The Carolina Cattle Connection - Volume 38, Issue No. 2 (FEBRUARY 2024)

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arolina attle onnection

FEBRUARY 2024 • Vol. 38, Issue No. 2

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ONNECTION 2023 South Carolina Sale Barn Cattle Receipts ....................................................... page 66 A Message from the CEO — Thank You!, by Colin Woodall ................................... page 46 Alltech News ................................................................................................................... page 32 American Angus Association News ........................................................................... page 26 American Brahman Breeders Association News .................................................... page 45 Animal Agriculture Alliance News ............................................................................ page 42 Ashley’s Beef Corner — Cha-Cha-Changes, by Ashley W. Herring ........................ page 14 Beef Cuts and Recommended Cooking Methods ................................................... page 67 BioZyme News ............................................................................................................... page 62 Carolina Cooking — Corned Beef Reuben Soup ..................................................... page 72 Certified Angus Beef News .......................................................................................... page 31 Choosing a Mineral Supplement — What can a tag tell you?,

by Laurentia van Rensburg ........................................................................................ page 56 Culinary Corner, by Beef. It’s What’s for Dinner Culinary Team ............................... page 51 Director’s Report — Milo Lewis Joins NCCA as New Executive Director ........... page 3 Double J Farms — Celebrating 25 Years, by John Wheeler ..................................... page 23 E.B.’s View from the Cow Pasture — Annual Cattle Auction, by E.B. Harris ....... page 17 Farm Credit News ......................................................................................................... page 62 Ground Beef Thawing — Recipes Ready in a Few Easy Steps, ............................. page 72 Harnessing Sensors, Smart Devices, and A.I. Could Transfor Agriculture,

by Suzie Irby ................................................................................................................ page 70 Have You Herd — Your Calf is What Your Cow Eats — A Look at Fetal Programming, by Gracie Howell ............................................ page 16 Moldy Feed, Mycotoxins, and the Risk to Beef Cattle, by Bryan Sanderson ........ page 30 N.C. Cattle Industry Assessment and National Beef Checkoff ............................. page 14 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association News ......................................................... page 54 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association President’s Report — Optimism for the Future, by Todd Wilkinson .................................................. page 52 New NCCA Members for 2024 ................................................................................... page 60 North Carolina Cattle Receipts, Trends, and Prices ............................................... page 64 Orangeburg Area Cattlemen’s Association Scholarship Program ...................... page 65 Pasture Managment Systems, Inc. Mile of Fence Program Update .................... page 59 Rabo AgriFinance News ............................................................................................... page 66 Ridley Block News — What Makes Crystalyx Unique?, by Jon Albo ................... page 35 Riomax News ...........,..................................................................................................... page 44 S.C. Charolais News, by Georgeanne Webb ............................................................... page 42 South Carolina Cattle Receipts, Trends, and Prices ................................................ page 65 The Chaplain’s Corral — First Love, by Dave Harvey ................................................ page 18 The Extension Punts Farm Bill Fight to 2024 ............................................................ page 64 The Simmental Trail, by Jennie Rucker ........................................................................ page 36 Trending in Food and Media ........................................................................................ page 50 Understanding Beef Quality Grades ......................................................................... page 72 USDA Launches Pilot to Help More Processors Access High Value Beef Grading ......................................................................................... page 41 What Cuts the Premium?, by Matthew J. Fischer ...................................................... page 70 What is Climate Neutral Beef?, by Emily Stackhouse .............................................. page 68 Wildlife Weaponization Ramps Up .......................................................................... page 38 You Decide, by Dr. Mike Walden .................................................................................. page 20

N.C. Cattlemen’s Association

President SCOTT WEST 489 Panacea Springs Road • Littleton, NC 27850 Vice Presidents RYAN CLARK 5250 NC 772 Hwy. • Madison, NC 27025

The Carolina Cattle Connection Vol. 38, No. 2 FEBRUARY 2024 Sales & Publication Office

BRANDON BOWMAN 2346 Ann Street • Claremont, NC 28610

2228 N. Main Street Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526

JIM LEDFORD 260 Mulberry Lane • Otto, NC 28763

Phone: 919-552-9111 Fax: 919-552-9216 Email: mail@nccattle.com Website: www.nccattle.com

Immediate Past President BURON LANIER 2877 Piney Woods Road • Burgaw, NC 28425 NCBA Regional Vice President (Policy) FRED SMITH, JR.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

is printed on 30 lb recycled newsprint

by BN Printing in Benson, N.C.

NCBA Policy Division Director - JOHN LANGDON N.C. Beef Council Director RALPH BLALOCK, JR. Beef Board Director - BRIAN WARREN Secretary/Treasurer - EVERETT JOHNSON Directors At Large MATT POORE • NEIL BOWMAN • TODD SEE

Executive Director - MILO LEWIS 2228 N. Main Street • Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526 N.C. Cattlemen’s Beef Council Director of Consumer Information ASHLEY W. HERRING

Manager, N.C. Manager, S.C.

STAFF

MILO LEWIS

TRAVIS MITCHELL

Editor & Advertising Director CASEY L. HINNANT Assistant Editor & Proofreader KIM BURDGE

Administrative Assistant - KIM BURDGE N.C. Circulation

KIM BURDGE

S.C. Circulation

TRAVIS MITCHELL

S.C. Cattlemen’s Association

Executive Director - TRAVIS MITCHELL P.O. Box 207 • Saluda, SC 29138 Phone: 803-609-2828 Email: twmitch@clemson.edu

Material in The Carolina Cattle Connection is not to be reproduced in total or in part without the written permission of the Editor. All Website: www.sccattlemen.wildapricot.org submissions become property of The Carolina Executive Committee Cattle Connection, but we make every effort to President - Timmy Benton return items such as photographs and artwork as 1st Vice President - Joe Oswald IV requested. nd 2 Vice President - Gene Crim Secretary - Carol Hendrix Treasurer - Eric Seymour Past President - Roscoe Kyle

John Lews, Chester • Joe Oswald, IV, Allendale Roscoe Kyle, Inman • Terry Kirkland, Batesburg Lloyd Baxley, Georgetown • Joe Davis, Westminster Michael Hall, Abbeville • Richard Sox, Lexington Carol Hendrix, Westminister • Jamie Driggers, Hamer Timmy Benton, Walterboro • Michael Bailey, Lancaster Bonnie Cann, Abbeville • Ashley Mills, Blair Drake Yon, Ridge Spring • Gene Crim, St. Matthews Lee Haddon, Gaffney • Eric Seymour, Columbia

S.C. Beef Council

P.O. Box 11280 • Columbia, SC 29211 Phone: 803-917-1119 Email: scbeef@scda.sc.gov Website: www.sccattle.org

The Carolina Cattle Connection, the official publication of the N.C. Cattlemen’s Association and the S.C. Cattlemen’s Association is published monthly by the N.C. Cattlemen’s Association.

A complementary subscription is included with membership to each state’s association. Nonmember subscriptions are $30 per year.

All address changes for NCCA members to: The Carolina Cattle Connection 2228 N. Main Street • Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526 All address changes for SCCA members to: The Carolina Cattle Connection P.O. Box 207 • Saluda, SC 29138

FORAGES Amazing Grazing — Math - It Does Not Have to Be a Four Letter Word,

by Johnny Rogers … page Consideration for Frost Seeding Clovers into Forage Systems on Spring,

by Liliane Silva … page Harnessing the Power of Electric Fences - Part 2 — Energizers and the Ground System, by Matt Poore … page How Do YOU See Things?, by Josh Teague … page Renovo Seed News … page Tall Fescue — Wonder Grass of Toxic Curse, by Matt Poore … page Tips for Improving Forage Digestion in Beef Cattle, by Dr. Cadra Kruger … page

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72nd Annual N.C. Cattle Conference February 23-24, 2024

Hickory Metro Convention Center • Hickory, N.C. ***Tentative Schedule of Events***

3:00 p.m. — Afternoon Break

Friday, February 23, 2024

3:00 p.m. — Committee Meetings

7:30 a.m. — Board of Directors Breakfast 8:00 a.m. — Registration Opens 8:30 a.m. — Trade Show Opens

◆ Purebred Breeders Council ◆ N.C. BCIP

Guest Speakers - Troy Rowan & Kevin Thompson

◆ Joint Legislative/Membership

Guest Speakers - Kent Bacus, NCBA & Angie Maier, NCCA Lobbyist

5:00 p.m. — N.C. Cattlemen’s Association Joint Board of Directors & Annual Business Meeting

MORNING SESSION Theme: The Right Way is the Only Way

6:00 p.m. — Brisket Bites Social Featuring Live Music from Dirty Grass Soul! ◆ Past Presidents’ & Young Producers Council Reception ◆ NCBA PAC & NCCA Support Auction

8:45 a.m. — Welcome

Dr. Todd See, N.C. State University

9:00 a.m. — Opening Session

Saturday, February 24, 2024

Lisa Pederson, North Dakota State University

Theme: Success with Cattle

10:15 a.m. — Herd Health: Emerging Issues in Animal Health

7:00 a.m. — Registration Opens

Dr. Catherine Harris Dr. Kevin Lahmers, Associate Director of Lab Services at Virginia Tech

10:20 a.m. — Morning Break 10:45 a.m. — Concurrent Breakout Sessions ◆ Heifer Development

Dr. Troy Rowan, Beef Specialist at University of Tennessee

9:00 a.m. — Trade Show Opens 9:15 a.m. — Setting the Breeding Season Up for Success: Pre-Breeding Herd Health to Calves on the Ground

◆ Low Stress Livestock Handling

Dr. Felipe Silva, Dr. Tom Van Dyke Panel - Dean Askew & Mark Wilburn, Select Sires Shannon Roberts, ABS

◆ Regenerative Grazing

9:30 a.m. — Morning Break

Kevin Thompson, Middle Tennesee Research Station Dr. Allen Williams, Soil Academy

10:30 a.m. — How to Work Cattle & Remain Friends

12:00 noon — Awards Luncheon

N.C. Agromedicine Institute

AFTERNOON SESSION

TRADE SHOW EDUCATION

1:30 p.m. — Trade Show Continues

◆ BQA Transportation & Trailer Safety, Teresa Lambert ◆ Meat Demonstration, Currey Nobles ◆ Emergency Action Plan & Weathering the Storm,

2:00 p.m. — Committee Meetings ◆ CattleWomen

Guest Speaker - Roxanne Reed, Farm School on Wheels

◆ Forage and Grasslands Council ◆ Stocker & Cattle Feeders PAGE 2

7:30 a.m. — Youth Recognition Breakfast & Perry & Doris Teeter Beef Leadership Institute Alumni Reunion

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Dr. Deidre Harmon ◆ Skillathon Contest, Brent Jennings ◆ BQA Certification, NCSU Extension Booth

Director’s Report Milo Lewis Joins NCCA as New Executive Director The N.C. Cattlemen’s Association welcomed Milo Lewis as NCCA Executive Director on January 2 following the retirement announcement of Bryan Blinson. In this role, she will oversee the multi-faceted trade organization as well as the promotion of beef through the Beef Checkoff. She will train alongside Bryan until his retirement on March 1.

“I look forward to the leadership of Milo as our new Executive Director.

Milo brings a wealth of knowledge about agriculture, but, more importantly, a strong relationship with the farm families and agricultural leaders and professionals in North Carolina,” says Blinson. “Milo’s background of growing up on a diversified farm and taking advantage of the opportunities provided through numerous youth programs has shaped her into one of the most dynamic leaders in North Carolina agriculture. I could not be more excited to see how the N.C. Cattlemen’s Association will grow under her leadership.”

Milo is the daughter of John Redden (J.R.) and Miriam Lewis and was raised in the small town of Farmville, N.C., with brothers Redden and Billy on a diversified crop and livestock farm where the family raised tobacco, peanuts, soybeans, sweet potatoes, cattle, and contract hogs.

At an early age, Milo began her career in agriculture as a 4-H member. Activities ranged from beef chargrill and sewing garments for the state fashion revue to presenting various 4-H presentations. Most frequently, on weekends, you would find Milo and her brothers at livestock shows with Miriam or her parents, affectionately known to them and all their friends as Oma and Opa. Milo served as the N.C. 4-H State Council Vice President and participated in the National 4-H Livestock Judging & Skillathon Contest.

Milo and her brothers were staples at North Carolina and National Junior Angus shows and events, with Milo attending and helping before she was even old enough to participate. Those who attended events recognized her by her bright pearl button shirts and giant hairbows, handmade by Miriam. She excelled in showmanship and speech contests and loved participating in the Certified Angus Beef Cookoff. Milo received her Bronze, Silver, and Gold awards through the National Junior Angus Association and served as President of the

N.C. Junior Angus Association.

Milo expanded her leadership skills by attending the Perry & Doris Teeter Beef Leadership Institute and serving as an N.C. Cattlemen’s Beef Ambassador. While in high school, Milo even convinced her parents to allow her to transfer schools, as her school did not have an active FFA Chapter.

Board of Directors Vice President. “I believe she brings skills to the table to keep the N.C. Cattlemen progressing forward. I can’t wait to see where she helps guide the North Carolina cattle industry.”

Milo transitioned to Director of Livestock with the N.C. Farm Bureau Federation in 2018. She served in various capacities to many organizations, including the N.C. Cattlemen’s Association, N.C. Pork Council, N.C. Horse Council, N.C. Dairy Producers Association, N.C. Dairy Advantage, Dairy Alliance, 4-H Development Fund, N.C. Agriculture Foundation, and State Agriculture Response Team. During her time as the director of livestock, she worked on key strategic initiatives, including farmer disaster relief, expanding local meat processing, youth livestock development, and planning the first N.C. Young Beef Producers Tour. She served as a resource for livestock producers with questions and concerns over regulatory issues, policy, and communication with their elected officials. Most importantly, she cultivated relationships with key agricultural leaders, policymakers, and

farmers across the state and nation.

“The N.C. Cattlemen’s Association has had great leadership for many years under Bryan Blinson,” says Karl Gillespie, N.C. House Majority WHIP, Past NCCA President, and past Macon County Farm Bureau President. “I am confident in Milo’s industry experience and leadership ability. The NCCA is well positioned to serve North Carolina cattlemen for years to come under her guidance.”

