the enforcement agencies.

ROSS KATCHMAN ’87

Senior counsel and co-manager worldwide mergers and acquisitions, Hewlett-Packard Corp, Palo Alto, CA. Katchman describes himself as “heading down the straight and conventional road” in his second year at Duke Law, when Dean Paul Carrington asked if any students would consider spending a year on exchange as “visiting scholars” at People’s University Law School (Ren Da) in Beijing. Five Duke Law students did just that in the 1985-86 academic year.

THAT I WENT TO CHINA after my second year at Duke Law was so improbable that it had to be an accident—or Yuan Fen, roughly translated as the lot or luck by which people are brought together.

It was a great adventure. The Western students couldn’t speak Chinese and the Ren Da faculty couldn’t teach in English. The official plan was to study Chinese for the first semester and then study some Chinese law during the second semester. But it was more than optimistic to hope that our Chinese language skills would advance to a level that would enable any of us to study under the Ren Da law faculty during the second semester, and we quickly (and correctly) concluded that our most constructive study program would be to focus on developing our language skills and to be out-and-about in Beijing and China as much as possible. We lived in a small dormitory reserved for foreign students, teachers, business people, and even what appeared to be Eastern-bloc espionage operatives. [There were] 60 or so of us from places as diverse as the U.K, Holland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Tanzania, Ethiopia, U.S.S.R., Equatorial Guinea, Mexico, Benin and Durham (England and North Carolina).

It’s impossible for me to adequately describe the fun and excitement of being in China at that time as the country was just transitioning from 35 years of Maoist isolation. We traveled extensively, made great friends (some of whom I have been in almost daily contact with for the past 20 years) and experienced the beginning stages of an economic transformation of historic proportions. For five somewhat wayward Duke Law students, it was both a year of “intoxicating expectations” and, because China is an experience that transforms your view of the world, one from which we could never completely recover.

A L U M N I R E F L E C T I O N S

“When you talk to Gao, he has a strong sense about what business people want to do, and then tries to figure out how regulations compliment those interests, and still serve the public interest. I don’t know how much credit we can take Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA for that, but it’s not inconsistent with the message that was drilled into him while he was at Duke.”

Cox has not limited his message on openness to his classes. A few years ago, he participated in a program in China for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the whole purpose of which was to try to encourage the government to commit more to strengthening the enforcement of the securities rules. “The belief was that development would be stimulated if they had strong securities laws.”

THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE For the past 14 years, Ping Wang has traveled to China almost monthly from his home in Virginia. Still, he says he is constantly surprised by the changes he sees in Beijing, where he grew up, trained, and

practiced law before coming to Duke.

“There are many places I don’t recognize—new construction, entirely new neighborhoods. It’s all very, very different.

Culturally that is true, too. The younger generation thinks very differently from the way we did a long time ago.” The environment for doing business and the legal environment have also markedly changed, he adds.

“Lawyers are playing an important role, which you could not have predicted years ago. They are importing new concepts—western legal concepts—to China, and establishing communication between the PRC local business community and the foreigners doing business there. All of that is changing very quickly.”

That it has changed is clear. China is not only open for business, it is looking to extend its reach and resources, as evidenced by the China National Offshore Oil Company’s (CNOOC) June bid (later with-

DAVID WARREN ’64

Professor Emeritus, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University Warren is an expert in public health and environmental law. He first went to China in 1998 as a Fulbright Academic Scholar, teaching environmental law at Tsinghua University Law School, and returned there in 1999 to help set up Duke Law School’s reciprocal arrangement with Tsinghua. Warren returned again in 2001 to facilitate an experiment in distance learning with Tsinghua’s law school.

WHEN I WAS AT TSINGHUA my main job was teaching environmental law and being a promoter of other activities at the law school. I became involved with moot court, and edited the inaugural issue of the law journal.

Tsinghua was primarily an engineering and science university, and just reopened its law school with a graduate-level law degree in 1995. The first class of seven students graduated when I was there. I was teaching the second-year students, a class of 14.

While their English was quite good, the Socratic method of teaching came as quite a jolt to my students. While the students were accustomed to recitation and memorization, I was trying to teach them to process, to analyze, and to think on their feet.

They had not been exposed to any western-style teaching up to that point. I introduced the idea of standing, coming to the board, role-playing, taking one position and switching sides, and taking the other side and making the same argument. Some of my students complained about it early on, but by the end of the semester, the head of the “antiSocratic camp” became a real proponent. In fact, she became my assistant when I returned in 1999.

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By 2001, things had changed had changed drastically. The student body numbered 600 – up from a total of 20 in 1998. They had a new building, a much larger faculty, and a steady stream of foreign professors, Fulbright scholars and others. Tsinghua had made remarkable progress, far beyond what an American law school could achieve over just three years.

I got a sense that a certain portion of the students wanted to use their law degrees for the idealistic purposes of being part of the “rule of law” movement, and others were interested in being involved with business and making a lot of money.

In my areas of expertise, environmental law and public health, I see considerable progress. There are more academic environmental studies, an increasing public interest and awareness, and more government money being put toward environmental protection. And while routine, public health maintenance surveillance remains under-funded and under-manned, there is a public health infrastructure in place now. China’s reponse to SARS showed that it can mount a massive public health response to contain a serious epidemic.

A L U M N I R E F L E C T I O N S

drawn) for American oil giant Unocal, and other recent attempts by Chinese firms to acquire such brands as Maytag, as well as their distribution networks.

The realities of doing business in China—and comparisons to its main Asian competitor, India—were the subject of a morning panel at the Law School’s conference at Tsinghua University on June 11.

(See story, page 26.)

Professor Stephen Wallenstein, director of Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center (GCMC) which co-sponsored the conference, takes a clear-eyed look. While he calls China “the engine of world growth at the moment,” that growth is a bit out of control, in terms of the extent to which the Chinese are building over-capacity in sectors such as commercial real estate.

“On one hand, there is a nine percent growth rate in the country, and a 15–20 percent increase in investment every year. China has recently dismantled its fixed exchange rate and has huge reserves. However, the economy is still cushioned by a significant level of non-tradable government stakes in large enterprises. China’s plan to unwind the high level of government ownership is crowding out new listings of more productive private enterprises. Managers don’t own stock, so they don’t have the incentive to maximize profits and shareholder value.”

Wallenstein points out that China’s securities markets are trading at an eight-year low. “Investors are very leery.

Corporate governance, transparency, accounting rules—all have a very long way to go.” At the same time, he adds, China represents a substantial opportunity for the GCMC, because of its expertise and focus on corporate governance.

The GCMC presented a training program in China in 2000 at the Shanghai Futures Exchange, which was co-sponsored by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and Morgan Stanley, and it is currently evaluating the possibility of presenting a Directors’ Education Institute in China in the fall of 2006.

Significantly, there are opportunities for lawyers in every sector.

“For Chinese students, the current opportunities in China are extraordinary,” says Ocko. “It makes sense for them to stay and get some practical experience in the United States, but their futures—and

DUKE LAW IN CHINA “WHAT WE LEARN THROUGH THESE INTERACTIONS [WITH CHINESE STUDENTS, ALUMNI, AND INSTITUTIONS] IS AS SIGNIFICANT AS WHAT WE DRAGON BOAT AT THE SUMMER PALACE IN BEIJING

their fortunes—are going to be made in China. If you are doing high-end securities litigation, or large-scale project finance for a Chinese firm or for a U.S. firm operating in China, you’re doing as well as you could in the United States, and there you can make a contribution.”

Notorious for its lack of intellectual property protections—another subject of Duke’s Tsinghua conference—that area is a hotbed of legal activity. China’s entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) also presents significant opportunities; the banking sector is one that has to open by the end of 2006.

Issues emerging in China also present opportunities for Duke Law School, its faculty, students, and graduates. Poverty is on the rise, as is poverty law. Clinical Professor of Law Carolyn McAllaster traveled to China as a guest of the clinical programs at Peking University Law School in June, finding great interest in Duke’s clinical programs and opportunities for students. It is fascinating, she says, to see that at least two of that university’s four clinics focus on research; students research the legal needs in specific low-income communities and report directly to government officials, as well as to their instructors.

“That’s very different from what we do.

Our laws are set, in a way, and in most cases we are trying to get the law interpreted in our clients’ favor.”

McAllaster anticipates greater contact between Duke Law’s clinical programs and those at Peking University, possibly leading to a student exchange.

“There’s great pedagogical value in learning to work across cultures, bringing any expertise that students might have gained in a clinic here to their work in China, and in bringing back an understanding of the tremendous need internationally for legal services for poor people.”

Charles S. Murphy Professor of Law and Public Policy Studies Christopher

Schroeder immersed himself in environmental issues in China during his June trip.

“Economic growth is putting heavy demands on all aspects of the energy sector,” Schroeder points out. “China’s energy mainstay has always been coal, which it possesses in abundant amounts second only to the United States. At one time, China thought that bringing on line the hydroelectric power from the Three Gorges Dam would mean that it could retire some of its oldest coal fired plants, but the explosion of economic activity thwarted those plans. Instead, China now anticipates another 200 gigawatts of new coal-fired electrical generation will be built in just the next 15 years.”

While car ownership has boomed as a sign of prosperity—increasing about 100 percent over the past three years—it is another source of pressure on worldwide petroleum production, adds Schroeder, and has had a discernible effect on world oil prices.

“These two fossil fuels—coal and gas— are clearly the engines driving China’s economic boom. Unfortunately, they are also the engines of increasing environmental problems. China is on schedule to eclipse the United States as the world’s leading generator of global warming gases in about 20 years. Fossil fuels used in

electrical generation and in autos are the two principal sources of local air pollution throughout China, but especially in the cities. The skies of Beijing, Shanghai, and Xian were dull and gray with pollution during most of our visit.

“In short, the environmental and energy issues facing China, like many of its social and economic issues, are large in their scope and large in their potential impact on both the Chinese and the rest of the globe.”

Looking ahead, Dean Bartlett says there are many ways to contribute to law and policy in China.

“We can find the best students from China and give them a first-rate education. We can keep in touch with these students when they graduate and learn about the issues of importance to them.

We can multiply and deepen our contacts with law faculty in China and share expertise on a wide variety of topics in law and legal education, including intellectual property, business law, environmental law, constitutional law, and legal clinics. What we learn through these interactions, of course, is as significant as what we teach. Duke’s approach will continue to be one of partnerships and mutual exchange.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA

Illustration: Kelly Murdoch-Kitt

GAO XIQING ’86 WAS A KEY ARCHITECT OF CHINESE SECURITIES LAWS AND IS NOW VICE CHAIRMAN OF A FUND SET UP TO MANAGE SOCIAL SECURITY RESERVES FOR 750 MILLION CHINESE CITIZENS.

GAO XIQING ’86: REFORMER AND OPTIMIST

G

AO XIQING says that he has never had a

job he did not instantly enjoy, or come quickly to like, and has tried to excel in every position. That was true, he says, when he was assigned to do manual labor on a railroad in his early teens, and during the year-and-a-half he spent as a bench worker in a Chinese artillery factory.

“I call myself a Lei Feng type—a small cog in a huge Party machine, and wherever they put me I’m happily there.”

He has brought the same optimistic attitude to such daunting professional chal-

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

lenges as establishing rules for China’s nascent capital markets, and managing its social security fund.

It was always Gao’s intention to return to China and participate in reforms there.

While working as an associate at the Wall Street firm Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon following his graduation from Duke Law, he and other Chinese expatriates engaged in on-going discussions about establishing stock exchanges in China.

“Even Marx praised stock exchanges and banking systems. He regarded them

as tools, rather than goals, and tools can be used by anyone—they can be used to serve the purposes of the poor people and the working class. So in my mind, in order for China to change for the better and compete, we needed a better financing system. Stock exchanges were an inevitable part of that.

“From 1985 on, capital markets were on the reform agenda, but very little was actually being done. After a lot of deliberation, a group of us decided that it was time to put up the proposal. In 1987-88,

DUKE LAW IN CHINA things were very, very active in the ideological world in China, and in the political arena, and we thought that if we put forth these ideas, there was a chance that they would be accepted.”

Having gained critical experience in the operations of the New York Stock Exchange and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) while at Mudge Rose, Gao returned to China in 1988, touring various European stock exchanges en route, including a new one in still-socialist Hungary. He subsequently took a leadership role in drafting the securities rules during “three sleepless weeks” in the spring of 1989; the rules were released at the end of April.

“But by then the students were already out in the streets and in Tiananmen Square, and it was tabled.

Nobody could bring themselves to think of it for awhile,” he recalls. By the end of the year, things were back on track, with the Chinese leadership committed to moving forward with reforms as opposed to returning to a planned economy.

While ideally, says Gao, securities law would be passed nationally, the Shanghai and Shenzhen city governments were given limited authorization to draft their own regulations; Gao and his colleagues were involved in drafting the corporate laws and securities regulations for both cities’ stock exchanges, the first in China. Drafting itself posed a particular challenge because the Chinese language lacked the requisite vocabulary.

“When necessary we either used English translations or made up the words,” recalls Gao. “Today, many people say things like ‘market makers’ with ease, but in those days, people laughed because it sounded so strange—in Chinese, ‘market maker’ sounded very much like ‘love maker.’ Now we have the words we need, and nobody thinks about where they came from.”

The fact that China is not a capitalist country—private ownership is still a new concept—forced quite a number of compromises, acknowledges Gao, who served as vice chairman of the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) from 1999 to 2003.

“The American [securities] system is still regarded as the best in the world. While we

tried to copy it in many ways, we also borrowed rules from the British, Taiwanese, Japanese, and German systems, because the American rules of laissez faire sometimes just wouldn’t work in China. People wouldn’t agree to it. Even after all these years, we have a system that looks on the surface like others, but when you talk about the enforcement level, and the actual details of the laws, it’s very different.

Gao has been a consistent advocate of a mandatory disclosure system, similar to that of the U.S. “Basically that means that as long as you disclose what you are selling, you can sell almost anything—the government won’t stop you from selling bad

“PARTY POLITICS ARE STILL CLOSED, BUT EVERYTHING ELSE IN CHINA—ECONOMIC REFORM, FINANCE, SPORTS, DAILY LIFE, SEX—ARE MORE FREELY DISCUSSED THAN IN MOST COUNTRIES IN things, as long as you disclose that they are ‘bad things.’” He has been openly critical of the Chinese government’s insistence on approving all listed stocks, feeling that it automatically signals to the investor that the investment is a good one.

“Since 1990, the number of listed companies has grown to 1,400 from the eight originally listed. Probably only 100 are worth investing in. To me, that shows the failure of our approval system. No matter how good the intention, the state can’t possibly do the job. Business is a complicated thing. And the government can’t make up all these numbers and decide which is good and which is bad.

Nobody is able to do that.”

The fact that he can state his criticisms publicly is a testament to how far China has come towards freedom and democracy in 20 years, Gao says.

“Party politics are still closed, but everything else in China—economic reform, finance, sports, daily life, sex— are more freely discussed than in most countries in the world.”

In 2003 Gao became vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund, charged with managing the social security reserves. Set up in 1997 to handle the retirement needs of urban residents only—a population currently in excess of 750 million—the

fund has only about $20 billion dollars.

“We’re trying to grow it, and we’re trying to persuade the government to open other resources for the fund,” says Gao. Whereas current rules allow the fund to be invested in both the fixed economy and the equity market in China in a very limited way, the government recently gave the go-ahead in principle for some of the money to be invested abroad. “We are still waiting for the state council to come up with some rules, after which we will assign a small amount of our money to international investment.”

The job particularly suits the idealist in him, Gao says.

“When I was at the CSRC, very often I would be accused of not having enough sympathy for the small investors in the market. I would say, ‘Our small investors may look poor compared to the big capitalists, but they have some money to play with.’ I felt like I was serving the rich people there.

Finally I can tell my conscience that I’m doing the right thing, because I am serving the truly poor people. I am helping people who have absolutely no means to help themselves.”

In that spirit, Gao recently started a charitable fund, with the support of some of his former students, to directly help children in the poorest areas of Tibet and Mongolia stay in school. While nine years of education are government supported, many families in poor areas take their children—most commonly their daughters—out of school in order for them to earn income. The fund provides families enough income to make it worth their while to let them stay in school.

It also assists some high-achieving high school students meet expenses. Last winter, Gao took a 5,000 mile train trip with his six-year-old son last year to visit families of scholarship recipients.

“It was a good experience for my son. He gave a report to his teacher, and I talked to his class about how lucky they are, and how sympathetic they should be to poor families.”

Asked of which of his achievements he is particularly proud, Gao demurs.

“I’m not done yet—there are many worthwhile things still to do.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

23

DUKE LAW IN CHINA

“IT WAS NOT HARD TO CONVINCE AMERICAN LAWYERS THAT A COUNTRY HAVING ALMOST NO LAWYERS

DUKE LAW IN CHINA: A REMEM-

I

CAME FROM Michigan to Duke in 1978 to serve as dean of the Law School. I had in mind the opportunity to help improve legal education in the United States. Not considered was the possible internationalization of the Duke Law School, or that Duke might play a role in legal education in China.

It was perhaps in December [1980] that I received a stunning letter from Shi Ximin, then in China. To get a letter from China was itself an astounding event. No one born after 1960 can today imagine the degree of isolation of China, especially in its disconnection from America. Xi-min wanted to study law in the United States.

The quality of his English was such that I was confident some American had written his letter, and he did acknowledge the help

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

of a graduate of Wellesley College. He identified himself as a worker with the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, and a recent graduate of the University of International Business and Economics. But he also described his life as the son of an air force general who had himself served in the military as a helicopter pilot. And he had also been in prison twice during the Cultural Revolution—once as his father’s son, and once on his own account. He was married to a woman who was on military duty in Tibet.

All this was interesting, but what blew my mind was his claim to have translated into Mandarin two novels by William Faulkner, one of which (Absalom, Absalom) I had read and found to be absolutely incomprehensible. I much desired to meet such a person.

PAUL CARRINGTON, DEAN FROM 1978 TO 1988, OVERSAW THE START OF DUKE LAW SCHOOL'S INVOLVEMENT WITH CHINA.

It was not until the early spring of 1982 that Xi-min actually arrived in Durham.

Getting him out of China was not easy.

There was the U.S. Department of State to deal with. And then its Chinese counterpart.

A call to our alumnus, former President Richard Nixon ’37, did get the attention of the Chinese bureaucracy. Another alumnus, Al Philipp ’50, general counsel to Pan-American Airways, then the largest international airline, arranged for Xi-min to get a free ride from Beijing to New York.

The Law School bought him a ticket to RDU. Because we had a small endowment fund contributed by President Nixon’s classmates, I designated Xi-min as the Nixon Scholar and used the bit of income from that fund to cover some of his costs.

DUKE LAW IN CHINA Because Xi-min had never studied law in China, it was from the first planned that he would stay three years and do the JD program, with a lighter load in the first year. I was able in effect to waive tuition.

Given the rate of international exchange at that time (the annual income of a Chinese worker might then exchange for perhaps $200), it was unimaginable that tuition would ever be paid by a student from China. Less easily solved was the problem of living expenses. I arranged for Xi-min to live [in a rooming house owned by my son]. He was a strong personality and an adequate student of American law. He found employment for himself for the summer of 1983 (with some help from Professor George Christie) at Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon in New York, the firm in which Richard Nixon had practiced in the 1960s.

From the first, Xi-min was ambitious to bring other students from China. He most urgently recommended his friend Gao Xiqing, who had been his fellow student at the University of International Business and Economics. Somehow, Xiqing had landed a tour as a paralegal at Graham & James in Los Angeles. The most striking fact about him was that his father had been on the Long March of 1933, when the Communist force led by Mao Tse-tung escaped the trap set by the Kuomintang army led by Chiang Kai-shek. His English was very good, and he struck me as rather a Chinese patriot. So I admitted him as a second student from China, but wondering how we would cover his living expenses.

Also that summer, Xi-min was recruited by the Chinese Embassy in Washington to study New York law firms as possible counsel to the Embassy. The Embassy badly needed help, and the foreign exchange rates disabled them from contemplating the help they needed – the price of legal services was to them simply prohibitive.

For example, sometime in 1982 someone had moved to reopen an ancient judgment against the Kingdom of China that had been entered by an Alabama court many decades earlier. The Embassy’s way of dealing with it was to insist that the United States Department of State should fix the matter. The result was a default leading to prolonged difficulty. On behalf of the Embassy, Xi-min talked to a lot of New

York lawyers and recommended to the Embassy the names of three, for which they expressed gratitude.

But in the fall of 1983, Xi-min received an urgent call from the Embassy. Someone had initiated a proceeding in the United States Department of Commerce to impose a countervailing duty on Chinese textiles.

Billions were at stake. But no one on Ximin’s list would do. The list being useless, Xi-min and Xiqing would have to take care of the matter! No one in our law school knew much about countervailing duties, but we knew a few lawyers in Washington who did. So they got some pro bono help in writing a memo to be filed by the Embassy.

It was not likely a hard case to win, given the international political scene at the moment. But China won, and the Embassy was grateful to the Duke Law School for its cost-free victory.

A few weeks later, I received a visit from Wang Fusun of the Ministry of Education and Dean Gao of the People’s University Law School (Ren Da). They invited me to come to China in the summer of 1984 as a guest of the People’s Republic to recruit more students who might be able to win such cases after a few months at Duke.

I was in China for over two weeks, accompanied by [my wife] Bessie and our younger son, Will. We ... were taken to the universities to meet Anglophonic faculty and the students whom they recommended for places at Duke.

At Ren Da, I met 10 law teachers and five law students who wanted to come to Duke. I provided the students with a copy of the opinion of the [Supreme] Court in Hickman v. Taylor, and then later got them to discuss it with me. I was satisfied that all were competent in English.

An interpreter was needed for my visit with the faculty. The faculty did not have offices, but carrels in a library that had been thoroughly cleansed of capitalist dogma during the Cultural Revolution. Their university was established in a cave in 1934 and its historic role was to train party leaders, and for that reason it had survived the Cultural Revolution. But in 1984 it was an arm of the Education Ministry and its students were selected by a national examination. They proposed to employ Shi Xi-min as a member of their faculty. It seemed to be supposed that I could arrange that.

Ren Da had never had foreign students, and one aim of our discussion was to consider what they might do with Duke Law students. They would provide room, board, and instruction to Duke students in exchange for our working with their students. I agreed to take two in 1984, and perhaps the other three in 1985. In exchange, three of our alumni did later spend an academic year there. For Ross Katchman ’87 and Dan Scheinman ’87, that experience proved to be very important to their future careers.

In 1985, the Council on Legal Education Exchange with China was organized and funded by the Luce Foundation. My presence as a member of the five-member Council was an acknowledgment that Duke was for the moment ahead in building a relationship with China. Other law schools were also, like Duke, beginning to see the prospect of becoming international institutions and it was the role of CLEEC to connect them to Chinese applicants.

I succeeded in recruiting a law firm sponsor for each of the JD students Duke enrolled. The students worked for two summers in those firms and were paid enough to cover modest living expenses.

In varying degrees, these law firms may have hoped to secure future business, but in large measure, these were law firm contributions to the public interest. It was not hard to convince American lawyers that a country having almost no lawyers badly needed some. More than a few lawyers with whom I spoke thought perhaps China might be offered some of our excess legal manpower. I also got a little financial support from foundations and corporations.

Sometime in the late 1980s, I noticed that we had five Koreans among our international students. I took them to lunch one day to find out how we were enjoying such success in attracting Koreans. The answer I was given was that it was not easy for a Korean to establish contact with anyone from the People’s Republic. The best place in the world to do that, they thought, was Durham, North Carolina. d PROFESSOR CARRINGTON’S FULL ESSAY, “DUKE LAW IN CHINA: A REMEMBRANCE,” CAN BE FOUND AT http://paulcarrington.com/ Duke%20Law%20in%20China.htm.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

25

DUKE LAW IN CHINA

PARTICIPANTS IN DUKE LAW'S CONFERENCE AT TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY. FAR RIGHT: STEPHEN WALLENSTEIN, DIRECTOR OF DUKE'S GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS CENTER

DUKE LAW’S TSINGHUA CONFERENCE:

A LOOK AT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND BUSINESS LAW IN

T

WENTY YEARS AGO, it was not uncom-

mon for people from Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan—including panelist Ken Yun ‘88—to have never stepped foot in China.

Today, China is running a $30 to $40 billion trade surplus and has become a magnet for foreign investment and for foreign lawyers, with over 157 foreign law offices having been opened in recent years across China.

Exploring emerging themes in this transformation, Panel 1 of the Duke Law School conference at Tsinghua University in Beijing on June 11, took on the topic, “Corporate Governance and Investing in China.” This panel was moderated by Duke Professors James Cox and Stephen Wallenstein. Panelists included Professor He Meihuan (Betty Ho) of the Tsinghua law faculty, and Duke graduates Li Xiaoming ’90, currently a partner in White

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

& Case in Beijing; Dan Scheinman ’87, senior vice president for corporate development of Cisco and one of the first Duke Law students to study in China; and Yun Young-Gak (Ken Yun) ’88, president of Samjong KPMG in Seoul, Korea.

Panelists discussed how China continues to try to attract foreign investment, while also attempting to build economic independence. They also explored the emergence of a strong competitor to China—India—and some of India’s advantages in terms of technological superiority and a more reliable legal system.

Restrictions on law practice by foreign law firms (they may not employ Chinese lawyers, nor practice Chinese law), and changes in the concept of lawyering in China—from the lawyer’s role to strengthen the motherland, to the

lawyer’s obligation to represent a client’s interests—were also discussed.

AMONG THE CHALLENGES in doing business highlighted by the panelists were the high level of state ownership of Chinese enterprise, the lack of a tradition of shareholder’s interests apart from the party or the state, growing disparities in wealth in China, lack of stability in the law, a staggering $170 billion of non performing loans, a declining stock market, poor accounting practices, and various cultural attitudes and practices which make it difficult for Western models of corporate governance regulation to take hold in China.

A second panel, “Intellectual Property in China,” continued some of the same themes, specifically focusing on intellec-

DUKE LAW IN CHINA tual property protection. Professor James Boyle kicked off the session by drawing a parallel between the much-criticized lack of intellectual property protections in China today, and similar resistance to such protections 200 years ago in the U.S., when intellectual property interests from abroad were disregarded, and joint ventures were used to lure foreign investments and then to obtain technology secrets for domestic companies. He discussed whether, in the context of this past, U.S. objections to Chinese disregard of U.S. intellectual property law was a matter of (1) hypocrisy, (2) different circumstances calling for different laws, or (3) moot, concluding that each of these explanations had some force.

He focused on the dilemma that both too little IP protection, and too much, can be problematic for a developing economy, drawing a comparison between Route 128 in Massachusetts and Silicon Valley in California to show how an intellectual property regime that looks great on paper (the Route 128 example, with greater IP protections, more vertical economic integration, and more restrictions on job hopping) might not actually operate to achieve the desired ends as well as a “softer” regime with greater mobility of ideas and workers.

He also addressed the apparent advantages, and the hidden disadvantages of harmonization, which deprives society of the kind of natural experiments (like Silicon Valley) that can inform us about where to draw the right property protection lines.

Bharat Dube ’86, head of IP Enforcement at Richemont International SA in Geneva, gave a powerful presentation about the huge subsidies to Chinese business that occur through runaway counterfeiting operations, and discussed various issues relating to this problem from the perspective of the business interests whose property is being stolen. Speaking in strong language, he charged that no one seemed to be willing to take on China, even though its disregard for intellectual property protections was devastating to other countries.

Kenji Kuroda ’89, founding partner of Kuroda Law and Patent Offices (Tokyo and Shanghai) provided a comprehensive analysis of a series of “China risk” factors that he has identified in the course of his practice with firms doing business in China. These

risks include China’s relatively low respect for law, persistent protectionism, the low level of judicial independence in China, and poor interpretation of Japanese patents in China. He discussed the huge losses to Japanese business interests of Chinese counterfeiting, and agreed with Dube that it was critical for the world to control the misuse of the intellectual property of others by business in China.

Professor Wang Bing of Tsinghua built on Professor Boyle’s analysis, to conclude that finding the right balance both between an inventor’s owner and the public, and between developed and developing countries, required China to do more to tighten up and enforce intellectual property protections. He noted that, even from China’s standpoint, the legal regime needed to stimulate the people in China to be creative innovators, not just copiers.

THE PANELS CULMINATED in a lunchtime talk by Professor Gao Xiqing, ’86, vice chairman of the National Council for Social Security Fund. Professor Gao outlined the challenges of establishing a social security fund in China, identifying various demographic factors associated with China’s aging population, and featuring data on the tremendous disparities in China of standard of living and life expectancy that, in some respects, create parallel challenges in the U.S. One advantage in China, he noted, is that the state still owns potentially productive enterprises which, if sold, would produce the funds necessary to make solvent the Social Security Fund in China (and be more productive, in private hands). The sale of licenses for third generation mobile telephone technology might also produce funds that could be used to support the Social Security Fund, although there are other claims on these funds as well.

The conference and lunch talk were sponsored by Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center, The Center for the Study of the Public Domain, Tsinhgua University Law Faculty, Duke Law School, and Richemont.

It was attended by faculty and students of Tsinghua, and several members of the Board of Visitors of Duke Law School.

“I was very impressed by the willingness of the conference’s Chinese participants to

ANDREA BAKER ’90

Consul, U.S. Consulate General, Shanghai Baker first went to Shanghai in 1985, as an undergraduate enrolled in the “Duke in China” program. She has been posted to the U.S. Consulate in Shanghai for the past two years.

WHEN I WENT TO CHINA as a Duke undergraduate in 1985, I attracted a lot of attention—many people had never seen a Caucasian. The tallest building in Shanghai at that time was probably seven stories high.

In the past 10 years, it has gone from a dirty, crowded city with poor infrastructure, to an incredibly modern one. About 4,000 American companies currently operate in Shanghai. I can get French, Thai, Mexican, or American food delivered to my home, and there’s a Starbucks on every corner. And I’m no longer an oddity—at least 8,000 Americans live in Shanghai full time.

Westerners doing business here should be aware of fundamental differences between western and Chinese approaches to negotiations. Whereas Americans are used to sitting down and getting straight to the point, the Chinese employ a more patient style. Far more listening is involved. In terms of business etiquette, treat business cards with reverence.

Offer yours with two hands and a slight bow, and accept another in the same way, giving it

A L U M N I R E F L E C T I O N S

speak frankly about their government and economic system without fear of reprisal,” said Board of Visitors member Candace Carroll ’74. “While business conditions in China are certainly not perfect, it appears that the climate for business and investment has greatly improved over the past few years, and will likely continue to improve.”

Added Bob Montgomery ’64, “The experience of interacting on a personal level with many Chinese executives and scholars was so extraordinary that in retrospect, it seems almost unreal. Never in my wildest imagination could I have expected to be in a situation where I would be lectured by Chinese (albeit, in good humor) that our U.S. government should have more confidence in the free market system and discontinue its paternalistic interference through tariffs and restrictive regulations.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA DAY 1 June 10

DUKE LAW ON TOUR

THE FORBIDDEN CITY The Emperor was not allowed to leave the City because of the perceived danger outside of its walls. The “imperial yellow” roof color—representing the earth—was forbidden for use by commoners, and the accompanying fire-red walls and bright orange accents spread across the landscape.

F

ROM JUNE 9 TO JUNE 19, 2005,

members of the Law School’s Board of Visitors, and a number of faculty, alumni, friends, and their families, toured the People’s Republic of China. Thanks to the terrific planning of Jennifer Maher ’83, assistant dean for international studies, the group enjoyed tours of historic and cultural sites in Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai, many of which—such as a close-up tour of the Terra Cotta Warriors of Xian—are not generally available to travelers.

With incredible sites, exquisitelypresented food, and warm and spirited friends, the trip was truly a memorable experience for all.

JEAN ADAMS ’79

SUSAN BOLCH AND CARL BOLCH ’67

TEXT BY ELIZABETH SCHROEDER PHOTOS BY SUSAN BOLCH, CARL BOLCH JEAN ADAMS ’79, TOM ADAMS, SARAH ADAMS ’73, AL ADAMS ’74, CHRISTOPHER SCHROEDER, BRENT CLINKSCALE ’86, LEN SIMON ’73, CANDACE CARROLL ’74, AND FRANK MAU

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

’67, BOB MONTGOMERY ’64, ANNA HO, AND BRENT CLINKSCALE ’86

DUKE LAW IN CHINA DAY 4 June 13 "Neither Al [Adams] nor I really knew what to expect in China. While we knew that it is fast becoming a major power, if not soon THE major power, we still thought of it as “Red China,” which of course it still is, politically.

However, the extent to which capitalism and westernization has occurred amazed us, as did the sites we toured—the Great Wall, Terra Cotta Soldiers, and the Forbidden City, among so many others. After returning home though, perhaps the enormous size of the country and its incomprehensibly large population, with its corresponding needs for food, fuel and other resources, and obvious thirst for the fruits of capitalism, is the thought which remains most indelibly in my mind.

THE GREAT Everyone found the great wonder to be more than they ever could have imagined, even those who had already been to the Great Wall at a different point. Many hiked all the way to the end of the allowed section of the wall.

The day was gorgeous and clear, the skies no longer covered with the heavy smog of the city of Beijing.

"We were tremendously impressed by the friendliness and openness of the Chinese we encountered, but most especially by our Asian alumni and their devotion to and affection for Duke Law School."

—Sarah Adams ’73 SARAH ADAMS ’73 AND AL ADAMS

BOB BREISBLATT ’72, MARJORIE BREISBLATT, JIM FRENZEL ’70, SUSAN FRENZEL, CANDACE CARROLL ’74

DAY 6 June 15 THE TERRA COTTA WARRIORS, XIAN

ELIZABETH SCHROEDER, CHRISTOPHER SCHROEDER, AND KATHARINE BARTLETT

The warriors were an entire army of clay soldiers, buried underground along with the important people they were charged to protect in the afterlife.

The members of the cavalry were life size, each modeled after an individual soldier in the community, and made of local clay. The chariots were half-size, but made of bronze.

Real weapons were found at the soldiers’ feet. In all there were over 600 tombs, including Emperor Qing’s mausoleum, which has not been unearthed, out of respect for him.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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DUKE LAW IN CHINA

BRENT CLINKSCALE, PETER KAHN ’76, JEAN ADAMS, AND DARA DeHAVEN ’80

LEN SIMON ’73, JENNIFER MAHER ’83, AND JONATHAN OCKO

DAY 9 June 18 SHANGHAI Board of Visitors Chairman Peter Kahn ’76 opened a farewell dinner at the American Club with his “chairman of the party” speech, donning the hat—part of a full “Chairman Mao” ensemble—he had been given as a birthday present, courtesy of Buck Ferguson ’70. He proclaimed the end of “a long march together,” one that enhanced the relationship between Duke Law and its alumni and counterparts in China, re-kindling old friendships, and forming new ones. Susan Weaver ’88 took the podium to talk about differences in China between now and when she studied there as a Duke Law exchange student. She recalled getting a coupon for a bike, a valued possession, as bicycles were rationed then in China. She also noted that given the current road situations, she would think twice about getting on a bicycle in the city.

SONJA STEPTOE ’85, SUSAN WEAVER ’88, AND ERIC ISAACSON ’85

BACK ROW: ANNA HO, CAITLIN HO WHALEN, PAUL INGUI, ELIZABETH SCHROEDER. FRONT ROW: STERLING INGUI, KEVIN HO WHALEN, ROBERT WHALEN, DARA

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

DUKE LAW IN CHINA “IF VIETNAM IS GOING TO REALIZE ITS ECONOMIC POTENTIAL, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INVESTORS MUST HAVE CONFIDENCE THAT LEGAL POLICY IS TRANSPARENT, CONSISTENT, AND PREDICTABLE.” ELI

AMONG THE DUKE FACULTY AND ALUMNI PARTICIPATING IN THE FULBRIGHT SCHOOL'S INAUGURAL CLASS IN LAW AND ECONOMICS WERE (SECOND ROW, MIDDLE, L–R): DAVID HARRISON ’99, PROFESSOR JAMES COX, ELI P. MAZUR ’02, AND PHAM XUAN HOANG AN ’02.

DUKE LAW IN

ESTABLISHING A FOOTPRINT IN THE NEXT

I

N JANUARY 2005, at the Fulbright Economics Teaching Program in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Brainerd Currie Professor of Law James D. Cox, Eli Paul Mazur ’02, and other Duke Law alumni took a major step towards securing what could be a significant new educational initiative for Duke Law School in Asia’s next economic tiger.

Recent economic reforms have transformed Vietnam, the world’s 13th most populous nation, into Asia’s second fastest growing economy, explained Mazur, but as one of the largest economies in the world that has yet to join the World Trade Organization, it is in the process of altering the foundations of its legal framework.

Mazur was hired in February 2004 by the Fulbright Economics Teaching Program to design a course in law and economics for Vietnam’s public policy makers.

“The legal education initiative is essential because an unpredictable legal framework is Vietnam’s major barrier to long-term investment and growth,” Mazur said.

“When investors realize that 80 percent of a bankrupt firm’s assets will disappear, or that 30 percent of the value of every contract dispute will be lost in unofficial fees, they are unwilling to take otherwise socially beneficial risks. In Vietnam, everyone knows

there is a problem. The challenge is how to design, build, and implement legal institutions with the social currency—the ability to resolve these problems.”

In January, Professor Cox taught a weeklong module exploring the theory of the firm, securities regulation, and competition policy to a class composed of Vietnam’s leading policy-makers, including members of Vietnam’s Supreme Court, National Assembly, State Bank, Tax Department, Department of Justice, and every major law faculty.

Cox also helped Mazur develop a course with five essential elements. First, policy-makers constructed a basic economic model for legal analysis. Second, an international team of mediation experts from Singapore guided them as they deployed their new economic models in exercises implicating imperfect legal rules and corruption. Third, Cox expanded the economic analysis to corporate organization and regulation. Fourth, Mazur led the participants in analyzing a major case study, based on original research in Vietnam, exploring the range of formal and informal barriers to private sector expansion. Finally, the policymakers were given the rare opportunity to question a panel of Vietnam’s primary legal drafters in an open forum.

“The response to the course was incredible,” said Mazur. “On the final day, many

participants approached me to say they were shocked that a course of this caliber, on an issue so potentially sensitive, could exist in Vietnam. Although these comments made the long hours worthwhile, they also provided a sense of urgency, a need to build on this momentum.”

In the next three years, Mazur will work to turn the legal initiative into a one year LLM program in Law and Economics, possibly to be offered by The National University of Singapore Faculty of Law. “If Vietnam is going to realize its economic potential, foreign and domestic investors must have confidence that legal policy is transparent, consistent, and predictable. Before this transparency becomes a reality, however, policy makers need to deeply understand the elements and benefits of this formula.”

Other Duke Law alumni who took part in the program were: Pham Xuan Hoang An ’02 and Nguyen Trang Thu ’01, both officials with Vietnam’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs; David Harrison ’00, currently a political officer at the U.S. Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City; Dang Xuan Hop ’99, a visiting fellow at the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law; and Lam Quynh Anh ’01, a lawyer for Freshfields office in Hanoi. d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING PROFESSOR THOMAS METZLOFF’S DOCUMENTARIES TAKE STUDENTS DEEP INTO SUPREME COURT CASES by FRANCES PRESMA

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Photos by TODD SHOEMAKER and THOMAS METZLOFF

“ WE LIGHT IT NOT TO DESECRATE IT; we light it to signify to everyone that Christ is alive, and Christ is well, even if it’s just in our hearts and not in yours. We do not burn the cross. We light the cross.

“Once the cross is completely lit, I’d say ‘Klansmen, salute.’

And that’s when they’d open their arms out in the sign of the cross. You’d hear music in the background playing ‘Amazing Grace.’ And you’d hear somebody say, ‘BEHOLD THE FIERY CROSS, STILL ILLUMINATING THE SKY BRILLIANTLY.’”

B

ARRY BLACK, neatly dressed in a gray suit jacket, crisp white dress shirt, and tie, sounds positively reverent as he describes the pageantry and symbolism involved in wrapping a 30-foot cross in rags, soaking it with kerosene, and setting it on fire. An imperial wizard of the Invisible Empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Black presided over such a ceremony in Carroll County, Virginia, one August night in 1998.

Black’s explanation of the ritual—and his clear passion for it—has 65 Duke Law alumni and their guests riveted in silence in a darkened classroom, apparently oblivious to the sunshine outside on a brilliant April morning. They pay rapt attention as two Carroll County law enforcement officers describe their reaction to seeing the cross set alight, and their rationale for arresting Black under a 40-year-old state law that prohibited cross burning. In the course of a 20-minute documentary, Black articulates his reasons for challenging his arrest, as opposed to just paying a fine—“I’d be letting my race down. I have to make people know that the Constitution of the United States of America still means something.” His attorneys, including Rod Smolla ’78, share their reasons for taking his case and outline their legal strategy, as do the attorneys who represented the Commonwealth of Virginia in the case that came to be known in the United States Supreme Court as Virginia v. Black.

BARRY BLACK, IMPERIAL WIZARD OF THE KU KLUX KLAN. OPPOSITE PAGE: SCENE OF THE CROSS-BURNING FROM THE VIRGINIA V. BLACK DOCUMENTARY.

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING

summer of 2003 conducting interviews What this questionnaire showed us is that The documentary ends with a review of for his first documentary about the case people were much more willing to say the Supreme Court arguments, but withof BMW v. Gore. The leading precedent on ‘Hey, the Court didn’t address this,’ or, “on out any summation of the Court’s April punitive damages and how judges should this part, I have a different view.’ It gave 2003 ruling. Instead, Professor Stuart control them, the case arose from an them an independent basis to assess the Benjamin opens a lively discussion, asking Alabama doctor’s dissatisfaction with the Court’s logic and rationale, which is one for reaction and then sharing the Court’s paint job on his new BMW sedan. In addiof our goals. We’re trying to create analytidecision—eight justices found the statute, tion to interviewing Dr. Gore, his lawyers, cal, legal thinkers.” which presumed an intent to intimidate and the attorney for BMW, Metzloff gathothers in the very act of cross burning, ered footage and a detailed explanation of to be unconstitutional as a regulation of Exposing Legal Strategy BMW’s different painting processes—total speech. One member of the audience quesDuke Law School also aims to produce top immersion in a paint bath, contrasted with tioned the decision, based on facts that had legal strategists, and the documentaries touch-ups by hand. come out in the documentary—a speaker expose students to the ways different cases “By learning exactly what was wrong at the Klan rally had advocated shooting come before the nation’s highest court. with the car, I came to understand BMW’s minorities right before the cross was lit, While many cases in the series involve policy in a better context. I came to underwhy didn’t the justices find the statute conmatters of constitutional law, they also stand the legal arguments and how they stitutional in that context? Another posed showcase other areas—civil and criminal fit together, and what was actually at stake hypothetical questions about how other procedure, property rights, and intellectual in the case. I figured that if I’m learning forms of speech, such as calls for jihad, or property, to name a few. (For a complete something having taught the case 20 times, holy war, might be controlled. list of cases, see box, page 36.) there’s something to it.”

Premiered during Duke Law School’s “We see how lawyers pick plaintiffs, we When he taught BMW v. Gore in his civil 2005 reunion weekend, Virginia v. Black see how they put cases together, and we is one of seven recent see how legal issues Supreme Court cases emerge from real given unique treatcases.

That’s a very “IT BRINGS THINGS ALIVE IN A WAY THAT IS HARD ment in the ongoing valuable component TO DO FROM JUST HAVING READ THE CASE. IT “Distinctive Aspects for training lawyers,” MAKES IT REAL—SUDDENLY IT INVOLVES REAL PEOPLE, AND REAL EVENTS, AND NOT JUST of American Law” says Metzloff.

ABSTRACTIONS.” — DONALD GARDNER ’65 documentary series “Watching how produced by Professor lawyers work from Thomas Metzloff. the very beginprocedure class last fall, Metzloff made Innovative teaching tools, the documentanings of a case all the way to the Supreme the documentary available to half the class, ries enhance the traditional case method Court—you see how the case changes and and then gave his students a pop quiz that by allowing law students and other viewthe arguments change,” observes Wood, included both factual and legal questions. ers—even attorneys steeped in practice—to who previously approached many of the He describes the educational impact of the explore precedent-setting cases with a cases as a student and then as an instructor documentary as surprisingly profound. depth and rigor unavailable by a simple in Metzloff’s introductory course for inter“The students who had seen the video reading of the decision. national LLM students. scored significantly higher on the factual “Most people learn better when they A number of cases in the series feature the questions. You can’t see the car being have multiple sources of information,” says participation of legal interest groups, offering repainted and not understand what’s Sarah Wood ‘03, a producer on the series. insight into how policy is made or changed wrong. If you just read it, you might miss “You read the case, and you get something through litigation, says Wood. These include that. But the students who saw the video out of that. You see the case, and you get Grutter v. Bollinger, the challenge to affirmative scored significantly higher—10 to 20 something out of that. Because of the way action policies in the University of Michigan percent higher—on every single question, that people learn, you get something visuLaw School’s admissions process, an effort ally that you don’t get from reading.” spearheaded by the Center for Individual including those about the legal signifi“Video is a powerful medium,” adds Rights, and Board of Education v. Earls, involvcance of the case. That shows they got Metzloff, who is known for his creative and ing an unsuccessful ACLU effort to stop drug interested, they read it, and they underengaging approaches to his civil procedure testing in high schools. stood it better in all respects.” and ethics classes. “Law school is based “These organizations might have an On the more subjective questions, on the case method—the facts matter. But issue that they are interested in, so they go Metzloff continues, the students showed a sometimes there are small details that looking for plaintiffs. They collect a bunch greater willingness to question the Court’s really make a difference. Video lets you of letters and pick the right plaintiff in the decision. “There is a tendency, among pull those details out.” right circuit—it’s very strategic,” she notes. all students, to read an opinion, and Having secured funding from The Other cases such as Black’s, may involve say, ‘that’s right.’ The courts are writing Atlantic Philanthropies, Metzloff spent the a legal interest group—there, the ACLU— in ways that are meant to be persuasive.

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

BARRY BLACK: Klansman “I don’t want to sound like I’m a bigot. I do want to sound like I’m a racist, because I am a racist. I believe that my pigmentation is my suit of armor. That’s my skin.

That’s my people.”

INSIDE VIRGINIA v. BLACK The documentary allows major players in the case to speak candidly about what is at stake, and provides in-depth analysis and context.

but begin as most litigation does, with an individual seeking representation.

Casey Dwyer ’06, who worked on the documentary project after her first year of law school, recalls participating in the interview with David Baugh, the African American lawyer who volunteered to represent Black, enlightening.

“I was incredibly struck by his passion for the First Amendment, and how much he cared about protecting rights.

He was willing to represent a guy who was basically arrested for his racism—he believes so strongly in the Constitution that he can put aside any personal feelings to represent him. It amazes me to see that the law is so much bigger than anyone’s personal beliefs—just

ROD SMOLLA ’78: Protecting speech “Do you want governments browsing the universe of symbols and starting to pick out those symbols that most scare it? And if you can ban a symbol it is but a short step to banning a word, or a set of words, or a particular message. And I think that a large part of the strength of our free speech tradition is that we’ve said that we don’t want to do that.”

how important it is to defend the Constitution, no matter what. From an ethics standpoint, it really teaches you about how you have to represent clients, and what should be the main goal.”

That’s exactly the reaction Metzloff wants.

“I believe law school is about lawyering, and having always taught ethics, I’m focused on how lawyers and clients interact. I think that comes through on the videos.”

Personalizing the Precedents Giving face and voice to the people behind the precedents powerfully increases the documentaries’ efficacy as teaching tools, Dwyer says. “You see there are two sides to every story. You care more about the case when you know the people. And you learn

DAVID BAUGH: Black’s attorney “A lot of people said, ‘Well, how could you defend a Klansman?’ It’s a no-brainer. I understand that the Constitution is a set of principles and if you’re going to protect my right to say what I want to say, I have to defend that guy.”

WILLIAM HURD: Defending Virginia’s cross-burning ban “The burning cross doesn’t simply say that I hate you because you’re black.

It says instead something far more dangerous. It says that if you are black, of if you are Mexican, or if you are Jewish, and you try to live your life as a free American, that we are not going to let you. That if you don’t succumb to what we want you to do, there’s going to be violence. That is the message of a burning cross.”

the law more because you want to know what happens to them.”

Metzloff agrees, adding that it is important for students to appreciate the impact of being involved in a Supreme Court case.

“The parties get put into the national limelight, and not everyone wants to do that—Dr. Gore did not want to give any interviews, and feels that to some extent he was pilloried in the press as just being out to make a lot of money. His view going in was that his car was defective, and he wasn’t told about it. When you hear his story, you can really ask the question, ‘How would you feel if you had bought this car, and this had happened to you? What would you do about it?’

“I don’t know if [the litigants] are all Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING

Case Documentaries AVAILABLE FALL 2005:

BMW of North America v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559 (1996) Issue: Constitutional limits on punitive damages.

Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002) Issue: Whether drug testing of students in extracurricular activities violates the Fourth Amendment.

Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council, THOMAS METZLOFF, TODD SHOEMAKER, SARAH WOOD ’03

FROM THE GORE V. BMW FILM: THE CAR IN QUESTION

transformed, but they are all affected by it. It’s a life experience, and it’s something that’s special. For some, it’s kind of a curiosity, for some it’s a burden, and for some it’s transformative.”

Marla Zimmerman ’06, who spent a summer working on the project, says that she’ll never forget the way their involvement in the cases affected the participants she met, such as Lindsay Earls, the young Oklahoma woman at the center of the high school drug testing case.

“It was clear that the case took up a lot of time and energy. [They] start believing in the cause, and losing can be crushing.

When you are reading a case, it’s really easy to forget that it involves real people experiencing real things that could happen to anybody. Now I read the facts of a case, I wonder why they brought the suit—what made them so upset to do it? A lot of the time the facts that are in the opinion don’t tell you the whole story.”

Metzloff calls it a privilege to have traveled the country meeting with the principal players in recent major cases.

“I do think they are sort of special—they have a courage, or a stubbornness that is something that I don’t have. I can’t think of a single case where I’ve said, ‘I’m going to get a lawyer, I’m going to fight.’ Each of these people has a sense of what’s right— whether you agree with it or not—that they hold with a passion and a commitment that is so strong. That’s really impressive.

Because each of them has paid in their own way for heading up the cause they’ve led.”

Metzloff says that he and his crew— Wood, videographer Todd Shoemaker, and a number of student researchers—take seriously their responsibility to be fair to the litigants and all attorneys, giving equal voice to each side of every case. Most cru-

cial is staying true to the facts.

“We are constantly editing with the record in mind. We’ve read the opinion, we know what the Supreme Court focused on, and know where the story has to end up. The Court considers and discusses the arguments that the lawyers have made, so we read the briefs, we read the lower court opinions, and we keep in mind what the case is legally about.”

Virginia v. Black won high praise from the alumni who attended its reunion premiere.

“I thought it was fascinating. It brings things alive in a way that is hard to do from just having read the case,” said Donald Gardner ’65. “It makes it real—suddenly it involves real people, and real events, and not just abstractions.”

“Fantastic,” was the assessment of Eric Isaacson ’85. “It’s so easy to come to a case with your perceptions and attitudes—this helps get you to see it fully.”

Metzloff—and everyone involved with the project—is excited about the versatility of the documentaries, which so far have won a number of awards; apart from their obvious relevance for law students in a wide range of classes, they are easily accessible to undergraduates, practitioners through continuing education programs, even high school students.

“Every high school kid in the country learns about the Supreme Court, and this is a wonderful way for teachers to engage students about important topics. We try very hard not to make them technical, because the legal issues in these cases don’t have to be overwhelming. Law is about how the Constitution should apply to real world problems. These documentaries should be available to anybody who wants to think seriously about issues such as the First Amendment or the separation of church and state.” d

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

505 U.S. 1003 (1992) Issue: Whether environmental regulation of beachfront property violates the Takings Clause.

Republican Party of Minnesota v. White, 536 U.S. 765 (2002) Issue: First Amendment rights of judicial candidates to express opinions on disputed legal or political issues.

Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003) Issue: Whether Virginia’s cross-burning statute violates the First Amendment.

Locke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004) Issue: Whether denial of a state scholarship to a theology student violates the First Amendment.

Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983) Issue: Constitutionality of opening Nebraska legislature sessions with a prayer.

AVAILABLE SPRING 2006:

Van Orden v. Perry, 125 S. Ct. 2854 (2005) Issue: Constitutionality of Ten Commandments display on the Texas Capitol grounds.

Moseley v. V Secret, 537 U.S. 418 (2003) Issue: Interpretation of Federal Trademark Dilution Act.

Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 982 (2003) Issue: Constitutionality of University of Michigan’s affirmative action policy.

Boy Scouts v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000) Issue: Constitutionality of Boy Scouts’ policy excluding homosexuals.

Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000) Issue: Constitutionality of Nebraska’s partial-birth abortion ban.

Green Tree Fin. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79 (2000) Issue: Constitutionality of a mandatory arbitration clause in a consumer contract.

Granholm v. Heald, 125 S. Ct. 1885 (2005) Issue: Constitutionality of state bans on importation of out-of-state wine.

For more information, or to order videos as they become available: Professor Thomas B. Metzloff Duke University School of Law Box 90360 • Durham, North Carolina 27708-0360 919-613-7055 • metzloff@law.duke.edu (cost: $35 per individual case)

Photo: Chris Hildreth

THE INNOCENCE PROJECT STUDENTS INVESTIGATE PLAUSIBLE CLAIMS OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION By Gergely Kanyicska ’05

O

N THE NIGHT of December 9, 1995, 33-year-old Jill Marker was found brutally beaten behind the artificial Christmas trees at her workplace in the Silk Plant Forest, a store in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, specializing in decorative knick-knacks and imitation plants. The assault was vicious; had Marker not been discovered by a registered nurse, she likely would have died at the store. She suffered permanent brain damage in

the attack, and cannot live independently or care for her young son.

Visually impaired since the attack, Marker had by 1999 completely lost her sight as the result of her injuries.

Almost two years after it occurred, Kalvin Michael Smith was convicted of assault with intent to kill in the attack on Marker, who identified him at trial as her assailant. Now serving a 28-year sentence at the Alexander Correctional Institution in Taylorsville, Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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THE INNOCENCE PROJECT THE INNOCENCE PROJECT

NC, Smith has steadfastly proclaimed his innocence. After a two-year investigation, Duke Law student volunteers handling his case for the Innocence Project believe he is telling the truth.

“Almost all the factors that contribute to wrongful convictions were present in Smith’s case,” says Emily Coward ’06, currently the lead investigative manager. “That includes misinformation convincing police that Smith was guilty, the questionable testimony of informants, a dogged focus by the investigation on one theory of the case to the exclusion of other likely scenarios, intense and coercive interrogation resulting in a dubious confession that he later recanted, unreliable eye-witness identification at trial, and the lack of an adequate case put forth by the defense.”

The Innocence Project gives students the opportunity to pursue claims by incarcerated felons who have plausible claims of actual innocence. It is a student organization under the auspices of the North Carolina Center on Actual Innocence, which oversees Duke’s Innocence Project, as well as those at the law schools of the University of North Carolina, North Carolina Central University, and Campbell University, and UNC-Chapel Hill’s School of Journalism and Mass Communication.

Professor James Coleman and Associate Dean Theresa Newman ’88 are Duke’s faculty advisers to the Innocence Project.

They also teach a class on how wrongful convictions occur, and how they can be investigated and challenged. Both are leaders in law reform efforts surrounding the issue, and serve on the North Carolina Actual Innocence Commission established

by North Carolina Supreme Court Chief Justice I. Beverly Lake.

“The Innocence Project was founded with the belief that no matter what people’s views on crime may be, no one wants to see the innocent imprisoned,” says Newman, who is also president of the Center on Actual Innocence. “Additionally, the Innocence Project provides students with a unique opportunity to do something they might not otherwise do, but the skills learned—fact investigation, analytical thinking, organization of materials—are transferable to every area of legal practice.”

“It has been the highlight of my law school career,” says David Bernstein ‘06,

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

“THE INNOCENCE PROJECT WAS FOUNDED WITH THE BELIEF THAT NO MATTER WHAT PEOPLE’S VIEWS ON CRIME MAY BE, NO ONE WANTS TO SEE THE INNOCENT IMPRISONED.” — ASSOCIATE DEAN THERESA NEWMAN ’88 NEWMAN AND PROFESSOR JIM COLEMAN ARE FACULTY ADVISORS FOR THE PROJECT

one of the students who has worked on Smith’s case. “Investigating a case with the Innocence Project tends to utilize skills seldom used in law school, working a real case and interacting with people impacted by the law. It is much less ‘ivory tower,’ much more action than the typical day-to-day of highlighters and books.

“We are trying to collect as much information as we can about what really happened,” says Bernstein of the Smith investigation. “Although it appears clear that he is innocent, we are trying to figure out how to best persuade a court to take a second look at his conviction.”

“We are still in the investigative stage and we hope to file a Motion for Appropriate Relief before long,” adds Coward.

Building a case Kalvin Smith was not a suspect early in the police investigation, according to the Innocence Project investigation. Another man, Shane Fletcher, had made a detailed telephone confession from a mental institution in Butner, NC in April 1996, but medical records later cleared him by showing that he was confined to psychiatric care at Forsyth Medical Center during the attack.

A reporter investigating the case for a series in The Winston-Salem Journal, Phoebe Zerwick, learned that an acquaintance of Marker’s, Kenneth Lamoureux, was admitted to the same ward as Fletcher just a few days after the Silk Plant Forest attack, and before Fletcher made his confession. Two witnesses reported seeing Lamoureux talking with Marker an hour before the attack.

Coward and other students working on

Smith’s case share Zerwick’s belief that Fletcher could have learned about the attack from Lamoureux, which would explain his knowledge of the details.

Police dropped Lamoureux as a suspect when Marker, semi-conscious after 10 months in a coma, identified her assailant only as a black man.

According to the students’ investigation, the police focus first turned on Smith in June 1996 when he was named in an anonymous tip to Crime Stoppers. The tipster turned out to be a jilted girlfriend bent on revenge.

Although Smith was cleared by a polygraph test, he was named by another girlfriend seven months later; she later claimed she had simply wanted to punish him for his philandering, and had based her tip on the details he gave her about the earlier one.

Smith admitted to being under the influence of beer and marijuana when he met with the lead investigator, Don Williams, “to straighten things out” after he was called in for an interview regarding the second tip. Although this interview was not recorded, Coward notes that the police report indicates that 24-year-old Smith reacted emotionally to Williams’s accusations and intense questioning, eventually succumbing to the detective’s assertion that confessing to involvement would be in his best interest.

False confessions can be coerced even from unimpaired suspects through ordinary interrogation techniques, Newman points out.

“Well-trained interrogators limit suspects’ perceived options until the suspect sees no alternative but to agree to one of the scenarios presented just to end the questioning. At

THE INNOCENCE PROJECT

times ‘proper’ interrogation can even cause suspects to doubt their own memories.”

Smith recanted his confession before trial, and it was not introduced, having been totally inconsistent with the evidence of the crime, Coward notes. But testimony against him was gathered in a similarly coercive fashion; for example, investigators apparently offered one prosecution witness the option between freedom for cooperation and a lengthy prison sentence.

“The evidence was flimsy and inconsistent,” Coward says. “The testimony of the prosecution’s witnesses did not so much fit the evidence as it fit the prosecution’s theory about what happened. There were more likely suspects, but the defense did not effectively point out the glaring problems with the prosecution’s case.”

Although Marker identified Smith as her assailant at trial, she made the identification by pointing and nodding from her wheelchair. “Defense lawyers did not cross-examine her because she was unable to speak, only gesture,” Coward continues.

“It was impossible for her to answer complex questions, and defense counsel did not want to appear to be attacking the victim.”

“Looking back, Marker’s identification was wholly unreliable,” Coleman says.

“But it was a show for the jury, and it was very effective,” adds Newman.

Coward, along with Joe Davis ’07, flew to Ohio last fall to interview Marker and her family. “Her parents told us that she continues to be sure that she accurately identified her assailant,” Coward says. “She has trouble communicating these days, so we were mostly just able to greet her—we weren’t able to ask her any questions.”

Eyewitnesses find it emotionally difficult to entertain the possibility that they may have made a mistake, observes Coward.

“For the Marker family, Kalvin’s conviction gave them closure, and it’s very painful to revisit the subject of the attack.”

The identification alone may not have secured the conviction. Post-trial interviews indicated that some jurors based their decision on the lack of a defense; convinced that the prosecution had failed to make a case against Smith, his lawyers did not present a case in rebuttal. “[The conviction] did not have to happen,” Coward says. “Had Kalvin been better educated about his rights, had the people

who testified against him been less easy to manipulate, or his defense attorney more effective, Kalvin never would have been convicted.

“I am committed to working on this case because I am increasingly convinced that Kalvin did not commit this crime,” Coward goes on. “I am as certain as anyone can be that he is innocent. I’m very hopeful that all the parties involved will come to the same conclusion, and that Kalvin will ultimately be released.”

Coward credits Zerwick’s 2004 investigative series in The Winston-Salem Journal as having been enormously helpful in raising the profile of the case and putting pressure on the district attorney and WinstonSalem police to cooperate.

“The district attorney signed a EMILY COWARD ’06 IS THE INNOCENCE PROJECT’S LEAD INVESTIGATIVE MANAGER ON THE SMITH CASE voluntary consent order granting us access to all their files largely due to Zerwick’s articles. We have The student volunteers have made progress, been in regular contact with the DA’s office though. The State Bureau of Investigation is and the police since, and that access has been currently investigating possible police misconextremely useful in getting a sense of what duct in withholding evidence in the Smith case; went wrong.” the outcome of that investigation might give In spite of a community-wide outcry over Smith grounds for an appeal. And based on recommendations from the North Carolina Actual the mishandling of the case, public opinInnocence Commission, the Winston-Salem ion alone is not enough to win Smith his police have begun videotaping all interrogafreedom, notes Coward. She hopes that the tions in felony investigations. publicity surrounding the 2003 exoneraNewman and Coleman hope the tion of Darryl Hunt, who served 18 years in Innocence Project will eventually be able prison for a Forsyth County rape that he did to employ a full-time investigator and postnot commit, will help gain some legal tracgraduate fellows to work case files. They tion for Smith’s claim of innocence. also would like to recruit practitioners to “Many of the people I’ve interviewed for assist students with the legal work involved the case have said that Darryl Hunt has in innocence cases, in order to maximize made them more aware that sometimes even the learning experience and make progress innocent people are convicted of crimes.” in more cases.

Reflecting on what she has learned from “With more help from experienced pracher Innocence Project work, Coward says it titioners, students will learn—at least in has made her cognizant of the fallibility of some cases—that justice can be done, even the system. if it takes a very long time,” says Coleman.

“Even with the burden of proof and the According to Coward, her Innocence unanimity requirement, juries aren’t always Project work has already been rewarding. going to ‘get it right.’ And if something “It has made me aware that there are goes wrong, and an innocent person is problems in our criminal justice system. convicted, it’s extremely difficult to undo There is room for reform. The system can that conviction, especially if, as in this case, be much better.” d there is no DNA evidence.”

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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{Faculty Focus Neil Vidmar: Searching for truth in tort reform

H

aving studied medical malpractice cases and settlements around the country for 15 years, professor Neil Vidmar says he can’t emphasize one point too strongly. “I’m very sympathetic to doctors —they are caught in a financial squeeze. In the last few years, their insurance rates have shot up enormously, while Medicare and Medicaid rates have gone down. So they’re being squeezed at two ends—in terms of their income and in terms of their liability insurance.”

But through a series of empirical studies Vidmar, Russell M. Robinson, II professor of law and professor of social sciences, has found that the conventional wisdom blaming the squeeze on sky-high jury awards and greedy trial lawyers is simply wrong.

Exposing the myths In recent months, Vidmar has released two studies. One involved closed malpractice claims in Florida, co-authored by Dr. Paul Lee of Duke University Medical Center and law students Kara MacKillop ’06 and Keiran McCarthy ’06. The other examined medical malpractice jury awards in Illinois.

“Out of the million dollar cases we’ve looked at, very few are settled by juries, and more often than not, juries side with the doctor,” says Vidmar. He found no evidence that juries are befuddled by expert testimony or target doctors’ “deep pockets.” In the cases where jury awards have been high, he notes, the award is usually settled after judgment, usually for the upper limit of the physician’s insurance policy. He cites one example in his data set from Illinois, in which a $30 million award against two physicians settled for a payout of $2 million, the amount of their malpractice coverage.

“Of course only the $30 million ver-

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dict was reported in the newspapers, and that’s what’s reported in the statistics.”

Plaintiffs’ lawyers often contribute to the myth, adds Vidmar, by publicizing their jury successes—not the amounts their clients actually recover.

Further discounting the impact of jury awards on malpractice premiums is the prevalence of “high-low agreements;” before trial, or even during trial, the parties agree to

WHITE COATS AND WHITE KNIGHTS: THE TUSSLE OVER TORT REFORM Tort reform was also the topic of a unique interdisciplinary collaboration on April 19th, when Don Beskind ’77 director of the Law School’s Trial Practice Program debated Dr. Rich Bruch, an orthopaedist and past-president of the North Carolina Medical Society at Duke University Medical Center on the topic.

The debate was sponsored by the Law School, Duke School of Medicine, and Duke Divinity School.

maximum and minimum payouts regardless of the jury’s verdict.

“This is another invisible factor that we never see or read about in the litigation process,” says Vidmar, citing an Illinois case where the plaintiff recovered $3 million as the previously agreed minimum, even though the jury sided with the defendant.

Vidmar has seen little in his research to support the image of greedy, grasping trial lawyers terrorizing doctors with frivolous suits. “[Medical malpractice] is a specialized field, and a very difficult one. The costs of lit-

igation are so high, that filing frivolous cases makes no economic sense. Insurers do not settle frivolous cases because that practice would invite more lawsuits. Plaintiff lawyers working on a contingency basis don’t invest in cases they are likely to lose.”

What the settlements show Since the vast majority of malpractice claims and suits are settled, more accurate reasons underlying doctors’ escalating premiums are buried in settlement records, Vidmar says. He has found a gold mine of data in Florida, where closed malpractice insurance claims must be filed with the Department of Health. In their study released in March, Vidmar and his co-authors examined claims filed between 1990 and 2003, including cases in which the plaintiff got nothing and ones in which lawsuits were never filed.

“After every claim, the liability insurer gets a doctor or a team of doctors to assess the negligence. It’s non-discoverable. They make an assessment as to whether or not there is negligence. In many cases, I think the insurer looks at the claim and says, ‘Negligence here is unquestionable. Why should we try to fight this case when it’s going to cause a lot of publicity and will run up costs—why spend the money when we’re going to lose anyway?’

“And all the evidence we’ve got seems very consistent with that—they make their decisions independently based on liability, but otherwise they fight tooth and nail.”

From the empirical data he has seen, which includes detailed records of awards and settlements relating to minor plaintiffs, Vidmar derives another insight: Even if incidents of medical malpractice have not risen—and the numbers of claims filed have remained remarkably stable—the costs asso-

Faculty Focus “Out of the million dollar cases we’ve looked at, very few are settled by juries, and more often than not, juries side with the doctor.”

Neil Vidmar, Russell M. Robinson, II professor of law and professor of psychology

NEIL VIDMAR

ciated with them have increased.

“Babies injured at birth might have died at one time, but now we can keep them alive. They might need intensive and expensive care for many years. It is a moral, societal obligation to provide that care, but it does strain the medical system.”

Deflecting blame Some of the difficulties in the liability insurance industry are part of a natural business cycle, although sometimes the insurance industry has contributed to the problem, by underpricing premiums and investing poorly, Vidmar argues. He cites an incident when a doctor-owned “bed-pan mutual” in Mississippi invested a substantial part of its reserves—the funds reserved to settle claims—in the stock market, as

opposed to the bond market.

“When the stock market tanked, [the mutual] blamed it on the tort system. They told the doctors they’d have to raise their rates. It’s a deflection of blame, and it isn’t right.”

Vidmar goes so far as to accuse the business lobby—the U.S. and state chambers of commerce—of placing all of the blame for the insurance crisis on the tort system. “They have manipulated the doctors and misled them.”

Doctors, legislators, and the public have also been misguided in thinking that statutory caps on awards for pain and suffering will relieve the financial squeeze facing doctors, according to Vidmar. Insurers themselves have admitted that caps will not reduce insurance rates. Moreover, the relatively low caps of about $250,000 proposed in most tort reform packages would disproportionately affect those plaintiffs who can’t claim large economic losses—often women and minorities—but whose emotional harm in losing the ability to function normally is great.

“The Wisconsin Supreme Court just overturned a cap on pain and suffering on the equal protection ground that it disadvantages the most seriously injured

Neil Vidmar: Recent scholarship relating to medical malpractice Medical Malpractice Lawsuits: An Essay on Patient Interests, the Contingency Fee System, Juries, and Social Policy, 38 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 1221 (2005) Vidmar et al., Uncovering the “Invisible“ Profile of Medical Malpractice Litigation, 54 DePaul Law Review 315 (2005) Vidmar, Medical Malpractice and the Tort System in Illinois, May 2005 Available at: http://www.isba.org Vidmar, Medical Malpractice and the American Jury: Confronting the Myths about Jury Incompetence, Deep Pockets, and Outrageous Damage Awards (University of Michigan, 1995)

person because patients with relatively minor injuries receive full compensation for their pain and suffering, while those with far more serious injuries receive proportionately far less.”

Reports of doctors fleeing certain areas are also misleading, he says. Using directories published by the American Medical Association, Vidmar determined that the numbers of doctors had actually increased in certain Illinois counties—alleged “judicial hellholes”—widely thought to be facing a shortfall of crisis proportions Next steps Vidmar is continuing his research of settlement and litigation records around the country, in collaboration with Lee—“he keeps me honest from a doctor’s perspective”—and with the “wonderful help” of assistants MacKillop and McCarthy.

He is now starting to explore the extent to which subrogation liens to which insurers are entitled might be having an effect on the tort system.

“Federal law requires Medicare and Medicaid to recover any expenses they incur as the result of the negligence of a third party. So if a doctor is negligent, and Medicare has to pay for it, Medicare has an obligation under the law to recover those monies. And it does. As taxpayers, we are sort of silent plantiffs.” While technically these public insurers are entitled to recover the totality of their expenses, they also settle their liens with plaintiffs undertaking litigation—“still another invisible process.”

As an empiricist, Vidmar says he has, indeed, found a treasure trove in issues relating to medical malpractice, all of which have broader import.

“My ultimate goal is to develop a profile of the litigation process. I hope to someday write that book, using medical malpractice as the example.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Faculty Focus Book Review

Admired but unwelcome American lawyers Book Review by Kichimoto Asaka ’87

A

Paul D. Carrington’s Spreading America’s Word: Stories of Its Lawyer-Missionaries (Twelve Tables Press, 2005)

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

of law in the United States cannot be merican lawyers, in the aggregate, accepted at face value, or that it contains are admired because they are a double standard. widespread in American society and Professor Paul Carrington’s new play a variety of roles, not limited to the book, Spreading America’s Word, is traditional functions of lawyers. They are full of examples of failed attempts admired because they are a role model

by American “lawyer-missionaries” for foreign countries as the champions of to share their democratic vision with freedom and democracy. But American diverse people around the world. The lawyers are unwelcome on foreign soils roots of this evangelism could be because they are considered to be arrogant, seen in the “unalienable rights” in the self-confident, and self-aggrandizing.

Declaration of Independence written by Even when the lawyers proclaim the Thomas Jefferson. Among those lawyercauses of the rule of law or freedom and missionaries were famous politicians democracy, American economic interests such as “War Hawk” Henry Clay, pacifist are often intertwined with those causes.

William Jennings Bryan, imperialist Some recent news from the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, and prophet Woodrow including fumbles in Iraq after the victory Wilson, notorious figures such as J. Edgar in battlefields and the passive stance of Hoover and Joseph R. McCarthy, the current Bush administration and not-so-well-known figures on the measures against global like William Walker, who tried to warming by expressly citing build his empire by bringing thugs domestic business interests, into Nicaragua, but was eventually were nothing new to foreign executed. Their activities reached people. And they knew that even around the world to Liberia, the the precious rule of law had Middle East, the Pacific, and sometimes been conveniently set Central America. However, what aside by American lawyers.

CARRINGTON those lawyer-missionaries were How many Americans propagating—collective self-government remember that a United States Marine and a multi-faceted concept of “individual jet flew unusually low and cut an Alpine rights”—was not actually consistent, sky gondola cable in Italy, causing because those who claim property rights the death of 20 passengers in 1998? or other individual rights in foreign Or that a United States submarine countries have not infrequently subverted demonstrating a surfacing maneuver for self-government and its legal institutions. its civilian guests off Hawaii slammed In addition, lawyer-missionaries have into a Japanese fishery school vessel, tended to have been blind to the reality of causing the death of nine students the relationship between legal institutions and teachers in 2001? The pilot was and the culture in the host societies, which court-martialed but acquitted, and the tends to be divided along racial, tribal, skipper was reprimanded but not courtethnic, religious, and class lines. martialed. Yes, families of victims were These lawyer-missionaries were guilty of compensated, but is it a consolation that several examples of unprincipled conduct. the justice not done by the American International law was blatantly violated in military “justice” system was much Panama in 1903. Such rebels as Emilio better than the “justice” by the standard Aguinaldo y Famy—George Washington for of Saddam Hussein’s regime? Even if Filipinos—and Nicaragua’s Augusto Caldemany Americans forgot those incidents, ron Sandino were dismissed by American disillusioned foreign people would lawyer-missionaries as traitors. The United remember and be convinced that the rule

Faculty Focus States expanded its territory by “liberating” those countries from imperial powers or just by keeping them from enemies. On the other hand, American ideas and values, which lawyer-missionaries tried to transplant in other lands, were not so deeply rooted even in the United States as most Americans would like to suppose. In addition to the mishandling of granting democracy and freedom to Native Americans and African Americans, epidemics of “moral influenza” or hysteria were repeated in the hostility against German-Americans, the Red Scare, the internment of JapaneseAmericans, and the McCarthy Committee.

Even the post-World War II success stories in Germany and Japan cannot be easily replicated in other situations, because those countries were in exceptionally favorable circumstances, Carrington claims. He has never been a naive cheerleader of American causes in his previous works including Stewards of Democracy: Law as a Public Profession (1999). But he is not a Draconian accuser either, and tries to be cautious not to second-guess the past. And at the individual level, he acknowledges, some lawyermissionaries made wise judgments on some occasions and mistakes in others. Still, he

emphasizes the virtue of diffidence—selfknowledge and local knowledge—for the lawyer-missionaries who have been trained to practice this diffidence in their professional work. One lawyer-missionary with diffidence was Jens I. Westengard, who treated the culture of the Siamese with respect, won their confidence, and contributed to their development of legal institutions.

Japan has been one of the few beneficiaries, rather than a victim, of American lawyermissionaries during the last one and a half centuries, which have included the periods of swift Westernization in the late 19th century and the post-World War II occupation. Carrington gives credits to the preparedness and the relative homogeneity on the side of Japanese society.

A recent development regarding the Constitution of Japan of 1946 provides circumstantial evidence of Carrington’s thesis. Nationalist politicians in Japan had been contemptuous of the Constitution as an “imposed Constitution” drafted by the occupation force of Douglas MacArthur.

However, when the possible constitutional amendments began to be discussed openly and the research commission of each

house of the Diet (Parliament) reviewed the document thoroughly in April 2005, it seems to have been found to be difficult to reach a consensus on what was wrong with particular constitutional provisions.

One of the hotly debated issues is whether the bicameral parliament should be maintained or the upper house should be abolished or stripped of substantial powers. Ironically, the first draft of the Constitution by the staff of MacArthur provided for a unicameral parliament, but the Japanese cabinet successfully insisted on the bicameral parliament in 1946. Based on the experience of the following 60 years, belatedly Japan seems to appreciate the wisdom of the first proposal by diffident American lawyer-missionaries.

Yes, American lawyers can be admired, so long as the lessons from the past generations of lawyer-missionaries, which have been long forgotten by collective amnesia but are fully recited in this Carrington’s book, are heeded by successive generations. d Kichimoto Asaka ’87 is a professor of law at the University of Tokyo. He is a visiting scholar at Duke Law School through the Fall 2005 term.

Bradley honored with Richard and Marcy Horvitz chair

C

urtis A. Bradley, a renowned scholar in the areas of public international and foreign relations law, joined the Duke Law faculty on July 1, 2005, as the first Richard and Marcy Horvitz professor of law and associate director of the Program in Public Law. “Through their support of the Program in Public Law, Richard Horvitz [’78] and his late wife, Marcy, have supported a rich intellectual menu of conferences, speakers, seminars, and other special events on public law topics at the Law School.

With the addition of Curits Bradley to the constitutional law faculty, Duke’s expertise at the intersection of executive powers, foreign affairs and national security is absolutely unparalleled,” said Dean Katharine Bartlett.

“It is appropriate that Professor Bradley will hold the Horvitz professorship, given both the importance in recruiting Curt of Duke’s presence in public law, which the Horvitz gifts have helped make possible, and the added strength Curt in turn brings to Duke’s public law program.” d CURTIS A. BRADLEY

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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{Faculty Notes Katharine Bartlett Member, Presidential Transition Team, and Planning Committee, Inauguration of Richard H. Brodhead as Ninth President of Duke University, 2004 Represented Duke at the Inauguration of Kenneth W. Starr ‘73 as the Dean of Pepperdine University School of Law, September 2004 Member, 2004-2005 Law School Development Committee, American Bar Association Section on Legal Education & Admissions to the Bar Presentation, “Update on the Law School’s Strategic Plan,” Duke University Board of Trustees, October 2004

Presenter, “The Trial of Terrorism Cases in the Article III Federal Courts,” Federal Judicial Center training session, Duke Law School, March 2005 Speaker, “Criminal Law: Whose Frontal Cortex Anyway? The Supreme Court’s Two Sentencing Cases This Term: Roper v. Simmons (juvenile death penalty) and Booker v. United States (sentencing guidelines),” conference on Law, Behavior, and the Brain, Gruter Institute, Squaw Valley, CA, May 2005 Attendee as incoming Reporter, Meetings of Criminal Rules Committee, Charleston, SC, April 2005; Judicial Conference Standing Committee on Criminal Rules, San Francisco, January 2005 and Boston, June 2005

Panel Member, “The Role of the Dean in the Fund-raising Process,” Section on Institutional Advancement, Association of American Law Schools Annual Meeting, San Francisco, January 2005

Member, Advisory Committee, AALS Journal of Legal Education

Appointed, North Carolina Chief Justice’s Commission on Professionalism, January 2005

Member, Board of the International Society for the Reform of Criminal Law

Appointed, Board of the American Law Deans Association, February 2005 Member, Duke University President’s Senior Leadership Group, 2004-2005 Moderator, Plenary Session, “Law Schools--Que Vadis,” Jackson Hole VIII, Conference on Law School Development for Deans and Administrators, Jackson Hole, WY, June 2005 Sara Beale The Many Faces of Overcriminalization: From Morals and Mattress Tags to Overfederalization, 54 American University Law Review 747-782 (2005) (Symposium) What Developments in Western Europe Tell Us About American Critiques of Corporate Criminal Liability, 8 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 89-163 (2004) (with Adam G. Safwat) Speaker, “Federal Sentencing Guidelines After Booker,” ABA National Institute on White Collar Crime, Las Vegas, March 2005; Federal Sentencing Guidelines Seminar sponsored by the Federal Bar Association, the ABA, the United States Sentencing Commission, San Francisco, May 2005

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Member, ABA Criminal Justice Standards Committee

Stuart Benjamin Evaluating the FCC’s National Television Ownership Cap: What’s Bad for Broadcasting Is Good for the Country, 46 William & Mary Law Review 439-511 (2004) 2005 Supplement to TELECOMMUNICATIONS LAW AND POLICY (2001) (with Douglas Gary Lichtman & Howard A. Shelanski) Appointed, associate dean for research, Duke Law School, January 2005 Francesca Bignami The Challenge of Cooperative Regulatory Relations after Enlargement, in Law and Governance in an Enlarged Europe 97140 (George Bermann & Katharina Pistor eds., 2004) Presenter, “Creating Rights in the Age of Global Governance,” Conference on Administrative Law and Process in the U.S. and Abroad: Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, University of San Diego School of Law and University of California, San Diego Department of Political Science, January 2005 Presenter, “Civil Society and Global Governance,” Faculty Workshop, University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign, February 2005

Panelist, “The EU’s New Ambitions,” American Society of International Law Annual Meeting, April 2005 Foreword, 68 Law & Contemporary Problems 1-20 (Winter 2004) originally published as, Introduzione, in Il procedimento amministrativo nel diritto europeo, Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, Quaderno n. 1, 1-30 (Francesca Bignami & Sabino Cassese eds., 2004) Mixed Administration in the European Data Protection Directive: The Regulation of International Data Transfers, 54 Rivista Trimestrale di Diritto Pubblico 31-58 (2004) Three Generations of Participation Rights Before the European Commission, 68 Law & Contemporary Problems 61-107 (Winter 2004), originally published as, Tre generazioni di diritti di partecipazione nei procedimenti amministrativi europei, in Il procedimento amministrativo nel diritto europeo, Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, Quaderno n. 1, 87-124 (Francesca Bingami & Sabino Cassese eds., 2004) Special Editor, The Administrative Law of the European Union, 68 Law & Contemporary Problems (Winter 2004), orignally published as, Il Procedimento amministrativo nel diritto europeo, Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico, Quaderno n. 1 (2004) (with Sabino Cassese) Transgovernmental Networks vs.

Democracy: The Case of the European Information Privacy Network, 26 Michigan Journal of International Law 807-868 (2005) Curtis Bradley Congressional Authorization and the War on Terrorism, 118 Harvard Law Review 2047-2133 (2005) (with Jack L. Goldsmith) Rejoinder: The War on Terrorism: International Law, Clear Statement Requirements, and Constitutional Design, 188 Harvard Law Review 2683-2697 (2005) (with Jack L. Goldsmith) Participant, debate on Medellin v. Dretke, Columbia Law School, February 2005 Faculty, Fourth Circuit Judicial workshop on Alien Tort Statute, Williamsburg, March 2005

Faculty Notes Presenter, “Issues relating to national security, detention, and legal aspects of the war on terror,” Federal Judicial Center training session, Duke Law School, March 2005 Presenter, “Congressional Authorization and the War on Terrorism,” symposium, Harvard Law School, April 2005 Moderator, “The President and International Law in the War on Terrorism,” at “Strategies for the War on Terror: Taking Stock,” Duke University, April 2005 Presenter, “Unratified Treaties and the Constitution,” University of Chicago Law School, May 2005 Awarded Richard and Marcy Horvitz chair, July 2005 Paul Carrington Asbestos Litigation in the United States: Delay in Court and Premature Adjudication, in The Law’s Delay: Essays on Undue Delay in Civil Litigation 69-82 (C.H. van Rhee ed., Intersentia 2004) Clients I Remember: Part Five, 15 Experience 31-33 (Spring 2005) Preface to George W. Liebmann, THE COMMON LAW TRADITION: A COLLECTIVE PORTRAIT OF FIVE LEGAL SCHOLARS ix-xviii (2005) Speaker, “St. George Tucker,” College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe Law School, January 2005 Speaker, “Renewing the Supreme Court,” The Federalist Society, Washington D.C., February 2005; Harvard Law School Reunion Weekend, March 2005; American Academy of Appellate Lawyers, Denver, March 2005; Federalist Society, Washington, D.C., April 2005; Max Planck Institute of Private International Law, Hamburg, June 2005; Humbolt University, Berlin, June 2005; Albert Ludwigs Universitat, Frieburg en Breisgau, June, 2005; Universitat Meunster, June 2005 Gastprofessor, Bucerius Law School, Hamburg, May and June 2005 Speaker, “Spreading America’s Word,” Free University of Brussels, June 2005 Erwin Chemerinsky CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Aspen Law & Business, 2d ed. 2005) (casebook) Attack on Court Threatens Crucial Checks and Balances, Daily Journal, April 12, 2005 Catch the High Court’s Eye With a Compelling Petition, 41 Trial 70-71 (April 2005) (with Doriane Lambelet Coleman)

Citing Foreign Law Sparks Unnecessary Bruhaha, Daily Journal, March 15, 2005 A Civil Rights Victory for Prisoners, 41 Trial 76-77 (May 2005) Court Adds Class Actions, Religion to Docket, 41 Trial 66-68 (January 2005) Court Moves to Weed Out Race Issue in Jury Selection, Daily Journal, June 15, 2005 Deep Throat’s Message, Raleigh News & Observer, June 3, 2005, at A15 Filibustering Judicial Nominations, 26 Cardozo Law Review 331-352 (2005) (with Catherine Fisk) GOP Court Bashing Undermines System, Philadephia Inquirer, April 10, 2005, at http://www.philly.com/mld/ philly/11354578.htm Ignoring Constitution for Political Gain; Efforts Violate Separation of Powers and Federalism, Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel, March 23, 2005 at 25A Justices Create Confusion in Sentencing

by Declaring Guidelines Advisory, Daily Journal, January 18, 2005 (with Neil S. Siegel & Laurie Levenson) Oregon’s Right to Decide, Raleigh News & Observer, March 4, 2005, at A17 Patients Need Range of Choice in the Face of Pain and Suffering, Daily News of Los Angeles, April 8, 2005, at N19 (with Judith Daar) Qualified Immunity Ruling Raises Hurdles for Plaintiffs, 41 Trial 66-67 (March 2005) The Segregation and Resegregation of American Public Education: The Court’s Role, 38 Clearinghouse Review 633-650 (2005) Statute Undercuts Right to Mount First Amendment Defense, Daily Journal, February 16, 2005 Surprising High-Court Rulings Shift Civil Rights Outlook, Daily Journal, May 19, 2005 3rd Circuit Award, Law Schools Victory Against Military, Daily Journal, December 22, 2004 Argued, in United States Supreme Court, Tory v. Cochran and Van Orden v. Perry; in California Supreme Court, Johnson v.