Milo and her husband, Dwayne, reside on the family farm with their four-year-old daughter Georgiana. In her spare time, Milo enjoys spending time with her family and watching Georgiana participate in activities, from exhibiting livestock to dance recitals.

“I am excited to join the remarkable team at the N.C. Cattlemen’s Association, as we work together to serve the cattle producers in our great state and promote the beef industry. I hope to meet many of you at the upcoming Conference in February! Please don’t hesitate to reach out if I could ever be of any assistance.

My contact information is 919-552-9111 or milo@nccattle.com,” says Milo.

After high school, Milo attended N.C. State University, was active in several clubs, and also interned with the 4-H Development Fund, helping secure donations for the N.C. 4-H Livestock Endowment. She expanded her livestock judging experience as an NCSU Collegiate Poultry judging team member, competing in two national competitions. In December 2010, Milo graduated from N.C. State University with a bachelor of science in agriculture science and minors in poultry science and agricultural leadership. She continued her education at Oklahoma State University, graduating in December 2011 with a master of science in international agriculture with a focus in economics.

In 2012, Milo joined the N.C. Farm Bureau Federation as a District Field Representative, serving 11 counties in eastern North Carolina. While there, she was responsible for volunteer management and recognition, record keeping, budgeting, policy development, and leadership development. She served as a Women’s Leadership Team member, providing leadership, public speaking, and legislative opportunities to rural and farm women from across the state.

“I couldn’t be happier to have Milo join the NCAA,” says Ryan Clark, NCCA

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Section f

Tall Fescue — Wonder Grass or Toxic Curse?

By MATT POORE Tall fescue is a plant of incredible importance to the beef industry across the Mid-Atlantic, Upper South, and Lower Midwest. It is dominant from the Piedmont Region of the Eastern United States all the way to Eastern Kansas and Oklahoma.

That region, about 1,000 miles long and about 400 miles deep, is called the Tall Fescue Belt, and it is a region that is home to about ¼ of the nation’s beef cows.

When you take that into account,

along with other areas of the U.S. where tall fescue is adapted (the Great Northwest) and the dominance in other countries around the world (including vast areas of China), it is clearly one of the most important pasture species on the planet.

Our dominant variety, Kentucky-31, was discovered by a farmer named W. M. Suiter in Eastern Kentucky on a farm he had purchased with the grass already present. He observed that this grass was

2024 Spotlight Issues Schedule Most of the breed associations in North and South Carolina have stepped forward and renewed their contracts for Spotlight sections in The Carolina Cattle Connection for 2024. If your breed is not featured as a Spotlight section and you would like to inquire on any open months please feel free to contact me.

Below is the tentative schedule for the upcoming year.

2024 Reserved Spotlight Issues JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

CHAROLAIS FORAGES ANGUS PIEDMONTESE BRAHMAN HEREFORD GELBVIEH SIMMENTAL SANTA GERTRUDIS WAGYU BRANGUS RED ANGUS

very vigorous and stayed green long into the winter after other cool season grasses had turned brown. He collected seed from the grass and started planting it and expanding his seed supply.

The “Wonder Grass” was present in Menifee County, Ken., on a number of other farms and was known as “Suiter’s Grass” locally when E.N. Furgus, a professor at the University of Kentucky, heard about “Suiter’s Grass” when he made a trip in 1931 to the county to judge a sorghum syrup show. He recognized the potential value of such a plant to the livestock industry, so he obtained seed and planted it at the University, initially in test plots and later in on-farm demonstrations.

With the help and encouragement of a colleague, William Johnstone, in 1943, the variety Kentucky-31 was released, and it quickly spread across what is now the tall fescue belt.

The rest of the story, you might know well, but to cut it short, problems started to arise characterized by cattle that were rough hair coated, slow to breed back, slow to shed winter hair in the spring, and that were intolerant to the heat of summer.

Also, some cases of severe lameness (fescue foot) in winter were reported.

These symptoms are collectively known as fescue toxicosis. Eventually, it was discovered that the plant looked so good because it contained a toxic endophyte

For more information about your breed’s Spotlight Issue, contact:

The Carolina Cattle Connection 2228 N. Main Street • Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526 919-552-9111 • mail@nccattle.com PAGE 4

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Heifer on novel endophyte tall fescue.

that caused livestock to not want to graze it (protecting it from overgrazing) and helping it to withstand pest pressures.

Once the endophyte was discovered and we started to learn about the effects of the ergot alkaloids produced by the fungus, endophyte free (E-) fescue was released, and progressive farmers killed a lot of Kentucky-31 pastures and planted the new varieties. Unfortunately, many of them found that while the Efescue produced much improved animal performance, the plants did not persist, and due to residual seed in the seed bank, many fields were rapidly reinvaded by toxic (E+) fescue.

As many of you know, I raise cattle on a couple of farms north of Raleigh (near Virgilina, Va.), where I have been actively involved in the farming operation since I was eight years old. Kentucky-31 was the dominant grass on our farms then, but it is important to note that the pastures were not all fescue but had a lot of orchardgrass, bluegrass, white and red clover, lespedeza, and dallisgrass. Later, I learned that the pastures had been planted with a mixture of these species in the late 1950s, and that was the most common approach to planting pastures in our area in those days. There also were pure stands of KY-31 tall fescue planted with cost share as grass waterways in all of our tobacco land to help reduce erosion. As

e Special time went on, the tall fescue became more and more dominant on all the pastures.

Also, after we gave up tobacco farming, the tall fescue rapidly spread across all the cropland just from volunteer seed. When I started farming in 1981, all the pastures had a very high percentage of KY-31.

When I was growing up, I worked on the farm during the summer, and in autumn, winter, and spring, I lived in Arizona and worked on several ranches there. It was interesting to me that our cattle in the east never looked as good as the cattle on those rough and dry rangelands. Like many of our neighbors, when we learned about the potential for E- tall fescue, we thought about killing pasture and planting it. However, we resisted planting any simply because it didn’t make sense to borrow money to kill and replace what looked like really good pastures.

I think it came down to the fact that none of us had ever seen cattle on our farms that were not impacted by toxic fescue, so we just didn’t know what was possible and didn’t really know we had a problem. At that time, in the winter of 1981, I first stockpiled fescue and grazed cows on it through the winter using the strip grazing technique. It was hard to do before good reels, polywire, tread-in posts, and such, but it still was one of the most amazing winter feeding options I had seen up to that point. After that experience, we were convinced that the benefits of KY31 outweighed the problems and didn’t consider E- fescue again.

Heifer on toxic endophyte tall fescue.

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I only farmed a few years that first spell and then returned to Arizona to go to graduate school. I learned a lot about feedlot beef production and nutrition and only returned to the farm several times a year. During the 1980s, we had several historical droughts, and in my absence, many of the pastures were severely overgrazed. By the time I graduated and returned to North Carolina in 1990 to take my current job, our pastures had converted to nearly 100% tall fescue. I started working with the herd with a more critical eye than I ever had, and over the years, I became more and more concerned about how toxic tall fescue impacted our cattle. It seemed the better the bulls we bought, the worse the problem became.

Eventually, I learned that it was because the “better” genetics available were mostly from outside the fescue belt, and there is a big genetic variation in how cattle tolerate the toxins.

Today, the fescue problem only continues to get worse due to a warming environment, which has pushed tall fescue higher up the mountains and farther north in the fescue belt. Also, genetic improvement has moved fast, and a lot of fescue intolerance has been bred into the cow herds in the region. There are several things you can do to improve the situation from the animal side, including having a good mineral program, doing some supplemental feeding, and doing genetic selection for fescue tolerance. On the plant side, you can diversify pastures by planting something other than tall

Section f

fescue (native warm season grasses, bermudagrass, etc.) or by planting nontoxic “novel endophyte (NE)” fescue.

The novel endophyte tall fescue varieties were developed in the 1990s when Gary Latch of Ag Research New Zealand and Joe Bouton of the University of Georgia met and started a collaboration that led to the release of Jesup MaxQ fescue, which had excellent agronomic traits like E+ but supported the animal performance of E- fescue. Dr. Jim Green and I conducted a study that started in 1999 at the Butner Beef Cattle Field Laboratory that ran five years and showed that Jesup MaxQ had great potential for long term persistence. It was not quite as competitive as E+, but this allowed some more space for clover and other desirable grasses, while reinfection with E+ did not occur. Animal performance on MaxQ matched or exceeded E- fescue.

Today, there are seven commercial varieties of novel endophyte tall fescue being marketed, with more set to come on the market. Farmers have quite a few options when selecting something to plant, and some recommend planting a mixture of the various varieties and endophytes. As many of you have heard me say, nearly all progressive cattlemen with fescue pastures should convert at least some of their ground to NE fescue.

While I am still a big fan of KY-31 for winter grazing, hay production, etc., having non-toxic fescue for growing cattle and developing heifers will provide major production advantages.

At home, we have converted 50 of our 350 acres of pasture and plan to convert an additional 75 acres in the next few years. This non-toxic forage has really reduced the amount of feed it

takes to develop our replacement heifers and our finishers, which have become the economic focus of our program.

To help farmers who are seriously interested in converting some of their pastures to NE fescue, we have been working with a group called “the Alliance for Grassland Renewal.” This group is composed of Universities in the fescue belt, the seed companies selling novel endophyte tall fescues, USDA-NRCS, some other related businesses, and several non-profit groups. The goal of the Alliance is to develop a self imposed system of regulating seed quality and to develop educational programs to support producers in conversion projects.

The Alliance provides training for advisors, seed industry personnel, and producers. Our next workshops are in Tennessee, Arkansas, and West Virginia in March 2024. You can learn more about the workshops at www.grasslandrenewal. org. The focus of our producer workshops is to help producers planting NE fescue pastures be successful. The speakers will include a list of very experienced scientists and industry representatives who have great information to deliver on this great opportunity to hear from the best people in the country on the topic. While you are at the website, make sure to sign up for our newsletter, Novel Notes, to keep you abreast of developments with novel endophyte tall fescue and upcoming events.

If you are a progressive cattlemen with a fescue based system, attending a workshop will change the way you look at tall fescue for good. It will help you understand how you can continue to enjoy the benefits of the wonder grass and tall fescue while reducing issues with fescue toxicosis.

You shouldn’t have to have a gun held to your head to take advantage of the expert A.I., superior genetics, the best in purebreds and outstanding farm supplies featured in the Classifieds in this issue!

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Section f

Consideration for Frost Seeding Clovers Into Forage Systems on Spring

By LILIANE SILVA Clemson University Legumes are nitrogen fixing plants that can improve forage quality, soil fertility, and sustainability in pastures.

Clovers are widely used in the region and can be considered a simple and low cost approach to enhance forage production and reduce nitrogen fertilizer input in operations. Frost seeding is a common practice that allows for the establishment

Keys to successful frost seed establishment - First, conducting a soil test and adjusting soil pH and fertility is essential. This is particularly important for clovers, which require higher soil fertility and pH than other forages. Selecting an adapted variety to the local is important, and high quality, certified, and inoculated clover seed should be purchased. The

Figure 3. Grass-clover mixture on pasture.

Figure 1. Steers grazing cool season grass-legume mixture.

of clovers with minimum equipment, less need for labor, and does not disturb the soil. Frost seeding works on incorporating the broadcasted seeds into the soil through alternating freezing and thawing cycles, along with rainfall. For this reason, seeding timing is of the essence when utilizing this method for planting.

quality of the seed will directly impact its germination and establishment and reduce the introduction of weeds into the area (Figure 2). Then, the equipment must be calibrated, and the correct seeding rate must be used. When frost seeding clovers, the seeding rate will range from 6-10 and 1-3 lbs/acre for red and white

Figure 2. Clover seedlings.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

clovers, respectively. However, the recommendation is for you to reach out to your local extension agent or specialist and discuss your goals in order to get a specific recommendation for your operation.

For frost seeding, most farmers will use a spinner type of equipment, and it is essential to check its distribution pattern during planting to ensure it is working well. Obtaining a good seed-soil contact is essential, and, as a rule of thumb, frost seeding clovers should occur from late winter to early March to allow for the proper environmental conditions to incorporate the seed into the soil. After early March, no-till drilling legumes into the pasture will provide a better incorporation of the seeds into the pasture since there will not be enough freezing and thawing cycles occurring then. Clovers no-till planted in March or later will have a shorter production cycle than those stands planted in fall, so you should weigh the pros and cons of this approach for your operation.

Among the many benefits provided by the incorporation of clovers (Figure 3), we can highlight the following: • Contribution of up to 100 lbs. of nitrogen for the companion or following crop rotation.

• Provide soil coverage and reduce

weed pressure, soil erosion, and runoff.

• Improve soil organic matter, soil health, and water holding capacity.

• Improve forage quality to support animal performance.

• Attract pollinators and beneficial insects and support sustainability and ecosystem services grasslands provide.

Y’all have stumbled on the best place to advertise expert A.I., superior genetics, the best in purebreds and outstanding farm supplies. Check the Classifieds in this issue!

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Section f

Tips for Improving Forage Digestion in Beef Cattle

By DR. CADRA KRUEGER Alltech In the cow/calf production system, forage is the primary source of feed and plays a significant role in cattle health and productivity; however, forage digestion is limited by the interaction of different fiber components. Nevertheless, fiber contributes a major source of energy, regulates feed intake, and stimulates chewing, salivation, and gut motility (Adesogan et al., 2019). Fiber is digested by rumen microbial populations responsible for breaking down digestible fiber, hemicellulose, and cellulose, then converting those to energy. However, fiber digestion can be limited by the associations between hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, and other acids in the plant cell wall.

Additionally, forage type, quality, and length can have an impact on fiber digestibility, depending on the amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin the plant contains. Different approaches can be taken to ensure that cattle are digesting the maximum amount of forage.

Providing a balanced diet Understanding how forage matures is fundamental in making sure a balanced diet is provided year round. Young, growing forages will typically provide enough protein and energy and require no protein supplementation. However, as the forage matures, its nutrient content and digestibility decline. This decline is associated with an increase in lignin, resulting in less digestible fiber available for use. Reduced fiber digestion will reduce feed intake, rumen microbial function, and overall digestion, making less energy available to the cow.

However, providing the correct amount of protein, an essential nutrient, will help to optimize rumen microbial function and increase fiber digestion.