Ford Honored, “One of the 20 Top Legal Thinkers in America,” Legal Affairs, April 2005 Speaker, “Federalism,” “Free Speech and the Military,” and “The Rehnquist Court,” AALS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, January 2005

Speaker, “Privacy and the War on Terrorism,” North Carolina Bar Association, January 2005 Speaker, “The War on Terrorism and Recent Supreme Court Cases,” New York State Bar Association, New York, January 2005 Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Law,” National Conference of ACLU Lawyers, Santa Fe, January 2005 Keynote speaker, “Same-Sex Marriage,” Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles, February 2005 Speaker, “Civil Liberties and the War on Terrorism,” Valparaiso Law School, February 2005; Whitman College, April 2005; California State University, Fullerton, May 2005 Speaker, “Civil Liberties and the War on Terrorism,” Folsom Lecture, Washburn Law School, Topeka, KS, March 2005 Speaker, “Federalism and the Supreme Court,” Willamette Law School, Salem, OR, March 2005 Speaker, “Recent Supreme Court Cases,” conference of Federal Bankruptcy Judges, Redondo Beach, CA, March 2005; Northwest Bankruptcy Institute, Seattle, April 2005; Nevada Judicial Conference, Mesquite, NV, April 2005; conference of Federal Magistrate Judges, Santa Fe, April 2005; Fifth Circuit Judicial Conference, New Orleans, May 2005; conference of Eighth and Tenth Circuit judges, Santa Fe, June 2005; Sixth Circuit Judicial Conference, Mackinac Island, MI, June 2005; Federal Judicial Conference, Kansas City, MO, June 2005 Presenter, “USA Patriot Act,” Federal Judicial Center training session, Duke Law School, March 2005 Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil Rights Law,” Georgetown University, April 2005 Speaker, “Preemption and Federalism,” Pepperdine Law School, Malibu, CA, April 2005 Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil Rights Law,” Chicago-Kent Law School, April 2005 Speaker, “Recent Developments in United States and Alaska Constitutional Law,” Alaska Bench/Bar conference in Juneau, May 2005 Speaker, “Recent Developments in Criminal Procedure,” National Conference of Federal Defenders, San Antonio, June 2005 George Christie L’auditoire universel dans l’argumentation juridique [The Notion of an Ideal

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

45

Faculty Notes Audience in Legal Argument, French edition] (Guy Haarscher trans., Bruylant 2005) Honoree, Perelman Foundation, University Libre de Bruxelles, on the occasion of the publication of the French translation of “The Notion of an Ideal Audience in Legal Argument,” Brussels, February 2005 Lecturer, “Developments in American Product Liability Law,” “The Adjudication in American Courts of Cases Involving Conflicts between Competing Human Rights,” “The Development of the Notion of Natural Justice in the Common Law,” Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan, May 2005 Charles Clotfelter Who Teaches Whom? Race and the Distribution of Novice Teachers, 24 Economics of Education Review 377392 (2005) (with Helen F. Ladd & Jacob Vigdor) Awarded, 2005 Gladys M. Kammerer prize for best political science publication in the field of U.S. national policy for AFTER BROWN: THE RISE AND RETREAT OF SCHOOL SEGREGATION, American Political Science Association, June 2005 Doriane Lambelet Coleman Catch the High Court’s Eye With a Compelling Petition, 41 Trial 70-71 (April 2005) (with Erwin Chemerinsky) Arming Teachers is Not the Answer, Durham Herald-Sun, April 10, 2005 James Cox Public and Private Enforcement of the Securities Laws: Have Things Changed Since Enron?, 80 Notre Dame Law Review 893-907 (2005) (with Randall S. Thomas) Lecturer, Kennedy School of Government Law and Economic Development Training Forum, Fulbright Learning Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, January 2005 Speech, “The Historical Forces that Have Shaped the U.S. Securities Laws,” Ho Chi Minh City University Law School, January 2005 Panelist, “15 Years After the N.C. Business Corporation Law,” N.C. Bar Foundation, Pinehurst, NC, February 2005 Panelist, Executive Compensation, Directors’ Education Institute, Duke University, March 2005 Commentator, Law and Business Program, Vanderbilt University, March 2005 Presenter, “Mutual Fund Expense Disclosure: A Behavioral Perspective,” Institute for Law and Economic Policy and Washington University Conference on Reforming the Mutual Fund Industry,

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Lake Las Vegas, April 2005 Participant, “The Law and the Professions,” Columbia University School of Law, April 2005

Lawyer: North Carolina Reflections on the Practice of Law 15-16 (Theresa A. Newman ed., 2005)

Participant, “The Competitive Structure of the Accounting Profession,” The American Assembly, Columbia University, May 2005

Presenter, Annual Meeting of the Code Committee of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, Washington, D.C., May 2005

Panelist, “Securities Litigation before the Supreme Court,” Reunion Program, Princeton University, May 2005

Chairman, North Carolina State Bar LAMP (Legal Assistance for Military Personnel) Committee

Richard Danner Participant, meetings of the Executive Committee of the Association of American Law Schools, San Francisco, January 2005

Catherine Fisk Knowledge Work: New Metaphors for the New Economy, 80 Chicago-Kent Law Review 839-872 (2005)

Member, American Bar Association site evaluation team for Harvard Law School, Cambridge, April 2005 Faculty, American Bar Association, New Deans’ Seminar, Jackson Hole, WY, June 2005 Participant, Strategic Planning sessions as first vice-president of the International Association of Law Libraries, London, June 2005 Deborah DeMott Restatement (Third) of Agency (Tentative Draft No. 6, 2005) (Reporter) Speaker, “Agents, Organizations, and Restatement Third,” AALS Section on Agency, Partnership, LLC’s and Unincorporated Associations, AALS Annual Meeting, January 2005 Keynote speaker, “Why Agency Matters: Reflections on the Gravitational Pull of Common Law Doctrine,” 23rd Annual American Law Institute-State Bar of Georgia Breakfast, February 2005 Presenter, “Anachronism and Influence: Reflections on the Restatements of Agency,” faculty workshop, Washington & Lee School of Law, April 2005 Successfully defended Tentative Draft No. 6 of Restatement (Third) of Agency at annual meeting of American Law Institute, culminating in ALI’s approval of project in its entirety, May 2005 Recipient, Dean’s award for faculty scholarship for work on Restatement (Third) Elected, Chair-Elect, AALS Section on Business Associations Commenced service, Adviser to ALI project, Restatement (Third) of Employment Law Robinson Everett Lawyer Family: Lessons Learned for the Practice of Law, in Lawyer to

LABOR LAW STORIES (Foundation Press, 2005) (editor with Laura A. Cooper) Filibustering Judicial Nominations, 26 Cardozo Law Review 331-352 (2005) (with Erwin Chemerinsky) The Story of Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB: The Rules of the Workplace for Undocumented Immigrants, in Immigration Stories (David A. Martin & Peter Schuck eds., 2005) (with Michael J. Wishnie) The Story of Hoffman Plastic Compounds, Inc. v. NLRB: Labor Rights Without Remedies for Undocumented Immigrants, in Labor Law Stories 399-438 (Laura A. Cooper & Catherine L. Fisk eds., 2005) (with Michael J. Wishnie) Speaker, “Same-Sex Marriage as a Civil Rights Issue,” Randolph Thrower Symposium, Emory Law Journal and Emory University School of Law, Atlanta, February 2005 Commentator, “Copyright in the Nineteenth Century,” Conference on the Law, History, and Culture of Intellectual Property, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, April 2005 Speaker, “Working Knowledge: Employee Innovation and the Rise of Corporate Intellectual Property,” Information Ecology Lecture, Duke University, April 2005 Speaker, “Labor Law and the Four Obstacles to Union Organizing,” Third Reconstruction Institute Conference on Labor and Community Organizing, John Hope Franklin Center, Duke University, April 2005 Speaker, “Labor Law for the NonUnionized Workplace: What Employment Lawyers Should Know About Labor Law,” Pacific Coast Labor and Employment Law Conference, Seattle, May 2005 Joel Fleishman Co-chair, Expert Advisory Group (formed

Faculty Notes to advise the Panel on the Nonprofit Sector, which in turn was formed at the request of the U.S. Senate Finance Committee), Independent Sector, 2005 Speaker, Bertelsmann Foundation Symposium Speech, Berlin, Germany, March 2005 Speaker, “How Much is Enough?: Foundation Grantmaking for International Benefit,” Princeton Conference on Ethics and International Grantmaking, Princeton University, May 2005 Member, Building Strong and Ethical Foundations Advisory Committee, Council on Foundations, 2005Andrew Foster Final New Markets Tax Credit Regulations Released, 14 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 85-89 (Winter 2005) Joint Ventures Between Nonprofits and For-Profits: Will Revenue Ruling 200451 Provide Any Comfort?, 14 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law 95-105 (Winter 2005) Presenter, “New Markets Tax Credit 101,” North Carolina Main Streets Conference, New Bern, NC, January 2005 Speaker, “Microenterprise: An Effective Anti-Poverty Strategy?” Conference on Race, Gender and Poverty, University of North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill, February 2005 Presenter, “Joint Ventures Between Nonprofits and For-Profits,” Mid-Year Conference, American Bar Association Forum on Affordable Housing and Community Development Law, San Francisco, February 2005 Presenter, “Strategies for Financing Community Development with the New Markets Tax Credit,” Community Development Academy, University of North Carolina Institute of Government, March 2005 Presenter, “Developing a Successful Pro Bono Business Law Program,” Equal Justice Conference, Austin, TX, May 2005 Co-Organizer, Conference on Social Enterprise, Duke University, June 2005 Martin Golding THE BLACKWELL GUIDE TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AND LEGAL THEORY (2005) (editor with William Edmundson) Responsibility, in The Blackwell Guide to the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory 221-235 (Martin P. Golding & William A. Edmundson, eds., 2005) Rights, Performatives, and Promises in Karl Olivecrona’s Legal Theory, 18 Ratio

Juris 16-29 (2005) Paul Haagen Elected Chair, Duke University Academic Council, February 2005 Panel Moderator, “Hot Topics in Sports Law,” Duke Law Reunion Weekend, April 2005 Lecturer, “Regulation of Sport,” East Carolina University, May 2005 Speaker, “Supporting Our Truths: Academic Freedom in Higher Education,” Phi Beta Kappa Lecture, Haverford College, May 2005 Donald Horowitz MIZHETNICHNI KONFLIKTI [Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Ukranian edition] (Karavela, 2004)

Moderator, “Banking Law 101,” Institute for the New Business Lawyer; Speaker, “The New Era of Enforcement & Compliance — Bank Secrecy Act, Anti-Money Laundering and More,” “Committee on Banking Law, Regulation B: SEC’s BrokerDealer Rules for Banks,” Committee on Banking Law, Spring Meeting, ABA Business Law Section Spring Meeting, Nashville, April 2005 Speaker, “Mutual Fund Procedures: Views of Practitioners,” American Bankers Association Operations Conference, Memphis, April 2005

The Alternative Vote and Interethnic Moderation: A Reply to Fraenkel and Grofman, 121 Public Choice 507-521 (2004)

Presenter, “Enhanced Corporate Governance for Mutual Funds: A Concept that Needs Serious Reconsideration,” A Symposium on Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds & Pension Funds, Washington University School of Law and The Institute for Law and Economic Policy, Lake Las Vegas, NV, April 2005

Team leader, quality assessment of the Government Unit, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, March 2005

Speaker, “Mutual Fund Scandals,” 19th Annual National Training Conference, Fiduciary Audit and Risk Management Association, San Diego, April 2005

Ted Kaufman Do Right by Those Who Have the Least in the Era of Deficit, Wilmington News Journal, January 9, 2005, at 15A

Moderator, “Enforcement,” 2005 Lawyers Council Spring Meeting, Financial Services Roundtable, Washington, D.C., May 2005

David Lange Comment: Traditional Knowledge, Folklore and the Case for Benign Neglect, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 595-598 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005)

Elected, Member of the Council of the Business Law Section of the American Bar Association, beginning August 2005

Sarah Ludington Presenter, “Effective Teaching Techniques: Using Student Writing Samples for Assignment Feedback,” Fourth Annual Carolinas Legal Research and Writing Colloquium, Campbell University School of Law, Buie’s Creek, NC, May 2005 Martin Lybecker Speaker, “Mutual Fund Scandals,” 2004 Annual Meeting, Florida Office of Financial Regulation, Division of Financial Institutions, Tallahassee, January 2005 Speaker, “SEC Rule 38a-1,” Fiduciary Audit and Risk Management Seminar, Richmond, March 2005 Speaker, “Online Program on Bank Entry Into the Mutual Fund Business,” SEC Historical Society, Herndon, VA, March 2005 Speaker, ”Online Program on Money Money Market Funds,” SEC Historical Society, Herndon, VA, March 2005

Selected, Member of the Advisory Council of the SEC Historical Society, beginning June 2005 Jennifer Maher Speaker, “Student Exchanges,” Chinese & American Law School Deans’ Conference, Beijing, China, April 2005 Speaker, “Graduate Programs for Foreign Lawyers” Section panel, AALS Annual Meeting, January 2005 Elected Vice-Chair, International Law & Practice Section, NC Bar Association Carolyn McAllaster Legal Issues for HIV-Infected Children, in TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRIC HIV CARE, ch. 48 (Cambridge University Press, 2005) Ralf Michaels Re-placements. Jurisdiction for Contracts and Torts Under the Brussels I Regulation when Arts. 5(1) and 5(3) Do Not Designate a Place in a Member State, in International Litigation in Europe and Relations With Third States 129-156 (Arnaud Nuyts & Nadine Watté eds., 2005) Madeline Morris Terrorism: The Politics of Prosecution,

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Faculty Notes 5 Chicago Journal of International Law 405-421 (2005) Participant, Working Group on International Law, Politics, and Organization, Boalt Hall Law School, January 2005 Speaker, “Judgment, Justice and Jurisdiction,” Human Rights Lecture Series of the Law School of the College of William and Mary, March 2005 Speaker, “The Added Value of Mixed Tribunals,” conference on International Criminal Justice: A Transatlantic Dialogue, convened by the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Faculty of Law, Brussels, Belgium, May 2004

Confirms Broad Reach into Sensitive Domestic Regulation, ASIL Insight (April 2005) at: http://www.asil.org/ insights/2005/04/insights050412.html

Faculty adviser, Duke Law Team, IELSidley WTO Moot Court Competition, (winners), Washington, D. C., February 2005 Organized speakers event at Duke Law with current and former Duke students on job opportunities with US government agencies in the field of international trade, March 2005 Presenter, “The Transformation of World Trade,” International Law Workshop, Boalt Hall Law School, University of California at Berkeley, March 2005

Member, Advisory Board of the Project on U.S. Attitudes and Practices Towards International Courts and Tribunals

Presenter, “The Sutherland Report: A Missed Opportunity for Genuine Debate on Trade, Globalization and Reforming the WTO,” Fifth Annual WTO Conference, British Institute for Comparative and International Law, Gray’s Inn, London, May 2005

Robert Mosteller The Confrontation Clause Radically Redefined by ‘Crawford v. Washington’, 9 North Carolina State Bar Journal 6-10, 23 (Winter 2004)

Presenter, “L’influence des Sources sur l’Unité et la Fragmentation du Droit International,” International Law Workshop, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, May 2005

Encouraging and Ensuring the Confrontation of Witnesses, 39 U. Richmond L. Rev. 511 (2005)

Presenter, “Dispute Settlement in Regional Trade Agreements and Overlaps with the WTO,” Conference on Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System, Edinburgh, Scotland, May 2005

Commentator, “Crawford and Beyond,” Brooklyn Law School, February 2005 Theresa Newman Lawyer to Lawyer: North Carolina Reflections on the Practice of Law (2005) (editor) Joost Pauwelyn The Appellate Body’s GSP Decision, 3 World Trade Review 239-266 (2004) (with others) The Application of Non-WTO Rules of International Law in WTO Dispute Settlement, in World Trade Organization Legal, Economic and Political Analysis (Patrick F. J. Macrory, Arthur E. Appleton, & Michael G. Plummer eds., 2005) Book Review, 37 George Washington International Law Review 559-571 (2005) (reviewing, Frank J. Garcia, TRADE, INEQUALITY AND JUSTICE: TOWARD A LIBERAL THEORY OF JUST TRADE (2003)) An Insider’s Guide to the WTO’s Problems, 9 Bridges (ICTSD) 7 (January 2005) (with Andrew Guzman) WTO Dispute Settlement: Of Sovereign Interests, Private Rights, and Public Goods, in International Public Goods and Transfer of Technology Under a Globalized Intellectual Property Regime 817-830 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005) WTO Softens Earlier Condemnation of U.S. Ban on Internet Gambling, but

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Visiting Professor, University of London, King’s College, June 2005 Lecturer, World Trade Institute, in the framework of the Institute’s Masters in International Law and Economics (MILE) Program, focusing on conflict of norms in international law and the effect of WTO law before EU and U.S. courts, Berne, Switzerland, June 2005 Appellate Litigation, World Trade Organization, July 2005 Jeff Powell A COMMUNITY BUILT ON WORDS: THE CONSTITUTION IN HISTORY AND POLITICS (University of Chicago Press, rev. ed.

2005) Jedediah Purdy Panelist, “Why We Get the Politics We Get,” New America Foundation/Atlantic Monthly forum on “The Real State of the Union,” Washington, D.C., February 2005 Panelist, “What the Election Meant,” Sarah Lawrence College, February 2005 Introducer and moderator, premiere of Gore Vidal’s “On the March to the Sea,” Duke University, February 2005 Guest, “The Post-Modern Ironic Wink,” National Public Radio’s “To the Best of Our Knowledge,” June 2005

Faculty Notes Panelist, “Where Is the Moral Center in America Today?” New America Foundation Annual Retreat, Berkeley, CA, June 2005 Speaker, “People as Resources, People as Ends,” Freedom-Oriented Political Economy Seminar, United Nations Development Program, New York, June 2005 Arti Rai The Increasingly Proprietary Nature of Publicly Funded Biomedical Research: Benefits and Threats, in Buying In or Selling Out?: The Commercialization of the American University 117-126 (Donald G. Stein ed., 2004) Open and Collaborative Research: A New Model for Biomedicine, in Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries 131158 (Robert W. Hahn ed., AEI-Brookings Press 2005) Patenting Organisms and Basic Research, and Private Ownership of Inventions, entries in 4 Encyclopedia of Bioethics 1980-1983, 2130-2132 (3rd ed., 2004) Proprietary Rights and Collective Action: The Case of Biotechnology Research With Low Commercial Value, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 288-306 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005) Jerome Reichman INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME (Cambridge University Press, 2005) (editor with Keith E. Maskus) The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 3- 45 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005) Using Liability Rules to Stimulate Local Innovation in Developing Countries: Application to Traditional Knowledge, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 337-366 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman eds., 2005) (with Tracy Lewis) Consultant, “Economic & Trade Challenges of the 21st Century,” International Visitors, World Affairs Council, Duke Law School, January 2005 Distinguished Lecturer, “Using Liability Rules to Stimulate Local Innovation in Developing Countries: Applications to Traditional Knowledge,” McCarthy Institute, University of San Francisco Law School, March 2005

Consultant, Andean Free Trade Agreement Negotiations, Washington, D.C., March 2005 Presenter, “Intellectual Property Protection of Databases and Alternative Regimes to Reconcile Public Science with the Commercialization of Research Results,” Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Center for Genome Ethics, Law & Policy, March 2005

Speaker, “Courts and Communities: A Comparative Institutional Analysis (Plus Policy Implications),” Tulane University Law School Faculty Workshop, January 2005 Awarded, Duke Law School Blueprint Award, May 2005 Grant, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, May 2005

Presenter, “A Contractually Reconstructed Research Commons for Science and Innovation,” Conference on “The Global Flow of Information,” Yale University, New Haven, April 2005

Denise Riebe Panelist, “Bar Passage Programs,” Law Schools Admission Council, Academic Assistance Training Workshop, Las Vegas, June 2005

Presenter, “Compulsory Licensing in United States Intellectual Property Law,” Center for Intellectual Property Law and Information Technology (CIPLIT) Symposium on “Intellectual Property Licensing by the Dominant Firm: Issues and Problems,” DePaul University, Chicago, April 2005

Presenter, Bar Success Workshop, University of North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill, March 2005

Presenter, “Global Trends to Restrict Access to Data from Government-funded Research,” Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences Conference on “Copyright and Digitalization,” Berne, Switzerland, April 2005

Thomas Rowe Supreme Court Limits Scope of Rooker-Feldman Doctrine—Commentary, 2005 Moore’s Federal Practice Update 73-74, May 2005

Presenter, “The Globalization of Private Knowledge Goods and the Privatization of Global Public Goods,” TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue (TACD) Conference on “Access to Knowledge,” Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute, London, May 2005 Panelist, Initiative for Policy Dialogue and TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue Conference on “New Approaches to Intellectual Property,” Columbia University, New York, June 2005 Presenter, “University-Industry Collaboration: The United States Experience,” World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) International Symposium on Intellectual Property Education and Research, Geneva, June 2005 William Reppy Judge, National Animal Law Center’s Second Annual Animal Law Moot Court competition, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, February 2005 Barak Richman Behavioral Economics and Health Policy: Understanding Medicaid’s Failure, 90 Cornell Law Review 705-768 (2005) Speaker, “Community Institutions,” American Law and Economics Association Annual Meeting, New York University Law School, May 2005

Presenter, “A Mediator’s Introduction to Civil Litigation,” University of North Carolina - Greensboro, Mediation Training Workshop, April 2005

Speaker, “Trying to Make the Best of the Civil-Justice Market,” Faculty Workshop, Pepperdine Law School, Malibu, March 2005 Member, American Law Institute Members’ Consultative Groups for the Restatement (Third) of Restitution, project on “Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments, project on “Principles of the Law of Aggregate Litigation” Chair, AALS Committee on Professional Development Consultant, Advisory Committee on Civil Rules’ style revision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure James Salzman Science in the Public Process of Ecosystem Management: Lessons from Hawaii, Southeast Asia, Africa and the US Mainland, 76 Journal of Environmental Management 197-209 (2005) (with John Gutrich et al.)

Participant, focus groups on how U.S. Forest Service can or should incorporate an ecosystem services perspective into its operations, Minneapolis, MN, April 2005 Speaker, “A New Currency for Conservation: Markets and Payments for Ecosystem Services from Our Nation’s Forests and Farms,” Washington, D.C., May 2005

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Faculty Notes Journal, January 18, 2005 (with Erwin Chemerinsky & Laurie Levenson) Presenter, “The Nuts and Bolts of Creating Ecosystem Service Markets,” conference co-sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service and the Southern Environmental Law Center, May 2005 Presenter, “Conservation Incentives that Work for People on the Land,” workshop sponsored by Stanford University, The Nature Conservancy and World Wildlife Fund, Stanford, CA, May 2005

Panelist, Forum relating to Terri Schiavo case, Duke Institute on Care at the End of Life, Duke University, April 2005 Panel Chair, PATRIOT Act Issues, conference on Strategies in the War on Terror, Duke University, April 2005 Session leader, American Constitution Society for Law & Policy conference on the Constitution in 2020, Yale Law School, New Haven, April 2005

Speaker, “Markets for Ecosystem Services,” Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Foundation’s Institute for Natural Resource Law, Santa Fe, NM, June 2005

Speaker, USA PATRIOT Act, meeting of North Carolina First Responders, April 2005

Richard Schmalbeck Reconsidering Private Foundation Investment Limitations, 58 Tax Law Review 59-110 (2004)

Presenter, “The Hydrogen Economy,” Berkeley Environmental Law Workshop, University of California, Berkely Law School, April 2005

Panel chair, “Timing Issues in Taxation,” Critical Tax Theory Conference, University of Seattle, April 2005

Steven Schwarcz Temporal Perspectives: Resolving the Conflict Between Current and Future Investors, 89 Minnesota Law Review 1044-1090 (2005)

Presenter, “Is the Death Tax Really Dead?,” Faculty Seminar, William & Mary School of Law, April 2005 Presenter, “What is the Optimal Spending Rate for Private Foundations?,” University of Michigan Tax Policy Workshop, April 2005 Presenter, “Unrelated Business Income Tax Constraints on Earned Income,” Conference on Social Enterprise: Developing Earned Income Stategies to Enhance Social and Community Impact, Duke University, June 2005 Lecturer, “American and Canadian Taxation,” International Tax Certificate Program, Instituto Tecnico Autonimo de Mexico (“ITAM”), Mexico City, May 2005 Presenter, “Stategies in Application for Exempt Status,” conference on Formation of Charitable Organizations, Greensboro, NC, June 2005 Member, Association of American Law Schools Membership Committee (AALS accreditation committee) Christopher Schroeder Special Editor, Case Studies in Conservative and Progressive Legal Orders, 67 Law & Contemporary Problems (Autumn 2004) Speaker, “History and Prospects for the Environmental Justice Movement,” forum in honor Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday, January 2005 Presenter, “Legal Issues in the Implementation of the USA PATRIOT Act, Federal Judicial Center training session, Duke Law School, March 2005

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

The Confused U.S. Framework for Foreign-Bank Insolvency: An Open Research Agenda, 1 Review of Law & Economics, article 6 (April 2005) at: www.bepress.com/rle/vol1/iss1/art6/ Presenter, “Temporal Perspectives and the Conflict Between Current and Future Investors,” AALS Annual Meeting, January 2005 Included in Social Sciences Research Network (SSRN) list of “Top 50 Law Authors” in the world, measured by article downloads, March 2005 Honored, mini-symposium on forthcoming article, “The Limits of Lawyering: Legal Opinions in Structured Finance,” Columbia Law School Center on Corporate Governance, March 2005

Medical Marijuana: Read Between the Lines, Raleigh News & Observer, June 14, 2005, at A11 The Rhetoric Behind “Strict Constructionism,” Durham Herald-Sun, June 19, 2005, at A11 (with Aziz Huq) Why President Bush Should Not Take the 5th, Houston Chronicle, June 17, 2005, at B11 Judge and Keynote Speaker, North Carolina State Finals of the 2004-2005 We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution Competition, Raleigh, January 2005 Lecturer, We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution Weekend Workshop, Salter Path, NC, March 2005 Participant, Liberty Fund Conference on The Political Economy of a Federal Constitution, Alexandria, VA, April 2005 Judge and Alumni Speaker, National Finals of the 2004-2005 We the People: The Citizen and the Constitution Competition, Washington, D.C., April 2005 Seminar Instructor, Durham Public Schools’ History Connect(!) Summer Institute, Duke University, June 2005 Panelist, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Fifth Annual Supreme Court Review, Washington, D.C., June 2005 Scott Silliman On Military Commissions, 36 Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 529-540 (2004) Teaching National Security Law, 1 Journal of National Security Law & Policy 161-168 (2005)

Speaker, “Legal Opinions in Structured Finance,” University of North Carolina Law School, faculty workshop, February 2005; Columbia Law School, March 2005; Global Capital Markets Center’s Advisory Board, New York City, May 2005

Guest Speaker, “Legal Issues in the War on Terrorism,” Durham Kiwanis Club, January 2005

Panelist, Chaired Bankruptcy Panel, annual meeting of American Law & Economics Association, New York University Law School, May 2005

Guest Lecturer, UNC Law School’s 15th Annual Festival of Legal Learning, a CLE program, February 2005

Elected, Founding Member, International Insolvency Institute Visiting Professor, University of Geneva, May-June 2005 Neil Siegel Justices Create Confusion in Sentencing

by Declaring Guidelines Advisory, Daily

Guest Lecturer, Duke ROTC programs on the Uniform Code of Military Justice and Operational Law, January 2005

Organizer and Presenter, “Law and National Security in the War on Terrorism,” Federal Judicial Center training program, Duke Law School, March 2005 Sponsor and Panel Chair, “Strategies for the War on Terrorism: Taking Stock,” conference sponsored by the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security and the

Faculty Notes Program in Public Law, April 2005

Panel Speaker, “Meeting the Challenges of Terrorism While Preserving Civil Liberties,” First Judicial Circuit’s annual conference, Newport, RI, June 2005 Chair, Faculty Advisory Committee to the Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law Member, ABA Standing Committee on Law and National Security Numerous media interviews in national/local television, radio and newspapers/news magazines on issues of international law involving the use of force, national security, the war on terrorism and military law Carol Spruill Presenter, “Law School Pro Bono Today,” Opening Plenary Session, American Bar Association/NLADA Equal Justice Conference on Celebrating the Pro Bono and Legal Services Partnership, Pre-Conference “Celebrating Law School Pro Bono -Insights from the Journey and Visions for the Future,” Austin, TX, May 2005 Presenter, “Hiring and Keeping Great Attorneys without an HR Department,” American Bar Association/NLADA Equal Justice Conference on Celebrating the Pro Bono and Legal Services Partnership, Austin, TX, May 2005 Presenter, Equal Access to Justice Roundtable inaugural meeting, North Carolina Bar Association Annual Convention, Asheville, NC, June 2005 Member, Equal Justice Works National Advisory Committee Member, North Carolina Bar Association Law School Liaison Committee Member, North Carolina Bar Association Public Service Advisory Committee Laura Underkuffler ‘Davey’ and the Limits of Equality, in Symposium: The Funding of Religious Institutions in the Light of Locke v. Davey, 40 Tulsa Law Review 267-277 (2004) Thoughts on ‘Smith’ and Religious Group Autonomy, in Symposium: Church Autonomy, 5 Brigham Young University Law Review 1773-1788 (2004) Neil Vidmar Juries Around the Globe, 5 Insights on Law & Society 7-10 (Winter 2005) Uncovering the ‘Invisible’ Profile of Medical Malpractice Litigation: Insights from Florida, 54 DePaul Law Review 315354 (2005) (with others)

“Research on Medical Malpractice Litigation in the United States and Tort Reform,” Testimony before the Committee on the Judiciary of the Connecticut General Assembly, Hartford CT, April 2005 Co-drafter, amicus brief, Spirko v.

Bradshaw, U.S. Supreme Court No. 038043 On Petition For a Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit Declaration, United States District Court, Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division, United States of America v. Sami Amin Al-Arian, et al., Case No. 8:03-CR-77-T30TBM (In support of Change of Venue Application) April 2005 Presenter, “Medical Malpractice and the Tort System in Illinois,” Annual Law & Society Meetings, Las Vegas, NV, June 2005 Report, “Medical Malpractice and the Tort System in Illinois: A Report to the Illinois State Bar Association,” May 2005 Stephen Wallenstein Cost & Revenue Survey 2003 (World Federation of Exchanges, December 2004) Indexing and Corporate Governance and Index Investing in Brazil, in Active Index Investing 238-241, 270-274 (Steven Schoenfeld ed., 2004) Co-sponsor and participatant, The Second Annual Art of Indexing Conference, Washington D.C., October 2004 Panelist, 5th Annual Meeting, Brazilian Corporation Governance Network, Sao Paulo, Brazil, November 2004 Co-sponsor, Business Law Society Career Symposium, Duke Law School, February 2005 Organizer and Presenter, Fourth Annual Directors’ Education Institute, Duke University, March 2005 Panelist, “Management Succession,” Corporate Board Member Academic Council Roundtable, New York, May 2005 Panelist, “Corporate Governance,” Foreign Issuers & the U.S. Securities Laws 2005, PLI, New York, May 2005 Presenter, “Doing Business in Asia,” Duke Law Board of Visitors Meeting, Tsinghua University, Beijing, June 2005 Jane Wettach Lecturer, “Education as a Civil Right,” Undergraduate Education Class, Duke University, February 2005

Presenter, “Handling School Suspension Appeals to Superintendents, School Boards and Court,” Legal Aid of North Carolina Education Law Task Force, Cary, NC, March 2005 Participant, “School Suspension Hearings,” North Carolina Bar Association, Cary, NC, March 2005 Presenter, “The Legal Rights of Disabled Children in School,” The International Dyslexia Association, N.C. Chapter Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, March 2005 Presenter, “Education Rights of Children with Disabilities,” National Lawyer’s Guild Southeastern Conference, University of North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill, May 2005 Jonathan Wiener Speaker, “Appraising the New UK Strategy for Risk Management,” remarks to the Plenary Session, Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis, Palm Springs, CA, December 2004 Speaker, “Precaution in the US and Europe,” conference on “Better Regulation: The EU and the Transatlantic Dialogue,” co-sponsored by the European Policy Centre, the European Commission, and the U.S. Mission to the EU, Brussels, March 2005 Speaker, “Beyond Kyoto: Moving Climate Change Policy Forward,” Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy and School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, April 2005 Speaker, “Precaution in Single-Risk versus Multi-Risk Models,” Risk Assessment Forum, Yale University, New Haven, April 2005 Discussant, “The Making of Environmental Law,” commentary on book and talk by Richard Lazarus, Resources for the Future, Washington D.C., May 2005 Discussant, “Global Administrative Law,” discussant on papers on environmental and labor law developments, New York University Law School, April 2005 Speaker, “Hormesis and Regulation,” Keynote address, Fourth Annual International Conference on Hormesis, University of Massachusetts – Amherst, June 2005 Chair, Search Committee for the Director of the Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions (NIEPS), Duke University Lawrence Zelenak The Story of Seagram: The Step Transaction Doctrine on the Rocks, in

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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{Profiles David Gibbs III ’93: Answering a call

D

media was, by and large, an ally in his reviewing a legal record that spanned a avid Gibbs III says his mandate clients’ legal fight. decade. After a direct appeal to Governor from his clients, Robert and Mary “In terms of the public policy debate, the Jeb Bush to get involved, they worked Schindler, was clear: “To do anything that media was a powerful force in raising this with Florida legislators on what came we could think of that was legal and proper voiceless, disabled woman to the forefront to be known as “Terri’s Law.” Florida’s to save their daughter’s life.” of the debate. Otherwise, she could have Supreme Court struck down Their daughter was Terri died nameless and unknown.”

Terri’s Law late last year.

Schiavo. In the last months ALUMNI PROFILE Gibbs finds some satisfaction in the Gibbs says the case had an leading up to the removal of fact that the case opened a public discuseerie resemblance to a clemher feeding tube and subsesion on end-of-life issues, but perceives ency petition at that point. quent death by dehydration on March 31 differences between American and inter“We were tracking between courts within at a Florida hospice, Gibbs did his best to national attitudes. hours,” recalled Gibbs, who had become satisfy her parents’ request, tirelessly filing “People here put these issues into a lead counsel in September 2004. “But even and arguing motions and appeals, lobbying personal perspective. They said, ‘it’s time death penalty cases move on a calendar, and statehouse and Congress, granting endto make a living will or appoint a health there are clear rights of appeal. We were less interviews, and distributing a video of care surrogate.’ People have approached me truly up against a life and death clock.”

Schiavo to the world media. and said ‘I now appreciate the time I spend He started by bringing a petition before Gibbs was first approached by the with my children more.’ It’s caused a lot of Florida’s trial level probate court, arguSchindlers in 2003 when, he said, the case people to think about what life means and ing that the Roman Catholic Church—of seemed to be “pretty much over.” what a disabled life means. which Schiavo was a member—had a new “I was under the impression, frankly, “But the international community saw a position on what constituted “natural” that the case involved a brain-dead patient, and the parents were having trouble letting go. But while I listened to them, I started David Gibbs III to feel it involved something more than that. And the first disabled woman being starved to death in means of prolonging life. time I saw Terri, I was surprised to see a way that had the blessing of the courts.

“In 2000, when the original order [to how animated and engaging she was—she They wanted to understand the moral remove Schiavo’s feeding tube] was made, laughed and demonstrated life, love, and authority behind the decision. Here the the Church did not officially object to affection to her parents. I truly believed U.S. is in Iraq, fighting for human rights, the withholding of food and water. But she wanted to live.” The essential facts, and for decades holding itself out as a in 2004, Pope John Paul II made a very according to Gibbs—which he maintains moral authority. [Europeans, for example,] long statement that distinguished food and were unchallenged by the autopsy report of could not figure out how, in the United water as unique, natural—as opposed to the Pinellas County Medical Examiner that States, Terri could be allowed to die in such unnatural—methods of prolonging life.” was released in June—were that Schiavo’s a barbaric manner. Even countries that Once that gambit failed, the case moved heart was strong, she was not “terminal,” allow euthanasia oppose death by starvation through a series of emergency filings, and she was brain-injured, not brain-dead. and dehydration—death has to be quick, hearings, and appeals.

On taking the case, he and the other and administered in a humane manner.”

Although he maintains that at the nine attorneys at Gibbs Law Firm, just a While acknowledging that had Schiavo’s outset he had no idea the Schiavo case few miles from Schiavo’s Pinellas Park wishes regarding her death been in writing would become the biggest news story of hospice, cancelled all appointments and they would have prevailed, he is adamant the moment, Gibbs acknowledges that the worked around the clock for two days,

“The Terri Schiavo case will have a legacy impact that remains to be seen.”

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Profiles

DAVID GIBBS III

that the courts should not allow oral declarations to be honored.

“The Terri Schiavo case will have a legacy impact that remains to be seen. Courts and legislators have to ask if this is the beginning of euthanasia and mercy killing in America. Will we, at some point, say it’s kinder to end someone’s life, or will we say this is wrong? Will we, as a nation, return to show our historic compassion?

“When courts decide who should live and who should die, it can create a legal quagmire. We need to go back to basic presumptions: Non-terminal patients are entitled to

food and water. We will protect and preserve their lives. The people of America have to ask themselves whether they want to be a compassionate nation or a colder nation.”

Already having been approached by legislators and groups around the country, Gibbs will undoubtedly be part of the ongoing public debate. He has a high profile as a religious liberties lawyer, and is general counsel for the Christian Law Association (CLA), founded by his father in 1969.

Described on its Web site as a “ministry of legal helps,” the CLA provides pro-bono legal assistance to “Bible-believing churches

and Christians who are experiencing legal difficulty in practicing their religious faith because of governmental regulation, intrusion, or prohibition of one form or another.”

Gibbs says he arrived at Duke Law School intending to follow his father in this arena.

“For me, law was a bit of a calling, wanting to help people, and I have had the privilege of being able to serve.” The Schiavo case represented “an unbelievable opportunity to make a difference” for Gibbs and his colleagues, he says.

“We do rest at night with the confidence in our hearts that we did what we could.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Profiles

Christine Richards ’79: Content at the top

C

company is approached to allow its logo instead of going through Memphis. Federal hristine Richards joined an elite group to be used in a production—such films Express was successful on appeal to the U.S. June 1 when she took over as execuas “The Addams Family” and “Runaway Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in tive vice president, general counsel, and Bride” got the go-ahead. A more unusual challenging the California Public Utilities secretary of FedEx Corporation. Richards request came, said Richards, when FedEx Commission’s imposition of trucking tariffs is one of just 73 women currently serving was offered what amounted to a co-starring on the freight, asserting that the Federal as corporate counsel for Fortune 500 comrole in the 2000 Tom Hanks vehicle, Aviation Act preempted the panies, according to Corporate “Cast Away.” The plot involves the crash states from economically Counsel magazine. She is the ALUMNI PROFILE of a FedEx cargo jet en route to an Asian regulating the rate for services first woman to serve on the hub; the sole survivor, Hanks’ character, of a certified air carrier. After executive committee of FedEx. a corporate executive, spends a period of the Supreme Court declined to hear the Richards joined FedEx in 1984, when years marooned on a remote island, his regulator’s appeal, the trucking industry it was a single company, Federal Express only company a volleyball—removed from a joined Federal Express in a successful push Corporation, which revolutionized the sodden FedEx package—and an unopened to pass federal legislation prohibiting the courier industry by delivering packages box with its overnight, routing all U.S. freight shipping label through its Memphis, TN, hub. intact.

Having joined a legal department “Up until that had fewer than a dozen that time, no lawyers, Richards now oversees operating air 137 lawyers serving eight diverse Christine Richards carrier had subsidiaries operating in 220 ever allowed countries and territories, as well an aircraft accident to be portrayed in a states from economically regulating the as the parent company’s government affairs movie using its name, and what would operations of interstate carriers. group in Washington, D.C., and its security appear to be its airplane. We had a This was a collective effort of which operations world wide. discussion about that. The filmmakers Richards is particularly proud. “The U.S. “The fact that FedEx has changed and had to convince us that this was a good economy benefited from greater efficiency grown so much is one reason that I’ve been thing for the storyline and the script, in our collective trucking able to stay with one company and once we looked at it, and talked it opportunities, and costs for more than 20 years and over, we thought it was. The story is were lower than they would have such a wonderful series of about the people involved, the reliability have been as a result of that opportunities,” said Richards, of the service, and the fact that folks go litigation.” who was involved, among other above and beyond to deliver and meet Richards says she’s relished acquisitions, in the company’s our customers’ needs. We had just a all of the opportunities she’s 2004 acquisition of the Kinko’s wonderful reaction to it.” had to take creative approaches chain for $2.4 billion. “I was For fun, Richards raises horses and to problems that are significant. able to take advantage of some competes, as an accomplished adult “FedEx really encourages you of the things that the company amateur, in show-jumping competitions; to use all of your abilities and did to grow.”

CHRISTINE RICHARDS she keeps six horses on the property she skills, to be curious, to grow In her first position as a shares with her husband, Dan Richards and expand your knowledge. regulatory attorney with Federal MBA ’80. Richards travels widely in her [The legal team] gives advice and counsel Express, Richards worked on the company’s work but says that while it may be for not only on the legal issues, but also on the European expansion. She was also business, it’s always a pleasure. running of the various operations,” said instrumental in crafting a legal strategy “The neat thing is that when you work Richards. “It’s a good place to work if you that resulted in the de-regulation of with FedEx, it’s like family. So when you like complexity, change, and challenges.” interstate trucking. go to foreign locations, and you go to the And the unusual. Having long been It worked like this: After Federal Express operations there, you talk to the people in charge of protecting the company’s opened a regional hub in Oakland, CA, and we have a common culture and intellectual property and brand, Richards packages going from San Francisco to Los common bond.” d gets to read movie scripts when the Angeles were routed through that hub,

“The fact that FedEx has changed and grown so much is one reason that I’ve been able to stay with one company for more than 20 years.”

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Profiles

Claude Allen ’90: Privileged to serve the president

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laude Allen grew up with lofty aspirations, and an attitude that the sky was the limit. The purview of his current job as domestic policy adviser to President George W. Bush extends further—into space.

“The job really covers everything from health care to education, to housing, to space and everything in between,” said Allen, laughing. “It’s very exciting. You get to impact and advise the president on policy issues across the board.”

While emphasizing that his role is not to set but to oversee implementation of the president’s vision through all government agencies, Allen is quick to list higher education, immigration, and litigation—medical liability, class action, and asbestos—as priority areas for reform.

“Action in all these areas will have lasting results to benefit American society,” he said.

What’s the chief skill required to get the job done?

“Juggling—being able to manage the myriad of issues that come before us, distill them down, and weigh them against the president’s vision. There’s a great deal of diplomacy and mediation involved.

“My Duke training helped me understand that you don’t have to know every ‘factoid.’ It helped me come to this job with a sense of confidence that I have the skills necessary to do the job, even though the issues change every single day.”

Allen speaks fondly of his years at Duke, where he combined a JD with an LLM in international and comparative law. He says he was particularly affected by the death penalty course he took with Professor James Coleman.

“I believe that the state has the right to impose the death penalty, but I have trouble with how it is applied. Jim Coleman came to Duke off the heels of the Ted Bundy case, and convincingly argued that Bundy was wrongly executed—not because he didn’t commit the crimes, but on the underlying conviction, and the evidence that was introduced to support that conviction. He caught my attention with that analysis. I appreci-

1980s, as well as ated his logic and pursuit of the truth.”

Justice Clarence Allen subsequently worked on a death Thomas—he penalty case in which the issue was not sees himself as the guilt of the condemned individual, but both flexible and whether the penalty was imposed in a just reasonable in the manner. His current position allows him pursuit of policy to remain involved; the domestic policy and the pursuit of agenda includes a proposal to train lawyers excellence in poland judges to properly conduct and rule on icy development, capital defenses, as well as funds to allow CLAUDE ALLEN and not easy to death row inmates to have access to DNA pigeonhole. testing for the purposes of exoneration.

In 2003, the president honored Although his position highlights domestic Allen with a nomination to the Fourth issues, Allen says that his LLM in internaCircuit, but it was blocked in the Senate. tional and comparative law comes in handy.

Democrats contended that Allen, then 42, “A lot of domestic policy is closely tied was inexperienced and overly conservative, with foreign policy. For example, with challenging his records as HHS deputy respect to HIV/AIDS policy, I make sure that secretary and as Virginia’s our domestic policy is consistent Secretary of Health and with our foreign policy—in each ALUMNI PROFILE Human Resources on such case we have to focus on proviissues as reproductive rights, sion of health care and pharmasex education, and welfare. Some critics ceuticals, and target trafficking in people for also accused Allen of homophobia, citing exploitation, including sex trafficking. We remarks he made two decades earlier when have to make sure that America continues to he worked as an aide to Helms. While be innovative in research and development.”

Allen believes strongly that the president’s Having served since March 2001 as judicial nominees deserve straight up or deputy secretary/chief operating officer of

“My Duke training...helped me come to this job with a sense of confidence that I have the skills necessary to do the job, even though the issues change every single day.” Claude Allen the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Allen expresses “amazement and tremendous humility” in the trust the president has placed in him.

“He’s given me a very high privilege and honor.”

While some have labeled Allen a farright conservative—he has long been a champion of abstinence-only sex education, and counts among his mentors conservative icons, former Senator Jesse Helms, to whom he was an aide in the

down votes in the Senate, he expresses no regret about having subjected himself to the confirmation process.

“I am now where I am supposed to be. I enjoy public service, and serve where I am asked to. It was a privilege to be nominated.

“One of the things I have learned is to keep a blind eye and a deaf ear. I don’t take compliments too seriously, lest they make me prideful, and don’t take criticisms too harshly, lest they cause me to become discouraged.” d Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Profiles

Amy Yeung ’06: Committed to community

AMY YEUNG

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n the course of a 30-minute conversation with Amy Yeung, the theme of giving back to the community comes up repeatedly.

“Whether it’s creating a garden or developing a cure, to give back to the community is to have succeeded,” says Yeung, paraphrasing Ralph Waldo Emerson. “That is something I truly, deeply believe in. If you take, you have a responsibility to give back.”

Yeung contributes to the Duke Law community in many ways, having assumed a number of key leadership roles: organizer of ESQ., the Business Law Society’s annual career symposium; vicepresident of the Federalist Society; managing editor of the Duke Journal of Comparative and International Law, and president of the Duke Bar Association (DBA), to name a few. The question of compulsory legal pro bono for Duke Law students is one she wants DBA to consider under her leadership, she says.

“So many Duke Law students are already involved in the community, however they define it—through Guardian Ad Litem, the Public Refugee Program, Street Law, or

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Both organizer and organized, Yeung volunteering to teach spent a year before entering Duke Law children at church School as a small business consultant, camp. But there is taking on the reorganization of a satellite always a need for contracting business. Although she had no more people to get formal experience in business, she says the involved.” challenge didn’t phase her.

It’s a philosophy “When there’s something in front of me, and practice that I may not know how to do it, but I’m not Yeung says she above asking, and asking a lot of questions learned from her to try to understand the context.” parents while growThat’s the underlying philosophy with ing up in Centerville, which she approached ESQ. 2005, hoping Ohio. As a newly imthat it would be a forum where students, migrated citizen, her particularly 1Ls, could ask questions of expemother was involved rienced practitioners in an informal setting, as a volunteer in and thus make a connection between their shaping policy within classes and their careers. the public school “A law school education should be about system, and in coexploring a range of interests, so that after ordinating efforts of graduation, individuals can tailor it—they Japanese-Americans can best mesh their work with their perin Ohio regarding sonal goals. And I think ESQ. accomplished reparations for internthat this year,” says Yeung. It was an unment during World War II, in addition to qualified success; almost 150 students took teaching Japanese at Wittenberg University advantage of a chance to meet and question and in her own school.

30 business lawyers and leaders.

“I saw the tangible results that came out For her part, while she likes the enof her volunteer work, and the special effort trepreneurial side of busishe made as a teacher to keep ness—she even auditioned for her students motivated and enSTUDENT PROFILE the reality television show “The gaged,” says Yeung. “That’s why Apprentice” last spring—Yeung I like getting involved.” doesn’t think she has a taste for the risk inFollowing her graduation from the volved. Having spent the summer working University of Chicago, Yeung worked as a for Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP in paralegal with Williams and Connolly in Washington, D.C., she plans to approach Washington, D.C. for two years, in order to business from a different angle, through get a sense of what was actually involved in bankruptcy and white-collar criminal work. a legal career. While there, she joined the Its appeal has a familiar theme.