Trace mineral sources have also been demonstrated to have an impact on rumen fermentation. Research has revealed that steers with sulfate sources of trace minerals added to their diets had reduced fiber digestibility and overall dry matter digestibility from their diets when compared to steers supplemented with

complex trace minerals (Guimaraes et al., 2022). Alltech’s Bioplex offers proteinate trace minerals, a specific type of complexed trace minerals, as an optimal alternative to sulfate sourced trace minerals. In a study comparing these two types of minerals, the authors suggested that rumen bacteria that ferment carbohydrates use more Bioplex trace minerals at a faster rate than sulfate sourced trace minerals, thus maximizing rumen fermentation (Pino and Heinrichs, 2016).

Mechanical processing - The process of forage digestion starts with cattle chewing and breaking down forage. The act of chewing reduces forage particle size, resulting in a greater inside surface area for rumen microbes to attach to, which is important because the bacteria’s digestion process works from the inside out. Cattle further reduce forage particle size by chewing their cud, a process of regurgitating a bolus of forage and chewing it again; however, there is an energy cost associated with the process.

Chopping forage prior to feeding it is a cost effective way for producers to increase fiber digestion. This process decreases the amount of time cattle spend chewing their cud, thus helping to increase feed intake. Producers need to be aware, though, that hay chopped too finely may have negative effects on rumen health. Therefore, the recommended chop length is no smaller than ½ inch. In situations where hay is fed on the ground, a longer chop length can be used to minimize waste.

Natural feed additives - Natural feed additives, including live yeast cultures and yeast fermentation products, have been around for several years and have been shown to have positive effects on animal digestion, health, and performance. Yea-Sacc 1026 is a live yeast culture by Alltech that has demonstrated the ability to stimulate the growth of rumen bacteria, resulting in a positive effect on feed intake, nutrient availability, and rumen pH. More specifically, Yea-Sacc 1026 stimulates the

growth of fiber digesting bacteria. This leads to a more efficient breakdown of fiber in the rumen and an increase in the amount of nutrients available to the cow.

Fibrolytic enzymes are other feed additives that have shown positive results in improving fiber digestion. Based on fermentation extracts from fungal or bacterial sources, these enzymes provide high activity that breaks down cellulose and hemicellulose more efficiently

(Mendoza et al., 2014). Fibrozyme, a fibrolytic enzyme by Alltech, has been shown to support better fiber digestion and feed efficiency by promoting early digestion rates of fiber.

Summary - A producer can improve fiber digestion in many ways. It is important to investigate which method will work best for a particular operation to maximize animal health, productivity, and profitability.

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q FEBRUARY 2024

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How Do YOU See Things?

By JOSH TEAGUE Running T Farms “Josh, you need to write an article for The Carolina Cattle Connection telling people why you have implemented these practices and how they have improved your operation so maybe more people will implement more of these practices.” These were the words Dr. Matt Poore said to me at a meeting for the N.C. Forage & Grassland Council. After a little coercion, I reluctantly agreed. When I sat down to write, my mind went straight to grazing practices. Cow

days per acre, rest, recovery, severity of graze, stock density, stockpile, etc.

I’m passionate about grazing and land improvement but where to start? Where did it start for me? It started for me at the 2017 NCFGC Annual Meeting, where Alex Miller, a farmer from Tennessee, was giving a presentation on things they were doing on their farm to improve grazing management, reduce inputs, and be more profitable. He recommended a couple

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

of books on the topic that I immediately came home, ordered, and read, which got me fired up and ready to get after it.

Since then, it has been a steady progression of learning by doing, reading, watching, being mentored, and investing in self education. You notice above I said “it” started for me at the conference. The “it” I’m referring to is the changing of your mind because to make all the changes that we’ve made as a farm and family, the very first thing that must change is your mind. It’s also the hardest thing to change.

A quote from Don Campbell, a holistic rancher in Canada, that really brings that into focus is, “If you want to make small changes, change the way you do things. If you want to make big changes, change the way you see things.”

As cattle producers who have embraced wholeheartedly the practice of changing the way we see things regarding land regeneration, we (my wife Brandi, my sons, Wil, Wes, and myself) attempt to manage our livestock, farm, and lives, in general, a little differently than before the adoption of these practices. For those of you who are reading this article and have already begun on your own path of land improvement with livestock, you know the sheer joy experienced by seeing the almost instant regeneration of the land that can begin to happen when the right decisions are made when implementing grazing practices.

If you have been doing it for any length of time at all, you will have also experienced setbacks from poor management decisions.

Looking back on the last six years that I have spent implementing and learning how to be a better steward of the land and animals under our management, I must admit that I probably did more harm in the early years in some respects than good. I always had the intention of doing better, but sometimes, the outcome was not the outcome I was hoping for. Nevertheless, we kept at it.

Those who know me know that I may lack a lot of things, but confidence in myself or an idea that has taken root in my mind is generally not the case. Through trial and error, setting up countless miles of temporary fence, and dragging

around portable water systems, we are finally getting into place a system that is working for us. It is not without hiccups or mistakes, but they do seem to happen much less often than before. It seems the old saying that “There’s no replacement for experience” rings true once again.

Since this journey started, we transitioned from a straight cow/ calf operation selling weaned and backgrounded calves every year to a 100 percent birth to harvest grass fed/finished beef operation that direct markets its own products directly to the consumer. We find it really gratifying knowing that we are now producing food directly from our farm under our care and no longer just a commodity to be placed in the system.

We are also trying to create a business that we hope our sons might want to take over someday, and we know that it must be profitable and enjoyable, or it will never be sustainable. We now try to make most of our decisions under the context of it being profitable and enjoyable, both ecologically and economically. It doesn’t matter if you have the highest possible functioning ecosystem and grazing operation in the world if you can’t monetize it. On the other hand, just because something can be monetized, if it is at the expense of ecological profitability in the long term, should it be? Does the management consume your every waking moment and make you unavailable to your family or anything else? Is it enjoyable? If the next generation of farmers and ranchers isn’t interested in taking the reins to continue what the prior generation started, it’s not sustainable. Have we created a farm business that has enough ecological and economic profit and fun that our sons will want to continue? Time will tell. The decision will be theirs, but the burden is on us.

If you think you would like to challenge the way you see things, I encourage you to come join us at the NCFGC 2024 Winter Conference, where Dr. Allen Williams from Understanding Ag will be speaking on all topics of profitable regenerative grazing and livestock management. It could be just the thing to help you start to change the way you see things.

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Harnessing the Power of Electric Fences - Part 1 — Energizers and the Ground System

By MATT POORE Understanding how electric fences work, how to build them, and how to troubleshoot them when problems occur is key to improving your grazing management system. After teaching about electric fencing for ten years, it is clear that many producers with electric fencing don’t have a very good understanding of how electric fences work. This makes building and maintaining a fencing system difficult. Over the next five months, we will present a series of articles focused on helping you get more out of your electric fences.

Electric fencing functions by being an open circuit with voltage on it but no ground, so electricity is not constantly flowing. Because of this, it uses very little electricity. When an animal or any other object that is in contact with the ground contacts the fence, electricity flows through the fence, into the contacting object, into the ground, and back to the energizer ground system. Because the contact is usually light, a spark occurs, which is painful (assuming the power level is adequate), and this creates a psychological barrier that the animal remembers. It is possible to contain well trained animals within a single strand of temporary electric fence because they fear the pain of the spark, and they will carefully avoid the wire.

There is no reason to fear electric fencing. Sometimes producers are worried about being injured by the electric fence, especially if they have a heart condition, pacemaker, etc. However, modern energizers are tested and certified for safety and pose no danger to humans under normal operating conditions.

I know producers who always turn off the fence when they move cattle or do other work in their pasture. That is, in general, a bad idea because it just reinforces the fear the producers have about being shocked, and it is very easy to forget to turn the fence back on, resulting in escaping livestock. If you work with the fence on, you might occasionally get shocked if you are in pasture with the fence hot, but wearing rubber boots and loose clothing will help reduce contact

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and the pain caused by the spark. I don’t really mind that bad getting a little shock now and then, but it rarely happens to me because people are even easier to train than livestock! The introduction of remote control on/off capability in recent years helps with the management of the system, but it is currently limited to only the most powerful and most expensive energizers.

Major components of the fence system include 1) the energizer, 2) the ground system, 3) the lightning damage protection system, 4) the permanent fence, and 5) temporary internal fencing. It is important to have a good understanding of each of these components before you build a fence, and if you have a fence custom built, it is still important to understand the components when you try to troubleshoot your fence system. This month will focus on energizers and the ground system.

Energizers - Energizers have made dramatic improvements over the last three decades. The fence energizer, which is also sometimes called the fence box or charger, is the heart of the fence system, so it is important to understand how they work and how to decide how powerful an energizer you need. Modern low impedance energizers from different manufacturers vary some in their technology, but the basic way they work is the same. Electrical current either from an AC (110 or 220 volt) or DC (12 volt) power source is converted into very short pulses (0.00015 seconds) of very high voltage ranging from 3,000-10,000 volts, or 3-10 kilovolts (kV). There are still a few brands of high impedance energizers available, but I don’t recommend them because they can cause fires and are not compatible with many of the temporary fencing products available.

Because the pulse duration is so short compared to the time between pulses (one to two seconds), there is little danger of being injured by a low impedance electric fence. The high voltage makes for a very strong spark when you come into contact with it, but you will automatically pull away from the fence and will rarely receive more than one shock. It does hurt,

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

but it will not harm you. It is a very bad idea to construct electric fences out of barbed wire because if you get entangled in the fence and receive multiple pulses, it could eventually hurt you.

The intermittent pulse is key to how the fence works. The animal explores the fence as a novel object, usually with their nose or tongue, and when that hot spark jumps out and bites them, they back off and very quickly learn not to mess with it.

When animals are trained with a very hot fence, the aversion to fence is so strong that you can actually contain animals with unpowered polywire, twine, or string for short periods, which is handy for herding and temporarily controlling animals when using a powered line.

Energizers come in various power levels for different applications. In general, it will take the most power to control wildlife and goats, followed by sheep, cattle, and finally, horses. There is debate and discussion about just how much power it does take, but in my opinion, for all animals, you should strive to keep above 5 kV on the fence when conditions are good, and then if the power drops some during challenging weather (wet conditions) or when a direct short occurs, the animals will still respect it.

The strength of the energizer is usually rated in Output Joules. Some manufacturers also give a Stored Joules rating, but that is relatively unimportant compared to Output Joules. Voltage is the

potential energy on the fence, but the real work of throwing a hot spark and holding high voltage when there are challenges is based on the Joules. If the energizer is low on Output Joules, then the voltage may be high, but when an animal touches it, the voltage may drop way down as the energizer does not have the power to drive a current to the “short.”

I like to use the analogy of horsepower and speed to help producers understand Joules and Voltage. If you have a 100 horsepower truck and a 350 horsepower truck both running side by side and pulling the same total load, it is possible for them on flat ground to both run at 60 miles an hour. The 60 mph is like voltage. Likewise, it is possible for a small energizer to put out 6 kV just like a big energizer does.

When the two trucks hit a grade, however, the 350 horsepower truck has the reserve power to maintain the 60 mph, while the 100 horsepower truck will lose speed. The more the challenge, the more difference in performance between the two trucks. Likewise, when powering the same fence, if there is a challenge, such as a direct short caused by a piece of wire or wet vegetation, the small energizer will dramatically lose voltage while the big energizer will maintain a lot higher voltage.

Energizer companies usually rate their energizers in both the miles of fence they will power and the recommended acreage they will cover. They also usually

Powerful electric fences lead to more effective control of cows and better forage utilization.

e Special give the stored Joule and the Output Joule rating. Not all companies test their energizers the same, but the output Joules is the best thing we have to go on. My advice is to ignore the miles and acres rating and buy your energizer based on the Joules. I use a rule of thumb of 1 output Joule for each 10-40 acres of pasture. Most farmers will be glad they purchased 1 joule for each 10 acres.

The more vegetation that contacts the fence, the more temporary you use, and the greater the chance of shorts caused by wire or metal fence posts, the greater power you will need. It is critical that you purchase more power than you need under optimal conditions. It is very unusual to have problems from having too much power on their fence; it is just a matter of economics. A high quality energizer for a small acreage may cost as little as $200, while the most powerful energizers now cost thousands of dollars.

Various fence manufacturers have proprietary technology that helps maintain power on the fence, generally sending more power to the fence when it is challenged. Given this potentially advanced technology, some energizers are more expensive but worth the money.

Also, vulnerability to lightning damage and warrantees vary a lot, so be a smart shopper. Ask an advisor for advice before you purchase a bargain energizer.

You will also need a backup unit for use if there is a malfunction of the main energizer. A bargain unit may suffice as a temporary backup.

If at all possible, use 110 volt AC power for your energizer. Energizers designed for 220 volt AC are also available but have almost never been used in the USA. You can purchase energizers that run off a 12 volt battery if you don’t have AC power available, but you have to be prepared to charge the battery when it goes dead. Solar units are also available, but it is important to understand that the solar panel charges a 12 volt battery that, in turn, powers the energizer. Solar units work well, but the cost is high relative to using 110 V, and they are quite vulnerable to theft, given they are conspicuous and usually in remote locations.

Because of the potential for failure of the energizer, it is a good idea to split large acreages into two or more pieces, each controlled by a different energizer.

However, never use the same ground

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system for more than one energizer, and never attach more than one energizer to a single fence system. Having a large acreage split into several sections with multiple energizers and maintaining a backup in case any one of the energizers fails is a good idea and more practical than powering the large system all with one energizer, simply because of the very high cost of keeping a backup unit.

Ground System - The second most important part of an electric fence system is the ground system. In general, the more powerful the energizer, the more ground rods it will take to make it function optimally. You should use 6-8 foot galvanized ground rods placed at least 10 feet apart, with a minimum of three rods.

A continuous galvanized high tensile wire should be used to connect the rods to the energizer, and brass ground rod clamps should be used to securely connect the wire to the rod.

Never mix metals, such as using galvanized wire, copper ground rods, or reverse. If you mix metals, electrolysis will occur, causing an insulating effect and eventual failure of the ground system and the fence. If you have a system with copper ground rods, find some heavy copper wire to tie them together and connect into the energizer rather than using high tensile wire. This still may result in electrolysis and damage to the contacts on the energizer itself, so if you do attach copper to the energizer, clean the connections frequently to prevent arcing, which could damage the energizer.

To test the ground system, short out the fence by placing several metal t-posts in contact with the ground and laying across the hot wire about 300 feet from the energizer. This should significantly reduce the voltage on the fence. Check the ground system for voltage; if it has a significant voltage (more than 0.3 kV), it indicates that the ground is inadequate, and another ground rod should be added.

If there is still significant voltage on the ground system, then add another rod and repeat the process until there is no voltage on the ground system. With some very powerful energizers, it is very difficult to get power on the ground side all the way to zero, but that should be your goal.

Getting a good ground may take as many as ten ground rods on powerful energizers, depending on the soil conditions, so don’t be surprised if three are inadequate.

Section f

To function properly, the ground rods must come into contact with deep soil moisture. Because of this, the ideal location for the ground system is under the drip line of a roof or in a wet bottom area.

Clay soils are much better at maintaining moisture than sandy soils, so keep that in mind when you choose a location for your ground. The ground system can be quite distant from the energizer, which may be necessary depending on the conditions at your site. It also may be necessary to water the ground system in times of drought regardless of the soil type, so keep that in mind as well. Finally, make sure that your ground system is well away (at least 30 feet but preferably more) from any other electrical ground system or telephone service.

Occasionally, it is nearly impossible to maintain good ground because of soil conditions, and for those situations, there are ground kits available that utilize bentonite (a clay) and salt that can be installed with a stainless steel ground rod.

One thing that has sometimes been recommended (but that should never be done) is using the electrical service ground as the ground for the fence energizer. This may work for the electric fence system, especially for protecting it from lightning damage, but it may cause problems with sensitive electronics that run off the same electrical service.

Another point that is critical is that to function properly and to minimize the possibility of lightning damage, the ground on the primary electrical service at the base of the pole where the transformer is (the responsibility of the power company), and the ground where the power enters your breaker box (your responsibility) must be good. If these

grounds are not good, a power surge caused by lightening coming down the power lines will seek ground and may find its way to the ground system of your energizer, going through and destroying the energizer in the process.

There are two major types of electric fencing systems. The first is called a ground earth return system, where all the wires are hot, and the circuit is dependent on the animal being in good contact with the earth.

This requires some level of moisture and is the type of system widely recommended in most areas of the Carolinas.

In very dry regions (the western U.S.) and a few very sandy areas of the southeast, a fence earth return system is recommended. The fence earth return system involves having every other wire connected to ground rods placed about every half mile along the fence and tied into the energizer ground system. With a fence earth return system, the animal receives a shock by touching both the hot wire and the ground wire at the same time when there is insufficient soil moisture for them to make good contact. The ground earth return system is recommended in humid regions because, with a fence earth return system, there can be excessive drainage of power from the fence if succulent vegetation contacts both the hot and the ground wires, which is likely to happen where rainfall is abundant.

Summary - The energizer and ground system are the heart and soul of your electric fence system. Getting an energizer well matched to your fence and installing a good ground system are extremely important. Next month, we will focus on installing a lightning protection system and constructing the permanent portion of the fence.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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By JOHNNY R. ROGERS Amazing Grazing Program Coordinator

Math — It Does Not Have to Be a Four Letter Word Most everyone who reads this article is familiar with my role as Amazing Grazing Coordinator. I help grassland stewards on their journey to develop a better understanding of pasture ecology and to improve their grazing operations.

Many may not know that for the last three years, during the fall semester, I have served as an instructor at the Agriculture Institute of N.C. State University. I teach ANS 103 Beef Production and help undergraduate students enrolled in AGI learn about the beef cattle industry and gain hands-on skills related to beef production. It is exciting to work with both adults and youth, and I appreciate the opportunity. At workshops and in the classroom, we get to cover a wide variety of topics. One thing that I have noticed is that neither group (adults and undergrads) is very enthusiastic about math as it pertains to the subject matter. This is unfortunate because calculations are an important component of grazing systems and cattle production. Often, we need to calculate the grazing days available in a field of stockpiled tall fescue. On other occasions, we can determine a cow herd’s conception rate to gauge the success of our breeding program. I understand math

can lack excitement. It can be blunt and even cruel at times, revealing answers that we do not want to know. However, we need math to take the emotion out of decisions and to help us achieve our operational goals. This article will highlight a few ways simple math can have a major impact on our farms.

Reproductive Performance - The previous paragraph mentioned calculating cow conception rates as a method to assess your breeding program. This is simply the number of pregnant cows related to the total number exposed for breeding. Comparing your herd’s performance to similar herds in your region can be informative. However, make sure you are using the correct data for comparison. For example, first service A.I. conception rates are 50-70 percent, while overall pregnancy rates in well managed cattle operations can range from 85-95 percent. Seeing how your herd ranks with similar herds will allow you to troubleshoot your process and set objectives for improvement.

Hay Cost - When reviewing cow/calf budgets, the take home message is the same. Feed costs and, specifically, winter feed costs, make up the largest expense

Monitor the performance of your A.I. program.

category. Astute farm managers know that when attempting to lower production costs, they analyze the big expense items first. They use this approach because a 1% reduction in feed cost will have a much greater impact on the overall budget compared to a 1% reduction in vaccine cost. Of course, both are important, but we must prioritize our attack on expenses.

Dr. Poore and I are working on a project that demonstrates bale grazing on private farms. The protocol uses a control area (no bale grazing) and bale grazing with hay bales at two densities: two tons per acre and four tons per acre. To place the correct number of bales in each area, you must know the pasture size (acres) and the bale weight (pounds). It is interesting that when we asked producers how much their 4x5 round bale weighs, they answered 700-800 pounds. The bales actually weighed 550 pounds. Of course, we need to know this to set up this project correctly. In addition, it creates the opportunity for each farm to review its production costs and make management decisions. Assuming a bale cost of $50 and feeding a 1300 lb. brood cow for 100 days, we can calculate the difference

in feed cost when using the correct bale weight ($89/cow). This is valuable information, and whether your operation is profitable or not, you should know where your money is going.

Supplement Intake - Forage should meet our cattle’s nutritional requirements in most cases. But forages can often be deficient in one or more nutrients.

It has been well established through research and practical experience that grazing cattle in North Carolina should be provided mineral supplementation.

The most common method to deliver these nutrients is a dry free choice mineral. Many high quality products are available in the marketplace, and each has its own features and targeted daily consumption rate. Four ounces (4 oz.) is the most common expected intake, and most products are packaged in fifty (50) pound bags. Intake should be monitored, and some variation throughout the year can be expected. However, prolonged periods with low mineral consumption could lead to low cattle performance and signs of mineral deficiencies. An easy way to track mineral intake is realizing it takes four cattle consuming 4 oz. daily to

Grazier’s math can help get the most out of your grass.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

News Additional cropping systems keep seed dealers connected to producers.

Logistical prowess and personalized support are must haves with next generation crops. “The buck stops here,” says Ty Marker, a seed dealer with Marker Ag, a Nebraska based, independent retailer of farm products that’s been in business for 25 years. “I’m only as good as the person who stands behind me, so I’m choosey about my affiliations. I need supplier partners who understand how our operation works and our needs.”

Over the past 12 years, his dealership has delved into the wheat, rye, oats, and grass seed markets. That led Marker to Renovo Seed and a partnership that

has driven confidence in their direction forward and exploring new things.

“Having the support system and personal relationship with Renovo Seed has been phenomenal. It has helped us grow.”

Rising demand for additional cropping systems - Demand for additional cropping solutions has climbed in recent years amid an increase in forage prices, according to Marker. “Nebraska farmers are seeking alternatives for either selling a hay crop or a grazing option.”

Casey Schroader, with Dakota Vision Ag based in South Dakota, says demand for these additional cropping solutions has increased over the past five years, with government conservation efforts

Calculate and monitor self fed supplement intake for cost control and proper nutrition.

eat 1 pound. A herd of 20 cattle will eat 5 pounds per day, and a herd of 100 cattle will eat 25 pounds per day. Tracking self fed supplement intake is important to ensure adequate intake (proper nutrition) and to prevent overconsumption (expensive).

Harvest Date Project - Direct to consumer beef marketing has become very common in our state. This enterprise has given operations additional revenue and provided a more stable mark for their production. New business ventures add production and marketing complexities to traditional cow/calf operations. Working with a processor on a harvest date can be a challenge due to the lead time needed to schedule the event. Hand calculation and/ or a spreadsheet can offer assistance and allow you to project the date your cattle will achieve their proper harvest weight.

The processing date is scheduled, and then you can make sure your cattle stay on track.

These are just a few examples of how math can help you take control of your operation. I know many cattle producers say “that they are afraid to calculate how much they spend on cows” or “you can’t make money with cows.” Of course, I disagree with this mindset. I do agree that you can raise cattle for a hobby, a side hustle, and/or for a vocation and have a great time. In addition, it does not have to be about money. Math can help you in many ways to increase the enjoyment you experience from raising cattle and producing beef. If you have questions about how math can benefit your operation, reach out to your livestock agent or contact me at jrroger3@ncsu. edu. Good grazing!

contributing to rising interest in practices like cover cropping.

Looking beyond sales of corn hybrids and soybean varieties, Dakota Vision Ag’s seed business has been split between forages and cover crops. “South Dakota has many cows and dairies, so a lot of forages go in purely for that purpose,” Schroader explains. “The diversity of being able to go with hay millets and season long grazing mixes is very useful.”

In addition to meeting a rising need, these additional cropping solutions also function as a good touchpoint for the dealer. “We get to stay in contact with our customers season long when dealing with these cover crops and blends,” Schroader says.

Knowledgeable people an invaluable resource - Conservation programs and efforts are new territory for many producers, resulting in many questions about which product mixes to use and program terms. Having someone with the knowledge to answer those questions quickly is key.

“The people at Renovo Seed have been invaluable resources, simply explaining everything from products to seeding rates to planting dates,” Schroader says. “The Renovo team has also been involved in research projects with South Dakota State University, working toward seed solutions for the unique challenges of our area, such as salt tolerant alfalfas for our high saline soils.”

Marker has also been impressed with the knowledge and passion of his account manager. “Bringing a quality product and the service it requires helps set dealers and producers up for success.”

Logistics critical in this market Planting cover crops or forage mixes is largely weather dependent. Therefore, quick shipping and flexibility are key for dealers like Schroader and Marker. “I can rely on Renovo Seed to deliver, and I never question whether the quality will be good. That goes without question,” Marker says.

Deeming Renovo Seed a “logistics rockstar,” Marker praises the company’s willingness to work through unique crop needs. “They understand being a smaller, independent business in a big, corporate world.”

Diverse offerings for wide range of customers - Because his customer base ranges from a traditional producer to a progressive farmer interested in cutting edge solutions, a diverse product line is a must for Marker. “Renovo Seed has offerings for about anyone,” he says. “Their knowledge of those products and marketplace price points set the company apart.”

Marker expects to sell a lot of alfalfa in 2024, in addition to the usual oats,

The Carolina Cattle Connection

millets, forages, sorghum, wheat, rye, and triticale. Cover crops are also taking hold in his area of Nebraska.

Schroader’s South Dakota customers range from cattle producers looking for forage to conservation focused producers putting acres back into grass and using pollinator mixes. His top sellers include hay millet and rye. Producers have also been pleased with Renovo’s All American mix, which helps prepare seedbeds while fulfilling NRCS cover crop contracts.

Complete seed solution providers - “Renovo Seed makes it easy and profitable for dealers to add seed solutions that complement any portfolio, answering a growing need for streamlined logistics, support beyond the bag and a simplistic selling approach,” says Matt Metzger, a sales account manager with the company.

“Those additional cropping solutions enable dealers to bring true value to their customers and position them as complete seed solution providers. We’re actively working to expand our dealer network.”

Contact Renovo Seed to learn more about Renovo’s tailored, profitable solutions and how to join their growing network of dealers.

About Renovo Seed. Renovo Seed enters the seed industry as a visionary in positive land use solutions. Backed by Millborn’s powerful supply chain, Renovo Seed works to improve the resiliency of the land for generations to come with a robust seed lineup and an unmatched team of experts who design practical, tailored solutions for farmers, ranchers, and landowners. For more information, visit RenovoSeed.com.

Don’t put your cart before your horse...advertise that sale ahead of time! You’ll see positive results. q FEBRUARY 2024

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hours together at trade show booths. Just ask him how much he likes sitting still behind a table!

We will all miss Bryan and Beth being around, but we know they aren’t far, and that’s a huge reassurance. I hope I can keep the lessons learned at the forefront of my day-to-day work. It’s certainly been an honor to work with Bryan, and I’ll always appreciate the opportunity. Agriculture in North Carolina is a huge family, and it’s tough to see a changeover, but with the

Ashley’s Beef Corner

T

Cha-Cha-Changes

By ASHLEY W. HERRING Director of Consumer Information N.C. Cattlemen’s Beef Council It’s an exciting time around our office, and we are certainly glad to welcome Milo. Our families were part of the eastern North Carolina community that showed livestock throughout our region and beyond, with many fond memories. We’ve worked together closely over the past few years, and now we have even more opportunities to advocate for the beef cattle industry together. I’m excited to see what we can accomplish with our efforts and feel that Casey, Kim, Milo, and I will serve you well.

In 2007, I came on board the N.C. Cattlemen’s Beef Council, and in 2008, Bryan Blinson rejoined our staff as executive director. I knew Bryan from a distance as a young person, recalling his

Have you forgotten something?

Make sure your cattlemen friends are members of your state association!

PAGE 14

family as a fellow show cattle family that always included Mr. Keith, Mrs. Peggy, and Mrs. Beth. With under a year of working for the Beef Council, I was still learning quite a bit about the organization, and we were glad he was taking the reins.

Bryan came into the fold at a critical time in our organization. We were not in the best situation, and we certainly needed direction. He jumped in without hesitation and began to right the ship. He brought a positive outlook that we desperately needed. He brought leadership without micromanagement and skillfully navigated critical situations to change minds without ruffling feathers. I cannot count the times I witnessed him win over a concerned consumer who had read too much online.

I’ve learned so much from Bryan, and it hasn’t all been work related. Challenging scenarios that I thought could never be straightened out were with patience, listening first, and a forgiving attitude.