Young Republicans, and promptly persuaded

“Whether it’s a garden or developing a cure, to give back to the community is to have succeeded.” Amy Yeung its membership to help with the ongoing maintenance of a local school and participate in Habitat for Humanity following the campaign season.

“I like the policy element—structuring the larger system so that people are motivated to act in the best manner for themselves and for society.” d

{Around the Law School

DEC

JAN

FEB

APR

Renovation update: New wing set for fall opening

by Tom Metzloff

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nyone who has ever been through a major construction or renovation project in their house knows that the price of progress is the occasional inconvenience and frustration. For the past year, the Law School has been in the midst of a major project —the construction of a new $17 million wing and JUNE entrance. Adjoining the Law School near Science Drive and heading towards Fuqua, the new wing will HVAC systems for the old building as well as the new truly offer something for everybody—the first floor wing. Unfortunately, all the roof work led to a series of will house most of the journals; the second floor will small leaks that made life miserable for a couple of provide space for all of Duke Law’s clinics; with the days during the spring. But with the new penthouse third and fourth floor being offices for faculty. In now complete, the memories of buckets in the halls addition, the space includes two new seminar rooms. will fade away.

Construction began last fall, right after the By early summer, the focus was on the interior completion of the major classroom and facade walls and electrical systems, and installing the renovations that were done in the summer of 2004. outside brick masonry and window walls. While we The early-going was slow as the site was excavated had initially hoped for completion of the new wing and the infrastructure developed, but the shell was by the time school started in the fall, we encountered completed by mid-February. a number of minor issues and An important part of the project delays that pushed back the For more information on the was the replacement of all the opening of the new wing until renovation project or to contribute heating and air conditioning systems to the building fund, contact: early October. The rest of the in most of the old building. These building was fully operational, antiquated systems were cramped in TOM HADZOR, ASSOCIATE DEAN however.

FOR ALUMNI & DEVELOPMENT a small penthouse on the roof that While construction projects 919.613.7175 has now been replaced by a much are often met with grumbling hadzor@law.duke.edu larger penthouse that houses the by students, faculty, and staff,

the mood among the Duke Law community has been almost universally upbeat. In large part, this is a result of the fact that all students last year had the benefits of last summer’s renovation—new classrooms, restrooms, and various other amenities.

So even though there were some disruptions, everyone received some immediate benefit.

As if the new wing weren’t enough, we also undertook another classroom project this summer.

There was a small area on the fourth floor near the moot courtroom that had about five offices and a small interior conference room. Given our compelling need for a new mid-sized classroom, we demolished these spaces and combined them to create a new classroom that will double as a meeting space for the faculty. Also included in the project were a new conference room and an office for the student Moot Court Board. As with our other summer project, this $1.1 million renovation was completed on time and on budget in time for the new school year. d

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Around the Law School

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1. THE CLASS OF 1995 2. J. CARLTON FLEMING ’49 AND ROBERT LLOYD ’50, TWO OF THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS OF THE BARRISTER DONOR SOCIETY. 3. SOFTBALL WITH THE CLASS OF 2000 4. GLENN TUCKER ACCEPTS THE REUNION CHALLENGE AWARD ON BEHALF OF THE CLASS OF 1980 FROM DEAN BARTLETT 5. JOHN MURRIN ’75, DAVID NAFTZINGER ’73, AND JAMES LUEBCHOW ’73 1 6. PROFESSOR JAMES COLEMAN AND ANNE AKWARI ’95 7. ASSOCIATE DEAN JUDY HOROWITZ WITH RETURNING INTERNATIONAL ALUMNI 8. THE HONORABLE ALLYSON DUNCAN ’75 AND THOMAS EDMONDS, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE VIRGINIA STATE BAR 9. ANNE MARIE TOWLE ’90, CAROLINE GOTTSCHALK ’90, AND DEANNA OKUN ’90 10. MARCIA AND JUDGE GERALD TJOFLAT ’57 AND DEAN BARTLETT

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Around the Law School

Reunion 2005

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ver 500 alumni, family, and friends came together in Durham April 15-17 to reconnect, reminisce, and celebrate Duke Law School at Reunion 2005. The highlights included the Barrister Society donor reception and the Law Alumni gala reception, as well as a picnic on a gorgeous Saturday afternoon. Panel discussions on hot topics in sports law and retirement issues, and the premiere of Professor Thomas Metzloff’s “Distinctive Aspects of American Law” documentary series, offered for CLE credit, rounded out the weekend program.

William Neal Reynolds Emeritus Professor of Law Clark Havighurst, who retired in May, was presented with the A. Kenneth Pye Award for his contributions to legal education at Duke; Professor Havighurst, a renowned scholar of antitrust and health care law attorney general over the civil division of the U.S. and policy, has been on the faculty since 1964. The Department of Justice; in that position he earned award honors the life, work, and character of former the Edmond Randolph Award, the highest award Duke Law Dean and Duke University Chancellor Pye. given by the attorney general. He has also received The Honorable Allyson Duncan ’75 of the United commendations for outstanding service to the Navy, States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit the Army Judge Advocate General, and the Federal received the Charles S. Murphy Award, presented Bureau of Investigation. Among many other posiannually to an alum whose career has been devoted tions of service, Hunger is a life member of the Law to public service and education. The award honSchool’s Board of Visitors. ors Charles Murphy ’34, who held positions in the Carolyn Gottschalk ’90, a partner at Simpson Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations.

Thacher & Bartlett in New York and a new member Judge Duncan has been devoted to public service of the Law Alumni Association board, won the Young throughout her remarkable career, both within the Alumni Award for 2005. The award recognizes an legal profession and the wider community. Among alumna or her many initiaalumnus who tives as president Mark your calendars for the next Reunion Weekend: graduated of the North APRIL 21-23, 2006 with the last Carolina Bar For more information, please visit www.law.duke.edu/alumni/reunions.htm 15 years, who Association, she has made worked to secure significant contributions and leadership and service adequate funding for programs within the state’s to the Law School. Gottschalk, who served on her judicial system, such as the Guardian Ad Litem reunion committee, is unfailingly generous with her Program and Dispute Resolution Centers. She has time to Duke Law students and graduates. She has also served on the executive committees of the North made numerous trips to Durham to speak to stuCarolina Center for Public Policy Research and the dents, has organized events for admitted students North Carolina Leadership Institute. Judge Duncan at her firm, and served as a member of the Future joined the Law School’s Board of Visitors in July.

Forum from 2001-2005.

The Charles S. Rhyne Award, honoring an alumWinners of the first annual Reunion Challenge nus in private practice who has made significant Awards were the Class of 1960, for the highest parcontributions to public service, was presented to ticipation in the class gift, and the Class of 1980, Frank Hunger ’65. Hunger, who is now of counsel both for the highest reunion weekend attendance to Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., spent and the largest reunion class gift. The 2005 reunion almost 30 years as a trial lawyer in Mississippi, classes contributed $833,106 to the Annual Fund in specializing in product liability, toxic tort, and comgifts and pledges. d mercial issues. In 1993, he became the assistant Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Around the Law School

2005 AWARD WINNERS

Duke Law celebrates the Class of 2005

A number of individual students from the 2005 graduating class were recognized during graduation weekend for special achievement.

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The Justin Miller Graduation Awards were chosen by a committee that reviewed student nominations. Those recognized included Leslie Cooley (citizenship), David Prestwood (integrity), Scott Edson (intellectual curiosity), and Vikram Patel (leadership).

The faculty also singled out a number of students for their accomplishments in various legal specialty and community achievement categories. Legal specialty honorees included Chris Baird (Administrative Practice and Government Regulation), Amy Mason and Katy Soby (Business Organization and Finance), Stephen Kessing (Commercial Transactions and Bankruptcy), Mark Sigmon (Constitutional Law and Civil Rights), Scott Edson (Criminal Law and Procedure), Kara Moorcroft (Dispute Resolution), Johanna Stein and Molly Donovan (Family Law), Andrew Hecht (Interdisciplinary Studies), Angela Rafoth (International, Transnational and Comparative Law), Matt Block and Caleb Groos (Intellectual Property and Technology), Chris Hart (Legal Theory), Clayton Jernigan (Property Law), and Ashley Grier (Tax and Estate Planning).

The following students were also recognized by faculty for their special leadership achievements: Stacy Hauf (Advocacy Award), Vikram Patel and Brett Stohs (Community Award), Nobuki Sanagawa (LLM Award for Leadership & Community Participation), Leslie Cooley (Pro Bono Service Award), and Janey Rountree and Janna Lewis (Public Service Award). d

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he Honorable J. Harvie Wilkinson III, former chief judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, shared his views on judicial activism and his vision for the federal courts when he addressed Duke Law graduates and their guests at the Law School’s hooding ceremony May 14 at Cameron Indoor Stadium. The 210 successful JD candidates in the class of 2005 included 19 who also earned the LLM degree in international and comparative law, and 28 who earned other joint-degrees.

Seventy-one graduates earned the LLM in American law, and the Law School awarded one Master of Legal Studies degree.

While observing that certain instances of judicial intervention—such as that in Brown v. Board of Education—can be well justified, Judge Wilkinson called for greater judicial deference to the democratic branches of the federal government in setting policy, particularly on matters of national security and the expansion of science and technology. Elected representatives, as opposed to appointed judges, should be the voice of the people on those controversial and potentially divisive issues in the next 20 years, he said.

“I hope you will remember that a public decision with which one disagrees is often more acceptable if it is made through the political process, in which the losers had their chance to participate, than if it is made wholly through the courts. In this sense, a restoration of restraint assists the restoration of good will, because democratic governance gives everyone their say.”

Though Judge Wilkinson said that it would be a mistake for the courts to retreat from their obligation to protect the freedoms and rights of citizens, he warned against celebrating courtroom

victories. “The often-pleasing results of rulings are not to be confused with defensible principles.”

He left the graduates with some words of caution regarding the use of power.

“The measure of greatness is sometimes not in the possession of power, but in restraint in its exercise.”

In her remarks to the graduates, Dean Katharine T. Bartlett praised their remarkable record of student engagement at the Law School; their many accomplishments included establishing more than seven new clubs, raising record amounts of money to support public interest fellowships, contributing to the Duke Bar Association’s 2004 American Bar Association National Achievement Award as the best law student government in the country, and achieving record participation in their class gift. Dean Bartlett expressed the hope that they had been transformed by Duke Law, just as the School had benefited from their presence.

“I hope you have a greater and more mature sense of commitment – to a chosen profession, perhaps to a significant other you brought here or have found while you have been here, and to friends. I hope you have become tougher—mentally and emotionally—and also more respectful of others, especially those unlike yourselves.”

Mangyo Kinoshita of Japan also spoke of transcending differences in his address to his fellow LLMs, who hailed from 33 countries.

“Some of our countries still have battles, conflicts, and political problems, as well as important legal issues, which are things that we, as mere law students, could not solve by ourselves. Yet we all discussed those issues and exchanged our ideas and opinions seriously in the past nine

Around the Law School months. Through those discussions, we understood each other better, though probably not perfectly, and we certainly felt that we created intimate and eventually irreplaceable friendships. And we do strongly hope that someday we can actually change those things together.”

Speaking on behalf of the graduating JDs, Thomas McCudden urged his classmates to revel in the endeavors and options that lie ahead.

“Hard work is indeed ahead, but when you find work you care about and that excites you, you’ll actually enjoy the work.

The bar exam is just another challenge, one we’re all more than capable of meeting.

Bills—those are real, but so are the significant accomplishments in law, government, and a host of other fields that lie ahead for us. With the talent and energy I have seen over the last three years among my fellow students, I have no doubt about that.

“Perhaps even better, we can look forward to the luxury of choice. We can do anything we want to do —from big firm to small, government to public interest. Not to mention all of the possibilities outside the law itself. Really, with so many opportunities, there is no excuse for not being happy.”

Board of Visitors Chair Peter Kahn ’76 closed the ceremony by welcoming the newly-hooded class into the family of Duke alumni. He reminded them of the values of the Duke Blueprint to LEAD (Lawyer Education And Development) and specifically of the Blueprint panel he sat on during the JD students’ orientation, the first time he spoke to them. He urged them to utilize the networking and mentoring relationships available to them through Duke alumni.

“Take advantage of the opportunity— become active in your local Duke Law alumni organizations, meet with leading alumni in your community, let them help you get established in your careers, seek out their advice, and then join them and other alumni in ensuring that future law students at Duke have the same opportunity for a first rate education that you have had.” d –Shanda King

CUDDEN

THOMAS Mc

NSON III J. HARVIE WILKI THE HONORABLE

ADAM SH ULMAN, EL IZABETH SHAW,

AND HAYL EY

WEIMER

MANGYO KI NOSHITA

BRA GANES, STEPHANIE ALYCIA CARTER, JOY HEON AND CARMEN McCUTC

DFORD,

CW FROM TOP LEFT: DAVID PRES TWOOD, MICHAEL LE VIN, SCOTT MESE LSON, AND JASON GELMAN

Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

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Around the Law School DUKE LAW’S GUARDIAN AD LITEM PROGRAM WINS N.C. BAR AWARD

“DUKE LAW STUDENTS WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY TO DO ADVANCED COURT WORK UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE GAL ATTORNEY IN THE COMING YEAR.”

}

ASSOC. DEAN CAROL SPRUILL

DUKE BLUEPRINT WINS ABA’S GAMBRELL PROFESSIONALISM AWARD The Duke Blueprint to LEAD (Lawyer Education and Development) has been has been awarded the prestigious E. Smythe Gambrell Professionalism Award by the American Bar Association Standing Committee on Professionalism. The annual Gambrell Professionalism Award recognizes projects contributing to the understanding of professionalism among lawyers.

Duke Law School was one of only two recipients this year.

In announcing the award, the chair of the Gambrell selection committee said he was “particularly impressed with the depth and excellence of [Duke Law’s] program and [its] obvious commitment to professionalism.”

The award was presented to the Office of Student Affairs at the annual ABA meeting in August.

Also at the August meeting, Vikram Patel ’05, 2004-05 president of the Duke Bar Association, was recognized with the Law Student Division’s award for the top student bar association president, and Matthew Christensen ’05 was named one of the best law school-ABA liaisons.d

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Duke Law’s Guardian ad Litem (GAL) Program has won the North Carolina Bar Association’s Outstanding Law Student Pro Bono Project Award for 2005. Outgoing GAL leader Matt Leerberg ’06 and his successor, Chris Richardson ’07, accepted the award at the NCBA convention in Asheville on June 24.

In the 2004-05 academic year, 22 Duke Law students volunteered as Guardians ad Litem, making long-term commitments to be the courtappointed representatives for allegedly abused and neglected children in Durham. Following 25 hours of training by the Durham County GAL program, the students were each assigned to represent children whose parents had been charged with abuse and neglect by the Department of Social Services, committing to two- and three-year terms so that the children, whose lives are frequently disrupted, could establish consistent and trusting relationships. The students spent time

MATT LEERBERG ’06 AND CHRIS RICHARDSON ’07

with their young clients and interviewed parents and various authorities in order to inform the court about the case and assist the judges in making their decisions.

Associate Dean of Public Interest and Pro Bono Carol Spruill applauds Leerberg’s leadership in recruiting students to the program as well as securing training slots for them with the Durham County GAL program. Last spring, he began adding another dimension to the program: periodic meetings of the Duke Law GAL students to hear about one another’s cases, offer support and advice, and listen to speakers talk on subjects of common interest.

“I am thrilled that Matt stepped forward to build up this program and look forward to it continuing to thrive,” said Spruill. “Thanks to the efforts of another student GAL leader, 3L Wyley Proctor, Duke Law students will have the opportunity to do advanced court work under the supervision of the GAL attorney in the coming year.”

While the GAL program represents a significant time commitment, Leerberg said that he and his fellow student volunteers benefit as much as the children they serve.

“The children I represent are constantly on my mind, and attending custody and review hearings sometimes pulls me out of class more than I’d like.

Nevertheless, the union of analytical training in the classroom with advocacy training in the field provides a richer educational experience than I could achieve with books alone.” d

HEATHER HOLLOWAY ’05 WINS AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING CLINIC WORK In June, Heather Holloway ’05 was awarded an Outstanding Student Award from the Clinical Legal Education Association (CLEA), a national association of clinical professors of law and others involved in clinical legal education. The CLEA award recognizes law students who have excelled in a clinical course in law school. Holloway was nominated for the award by the Duke Law clinical faculty.

Holloway received the award for her work in the Children’s Education Law Clinic, particularly for the work she did representing a high school senior who was facing permanent expulsion from school

for an incident off school property; after being found with explosives in his car during a routine traffic stop, he was charged with possession of weapons of mass destruction. As a result of Holloway’s efforts—she handled his case through an evidentiary hearing, in an appeal before the Board of Education, and then in state Superior Court—the student is expected to obtain his diploma with the rest of his classmates.

Holloway is currently clerking for the New York Superior Appellate Court, Fourth Division, in Rochester. d

{Alumni Notes 1941

1966

1972

Guillermo Moscoso is active as a political analyst and columnist in San Juan, Puerto Rico. A retired lawyer and executive, his career focused on the oil industry and banking. Mr. Moscoso is married to Kitty Kerrigan and has four daughters, Sandra, Brenda, Bettina, and Mariela.

E.D. Gaskins, Jr. received the Wake County Bar Association’s Joseph Branch Professionalism Award. This award is given annually to a Wake County attorney whose ethics, integrity, and service to clients, the community, and the legal profession mirror the standards set by its namesake, a former chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court. E.D. is managing partner of Everett, Gaskins, Hancock & Stevens in Raleigh.

Walter Manley II recently completed his fifth book, History of the Supreme Court of Florida, Volume Two, to be published by the University Press of Florida. The first volume was nominated for the Littleton-Griswold Prize in American Law and Society. Appointed to the Great Floridians Nominating Committee, Manley also recently accepted an appointment

by Governor Jeb Bush to be director of Workforce Florida.

1957 Gerald B. Tjoflat, circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, received an honorary degree during Stetson University College of Law’s spring commencement in Gulfport, FL on May 14, 2005. Judge Tjoflat is a past recipient of Duke Law School’s Charles S. Murphy Award.

1960 Rufus Hill, a retired Washington, D.C. attorney, has published a collection of writings, Thad Duval from Robertson. The title novel is a love story set in 1961, against a southern backdrop. It can be ordered from Authorhouse.com.

1961 Edgar B. Fisher, Jr., of Brooks, Pierce, McLendon, Humphrey and Leonard of Greensboro, NC has been voted by his peers as a leading attorney in real estate law in Business North Carolina’s annual “Legal Elite.”

Carolyn McCue Osteen, LLM ’70, a partner with Ropes and Gray in Boston, has been selected by her peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America 2005-2006.

1968 Jacob A. Bouknight has been elected as the executive vice president and general counsel of Edison International.

Bouknight was previously a partner in the Washington, D.C. office of Steptoe & Johnson. He has chaired the antitrust and electricity committees of the American Bar Association section of public utility, communications, and transportation law.

William L. Patton, a partner with Ropes and Gray in Boston, has been selected by his peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America 2005-2006.

1969

1962

Norman Donoghue, II retired from 33 years of law practice at Dechert in Philadelphia and is now planned giving director of The Philadelphia Orchestra.

John H. Adams, president and founder of the Natural Resources Defense Council, was awarded an honorary degree from Duke University during commencement exercises on May 15, 2005. Prior to his work at NRDC, he served as an assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He has also taught clinical environmental law at New York University’s School of Law for 26 years.

Richard A. Horning, a partner in the Silicon Valley law firm Tomlinson Zisko, was selected by his peers for the second consecutive year as a “Northern California Super Lawyer,” in the area of intellectual property. Horning and his wife, Joanne, were also recently honored by the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation in San Francisco.

1965 Frank W. Hunger, of counsel at Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C. was awarded the Law Alumni Association’s Charles S. Murphy Award during Reunion 2005. (See story, page 59.)

Alexander Newton was sworn in as mission director for Mali at the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). He directs one of the largest U.S. aid programs in Africa, totaling approximately $40 million. The program’s aim is to strengthen Mali’s democratic institutions, promote accelerated economic growth, and improve education and health services.

John Wester, a partner with Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson in Charlotte, NC has been elected as a fellow of the American Bar Association by the ABA board. Fellows are attorneys, judges and law professors who have demonstrated outstanding dedication to their communities and the highest principles of the legal profession.

1974 Lawrence Gostin has been appointed associate dean for research and academic programs at Georgetown University Law Center. He will be responsible for matters related to faculty research and scholarship and for major issues of curriculum design and innovation. Gostin, a professor at the Law Center, also taught at Johns Hopkins University and directed the Center for Law and the Public’s Health at Johns Hopkins and Georgetown Universities.

Donna C. Gregg has been named chief of the Federal Communications Commission Media Bureau, the office charged with handling most of the agency’s oversight of the television business. Since 2002, Gregg had been general counsel for the Corporation for Public Broadcasting in Washington, D. C. She taught telecommunications law and policy at Duke Law School in 2002 and 2003.

Ronald Janke has been appointed chairman of the Ohio Water Resources Council Advisory Group. The organization’s key responsibilities are for water resources management and to act as a representative for the governor’s office.

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Alumni Notes 1975 Frederick Brown has been appointed partner in charge of the San Francisco office of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. He is a member of the intellectual property and litigation practice group and focuses his practice on patent infringement and complex commercial cases and arbitrations. He also teaches trial skills for the National Institute of Trial Advocacy and for the Intensive Advocacy Program at the University of San Francisco School of Law. Allyson K. Duncan, who serves on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, was awarded the Charles S. Rhyne Award during Reunion 2005 by the Law Alumni Association. (See story, page 59.)

James L. Fogle, a partner with Thompson Coburn in St. Louis, MO was recently elected vice president of Life Skills Foundation’s Board of Directors. Life Skills Foundation helps people with developmental and other disabilities to work and live with dignity.

John A. Howell joined McKenna Long & Aldridge’s government contracts department in Washington, D.C. as a partner in March 2005. He previously practiced with Dorsey and Whitney.

Bill Trull has joined with Roger Cumbie to open the Cumbie and Trull School of Real Estate in Asheville, NC. The school offers pre-licensing and continuing education courses for real estate professionals.

He is also a principal in Course Doctors, Inc., headquartered in Flat Rock, NC which builds and renovates golf courses nationwide.

1976 Russell M. Frandsen has joined Reed Smith’s corporate and securities group in its Los Angeles office. Formerly with Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, he has extensive experience with mergers and acquisitions, as well as with general corporate and securities matters for predominantly middle-market clients.

John B. Gontrum has been elected partner in the real estate and land use law group of Whiteford, Taylor & Preston. He is also active in the Baltimore community, serving as president of the Baltimore County Bar Association, vice chairman of the Franklin Square Hospital Board, and board member of the YMCA of Central Maryland.

1977 Michael A. Ellis, formerly of the law firm of Kahn Kleinman, has joined the firm of Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur in its Cleveland, OH office.

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Edward Hinson, a partner in the law firm of James, McElroy & Diehl in Charlotte, NC has received the 2005 James Gray Cannon Award from the Mecklenburg Medical Alliance. The award is presented annually to an individual who has demonstrated exceptional volunteer leadership toward the advancement of medical care and good health in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg community. Hinson also serves as a NC State Bar counselor and chair of the ethics committee.

George C. Leef is the executive director of the John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy in Raleigh, NC. His book, Free Choice for Workers: A History of the Right to Work Movement, was published in April by Jameson Books.

Heloise Merrill, a partner with Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein in Charlotte, NC has been named to the board of directors of Women Executives, an organization founded 29 years ago to provide career– oriented women a forum for professional and personal interaction.

1978 Richard Niess was elected to a six-year term as Dane County (WI) Circuit Court judge in April 2005. He was appointed to that bench in November, 2004, by Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle, after 26 years in private practice as a civil trial lawyer.

Michael Dockterman, a partner with Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon in Chicago, has been named one of the top 100 Illinois “Super Lawyers” for 2005 in a Law and Politics survey. He was also recognized as a Super Lawyer in the area of business litigation.

Wendy C. Perdue has been appointed associate dean for graduate programs at Georgetown University Law Center. She is responsible for the law center’s graduate programs, including its LLM programs in international legal studies, taxation, securities and financial regulation, and national securities studies. She was most recently the associate dean for research and the associate dean for the JD program.

Pamela Peters has been named president of the Florida Philanthropic Network, Inc., a coalition of Florida’s most influential private foundations, community foundations, and corporate funders of nonprofit enterprise.

Chris Sawyer, a partner with Alston & Bird in Atlanta, GA has received the 2005 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Chattahoochee Nature Center for his efforts to protect the river’s banks. Chris oversaw the creation of the Chattahoochee River Greenway project, which raised more

than $160 million and encouraged property owners to donate land for open space. He served for seven years as chairman of the National Trust for Public Land.

Steven J. Shimberg has joined DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary in the government affairs practice group as of counsel.

He was formerly a member of the senior management team at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. He has also served as vice president for federal and international affairs at the National Wildlife Federation and as Republican staff director and chief counsel for the U.S. Senate.

Karen Jackson Vaughn has joined Saul Ewing in Philadelphia, PA, as its diversity program manager. She comes to the firm from Temple University’s Beasley School of Law, where she was assistant dean for career planning.

1979 Valerie Broadie joined the senior staff of the National SAFE KIDS Campaign in January 2005 as chief development officer, responsible for development strategy for National SAFE KIDS and SAFE KIDS Worldwide. She has been an institutional development executive for 20 years, most recently for the University of Maryland, where she served as assistant vice president for development. Previously, she spent four years at Children’s National Medical Center, the parent organization of SAFE KIDS, as director of planned giving.

Gary Jackson has formed a new Charlotte, NC law firm called The Jackson Law Group, which represents consumers injured by defective products or corporate misconduct, defrauded investors, and property owners who have suffered losses because of construction defects.

Christine P. Richards has been appointed executive vice president, general counsel, and secretary of FedEx Corporation. (See story, page 54.)

Jon Yergler, a partner at Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor and Reed in Orlando, has been selected by his peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America in real estate for 2005-06.

1980 James O. Brown has joined Warner Norcross & Judd as partner in the Holland, MI office. He concentrates his practice on advising business owners and real estate developers in a wide range of transactional matters, including business formation, acquisitions, succession planning, and condominium development.

Prior to joining Warner Norcross, he was a partner with Scholten Fant.

TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Alumni Notes entrepreneurship and emerging growth companies.

James Crouse and his wife, Edna, announce the birth of their son, Joshua Teague Crouse, on April 30, 2005. Joshua joins his sisters, Sarah and Caroline. Jim opened his own law firm in Raleigh, NC in 2000.

Anne Katherine Ford has been named national chair of the trademark, copyright, and media group of the law firm DLA Piper Rudnick Gray Cary, where she is a member of its policy committee. She is based in its Washington, D.C. office.

Alan M. Mitchel has been appointed senior vice president of business and legal affairs, and chief legal officer at SCOLR Pharma, Inc. a biopharmaceutical company in Bellevue, WA.

1981 Mark H. Mirkin has joined Moore & Van Allen in the Research Triangle, NC office.

His practice will focus on corporate and securities law with an emphasis on

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Irene Keyse-Walker, a partner with Tucker Ellis & West and chair of the firm’s appellate group, was recently designated as one of “Ohio’s Super Lawyers” by Cincinnati Magazine and also ranked in the top 50 among female Ohio lawyers.

“Super Lawyers” are the top five percent of attorneys in Ohio, as chosen by their peers and through independent research performed by the publishers of Law & Politics Magazine.

1982 Karen K. Blose has been named a principal and general counsel at Hillier Architecture in Princeton, NJ. Peter Cotorceanu is an attorney in the international tax group of Baker & McKenzie in Zurich, Switzerland. Previously he was an associate professor of law at Washburn University School of Law in Topeka, KS and an adjunct professor of law at William and Mary Law School in Virginia.

CLASS OF 1987

James Dever sworn in as a United States district judge James C. Dever III was sworn in as a United States district judge on May 3, 2005, having been appointed by President George W. Bush and unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate.

Originally nominated as a U.S. District Judge in 2002, Dever became a U.S. magistrate judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina in February 2004. Until he became a judge he practiced civil litigation at Maupin Taylor in Raleigh, specializing in employment and commercial litigation.

Dever received his BBA from the University of Notre Dame, with high honors, in 1984, having attended on a four-year ROTC scholarship. While at Duke Law School, Dever served as editor-in-chief of the Duke Law Journal and graduated with high honors. He was a member of the Order of the Coif.

Following his graduation, Dever served for one year as a law clerk for Judge J. Clifford Wallace of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, after which he fulfilled his military commitment arising from his ROTC scholarship. Dever was the sole attorney entering active duty in the Air Force in 1988 selected to serve in the Air Force General Counsel’s Honors Program at the Pentagon. He served on active duty in the Air Force at the Pentagon from 1988 until 1992.

Dever left active duty as a captain in September 1992, returned to North Carolina, and joined Maupin Taylor. He also has taught employment law as an adjunct law professor at Campbell University’s Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law since 1997.

The Eastern District of North Carolina encompasses 44 of North Carolina’s 100 counties, running from Wake County to the coast. Judge Dever’s chambers are in Raleigh, where he lives with his wife, Amy, and their three children. d

www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html

Brooks Eason has joined McGlinchey Stafford as partner in the commercial litigation section of the Jackson, MS office. His practice focuses on commercial disputes and the defense of employment discrimination claims.

James F. Wyatt, III has been voted by his peers as a leading attorney in criminal defense law in Business North Carolina’s annual “Legal Elite.”

1983 Linda Markus Daniels has received the Business Leader Magazine’s 2004 “Woman Extraordinaire” award, the North Carolina Electronics and Information Technologies Association 2004 award for “outstanding service in the area of IT Support Services,” and the Triangle Business Journal’s 2004 “Women in Business” award given to top business leaders in the Research Triangle Park area.

Bruce Ruzinsky, a partner in the bankruptcy and litigation sections of the Houston office of Jackson Walker, was recently designated as a “Super Lawyer”

by Texas Monthly magazine for 2004.

“Super Lawyers” are the top five percent of attorneys in Texas, as chosen by their peers and through independent research performed by the publishers of Law & Politics Magazine.

Michael L. Spafford has joined the Washington, D.C. office of McKee Nelson as a partner to help establish the firm’s white-collar investigations and enforcement practice.

1984 James Grier Hoyt has joined Linowes and Blocher as a partner in the real estate transactions group in the Bethesda, MD office. He was previously a partner at Venable.

Steven Lepper has assumed command of the Air Force Legal Services Agency, the Air Force organization responsible for providing criminal and civil litigation support to commanders worldwide.

William Mackie, an assistant U.S. attorney in Knoxville, TN has been assigned to the counter-terrorism task force. He will also continue as lead attorney in the special prosecutions unit that targets public corruption and fraud.

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Alumni Notes

1985 Lynn Stansel, vice president and counsel at Montefiore Medical Center in the Bronx, NY has been elected chair of the New York State Bar Association’s 1275-member health law section. She oversees compliance activities as well as government audits and investigations at the medical center.

Prior to Montfiore, she served as an attorney for Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Stansel holds a master’s degree in hospital administration.

Mark O. Costley is an attorney with Walker & Lambe in Durham, specializing in tax and estate planning. He and his wife, Margaret T’83, live in Chapel Hill with their daughters, Eleanor and Audrey.

1986 Alan Fishel, a partner at the Arent Fox law firm in Washington, D.C., has developed an educational card game called GeoPlunge.

It was recently awarded the “Smart Play/ Smart Toy, Product of Excellence” by Dr. Toy. Richard Seamon, associate professor of law at the University of Idaho College of Law was presented with the 2005 Peter E. Heiser Award for Excellence in Teaching by the student body.

James Smith has joined Nokia Corporation as global director of intellectual property rights for licensing. He will split his time between Dallas, Helsinki, and London. He was previously managing partner in Dewey Ballantine’s Austin, TX office.

Lisa D. Taylor, a partner with St. John & Wayne, was named one of the “Top 100 New Jersey Superlawyers” by New Jersey Monthly Magazine in May 2005. She was also appointed to a fourth term as vice chair of the American Health Lawyers Association Physician Organization Practice Group.

Gao Xiqing was awarded The International Alumni Achievement Award by the Law Alumni Association. (See profile, page 22.)

1987 Roger Bilodeau has joined the Ottawa, Ontario office of Heenan Blaikie.

Frank E. Derby has been named partner at Fox Rothschild in the Princeton, NJ office.

James A. Thomas has joined Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein as a partner in its Raleigh, NC office. His practice focuses on intellectual property matters,

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CLASS OF 1987

Bjorgvinsson takes seat on European Court of Human Rights David Thor Bjorgvinsson LLM ’87 began his position as a judge of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France, in November 2004, having been nominated for the post by the government of Iceland, and approved by a vote of the Parliamentary assembly of the Council of Europe.

Bjorgvinsson came to the Court with extensive experience in academia and international judicial matters. A member of the law faculty at the University of Iceland from 1988 to 2003, he took leave to work for the European Free Trade Association Court, located in Geneva, from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 until 2003. He joined the faculty of the Reykjavik University School of Law in 2003. Much of Bjorgvinsson’s scholarly work focused on legal theory and European law, including the European Convention of Human Rights, alleged violations of which are dealt with by the European Court of Human Rights.

Bjorgvinsson explains that judges rule on admissibility of cases sitting as three-judge panels, and hear many cases in panels of seven. The most important cases are heard by a Grand Chamber of 17 judges.

“I hope that I can, together with my colleagues here at the Court, contribute to the improved protection of fundamental rights on a European level,” said Bjorgvinsson, noting that among the member states to the Convention are the former communist regimes of eastern Europe, some of the former Soviet republics, and Turkey. “The overall aim of the Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights is the advancement of democracy, rule of law, and fundamental human rights. In some of the member states, there is still a long way to go.”

The biggest challenge for the Court is its extremely heavy case-load, he said; there are currently around 80,000 cases pending before it. “It has been said that the Court is, in this sense, a victim of its own success.” The Court was originally established in 1959 and has sat as a full-time Court since 1998.

Bjorgvinsson, who is married to Svala Ólafsdóttir and has four children, has remained close to Duke. In particular, he said, “My deepest respect goes to my supervisor, Professor Martin Golding, whose sharp mind and insights have inspired me ever since.”d

including trademark and copyright law. He also regularly advises clients in the areas of Internet and domain name law, licensing and business transactions, and life sciences and biotechnology law. He also serves as president of the Triangle chapter of the British American Business Council.

Yan Xuan has joined Oracle Corporation as vice president of government and business development, based in Beijing. He was previously with Microsoft Corporation.

1988 Jonathan M. Crotty, a partner with Parker Poe Adams and Bernstein in Charlotte, NC has been voted by his peers as a leading attorney in employment law for 2005, in Business North Carolina’s annual “Legal Elite.”

Elisabeth Dominkovits is a lawyer for the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Brussels.

David E. Friedman has been promoted at Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. to director, equity finance.

Kelley S. Grady has joined Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll’s litigation department and product liability and mass tort group, as partner in the Philadelphia, PA office.

1989 Kenji Kuroda has opened an office of the Kuroda Law Firm in Shanghai; the firm also has an office in Tokyo. The firm specializes in patent law, intellectual property rights, investment, finance, commerce, and trade issues.

Brian McCoy and Mark Hurt argued Graham County Soil & Water Conservation District, et al., v. United States Ex. Rel. Karen T. Wilson in the U.S. Supreme Court in April 2005. They prepared with a moot at Duke Law School.

TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Alumni Notes Senterfitt. He has also been ranked in “America’s Leading Business Lawyers”

by Chambers & Partners USA for Florida antitrust.

Kenneth A. Murphy joined Saul Ewing’s Philadelphia office as partner in July 2004.

He is a member of the litigation department and the co-chair of the firm’s diversity committee. Prior to joining Saul Ewing, He was a partner at Miller, Alfano & Raspanti, also in Philadelphia.

Marsha Sajer, an associate at the Harrisburg, PA office of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart Nicholson Graham has been appointed by Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld to serve on the Defense Department’s independent review panel to study the relationships between military department general counsels and judge advocates general.

David Starr has been promoted to deputy general counsel of Belo Corporation in Dallas, one of the nation’s largest media companies. He has been with the company since 2000.

Binxue Sang has moved to the Jun He Law Offices in Shanghai, where he is a partner.

Sang specializes in foreign investment in China, cross-border financing, mergers and acquisition, real estate/construction, and international arbitration.

1990 Michael Scott French has co-founded the law firm Wargo & French in Atlanta, GA. Michael Kabat serves as managing partner of the firm. The firm has 17 attorneys who practice in the areas of complex commercial and class action litigation, intellectual property litigation, corporate and securities law, labor and employment law, and alternative dispute resolution.

Caroline B. Gottschalk, a partner at Simpson Thacher & Bartlett was awarded the Young Alumni Award at Reunion 2005 by the Law Alumni Association.

(See story, page 59.)

Xiaoming Li has joined White & Case as partner and heads up the firm’s Beijing office. He was previously with King and Wood in Beijing.

Jeffrey Lichtman and his wife, Nance Dickinson, announce the birth of their sons, Jackson and Grant. The identical twins were born on August 16, 2004.

Kip I. Plankinton married Maria Martineau in Dallas, TX on February 19, 2005.

Previously in Houston, he has moved to the Dallas office of Fulbright & Jaworski.

Lawrence Silverman has been named to head up the 75-lawyer litigation department of the Miami office of Akerman

Elizabeth Zirkle Waetzig and her husband, Chad, announce the birth of their daughter Julia Frances, on November 30, 2004. She joins sisters Erin and Grace.

1991 Amy Chin was appointed commissioner of the new Taiwan Financial Supervisory Commission, an independent regulating authority, at the cabinet level. The Commission was established in July 2004, and is made up of nine commissioners, nominated by the premier and appointed by the president of Taiwan.

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Myrto Labrou is an attorney with the Industrial Property Organization in Athens, Greece.

Therence Pickett has been named vice president, general counsel, and secretary of Volvo Trucks North America, Inc., headquartered in Greensboro, NC, and its affiliate Mack Trucks, Inc., headquartered in Allentown, PA. Both companies are within the Global Volvo Group of Companies.

Devy Patterson Russell is an assistant attorney general in the criminal appeals division at the Office of the Attorney General in Maryland. She and her husband, George Russell III, an assistant United States attorney, have two children, Madison

CLASS OF 1988

Michael Scharf nominated for Nobel Peace Prize Michael Scharf, a professor at Case Western Reserve University Law School, has been nominated for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize, along with the Public International Law & Policy Group (PILPG), which he helped to found in 1995. PILPG co-founder Paul Williams, of the American University Washington College of Law, also received a nomination.

PILPG, a UN-designated non-governmental organization, offers pro bono legal advice to states and international institutions on the legal aspects of peace negotiations and constitution drafting, as well as human rights protection, self-determination, and the prosecution of war crimes. The nomination letter to the Nobel committee, supported by many of PILPG’s governmental clients, lauded the organization for “significantly contributing to the promotion of peace throughout the globe by providing crucial pro bono legal assistance to state and non-state entities involved in peace negotiations and in bringing war criminals to justice.”

Scharf, who directs Case Western’s Frederick K. Cox International Law Center and its War Crimes Research Office, also directs PILPG’s War Crimes Practice Group, while Williams directs its Peace Building Practice Group. Like many of PILPG’s 60 affiliated lawyers around the world, they are veterans of the U.S. State Department.

“In matters of public international law, most countries depend on experienced foreign ministry attorneys or high-priced foreign legal consultants, but developing countries and countries emerging from civil war or transitioning to democracy often can’t afford such specialized public international legal expertise,” notes Scharf. “Paul and I founded PILPG to fill that gap, essentially transforming the State Department’s Office of the Legal Adviser alumni association into the world’s premier pro bono public international law firm.”

Affiliated with Case Western and American University, PILPG has operations in London, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, and The Hague. Among others, it has provided research assistance to the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Iraqi Special Tribunal, and the International Criminal Court.

“PILPG is committed to the notion that if you wish for peace, you must work for justice,” says Scharf. The winner of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced in November.

More information about PILPG can be found at www.publicinternationallaw.org. d

www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html

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Alumni Notes and George IV.

Jim Toscano, partner at Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed in Orlando, was at Duke Law School on April 1, 2005 to speak to prospective students attending Admitted Students Weekend.

Tom Telfer, associate professor at the University of Western Ontario, has published articles in the International Insolvency Review and the Annual Review of Insolvency Law, delivered papers at conferences at the University of Toronto and British Columbia, and is co-author of a new casebook on Canadian bankruptcy and insolvency law.

Xianping Wang was appointed as one of 15 special advisors to the Civil Aviation Administration of China in March. He has been advising the agency and Chinese airlines on regulatory reform and enterprise management for the past 14 years. He is a founding partner of Garfinkle and Wang Associates in Alexandria, VA.

Bryan West joined Tew Cardenas as partner in the Miami office. His practice focuses on general and complex commercial litigation and arbitration.

1992

Gregory Casas has joined Baker & Hostetler as a partner in the firm’s Houston office. He was formerly a partner with Locke Liddell & Sapp. Greg’s practice will continue to focus on antitrust and international dispute resolution.

Hans Brasseler has recently moved to Hong Kong where he is legal director for Asia-Pacific and Japan for Symantec Corporation. Previously he was located at Symantec’s world headquarters in Cupertino, CA.

1993 Gregory W. Brown has joined the partnership at Ragsdale Liggett in Raleigh, NC.

John Folmar is the pastor of the United Christian Church of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Previously he was on staff at Capitol Hill Baptist Church in Washington, D.C. He received his master of divinity from Southern Baptist Theological Seminary in Louisville, KY after practicing law in Washington, D.C. and North Carolina.

Adam Cohen, a partner in the litigation department of Weil, Gotshal & Manges, offered his thoughts on the proposed Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Amendment changes as a guest presenter on a Fios webcast (www.fiosinc.com/ webcasts) in April. His presentation was entitled, “Understanding the Proposed FRCP Amendments.”

Lars Halgreen has published European Sports Law—A Comparative Analysis of the European and American Models of Sport.

The publisher is Forlaget Thomson.

Kelly Capen Douglas has been named general counsel at the University of San Diego. She, her husband and two children, Courtney and Collin, live in Coronado, CA.

Kris Van Hove, a partner at Van Bael & Bellis, in Brussels, Belgium, is a member of the firm’s antitrust team that represents Microsoft in Europe and antitrust proceedings before the European Court.

He is a contributor to the firm’s 4th Edition of its 1,700-page treatise on European competition law.

Colin Jones is an associate professor of law at Doshisha University in Kyoto, Japan.

Ann Hubbard recently became a professor of law at the University of Cincinnatai Law School. She was previously on the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She and her partner, Louis D. Bilionis, announce the adoption of their daughter, Graciela Hubbard Bilionis, who is now two years old.

Nathan Wayne Simms and his wife, Melissa, announce the birth of their first child, Leah Elizabeth, born in Montgomery, AL on January 13, 2005.

Heather M. Stone has joined the Boston office of Edwards & Angell as partner.

Formerly a partner in the business practice group at Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, she is a private equity and transactional attorney.

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Alan Gallatin and his wife Sharyn announce the birth of their second child, Rose Kaitlyn, on December 15, 2004.

Alexander Simpson has opened Alex Simpson PLLC, a securities and corporate law practice based in New York City. The practice focuses on small- to medium-sized companies with legal needs in connection with private and public financings, mergers and acquisitions, general securities, and corporate law advice.

David H. Steinberg has been hired by DreamWorks Animation to write “Puss in Boots,” a feature spin-off of “Shrek 2.”

Philip Strauss received his MBA from the Haas School of Business at The University of California - Berkeley and has joined the adjunct faculty, teaching contract law to MBA students. Phil is also vice president of corporate development and general counsel of Actuate Corporation in South San Francisco.

1994 Madra Alvis Belmont and her husband, Philip J. Belmont, announce the birth of their second daughter, Ava Catherine, on June 14, 2004. Philip, an orthopaedic surgeon with the U.S. Army, is currently serving with the 228th Combat Support Hospital in Tikrit, Iraq.

Richard “Tad” Ferris has joined Holland & Knight in Washington, D.C. as partner. Most recently with Beveridge & Diamond, he will continue to focus on assisting multinational corporations and other entities develop and implement successful investment strategies that minimize legal and other risks in the China market.

Carl-Fedrik Hedenstrom of Magnusson Wahlin Qvist Stanbrook Advokatbyrå in Stockholm is lecturing at Stockholm University.

Rachel McCart has opened Equine Legal Solutions, Inc., a practice in San Jose, CA dedicated to horse-related issues. She was formerly a senior attorney at Intel Corporation.

Russell Miller, who teaches constitutional law, criminal procedure, and public international law at the University of Idaho College of Law, has won the 2005 Outstanding Faculty Service Award presented by the student body.

James W. Smith III was named “Teacher of the Year” at Florida A & M University College of Law. Christopher J. Vaughn, a partner at Carruthers & Roth of Greensboro, NC has been appointed to chair the real property section of the North Carolina Bar Association.

His law practice is focused on commercial real estate transactions.