When faced with challenges, he always aims for the place where everyone gets a win. Most of the time, he helps while saving someone from embarrassment.

He is a skillful people reader, but above that, he comes from a place that shows he believes in the good in people.

As an employee, I knew I could reach out for help solving a problem, and I’d always have his backing. His outlook of let’s try something new, and if it doesn’t work, we can fix it, gave me the confidence to keep going.

When my children were babies and apt not to sleep, get the stomach bug, or an ear infection, I knew that Bryan understood and would grant me the flexibility to get my work done even if it wasn’t between 8:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m. If you have helped raise children, you know this is priceless. We’ve had many miles and windshield talks about work, life, and everything in between. His mentorship has been one of a kind.

We’ve also enjoyed a few thousand

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

work he’s done to put our organization in a great position, we are headed in the right direction.

We hope to see everyone at the end of this month in Hickory at the N.C. Cattle Conference. It may be Bryan’s last conference in this role, but he has undoubtedly raised the bar for the event and developed it into a fantastic experience for all. In true Bryan form, he won’t take credit for it though. When you see him, tell him anyway!

N.C. Cattle Industry Assessment and National Beef Checkoff Are you curious about the private treaty form you see when dropping your animals off at your processor? The N.C. Cattle Industry Assessment is the $1/head assessment that stays in our state to work in five program areas.

Education, Issues Management, Promotion, Research, and Youth are the areas that support is directed into. If you’ve attended a local meats workshop, N.C. Choices Meat Conference, or an extension field day, those events have been supported by the assessment. If you know of a young person involved in livestock judging, skillathon, or the N.C. Junior Beef Round-Up, they are also supported by the assessment.

We actively work with our representatives to educate them on the challenges and needs of beef cattle farms in our state. This falls under the Issues Management program area. We host legislative days, support Feed the Dialogue advocacy efforts, and more.

With research and education, we have supported numerous projects managed by the NCSU Beef Extension team. Topics have included forage management, reproduction, Beef Quality Assurance training, and more. The research findings have been shared at beef cattle field days and the N.C. Cattle Conference.

Promotion of beef to consumers is key to driving demand. We’ve used assessment dollars to augment the Beef Checkoff in promotions that reach thousands of consumers on YouTube, Spotify, Google, cooking channels on smart T.V., and more in North Carolina and the southeast.

The National Beef Checkoff began with the 1985 Farm Bill. It has long been known for the “Beef. It’s What’s for Dinner” tagline, which is the most recognized brand marketing effort. The Checkoff splits 50¢ to national efforts and 50¢ to state efforts to promote beef. Consumer information and education is the key focus.

As a small beef cattle state, North Carolina relies heavily on national efforts to reach audiences we normally can’t. The national team offers design services, nutrition speakers for our state dietetic association meetings, I.T. and web support for our websites, communications tools, photography and images, video, and more that we cannot produce here. If you are building a website or online presence for your beef business, the Checkoff provides fresh beef photography, prepared beef images, recipe ideas, and more for your customers. Check out Beefitswhatsfordinner.com as well as the social media accounts for marketing inspiration.

The National Beef Checkoff works with culinary influencers to produce reels on platforms such as Instagram and Facebook. By cooperating with notable chefs, we see how beef can be easily prepared and enjoyed in our homes. Our holiday and summer grilling campaigns raise awareness of new recipes and different cut preparations and showcase meal trends in an exciting way.

If we can help with your beef marketing efforts, please email ashley@ nccattle.com or give us a call at 919-552-9111.

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q FEBRUARY 2024

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Table 1. Weight of harvested organs from calves of heifers fed at 55 percent required nutrients (low) and 100% required nutrients (moderate)4.

By GRACIE HOWELL N.C. State University -- ANS 402 Beef Management

Your Calf is What Your Cow Eats — A Look at Fetal Programming What if one could improve the production of beef animals before they are even born? What if one could decrease their risk of respiratory disease and increase their reproductive performance before they ever hit the ground? What would this mean for the beef industry? In recent years, “fetal programming” has been an interesting area of research looking into how the maternal environment, especially the nutrients provided to the dam, can impact the long term productivity of her fetal calf through epigenetics.

Basic Bovine Fetal Development - To understand fetal programming in cattle, it is important to first have a general understanding of bovine fetal development. The majority of fetal calf growth (75 percent) occurs during the last two months of gestation. This does not mean that the dam’s nutrition during early and mid-gestation is not just as important.

During early gestation, placental development takes place, along with the development of many vital organs in the fetus, including the brain, lungs, and kidneys. During mid-gestation, muscle and adipose tissue is formed5. Therefore, it is critical that the dam receives closely monitored adequate nutrition throughout the entirety of her pregnancy. A failure of adequate nutrition in different stages of pregnancy can lead to the calf having an increased risk of respiratory disease, decreased reproductive performance, and decreased meat quality5.

Fetal Programming and Respiratory Disease - Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is very prevalent in the beef industry, especially among auction calves. Fetal programming has been seen to play a role in BRD susceptibility.

In a 2010 Long et al. study, it was discovered that fetal programming has a role in the size/weight of the trachea

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and lungs of offspring. Twenty Angus/ Hereford cross heifers were bred via artificial insemination and split into two groups. From day 32 of gestation through day 115 of gestation the control group was provided 100 percent of their NRC required nutrients, while the treatment group was provided with 55 percent of their NRC required nutrients. After day 115 of gestation, both groups were provided with 100 percent of their required nutrients. The results of this particular study did not show a difference in the birth weights or growth rates between the calves born between the two groups, but it did show a significant decrease in the weight of the trachea and lungs in the calves born to the heifers provided with 55 percent of their nutrient requirements during early to mid-gestation (Table 1). With the current knowledge of respiratory disease, it is easy to hypothesize that a calf with smaller lungs would be more susceptible to respiratory disease and its many complications5.

Fetal Programming and Reproductive Performance - The biggest concern in the beef industry, especially in the cow/calf sector, is reproductive performance. Fetal programming has also been found to play a role in reproduction. In a second study by Long et al., Angus/Gelbvieh cross cows were split into three groups of eight and fed different diets between day 45 and 185 of gestation. The control group was fed

100 percent of NRC required nutrients, one nutrient restricted group was fed 70 percent of required nutrients, and one nutrient restricted group was fed 70 percent of required nutrients plus a protein supplement. All cows were fed 100 percent of their nutrient requirements after day 185 of gestation. Again, Long et al. did not find any significant difference between birth weights or growth rates between the calves born between the three groups. However, the results did show a significant decrease in the size of the ovaries, and with the weight of present luteal tissue, belonging to the heifer calves born to both nutrient restricted groups as compared to the control group (Table 2). It is known that the ovaries, specifically the corpora lutea on the ovaries (luteal tissue), are involved in progesterone production. Progesterone is an important hormone for pregnancy maintenance. Knowing this, it can be hypothesized that smaller ovaries and the correspondingly decreased mass of luteal tissue may negatively impact reproductive performance5.

Fetal Programming and Meat Quality - With the end goal of the beef industry being to provide quality meat to consumers, the meat quality of beef animals is very important. A conglomeration of studies over the past ten years has shown that fetal programming can affect muscle fiber in size, number, and composition, along with meat tenderness and marbling

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Table 2. Weight of ovarian structures of calves born to cows fed at 100% required nutrients, 70% required nutrients, and 70% required nutrients plus a protein supplement3.

E.B.'s View from the Cow Pasture

By E.B. HARRIS

Annual Cattle Auction Figure 1. Effects of nutrient restriction throughout gestation on meat quality of calf 6.

(Figure 1). Studies have shown protein supplementation to dams during midgestation results in calves with higher muscle fiber count, greater ribeye area, increased skeletal muscle adipogenic potential (marbling), and possible increased birth weights2. Other studies have shown that both inadequate nutrition and over nutrition in dams during midgestation has an impact on the marbling and tenderness of their calves. Dams receiving inadequate protein during mid-gestation have produced calves with decreased intramuscular collagen content (increased meat tenderness).

On the other hand, over nourished dams produced calves with skeletal muscle collagen accumulations (decreased meat tenderness)2.

The knowledge of fetal programming can be an important tool in the beef industry, especially in the cow/calf sector, to improve the productivity of all beef animals. One big takeaway from the research on fetal programming is that adequate nutrition is extremely important throughout the entirety of gestation, not just the last two months when the fetal growth rate is the highest. Since fetal programming is still an up-andcoming area of research, it is important to note that many areas have plenty of room for further study, and this research may take time. Amanda Blair, a meat scientist at South Dakota State University, puts this best in her statement on fetal programming research: “There’s a lot of challenges to it, one is just the time it takes, especially working with beef cattle…these are epigenetic effects that can translate to the next generation, so those studies take an incredibly long amount of time.1” References 1 Angus TV “Fetal Programming: Beef Cows Eat for Two-or Three.” (2019) www.youtube.com 2 Costa, T.C., et al. “Fetal Programming in Ruminant Animals: Understanding the Skeletal Muscle Development to Improve Meat Quality.”

(2021) www.doi.org

Long, N.M., et al. “Effects of Earlyto Mid-Gestational Undernutrition with or without Protein Supplementation on Offspring Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Adipocyte Size in Beef cattle.” (2012) www.doi.org 4 Long, N.M., et al. “Effects of Nutrient Restriction of Bovine Dams during Early Gestation on Postnatal Growth, Carcass and Organ Characteristics, and Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue and muscle.”

(2010) www.doi.org 5 Moriel, Philipe.

“Fetal Programming: Cow Nutrition and Its Effects on Calf Performance: N.C. State Extension Publications.” (2016) www. content.ces.ncsu.edu 6 University News Release.

“Understanding Fetal Programming in Cattle.” (2020) www.drovers.com Have You Herd Article written as a portion of ANS 402 Beef Management course requirement at N.C. State University Department of Animal Science under the instruction of Dr. Carrie Pickworth. The opinions of Gracie Howell are not necessarily those of N.C. State University or Dr. Carrie Pickworth.

3

We have our annual cattle auction on the second Saturday in November at the Granville County Livestock Arena. At our annual cattle auction, we sell every cow on the farm that’s coming with her sixth calf. We also sell around 100 heifers.

Usually, 25 of these will have a calf at side. The cows that are coming with the sixth calf are bred to start calving the week after the sale, and the rest of the heifers are bred to calve starting the week after the sale. We also try to have a few donkeys on this sale aged 4½-5 months old. This year was no exception.

On the calves to be born, we offer a buy back program, which is a premium above the weekly market that week. One of the requirements is that they get double vaccinated for IBR, BVD, and blackleg and be weaned for a minimum of 60 days. I can tell you this upfront: 99 percent are put back in our herd for future use and retain ownership of steers that go to the feedyard.

The donkeys are usually at the end of the sale. The picture below represents an idea of what’s going on in this young man’s mind. Wesley is growing up around cattle. He is 3½ years old. He has been around donkeys but not up close. I can’t

tell you what is going through his mind, but those donkeys had his full, undivided attention when they came into the ring.

I will tell you this: if he pays attention to them as he grows up in life, they will give him an education that cannot be duplicated in any classroom in any school. It’s by learning and doing.

What the future holds for this young man only the future knows, but today, at the annual auction, he had his mind on studying donkeys.

Who is mesmerized the most...Wesley or the donkeys?

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The Carolina Cattle Connection

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The

Chaplain’s Corral

By DAVE HARVEY Chaplain, Cowboys for Christ

First Love Revelation 2:1-5 - “To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: These are the words of him who holds the seven stars in his right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands: I know your deeds, your hard work, and your perseverance. I know that you cannot tolerate wicked men, that you have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not and have found them false. You have persevered and have endured hardships for my name and have not grown weary.

Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken your first love.”

Jesus Christ was speaking to the Apostle John, and He started off with the strongest and most active group: the church at Ephesus. In fact, this group of believers was known as the greatest New Testament church of that era. They were a model group of believers and should have been because the Apostle Paul started this church and spent almost three years there during his ministry. He then instilled in his understudy, the young Timothy, the desire to be the pastor in his later years of ministry. The Apostle John himself also served as the pastor of this flock for a time in his life before he was exiled to Patmos. We are introduced to this church and the details of this church by our Lord in our text as He starts off by commending this group of believers and telling them that He knows of their “deeds, your hard work, and your perseverance” and that they were strong in their stand against wickedness and false teachers. He also commends them for enduring hardships and persecution and remaining faithful to His name.

But all of these good points seem to fade in the background as the Lord exposes their inward weakness and indifference. They had put on a good show to the locals, but they had certainly not fooled the master of their souls.

He came right out and declared them guilty of forgetting why they were even there as a part of the body of believers of Jesus Christ. They had forgotten the truths of the very things that the Apostle Paul had commended another body of

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believers, of which I have added my emphasis on the focus that he addressed in 1 Thessalonians 1:3 - “We continually remember before our God and Father your work produced by faith (in our Lord Jesus Christ), your labor prompted by love (in our Lord Jesus Christ), and your endurance inspired by hope in our Lord Jesus Christ.” The church at Ephesus was doing the work, the religious acts, but they had forgotten the Lord Jesus Christ because He is the reason for it all and should have been foremost in the hearts, minds, and souls of those in the Church of Ephesus.

So, we now know that the “first love” of the church, the body of believers at Ephesus, had not only grown cold but had actually been forsaken, left behind, discarded, or thrown away. This body of believers had forgotten why they were where they were as children of God. They had forgotten the love of God the Father, they had forgotten the love of the Son, and in doing so, they had lost the loving power of the Holy Spirit. They had forsaken the truth of the good news of Jesus Christ and were working on religion instead of spiritual growth. They had lost the strength of the power of God’s love, and most importantly, they had forsaken their love for their Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. They had abandoned and forsaken their love for their Lord and Savior.

Many religious groups today seem to have “forsaken their first love,” too. You may have seen this posted around “I love my church,” and I have seen this sign in yards and on car windows or bumper stickers a number of times, and I feel that they have missed the main point, too. The proper wording should be, “I LOVE MY LORD,” and I enjoy being in the body of believers that HE has blessed me to be a part of. Cowboys and cowgirls, we need to get serious about our walk with the Lord Jesus Christ and especially about our love for Him. We need to be more like the great King David, as he states in Psalm 18:1 - “I love you, O Lord, my strength.” And we need to seek Him daily and declare our love for Him, for He is

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our Lord, He is our Savior and the Son of God, and He is King of Kings and Lord of Lords, and we need to love Him as He tells us in Mark 12:30 - “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength.” That’s the “first love” that Jesus Christ has declared that the believers in Ephesus had forsaken, but what about you today?