Brad Wendell, an associate professor at Cornell Law School, mentors other aspiring academics with an online article, “The Big Rock Candy Mountain: How to Get a Job in Law Teaching.”

1995 Eric Alexander has joined Reed Smith as partner in the products liability practice group in Washington, D.C. Previously he was an associate at Arnold & Porter.

Gregory B. Brown has been promoted to partner at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld. He is a member of the firm’s litigation practice in the Houston, TX office.

Kenneth Bullock was recently selected by the Air Force for a fully-funded scholarship

TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Alumni Notes to attend an LLM program in labor law in the Washington, D.C. area.

Tim Dodd, vice president of technology policy for Time Warner Cable is working on digital policy issues with the consumer electronics industry and the Federal Communications Commission in Washington, D.C. Andres Halvorssen, has been designated

by Latin Lawyer Magazine as one of Venezuela’s top lawyers under age 40.

Kirsten Harbers and her husband, Josh Kreinberg ’96, announce the birth of their son, Timothy Michael, on October 30, 2004. Timothy joins big brother Jason.

Carl Koller has recently left the Universidad Iberoamericana, in Mexico City, where he has been teaching for two years. He is now a partner in the Despacho Parás law firm in Mexico City.

Eugene Lao is the legal director for Yahoo in Asia, based in Hong Kong.

Maurine Murtagh has been promoted to director at Howard, Rice, Nemerovski, Canady, Falk & Rabkin, in San Francisco, CA. She is in the firm’s business department.

Pedro Oller and his wife, Renee, announce the birth of their son Enrique on May 20, 2005. Oller was recently designated by Latin Lawyer Magazine as one of Central America and Panama’s top lawyers under the age of 40. He practices in San Jose, Costa Rica.

Tatsubumi Sato is now an appeals court judge of the Tokyo High Court, Intellectual Property 4th Division.

José Manuel Ortega-Sosa of Caracas, Venezuela, has been designated by Latin Lawyer Magazine as one of Venezuela’s top lawyers under age 40.

Kotaro Tamura was re-elected to the House of Councillors in the Japanese Diet in July 2004 for a term of six years.

Brian Wyatt has joined the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City, as associate general counsel.

1996 Robert C. Bowers has been promoted to partner at Moore & Van Allen in Charlotte, NC. His practice includes litigating construction and commercial contract disputes and fiduciary litigation.

Christopher Bowley recently joined LA/ Ventura, a division of Centex Homes in Valencia, CA after four years as strategic management consultant with McKinsey &

Laura Sizemore has been named partner at White & Case in New York.

Company.

Adriana De Florio is a member of a new 15person Buenos Aires firm, Estudio Garrido Abogados, along with Gustavo Garrido ’96 and Guillermo Plate ’03.

Marc Fitoussi has started a new company, TME Group, which is headquartered near Zurich and specializes in business intelligence, development, and sales strategy, and focuses on broadband technologies between Israel and Europe.

1997

Nate Garhart has been elevated to partner at Coblentz, Patch, Duffy & Bass in San Francisco, CA. He is a member of the firm’s corporate practice.

Andrew Cordner and his wife, Gretchen, announce the birth of their second child, Tessa Juliet, on December 7, 2004.

Gustavo Garrido is a member of a new 15-person Buenos Aires firm, Estudio Garrido Abogados, along with Gustavo Garrido ’96 and Guillermo Plate ’03.

Janice Griffin recently joined the Boca Raton, FL office of Hodgson Russ. She specializes in real estate and finance.

Omar Houri, a partner at Houri and Ghalayini in Beirut, Lebanon, has been appointed to the faculty at Beirut Arab University, where he will teach constitutional law and introduction to commercial law.

Josh Kreinberg, and his wife, Kirsten Harbers ’95, announce the birth of their son, Timothy Michael, on October 30, 2004. Timothy joins his big brother Jason.

James R. Levey has been named partner at the international law firm of Bryan Cave. He is a member of the corporate finance and securities, transactions, and entrepreneurial, technology and commercial practice client service groups.

Steven D. Moore has been named partner in the Atlanta office of Kilpatrick Stockton.

His practice focuses on commercial litigation.

Gregory Mose and his wife, Sophia von Woensel, are moving to southwestern France and will run a holiday cottage business.

Michael Samway is deputy general counsel for Yahoo and is responsible for the international division’s legal work, based in Coral Gables, FL. Brad L. Schoenfeld has joined the law firm of Kendall, Koenig & Oelsner as partner in Denver, CO. Also at the firm are David J. Kendal ’94, Cathleen D. Kendall ’97, and Jonathon Taylor ’98.

www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html

Ned and Claire Kresse White announce the birth of their first child, daughter Avery, born November 2, 2004.

Alan J. Chadd has been promoted to partner at Moore & Van Allen in Charlotte, NC. He practices in the area of financial services.

Kerrie Dunstan has joined Morgan Lewis & Bockius as senior associate in the Los Angeles office.

David R. Esquivel, has been named a member of the firm of Bass, Berry & Sims in Nashville, TN. His practice focuses on antitrust and other competition-related matters.

He also maintains a strong commitment to pro bono representation.

Robert Ghoorah and wife, Sarah Solum ’98, announce the birth of their daughter, Grace Jayne Ghoorah, on May 5, 2005.

Hollie H. Hart has been promoted to partner at Moore & Van Allen in Charlotte, NC. She practices in the firm’s commercial real estate group.

Derek S. Hughey recently joined the firm Bass, Berry & Sims in Nashville, TN. He is a member in the firm’s corporate and securities practice area.

Geoffrey Krouse and his wife, Anne Emmert Krouse have moved to Raleigh, NC with their twin daughters, Grace and Caroline. Geoff has joined Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jernigan as a senior associate in the corporate and securities group.

Joe Martinez and his wife, Katie Abbott, announce the birth of their second child, Matías Thomas, on January 12, 2005.

David Morgenstern serves as the legislative director for United States Senator Lamar Alexander in Washington, D.C. Steve Sonne has been admitted to O’Melveny & Myers as partner. He is a member of the transactions department in the firm’s Silicon Valley office.

Juventino Villarreal is the legal manager for Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A. de

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Alumni Notes C.V. (FEMSA) in Monterrey, Mexico. FEMSA is the largest beverage company of Mexico and Latin America.

d Rashad Wareh and Peggy Wang ’98 were married on May 2, 2005 in Ann Arbor, MI. They currently reside in New York City.

Michael and Jillion Stern Weisberg announce the birth of their first child, Alana Jolie, on December 14, 2004.

1998 Noriaki Abe is deputy director of the policy coordination division of the Foreign Policy Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He is in charge of coordinating policies with the U.S., China, and the Korean Peninsula.

Geoffrey W. Adams, an attorney with Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jernigan in Raleigh, NC, has been appointed to the board of directors of Hospice of Wake County, Inc. Ainagul Alimanova has joined the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in London, England.

Alexander Bruns is a professor at GeorgAugust University of Göttingen in Germany, where he teaches civil law, commercial law, insurance law, and comparative law.

Karel D’Hulst has joined GE Advanced Materials as a commercial counsel at its European headquarters in Brussels, Belgium.

Jennifer Adams Draffen has joined Intel Corporation in Santa Clara, CA as a trademark attorney. She lives in San Mateo with husband Mark and son Oliver Charles.

Nora Gierke and her husband, Jonathan Fitzsimmons, announce the birth of their second son, Stacey James Gierke Fitzsimmons on July 9, 2004. He joins older brother Eli Patrick. Nora continues to practice litigation at Reinhart Boerner Van Deuren in Milwaukee, WI. Lisa Glover and husband, Stephen Keith, announce the birth of their daughter, Sarah Lucille Keith, on February 18, 2005.

Andrew S. Gold joined the faculty at DePaul University College of Law in 2004 as assistant professor of law. His areas of expertise are corporate and federal securities law, as well as the law respecting regulatory takings of property. His scholarship includes articles on the scope of securities fraud liability under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act, the original understanding of the Fifth Amendment Takings Clause, and the Supreme Court’s Tenth Amendment

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CLASS OF 1997

Timothy Profeta takes helm of Duke’s Nicholas Institute In June, Timothy Profeta, former counsel for the environment to U.S. Sen. Joseph Lieberman, became the first director of the new Nicholas Institute for Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke University.

“Tim Profeta represents the environmental leaders of the future,” said Duke University President Richard Brodhead in announcing Profeta’s appointment in February. “He is experienced, enthusiastic, and savvy about science policy and the political arena, and strategic in thinking about how Duke can best work with others to forge a positive environmental agenda for our nation. He will be a strong leader for this important new institute.” Duke officials envision that the Nicholas Institute will have a global reach and will marshal the broad resources of the University to assist in setting a national environmental agenda.

As Lieberman’s counsel, Profeta was a principal architect of the LiebermanMcCain Climate Stewardship Act in 2003.

He is credited with helping to build the coalition of support and coordinating a political and media campaign to promote the act’s passage. Profeta oversaw all activities of the Senate Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands and Climate Change during Lieberman’s term as chair in the 107th Congress. He represented Lieberman in legislative negotiations pertaining to environmental and energy issues, and coordinated the senator’s energy and environmental portfolio during his runs for national office.

“I am supremely confident that Tim has the abilities, the energy, and the commitment to turn the Nicholas Institute’s exciting vision for environmental leadership into a reality,” said Lieberman. “Tim has shown an innate and uncanny ability to translate a rough concept into a mature and sophisticated policy proposal. There is no better example of that than his consistent and creative leadership over the years

in championing the Climate Stewardship Act—a massive intellectual, legislative and political undertaking to address the most critical, overarching environmental challenge of our times.”

“By the end of the decade, I want the Nicholas Institute to be on the ‘first-callmade list’ by a wide range of groups interested in environmental issues,” Profeta said. “It should be a resource for businesses seeking to craft strategies to address environmental problems, policymakers seeking to draft effective solutions, advocates seeking credible insight into environmental challenges, and reporters and the public seeking objective analysis.”

Profeta received a BA in political science from Yale University in 1992, and earned a master of environmental management degree at Duke’s Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences concurrently with his JD in 1997. He was editor-in-chief of the Duke Environmental Law & Policy Forum and the recipient of both the Cummings Fellowship in Environmental Law and the 1996 Nicholas School Alumni Fellowship.

Profeta taught a weekly seminar at the Law School in 2002 and 2003 on the evolution of environmental law and on the Endangered Species Act. Before joining Lieberman’s staff, he was a law clerk for Judge Paul L. Friedman, U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.

A three-day environmental summit on the Duke campus Sept. 20-22 will launch the Nicholas Institute, introduce Profeta to the campus community and others, and provide an opportunity for participants to focus on current environmental issues. The summit will showcase how the Institute will work with partners from business, government, and nonprofits to develop results-driven environmental plans.

The Institute is made possible through a gift from Duke Board of Trustees Chairman Pete (T’64) and Ginny Nicholas of Boston, who gave the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences $70 million in December 2003 to push ahead with the new Institute and other activities for Duke to assume environmental leadership and achieve worldwide impact. d

TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Alumni Notes jurisprudence.

Arnaldo Gorziglia is a partner at the Santiago, Chile firm Morales, Noguera, Valdivieso & Besca and is teaching commercial law at the Catholic University/Santiago.

Courtney Holohan has been named partner at Kirkland & Ellis in Chicago. Her practice focuses on intellectual property matters, including patent, trademark, and copyright litigation and counseling.

Jaime Pereyra Iraola is an in-house lawyer with Philip Morris International in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Seth Jaffe has started a new job as an attorney-advisor at the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, Office of the General Counsel, in Washington, D.C. Deena Jenab has joined Blackwell Sanders Peper Martin in Kansas City, MO as counsel in the labor and employment department.

She previously practiced with Polsinelli Shalton Welte Suelthaus in Overland Park, KS. LeeAnn Wheelis Lockridge has joined the faculty of Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, where she will teach intellectual property law. She was previously a visiting professor at the University of Cincinnati Law School.

Diana Chiampi Ohly is a professor of law in Darmstadt, Germany at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, where she teaches software and Anglo-American law.

Avi Ortal LLM ’96 S JD ’98, a partner with Zellemayer, Pelossof & Company in Tel Aviv, Israel, has been named one of the ten most outstanding Israeli lawyers by TheMarker. Dr. Ortal also teaches a course on mergers and acquisitions at Tel Aviv University Law School.

Murphy Pepper and his wife, Soo, announce the birth of their son Macsen Ashby, on February 28, 2005. He joins siblings Katherine, Judah, and Elizabeth. Murphy will shortly celebrate five years of independent practice in Richmond, VA, concentrating on real estate and general corporate law.

Ting Ting Shi has joined Kaye Scholer in the Shanghai office.

Sarah Solum and husband, Robert Ghoorah ’97 announce the birth of their daughter, Grace Jayne Ghoorah, on May 5, 2005.

Darren Wallis and Alison Wallis announce the birth of their daughter, Lyla Lane Wallis, on February 7, 2005.

Peggy Wang and Rashad Wareh ’97 were married on May 2, 2005 in Ann Arbor, MI. They currently reside in New York City.

Kevin and Miranda Zolot announce the birth of their daughter, Ella Simi Zolot, on March 4, 2005. The Zolots live in Charlotte, NC.

1999 Christian Broadbent, of the Securities & Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. has been confirmed as the vice-chair of the District of Columbia Bar’s Investment Management Committee. He is also the recipient of the SEC’s Manuel F. Cohen honorary award. On June 17, he spoke at Duke Law School as part of the “Summer Passport Series” for summer starter jointdegree candidates.

Olivier Catusse has moved to Frankfurt, Germany where he is director of portfolio management and acquisitions at KanAm Grund, a leading syndicator of open-ended real estate funds. He oversees the activities in the U.S. Catusse was previously with Gide Loyrette Nouel in Paris.

Gabriel Feldman joined the faculty of Tulane University Law School in August 2005. He teaches contracts and sports law.

James K. Goldfarb has joined the business litigation practice group in King & Spalding’s New York office. He recently co-authored “Ruling on a Trio of Securities Fraud Cases” published in The National Law Journal on May 16, 2005.

He previously worked at Weil, Gotshal & Manges as a litigation associate.

Kathleen Gutman is working on her PhD in European Union law at Leuven University in Belgium.

Holger Haenecke does management consulting for McKinsey & Company as engagement manager and public sector practice manager. His band, Moxy, celebrated its 10th anniversary and has produced a new album, “Procrastinate,” produced by Holger.

Maya Horton of the New Jersey Schools Construction Corporation was at Duke Law School on April 1, 2005 to speak to prospective students attending Admitted Students Weekend.

Amy Kolczak has been appointed to the board of the Georgia Association for Women Lawyers as a representative-atlarge. She continues to practice in the area of medical malpractice defense with

www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html

the firm of Owen, Gleaton, Egan, Jones & Sweeney in Atlanta.

Dominique Maes is an associate at Baker McKenzie and is a member of the board of the Young Bar Association in Brussels.

He is also a teaching assistant at Leuven University in Belgium.

Robert Milbourne has recently joined Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) as chief counsel for international projects.

CVRD is an international mining company headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Eloise Obadia returned to Washington, D.C. to the Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, a branch of the World Bank that focuses on arbitration and conciliation for disputes between states and foreign investors.

Cynthia O’Neal has been elected to the board of directors of the local chapter of the National Association of Women in Construction and has been certified as a construction industry technician.

Lisa Levin Reichmann, of Jones Day in Washington D.C., was at Duke Law School on April 1, 2005 to speak to prospective students attending Admitted Students Weekend.

Varun Sahay has his own consulting practice in Stuttgart, Germany, where he specializes in business and legal strategy for Indian and European companies.

John Simpkins and his wife, Carolyn, announce the birth of their first child, Jonah, on May 16, 2005. Simpkins, an adviser to several African nations on constitutional law, has joined the faculty of the Charleston School of Law. John has taught political science at Furman University, where he served as assistant director of the Richard W. Riley Institute of Government, Politics and Public Leadership Gordon Walker SJD is head of the law school at LaTrobe University’s School of Law in Melbourne, Australia, and is general editor of International Securities Regulation – Pacific Rim, Vol. 1-IV, an expansive commentary by experts in securities law that is updated six times annually.

Ido Warshavski has returned to Voqneam, Israel and is general counsel and corporate secretary for Given Imaging LTD. Seth Watkins has joined Steptoe & Johnson in Washington, D.C. as special counsel in the intellectual property and litigation groups. Previously, he was an associate at Collier Shannon Scott.

Jason Webber, an associate with White & Case in New York, spoke at Duke Law School on June 20th as part of the

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Alumni Notes U.S. House of Representatives as a senior advisor to Congressman Earl Blumenauer.

“Summer Passport Series” for summer starter joint-degree candidates.

Jeff Welty will direct the Animal Law Clinic at Duke Law School beginning spring 2006. He currently has a law practice in Durham.

Veronica Zarate handles cross-border transactions for the firm, Bonelli, Erede, Pappalardo in Milano, Italy.

2000 Zhanat Alimanov has opened his own firm, providing seminars on finance to Kazak companies and also teaches transnational law at a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Mariya Treisman has joined the office of the New York State Attorney General as assistant solicitor general in the appeals and opinions bureau while husband, Michael Treisman, has moved to Citigroup Investments, Inc. where he is associate general counsel.

Georg Zehetner is working at the Austrian Embassy in Paris, where he is the secretary for legal affairs and also covers some European Union affairs.

2001

Yi Lin Chua is with the firm De Brauw Blackstone Westbrook in Amsterdam.

Rodney Bullard has been selected as a White House Fellow for the 2005-2006 class. He and his wife, Silvette, are moving to Washington, D.C. where he will work as a special assistant to the president.

Ori Demb is director & head of sales operation for Converse, Inc. in Europe. He is based in Tel Aviv, Israel.

Randy Katz is an assistant U.S. attorney in the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney’s office in Miami, FL.

Alaina K. Harrington, a litigation attorney in the Dallas office of Weil, Gotshal & Manges, has been named to a second, three-year term on the board of directors of Planned Parenthood of North Texas.

Pamela Hoefer Lialias and husband, Joakim, announce the birth of their daughter, Sofia Loella, on February 28, 2005.

Jeremy Hillsman spoke by video conference from his Paris office on April 1 to the prospective students attending the Admitted Students Weekend at Duke Law School.

Hugh M. Hollman has joined the law firm of Jones Day in Washington, D.C. Mariana Simoes has been admitted to practice law in Peru and is now working in the corporate arena in Lima.

Louise C. Stoupe has been elected to the partnership of Morrison & Foerster. She is a member of the litigation department in the firm’s Tokyo office. Her emphasis is on intellectual property and international dispute resolution, including arbitration and mediation.

Stephan Strnad has joined Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe e.V., (HELP), an international humanitarian aid organization taking responsibility for all operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The organization’s projects focus on integrating the return of refugees and displaced persons with reconstruction of war-damaged buildings and income generation activities for the returnees.

Vincent Tortorella and his wife, Angela, announce the birth of their daughter Jane, on November 29, 2004.

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Rawn James has accepted a new position with the Office of the Attorney General for the District of Columbia. He has been working for three years in the Washington, D.C. office of Sutherland Asbill & Brennan.

His wife, Maureen B. Kelley ’02, is an attorney for the National Legal Aid and Defender Association.

Stephen Pedersen has negotiated a recording deal for his band, Criteria. As a result, he has left the law firm of Kutak Rock in Omaha, NE and will go on a world tour in support of Criteria’s new release “When we Break,” released by SaddleCreek in August 2005.

J. Evans Rice has accepted a position as a trial attorney with the U.S. Department of Justice, civil rights division, criminal section. He will be prosecuting human trafficking, official misconduct, and hate crimes.

Faye Rodman has recently moved from Houston, TX to join Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart in Atlanta, GA. She will continue to practice labor and employment law.

Matthew Jarboe Rupp and his wife, Sarah Hill Rupp, announce the birth of their son, Oliver Jarboe Rupp, on May 26, 2005. They live and work in Washington, D.C. Amy Scarton continues her work in transportation law and policy as the new chief of staff to the Honorable Francis P. Mulvey of the Surface Transportation Board. She had previously worked in the

Jana Scharf and Seth Safra announce the birth of their daughter, Lauren Hayley, on January 21, 2005.

Carmen Sfeir has been teaching a capital markets course at the University of Chile Law School in Santiago, and is the research coordinator for the School’s commercial law area.

2002 Glen Caplan has accepted a new position with the Raleigh, NC firm of Hutchinson + Mason. He was previously with Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and Rosati in Palo Alto, CA. Jessica Carter was appointed senior vice president and associate general counsel in the Global Private Client Group at Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. in New York City.

Catherine Duval has joined Williams & Connolly in the Washington, D.C. office.

Sarah Gage has been living and working in South Korea since August 2002, as a military intelligence officer for the U.S. Army.

Clevonne Gaillard has joined Nashville, TN law firm, Bass, Berry & Sims, as an associate. She focuses in the healthcare industry practice area.

Myriam Gross and her husband, Marcus Mall, announce the birth of their second child, Tristan Marcus Mall, on June 14, 2005, in Heidelberg, Germany. Tristan joins his sister Mara Miriam.

Gitanjali Lakhotia is working as a senior counsel at the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi.

Marjorie Menza and her husband, Richard Murphy, announce the birth of their first child, Liam Maurice, on February 14, 2005.

Pedro Castro Nevares has joined Estudio Beccar Varela in Buenos Aires. He was formerly with Simpson Thacher & Bartlett’s international associate program in New York.

Mark and Sarah Pryor announce the birth of their twins, Henry Vincent and Natalie Marie, on November 12, 2004.

Santiago Sturla returned to Buenos Aires from his position as legal consultant to the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency in Washington, D.C. He has rejoined the Allende & Brea Law Firm.

TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Alumni Notes Stacey Walker was elected to the board of directors for XCEL Federal Credit Union, a provider of financial, banking, loan, and investments services for members in New York and New Jersey.

2003 Tia Hall Barnes has joined Duke Law School as director of public interest and JD advising. She previously served as a clerk for the Honorable Patricia TimmonsGoodson of the North Carolina Court of Appeals.

Nichelle Johnson Billups, an associate with Hogan & Hartson in Washington, D.C., spoke at Duke Law School on June 20th as part of the “Summer Passport Series” for summer starter joint-degree candidates.

Goncalo Godinho has joined the New York office of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett.

Bernhard Krebs is now with the Upstream Gas Marketing Group of ExonMobil central European law department.

Emiko Nakaami is a visiting lecturer and program coordinator for the office for advanced legal studies at Waseda University in Tokyo, Japan.

Sean O’Neil and his wife, Erin, announce the birth of their fourth child, Olivia Grace, on May 21, 2004.

Guillermo Plate is a member of new 15person Buenos Aires firm, Estudio Garrido Abogados, along with Adriana De Florio ’96 and Gustavo Garrido ’96.

Alejandro Posadas was appointed director of the political studies division of Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas A.C. (CIDE), in Mexico City.

Instructor in Law at Vanderbilt University Law School. She will teach criminal law. She has previously clerked for Judge Judith Rogers of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit and is completing a PhD in philosophy.

Sean M. Kammer has joined Baker & Hostetler, as an associate in the Cleveland, OH office.

Steffi Kandzia and husband, Professor Ralf Michaels, announce the birth of their daughter, Roberta Emilia Michaels on May 12, 2005. Roberta joins big sister, Phillipa.

Sebastian Kielmanovich and Susannah Cox ’05 were married on March 27, 2005 in Baltimore, MD. Sebastian is an assistant district attorney in Wilmington, NC. David Koysza is working as a Bristow Fellow in the Office of the U.S. Solicitor General in Washington, D.C. Tim Kuhner has accepted a tenure-track position at Roger Williams University School of Law in Bristol, RI. He previously clerked for Judge Roger L. Wollman of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.

Emily Marroquin was at Duke Law School on April 1, 2005 to speak to prospective students attending the Admitted Students Weekend.

Yoav Oestriecher is teaching intellectual property law at Bar-Ilan University in Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Allyson W. Paflas has joined the Chicagobased firm of Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon as an associate.

Urmas Peiker, is a law associate in London at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Eran Sarig returned to Israel after a two-month holiday in Peru and Costa Rica, where he visited with LLM classmates. Sarig is an associate with Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

2004 Kristine Andreassen has joined Bryan Cave in Washington, D.C. as an associate, concentrating on financial services.

Randall Cook has recently accepted a position with Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C. Catherine Duval is an associate with Williams & Connolly in Washington, D.C. Mohammed A. Diwan has joined the Chicago-based firm of Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon as an associate.

Nita Farahany has accepted a one-year position as a Vanderbilt Fellow and

Juliana Cleland Richards and husband, Charles, announce the birth of their son, Charles, on August 20, 2004.

Stuart Hale Russell married Kathryn Marley Finch on June 18, 2005 at Duke University Chapel. Stuart is an associate with Parker Poe Adams and Bernstein in Charlotte, NC.

Vorayanee Vudthithornnatirak is teaching at Bangkok University and Rajabhat Thonburi University. In addition he is working in the public prosecutor’s office as a legal officer and doing research for the Thai Securities and Exchange Commission.

Elizabeth Wade has been appointed a magistrate judge in Durham County, NC. She has also recently opened a mediation practice, Carolina Dispute Resolution, which will handle all types of disputes.

Gregory C. Walsh has joined the law firm of Baker & Hostetler as an associate in the Denver, CO office.

Jason Yackee is a law fellow at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.

Thank You! The Duke Law Annual Fund had its most successful year ever in fiscal year 2005, raising more than

$1.966 MILLION to support all aspects of educating a student at Duke.

We are grateful to the more than 2,900 alumni, students, faculty, staff, and friends of the Law School who continue to give generously to help us meet our goals.

Watch our progress daily: www.law.duke.edu/annualfund/

Bengoshi Yoshihito Shibata has joined Sakai & Mimura in Tokyo. He was previously in New York City with Bingham McCutchen.

Michelle A Valteau has joined Stites & Harbison in Atlanta, GA as an associate.

Willem Verschur is an associate at De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek in Amsterdam. His focus is intellectual property law.

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In Memoriam 1939 John C. Oakes, 89, died on May 26, 2005 in Santa Rosa, CA. Mr. Oakes graduated from Science Hill High School in Johnson City, TN in 1932 and received a BSc degree in 1936 from East Tennessee State University before attending Duke Law School. He was a member of Tennessee State University’s Hall of Fame. Mr. Oakes was a special agent with the FBI for 23 years and saw duty in seven domestic offices within the U.S. as well as two foreign countries.

He served in the United States military during World War II, obtaining the rank of captain, and served as the chief investigations officer for the Counter Intelligence Corps. Mr. Oakes was a past president of North Lake Tahoe Rotary Club. He is survived by his wife of 52 years, Louise Renyer Oakes of Santa Rosa.

1940 H. Ross Arnold, Jr., 87, died July 20, 2005, at his home on St. Simons Island, GA. Born in Lafayette, AL January 19, 1918, he lived his life with great enthusiasm and endless curiosity, and was involved with wide variety of causes and subjects.

He was an accomplished musician who enjoyed playing both piano and organ. He cherished his family. He was preceded in death by his first wife, Carolyn Wallace, of Daugherty County, GA, whom he married in 1943 and with whom he raised six children. Mr. Arnold had a diverse litigation and business practice for more than 50 years. He represented Colonial Pipeline Company in acquiring and protecting oil pipeline easements across the Southeastern United States for almost forty years. As the lead lawyer for the Atlanta Jaycees, Mr. Arnold was instrumental in carrying out the antimasking campaign against the Ku Klux Klan in 1949 and 1950, which curtailed violent activities of secret societies. He served as a federal magistrate and was U.S. Commissioner for the Northern District of Georgia for a number of years.

Graduating from Greenville (AL) High School at the age of 15, Mr. Arnold finished Furman University in 1937. He remains the youngest agent ever to enter the FBI, and was the last surviving member of his 1940 FBI class, having served in Ohio, Tennessee, and New York until 1946.

Mr. Arnold was a strong advocate of education, supporting many schools including Furman, Duke, Shorter College, Samford University, and Judson College, and was an organizing founder of the Galloway School in Atlanta. Over the years Mr. Arnold was a member of many civic organizations. He was a trustee

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of the Patterson Barclay Foundation, president of the Atlanta Humane Society, and led both Furman and Duke Alumni Associations. Mr. Arnold is survived by his wife, Alice Lamont Arnold, of Atlanta; a sister, Margaret Arnold Griffith, of Winston Salem, NC; three sons, H. Ross Arnold, III ’76 (Claire), Richard Mark Arnold (Judy), and John Wyatt Arnold, II (Kathy), all of Atlanta; three daughters, Margaret Arnold Wong (Abe), of Atlanta, Sally Curb Arnold II (Tom Bloore), of Geneva, IL, and Debora Anne Arnold, of Pine, CO; and eight grandchildren, Mary Wallace Arnold, Elizabeth Fielding Arnold, William Ross Arnold, Susan Lindsey Wong, Carolyn Hayes Wong, Abby Lauren Wong, Victoria Joy Arnold, and Wallace Kelley Arnold.

Carolina Supreme Court, vice president of the South Carolina Bar for the 14th Judical Circuit and president of the Allendale County Bar Association, and was the attorney for both the town and county of Allendale for a number of years. He also served as president of the Huguenot Society and the South Carolina Historical Society, and was chairman of the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission. Mr. Lawton was a member of the Society of the Cincinnati, Colonial Wars, St. Andrew’s Society and First Families of South Carolina. He is survived by his wife, Bess Macaulay Lawton; children Thomas O. Lawton, Margaret M. Lawton and Angus M. Lawton; and six grandchildren.

1942

Lee Creecy Smith, 78, died April 23, 2005 in Raleigh, NC. He was born July 15, 1926 in Biltmore, NC, the second of four children of Anna Lee Smith and Willis Smith, a prominent Raleigh attorney who served in the United States Senate.

After graduation from high school, Mr. Smith joined the war effort, serving in the U.S. Navy during World War II. He was discharged in 1946, after which he received his bachelor’s degree from Duke University before attending Duke Law School. Mr. Smith began his career as an attorney in Jacksonville, FL in the office of the chief counsel, U.S. Treasury Department. Returning to Raleigh, he joined the firm now known as Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell and Jernigan, which was founded by his father. He was a member of the Wake County, North Carolina and American Bar Associations and the American Judicature Society, and was director/treasurer of the Badger-Iredell Law Office Foundation. He served as chairman of the North Carolina State Board of Elections. Mr. Smith was a delegate to the 1968 National Democratic Convention. He also served as a trustee for both the W.W. Holding Technical Institute and the Wake County Blood Procurement Plan, and was very active in Duke University alumni affairs. Mr. Smith was predeceased by his wife of 40 years, Adele Hardison Smith. He is survived by his son, Lee Jr. and his wife, Nan Potter Smith, of Raleigh, and their three children; son Willis and his wife, Ann Majors Smith, and their two children, also of Raleigh; sister, Anna Lee Dorsett; and two sistersin-law, Vernon Fountain Smith and Matilda Woodard Smith, both of Raleigh; and by many nieces and nephews.

A. Henry Ralston, 85, died February 1, 2005 in Middlesboro, KY. He was born June 18, 1919 in Middlesboro, and received his bachelor’s degree from Duke University before attending Duke Law School. Mr. Ralston served in the Army during World War II as a control tower operator on Iwo Jima. Upon his return home he worked in his family’s coal business, farmed, and operated an automobile dealership. He later practiced law with Denham, Ralston and Nagle before taking over the family business, retiring in the mid 1980’s. Mr. Ralston was a ham radio operator, and had been licensed since 1934. He was known around the world to ham operators by his call sign, W4PPM, and remained an active ham enthusiast until his death. He was preceded in death by his beloved first wife, Lillian Anderson Ralston, and a brother, Craig Ralston, Jr. Survivors include his second wife, Drucilla Creech Ralston; children, Ingrid R. Moore, of Middleboro, Dr. Craig L. Ralston, and his wife Andrea of Tazewell, TN and Patricia R. Hollingsworth and her husband Berkeley of Lexington, KY; and six grandchildren.

1950 Thomas O. Lawton, 80, died March 8, 2005 in Summerville, SC. He was born November 10, 1924 in Allendale, SC, and attended Wofford College before enlisting in the U.S. Armed Services at the age of 18. He was a combat infantryman in the 36th Division and served in the European and Mediterranean theaters, winning a Purple Heart, a Bronze Star, and the Combat Infantryman’s Badge, among other decorations. After his service Mr. Lawton received his bachelor’s degree from Duke University before attending Duke Law School. He was a member of the hearing panel for grievances and discipline appointed by the South

1953

In Memoriam 1955 Mr. William L. Woolard, 73, died April 26, 2005 in Charlotte, NC. He was born August 26, 1931 in Bath, NC, and received his bachelor’s degree from Duke University before attending Duke Law School. Mr. Woolard was an Angier B. Duke scholar and recipient of a Carnegie Endowment Fellowship grant for research in world peace. Upon graduation from law school, Mr. Woolard worked for the Chrysler Corporation, and in 1960 joined the Charlotte law firm of Jones, Hewson & Woolard. He served as partner in that firm until 1986 when he became “of counsel” in order to devote more of his time and energies to community service. Mr. Woolard served on the boards of directors of the Charlotte Rescue Mission, the North Carolina Eye and Human Tissue Bank, the North Carolina Lions Association for the Blind, the Mecklenburg Association for the Blind, the Charlotte Workshop for the Blind, Inc., Lions Services, Inc., Lawyers Title Company, Inc., and Lawyers Educational Foundation, Inc. He served for 15 years as president of the Charlotte Central Lions Educational Foundation, Inc., and at the club, district, state and international levels of The International Association of Lions Clubs. In 1981, Mr. Woolard was elected to the board of directors of Lions Clubs International and held various offices before becoming that organization’s international president for the 1989-1990 term. He received the Lion’s Ambassador of Goodwill Award, which is the organization’s highest honor. In 1990-1991, Mr. Woolard served as chairman of the board of trustees of Lions Clubs International Foundation, which provides financial assistance for humanitarian projects throughout the world. The foundation’s major international service project, SIGHTFIRST, was launched during his year as international president, with the goal of eliminating all preventable and reversible blindness throughout the world. Mr. Woolard was a member of the American Bar Association, the North Carolina Bar Association, the North Carolina State Bar, and the Mecklenburg County Bar Association. He was also a member of the American Judicature Society and was listed in Who’s Who in America. North Carolina Governor Jim Hunt honored him with The Order of the Long Leaf Pine, North Carolina’s highest honor for civic service. Since 1970, Mr. Woolard served as president of Armature Winding Company, Inc., a family-owned business. He is survived by his wife, Virginia Stratton Woolard; son William L. Woolard, Jr. and wife, Peggy; daughter Margaret Anne Woolard; grandsons Nathan A. Woolard and Daniel

A. Woolard, all of Charlotte, NC; brothers Cedric E. Woolard of Washington, NC and Leo B. Woolard of Richmond, VA; sisters Louise W. Broughton of Virginia Beach, VA, Linda W. Blake of Bath, NC and Judy W. Arthur of Washington, NC. Two brothers, John C. Woolard and Elton M. Woolard, predeceased him.

1959 Harrison Kirk Chauncey, Jr., 71, died December 24, 2004 in West Palm Beach, FL. Born March 16, 1933 in Brooklyn, NY, he graduated from Rollins College before attending Duke Law School. He served on the board of governors of the Duke Bar Association, editorial board of the Duke Law Journal, and as DLJ managing editor.

His alumni activities included service as a class agent and on the Duke Law Annual Fund Council. In 1961, Mr. Chauncey moved with his family from New York City to West Palm Beach, and practiced law until his death. He was a member of the Florida Bar Association, the American Bar Association, American College of Real Estate Lawyers, and the American College of Trust and Estate Counsel. He was a former president of the Sailfish Club of Florida, a grand officier honoraire of the Confre’rie des Chevaliers du Tastevin, an active member in the Fraternal Order of Police Associates and a member of the Navy League. He is survived by his wife of 49 years, Constance Shields; his son Harrison III and his wife Kristen of Indianapolis, IN; son Wayne and his wife Katherine of Springfield, VA; his daughter Carolyn and her fiancé Raymond Shea of New York City; and five grandchildren.

1960 Donald K. Easterly, 69, died December 21, 2004 in Penfield, NY. He was born February 14, 1935. Mr. Easterly received his bachelor’s degree from Bucknell University before attending Duke Law School. While at Duke Law, he was assistant to Professor Jack Latty and helped teach the “Accounting in the Corporation” law course. He received the Edward P. Friedberg Award in the 195960 academic year for best work in federal taxation. Mr. Easterly was a member of Delta Theta Phi legal fraternity and the Duke Bar Association. He retired as vice president of JP Morgan Chase Trust Department. He is survived by his wife of 36 years, Ute; sons, Michael and Andrew; brother, E. Phillip and his wife Nancy; uncle, Harold Easterly and his wife Joan; three nephews; and several cousins.

1972 Alan Henry Otte, 58, died April 9, 2005 in Tampa, FL. Mr. Otte received his bachelor’s degree from Duke University before attending Duke Law School.

He was a partner at Rudnick & Wolfe before opening his own firm. His practice included corporate and real estate law. He is survived by his wife, Candace (Nursing ’72) and five sons, Edward, Andrew, Thomas, Bryan and Jonathan; and his mother, Elsie Otte.

1980 Deborah Greenblatt, 58, died June 13, 2005 in Raleigh, NC. Ms. Greenblatt received her JD from North Carolina Central University’s School of Law in 1972, and her LLM from Duke. She then became the litigation director of Carolina Legal Assistance, a nonprofit that represents individuals with mental disabilities, and in 1982 became executive director of that organization.

Ms. Greenblatt’s work in the courts, as well as her advocacy through legislative channels, resulted in major disability law reforms. She has been recognized with a number of awards including: ARC of North Carolina’s Distinguished Service Award; the Jack B. Hefner Award from the North Carolina Council on Developmental Disabilities; the Julian T. Pierce Award for Outstanding Advocacy to All; the W.W. Finlator Civil Liberties Award; and the Mental Health Association’s Distinguished Service Award. Just days before her death, the juvenile justice and children’s rights branch of the North Carolina Bar Association presented Ms. Greenblatt with the Bertha Holt Juvenile Justice Award, recognizing her many contributions to juvenile justice and children’s rights throughout the state.

Ms. Greenblatt was predeceased by her mother, Anne Shpall Greenblatt and her father, Carl Greenblatt. She is survived by her husband, Chuck Eppinette and her daughter, Hannah; her brother, Fred Greenblatt; her sisters, Syma Gerard, Rodeane Widom, and Shirley Widom; and several nieces and nephews.

1991 Adam A. Milani, 39, died on May 11, 2005 in Macon, GA. He was born December 15, 1965, in Peoria, IL. He was a 1988 Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of Notre Dame, earning his bachelor’s degree in English before attending Duke Law School. Professor Milani was associate professor of law at Mercer University, where he taught disability law and legal writing. Before joining the Mercer faculty, he practiced law in Indiana, clerked for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Fall 2005 • Duke Law Magazine

75

In Memoriam Indiana, and was a member of the faculty at the University of Illinois College of Law. A quadriplegic and a renowned scholar on disability law, Professor Milani wrote four books and numerous articles on the law of disability discrimination, and served as a consultant to many attorneys around the country on those issues. In 2003, Professor Milani was elected to the American Law Institute. In 2004, he was honored by the University of Notre Dame Alumni Association for his public service on behalf of the disabled. Mr. Milani was a devoted Notre Dame football and Duke basketball fan. He is survived by his parents, Joan and Ken Milani of South Bend, IN; his brother, Michael Milani of Hinsdale, IL; sister, Maria Moon of Leesburg, SC; three nephews, David Rogers, Michael Rogers and Jim Milani; and two nieces, Hannah Dokey and Katie Milani.

Mary Elizabeth Spear, 40, died February 26, 2005 in Santa Barbara, CA. She was born December 30, 1964 in Hays, KS, to Guy and Laura Johnson Spear. She grew up in Winston-Salem, NC, attending Summit School until ninth grade, and graduating from Forsyth Country Day School in Lewisville in 1983. Ms. Spear was an accomplished runner at an early age, ranking number one in high school in the one-mile for three years. She won state championships and participated in U.S. Olympic trials. After graduating as her high school’s valedictorian, she attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill on a Morehead Scholarship. There she majored in political science, spent her junior year in France, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa. Ms. Spear spent some time doing volunteer work in West Africa.

Ms. Spear studied law in Liege, Belgium for a year on a Rotary scholarship, prior to entering Duke Law School.

Upon graduation, she clerked for North Carolina Supreme Court Justice Willis P. Whichard. Ms. Spear married C. Edson Armi in 1991, and lived in France until her husband’s appointment to the University of California took the family to Santa Barbara. She was admitted to the California Bar in 1994, and was hired by the Santa Barbara County Public Defender, realizing a long held ambition.

She worked for eight years as a criminal defense attorney before illness forced her to take a leave of absence. She leaves behind her two daughters, Jemma, 9 and Rovenna, 3; and her husband. Other survivors include her three brothers; Christopher of Norfolk, VA, Michael of New York City, and Matthew, of Charlotte, NC.

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Duke Law Magazine • Fall 2005

Duke Law School

Selected Events Fall 2005 SEPTEMBER

26

Great Lives in the Law Janet Reno Sponsored by the Program in Public Law

27

Fourth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture Richard Buxbaum Jackson H. Ralston Professor of International Law, Boalt Hall, University of California, Berkeley

O C TO B E R

7–8

Leadership Weekend Meetings of the Board of Visitors, Law Alumni Association Board, and Future Forum

21

Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum 2005 Fall Symposium

N OV E M B E R

11

Distributive Justice Issues in American Health Care Symposium Sponsored by Law and Contemporary Problems

14

Brainerd Currie Memorial Lecture William Van Alstyne Lee Professor, William and Mary Law School

Duke Law Magazine Duke University Law School Box 90389 Durham, NC 27708-0389

N O N-P R O F IT O R G. U.S. P O STAG E

PA I D D U R HAM, N C P E R M IT N O. 6 0

Address service requested

Honor Roll of Donors

The Everett Circle

This report gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the many alumni and friends who provide vital support to Duke Law School.

The Law School operates on a fiscal-year calendar and gifts listed in this report were received between July 1, 2004 and June 30, 2005. Every effort has been made to avoid errors, and we apologize for any that might appear. Please contact us with corrections.

J. Kelly Scarbeau, Assistant Director of Development, Stewardship and Communications Telephone: 919-613-7205 Toll-free: 888-LAW-ALUM Email: scarbeau@law.duke.edu

$50,000 - $99,999 Anonymous (2) The Atlantic Philanthropies Carl E. Bolch, Jr. ’67 G. William Brown, Jr. ’80 Randi Feiner Stuart F. Feiner ’74 Jill I. Fishman Mark A. Fishman ’78 Bettysue Cameron Hughes Jeffrey P. Hughes ’65 George R. Krouse, Jr. ’70 Susan N. Krouse Amy M. Moss Frances F. Rufty ’45 Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP

The Lanty L. Smith Society The Lanty L. Smith Society, named for the Law School’s first $1 million donor, recognizes alumni and friends whose cumulative gifts and pledges to the Law School total $1 million or more. We are grateful to this growing group for its loyal and tremendous support of Duke Law School.

Anonymous (7) The Atlantic Philanthropies Bob Barker Joan P. Beber Robert H. Beber ’57 Charles A. Cannon Trust #3 The Duke Endowment Kathrine Robinson Everett Charitable Testamentary Trust Robinson O. Everett ’59 Marcy R. Horvitz † Richard Alan Horvitz ’78 Richard & Marcy Horvitz Foundation Bettysue Cameron Hughes Jeffrey P. Hughes ’65 Kresge Foundation Moreland Management Company David D. Noble ’66 Donald E. & Alice M. Noble Foundation, Inc. Estate of James E. Padilla ’78 Archibald C. Rufty † Frances F. Rufty ’45 Archibald and Frances Rufty Foundation Jeroll R. Silverberg ’46 Lanty L. Smith ’67 Margaret Chandler Smith Stanley A. Star ’61 Star Family Foundation L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61 Sue S. Williams

Barrister Donor Society The Barristers are a distinguished group of Duke Law alumni and friends who share a commitment to the future of the Law School and its students. We are especially grateful in this fiscal year to our Barrister donors, many of whom increased their giving levels from the original $1,000 minimum contribution level to the new $2,500 level.

We deeply appreciate your continued membership.