What is “first love?” What are the elements, the traits, the attitudes, the feelings, and the focus of “first love?”

I like to call it the “joy of Jesus” as it is the excitement, the passion, the energy to your very soul, which is added to your commitment, dedication, awe inspired worship, and adoration to your Savior, your Lord, and your King. That is about as good of a definition of “first love,” as I can express, and you should feel that love as you mount up and ride for Him because He is worthy. He is so very worthy and beyond worthy. Our cry should be like the Psalmist in Psalm 116:1 - “I love the Lord, for he heard my voice; he heard my cry for mercy.”

The believers of Ephesus were going through the motions, and they were sitting in their special places every Sunday morning, and maybe other functions during the week, but they had forgotten the one who had made it all possible. They were serious about their serving, but they had let their love for the Lord they wanted to serve grow cold.

The great Bible scholar Warren Wiersbe made the profound statement that we all should take to heart; “It is only as we love Christ fervently that we can serve Him faithfully.” It appears that the fervent love of the Ephesus church had grown cold; they had lost their zeal, and the joy of Jesus had been set aside and replaced with religious traditions.

I don’t know about you, but I don’t want my Savior and my Lord to have to ask me three times, “Do you love me?” as He did Peter in John 21:17 - “The third time he said to him, “Simon son of John, do you love me?” Our love for Jesus Christ should be the major influence in every decision that we make in our lives. Our love for our Lord should be the motivating factor in all of our ministry works to Him. Our love for our King should set the standard of every personal commitment and every public declaration in all that we say, do, or plan in our lives.

Our “first love” should be easily seen and easily recognized by those around us as we live and work in this world, and we should set a pattern with the motto; “Jesus first because I love Him” in everything we say and do for His honor, glory, and gainful service.

Again, I ask, “What about you?”

Is your love for your Savior and Lord foremost in your life? Do you express your love for Him in your words and actions to others and especially to Him? You can renew your “first love” to your Lord today! You can declare your love to Him as you bow before the King of Kings and Lord of Lords. You can recommit your joy to Him; you can rekindle your “first love” to Jesus Christ, becoming alive and well, with the focus of your first love to Him. He told the Ephesus church how, and it will surely work for us today in Revelation 2:5 - “Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first.” Would you like to redeclare your “first love” to Him today and make the commitment to keep that love first and foremost in your life?

Drop to your knees and tell Him and let Him see it in your life and service to Him. God bless you as you seek to serve the Lord.

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You Decide!

By DR. MIKE WALDEN William Neal Reynolds Distinguished Professor Emeritus N.C. State University

You Decide: Why Stop at an Inflation Rate Target of 2%? At their recent meeting, the leaders of the Federal Reserve (Fed) indicated they would likely reduce their key policy interest rate in 2024, perhaps multiple times. If the Fed indeed does this, most interest rates in the economy would also drop.

This would especially be good news for households wanting to borrow for big ticket purchases, like homes, vehicles, appliances, and furniture. Lower interest rates would also boost economic growth.

The Fed began raising its key interest rate in early 2022 in an attempt to stop the surging inflation rate, which peaked at a year-over-year rate of 9.1 percent in June 2022. Results show the Fed is succeeding.

The most recent year-over-year inflation rate for November came in at 3.1 percent.

The Fed has stated on numerous occasions that its goal is an annual inflation rate of 2 percent. This is close to the inflation rate prior to the pandemic.

However, the Fed’s stated goal raises the obvious question: Why stop at a 2 percent inflation rate? Why not go to zero price inflation, or even better, why not have a goal of negative inflation, meaning prices are falling?

These are excellent questions. In today’s column, let me try to explain why the Fed wouldn’t want to pursue a zero or negative inflation rate, and then let you decide if the Fed’s reasoning makes sense.

The first reason is based on the Fed’s mandate. Congress has directed the Fed to use its tools to accomplish two goals — keeping the economy growing fast enough to maintain low unemployment while also keeping the inflation rate low.

One of the major tools the Fed uses to meet these goals is moving interest rates up and down.

If, as we’ve seen recently, the inflation rate is too high, the Fed will use its power to raise interest rates and slow growth in the economy. As the economy slows and spending moderates, upward pressure on prices will be curtailed.

We’ve seen this result in recent years.

Conversely, if the economy is growing too slowly, or even more

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importantly, if the economy is near or already in a recession, the Fed will lower interest rates. We saw this action during the two most recent recessions, the COVID-19 downturn and the downturn during the housing crash in the late 2000s.

Yet, there’s a potential problem with this policy if the inflation rate is very low: a link between the inflation rate and interest rates. Because lenders must receive payments high enough to compensate for inflation, inflation and interest rates move together. That is, if the inflation rate is low, interest rates will also be low. If the inflation rate is higher, interest rates will be higher.

The problem is, if inflation is very low — for example, near zero or even negative — then the Fed won’t have much room to lower interest rates to counter a recession. During the tech recession of 2001 and the housing crash recession of 2007-2009, the Fed pushed its key interest rate down five percentage points. This wouldn’t have been possible if, for example, the inflation rate was zero and interest rates were 3 percent.

The second concern about very low inflation comes when the inflation rate goes into negative territory, meaning average prices are falling. On the surface, most would expect negative inflation — technically called deflation — would be a good thing. But actually, economists argue deflation can lead to bad things, such as a recession.

How so? There are two possible adverse results. First, if consumers observe prices falling, they may reasonably expect the price declines to continue. This expectation could motivate consumers to delay buying products now with the thought the products will be cheaper later. Of course, delays can’t occur for all products, such as necessities like food and energy, but they could result in big reductions in sales of homes, furniture, vehicles, and other large purchases. Since consumer spending accounts for 70 percent of the economy, a significant reduction in spending due to falling prices could ironically bring about a recession.

For businesses and their workers,

falling prices create a second type of problem. Let’s say prices are dropping by 5 percent. For a representative company, this means the price of the company’s product is down 5 percent. It also means the prices of inputs the company uses are falling 5 percent.

But what about labor costs? Will workers be happy with a 5 percent cut in their pay? From a company’s point of view, if everything costs 5 percent less, workers won’t be harmed by a 5 percent wage cut. Still, the psychology of a pay cut — even if it doesn’t reduce workers’ standards of living — will likely cause many workers to resist. The result may be mass firings, disruption of production, and economic turmoil: in short, a recession.

There is a final concern many readers will discard, but it does carry some significance. The concern is flaws in the measurement of inflation that result in the inflation rate being overestimated — that is, being higher than it actually is. Due to the challenge of adjusting prices for product improvements and even for new products, research suggests the official annual inflation rate overstates the actual rate by one percentage point.

Hence, another reason for an inflation target rate of 2 percent is to prevent the actual rate from being close to zero or even negative.

So, what do you think? Is there a case for targeting the inflation rate at 2 percent, as the Fed is doing? Are there legitimate reasons for doing this? Or should the Fed go further and attempt to move the inflation rate to zero or even to a negative rate? You decide.

You Decide: Are Living Costs and Inflation Lower in N.C.? Although the inflation rate leveled off in 2023, according to polls, it is still a big issue for people. Just to remind you, when it is said the inflation rate is ‘down,’ this doesn’t mean the average price level is falling. Instead, it means most prices are still rising, just at a slower pace. Indeed, the Federal Reserve’s goal is not to cause prices to fall but instead to have the average price level increase at about 2 percent annually.

Generally, the numbers we see in the news about inflation are measuring the inflation rate for the country. In today’s column, I want to bring the inflation rate closer to home by discussing two topics related to prices.

One: What is the cost of living in North Carolina compared to the nation?

When analyzing the same living standard in North Carolina to other states as well as to the nation, is the cost of living lower or higher? That is, if consumers purchase the same type and quantity of products and services, is the total cost higher or

lower in North Carolina than elsewhere?

The second topic addresses how the cost of that ‘market basket’ of products and services has recently changed in North Carolina relative to the nation. This is simply a more elaborate way of asking how the inflation rate in North Carolina compares to the national inflation rate.

There’s good news for the comparative cost of living in North Carolina. Data from the federal government for 2022 – the latest available – show the cost of the same products and services bought by a typical household was 5.8% lower in North Carolina compared to the nation. Among the 50 states and the District of Columbia, North Carolina had the 23rd lowest cost of living. Washington, D.C., California, and Hawaii were the most expensive states, while Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas were the least costly.

Two expenditure items are driving North Carolina’s relatively lower cost of living. The first is the cost of housing, which is 18 percent lower than the national cost. A big reason is that the percentage of North Carolinians living in rural regions of the state is more than twice as high as in the nation. The cost of housing is typically much lower in rural areas than in cities due to lower population densities and less expensive land. When more people are competing for housing and land in urban areas, both land and housing costs rise.

Government data show the second factor helping North Carolina have a more moderate cost of living is education services, which are 10 percent under the national average. A major cause is the relatively low tuition and fee costs of North Carolina’s public universities compared to similar institutions in other states.

However, the good news is that North Carolina’s relative cost of living has been better. In 2005, the first year the federal government published the state cost of living data, North Carolina’s cost of living was 11 percent lower than the national average. This is a discount almost twice as great as in 2022. Hence, although living in North Carolina is still a relative bargain, the bargain is not as great as it used to be.

What happened? There’s an easy answer – growth happened. During the last two decades, North Carolina has been one of the fastest growing states in the nation. Both North Carolina’s population and economy have expanded, driving up the cost of real estate. More people and businesses competing for the same amount of land inevitably pushes up land and structure costs. This is one of the downsides of a growing state.

Now, on to the second topic – how North Carolina’s recent inflation rate compares to the national inflation rate.

Using the most recent data for 2021 and 2022 and measuring the annual inflation rate from December 2021 to December 2022, the national rate was 6.5 percent. For the same time period, North Carolina’s inflation rate came in just a little over 6.5 percent.

Hence, the news on both topics – North Carolina’s relative cost of living and relative inflation rate – can be read as positive. But will it remain this way?

A big reason why it may not is the forecast for North Carolina’s population.

North Carolina’s 2023 population was estimated at 10.8 million. The forecast for 2050 is 14 million, a 30 percent increase.

In contrast, the nation’s population is expected to increase 15 percent – half the North Carolina rate – from 2023-2050.

While having more people in the state is good for many reasons – greater business opportunities, expanded innovation, more workers, increased variety, and enhanced national prominence – one negative could be increased costs, particularly for housing.

This could cause North Carolina’s below average cost of living to gradually disappear and its annual inflation rate to exceed the nation’s. Consequently, as North Carolina grows, strategies for reducing the adverse impacts on living costs, such as directing more growth to lower cost rural areas, will become more important.

There are many wonderful reasons for living and working in North Carolina, with one being a lower cost of living.

But how long will our lower living costs last, and what can be done to prolong this advantage? You decide.

G&E Virginia

Premium Assured Heifer Sale Saturday • March 30, 2024 • 12:30 pm SUPERIOR GENETICS, GROWTH, & PERFORMANCE

SELLING 75 - 100

Angus based, mostly black Bred Commercial Heifers, Commercial Spring Pairs, & Bred Cows

** All females are A.I. serviced prior to clean up ** All females are from leading Southside breeders

For more information, contact: Buddy Shelton - 434-251-7149 • Graham Winn - 434-251-1766 George Winn - 434-489-4458 • Mike McDowell - 434-575-4850

To register for the conference call, contact Karen Shelton • 434-203-0288

Online bidding through Cowbuyer.com, contact: Aaron Ray Tompkins • 336-363-4639

Auctioneer - Gary Vance • 540-622-4889 The Carolina Cattle Connection

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Cattle for Sale Private Treaty

A Selection of Bulls, as well as Cows & Bred Heifers Visit www.doublejfarmllc.com for more information on offerings from these herdsires!

Innisfail 66128 42H

DJF Demo Providence B284

John Wheeler 25 Years of Providing “Quality Cattle for Quality People” 4B FARMS, LLC

Shelby, NC Bryson Westbrook Ed Soto (Manager) 980-230-4868 - Bryson 704-974-1407 - Ed brysonw@thewestbrookco.com

BLINSON POLLED HEREFORDS

Lenoir, NC Keith & Peggy Blinson - 828-310-4526 Bryan & Beth Blinson - 919-422-9108

DOUBLE J FARM

Traphill, NC • Earlysville, VA John Wheeler 910-489-0024 doublejfarmllc@yahoo.com www.doublejfarmllc.com

E. CARROLL JOYNER BEEF UNIT Raleigh, NC Matt Morrison 716-720-0227

FIVE J’S BEEF & CATTLE COMPANY Clayton, NC Jody & Angela Standley Kim Prestwood (Manager) 828-320-7317 - Kim jodystandley@gmail.com

HEREFORD HILLS

Greensboro, NC Bill Kirkman III 336-382-9635 ST Genetics Representative

LOOKABILL FAMILY LIVESTOCK

Lexington, NC Reggie, Patty, Tyler & Noah Lookabill 336-240-2142 rlookabill6015@gmail.com

McCOY CATTLE FARM Cove City, NC Myron & Charlie McCoy 252-229-4602 mccoycattlefarms@gmail.com

Cell - 910-489-0024 Email - doublejfarmllc@yahoo.com Website - www.doublejfarmllc.com Farm Location - 2296 N. Lomax Road • Traphill, NC Home - 775 Clacton Circle • Earlysville, VA

MITCHEM’S FARM 3C

QUAIL RIDGE FARM

NORTH PINO LAND & CATTLE COMPANY

TAYLOR’S MILL FARM

Vale, NC Wayne, Crystal, Regan & Jordan Mitchem 704-472-4369 mitchemsfarm@bellsouth.net

Mocksville, NC Kevin Robinson 336-940-2547 kevrob1@aol.com

Rutherfordton, NC Mark Brewer 828-329-2074 markbrewer65@gmail.com Zebulon, NC J. Brent Creech 919-801-7561 tmfherefords@icloud.com

TERRACE FARM

LOVE FARMS

Lexington, NC Jim, Linda & Chad Davis 336-247-1554 jgdavis101@yahoo.com

P and J FARMS

TRIPLETT POLLED HEREFORDS

Blowing Rock, NC Jim Love 828-266-1458 cell • 828-295-4236 Monroe, NC Andy Smith 704-400-3436 pandjfarmsherefords@gmail.com

PRESTWOOD BEEF CATTLE Lenoir, NC Kim & Lori Prestwood 828-320-7317 - Kim 828-432-7434 - Lori brownloriclyde@yahoo

Statesville, NC James Triplett 704-902-2250 triplettmarble@bellsouth.net

W&A HEREFORD FARM

Providence, NC George, Tammy, William, & Andy Ward 434-251-3637 gwwardjr@comcast.net

WILL-VIA POLLED HEREFORDS Check out the

North Carolina Hereford Advantage at

www.nchereford.com

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Myron McCoy

N.C. Hereford Association Secretary/Treasurer

252-637-4995 ncherefordassociation@gmail.com www.nchereford.com

Mooresville NC Lavette Teeter 704-662-5262

Double J Farm — Celebrating 25 Years

By JOHN WHEELER Double J Farm Double J Farm is the culmination of a dream to own and operate a Hereford ranch. This mission has not changed, which is to raise quality polled Herefords that produce excellent results for commercial and seedstock producers.