The Latty Circle $100,000+ Anonymous (5) Bob Barker Charles A. Cannon Trust #3 Community Foundation of Greater Greensboro Inc. The Duke Endowment Kathrine Robinson Everett Charitable Testamentary Trust Robinson O. Everett ’59 Estate of Marion G. Follin Richard Alan Horvitz ’78 Richard & Marcy Horvitz Foundation David W. Ichel ’78 Estate of Tom Karas ’59 David D. Noble ’66 Donald E. & Alice M. Noble Foundation, Inc. Estate of James E. Padilla ’78 Lanty L. Smith ’67 Margaret Chandler Smith Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. ’41 Mary Gray Smith Stanley A. Star ’61 Star Family Foundation

The Shimm Circle $25,000 - $49,999 Anonymous (1) Branch Banking & Trust Co. David M. Eisenberg ’77 Mary A. Ferguson Raymond Buck Ferguson ’70 Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund Jane T. Hahn John S. Hahn Anthony S. Harrington ’66 Robert M. Hart ’69 Anna Ho Elizabeth F. Kuniholm ’80 Joel M. Lasker ’69 Louise Lasker Robert G. Moskowitz ’77 Michael A. O’Hara ’92 Toys “R” Us Children’s Fund, Inc. Herbert J. Zimmer Ronna T. Zimmer

Barrister Colleague $10,000 - $24,999 Alfred G. Adams, Jr. ’74 Sarah H. Adams ’73 Aon Risk Services ARS National Practice Groups Ayco Charitable Foundation Bank of America Corporation Katharine T. Bartlett Alan R. Bender ’79 Joyce S. Bender Daniel S. Bowling III ’80 Elizabeth G. Bowling Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation Colin Wegand Brown ’74 Robert A. Buchholz ’98 Stuart Upchurch Buice William T. Buice III ’64 Bessie M. Carrington Paul D. Carrington Candace M. Carroll ’74 Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton

Robert P. Cochran ’74 Suzanne H. Cochran Robert & Suzanne Cochran Family Foundation Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta Inc. James P. Davenport ’69 Nancy G. Davenport Dara Lyn DeHaven ’80 Laura B. Di Giantonio ’79 Michael R. Dockterman ’78 Davis W. Duke, Jr. ’59 Evada Foundation Ltd. Gail W. Feagles ’76 Prentiss Eric Feagles ’76 Bonnie S. Fleming J. Carlton Fleming ’51 Foundation for the Carolinas Ronald W. Frank ’72 Goldman Sachs & Company Caroline B. Gottschalk ’90 George G. Guthrie ’67 Donna L. Hardiman John L. Hardiman ’82 Hillsdale Fund, Inc. IOLTA Board of Trustees Peter J. Kahn ’76 Christopher K. Kay ’78 Kristine K. Kay Kim & Chang John R. Knight ’83 Paul R. Koepff ’73 LCS & Partners Law Firm Oliver Tsung Wen Lee ’01 David M. Lieberman ’89 Gary G. Lynch ’75 Mayer Brown Rowe & Maw LLP McGraw-Hill Companies Merrill Lynch Robert K. Montgomery ’64 New York Stock Exchange Foundation North Carolina State Bar Board of Continuing Legal Education Michael T. Petrik ’83 David R. Poe ’74 Irene B. Ponce ’89 Mario A. Ponce ’88 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP PUA & Associates Richemont International SA Jayne L. Rosenberg Peter David Rosenberg ’78 James R. Safley ’68 Glenn R. Sarno ’92 A. Daniel Scheinman ’87 Zoe Scheinman Sabine Schmidt-Pischner ’89 Christopher H. Schroeder Shearman & Sterling Allen G. Siegel ’60 Rochelle R. Siegel Leonard B. Simon ’73 Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom Kenneth W. Starr ’73 Gillian Steel Robert King Steel Robert K. Steel Family Foundation William F. Stevens ’70 Melvin S. Taub ’44 Chilton D. Varner K. Morgan Varner III ’66 Constance Elizabeth Vaught Wachovia Corporation Ann Heath Walker Clarence W. Walker ’55 John L. Walker ’77 L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61 Sue S. Williams Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati Way-Wen Yang ’99

Sustaining Member $5,000 - $9,999 Anonymous (2) Jean T. Adams ’79 Andrew E. Adelson ’66 Virginia B. Adelson Jaime Eduardo Aleman ’78 Allen & Overy LLP American International Group, Inc. J. Bradford Anwyll ’82 Peter B. Archie ’65 Todd Hunter Bailey ’76 Linna M. Barnes ’76 Claudia C. Beard John Q. Beard ’60 Renee Elizabeth Becnel ’90 Faith Bell Trust BellSouth Corporation Daniel Scott Berman ’92 Karen A. Bussel Berman ’92 Donald Haskell Beskind ’77 Bessemer Trust Company, N.A. Janie Bezanson Thomas E. Bezanson Estate of Anita W. Bidlake Daniel T. Blue, Jr. ’73 Edna Earle Blue Needham J. Boddie II J. A. Bouknight, Jr. ’68 John M. Bremer ’74 Cynthia Jones Buck Peter Coleman Buck ’76 Robert L. Burrus, Jr. ’58 John A. Canning, Jr. ’69 Canning Foundation David B. Chaffin ’83 Deborah Chiles Stephen M. Chiles ’67 Reginald J. Clark ’78 Ronald Louis Claveloux ’84 Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. Coca-Cola Foundation Marie L. Crawford † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Honor Roll of Donors

Stephen G. Crawford ’64 Deborah A. DeMott Charles A. Dukes, Jr. ’57 Rebecca W. Dukes Paul B. Ford, Jr. ’68 Ross Carey Formell ’87 Charles D. Ganz ’72 Howard G. Godwin, Jr. ’69 Mary Ann McDonough Godwin Jeffrey B. Golden Rita P. Golden Raymond Hayes Goodmon III ’77 Susan S. Goodmon Donna C. Gregg ’74 Robert Edgar Gregg ’74 Joseph M. Griffin ’61 Priscilla G. Griffin Susanne I. Haas ’87 Thomas Andrew Hale ’82 C. Wells Hall III ’73 Kathleen M. Hamm ’88 Martha J. Hays ’82 Andrew S. Hedden ’66 Harriet T. Holderness John Richard Holzgraefe ’79 Richard Louis Horwitz ’82 Jonathan T. Howe ’66 Kenneth Charles Hunt ’76 Lisa Combs Jern ’90 Christopher G. Kelly ’86 Glenn E. Ketner, Jr. ’63 Mary C. Kilbourn Cynthia M. King ’89 King & Spalding David G. Klaber ’69 Donald C. Lampe ’82 Emmett B. Lewis III ’67 Donald R. Lincoln ’67 Mary J. Lincoln James E. Luebchow ’73 Carl F. Lyon ’68 Maryann Lyon Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. Margaret A. McCormick Michael D. McCormick Mary L. McKee Antonio Mendes ’67 Pearl Meyer & Partners, Inc. Peter J. Michel ’66 Elaine Pouletson Miller Martin J. Miller ’68 Christian J. Mixter ’77 JP Morgan Chase Foundation Francis H. Morrison III ’75 Sally M. Morrison NIKE, Inc. Northwestern Mutual Life Foundation Robin Panovka ’86 Paul J. Pantano, Jr. ’80 Robert Bruce Parrish ’78 Robert K. Payson ’64 Happy R. Perkins ’80 Pfizer Inc. David H. Potel ’81 Alice H. Prater ’87 Harlan I. Prater IV ’87 † Deceased

Robert B. Pringle ’69 Elizabeth Hitchins Quigley ’94 L. Matthew Quigley ’94 R.J. Reynolds Foundation Wendy A. Robineau Bruce L. Rogers ’87 Rosenberg, Minc, Falkoff & Wolff LLP Thomas D. Rowe, Jr. Michael C. Russ ’69 Salisbury Community Foundation Elizabeth Y. Schiff ’85 James Andrew Schiff Robert C. & Adele R. Schiff Foundation Thomas H. Sear ’72 Shepard Broad Foundation Sidney W. Smith, Jr. ’49 Eric I. Song Patricia Tilley Song ’98 SpencerStuart Albert F. Stevenson Lynn W. Stevenson Corinne D. Stewart Lindsay D. Stewart Paul K. Sun, Jr. ’89 David K. Taylor, Jr. ’49 Teachers Insurance & Annuity Association James W. Ummer ’72 Janet Sue Ummer United Way of Delaware Inc. Charles O. Verrill, Jr. ’62 Wachovia Corporation Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Foundation Michael R. Walsh ’63 Kim W. West ’77 John R. Wester ’72 Thomas W. Winland ’74 Tyla Winland Winston & Strawn LLP Winston-Salem Foundation

Member $2,500 - $4,999 (donors paying on pre-existing multi-year Barrister level pledges, as well as graduates of five years or less, judges, educators, and those who work for the government or non-profit organizations are Members at $1,000 annually) Anonymous (4) Mohammed Abdulrahman Al-Sheaibi ’93 Edwin Robert Acheson, Jr. ’80 Thomas R. Adams John Hamilton Adams ’62 Clifford R. Adler ’82 ADP Foundation Advisory Publications Ujin Ahn ’05 Juan F. Aleman ’91 Bruce D. Alexander ’68 Christine N. Alexander James P. Alexander ’69 Jeanne B. Alexander

David H. Allard ’56 American University Darius K. Amjadi ’90 Kristine M. Andreassen ’04 Harris R. Anthony ’76 Linda V. L. Anthony Scott A. Arenare ’89 Trever K. Asam ’04 Patricia C. Ayres Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation Bruce W. Baber ’79 Cynthia G. Baber Richard G. Bacon ’67 Ann K. Bailey Robert Kevin Bailey ’98 Cynthia Lee Baker Bank of America Bank of America Foundation Louis Jay Barash ’79 Thomas W. H. Barlow ’72 James Edison Bauman ’82 Duncan M. Beale Sara Sun Beale Bear Stearns & Company Leif C. Beck ’59 Brenda B. Becton ’74 Charles L. Becton ’69 John Cole Beeler ’76 Pamela J. Beeler Sarah E. Bell ’04 Thomas A. Belles ’81 Brian R. Berman ’04 Jennifer A. Berman ’04 Dale S. Bernard Daniel F. Bernard ’67 James Wilson Berry, Jr. ’74 John T. Berteau ’67 Philip J. Bezanson ’04 Thomas J. Biafore ’91 Ellen J. Bickal ’80 C. Thomas Biggs ’62 Mary G. Biggs David L. Blisk ’83 Daniel Terry Blue III ’01 Grace C. Boddie ’51 Brian W. Bolster R. Lawrence Bonner ’80 J. Sidney Boone ’69 BOS Foundation David K. Bowsher ’99 Tamala T. Boyd ’04 Dana G. Bradford II ’73 William H. Bradford, Jr. ’62 David F. Bradley Laura L. Bradley ’92 Hans J. Brasseler ’92 Antonio B. Braz ’86 Steven T. Breaux ’89 Marjorie L. Breisblatt Robert B. Breisblatt ’72 John D. Briggs ’86 Valerie T. Broadie ’79 Val C. Brooks ’53 Robert T. Brousseau ’72 Duane E. Brown ’83 Frederick Brown ’75 Janine Brown ’86 Jackson B. Browning, Jr. ’73 Katharine B. Buchanan

Phillip H. Buchanan James E. Buck ’60 Judith Buhrman Richard W. Buhrman ’66 Buhrman & Associates, P.C. John Arthur Busch ’76 Blain B. Butner ’80 Denise Caffrey ’76 Margaret Carter Callahan ’84 James H. Carll ’75 John C. Carlyle ’64 Leslie P. Carnegie ’99 David C. Carroll Sally C. Carroll ’86 Patricia A. Casey ’82 Michael C. Castellon ’86 Victor A. Cavanaugh ’70 Cecile H. Chadwick Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. ’53 James M. Chadwick ’80 Laurel R. Chadwick Chalfont Foundation, Inc. Sohini Chatterjee ’04 Kyoungjin Choi Graham J. Chynoweth ’04 Theresa M. Claffey ’99 Charles M. Clark, Jr. Robert L. Clifford ’50 Brent O.E. Clinkscale ’86 Charles T. Clotfelter Kristin Ramsey Clyde ’92 Thomas MacIver Clyde ’92 John J. Coleman III ’81 Ronald T. Coleman, Jr. ’86 Curtis L. Collier ’74 Virginia Combs Lorynn A. Cone ’79 Thomas E. Cone ’81 John W. Connolly III ’85 Norman G. Cooper ’67 Dean M. Cordiano ’76 Valerie B. Cordiano Tia Lynn Cottey ’85 Joyce M. Coughlan Patrick C. Coughlan ’65 Lea Courington ’77 Covington & Burling James D. Cox CSX Corporation Justin T. Curley ’04 John Curry ’05 Sarah V. Dadush ’04 J. Michael Dalton ’82 Mark Francis Daly ’98 Richard A. Danner Donald A. Daucher ’71 Robert Norman Davies ’61 Herbert O. Davis ’60 Kenneth Roy Davis ’78 Sarah H. Davis ’04 John Sabine DeGroote ’90 Christine M. DeMott ’00 Alfonso de Orbegoso ’89 Donald P. Dietrich ’61 Donald P. Dietrich II ’90 Kristyn E. Dietrich ’90 Rodney J. Dillman ’78 Mark R. DiOrio ’88 Adrian E. Dollard ’95 Anne L. Dollard ’94

Christopher A. Donesa ’92 Elizabeth E. Doscher ’00 Robert L. Dougherty ’82 Fritz L. Duda, Jr. ’93 Fritz L. Duda, Sr. James F. Duda Duda Family Foundation Duke Energy Foundation Allyson K. Duncan ’75 Christine M. Durham ’71 George Homer Durham II Durham Merchants Association Charitable Foundation Christopher Dean Dusseault ’94 J. Scott Dyer ’80 Michael L. Eckerle ’77 Susan L. Edelheit ’78 Lisa Anne Eichhorn ’90 Bruce A. Elvin ’93 Rebecca B. Elvin John D. Englar ’72 Jeremy C. Entwisle ’04 Katharine H. Ervin Paul Revere Ervin, Jr. ’65 Raymond J. Etcheverry ’76 ExxonMobil Foundation Nita Farahany ’04 Christopher P. Fazekas ’04 Fidelity Foundation Maria J. Fincher ’84 Harry J. Finke IV ’82 Lynn Rosenthal Fletcher ’83 Robert Parker Fletcher ’83 James L. Fogle ’75 Linda Cox Fornaciari ’81 Stuart M. Foss ’68 Mark Stephen Foster ’73 Benjamin Eagles Fountain III ’83 Sharon M. Fountain ’82 James R. Fox ’71 Jennifer Lynne Franklin ’98 Anne Marie O. Fred John D. Fred ’04 Richard M. Freeman ’74 Harold I. Freilich ’77 James C. Frenzel ’70 Carl H. Fridy ’73 Jean Louderback Fridy David A. Friedman ’57 Marilyn Nelson Friedman David E. Friedman ’88 Melinda M. Friedman Haley J. Fromholz ’67 Paul Jay Fukushima ’75 Nancy S. Fuller Robert W. Fuller III ’83 W. Erwin Fuller, Jr. ’64 Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. ’64 Robert J. Gallagher, Jr. ’04 William J. Gallwey III ’72 Pamela Brooks Gann ’73 Melissa Ganz ’05 Donald B. Gardiner ’65 Jill M. Gardner Seth Evan Gardner ’94 Paul R. Genender ’94 General Electric Company Joe W. Gerstein ’52

Margo E. Jackson ’79 N. Anthony Jeffries ’92 Samuel W. Johnson ’72 Velma H. Johnson Lauren W. Jones ’84 Ann Turner Jordan Robert W. Jordan Margaret H. Jorgensen Thomas A. Jorgensen ’67 JustGive Michael H. Kahn ’77 D. Ward Kallstrom, Jr. ’77 Stefanie I. Kandzia ’04 Jonathon H. Kaplan ’90 Juliet J. Karastelev ’03 Daniel Franklin Katz ’83 Edward E. Kaufman Lynne M. Kaufman Joel I. Keiler ’60 Mary Eskridge Keiler Christine K. Kelly Christopher Mark Kelly ’86 James J. Kenny ’62 Nannerl O. Keohane Robert Keohane Brian D. King ’00 Eleanor D. Kinney ’73 Ann Pfohl Kirby Blake A. Klein ’04 Christopher N. Knight ’71 Emily Turner Knight Robert B. Krakow ’81 Jacqueline M. Krebs Kenneth J. Krebs ’84 Kresge Foundation Kromann Reumert La Macchia Family Foundation Patricia D. Larson Philip C. Larson ’71 David D. Laufer ’69 John D. Leech ’64 Matthew N. Leerberg ’06 Thomas G. Lenne ’05 Karl W. Leo ’83 Glenn W. Letham ’72 Jay Jordon Levin ’74 Adele O. Levitt ’77 Dana N. Levitt ’77 Ogden Lewis Christian A. Libson Jeffrey P. Libson ’81 Trent William Ling ’91 Wendy Sartory Link ’89 Christopher Wendel Loeb ’84 Edward A. Loeser ’51 London Drugs Foundation Stuart D. Louie ’03 John F. Lowndes ’58 Estate of William J. Lowry ’49 Charles C. Lucas III ’90 Donal A. Luna ’04 Cosmas N. Lykos ’93 Kelli-Anne Lykos Stephen M. Lynch ’86 Janice F. Madden Paul C. Madden ’72 Cynthia B. Maddox ’87 Robert L. Maddox III ’87 Thomas D. Magill ’76 Jennifer D’Arcy Maher ’83

George R. Mahoney, Jr. ’67 Jane Makela ’78 Christopher D. Mangum ’85 Kent L. Mann ’76 Marathon Oil Company Foundation CoraLynn H. Marshall ’78 Daniel S. Mason ’72 Gary Edward Mason ’87 Mathis-Pfohl Foundation James B. Maxwell ’66 Richard C. Maxwell Robert W. Maxwell II ’68 Laurie E. May Randolph J. May ’71 David L. Maynard ’62 Alfred R. Mays ’56 Robert A. Mays ’04 Gray McCalley, Jr. ’79 Mary Jo McCalley Rachel Kosmal McCart ’95 Ralph L. McCaughan ’66 Susan B. McCaughan Keith A. McCausland Jerry J. McCoy ’66 Daniel M. McDonald ’66 Robert L. McFadden ’54 William B. McGuire ’33 Duncan O. McKee ’56 Alexander Ward McKeithen ’63 Celeste P. McLain S. Lynn McLain ’74 Thomas E. McLain ’74 Joseph A. McManus, Jr. ’72 Thomas P. Meehan ’65 Timothy Elmer Meredith ’77 Craig Benton Merkle ’81 Paula Krahn Merkle ’81 Heloise C. Merrill ’77 Charles W. Mertel ’64 John Donald Methfessel, Jr. ’86 Nancy Metzloff Thomas B. Metzloff Ralf C. Michaels John J. Michels, Jr. ’85 H. Todd Miller ’71 June L. Miller Albert Garver Moore, Jr. ’77 James R. Moore ’69 Carol Preston Morgan Thomas H. Morgan ’66 William Douglas Morris ’85 Douglas B. Morton ’71 Eric Keith Moser ’89 Maurine Mills Murtagh ’96 Barbara F. Musselwhite Marvin D. Musselwhite, Jr. ’63 David J. Naftzinger ’73 Robert J. Nagy ’88 Steven Paul Natko ’84 Charles B. Neely, Jr. ’70 Phillip W. Nelson ’04 Theresa A. Newman ’88 Paul G. Nofer ’87 Sidney J. Nurkin ’66 Kenneth J. Nussbacher ’77 Loretta Nussbacher Rohan Oberoi ’05 Bernard Robert Okun Deanna T. Okun ’90

Susan Freya Olive ’77 Wendy Beth Oliver ’87 J. D. Page ’77 Laurel D. Palmer Richard A. Palmer ’66 David W. Pancoast ’67 Carol S. Pancoast David W. Pancost Karen B. Pancost ’76 Stevan Joseph Pardo ’84 William R. Patterson ’50 William L. Patton ’68 William H. Pauley III ’77 Glen A. Payne ’72 Ann Gerald Pearlman Michael A. Pearlman ’70 Andrew J. Peck ’77 Jeffrey J. Peck Peek Cobb Edwards & Ashton John E. Pelletier ’89 Stephen P. Pepe ’68 Jerry P. Peppers ’71 Sue E. Peppers Kelly A. Perry ’03 M. Catherine Peshkin ’03 Calvin R. Peters Pamela A. Peters ’78 Stephen C. Peters ’83 Christopher J. Petrini ’87 Julie O. Petrini ’87 Elizabeth O’Shea Pfohl James M. Pfohl Calvin R. Phelan ’73 Marianne Philip ’83 Robert D. Phillips, Jr. ’78 Susan G. Phillips ’78 Ashmead P. Pipkin ’75 Marjorie A. Pipkin David C. Pishko ’77 Mary Jane Brown Pishko Thomas B. Pitcher ’66 Gary A. Poliner ’77 Ildiko Poliner David Bruce Post ’76 Wesley R. Powell ’94 Llewelyn G. Pritchard ’61 Procter & Gamble Fund Danae Kay Prousis ’75 Deana Kay Pruitt ’91 Leonard V. Quigley Lynn Quigley Lindsey A. Rader ’87 Chris A. Rallis ’78 The Rallis Richner Foundation, Inc. R. Dennis Rasor Dustin B. Rawlin ’00 Meggan L. Rawlin ’01 C. Richard Rayburn, Jr. ’74 Yvonne M. Rayburn Frank T. Read ’63 Roxane Frances Reardon ’93 Roger A. Reed ’73 Mark D. Reeth ’86 Ronald L. Reisner ’72 William A. Reppy, Jr. C. Nicholas Revelos ’65 Wayne A. Rich ’67 Juliana C. Richards ’04 Melanie B. Richards

Russell Bachman Richards ’74 Keri Ann Richardson ’05 Gail Levin Richmond ’71 Michael L. Richmond ’71 Allison H. Ridder ’05 Julie M. Riewe ’99 John F. Rigney ’84 Karen W. Rigney James P. Riley ’64 Carolyn Pritchard Riordan Robert P. Riordan ’84 Celia A. Roady ’76 Stephen E. Roady ’76 Edgar J. Roberts, Jr. ’63 E. Norwood Robinson ’52 Frederick Robinson ’82 Pauline Gray Robinson Russell M. Robinson II ’56 Sally D. Robinson Keith A. Rogers ’04 Jennifer P. Rose ’81 Leo Rose III ’81 Ele Ross J. David Ross ’63 Susan C. Ross James S. Rowe ’91 Stuart H. Russell ’04 Mark William Ryan ’81 James A. Rydzel ’71 Mary Chandler Rydzel Adam G. Safwat ’94 Christopher A. Sajdera ’04 Hideyuki Sakai ’82 Dudley Saleeby ’69 John R. Sapp ’69 Richard L. Schmalbeck Nathan G. Schmidt ’03 Per Haakon Schmidt ’83 Daniel R. Schnur ’86 Deborah S. Schnur Sarah E. Schott ’00 Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving David Abba Schwarz ’88 Michael J. Schwartz ’82 Nancy Nell Scott ’01 Laura Segal & Associates, Inc. Angel C. Seufert Christopher P. Seufert ’01 Vincent L. Sgrosso ’62 John Sharkey ’87 Bryan E. Sharratt ’71 Dale R. Shaw Nancy Russell Shaw ’73 Robert J. Shenkin ’70 Susan W. Shenkin John A. Sherrill ’72 Steven R. Shoemate ’88 Jacqueline O. Shogan ’90 Jeffrey Shogan Beth B. Sholtz Fredericka S. Sholtz Michael C. Sholtz ’88 Barbara L. Sibley Kenneth D. Sibley ’85 Alexander Jackson Simmons, Jr. ’86 Alphonso Simon, Jr. ’04 Halcyon E. Skinner ’73 Amy Beth C. Slutkin ’91 Andrew G. Slutkin ’91 Jesse T. Smallwood ’04 † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Sheila B. Gerstein Robert R. Ghoorah ’97 Stanley Martin Gibson ’91 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP Thomas William Giegerich ’80 Seagrumn L. Gilbert ’04 Steven R. Gilford ’78 GKN Foundation Emily S. Glaze Richard Edward Glaze ’57 Reena N. Glazer ’94 James Anthony Gleason ’92 Ellen J. Gleberman Marc E. Golden ’88 L. Alan Goldsberry ’69 Jason Wells Goode ’00 Joyce N. Gordon Richard A. Gordon ’67 Croley W. Graham, Jr. ’77 Robert Toms Gray ’00 S. Ward Greene ’73 Harry L. Griffin, Jr. ’63 Robert J. Gronek ’78 Michael S. Guntersdorfer ’04 Thomas B. Hadzor Eric H. Halvorson ’76 Donald Ross Hamilton, Jr. Katherine M. Hamilton John D. Hamilton ’56 Robert T. Harper ’79 Susan F. Harper Robert E. Harrington ’87 Scott D. Harrington ’83 Sharon Carr Harrington ’89 Claibourne S. Harrison ’03 James K. Hasson, Jr. ’70 Clark C. Havighurst Karen W. Havighurst Harry J. Haynsworth IV ’64 Susan L. Heilbronner ’91 Frederick E. Henry III ’72 Jennifer Y. Henry ’97 Vallie J. Henry Jerry H. Herman ’79 Mark R. High ’79 Paul A. Hilstad ’69 L. Cecily Hines ’81 William A. Hirsch ’64 A. Everett Hoeg III ’72 Michael K. Hoffman ’89 Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. Holland & Knight Eric James Holshouser ’80 Lori Terens Holshouser ’80 Elizabeth Anne Holt ’00 Jay Roderick Hone ’77 Honeywell Merrill F. Hoopengardner ’04 Kimberly Hill Hoover ’83 Dawson Horn III ’83 Richard T. Hossfeld ’04 Daniel John Hostetler ’73 John A. Howell ’75 Regina D. Howell Harvey C. Hubbell Trust Richard D. Huff ’72 Randall L. Hughes ’68 Larry D. Irick ’82 Eric Alan Isaacson ’85 Hugh G. Isley, Jr. ’53

David B. Smith, Jr. James D. Smith ’86 Lori S. Smith ’84 Margaret Taylor Smith Randell Clark Smith Rodney A. Smolla ’78 Brian A. Snow ’66 Sarah Kathleen Solum ’98 Michael J. Sorrell ’94 Madison Stockton Spach, Jr. ’80 Spach & Associates, P.C. Patricia Ann Speth ’84 John Clay Spinrad ’83 Robert E. Spring ’77 Linda G. Steckley William H. Steinbrink ’67 Sonja Steptoe ’85 Thomas C. Stevens ’74 Kristen Larkin Stewart ’86 Caroline P. Stoel ’37 Thomas B. Stoel ’37 Nita L. Stormes ’79 Dayton K. Stout ’04 Sandra J. Strebel ’62 Donald R. Strickland ’84 Kathy Brooks Strickland Walter A. Stringfellow III ’71 Brian T. Sumner ’04 Marinos T. Svolos ’60 Sebastia L. Svolos Edward Patrick Swan, Jr. ’79 Edward N. Swanson ’55 Mark B. Sweet ’03 Jeffrey E. Tabak ’82 Marilyn D. Tabak Letty M. Tanchum ’73 Michael L. Tanchum ’72 Lovita T. Tandy ’96 David C. Tarshes ’81 Richard Eric Teller ’74 C. Brooke Temple III ’96 Juliann Tenney ’79 F. Roger Thaler ’63 Imogene H. Thaler Roger P. Thomasch ’67 Fred Thompson III ’79 Thompson & Knight Foundation Adrienne T. Tietz Paul H. Tietz ’75 Gerald B. Tjoflat ’57 Joel B. Toomey ’82 Diane Rowley Toop ’79 Richard Scott Toop ’80 Dalia Topelson ’04 Ernest C. Torres ’68 Rebecca L. Torrey ’90 Mariya S. Treisman ’00 Michael B. Treisman ’00 Josiah C. Trent Memorial Foundation Triangle Community Foundation Inc. Andrew T. Tripp ’04 H. Glenn Tucker ’80 Wendy W. Tucker Nwabundo Enuma Ume-Nwagbo ’02 Sue Ellen Utley ’70 † Deceased

Darrell R. Van Deusen ’85 Jeremy M. Veit ’00 Julie O. Veit ’00 Michael K. Vernier ’87 William Robert Vezina III ’81 Vezina, Lawrence & Piscitelli, P.A. Neil Vidmar Robert R. Vieth ’84 Richard H. Vincent ’65 Charles Donald Vogel ’79 Edward Walter Vogel III ’76 John D. Volk ’73 Patricia H. Wagner ’74 Kathryn Gray Ward ’80 Taylor D. Ward ’88 Thomas Hartwell Warren ’95 Sharon K. Wasserman ’81 Steven D. Wasserman ’79 Susan K. Weaver ’88 Peter D. Webster ’74 Ilene T. Weinreich ’93 Peter G. Weinstock ’85 Peter A. Weitzel Anne R. West William K. West, Jr. ’62 Gerald T. Wetherington ’63 Dennis E. Wieczorek ’77 Wiener and Garg, LLC Beth D. Wilkinson ’88 T. Scott Wilkinson ’88 Lewis T. Williams Mari Williams Mary Ellen C. Williams ’77 C. Bryan Wilson ’04 Alan D. Wingfield ’87 Emily O. Wingfield ’87 David Wisen ’88 John J. Witmeyer III ’71 David J. Wittenstein ’81 Lee L. Wittenstein Calder W. Womble ’47 Martha H. Womble Susan Elizabeth Wood ’02 Michele J. Woods ’90 C. Thomas Work ’77 Robert A. Wrzosek ’97 James Frank Wyatt III ’82 Yan Xuan ’87 Ellen C. Yates John C. Yates ’81 Jon Carl Yergler ’79 Clifford J. Zatz ’79 Jonathan Marc Zeitler ’93 Bradley T. Zimmer ’03 James B. Zimpritch ’73 Meredith Zinanni ’03

Samuel F. Mordecai Fellows $1,000 - $2,499 (graduates of five years or less are Fellows at $500 annually) Doug B. Abrams Margaret S. Abrams Abdul Rahman Al-Nafisah ’80 Adam H. Arkel ’02 Charles D. Axelrod ’66 Elisabeth J. Barek ’00 Robert P. Barnett ’48

Lynn Digby Baxter Timothy Andrew Baxter ’88 Adam J. Bedel ’05 Gregg S. Behr ’00 Robert Harrison Bell ’02 Alison Waugh Benge ’02 Demarron A. Berkley ’05 Lloyd D. Berkowitz Lorraine Shook Berkowitz ’82 Mark Lawrence Bieter ’01 Richard A. Bogue ’75 Nancy T. Bowen ’81 Andrea L. Bradford ’02 Jeffrey Dana Bradford ’02 Anthony H. Brett ’79 Joseph J. Brigati ’65 Brian C. Brook ’05 Donald B. Brooks ’68 Deborah D. Brown ’87 Gregory V. Brown ’95 B. Bernard Burns, Jr. ’73 Patsy L. Burns Randall A. Burrows ’80 Mark R. Busch ’95 Valerie Y. Busch ’94 Paige T. Button ’94 Timothy H. Button Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft Lisa M. Campoli ’02 ChevronTexaco Douglas D. Chunn Kyle Anne Citrynell ’80 Jonathan E. Claiborne ’81 Neil Peter Clain, Jr. ’80 Community Foundation of Western North Carolina Crape Myrtle Festival Donald B. Craven ’67 Crowder Construction Company Collin J. Cox ’01 Eugene M. Cummings William M. Curtis ’65 Davis Charitable Lead Trust Linwood L. Davis ’67 Timothy Joseph DeBaets ’75 Mark D. DeSantis ’86 Dewey Ballantine Robert Wallace Dickey III ’97 Derek R. Dillman ’05 John K. Dion Karen E. Dion Helen Irene Dooley ’95 Nora K. Doolin ’05 Steven R. Dottheim ’78 Dow, Lohnes and Albertson Jonathan L. Drake ’84 Raymond Craft Dryer ’74 Thomas E. Dunn ’92 M. Frances Durden ’85 John W. Edwards II ’74 Denise Marie Elmer ’81 Caroline E. Emerson ’85 Elizabeth Parker Engle ’46 Randall L. Erickson ’71 Joanne Ernteman Michael Fabian Fink ’75 Ellen K. Fishbein ’86 Willis H. Flick ’48

Lawrence S. Fox ’94 Laura Marie Franze ’79 Kristin J. Freeman ’05 Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. ’88 Bradley B. Furber ’90 Bradford F. Gay ’03 Curtis D. Genders ’67 Robert F. Gerkens ’71 Charna L. Gerstenhaber ’85 Anne P. B. Gilchrist Peter S. Gilchrist III ’65 Russell T. Goin ’01 James Garfield Good ’74 Michael William Gregory, Jr. ’90 Betsy L. Griffin C. Frank Griffin ’50 John G. Grimsley ’63 Charles L. Grizzle, Jr. ’87 Roy J. Grogan, Sr. ’50 Roy J. and Jeanne Grogan Family Foundation Grumbles Foundation Harold A. Haddon ’66 Michael Leo Hall ’80 Cameron S. Hamrick ’85 John M. Harmon ’69 Christopher R. Hart ’05 Michael Thomas Harvey ’84 Jerone C. Herring ’63 Marion L. Hicks, Jr. Eric L. Hiser ’89 John O. Hoos ’69 Mami Horigome ’04 Yoshinori Horigome ’04 William W. Horton ’85 Eve Noonberg Howard ’87 Jasper Alan Howard ’87 Jacqulynn Hugee ’93 Frank W. Hunger ’65 Hunton & Williams Jeffrey W. Hurt ’70 Jeffrey C. Imerman ’05 Michael S. Immordino ’86 Charles O. Ingraham ’68 William H. Johnson ’75 Johnson & Johnson Clayton W. Jones ’63 Elizabeth L. Jones Nora M. Jordan ’83 Alex R. Josephs ’40 Carlotta Satterfield Kale Thomas Swain Kale ’64 Stephen V. Kern ’81 Lawrence M. Kimbrough ’68 Margarite A. Kimmel Michael L. Kimmel ’00 John A. Koskinen Patricia Koskinen Albert Zoltan Kovacs ’02 Bradley A. Krouse ’90 Jeffrey R. Lapic ’70 David Aaron Leff ’88 James N. Leik ’80 Craig D. Leister ’74 Susan E. Leister Kevin Michael LeWinter ’87 Janna S. Lewis ’05 Xiaoming Li ’90 Siauw A. Ling

Deborah A. Lipman Peter Lipman Doris I. Lloyd Thomas R. Lloyd ’47 George Robert Loxton ’85 Linda A. Malone ’78 Mary Kathryn Mandeville ’88 Melissa K. Marler ’00 Richard T. Marquise ’48 Johan F. Mattsson ’01 McGuireWoods LLP Kathleen Mary Danchuk McKeithen R. Smith McKeithen James D. McLain ’03 Gregg R. Melinson ’89 Ioana A. Mihaltu ’01 Pressly M. Millen ’85 Siobhan O. Millen ’85 Michael Paul Mirande ’80 Jo Dare Mitchell Robert E. Mitchell ’61 Stephen C. Mixter ’86 Moore & Van Allen, PLLC David Welsh Morgan ’79 Kenneth C. Morton Myers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec Steven Naclerio ’71 Palle S. Nielsen ’04 Elizabeth D. Noble ’05 Norfolk Southern Foundation John W. Nurkin ’94 Andrew M. O’Malley ’78 Jeffrey L. Osterwise ’05 Michael C. O’Sullivan ’95 Thomas P. Owens, Jr. ’65 Joseph M. Parker, Jr. ’60 Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP James Russell Peacock III ’82 Lindsay R. Pennington ’05 Carolyn K. Penny Wade H. Penny, Jr. ’60 Wilson D. Perry ’69 Milly D. Peters ’51 Deborah Ann Phillips ’83 Steven D. Plissey ’84 Lisa Lee Poole ’88 Steven J. Pritchett ’05 Providian Financial Suzanne D. Reider ’05 William Keith Reidy ’85 W. Allen Reiser III ’83 Elizabeth M. Reza ’05 Thomas S. Richey ’75 Marguerite F. Riddick Judith Pye Robinson Mark J. Rosenberg ’89 Marnie J. Rosenberg Gregory James Ruffa ’88 Peter Glatz Rush ’85 Seth J. Safra ’01 Christopher A. Sales Michele Miller Sales ’78 Stuart Frederick Schaffer ’82 Marjorie Stripling Schultz ’80 Michelle R. Seltzer ’97 Mildred A. Shailer Philip S. Shailer ’65 Pamela K. Silverman ’81

Alumni Donors

by Class 1933

Estate of William J. Lowry Sidney W. Smith, Jr. *~ David K. Taylor, Jr. * Elaine Kupp Wick

William B. McGuire*

1950

1935

Arthur L. Alexander Bachman S. Brown, Jr. James G. Cate, Jr. Robert L. Clifford *~ Robert I. Cooper Arbor W. Gray C. Frank Griffin ^ Roy J. Grogan, Sr. ^ Thomas G. Hart Arthur Knute Knudsen, Jr. Kwan Hi Lim William R. Patterson * Hugh E. Reams William R. Winders ~

Lee S. McKeithen

1936 Harry Goldstein

1937 Harland F. Leathers H. Hale McCown Helen Lanier McCown Caroline P. Stoel *~ Thomas B. Stoel *~

1939 William F. Womble ^

1951

1942

Grace C. Boddie * Wood M. De Yoe Ned P. Everett J. Carlton Fleming * Edward A. Loeser * John Earl Marsh, Jr. Arnold B. McKinnon Milly D. Peters ^ Frederick D. Rosenberg Donald Mosure Stearns Robert L. Styers David Zwanetz

John B. Breckenridge Frederick Nelson

1952

1940 Margaret A. Harris Alex R. Josephs ^

1941 Aute L. Carr † Walter S. Lenox Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. *~ Norman L. Wherrett ~

1944 Melvin S. Taub *

1945 Frances F. Rufty *

1946 Elizabeth Parker Engle ^

1947 Jack LeRoy Bloom R. Cecil Boutwell, Jr. Thomas R. Lloyd ^ Henry A. McKinnon, Jr. Earle M. Rice Henry F. Sherrill Calder W. Womble *

1948 Robert P. Barnett ^ Max F. Ferree Willis H. Flick ^ William H. Gray Solomon Levine Richard T. Marquise ^ John M. Turner William Sidney Windes

1949 Nathaniel Beaman III~ Clifford Charles Benson Charles F. Blanchard~ Bueford G. Herbert Duncan W. Holt, Jr.

Robert Barber, Jr. James S. Byrd Charles A. Comer Fred Folger, Jr. Joe W. Gerstein * J. Bruce Gilman, Jr. Ray Graves Lee H. Henkel, Jr. ~ Wallace T. Marlowe E. Norwood Robinson *~ William J. Rokos, Jr. Peter B. Scuderi Thomas W. Seay, Jr. John Michael Speca Robert C. Taylor * W. A. Thornhill III ~

1953 Val C. Brooks * C. Lee Butler Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. *~ John B. Dawson, Jr. Hugh G. Isley, Jr. * L. Stacy Weaver, Jr.

1954 Paul Hardin III ~ William G. Kaelin Everett Leo Mast Robert L. McFadden *~ Charles E. Rushing James F. Young ^

1955 Hans Wolfgang Baade William G. Bell, Jr.

Trent C. Bowen William D. Branham John A. Carnahan ~ John F. Kuffner David Shapiro Theodore A. Snyder, Jr. Edward N. Swanson * Clarence W. Walker *~

1956 David H. Allard *~ Frederic E. Dorkin Robert L. Felts Francis M. Fletcher, Jr. John D. Hamilton, Jr. * E. Carter Harris, Jr. John D. Johnston, Jr. Paul F. Kortepeter Alfred R. Mays * Duncan O. McKee * John S. Neely, Jr. Russell M. Robinson II * Gary S. Stein Donald B. Strickland, Sr.

1957 Irwin L. Dickman Charles A. Dukes, Jr. * David A. Friedman * Richard Edward Glaze * G. William Hackett Elliott T. Halio Donald C. Knickerbocker Marvin M. Moore Herbert S. Savitt Gerald B. Tjoflat *

1958 Larry Ivan Bogart Robert L. Burrus, Jr. * D. Pierre G. Cameron, Jr. John F. Lowndes * Paul W. Markwood, Jr. Donald A. Pleasants Edward Ernest Rieck W. Donald Sparks Frederick A. Thayer III

1959 Leif C. Beck *~ Robert B. Berger ~ Davis W. Duke, Jr. * Robinson O. Everett * Robert Carnahan Hudson Estate of Tom Karas * John J. Lack David C. Newman Charles England Plunkett Egerton van den Berg Julian W. Walker, Jr. John H. Webster James E. Westbrook

1960 John Q. Beard * Robert B. Bell James E. Buck * Richard E. Cooley Herbert O. Davis * Rufus S. Hill, Jr.

Joel I. Keiler * William S. McLean Joseph M. Parker, Jr. ^ Wade H. Penny, Jr. ^ John R. Seltzer William R. Shebey Allen G. Siegel *~ Marinos T. Svolos * Maynard F. Swanson, Jr. ~ Newton C. Taylor Edward Thornhill III ^ Richard R. Weidman

1961 Robert F. Baker Thomas Chris Brissey Robert Norman Davies * Donald P. Dietrich * Erich Emery Everbach Joseph M. Griffin * William D. Grubbs Roger W. Jeppson Jeremy R. Johnson William Yates Manson Robert E. Mitchell ^ James E. Moore Walter F. Moossa Joseph Charles O’Rorke Llewelyn G. Pritchard * Frederick L. Rice Stanley A. Star * James W. Tarlton III Robert M. Walker L. Neil Williams, Jr. *~ David R. Willson

1962 John Hamilton Adams * C. Thomas Biggs * William H. Bradford, Jr. *~ Allen G. Burgoyne Gerald P. Johnston Johnie L. Joyce, Jr. James J. Kenny * Robert E. Lockhart David L. Maynard * David M. Merchant Richard W. Metz Thomas R. Nesbitt, Jr. Peter L. Roda Vincent L. Sgrosso *~ Phillip K. Sotel ~ Sandra J. Strebel * John M. Tudor Charles O. Verrill, Jr. *~ David Livingstone Ward, Jr. ^ William T. Watson William K. West, Jr. * Richard A. Wood, Jr. ^~

1963 Thomas L. Bass Allan D. Bray E. Lawrence Davis III Stuart E. Duncan II Mark B. Edwards Raymond A. Enstam John Boyd Gordon Harry L. Griffin, Jr. * John G. Grimsley ^

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Edgar Holland Sims, Jr. ’65 Robert C. Sink ’65 Charlotte M. Smith ’73 Michael M. Smith Michael Stephen Smith ’85 Kenneth M. Socha ’70 Ann M. Speer William Speer ’65 James E. Stephenson ’76 Shannon W. Stevenson ’02 Todd Scott Stevenson Richard Williams Stewart ’73 Grace Janine Stonerock Jeffrey Alan Stonerock ’84 Symantec Corporation Robert C. Taylor ’52 Teddy J. Taylor Edward P. Tewkesbury ’78 Thompson & Knight Edward Thornhill III ’60 Kimberly Till ’80 Triangle Intellectual Property Law Association Neil R. Tucker ’81 United Technologies Corporation Mark T. Uyeda ’95 Lodewijk D. Van Setten ’93 David L. Vaughan ’71 Wachovia Foundation Gerard J. Waldron ’90 Xianping Wang ’91 Warburg Pincus Foundation David Livingstone Ward, Jr. ’62 Robert S. Warwick ’69 Marion T. R. Watkins ’99 Seth Alain Watkins ’99 John R. Welch ’83 Mark Whittaker Whalen Julian E. Whitehurst ’82 Wiley, Rein & Fielding Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP Kathleen P. Wilson ’92 Larry D. Wilson Erna Womble William F. Womble ’39 William F. Womble, Jr. ’67 Richard A. Wood, Jr. ’62 Donald F. Woodcock ’66 Woodruff & Associates Carolyn J. Woodruff ’83 James F. Young ’54 Michael R. Young ’81 Danian Zhang ’89 Winston Zhao ’88

Harold Robert Hampson Jerone C. Herring ^ Clayton W. Jones ^ Glenn E. Ketner, Jr. * William J. Kinnamon, Jr. Henry C. Lauerman Frederic S. Le Clercq Daniel K. McAlister Alexander Ward McKeithen * Marvin D. Musselwhite, Jr. * Frank T. Read * Edward Scott Robe Edgar J. Roberts, Jr. * J. David Ross *~ F. Roger Thaler *~ Samuel J. Trueblood Michael R. Walsh * Gerald T. Wetherington *

1964 Thomas J. Andrews Theodore M. Armstrong William B. Armstrong Samuel P. Bell III Kenneth G. Biehn Jay Darwin Bond, Jr. Courtney B. Bourns Patrick Harvey Bowen William T. Buice III * John C. Carlyle * Lewis Clifford Craig Stephen G. Crawford * David Nesbit Edwards, Jr. John F. Flanigan W. Erwin Fuller, Jr. * Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. *~ David L. Grigg Harry J. Haynsworth IV * William A. Hirsch * Lindsey W. Ingram, Jr. Thomas Swain Kale ^ Arnold J. Kohn William A. Kyler John D. Leech * Charles W. Mertel * Robert K. Montgomery * Robert K. Payson * Walter W. Pyper, Jr. James P. Riley * David Robinson II Ted R. Todd David G. Warren

1965 David F. Addlestone Peter B. Archie *~ Robert Berner II Robert Angell Bogle, Jr. Joseph J. Brigati ^ Peter Ogden Brown Reginald Eugene Burleigh Charles G. Campbell Thomas C. Cartwright D. David Cohen Patrick C. Coughlan *~ William M. Curtis ^ Thomas A. Edmonds Paul Revere Ervin, Jr. * Donald B. Gardiner * Peter S. Gilchrist III ^~

Jeffrey P. Hughes * Frank W. Hunger ^ Thomas C. Kleinschmidt William H. Lear David L. Lougee Douglas F. MacPhail Emil C. Marquardt, Jr. Thomas P. Meehan * Donald M. Mewhort, Jr. ~ Jay Edward Moyer Gary T. Nelms Thomas P. Owens, Jr. ^ Gordon P. Peyton Robert S. Rankin, Jr. C. Nicholas Revelos * John J. Rufe ~ Philip S. Shailer ^ Edgar Holland Sims, Jr. ^ Robert C. Sink ^ Gibson L. Smith, Jr. S. Berne Smith G. William Speer ^ James C. Stokes, Jr. Carter H. Strickland Edan G. Unterman Richard H. Vincent *~ Joseph Warren III

1966 Andrew E. Adelson * Burton L. Albert William J. Alsentzer, Jr. Charles D. Axelrod ^ David B. Blanco ~ David W. Bloom Richard W. Buhrman * Robert D. Cabe John A. Cairns Judson W. Detrick Henry H. Fox ~ John Ganotis Harold A. Haddon ^ Anthony S. Harrington * William Graham Harriss L. Mifflin Hayes Andrew S. Hedden * Christopher J. Horsch Jonathan T. Howe * F. Sherwood Lewis Don Boyden Long, Jr. Michael F. Lynch James B. Maxwell * Ralph L. McCaughan *~ Jerry J. McCoy * Daniel M. McDonald * Peter J. Michel * Roy W. Moore III Thomas H. Morgan * Joel J. Morris David D. Noble * Sidney J. Nurkin * Carolyn M. Osteen Richard A. Palmer * T. Stephen Phillips Thomas B. Pitcher * Edward B. Robin Brian A. Snow * Robert W. Spangler K. Morgan Varner III * Douglas P. Wheeler

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society †Deceased

Dale A. Whitman Neil C. Williams III Donald F. Woodcock ^

1967 Richard G. Bacon * Lawrence K. Banks W. Christopher Barrier Daniel F. Bernard *~ John T. Berteau * Carl E. Bolch, Jr. * Robert E. Burton, Jr. Stephen M. Chiles * Roger M. Clark Norman G. Cooper * James B. Craven III Donald B. Craven ^ Linwood L. Davis ^ William A. Davis II Douglas A. Faulkner Joseph A. Fink Haley J. Fromholz * Curtis D. Genders ^ Richard A. Gordon * Thomas J. Gormley George G. Guthrie * Robert J. Hackett Thomas A. Jorgensen * Peter K. Lathrop Emmett B. Lewis III * Donald R. Lincoln * John A. Lockwood George R. Mahoney, Jr. * Antonio Mendes * David Meyers Paul S. Nathanson David W. Pancoast * F. Raine Remsburg Wayne A. Rich, Jr. * Robert W. Rieder William L. Riley Homer G. Sheffield, Jr. ~ Lanty L. Smith * William H. Steinbrink * Malcolm B. Street, Jr. Trawick H. Stubbs, Jr. John Craft Taylor Roger P. Thomasch * William F. Womble, Jr. ^ Dennis D. Yule

1968 C. Michael Abbott Bruce D. Alexander * Michael P. Angelini Carl F. Bianchi Brian H. Bibeau J. A. Bouknight, Jr. * Donald B. Brooks ^ John R. Brownell Paul B. Ford, Jr. * Stuart M. Foss * Robert C. Fox Robert K. Garro Gilbert L. Gates, Jr. Randall L. Hughes * Stuart N. Hutchison III Charles O. Ingraham ^ Lawrence M. Kimbrough ^ John D. Kirby

Rosemary Kittrell Walter O. Lambeth, Jr. Carl F. Lyon * Robert W. Maxwell II * Donald H. Messinger Martin J. Miller * Fred H. Moore Stephen H. Palmer William L. Patton * Stephen P. Pepe * David E. Prewitt Gordon S. Rather, Jr. Edward A. Reilly ~ James R. Safley *~ Henry E. Seibert IV Jerrold Shenkman James L. Smith III William R. Stewart James H. Toms Ernest C. Torres * Marlin M. Volz, Jr. Lynn E. Wagner William F. Wright

1969 Conrad J. Aiken James P. Alexander * Joseph R. Beatty Charles L. Becton * J. Sidney Boone, Jr. * John A. Canning, Jr. * George A. Costello Katherine M. Crowe James P. Davenport *~ Ronald E. DeVeau ~ Norman E. Donoghue II ~ James W. Dunlap Charles M. Firestone David E. Foscue Howard G. Godwin, Jr. * L. Alan Goldsberry * John M. Harmon ^ Robert M. Hart * Paul A. Hilstad * John O. Hoos ^ R. Randall Huff Jerry R. Jenkins Michael J. Kane David G. Klaber * Richard G. Laporte Joel M. Lasker * David D. Laufer * Edward R. Leydon Bruce W. Lilienthal Robert S. Luttrell James R. Moore * Graham C. Mullen Donald B. Myers, Jr. Alexander D. Newton Wilson D. Perry ^ David M. Powell Robert B. Pringle * Michael C. Russ * Dudley Saleeby, Jr. * John R. Sapp * Young M. Smith, Jr. R. Keith Stark Jefferson K. Streepey Wayne R. Vason Joseph L. Waldrep

Robert S. Warwick ^ Peter A. White Samuel T. Wyrick III

1970 Reunion Co-Chairs: Raymond Buck Ferguson William F. Stevens Stephen I. Ahlquist Howard J. Alpern ~ J.A. Baer III Terry R. Black Victor A. Cavanaugh * Jean C. Coker Eugene E. Derryberry Rodney L. Eshelman Raymond Buck Ferguson * James C. Frenzel * Maurice H. Hall, Jr. James K. Hasson, Jr. * Jeffrey W. Hurt ^ George R. Krouse, Jr. * Jeffrey R. Lapic ^ Albert H. Larson III James M. Martin Charles B. Neely, Jr. * Michael A. Pearlman * Robert J. Shenkin * Kenneth M. Socha ^ William F. Stevens * George L. Thompson Sue Ellen Utley *~

1971 Arthur A. Abplanalp, Jr. J. Ernest Baird Arthur W. Carlson W. Dayton Coles, Jr. Donald A. Daucher * Kenneth F. Dornbush Christine M. Durham * Randall L. Erickson ^ James R. Fox * Robert F. Gerkens ^ Richard S. Harwood Christopher N. Knight * Philip C. Larson * Randolph J. May * H. Todd Miller * Douglas B. Morton * Steven Naclerio ^ Henry J. Oechler, Jr. * Richard L. Osborne Jerry P. Peppers * Paul E. Prentiss ~ Gail Levin Richmond *~ Michael L. Richmond * James A. Rydzel * Robert L. Sader Bryan E. Sharratt * David L. Sigler Walter A. Stringfellow III * David L. Vaughan ^ Brian D. Vaughn W. Michael Warren, Jr. Barry J. Wendt John J. Witmeyer III * David B. Wuehrmann

Thomas J. Azar Thomas C. Barbour Thomas W. H. Barlow * William C. Basney Robert B. Breisblatt * Robert T. Brousseau * Joseph E. Claxton Bruce A. Davidson ~ John D. Englar * Ronald W. Frank * Andrew K. Gallagher William J. Gallwey III * Charles D. Ganz * Jeffrey P. Garton Paul A. Gottlieb C. Marcus Harris Frederick E. Henry III * Harry L. Hobgood A. Everett Hoeg III * Richard D. Huff * Samuel W. Johnson * Hiram Knott Glenn W. Letham * Paul C. Madden * Walter W. Manley II Martin P. Marta Daniel S. Mason * Ivan Matusek Charles R. McManis Joseph A. McManus, Jr. * Robert H. Michelson Amos T. Mills III Cary A. Moomjian, Jr. Ernst D. Mueller Eugene C. O’Leary Glen A. Payne * J. Wayne Pierce Jeffrey S. Portnoy ~ Richard W. Ragsdale Edward D. Reibman Ronald L. Reisner * Thomas H. Sear * John A. Sherrill * Karla W. Simon William H. Swan III Michael L. Tanchum * Thomas J. Triplett James W. Ummer *~ John R. Wester *

1973 Sarah H. Adams * Kenny Washington Armstrong Robin Thomas Baker Daniel T. Blue, Jr. * Dana G. Bradford II * Donald Hess Brobst Jackson B. Browning, Jr. * B. Bernard Burns, Jr. ^ John Richard Carney, Jr. Theodore E. Corvette, Jr. Robert Allen Dietz William Thomas Fahey II E. Cole FitzGerald III Mark Stephen Foster * Carl H. Fridy * Robert Alan Gambol Pamela Brooks Gann *

James David Garrison Dean Gibson Robert Thomas Gradoville S. Ward Greene * Larry George Haddy Lee Louis Hale C. Wells Hall III * Daniel John Hostetler * Malcolm D. Johnson Patrick Wayne Kelley Richard M. Kennedy Dennis L. Kennelly Eleanor D. Kinney *~ Paul R. Koepff * Lawrence J. Langer James E. Luebchow * Joseph W. Moyer David J. Naftzinger * Jeffrey Scott Nickloy Calvin R. Phelan ^ Michael H. Pope Roger A. Reed * Eugene A. Ritti Cheryl S. Rome Terry A. Romine James Charles Roscetti Nancy Russell Shaw * Leonard B. Simon * Halcyon E. Skinner * Charlotte M. Smith ^ Kenneth W. Starr * Michael Jerome Stewart Richard Williams Stewart ^ Letty M. Tanchum * Robert L. Titley Curtis A. Twiddy John D. Volk * James R. Warner, Jr. Michael E. Weddington Donald R. Williams ~ Paul E. Zimmer James B. Zimpritch *

1974 Alfred G. Adams, Jr. * Edna Ball Axelrod John Philip Bailly, Jr. Brenda B. Becton * William P. Bennett James Wilson Berry, Jr. * Charles Edward Binder William Pomeroy Borchert John M. Bremer * Colin Wegand Brown * David L. Buhrmann Evelyn O. Cannon Candace M. Carroll * Robert P. Cochran * Philip Gary Cohen Curtis L. Collier * James Clifton Drennan Raymond Craft Dryer ^~ John W. Edwards II ^ James Robert Eller, Jr. ~ Stephen Lawrence Elliott Stuart F. Feiner * Richard M. Freeman * Johnnie L. Gallemore, Jr. Howard B. Gelt James Garfield Good ^

Lawrence O. Gostin Donna C. Gregg * Robert Edgar Gregg * James C. Hardin, III Robert Forest Henderson George Lipman Henschel David Richard Hillier David Edward Horvath Eric A. Houghton Ronald Robert Janke Jerry W. Jernigan Mark D. Kaufman, Sr. Craig D. Leister ^ Edward John Lesniak Jay Jordon Levin * James J. Locher Donald John Logie, Jr. David William Lowden Patrick Henry Martin Edward A. McDermott, Jr. S. Lynn McLain * Thomas E. McLain *~ John Roberts Moffat R. Wade Norris Rory R. Olsen Stephen Lewis Parr David R. Poe * Gregory Vincent Powell William George Powell C. Richard Rayburn, Jr. * Russell Bachman Richards * William L. Rosenberg Irwin Neal Rubin John A. Sanders Ira Sandron Andrew Shaw Larry W. Shelton Thomas C. Stevens * Richard Eric Teller * Patricia H. Wagner * Peter D. Webster * Tommy Joe Williams Thomas W. Winland * Frances Anne Zwenig

1975 Reunion Co-Chairs: John A. Howell Francis H. Morrison III Margaret I. Adams Lawrence Harris Babich Jon Paul Bachelder Robert Andrew Baxter Gary K. Berman George F. Bihn III Richard Alan Bogue ^ Frederick Brown * Terry Walter Calderwood James H. Carll * Bruce Allen Christensen Mary Cousar Coxe Frank Johnstone Dana III Timothy Joseph DeBaets ^ George W. Dennis III Allyson K. Duncan * Michael Fabian Fink ^ James L. Fogle * Paul Jay Fukushima * Jean Mihelich Gerval Ronald H. Hoevet

John A. Howell * William H. Johnson ^ Gary G. Lynch * Hugh Ranald McDonald James W. Mertzlufft Mark A. Michael John R. Miller Glenn R. Moran Francis H. Morrison III * Ashmead P. Pipkin * Thomas Edwin Prior Danae Kay Prousis * Michael C. Quillen Clinton D. Richardson Thomas S. Richey ^ Lee Gene Schmudde Richard C. Siemer Michael W. Stajduhar Paul H. Tietz * William J. Trull, Jr. David M. Wiesenfeld

1976 Harris R. Anthony * Todd Hunter Bailey * Linna M. Barnes * John Cole Beeler * Peter Coleman Buck * John Arthur Busch * Denise Caffrey * Betsy Ida Carter Kenneth S. Coe, Jr. Dean M. Cordiano * Michael G. Culbreth Raymond J. Etcheverry * Yvonne Mims Evans Ralph B. Everett Gail W. Feagles * Prentiss Eric Feagles * Karen Louise Gearreald Daniel William Gepford Robert Andrew German John Bernard Gontrum Jack D. Griffeth Eric H. Halvorson * Eric Peter Hansen Kenneth Charles Hunt * Peter J. Kahn * Reeve Withrow Kelsey Margaret T. King James H. Kizziar, Jr. Mitchell Kolkin Constantine Hanna Kutteh James Andrew Lewis Thomas D. Magill * Kent L. Mann * Johnnie W. Mask, Jr. Robert Edward McCorry, Jr. John Thomas McFerrin Lewis Eugene Melahn Steven Dennis Murphy Miguel Agustine Orta Herbert Joseph O’Shields Karen B. Pancost * Michael Francis Perley David Bruce Post * Celia A. Roady * Stephen E. Roady * Aron Morris Schwartz Harry Joseph Smith

James E. Stephenson ^ Debra Jo Stuart Robert T. Tally J. Alexander Tanford Samuel E. Tucker Daniel Franklin Van Horn Edward Walter Vogel III * G. Gray Wilson

1977 Ronald Evan Barab Donald Haskell Beskind * Henry David Blinder Mark Bookman Peter Brian Bothel John M. Conley Jeffery Mason Cook Larry Edward Coploff Lea Courington * Timothy J. Curry Michael L. Eckerle * David M. Eisenberg * Charles I. Epstein Donald M. Etheridge, Jr. Harold I. Freilich * Marsha T. Gepford Raymond Hayes Goodmon III * Maxine P. Gordon Croley W. Graham, Jr. * Judith Lynn Harris John Michael Hartenstine Dennis Evins Hayes Edward T. Hinson, Jr. Jay Roderick Hone * Deborah J. Houghton Timothy Joseph Jacob Bruce Edward Johnson Kathryn G. Johnson William Bruce Johnson Lauren Evans Jones Michael David Jones Michael H. Kahn * D. Ward Kallstrom, Jr. * Carolyn Kuhl George Charles Leef Adele O. Levitt * Dana N. Levitt * Paul Vincent LiCalsi Susan Burnett Mansfield Craig Robert Mariger William A. Meaders, Jr. Timothy Elmer Meredith * Heloise C. Merrill * James L. Miraldi Christian J. Mixter * Albert Garver Moore, Jr. * David Eugene Morrison ~ Robert G. Moskowitz * Kenneth J. Nussbacher * Susan Freya Olive * J. D. Page * William H. Pauley III * Andrew J. Peck * David C. Pishko * Gary A. Poliner * Kathleen Pontone Charles L. Revelle III Stephen Clay Rhudy Paul Newton Riddle Neil Tobias Rimsky

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

1972

Ralph Vincent Seep Robert E. Spring * Rachel L. Steele Alan King Steinbrecher Michael H. Wald John L. Walker * Kim W. West * Dennis E. Wieczorek * Mary Ellen C. Williams * C. Thomas Work * John Edward Zamer

1978 Jaime Eduardo Aleman * William George Anlyan, Jr. Kenneth F. Antley Benita S. Baird Robert M. Blum Susan Brooks Phillip Carl Christensen David W. Clark Reginald J. Clark * Jana Banahan Cogburn Charles M. Condon Richard E. Connolly Kenneth Roy Davis * Rodney J. Dillman * Michael R. Dockterman * Steven R. Dottheim ^ Susan L. Edelheit * Mark A. Fishman * Steven R. Gilford * Barbara S. Gontrum Robert J. Gronek * Jonathan Matt Gross Ronald L. Harrop John Hasnas Michael P. Horan Richard Alan Horvitz * Marilyn H. Howard David W. Ichel *~ Edward P. Tewkesbury ^ Bruce Donald Jaques, Jr. Michael Jenkins Thomas E. Johnson Linda L. McCall Kangeter ~ Christopher K. Kay * Homer Michael Keller Leslie P. Klemperer Gregory Scott Lewis Jane Makela *~ Linda A. Malone ^ Alan Mansfield CoraLynn H. Marshall * Lawrence G. McMichael Arthur Madden Miller Todd H. Newman William A. Nickles III Richard G. Niess Michael John O’Connor Andrew M. O’Malley ^ Estate of James E. Padilla * Robert Bruce Parrish * David King Perdue Wendy C. Perdue Pamela A. Peters *~ Robert D. Phillips, Jr. * Susan G. Phillips * Chris A. Rallis * Peter David Rosenberg *

Michele Miller Sales ^ Christopher Glenn Sawyer Rodney A. Smolla * Sarah Holzsweig Steindel Robert David Stets Edward P. Tewkesbury^ Gregory S. Wetstone

Jean T. Adams *~ Bruce W. Baber * Louis Jay Barash * Alan R. Bender * Richard Dennis Blau Anthony H. Brett ^ Valerie T. Broadie *~ Roger Butler Calistro Lorynn A. Cone * Laura B. Di Giantonio * Carl W. Dufendach Alfred Luis Faustino Joel H. Feldman Carol M. Finke Richard Charles Finke Adrienne M. Fox Laura Marie Franze ^ Richard Mark Gergel Kevin P. Gilboy Richard Lee Grossman Robert T. Harper * Jerry H. Herman * Mark R. High * John Richard Holzgraefe * Margo E. Jackson * Thomas Joseph Leclair Michael B. Lichtenstein Amy W. Liss Denise L. Majette Gray McCalley, Jr. *~ Mark S. McCarty William Kent Moore David Welsh Morgan ^ Solveig Jan Overby John Andrew Pelehach Peter R. Pendergast L. Timothy Portwood Neil Philip Robertson James A. Sheriff Stephen Ban Spolar Barbara Ann Sprung Nita L. Stormes * Edward Patrick Swan, Jr. * Juliann Tenney * Fred Thompson III * Diane Rowley Toop * Brian Thomas Tucker Charles Donald Vogel * Steven D. Wasserman * J. William Widing III David Hilleary Wilder V. L. Woolston Jon Carl Yergler * Clifford J. Zatz *

Barbara D. Anderson Kim J. Barr Margreth Barrett Ellen J. Bickal * R. Lawrence Bonner * Daniel S. Bowling III * Julia Hampton Brasfield G. William Brown, Jr. * Randall A. Burrows ^ Blain B. Butner * Robert Allan Carson James M. Chadwick * Kyle Anne Citrynell ^ Neil Peter Clain, Jr. ^ Robert Raymond Cole John Lawrence Crocker James T. Crouse Dara Lyn DeHaven *~ David Dreifus J. Scott Dyer * Rose Allen Ellis Thomas William Giegerich * John Edward Glancy Michael Leo Hall ^ Bruce V. Hillowe James P. Holdcroft Michael John Holden Eric James Holshouser * Lori Terens Holshouser * T. Patrick Jenkins Diane B. Kaplan Karl W. Kindig Jeffrey P. King Justin Gregory Klimko Elizabeth F. Kuniholm * James N. Leik ^ Clifford B. Levine John W. Marin William B. Miller III Michael Paul Mirande ^ Andromeda Monroe Kirk H. Nakamura Carol Grant Opferman Paul J. Pantano, Jr. * Happy R. Perkins * Donald Lee Pilzer David E. Reeves Robert E. Rigler Fredric Alton Rollman Marjorie Stripling Schultz ^ Lisa Margaret Smith Madison Stockton Spach, Jr. * Kimberly Till ^ Richard Scott Toop * H. Glenn Tucker * Robert W. Turken Fred Anton Ungerman, Jr. Richard C. Van Nostrand Kathryn Gray Ward * Elizabeth M. Weaver William L. Webber James P. Wolf Sally Brenner Wolfish

1980

1981

Reunion Co-Chairs: Lori Terens Holshouser Eric James Holshouser Edwin Robert Acheson, Jr. * Abdul Rahman Al-Nafisah ^

David S. Addington Marshall S. Adler Thomas A. Belles * Nancy T. Bowen ^ Phillip W. Campbell

1979

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

Karen Estelle Carey Lauren F. Carlton Gregory John Cioffi Jonathan E. Claiborne ^ John J. Coleman III * Thomas E. Cone * Timothy J. Corrigan Ted B. Edwards Denise Marie Elmer ^ David Alan Fine Michael C. Flynn Linda Cox Fornaciari * Russell Howard Fox Carl R. Gold Abigail Teresa Reardon Gosnell * David Douglas Gustafson L. Cecily Hines * Jon Mark Jenkins Kenneth A. Jones Stephen V. Kern ^ Nancy H. Kerr Steven Robert Klein Robert B. Krakow * Jeffrey P. Libson * Michael Lee Lieberman Alan S. Madans Craig Benton Merkle * Paula Krahn Merkle * David H. Potel * Donald J. Rendall, Jr. Jennifer P. Rose * Leo Rose III * Mark William Ryan * Michele Miller Sales ^ James E. Schwartz Pamela K. Silverman ^ Alfred George Smith D. Charles Stohler David C. Tarshes * Linda Weinstein Tucker Neil R. Tucker ^ Robert Allen Useted Ralph Anthony Uttaro William Robert Vezina III * Michael Ward William Ellis Ward Barry Elias Warhit Sharon K. Wasserman * David J. Wittenstein * Cynthia Leigh Wittmer Peter G. Wright John C. Yates * Gregg Steven Yeutter Michael R. Young ^ Steven Mark Zeidman

1982 Clifford R. Adler * J. Bradford Anwyll * Wade Edward Ballard Stanley Park Barringer, Jr. James Edison Bauman * Gary L. Beaver Lorraine Shook Berkowitz ^ Glenn J. Carter Patricia A. Casey * David Barry Chenkin Dirk G. Christensen Terrence Patrick Collingsworth Lawrence S. Connor, IV

J. Michael Dalton * Michael Martin Darby Valerie R. Dinkins Stephen Melvin Dorvee Robert L. Dougherty * Ruth Harriet Dukelow P. Brooks Eason Morris Arthur Ellison Carol Brittain Ervin Barbara Sara Esbin Richard Wilson Evans Thomas M. Ewing Harry J. Finke IV * Richard Hugh Foster Sharon M. Fountain * Elizabeth Agnew Galloway Margaret Hayba Gonzales Charles Scott Greene Thomas Andrew Hale *~ Andrew S. Halio Ruth Cohen Hammer John L. Hardiman * James B. Hawkins Martha J. Hays * Reynolds Walker Holding Mitchell Alan Horwich Richard Louis Horwitz * Larry D. Irick * Neil John Jacob Michael Hugh Krimminger Donald C. Lampe * Thomas W. Logue Ann L. Majestic Margaret Delong Martin Douglas L. McCoy James Russell Peacock III ^ Susan Jean Platt Frederick Robinson * Elizabeth Roth Peter Alan Sachs Hideyuki Sakai * Sally Samuel Stuart Frederick Schaffer ^ Steven Alan Schneider Paul Josiah Schwab Michael J. Schwartz * Andrea Tracy Shandell Mark D. Shepard Sharon P. Sivertsen I. Scott Sokol ~ Thomas Lee Spinar Jeffrey E. Tabak * Joel B. Toomey * T. Richard Travis David Michael Underhill Julian E. Whitehurst ^ James Frank Wyatt III * Richard Craig Zeskind Lynette Remen Zinberg

1983 Dean W. Baker Coralyn Meredith Benhart Gary L. Benhart William A. Blancato David L. Blisk * Duane E. Brown * Mark Steven Calvert Jean G. Carter ~ David B. Chaffin *

1984 Michael F. Bartok Sol W. Bernstein Thomas J. Blackwell Jeffrey Drew Butt Margaret Carter Callahan * Leslie Wheeler Chervokas Ronald Louis Claveloux * Roger Mohr Cook Gardner Fabian Davis

Brian Lee Dobben Jonathan L. Drake ^ David Joseph Farrell, Jr. David Gerard Feher Maria J. Fincher * Joseph Davis Fincher Kurt W. Florian Jr. Duane M. Geck Michael Thomas Harvey ^ Mitchell I. Horowitz Barbara T. Ilsen Gary Adamson Jack Lauren W. Jones * Michael P. Kaelin Laura J. Kipnis Paul Allyn Kramer Kenneth J. Krebs * Scott David Livingston Christopher Wendel Loeb * Ellen G. London Jeffrey Lewis London Kirk Robert Macfarlane Lee Douglas Mackson Pope McCorkle III George C. McFarland Mark Harris Mirkin ~ Karen B. Mozenter Michael Jay Mozenter Steven Paul Natko * Gordon Matthew Orloff Stevan Joseph Pardo * Steven D. Plissey ^ Briget M. Polichene Margaret Jean Reinsch Cynthia Lynn Rerucha John F. Rigney * Robert P. Riordan * R. James Robbins, Jr. Nancy Lee Ebert Scott Richard Stanley Smith, Jr. Lori S. Smith * Patricia Ann Speth * Jeffrey Alan Stonerock ^ Donald R. Strickland * Rebecca E. Swenson Kathryn A. Underhill Virginia A. Utt ~ Peter G. Verniero Robert R. Vieth * Elizabeth B. Wright William Emerson Wright

1985 Reunion Co-Chairs: Christopher D. Mangum J. Porter Durham, Jr. Lauren W. Anderson Linda Ann Arnsbarger Amy McCabe Baker Robert B. Carroll Anna S. Chacko James S. Christie, Jr. John W. Connolly III * Mark O. Costley Tia Lynn Cottey * M. Frances Durden ^ William A. Edmundson Caroline E. Emerson ^ Brenda Hofman Feis William Wallace Ford III

Cassandra Small Franklin Charna L. Gerstenhaber ^ Thomas J. Gorman Cameron S. Hamrick ^ Lynn G. Hawkins William W. Horton ^ Eric Alan Isaacson * Gordon A. Kamisar Joel Kaufman Carolyn V. Kent David C. Kiernan J. Mitchell Lambros Marianne Owens La Rivee Gerald Anthony Lee David S. Liebschutz Elizabeth H. Liebschutz George Robert Loxton ^ Christopher D. Mangum * Neil Douglas McFeeley John J. Michels, Jr. *^ Pressly M. Millen ^ Siobhan O. Millen ^ David E. Mills William Douglas Morris * James Robert Moxley III Jeffrey D. Nakrin Jonathan Paul Nase Nathan E. Nason Marshall David Orson Alan B. Perper William Keith Reidy ^ Peter Glatz Rush ^ Elizabeth Y. Schiff * Andrew Lewis Shapiro Kenneth D. Sibley * Michael Stephen Smith ^ Sonja Steptoe * Charles Vuille Stewart Bellanne M. Toren David P. Tuttle Darrell R. Van Deusen * Paul R. Van Hook Peter G. Weinstock * Bea L. Witzleben

1986 Charles Edward Adams Paula Marie Anderson Martin David Avallone Catherine D. Barshay Clifford A. Barshay Antonio B. Braz * John D. Briggs, Jr. * Rachelle Bromberg Benjamin Andrew Brown Janine Brown * Kathleen Jean Byrnes Susan Bysiewicz Sally C. Carroll * Michael C. Castellon * Brent O.E. Clinkscale * Ellen S. Coffey Ronald T. Coleman, Jr. * Jane S. Converse Robert Talbott Danforth Mark D. DeSantis ^ Bharat Dube Brett D. Fallon George Wheeler Finkbohner Ellen K. Fishbein ^

Benjamin R. Foster Catherine Slawson Gim Christy M. Gudaitis Elizabeth A. J. Gustafson Mark Daryl Gustafson Lyndall Jay Huggler Michael S. Immordino ^ Peter Joseph Juran Michael D. Kaplowitz Christopher G. Kelly * Christopher Mark Kelly * Frederick Kennedy III Kermit Brian Kennedy M. Elise L. Kennedy Gordon F. Kingsley, Jr. Kelly J. Koelker Lisa Ann Krupicka Cristin C. Lambros Jeffrey T. Lawyer Stephen M. Lynch * Margaret Lauren McGill John Donald Methfessel, Jr. * Stephen C. Mixter ^ Francis Joseph Mootz III Matthew Talbot Murphy Robin Panovka * Thomas W. Peterson Mark D. Reeth *~ Robert Allen Scher Daniel R. Schnur * Caren A. Senter Douglas Lee Siegler Alexander Jackson Simmons, Jr. * James D. Smith * M. Dianne M. Soltis Kristen Larkin Stewart * Richard P. Virnig Richard H. Winters

1987 Amy Merrill Appelbaum David J. Berger Sara J. Biden Deborah D. Brown ^ Richard Ward Brown ToNola D. Brown-Bland Frank William Cureton Steven Jewett Davis Frank Edwin Derby James C. Dever III David Hamilton Donaldson Ross Carey Formell * James Alec Gelin Lawrence Jonathan Goode Charles L. Grizzle, Jr. ^ Susanne I. Haas * Robert E. Harrington * Amy F. Hecht Eve Noonberg Howard ^ Jasper Alan Howard ^ David Pascal Jones John Richard Keller Jeffrey T. Kern Gordon Stewart Kiesling Teresa B. Klinkner Kevin Michael LeWinter ^ Stephanie A. Lucie Cynthia B. Maddox * Robert L. Maddox, III *

Gary Edward Mason * J. Parker Mason Louis G. Massouras Robert Harrison Nagle Gregory E. Neppl Paul G. Nofer * Wendy Beth Oliver * Bart James Patterson Katherine S. Payne Christopher J. Petrini * Julie O. Petrini * Alice H. Prater * Harlan I. Prater IV * Lindsey A. Rader * Jane Emily Rindsberg Ellyn T. Roberts Richard S. Robie III Bruce L. Rogers * Joseph Paul Rosh Brian Lloyd Rubin A. Daniel Scheinman * Jonathan Shapiro John Sharkey * Karen W. Shelton Cecelia C. SmithSchoenwalder Laurel Ellen Solomon E. Blaine Stanley Sherri W. Tatum Penelope C. Trowbridge Michael K. Vernier * Diane V. White Lorraine L. Wilson Alan D. Wingfield Emily O. Wingfield Yan Xuan *

1988 Anonymous (1) Liisa L. Anselmi Erik O. Autor Timothy Andrew Baxter ^ Jeffrey Paul Bloch Jay B. Bryan Richard E. Byrne Douglas Robert Christensen Jonathan Michael Crotty Jody Kathaleen Debs Mark R. DiOrio * Ida P. Dorvee Margaret Ann Force David E. Friedman * Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. ^ Kodwo P. Ghartey-Tagoe Marc E. Golden * Kathleen M. Hamm * Lori H. Killinger Susan Elizabeth Kinsella Martha Schauer Klinker John H. Kongable David Aaron Leff ^ Josiah C.T. Lucas Mary Kathryn Mandeville ^ Karen M. Moran Robert J. Morris Robert J. Nagy * Theresa A. Newman * Philip Martin Nichols David Anderson Payne Mario A. Ponce *

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society †Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Angela Diane Davis Violet Diamant Lynn Rosenthal Fletcher * Robert Parker Fletcher * Seth Lee Forman ~ Benjamin Eagles Fountain III * Lawrence L. Friedman Robert W. Fuller III * Susan Bennett Green Rondi R. Grey Scott D. Harrington * Kate Sigman Hendricks Paul Anders Hilding Kimberly Hill Hoover * Dawson Horn III * Charles Wilson Hurst Deborah J. Hylton William D. Jones III Nora M. Jordan ^ Daniel Franklin Katz * Christopher Charles Kerr John R. Knight * Kenneth J. Kornblau Kenneth Wayne Kossoff Michael Allen Lampert Karl W. Leo * Gregory E. Lindley Dianne C. Magee Richard David Magee, Jr. Jennifer D’Arcy Maher * Michael Patrick Manning Julian D. McCarthy Stephen C. Peters * Michael T. Petrik *~ Marianne Philip * Deborah Ann Phillips ^ Marc P. Press James Geoffrey Prince C. Scott Rassler W. Allen Reiser III ^ Richard Franklin Riley, Jr. Mary Alice Robison Bruce Jay Ruzinsky Jeffrey S. Schloemer Per Haakon Schmidt * John Maison Schohl James Dale Smith Michael Lloyd Spafford John Clay Spinrad * Jeffrey D. Sternklar Laura Stuart Taylor Kathleen Ann Wechter John R. Welch ^ Jay Warren Williams Carolyn J. Woodruff ^ Susan M. Wyngaarden Rosemary Hsuen Yeoh Nancy L. Zisk Robert Louis Zisk

Lisa Lee Poole ^ Emily D. Quinn Gregory James Ruffa ^ Lisa Grogan Sams Michael Paul Scharf David Abba Schwarz * Steven R. Shoemate * Michael C. Sholtz * Howard Andrew Skaist Howard Scott Thompson James Walker IV Melissa P. Walker Taylor D. Ward * Susan K. Weaver * Jill A. Whitworth Beth D. Wilkinson * T. Scott Wilkinson * David Wisen * Winston Zhao ^ Robert Von W. Zipp

1989 Scott A. Arenare * John Stephen Barge Kathleen Barge Mary Dalton Baril Steven T. Breaux * Kimberly A. Brown Michael Brian Carroll Lisa M. Crotty Alfonso de Orbegoso * David Manning Driscoll Peter Andrew Evett Scott Alan Falk Craig B. Fields Kimiko T. Fields Deborah S. Flannery Michael L. Flynn Donna Elena Frosco Andrea B. Goldman Michael Grundei Jeffery S. Haff Sharon Carr Harrington * Eric L. Hiser ^ Michael K. Hoffman * Robert M. Howard Kevin Crow Kaplan Cynthia M. King * David M. Lieberman * Wendy Sartory Link * Gregg R. Melinson ^ Eric Keith Moser * Kenneth Alonzo Murphy Debra M. Parrish John E. Pelletier * Jeffrey Stevens Perlee Irene B. Ponce * Susan M. Prosnitz Rose Kriger Renberg Mark J. Rosenberg ^ Michael Anthony Ross Marsha A. Sajer Julie Anne Sandel Sabine Schmidt-Pischner * Stewart M. Scott III John R. Stark David Seth Starr Paul K. Sun, Jr. * James E. Tatum, Jr. Leora Tec Dominique N. Vandeperre Danian Zhang ^

1990

1991

Reunion Co-Chairs: Charles C. Lucas Anne Marie Towle John W. Alden, Jr. Darius K. Amjadi * Barbara A. Baccari Renee Elizabeth Becnel * Stefaan H. Callens Karen R. Cashion W. Scott Creasman David William Dabbs John Sabine DeGroote * Henry De La Garza Donald P. Dietrich II * Kristyn E. Dietrich * Lisa Anne Eichhorn * Michael D. Evers Jay Martin Fisher Peter R. Franklin Michael S. French Bradley B. Furber ^ Stephen J. Gilhooly Caroline B. Gottschalk * Joel J. Greenwald Michael William Gregory, Jr. ^ John R. Hairr III Thomas A. Hanusik Susan Schweinberg Jackson Lisa Combs Jern * Jonathon H. Kaplan * Daniel A. Kent Nicolas A. Killen Alfred L. Kossmann Amy Beth Kraham Bradley A. Krouse ^ Xiaoming Li ^ Charles C. Lucas III * Audrey LeVine Manicone Sally J. McDonald Michele A. Mobley Lucas Renato Nardini Donald M. Nielsen Charles Mark North Deanna T. Okun * Patricia Ryan O’Meara Mark A. Redmiles Martin Joseph Ricciardi Peter John Roberts Martin Schaefermeier Julie Ann Schejbal Julia Stephanie Shields Jacqueline O. Shogan * Michael Guido Silver Laura Lynn Smith Rhonda Joy Tobin Rebecca L. Torrey * Anne Marie T. Towle Robert A. Van Kirk Michele H. Vollmer Elizabeth Zirkle Waetzig Gerard J. Waldron ^ Debra M. Watton Michael J. Watton Joseph Camden Wilson IV Michele J. Woods * Muhua Yu Jonathan Zonis

Cynthia F. Adcock Juan F. Aleman * Samuel Craig Alexander Amanda E. Allen Thomas J. Biafore * Douglas L. Brooks Louis S. Citron David T. Cluxton Anne E. Connolly Colm F. Connolly John Mark Coulson Dawn F. Craig Charles Santo Detrizio Kari Engerson Dohn Spruell Driver, Jr. Jennifer M. Drogula Erica Lynn Edwards C. Barr Flinn Stanley Martin Gibson * Douglas R. Gooding Maurice O. Green David Allen Greene Kenneth A. Guckenberger Jennifer G. Hays Susan L. Heilbronner * Pamela Lohr Hendrix Aaron W. Kann Gregg Allen Landau Marcella Larsen Eric Neil Lieberman Trent William Ling * Angela Lykos Francisco David Olazabal Douglas S. Phillips Therence O. Pickett Darla L. Pomeroy Deana Kay Pruitt * Rita K. Purut Andrew Michael Ray Jeffrey Jack Rice Andrew Neil Rosenberg James S. Rowe * David S. Sager Amy Beth C. Slutkin * Andrew G. Slutkin * Carl L. Sollee E. Gary Spitko Juraj Strasser R. Vincent Taylor Joshua F. Thorpe Jason Frederick Trumpbour Xianping Wang ^

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

1992 Mary Margaret Arndtsen Ernest Edward Badway Daniel Scott Berman * Karen A. Bussel Berman * Landis Cox Best Jay S. Bilas John J. Bowers Laura L. Bradley * Hans J. Brasseler * Ann B. Bussel Jayne H. Chapman Kristin Ramsey Clyde * Thomas MacIver Clyde * Philip J. Combs

Kenneth Duncan Crowder Daniel John Dolcetti Christopher A. Donesa * Thomas E. Dunn ^ John K. Eason Carmela N Edmunds Kevin Edward Flynn Sandra J. Galvis Martina M. Garris-Bingham James Anthony Gleason * Mary Lynne Grigg B. Brett Heavner Douglas H. Hsiao Todd Michael Hughes Douglas H. Jackson N. Anthony Jeffries * Cynthia Groomes Katz Steven David Keirn Stefan A. Kenn Catherine M. Kirk Julia K. Kirkendall Robert E. Kohn Deborah R. Kurzweil Jonathan Gardner Lasley Troy Matthew Lovell Brendan F. Macaulay Leanne S. Macel Stanley Charles Macel IV Suzanne O’Hanlon Markle Omar Y. McNeill Janet Moore Sean Patrick Moylan John Douglas Nachmann John R. O’Connor Michael A. O’Hara * David Keith Park Scott McKee Pritchett Cliona Mary Robb Glenn R. Sarno * Mark David Scheinblum Scott Woodard Stevenson Andrea G. Taber Deirdre C. Thomas Edward H. Trent Paul S. Veidenheimer Geovette E. Washington C. Frank Whitaker III Paige Reese Whitaker Sheryl A. Wilbon Don R. Willett Kathleen P. Wilson ^

1993 Syed Nadeem Ahmad Mohammed Abdulrahman Al-Sheaibi * Jennifer Buchanan Machovec Philip Adam Cooper Jolynn C. Dellinger Kelly Capen Douglas Kira Elizabeth Druyan Fritz L. Duda Jr. * Lawrence Slade Eastwood, Jr. Bruce A. Elvin * Sara E. Emley Catherine Stanton Flanagan Amy Ruth Gillespie Eric J. Glover Katherine K. Hawkins Cynthia Ming-Wai Ho

Jacqulynn Hugee ^ Lynn Halpern Lederman David J. Lender Cosmas N. Lykos * Michael F. Newbold Mary Margaret Ogburn Craig Amos Pederson Lennaert J. Posch Frances H. Pratt Edward Minor Prince, Jr. Lee B. Rauch Roxane Frances Reardon * Todd M. Reed Edward Hutchinson Robbins, Jr. Charles Milton Shaffer Alexander Grant Simpson Daniel Earl Smith Richard D. Smith Timothy P. Smith Thomas R. Sparks David H. Steinberg Jim O. Stuckey II Joyce J. Sun Anne Louise Thompson Lodewijk D. Van Setten ^ Jay Garrett Volk Suzanne J. Wasiolek Ilene T. Weinreich * Keith E. Wexelblatt Howard Jay Young Jonathan Marc Zeitler * Darrell David Zurovec

1994 Susan L. Abbott Michael W. Balfe Allison R. Beakley Alana R. Black Amy Lynn Brown Valerie Y. Busch ^ Paige T. Button ^ Randall Lee Clark Brian McCracken Daucher Christopher Dean Dusseault * Anne L. Dollard * Theodore C. Edwards II Michael J. Elston Lawrence S. Fox ^ Robert Maurice Fulton Seth Evan Gardner * Paul R. Genender * Eileen King Gillis Reena N. Glazer * Randall David Grayson W. H. Johnson III David J. Kendall Jennifer V. Lange John R. Lange Jason G. New Jennifer M. New John W. Nurkin ^ Rosalind M. Parker Wesley R. Powell * Laurie Cooper Putthoff Elizabeth Hitchins Quigley * L. Matthew Quigley * Katherine D. Ringness Seth Laurence Rodner Adam G. Safwat * Kathy W. Schill

1995 Reunion Co-Chairs: Adrian E. Dollard Helen Irene Dooley Eric Lawrence Alexander Ana Cristina Arumi Jean De Forest Billyou Robert Lance Boldrey Gregory V. Brown ^ Kelly S. Browne Kenneth W. Bullock Mark R. Busch ^ John V. Coburn Jeffrey D. Collins James Walton Copeland Ronald A. Dabrowski James A. Davlin V Adrian E. Dollard * Helen Irene Dooley ^ Duane D. Draper Anne Marjorie Ellis Jason R. Erb Marc Eumann Maria M. Fleury de Halvorssen Matthew J. Gries Andres Halvorssen Villegas Kimberly A. Hendrix Jeannine C. Jacobson Justin D. Jacobson David Jon Levine Erika King Lietzan Michael Martin Lowe Rachel Kosmal McCart * Andrew Edward Miller Michael C. O’Sullivan ^ Richard J. Peltz Julie Hauschild Richardson Anne Wilhoit Sherley Frederick H. Sherley Scott Michael Tyler Mark T. Uyeda ^ Robert Clarence Vincent III Thomas Hartwell Warren * Frederick L. Williams, Jr. Brian Matthew Wyatt

1996 Michael James Bonella Robert C. Bowers Paul A. Brathwaite Harold H. Chen Loren Montgomery Clark Tara Ann Cope Jason D’Amico Amy Elizabeth Davis John I. Davis, Jr. Michelle M. Davis Claire Fried Drake David M. Elliott Keith S. Ernst Shannon Elizabeth Geihsler Janice L. Griffin Thomas Lawton Harper, Jr.