This is recognized by the American Hereford Association, which has named Double J Farm a Gold TPR Breeder numerous times. The farm also had a Sire of Distinction, three Dams of Distinction, and three CHM Sires of Distinction. We breed, raise, and sell excellent bulls, open and bred heifers, and cows for cattle buyers who want to expand or establish their Hereford farm or ranch. The balance of our buyers wants the hybrid vigor from our bulls to produce a baldy cow or increase their production by having bigger steers to market and receive a higher price — most of our buyers like the calmness in our cattle. The cattle produced at Double J Farm need to calve easily, grow fast, have a good disposition, and meet the special needs of the buyer.

Does the buyer sell at weaning? Does the buyer want to raise replacement cows?

Does the buyer want to retain ownership and sell the beef retail? Whatever the buyer is looking to do with the animal they are purchasing, it is our task to understand the goals and match the right animal to each buyer. All our cows and bred heifers are matched using the AHA’s matching system to prevent inbreeding.

The dream was inspired by my grandfather, a commercial Hereford rancher in Texas, whom I wanted to follow. As life takes twists and turns, I was able to purchase my first cattle ranch in February 1998 and my first Hereford cows in March. Even though I had a B.S. in animal husbandry from Texas Tech University, I had a lot to learn. Bladen County, N.C., was the location for the first ranch, and the late Le Roy Register was my herdsman and friend who kept everything moving in the right direction.

Double J Farm started with three cows, and now we breed about 50 at our location in Traphill, North Carolina. The real story is about all the people who helped us along the way: Dr. Jim Greene, Dr. Matt Poore, Becky Spearman, Ron Howard, Dr. Truman Sanner, DVM of Rock Creek Vet Service, Dale Stith, and Tommy Coley. A special thank you to Aaron Linville, my herdsman for the past 17 years, who knows what to do and does it!

The people who have purchased our cattle have made it possible for us to continue to grow, and I appreciate each one. There are numerous buyers who have bought multiple bulls from us over the years, and each person is cherished.

On several occasions, Double J Farm was able to supply a good set of cows or heifers to help someone establish or grow their herd, and that is a real treat.

The complete cattle operation is based on the grass. When the ranch was purchased, about 40 acres was Kentucky-31, 30 in corn, and 40 in woods. The first thing we did was take soil samples, which is still done every year. Once the soil test results are received, we fertilize and lime to the levels recommended. Back in the beginning, all of Kentucky-31 was killed and replanted with Max Q Fescue and most of the corn land. The trees on 14 acres and 14 acres of cornland were sprigged with Midland 99 bermuda. This process took three to four years because we first tried to seed the bermuda. During the past 15 years, some paddocks have needed to be touched up by reseeding. Dr. Matt Poore and a team from N.C. State came to the farm in the summer of 2023 and evaluated the status of the endophyte free fescue. The results of the study found the paddocks 66-99 percent still endophyte free. The farm is divided into 14 fescue and 8 bermuda pastures. We are working on three paddocks to improve them after the evaluation.

Since the original purchase, 12 acres have been purchased and seeded with endophyte free fescue. The ranch now has 68 acres of fescue and 28 acres in bermuda. The grazing plan is to put the cows on the bermuda from about June 1 to the middle of October. These cows have all weaned their calves in late March or early April and are preparing to calve in September and October. Once the cow calves, she is moved to a fescue pasture. When the pastures are gone, they are moved into large feedlots with trees, water, minerals, unlimited hay, and supplemental feed as needed. While in the feedlot, they have access to dormant bermuda pasture, and pasture exposure is in full swing. Then, once the pastures come back in March or early April, the cows return to the fescue.

The breeding season starts around November 20-27 and ends about January 22. All the cows are set up to A.I. by

observation, and then the cows are put with their bull in about four days. Most of the time, 70-78 percent are bred A.I., and 70 percent are safe to the A.I. date. The cows have a heat detector patch on them at turn in and after 30 days from the A.I. date they are preg checked by the vet. The cows that are bred by the bull are checked as early as 28 days, but it can be longer as we recheck the cows previously called safe at about 60 days. The last check is at weaning, usually with a blood test.

The health protocol for all the cattle is basically the same, with extra steps for different needs. The whole herd is treated with Ultraboss monthly to control ticks, flies, and lice. Back rubs are up year round using mineral oil and permectrin, except for the herd bulls and cows during breeding season. Fly tags are used from May to November and changed in August. All the cattle receive Triangle 10 and Calvary 9, with the cows being vaccinated about 60 days before calving and the heifers being bred 60 days before breeding.

The herd bulls receive the shots about 60 days before they turn out, and any bulls for sale. All calves also receive T-10 and Calvary 9 at four months, with a booster three weeks later. When a calf is born, it receives iodine on its navel, weighed, tagged, and a selenium shot. All the heifers are given a brucellosis shot between four and eight months. During the month of May, all the cattle are inoculated against pink eye using a product made

by Rocky Creek Vet Service. The calves on any cattle purchased receive a second dose in three weeks. All the calves are dewormed in the spring with Long Range and once again in the fall with a pour on which is rotated. The cows and bulls under 24 months are also treated for worms. Any cattle purchased are tested for anaplasmosis, BVD, and Johne’s. Once a

year in the fall, all animals two and over are tested for anaplasmosis. The calves are tested for BVD. The mineral program is based on using Vitaferm products. From March to July, Vitaferm with heat and fly control is used. From August to November, Concept Aid with heat and fly control is used, and from December to March, Concept Aid is the product. In 2022, we bred 59 cows and heifers, resulting in 56 calves and 55 pregnancies for 93 percent.

Marketing is mostly done by private treaty with different outlets for the various outcomes of the cattle. Bulls are sold off the farm with the aid of our website at www.DoubleJFarmLLC.com, which has led us to sales in Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and Tennessee.

In addition to the bulls, we have sold cows in Ohio, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. We also utilize state sales in North Carolina, Virginia, South Carolina, and East Tennessee to market our breeding stock.

The older cows that need to be culled and some bulls that fail at BSE are sold to buyers. These buyers use them for hamburgers or their own retail sales. This market is a result of selling our steers and culled heifers to a buyer who purchases the feeder calves between 1,000-1,100 pounds. He then harvests the cattle and sells them through his retail beef business.

This is the story of Double J Farm celebrating 25 years of owning and managing a seed stock Polled Hereford ranch. The joy of having a lifetime dream fulfilled is truly amazing. Anytime you want to talk about Herefords, our phone number is 910-489-0024, or contact us by email at doublejfarmllc@yahoo.com. You can also find information about Double J Farm LLC on our website at www. doublejfarmllc.com.

BE A WINNER!

Join your local cattlemen’s association AND your state or regional breed association.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

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Scenes from DOUBLE J FARM

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Scenes from DOUBLE J FARM

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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North Carolina Angus Association ANGUS MEANS BUSINESS Backed by the world’s largest and most reliable genetic evaluation program.

Registered Angus genetics genetics deliver deliver better calving ease, more growth, and superior marbling.

4K FARMS Richard D. Kirkman, DVM Siler City 919-742-5500 • rdkirkman@spectrum.net BACK CREEK Joe & Robin Hampton Mt. Ulla 704-880-2488 (Joe); 704-880-3572 (Robin) robinbackcreek@att.net Facebook: Back Creek Angus BILTMORE ESTATE Kyle Mayberry - Manager Asheville 828-768-1956 • livestock@biltmore.com www.biltmorelivestock.com CARSON FAMILY FARM, LLC John, Callie, Isaac & J.R. Carson Laurel Springs 336-818-9087 • carsonfamilyfarm@gmail.com CHAPMAN CATTLE COMPANY Bryant Chapman Taylorsville 828-514-0526 https://.m.facebook.com/chapmancattleco FOUR S FARMS Kim & Connie and Jason & Robin Starnes Luther Lyerly - Manager Salisbury 704-640-5875 • kim-4sfarms@carolina.rr.com GENTRY HOMEPLACE ANGUS Howard & Donna Gentry King 336-413-6698 • whgentry@windstream.net GRAGG FARMS Paul, Chris & David Gragg Boone 828-268-4136 (Paul); 828-268-4137 (Chris) 828-268-4135 (David) gragg_farms@hotmail.com H&H FARMS Buddy & Jennifer Hamrick - Owners Bly Hamrick - Manager Boiling Springs 704-472-1912 • jennham@bellsouth.net HI-LO FARMS, LLC William “Monty” & Kate Reichert Fuquay-Varina 919-717-1903 HILL ANGUS FARM Dr. Gary M. Hill Hendersonville 229-848-3695 • gmhill@uga.edu

Cortney Holshouser

NCAA Executive Secretary 919-796-2346 ncaa.sec@gmail.com www.ncangus.org

JACK KNOB FARMS Karl, Janet & Logan Gillespie Franklin 828-371-2220 • karl@jackknobfarms.com www.jackknobfarms.com JENKINS ANGUS FARM Jaime & Christy Jenkins Marshall 828-206-1345 • jenkinsangusfarm@gmail.com KNOLL CREST FARM The Bennett Family Red House,VA 434-376-3567 • knollcrestfarm@knollcrestfarm.com www.knollcrestfarm.com LANE ANGUS Roger & Bundy Lane Bundy Lane - Manager Gates 252-398-7705 (Bundy); 252-398-7719 (Miranda) 252-357-1279 (Office) bundylane@hughes.net; laneangusbeef@gmail.com www.laneangusbeef.com N.C. State University - E. Carroll Joyner Beef Unit Matt Morrison - Manager Raleigh 716-720-0227 • mdmorri8@ncsu.edu PANTHER CREEK FARMS John C. Smith, Jr. Pink Hill 252-526-1929 • johnsmith3982@embarqmail.com S&J Farms Steven & Julie Lung Nathan Lung - Manager Carthage 910-947-3414 • sandjfarms2013@gmail.com SMITH CREEK ANGUS FARM Marty & Lynne Rooker Norlina 252-213-1553 • mrooker@mrookerlaw.com SPRINGFIELD ANGUS Phil Goodson Louisburg 919-880-9062 • philgoodson2@gmail.com www.springfieldangus.com TRIPLE LLL ANGUS Greg Little Monroe 704-219-1294 • greg.little@atimetals.com VANDEMARK ANGUS Keaton & Janie Vandemark Spring Hope 252-885-0210 • keaton@vandemarkfarms.com WINDY HILL FARMS, LLC Michael A. Moss Will Moss - Manager Ramseur 336-460-7451 • windyhillfarmsllc@gmail.com WINSLOW GENETICS Ben & Kathleen Winslow Halifax 252-578-5487 • bensbulls@gmail.com WOOD ANGUS FARM, LLC Russell Wood Willow Spring 919-275-4397 • rwood4400@gmail.com www.woodangus.com

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

ANGUS NEWS The survey says: Angus genetics provide value through supply chain.

Angus Media and CattleFax gather insights on current management and future intentions of cow/calf and feedlot sectors. What do commercial cattlemen pay for bulls, and how does that correlate to calf value? Are commercial herds planning to rebuild? What incentivizes feedlots to buy — and to pay a premium — on a set of calves?

The short answers are $4,467, and it increases; yes; and everything from feed conversion to genetic merit. But the detailed answers are available by reading Industry Insights powered by Angus Media and CattleFax. The report is an executive summary of two industrywide surveys conducted to gauge industry sentiment toward Angus genetics and to gain insight into the future structure of the industry.

Clay Zwilling, Angus Media president, shared the results on November 5 during an Angus University session at the 2023 Angus Convention in Orlando, Florida.

“Ultimately, the goal is to prepare and meet the needs of Angus members as we go on into the future of the business,” said Zwilling, adding that this first effort provides benchmark data. Future iterations will identify trends.

CattleFax administered the surveys to ensure an industrywide sampling and to prevent any breed bias. The cow/ calf portion was conducted as part of CattleFax’s 2023 Annual Cow/Calf Survey and found a majority of producers believe genetics have improved in the last decade for multiple traits, such as carcass, growth, calving ease, maternal traits, and structure and function.

CattleFax analysts conducted phone interviews to complete the extensive feedlot survey, where respondents represent 3.32 million head of cattle on feed. Almost 60 percent of those feedyard owners are 60 or older, indicating significant turnover in management in that sector in the coming years.

“As that demographic changes, we may see shifts in cattle procurement and what they place value on,” Zwilling says.

Some of the results aren’t surprising, Zwilling acknowledged, offering, for example, the preference for black Angus genetics at both the cow/calf and feedlot levels. Industry Insights data also gets at

some intriguing details as to why.

A lot of times, we make assumptions based on our perceptions, he said. “It’s always good to back it up with research like this.”

Asked what role genetics play in purchasing decisions, 37 percent of feeders responded they pay attention to hide color, while 35 percent said breed composition, 11 percent noted sires, and nearly 9 percent said they pay attention to genetic merit predictors.

“This is an opportunity to know and look for what our folks are interested in purchasing and how we can grow that,” he said.