Reed J. Hollander Stacey L. C. Horan Steven Ryan Hunter Marcel I. Imery Amy C. Kunstling Lynn Ane Leubuscher Karen A. Magri Todd Elliott Mair Linda H. Martin Christopher B. McLaughlin Maurine Mills Murtagh * Sharon H. Patton Catherine Ricks Piwowarski Pamela Catherine Polacek Vijaya Lakshima Rangaswami Michael A. Samway Robert J. Sayre Robert G. Schaffer Scott Marshall Schiefelbein Brian J. Schoolman Lynn-Anne M. Schow Lovita T. Tandy * C. Brooke Temple III * Claire K. White Edward H. White Mary K. Newcomer Williams Christian Douglas Wright Eric Glen Zahnd

1997 Maggie H. AbuHaidar Francisco D. Almaguer Christopher M. Bass Christopher P. Beall Danielle G. Bowser David A. Buchsbaum Alan J. Chadd Kelly Claire Connelly Robert Wallace Dickey III ^ Teri Jeannine Dobbins John R. Donald David Ruben Esquivel Erin S. Gaddy Angelica T. Gallagher Arthur L. Gallagher Robert R. Ghoorah * Keith S. Hasson Jennifer Y. Henry * Jennifer Ann Jackson Cathleen Dick Kendall Matthew Harris Kirtland Anne E. Krouse Geoffrey R. Krouse Enrique Miguel Loncan Robert P. McCarthy Alissa A. Meade David Harris Morgenstern Patricia Taibo Northrop James R. Pomeranz Heather G. Regoli Nelson M. Reid Evan B. Rice Julie A. Russell Scott Eric Seewald Michelle R. Seltzer ^ Brett D. Spiegel Heather Marie Stack Elizabeth C. Stone Gillian W. Thackray Diane P. Tso

Rashad Wareh Jillion S. Weisberg Michael D. Weisberg Alan L. Whitehurst Robert A. Wrzosek *

1998 Geoffrey W. Adams Heather Bell Adams Satoshi Aratani David Warren Archey Melissa Igdaloff Attar Robert Kevin Bailey * Nicole J. Becton William M. Boyd Ellen Dunham Bryant Shawn Derek Bryant Robert A. Buchholz * Megan Lejeune Carlyle Julie P. Coleman Jonathan M. Cosco Mark Francis Daly * George B. Donnini Rebecca G. Donnini Fred Ebrahemi Robert Christopher Ekstrand Mark S. Filipini Jennifer Lynne Franklin * Emily B. Friedman Shannon P. Gallagher Eric Judson Gribbin Jeffrey Bauer Horton Seth Hillel Jaffe Christine P. James Carol A. Kelley Rachael Dianne Kent Amy Beth Kiesel Aaron M. Kitlowski Kerry Elizabeth Larsen Baekgyu Lee Lauralyn Beattie Lee Peter M. Lee LeeAnn Wheelis Lockridge Nicholas Andrew Marsh Valecia M. McDowell Zachary N. Noffsinger K. Alan Parry, Jr. Carlos Lavon Pauling Arden T.A. Phillips Anthony F. Prisco, Jr. James E.B. Sanders Edward O. Sassower Kenneth R. Schwartz Sharad K. Sharma Ting-Ting Shi Sarah Kathleen Solum * Patricia Tilley Song * Alexandra Ann Tsiros Benjamin Earl Fossum Waller Alison H. Wallis Darren C. Wallis Jonathan Joseph Walsh Peggy Y. Wang C. Talley Wells, Jr. Sarah E. Winslow Ryan Christopher Wirtz Myla B. Young Lisa M. Zana Kevin Zolot Miranda M. Zolot

1999 Stephen A. Ahrens Scott H. Allan, Jr. David K. Bowsher* Christian L. Broadbent Gwendolyn Cochran Brooks Leslie P. Carnegie * Susan K. Chasnov Michael J. Chiaravalloti Theresa M. Claffey * Shannon Leonard Clark Leonard Milton Cole Timothy A. Dadson Dean Davidov Laura B. L. Davidov David Alan Dixon Pascal C. Duclos David W. Dummer Gary Edward Eisenberg David P. Eldersveld Krista Marie Enns Tamara D. Free Christopher M. Golden Jonathan David Gonce Felicia Gross G. Christopher Holland Abigail D. Kahl Wendy E. Kamenshine Alan L. MacCracken III Amy B. Monahan Kali N. Murray James H. O’Doherty Jennifer Ann Paisner Matthew D. Pipes Kirk D. Rasmussen Lisa L. Reichmann Julie M. Riewe * Jennifer M. Rogers Paul G. Rozelle Susan D. Rozelle Valerie S. Sanders Suzanne Van Houten Sauter Hollee Schwartz Temple M. Justin Shoemake John L. Simpkins Jennifer L. Sullivan Morgen Anne Sullivan Pamela D. Thacker Jeffrey Hines Tignor Amy Elizabeth Vieta Marion T. R. Watkins ^ Seth Alain Watkins ^ Jeffrey B. Welty Charles J. Wichmann Anne Therese Wynne Way-Wen Yang *

2000 Reunion Co-Chairs: Michael L. Kimmel Sarah E. Schott Elisabeth J. Barek ^ Gregg S. Behr ^ Carrie Marie Bordewick William Flint Boyer Christine E. M. Bromberg Nicole Rai Clement Kevin M. Cuddy Jill Felice Dash Christine M. DeMott *

Jose Ignacio Diaz Elizabeth E. Doscher * Duncan B. Douglass Chunyan Fan Frederic David Fenton Matthew A. Fischer Jacqueline Elise Goldberg Jason Wells Goode * Robert Toms Gray * Felipe Guzman Rencoret Christopher L. Hale Brian Michael Harris Michael R. Heath Elizabeth Anne Holt * Laura M. Kelley Michael L. Kimmel ^ Brian D. King * Wolfgang Lehning Adam G. Linett Jennifer N. Locke M. Farley Collins Lucke Patrick M. Manseau Antionette J. Marbray Melissa K. Marler ^ John T. McBroom Frances Turner Mock Alison K. Morello Amber Lynn Morrell Dustin B. Rawlin * Andy P. Roberts Sarah E. Schott * Eric B. Schupper Jeremy Todd Steele Mariya S. Treisman * Michael B. Treisman * Jeremy M. Veit * Julie O. Veit * Alice J. Walker L. Neal Wheeler Christopher A. Ziebarth

2001 Kamla G. Alexander Sandra Good Alley Leigh A. Bacon Mark Lawrence Bieter ^ Kelly S. Black-Holmes Daniel Terry Blue III * Paul E. Booth Kristi Lynn Bowman Rodney D. Bullard Collin J. Cox ^ Alexander C. Dale Amberly Lynn M. Donath Tabor J. Dorsey Samantha J. Ekstrand Russell T. Goin ^ Neal A. Gordon William A. Haddad Adam S. Hoffman Michael J. Hostetler Michael C. Hughes Shymeka L. Hunter Kevin R. Jones John N. Kandara Melanie L. Katsur Robert W. Kaufman Kasel E. Knight Oliver Tsung Wen Lee * Sarah W. Leung

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Cathleen Marie Shrader Lisa T. Simpson Michael J. Sorrell * Bruce Richard Spicer Martha Wach Matthew Ernest Watson

Johan F. Mattsson ^ Ioana A. Mihaltu ^ Tracey A. Moriarty Michael G. Mosier Adam D. Munson Justin R. Popp Christopher D. Rae Meggan L. Rawlin * Mary S. Richardson Matthew J. Rupp Sarah H. Rupp Seth J. Safra ^ Antony L. Sanacory Jana M. Scharf Nancy Nell Scott * Christopher P. Seufert * James Anthony Silver Joshua L. Stayn Courtney A. Tippy Melissa C. Trousdale Yuann-Yi Tsai Clay Matthew West Bradford Dickerson Whitehurst Nicole K. Wilson Tzi-Sheng Wu

2002 Adam H. Arkel ^ Kimberly Ann Bart Heather M. Bell Robert Harrison Bell ^ Alison Waugh Benge ^ Andrea L. Bradford ^ Jeffrey Dana Bradford ^ Lisa M. Campoli ^ Glen E. Caplan Andrew Lu-Young Chang Christine R. Chobot Jennifer Rose Cotner Charles Davant Matthew T. Davidson Erin F. DeCarlo Adam J. Di Vincenzo Drew David Dropkin Christopher Michael Evans Daniel Joseph Foster Alyson F. Gannon Leonard Montreal Garside John Franklin Garvish Darin Jeffrey Glasser Maria C. Granier Andrew Edward Grimmig Eric Roger Grouse Kenneth Rhyne Harris Marcella Ann Harshbarger David Emmett Hawkins Carie Little Hersh Rolfe Ian Hubley Robert Aloysius Hyde Ian Jinkerson Suesie Kang Kate Jordan Kelley Denali A. Kemppel Christy E. Kiely David Kim Mark Watkins Kinghorn Albert Zoltan Kovacs ^ Jesse James Edward Linebaugh Adam Robert Long

Thomas M. McDermott Meg McKnight Steven Joshua Mesnick Edward N. Moss Thomas Bernabe Mulhern Oliver Oosterbaan Hope E. Perry Octavia N. Powers Mark Deeds Rambler Alison M. Rhoten Augusta Morgan Ridley Katherine Ellen Saitas David Alexander Shuford Mary Beth Steele Shannon W. Stevenson ^ Heather Lindsay Stewart Jennifer Louise Tomsen Nwabundo Enuma Ume-Nwagbo * Susan Elizabeth Wood *

2003 Suzanne M. Alford Stephan Bauer Jason W. Bliss Dhamian A. Blue Matthew J. Bonness Shivaun A. Cooney Christine S. Cox Colin R. Crossman Alexander J. Davie Kimberly L. Edwards Paul R. Ervin III Rachael Grad Bradford F. Gay ^ Claibourne S. Harrison * James B. Insco Elizabeth M. Israel Joel L. Israel Matthew D. Kane David R. Kaplan Juliet J. Karastelev * Jonathan E. Kellner Leon Kelly Angela M. Kinghorn Tobias M. Leder Stuart D. Louie * Darren E. Malhame Jenifer J. Marsh Marna A. McDermott James D. McLain ^ Kendra A. Montgomery-Blinn Sean M. O’Neil Daniel J. O’Neill Christopher S. Perry Kelly A. Perry * M. Catherine Peshkin * Amy A. Pines Jontille F. Ray Jennifer L. Rosen Nathan G. Schmidt * Lewis W. Schlossberg Stephen T. Smith Allison H. Stiles Mark B. Sweet * Kelly M. Townsend Jason S. Veloso Caroline E. Wainright Heather M. Ward Edward T. Werner

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

Karin H. Werner Aaron T. Wolfson Fan Yu Jing Zhang Dana C. Ziker Bradley T. Zimmer * Meredith Zinanni *

2004 Anonymous (2) Karen K. Ahrens Marco A. Alencar Allison A. Ames Kristine M. Andreassen * Trever K. Asam * Marika R. Athens Caroline N. Belk Sarah E. Bell * Brian R. Berman * Jennifer A. Berman * Philip J. Bezanson * Deidre D. Blocker Linda M. Boyd Tamala T. Boyd * Courtney R. Brewer Krista M. Brookhart Frank I. Chao Sohini Chatterjee * Donald E. Childress III Graham J. Chynoweth * Randall H. Cook Evan M. Cramer Joseph W. Creech Justin T. Curley * Sarah V. Dadush * Sarah H. Davis * Shefaali K. Desai Jeremy C. Entwisle * Nita Farahany * Amir R. Farokhi Christopher P. Fazekas * Thomas B. Franca Shalisha C. Francis Vanessa R. Franco John D. Fred * Robert J. Gallagher, Jr. * Seagrumn L. Gilbert * Michael L. Greenwald Michael S. Guntersdorfer * Meaghan P. Hannan Merrill F. Hoopengardner * Mami Horigome ^ Yoshinori Horigome ^ Richard T. Hossfeld * Jerome Jotterand Stefanie I. Kandzia * Sebastian Kielmanovich Joong W. Kim Blake A. Klein * Kimberly A. Klimczuk Michael T. Koenig Jonathan S. Krause Timothy K. Kuhner Federico C. Lander Leif-Eric Langguth Luke A. Lantta Corey A. Lee Kristoffer B. Leftwich Justin C. Letts Andrea Lima-Alencar

Donal A. Luna * Artemis H. Malekpour Jill R. Martin Rebecca S. Matthews Robert A. Mays * Neill G. McBryde, Jr. Montaye S. McGee Reginald B. McKnight Michael E. Meyer Christopher S. Mills Dawn E. Murphy-Johnson Phillip W. Nelson * Palle S. Nielsen ^ Sarah J. North Katelin R. Oakley Ashley M. Oland Jae W. Park, Jr. Mayur R. Patel Abigail J. Politzer Timothy M. Pomarole Emily J. Ratte Peter A. Reaves Juliana C. Richards * Walter K. Robinson Keith A. Rogers * Stuart H. Russell * Christopher A. Sajdera * Andrew J. Schrage Alphonso Simon, Jr. * Jesse T. Smallwood * Peter M. Smith Shannon L. Smith Mitchell D. Sprengelmeyer Dayton K. Stout * Sarah D. Stumpf Emily K. Su Brian T. Sumner * Jonathan A. Sutter Shannon K. Swallows Kirsten J. Taylor Dalia Topelson * Samuel E. Toth Andrew T. Tripp * Terry T. Tucker E. Cynthia Uduebor Minodora D. Vancea Willem H. Verschuur Laura M. Walker Gregory C. Walsh Jamiah K. Waterman Christopher B. Weld Erinn A. White C. Bryan Wilson * Kellen B. Zale Carrie A. Zimpritch

2005 Class Gift Campaign Co-Chairs: Brandon S. Long Kelsey M. Weir Ujin Ahn * Donald G. Ainscow Ron M. Aizen Suzana S. Albano Gyorgy Bacsa J. Christopher Baird Dessa J. Baker Adam J. Bedel ^ Demarron A. Berkley ^

Felipe Blanco Matthew S. Block Wyatt E. Bloomfield Jessica A. Bohrer Stephanie N. Bradford Brian C. Brook ^ Phakawat Chanyasuthiwong Scott C. Chase Andrea D. Cherng Alexa Z. Chew Eric K. Chiu Matthew T. Christensen Kyung Hoon Chun Sarah E. Citrin J. Reed Clay, Jr. Natalie C. Clayton Noah A. Clements Jenny A. Cook Leslie K. Cooley Susannah B. Cox John Curry * Florence Danis Nicholeen S. DePersis Derek R. Dillman ^ Nora K. Doolin ^ Matthew L. Durham Scott M. Edson David J. Eklund Bestin R. Ennacheril Christopher E. Farmer Dena Fayad Thomas E. Felsberg Samantha A. Ferris Samuel A. Forehand Shannon E. Frank Kristen J. Freeman ^ Christopher J. Fregiato Kimberly C. French Dylan M. Fuge Taisuke Fukunaga Melissa A. Ganz * Grant W. Garber Megan K. Gaudette Jason L. Gelman Richard H. Griffin Maximilian M. Haag Nathan B. Hagerman Takehisa Hamada Leigh M. Harlan Daniel R. Harpole Christopher R. Hart ^ Stacy J. Hauf Andrew A. Hecht Dolores W. Herman Daniel G. Hick Kylie Inman Holladay Heather M. Howard Jeffrey C. Imerman ^ Akiko Ishihara Cory R. Kampfer Noriyasu Kaneko Amy H. Kearbey Timothy A. Key Ruth K. Khalsa Yon Mi Kim Mangyo Kinoshita Hisato Kitazawa Yelizaveta Klimova-Troxler Ute Klose Zachary S. Klughaupt

Anna R. Smith Kerri M. Smith Katherine P. Soby Carolin E. Spiegel Johanna R. Stein Alicia P. Swingle ^ Norio Tachi James D. Thayer David L. Tkach Julian R. Vasquez Hongjing Wang Li-wei Wang Hayley S. Weimer Kelsey M. Weir Wesley S. White Brittany P. Whitesell Lindsey L. Wiersma Alexander Wojtek Biao Xing Daniel X. Xu Kenji Yamanami Grant C. Yang Ingrid Yang Jingsong Zhang Lan Zhang

2006 Anonymous (1) Amanda S. Lacoff Matthew N. Leerberg * Donald J. Macbean Wyley S. Proctor

Friends of Duke Law School Anonymous (8) 3M Foundation Doug B. Abrams ^ Lynn G. Abrams Margaret S. Abrams ^ Zoila Abreu Acuity Brands Inc. Thomas R. Adams * Virginia B. Adelson * Debra S. Adler ADP Foundation * Advisory Publications * Agilent Technologies Aidswalk Air Products Foundation Akzo Nobel Inc. Melinda L. Albert Christine N. Alexander * Jeanne B. Alexander * Carolyn Z. Alford Allen & Overy LLP * George A. Allsopp Mary E. Allsopp Alouette Old Orchard Beach Resort Inc. American International Group, Inc. * American University * Elizabeth Anderson James Anderson William B. Anderson Andrews Kurth LLP Linda V. L. Anthony * Aon Risk Services * Mariko Aratani

Carol R. Armstrong Ellen T. Armstrong ARS National Practice Groups * The Atlantic Philanthropies * Ron Igdaloff Attar Charles S. Atwater, Sr. Ayco Charitable Foundation * Patricia C. Ayres * Anne Adams Baade Mary Reynolds Babcock Foundation * Cynthia G. Baber * Susan P. Bachelder Ann K. Bailey * Barbara Baker Cynthia Lee Baker * Paul Baldasare, Jr. Tom Baldasare Alison K. Baldwin Bank of America * Bank of America Corporation * Bank of America Foundation * Bank of New York Karen D. Barbour Bob Barker * John Alexander Bartlett Patricia A. Bartlett Katharine T. Bartlett * Lynn Digby Baxter ^ Duncan M. Beale * Sara Sun Beale * Bear Stearns & Company * Claudia C. Beard * Jane M. Beatty Jane Fisher Beaver Bechtel Foundation Pamela J. Beeler * Gregg S. Behr * Faith Bell Trust * James R. Bell III Victoria Smith Bell BellSouth Corporation * Lynda G. Bender Joyce S. Bender * Jeremiah Benge Stuart Benjamin Lynda L. Benson Mina Berger Lloyd D. Berkowitz ^ Beth J. Berman Katherine G. Berman Dale S. Bernard *~ Maureen Berry Bessemer Trust Company, N.A. * Better World Fund Janie Bezanson * Thomas E. Bezanson * Estate of Anita W. Bidlake * Mary G. Biggs * Wendy Johnson Bilas Sandra Biloon Bernard M. Blanchard Blanchard Fund Neilia L. Bliss Edna Earle Blue * Fredric Blum Tracy L. Blum Needham J. Boddie II * Boeing Company

Betsy M. Bogle Nancy J. Bolinger Brian W. Bolster * Marsha Bookman Julia A. Borbely-Brown BOS Foundation * Boston Foundation Polaroid Fund Kristen Eastwood Bowers Elizabeth G. Bowling * Jack B. Boyd Lisa Brachman David F. Bradley * Branch Banking & Trust Co. * Sonya T. Brathwaite Hope E. Breeze Marjorie L. Breisblatt * Patricia Breuninger Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation * Matthew F. Bromberg Jean C. Brooks Nancy S. Brown Katharine B. Buchanan *~ Phillip H. Buchanan *~ Jessica Buchsbaum Cynthia Jones Buck * Buhrman & Associates, P.C. * Judith Buhrman * Stuart Upchurch Buice * Linda M. Bullock John F. Burness Patsy L. Burns ^ Timothy H. Button ^ Jennifer Byrne Julie M. Cabe Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft ^ Susan A. Calderwood Rosemary Anne Calvert Canning Foundation * Charles A. Cannon Trust #3 * Bessie M. Carrington * Paul D. Carrington * David C. Carroll * Jean M. Cary David Stanley Cecelski Cecile H. Chadwick * Laurel R. Chadwick * Chalfont Foundation Inc. * Sing W. Chang Erwin Chemerinsky ChevronTexaco ^ Deborah Chiles * Kyoungjin Choi * Deborah C. Christie George C. Christie Douglas D. Chunn ^ Danielle M. Citron Charles M. Clark, Jr. * Dylan Clark Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton * Charles T. Clotfelter * The Coca-Cola Company Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. * Coca-Cola Foundation * Robert & Suzanne Cochran Family Foundation * Suzanne H. Cochran *

Susan H. Cole Cynthia Lynn Coleman J. Edward Coleman Virginia Combs * Communities Foundation of Texas Community Foundation for Greater Atlanta Inc. * Community Foundation of Greater Greensboro Inc. * Community Foundation of Greater Memphis Community Foundation of Western North Carolina ^ Emily Y. Condon The Connecticut Law Book Company Suzanne Cook Gretchen Cooley Jacqueline M. Cooper Karen B. Cooper Louise Sullivan Cooper Martha D. Cooper Michael S. Cooper Elizabeth S. Copeland Valerie B. Cordiano * Corn Products International Margaret V. S. Costley Joyce M. Coughlan * Covington & Burling * Donald R. Cox, Jr. James D. Cox * Linda H. Craig Michael B. Craig Crape Myrtle Festival ^ Cravath, Swaine & Moore Sara Harris Craven Marie L. Crawford * Crouse Law Offices, PLLC Crowder Construction Company ^ John K. Crowe CSX Corporation * Eugene M. Cummings ^ Tom Daniel Richard A. Danner * Nancy G. Davenport * Elizabeth Heefner Davis Thomas Fletcher Davis Davis Charitable Lead Trust ^ Francis M. Days Christine W. Dean Robert C. DeCarlo Anne C. DeJohn Mary K. Delaney Hampton Y. Dellinger Del Monte Corporation Deloitte Foundation Delta Air Lines Foundation Deborah A. DeMott * Joanne B. Derryberry Dewey Ballantine ^ Carol B. Dickman Diane Dimond John K. Dion ^ Karen E. Dion ^ Walt Disney Company Foundation Karen Elisabeth Dixon Dominion Foundation

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society †Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Samuel S. Kwak Kristin M. Leavy Kyunghoon Lee Thomas G. Lenne * Michael T. Levin Janna S. Lewis ^ Andrea Lima-Alencar Chia Y. Lin Chih-Chieh Lin Fang Liu Jun Liu Michael A. Lodzinski Jennifer A. Lohr Brandon S. Long Christopher R. Machera A. Rebecca Early Marques Takayuki Maruyama Amy M. Mason Taku Matsumoto Thomas B. McCudden Lei Mei Claire L. Merrin David S. Moncure Kara M. Moorcroft Kathleen P. Moore Brian D. Murry Robert F. Muth Peter G. Naismith Louis David Nefouse Chad T. Nicholson Michael E. Nissim Wenjie Niu Elizabeth D. Noble ^ Rohan Oberoi * Yemi P. Oladeinde Jeffrey L. Osterwise ^ Lindsay R. Pennington ^ Kimberly M. Perdue Margot M. Pfohl Jennifer L. Plappert Pietro Pouche Steven J. Pritchett ^ Angela J. Rafoth Charles R. Rayburn III Jeremy B. Reckmeyer Suzanne D. Reider ^ Pamela L. Reyburn Elizabeth M. Reza ^ Keri A. Richardson * Allison H. Ridder * Jason S. Rimes Nicolas Robeson Meredith G. Robinson Ian M. Ross Janey O. Rountree Caroline H. Ryan Bastiaan A. Ryckaert Nobuki Sanagawa Mauricio Sanders Huerta Jennifer R. Schaum Michael T. Schwaiger Yukie Seii Ryota Sekine Howard I. Sherman Steven D. Shogren Adam M. Shulman Trent S. Shuping Mark R. Sigmon Victoria Simonova Sayam Siwarapornskul

Robert W. Donath Kelly Elise Dooley Dow, Lohnes and Albertson ^ Anne C. Drennan Duda Family Foundation * Fritz L. Duda, Sr. * James F. Duda * The Duke Endowment * Duke Energy Foundation * Rebecca W. Dukes * Nancy R. Dunson George Homer Durham II * Durham Merchants Association Charitable Foundation * Dykema Gossett PLLC Catherine G. Eades Mark E. Easley Eastern Area Health Education Center, Inc. Patricia B. Eastwood Ecolab Foundation Martha L. Edmonds Ann Edmundson Elizabeth Eife-Johnson Rebecca B. Elvin * Energen Corporation Elizabeth Y. Enstam Joanne Ernteman ^ Katharine H. Ervin * Rodney L. Eshelman Katherine D. Esquivel Dalby Chandler Etheridge Evada Foundation Ltd. * Michael D. Evans Kathrine Robinson Everett Charitable Testamentary Trust * ExxonMobil Foundation * Faegre & Benson Foundation Henry L. Falls Henry L. Falls III Victor Farah Farmers Insurance Group, Inc. Randi Feiner * David S. Feinman Mary A. Ferguson * Wanda T. Ferraro FGIC Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund * Fidelity Foundation * First Data Western Union Foundation Barbara Fish Peter G. Fish Jill I. Fishman * Catherine L. Fisk Bonnie S. Fleming * Noemi Flores Estate of Marion G. Follin * Andrew H. Foster Foundation for the Carolinas * Ann Marie O. Fred * Freddie Mac Foundation Eric Martin Free Michael Freemark Maureen E. Frey Jean Louderback Fridy * Marilyn Nelson Friedman * Melinda M. Friedman *

Ingrid G. Froneberger Thomas M. Froneberger Frost Brown Todd LLC Paul Jay Fukushima Nancy S. Fuller * Carol Gallione Jill M. Gardner * June B. Garrison Linda G. Garro Marita C. Gates General Electric Company * Ellen W. Gerber Belinda Bundy Friedman Gergel Sheila B. Gerstein * Sarah Elizabeth Gibson Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP * Anne P. B. Gilchrist ^ Mark Gillis Roxie B. Gilman GKN Foundation * Emily S. Glaze * Ellen J. Gleberman * Sandra S. Glover Mary Ann McDonough Godwin * Jeffrey B. Golden * Rita P. Golden * Goldman Sachs & Company * Milton Hugh Gonzales, Jr. Ann R. Goode Susan S. Goodmon * Nisha Gopal David N. Gordon Joyce N. Gordon * Nannette W. Gorman Linda A. Gottlieb Sara T. Graves Carolyn F. Gray Stephanie B. Green Betsy L. Griffin ^ Priscilla G. Griffin * Roy J. and Jeanne Grogan Family Foundation ^ Eunice H. Grossman Herman Grossman Janet Benson Grossman Grumbles Foundation ^ James V. Gudaitis Guilford College Thomas B. Hadzor *~ Jane T. Hahn * John S. Hahn * Robert George Haile III Donald Ross Hamilton, Jr. * Katherine M. Hamilton * Mary Elaine Hammond Michael J. Hannon Laura Catherine Hanson Ellen O. Hanusik Donna L. Hardiman * Barbara Hardin Helen A. Harper Susan F. Harper * Cathleen R. Harris Janet Harris Reginald Shawn Harris Sally T. Harris Patricia A. E. Harriss Donna May B. Harrop

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society †Deceased

Kathryn D. Hart Lucy H. Harwood Elizabeth S. Hasson Clark C. Havighurst Karen W. Havighurst Charles T. Hawkins Lark Hayes Janse C. Haywood Kenneth A. Haywood Joan Harding Hazelton Willie Gordon Hendricks Barbara D. Henkel ~ Vallie J. Henry * Tony Henson Steven J. Heyman Beverly B. Hicks Marion L. Hicks, Jr. ^ William F. Highberger Hillsdale Fund, Inc. * Anna Ho * Jon T. Hoffman Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. * Sara M. Holdcroft Harriet T. Holderness * Holland & Knight * Thomas Michael Holmes Jean H. Holt Jack Holtzman Honeywell * Andrew J. Hoopengardner Donald L. Horowitz Judith A. Horowitz Richard & Marcy Horvitz Foundation * Sherry B. Horwich Rebecca B. Houghton Regina D. Howell * Harvey C. Hubbell Trust * Robin E. Hudson Bettysue Cameron Hughes * Mark Hulsey Penny Hunt Hunton & Williams ^ IBM Corporation Kevin Ilsen Alice Acton Ingram Intel Foundation IOLTA Board of Trustees * David L. James Jaques Law Offices Janis Fisher Jenkins Linda C. Jenkins John Jensen Susan N. Jernigan Sandra Leigh Johnson Velma H. Johnson * Johnson & Johnson ^ David H. Jolly Elizabeth L. Jones ^ Jon Stephen Jones Terrie Carol Jones Whittier Ann Turner Jordan * Robert W. Jordan * Margaret H. Jorgensen * JP Morgan Chase Foundation * JustGive * Justus Law Offices Nathan Warner Kahl Carlotta Satterfield Kale ^ Lawrence Jeffrey Kaplan

Samuel L. Katz Edward E. Kaufman * Lynne M. Kaufman * Peggy G. Kaufman Kristine K. Kay * Kirk W. Keever Mary Eskridge Keiler * Lizanne Kelley Christine K. Kelly * Christi H. Kenn Nannerl O. Keohane * Robert Keohane * Mary C. Kilbourn * Lee M. Killinger Kim & Chang * Margarite A. Kimmel ^ King & Spalding * Joseph E. Kinsella, Jr. Ann Pfohl Kirby * Kirkland & Ellis Marilyn Kneller-Rimsky Adam Knight Emily Turner Knight * Christie K. Knudsen Lynn A. Koenig Inna Kogan Christine Kohls-Heavner Marion Duncan Kortepeter John A. Koskinen ^ Patricia Koskinen ^ Jacqueline M. Krebs * Kresge Foundation * Kromann Reumert * Susan N. Krouse * Kuniholm Law Firm Teresa C. Kutteh La Macchia Family Foundation * Hoang Van Lam Patricia D. Larson * Louise Lasker * Elizabeth Hilton Lasley LCS & Partners Law Firm * Seung W. Lee Lehman Brothers Inc. Susan E. Leister ^ Rosanne Levine Shirley P. Levine Constance Brown Lewis Ogden Lewis * Christian A. Libson * Eli Lilly & Company Foundation Mary J. Lincoln * Siauw A. Ling ^ Kostas Liopiros Deborah A. Lipman ^ Peter Lipman ^ Richard Lischer Tracy K. Lischer Doris I. Lloyd ^ Charlotte H. Locher Barbara H. Lockhart London Drugs Foundation * Marianna Marshall Long Michelle Love Paul Luebke Donna Buonanno Luttrell Andrea K. Lybecker Martin E. Lybecker Kelli-Anne Lykos *

Maryann Lyon * Janice F. Madden * David Mainella Henry W. Majestic Geoffrey Manicone Carolyn L. Mann Marathon Oil Company Foundation * Robin G. Marin Carol S. Marquardt Marsh & McLennan Companies Inc. * Vickie Winn Martin Lora Fassett Mason Mathis-Pfohl Foundation * Richard C. Maxwell * Laurie E. May * Frederick W. Mayer Mayer Brown Rowe & Maw LLP * MBNA Mary Jo McCalley *~ Susan B. McCaughan *~ Keith A. McCausland * Wendy J. McCorkle Margaret A. McCormick * Michael D. McCormick * Alexander P. McCoy Steven Jagger McDonald Edward R. McGee Francis E. McGovern, II Jennifer Mary McGovern Katy V. McGovern McGraw-Hill Companies * McGraw-Hill Foundation McGuireWoods LLP ^ Mary L. McKee * Kathleen Mary Danchuk McKeithen ^ R. Smith McKeithen ^ Celeste P. McLain * Gail Singletary McLean Mary E. McLees-Lane Brenda S. Merchant Merrill Lynch * Nancy Metzloff * Thomas B. Metzloff * Martha M. Mewhort Pearl Meyer & Partners, Inc. * Robert J. Meyer Ralf C. Michaels * Michelson Law Office Microsoft Corporation Edmund D. Milam, Jr. Martha N. Milam Elaine Pouletson Miller * John R. Miller June L. Miller * Susan B. Miller Brenda C. Mills Eve R. Mills Alice N. Mine William Kenneth Miner Elizabeth S. Mirkin Jo Dare Mitchell ^ Liam Murphy Monahan Margaret T. Moore Moore & Van Allen, PLLC ^ Celeste M. Moran Carol Preston Morgan *

Pfizer Inc. * Elizabeth O’Shea Pfohl * James M. Pfohl * Marjorie A. Pipkin * Mary Jane Brown Pishko * Lori E. Pistor PJM Interconnection PNC Bank Foundation Andrew E. Poh Ildiko Poliner * Susan P. Posey H. Jefferson Powell Margaret McElroy Powell Jo Ann Prentiss Linda R. Press PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP * Procter & Gamble Fund * Professional Education Systems Inc. Proskauer Rose LLP Providian Financial ^ PUA & Associates * Cemil M. Purut Leonard V. Quigley * Lynn Quigley * Mary James Moore Quillen David Lawrence Rabiner Donna Shapiro Rabiner Linda K. Ragsdale Arti K. Rai The Rallis Richner Foundation, Inc. * R. Dennis Rasor * Karen R. Rassler Yvonne M. Rayburn * Mark J. Regoli Sandra S. Rendall William A. Reppy, Jr. * R.J. Reynolds Foundation * Marian N. Rice Melanie B. Richards * Frances Wilmer Richardson Richemont International SA * Melissa G. Richey Marguerite F. Riddick ^~ Karen W. Rigney * Margaret V. W. Riley Patricia M. Riley Arthur Anthony Ringness Carolyn Pritchard Riordan * Jennifer G. Roberts Horace B. Robertson, Jr. Patricia L. Robertson Wendy A. Robineau * Judith Pye Robinson ^ Pauline Gray Robinson * Sally D. Robinson * Samuel E. Robison, Jr. Louise T. Rogers-Sumner Martha W. Rohder Rachel L. Rosen Jayne L. Rosenberg * Marnie J. Rosenberg ^ Rosenberg, Minc, Falkoff & Wolff LLP * Ele Ross *~ Susan C. Ross *~ Thomas D. Rowe, Jr. * Lao Elisea Rubert Linda Ruzinsky

Mary Chandler Rydzel * Edward Saag Sader & Lemaire P.A. Christopher A. Sales ^ Salisbury Community Foundation * Zully C. Sandron Sara Lee Corporation Sara Lee Foundation Heather D. Sasinowska Maciek Sasinowski SBC Foundation Trina E. Scharf Anita Scheinblum Zoe Scheinman * Schering-Plough Foundation Stephen Matthew Schewel James Andrew Schiff * Robert C. & Adele R. Schiff Foundation * Mark Irvin Schill William Tilghman Schlough Richard L. Schmalbeck * Mariann Schmudde * Deborah S. Schnur * The Scholarship Foundation Yonit A. Schoolman Christopher H. Schroeder * Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving * Amy Schwartz Loretta E. Scuderi J.C. Seacrest Trust Laura Segal & Associates, Inc. * Henry E. Seibert IV Yukie Seii Sandra L. Self Sempra Energy Sharon McClanahan Setzer Angel C. Seufert * Karen C. Shaffer Mildred A. Shailer ^ Dale R. Shaw * Susan W. Shenkin * Shearman & Sterling * Patricia H. Shebey Harriet Shenkman Shepard Broad Foundation * Lauren G. Sheriff Dennis J. Shields Cynia B. Shimm ~ Melvin G. Shimm ~ Jeffrey Shogan * Beth B. Sholtz * Fredericka S. Sholtz * Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP Barbara L. Sibley * Sidley Austin Brown & Wood Rochelle R. Siegel * Gloria R. Silber Pam Silberman Simpson Thacher & Bartlett, LLP * Skadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom * Anne Slifkin Amanda Smith David B. Smith, Jr. * Iris A. Smith

Jeanne G. Smith Lisa Smith Margaret Chandler Smith * Margaret Taylor Smith * Mary Gray Smith *~ Michael M. Smith ^ R. Jeffrey Smith Randell Clark Smith * Smith Anderson Blount Dorsett Mitchell & Jernigan Snell & Wilmer Eric I. Song * Spach & Associates, P.C. * Ann M. Speer ^ SpencerStuart * Beth Wallen Spicer Spore, Inc. E. Carol Spruill Star Family Foundation * State Farm Companies Foundation Linda G. Steckley * Gillian Steel * Robert K. Steel Family Foundation * Robert King Steel * Albert F. Stevenson * Lynn W. Stevenson * Todd Scott Stevenson ^ Corinne D. Stewart * Lindsay D. Stewart * Sandra Paine Stewart Brian Stone, Jr. Grace Janine Stonerock ^ Amy Strasnick Stephen J. Strasnick Kathy Brooks Strickland * Gabriela Stukenborg Sullivan & Cromwell Phyllis Supple Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP * Sebastia L. Svolos * Symantec Corporation ^ Syngenta Marilyn D. Tabak * Jeffrey Everett Taber Norio Tachi Teddy J. Taylor ^ Teachers Insurance & Annuity Association * Textron Inc. Imogene Hill Thaler * Mark A. Thomas Terri F. Thompson Thompson & Knight ^ Thompson & Knight Foundation * Adrienne T. Tietz * Time Warner Inc. Marie E. Tjoflat Brent A. Townsend Toys “R” Us Children’s Fund, Inc.* Josiah C. Trent Memorial Foundation * Triangle Community Foundation Inc. * Triangle Intellectual Property Law Association ^

Triangle United Way Ana M. Triliouris George Triliouris Kelly K. Trumpbour Stanley Tso Wendy W. Tucker * Ann C. Tunstall Lisa Wood Tuttle Twiggs, Beskind, Strickland & Rabenau PA LynnErin M. Tyler UBS Janet Sue Ummer *~ Laura S. Underkuffler Unilever United States Foundation Inc. United Technologies Corporation ^ United Way of Delaware Inc. * United Way of Rhode Island Steven W. Unruhe Lolly Useted Sandra C. Vanghagen Chilton D. Varner * Barbara B. Vaughn Constance Elizabeth Vaught * Vezina, Lawrence & Piscitelli, P.A. * Neil Vidmar * Jane Dees Vogel Wachovia Corporation * Wachovia Foundation ^ Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Foundation * Jacqueline O. Wald Ann Heath Walker * Carrie E. Waller Warburg Pincus Foundation ^ Elizabeth Lee Ward William E. Ward, P.A. Kay Cline Warren The Washington Post Company Carolyn C. Weaver Richard S. Weavil Laurie S. Webber Richard R. Weidman Mr. and Mrs. Louis Weinstock, Jr. Peter A. Weitzel * Wendy Kathleen Welch Laura Magistro Wells Wells Fargo Foundation Anne R. West * Elizabeth Kay Westbrook Jane R. Wettach Mark Whittaker Whalen ^ Evelyn Wherrett ~ Jessica Few Whitehurst Mary J. Widing Wiener and Garg, LLC * Wiley, Rein & Fielding ^ Catherine Wilfert-Katz Anne D. Williams Laura J. Williams ~ Lewis T. Williams * Mari Williams * Muriel F. Williams Sue S. Williams * David R. Willson

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

B. Wistar Morris, III Sally M. Morrison * Morrison & Foerster Foundation Nathan Gibson Morrow Kenneth C. Morton ^ Amy M. Moss * Robert P. Mosteller Barbara F. Musselwhite * Myers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec ^ National Business Institute Mr. and Mrs. Gregory S. Nefouse Harriet Gould Nesbitt New York Stock Exchange Foundation * Amy Sears Nichols M. Jackson Nichols NIKE, Inc. * Philip Ninan Donald E. & Alice M. Noble Foundation, Inc. * Norfolk Southern Foundation ^ North Carolina State Bar Board of Continuing Legal Education * North East Baptist Church Northern Trust Company Northwestern Mutual Life Foundation * Novartis US Foundation Loretta Nussbacher * Kathleen C. O’Connor Margaret O’Donnell Mary N. P. Oglesby Bernard Robert Okun * Mary A. O’Meara O’Melveny & Myers LLP David E. Oney James M. O’Reilly Margaret K. Orson Carol C. Osborne Robert T. Osteen Jennifer W. Owen Owen Cheatham Foundation James E. Padilla Trust * Laurel D. Palmer * Carol S. Pancoast * David W. Pancost * Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein LLP Alexander Wells Parrish Passage Home Inc. Sam P. Patterson Bruce M. Patton Paul, Hastings, Janofsky & Walker LLP ^ Corie D. Pauling Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison Lynn H. Peacock Ann Gerald Pearlman * Jeffrey J. Peck * Peek Cobb Edwards & Ashton * Marilyn T. Pelehach Carolyn K. Penny ^ Sue E. Peppers* Karen Perry Calvin R. Peters * Pfizer Foundation

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale & Dorr LLP ^ Jill K. Wilson Larry D. Wilson ^ Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich & Rosati * Tyla Winland * Winston & Strawn LLP * Winston-Salem Foundation * Kerri L. Wirtz Lee L. Wittenstein * Erna Womble ^ Martha H. Womble * Woodruff & Associates ^ C.T. Woods-Powell Carol Wrenn Lizabeth Taylor Wright Shu-Ling Yang Ellen C. Yates * Young M. Smith, Jr. Yum! Brands Foundation Inc. Fengquan Zhou Herbert J. Zimmer * Ronna T. Zimmer * Frederika L. Zipp

The Heritage Society Duke University’s Heritage Society honors graduates and friends who have made provisions for Duke in their will, trust, retirement plan, or through another type of “planned gift.” The following list includes members of the Duke Law School community who have informed us that they have generously included Duke University or Duke Law School in their long-term plans. If you would like more information about the Heritage Society, please contact Katharine B. Buchanan, Director of Development, 919-613-7217, Buchanan@law.duke.edu.

Jean T. Adams ’79 David H. Allard ’56 Howard J. Alpern ’70 Bruce H. Anderson ’66 William G. Anlyan Peter B. Archie ’65 Nathaniel Beaman III ’49 Robert H. Beber ’57 Joan C. Beber Leif C. Beck ’59 Robert B. Berger ’59 Dale S. Bernard Daniel F. Bernard ’67 Charles F. Blanchard ’49 David B. Blanco ’66 William H. Bradford, Jr. ’62 Valerie T. Broadie ’79 Katharine B. Buchanan Phillip H. Buchanan William B. Bundschu ’56 B. Richard Burdman ’56 John A. Carnahan ’55 Jean G. Carter ’83 Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. ’53 Robert L. Clifford ’50 Patrick C. Coughlan ’65 James P. Davenport ’69 Bruce A. Davidson ’72 Roger L. Decker ’63 Dara Lyn DeHaven ’80 Ronald E. DeVeau ’69 Norman E. Donoghue II ’69 Raymond Craft Dryer ’74 James Robert Eller, Jr. ’74 James J. Faris ’66 John A. Forlines III ’82 Seth Lee Forman ’83

* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased

Henry H. Fox ’66 Robert H. Fryer ’64 Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. ’64 R. Menese Gardner ’48 Peter S. Gilchrist III ’65 Thomas W. Graves, Jr. ’65 Thomas B. Hadzor Thomas Andrew Hale ’82 Vincent T. Hall ’56 David W. Hardee ’72 Paul Hardin III ’54 Walton Hardin ’51 Jack D. Hawkins ’44 Lorraine Boyce Hawkins ’48 Michael Richard Hemmerich ’85 Barbara D. Henkel Lee H. Henkel, Jr. ’52 John M. Hines ’65 David W. Ichel ’78 William S. Jacobs ’73 Julian C. Juergensmeyer ’63 Linda L. McCall Kangeter ’78 Brenda C. Kinney ’70 Eleanor D. Kinney ’73 Michael E. Kusturiss ’49 James F. Latham ’42 Mary Howell Friday Leadbetter ’82 Robert B. Lloyd, Jr. ’50 David M. Lockwood ’84 Cym H. Lowell ’72 Marion P. Lowry Jane Makela ’78 George W. Martin ’51 Edward E. Marx ’51 Davia Odell Mazur ’85 Gray McCalley, Jr. ’79 Mary Jo McCalley Ralph L. McCaughan ’66 Susan McCaughan Linda H. McCown ’88 Robert L. McFadden ’54 Charles McKay McGee, Jr. ’37 Thomas E. McLain ’74 J. Thomas Menaker ’63 Donald M. Mewhort, Jr. ’65 Mark Harris Mirkin ’84 David Eugene Morrison ’77 Ted O. Neuenschwander ’72 James L. Newsom ’37 Robert C. Oshiro ’53 Carolyn S. Parlato ’73 Marvin E. Perlis ’51 Pamela A. Peters ’78 Michael T. Petrik ’83 Susan Petrik Calvin A. Pope ’58 T. William Porter III ’66 Jeffrey S. Portnoy ’72

Gregory G. Prasher ’72 Paul E. Prentiss ’71 David A. Quattlebaum III ’61 James C. Ray ’73 Mark D. Reeth ’86 Edward A. Reilly ’68 Gail Levin Richmond ’71 Marguerite F. Riddick E. Norwood Robinson ’52 Daniel Garron Rogers ’84 Ele Ross J. David Ross ’63 Susan C. Ross John J. Rufe ’65 James R. Safley ’68 Roy C. Sampley ’52 Charles F. Sampsel ’68 Julian D. Sanger ’45 Vincent L. Sgrosso ’62 Homer G. Sheffield, Jr. ’67 Cynia B. Shimm Melvin G. Shimm Allen G. Siegel ’60 Jeroll R. Silverberg ’46 Nathan R. Skipper, Jr. ’62 Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. ’41 Mary Gray Smith Sidney W. Smith, Jr. ’49 Richard A. Snodgrass ’66 I. Scott Sokol ’82 Ronald William Sondee ’59 Phillip K. Sotel ’62 Carl J. Stewart, Jr. ’61 Robert E. Stipe ’53 Caroline P. Stoel ’37 Thomas B. Stoel ’37 Maynard F. Swanson, Jr. ’60 F. Roger Thaler ’63 W. A. Thornhill III ’52 Mildred H. Thompson W. Ferber Tracy ’67 James W. Ummer ’72 Janet Sue Ummer Sue Ellen Utley ’70 Virginia A. Utt ’84 Charles O. Verrill, Jr. ’62 Richard H. Vincent ’65 Edward A. Vrooman ’64 Clarence W. Walker ’55 E. Bruce Wetzel ’64 Norman L. Wherrett ’41 Evelyn Wherrett Donald R. Williams ’73 Laura J. Williams L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61 William R. Winders ’50 Gaylord A. Wood, Jr. ’62 Richard A. Wood, Jr. ’62 Kenneth F. Wooten, Jr. ’47 Charles H. Young ’38