Zwilling shares more from the Industry Insights surveys and how cattlemen can use the results to inform their decisions in the December 13 episode of Angus at Work, a podcast for profit minded cattlemen. Produced by the Angus Beef Bulletin, the podcast features information on health, nutrition, genetics, management, and marketing and is available on most popular podcast platforms.

To view the full 52 page Industry Insights report, find the “Marketing Materials” tab at www.angus.org/ AngusProductions/Salebooks.

Watch for the Industry Insights logo in the Angus Journal, Angus Beef Bulletin, Angus Beef Bulletin EXTRA, and social platforms as the Angus team helps break down the data throughout the coming year.

2024 Angus Foundation Heifer Package sells for $52,500. Express Ranches of Oklahoma purchases bred heifer Yon Sarah K1233 at the National Angus Bull Sale in Oklahoma City.

Express Ranches of Yukon, Oklahoma, purchased the Angus Foundation Heifer Package on January 5 for $52,500 to continue the legacy of the Angus breed.

The package, donated by Yon Family Farms of Ridge Spring, S.C., led off the National Angus Bull Sale during Cattlemen’s Congress in Oklahoma City.

Since 1980, the heifer package has been sold to generate unrestricted funds to further its mission of supporting education, youth, and research for the breed.

Yon Family Farms generously donated Yon Sarah K1233 (AAA *20450734) for the 2024 Angus Foundation Heifer Package. The bred heifer is a maternal sister to both Yon

Top Cut G730 (AAA +*19476453) and Yon Saluda (AAA +*20336998).

Yon Sarah K1233 is safe in calf to Yon Toccoa F1054 (AAA +*19306162), with an anticipated due date of March 21, 2024. The heifer package also includes an Advanced Reproductive Technology Package from Trans Ova Genetics, trucking to the buyer donated by Lathrop Livestock Transportation, and 30 days of mortality insurance donated by Jeanne Conover, Livestock Insurance Agent with Conover Auction Service.

Yon Family Farms is a first generation seedstock operation whose focus is to provide high quality, value added cattle to satisfied customers. They aim for their customers to believe that honesty, quality, service, and value are synonymous with their name.

“We just appreciate the opportunity to give back in a small way,” said Kevin Yon. Kevin and Lydia Yon started the operation in 1996 and now work alongside their three children, Sally, Drake, and Corbin, who each returned to

the farm after attending college. The Yons host both a spring and fall production sale, selling around 425 registered Angus bulls and 200 females annually.

“The Yon family brought us an incredible female to offer for this year’s heifer package,” said Jaclyn Boester, Angus Foundation executive director. “Their generosity, coupled with the incredible support from Express Ranches, will help us continue creating opportunities for the next generation.”

Funds raised through the sale of the heifer package will benefit the Angus Fund, which provides unrestricted dollars to further the Foundation’s mission of education, youth, and research. The Foundation supports a diverse set of efforts focused on ensuring a bright future for the breed. Academic scholarships, leadership conferences, and cutting edge research are among the many programs sustained by the Angus Fund.

The Angus Foundation Heifer Package has raised more than $2.9 million since the inception of the program. For more information about the Angus Foundation

or the annual Angus Foundation Heifer Package Sale, visit AngusFoundation.org.

About the Angus Foundation.

Established as a 501(c)(3) organization in 1980, the Angus Foundation remains focused on its mission to support Angus education, youth, and research. The organization has distributed more than $4.2 million in youth scholarships since 1998 and has also invested more than $1.3 million in beef cattle research in the past decade. For more information, contact the Angus Foundation at 816-383-5100.

Angus Means Business. The

The Carolina Cattle Connection

American Angus Association is the nation’s largest beef breed organization, serving more than 22,000 members across the United States, Canada, and several other countries. It’s home to an extensive breed registry that grows by more than 300,000 animals each year. The Association also provides programs and services to farmers, ranchers, and others who rely on Angus to produce quality genetics for the beef industry and quality beef for consumers. For more information about Angus cattle and the American Angus Association, visit www.angus.org.

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Moldy Feed, Mycotoxins, and the Risk to Beef Cattle

By BRYAN SANDERSON Alltech Beef animals can be at risk for mycotoxin related health issues. Why haven’t we given more thought to mycotoxin risk in beef cattle? Other animal industries have long recognized the risk, but it’s often overlooked in the beef industry. However, that narrative seems to have changed somewhat over the past few years, as better testing methods have revealed more mycotoxins and as producers better understand the negative impact mycotoxins can have on beef animals.

Mycotoxins can be found in feedstuffs often fed to beef cattle. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain types of molds (fungi), with some of the more common ones being from the Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Claviceps families. Although the process isn’t fully understood, it is believed that mycotoxins are expressed when molds undergo stress. This stress can be induced by fluctuating temperatures or by drought

or excess rainfall, among other stressors.

Sound familiar in recent years?

Mold growth in feedstuffs can lead to a mycotoxin issue at any point in the life of the crop – during the growing season, after harvest, or during storage. When tested, most feedstuffs will show more than one mycotoxin present, and it is not uncommon to have five or more. Alltech’s 2023 Harvest Analysis, a look at the mycotoxin risk in the corn harvest — both in silage and grain — showed an average of 4.9 mycotoxins per sample, with 91.5 percent of samples showing two or more. The analysis represented 400+ feedstuff samples from across areas of the United States. These samples were tested by the Alltech 37+ lab.

A mycotoxin issue can present itself in several ways. Mycotoxins have been shown to decrease cattle performance and thriftiness, decrease conception rates, increase animal health issues, and increase pregnancy loss.

Some common symptoms of a mycotoxin

challenge could include decreased and inconsistent feed intake, lack of response to treatment, decreased average daily gain, lameness, abortions, open animals, and decreased milk production, which can lead to lower growth rates in calves.

There are several ways to test for mycotoxins. Grain producers may be familiar with the black light test, performed at some elevators, that is used to visually inspect for some mycotoxins. This test, however, doesn’t work for all mycotoxins, particularly those that are most prevalent in the United States. To get a better idea of the total amount and varieties, it is better to send a sample to a lab to be tested.

There are some variations in equipment, processes, and number of mycotoxins that can be detected by different labs.

The Alltech 37+ lab in Lexington, Ken., currently tests for 54 different mycotoxins and will give a report that shows the types and quantity detected along with

the potential impact those mycotoxins can have, especially in combination.

This information can help producers to understand the physical and financial impact of mycotoxins on their operations.

You can mitigate mycotoxin risk through testing and proactive nutrition.

Mycotoxins can occur at any time and have been shown to negatively affect animals in all stages of beef production. Fortunately, there are ways to help offset the risk mycotoxins pose. Talk to an Alltech representative about mitigation strategies, like feed ingredients that can be added to your loose mineral and mineral blocks, protein and mineral tubs, calf creep feeds, and range cubes, feedlot supplements, and through micro dosing machines.

For a full look at the mycotoxin risk from the 2023 harvest and how it could impact you, download the 2023 US Harvest Analysis report at www.alltech. com/us-harvest-analysis-registration.

BILTMORELIVESTOCK.COM

Thank you to everyone who came out to our inaugural sale!

We hope to see you at next year’s sale on SEPTEMBER 28, 2024!

Bred to perform, Biltmore Angus represents a livestock legacy more than a century in the making.

Contact Kyle Mayberry 828-768-1956 • livestock@biltmore.com

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Certified Angus Beef News Raised with Respect Cattle Care Campaign Launched This Past Fall.

Certified Angus Beef and Sysco join forces to support farmers and ranchers, the beef community as a whole. Respect for animals, respect for the land, and respect for each other – the foundation of a new campaign from Sysco, the global leader in foodservice distribution, and Certified Angus Beef (CAB), a brand known for its commitment to quality beef.

The campaign, Raised with Respect™, centers on the common ground found between cattle producers and beef consumers, with a focus on animal welfare and beef sustainability.

Raised with Respect was developed as part of a strategic cattle care partnership between Sysco and CAB. The collaboration focuses on supporting producers, equipping them with continuing education to stay current on best management practices, and helping to increase consumer confidence in beef production.

Through the partnership, Sysco and CAB are providing Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) training and certification to farmers and ranchers in nine key cattle production states. To elevate the trainings, bringing dynamic educational opportunities to cattle country, Sysco and CAB are collaborating with state entities who also have a vested interest in BQA. Launching at the 2023 Angus Convention in November, two campaign events were held in Orlando, Florida.

Collaborating with the Florida Beef Council and the American Angus Association, a BQA training was offered to educate and certify Angus ranchers.

Another event, the BQA Bash, celebrated the commitment of ranchers who are currently BQA certified. Nearly 100 producers attended the training, and more than 200 attended the BQA Bash.

Following Angus Convention, additional Raised with Respect BQA trainings took place in Texas and Montana. The campaign will continue through June 2024, with the six remaining BQA trainings occurring in Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma.

BQA, a nationally recognized education and certification program, encompasses the best practices for cattle care, including animal handling, nutrition, and responsible use of antibiotics.

“Certified Angus Beef supports BQA because it’s a credible and effective way for producers to communicate animal welfare to people on the opposite end of the beef supply chain.” says Bruce Cobb, CAB executive vice president of production. “By building trust with this segment and consumers, we can help secure the strong beef demand we’ve been experiencing into the future.”

According to research from NCBA (on behalf of the Beef Checkoff), 70 percent of consumers agreed that BQA certification increased their confidence in knowing the beef they eat is safe, and 67 percent agreed that it increased

their confidence that cattle are humanely raised. Prior to learning about the program, 44 percent of consumers had positive perceptions about cattle production, and that increased to 70 percent after learning of the BQA program.

Cattle producers interested in completing BQA training but not able to attend an in-person event are encouraged to complete the free course online. More information about Raised with Respect, including dates and locations of BQA events and a direct link to online BQA education and training, can be found at

www.cabcattle.com/RaisedWithRespect.

Who is Certified Angus Beef? At Certified Angus Beef, we know people want to put great meals on the table. Our employees work across the beef supply chain to ensure chefs and home cooks find and prepare the best Angus beef.

Led by our culinary, beef, and marketing experts, our team provides consultation, marketing materials, training, market insights, and tools that help businesses like grocery stores and restaurants thrive.

Our team is also dedicated to sharing the story of family farmers and ranchers who supply the brand.

The BQA Bash at Angus Convention celebrated farmers and ranchers with current BQA certifications.

BLACK CREST FARM BULLS

Available by Private Treaty!

Black Crest Farm

Leaning into campaign message, “The best beef is raised the right way,” Kirsten Nickles, CAB Sustainability and Animal Care Scientist tells BQA training attendees about Sysco and CAB’s commitment to cattle care.

1320 Old Manning Road, Sumter, SC 29150 Email: williammcleod@ftc-i.net W.R. “Billy” McLeod, Owner Farm Phone - 803-983-1202 The Carolina Cattle Connection

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NEWS Alltech 2023 U.S. Harvest Analysis reveals variable mycotoxin risk.

In 2023, U.S. farmers and producers experienced droughts, high rainfall, and other weather events affecting the corn harvest, making it more critical than ever to analyze mycotoxin risks across the nation. The Alltech 2023 U.S. Harvest Analysis has collected and assessed almost 450 new crop samples from across the U.S., and the results show regional variation in mycotoxin risk.

Samples showed lower risk in the upper Midwest and higher risk in the East. A combination of drought and untimely rains led to much of the risk.

Mycotoxins are produced by certain species of molds and are a concern for livestock producers, as they can influence feed quality and subsequent animal health and performance. The Alltech U.S. Harvest Analysis, a decade long initiative, is a comprehensive step in understanding the complexities of new

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crop quality, mycotoxin prevalence, and the threat that mycotoxins pose to animals and producers. To determine the most accurate representation of mycotoxin risk across the U.S., samples are collected by Alltech representatives and sent to the Alltech 37+ laboratory at the company’s headquarters in Kentucky, which can detect up to 54 individual mycotoxins.

The corn silage and corn grain crops for the U.S. in 2023 have been a “moving target” for mycotoxin risk, according to Dr. Max Hawkins, technical support manager with Alltech’s mycotoxin management team.

“Drought in the Southwest and the Western Corn Belt created distinct fumonisin risks in this region, while further eastward, late season rainfall created ideal conditions for Fusarium toxins such as type B trichothecenes to flourish,” he said.

As always, Dr. Hawkins recommends routine monitoring of these ingredients

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

during storage, noting, “Ingredients will rarely be in better condition than when they are harvested.’’

Key insights from the Alltech 2023 U.S. Harvest Analysis include: • Dry conditions in the West created more fumonisin risk, while the later, rainaffected harvest in the East resulted in higher levels of deoxynivalenol (DON).

• In general, the mycotoxin challenge in corn grain and corn silage is lower in 2023 than in recent years. However, there are still pockets of higher risk in the Midwest and the South.

• A surprisingly high risk of aflatoxin B1 was identified in Iowa this year.

Another surprising find was Penicillium present in grains since they are typically a concern in forages.

• A good amount of corn went into storage at 14% moisture this year. It will be crucial to monitor corn coming out of storage, as it may be at higher risk now than when it was first stored.

Corn - Mycotoxin levels continue to be higher in the East and Midwest U.S., specifically for Fusarium mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Earlier harvest conditions and drier conditions in the West helped to create lower risk conditions.

However, producers there should be aware of a higher fumonisin risk.

More than 190 new crop corn grain samples were analyzed this year, and results show an average of 4.4 mycotoxins per sample, with 87 percent of samples having multiple mycotoxins.

Beyond the DON and fumonsin risks already described, another interesting finding was a high level of aflatoxin B1 identified in Iowa. Producers should be vigilant about testing their grains.

Corn silage - Drought early in the growing season negatively affected corn silage in the West this harvest season.

The stress of dry conditions followed by moisture allowed certain molds to flourish, particularly Fusarium molds. In the East, the risk was varied but overall higher. Feed and livestock producers are encouraged to continue to monitor and test silage in storage every 60-90 days. This will help inform them of the mycotoxin risk they are facing as the season progresses.

The Alltech 2023 U.S. Harvest Analysis demonstrates that mycotoxins are an ongoing, dynamic issue that livestock producers need to manage.

Although testing directly post harvest provides an overview of regional contamination patterns, what happens before the animal receives the feed — including storage conditions post harvest and feeding practices on-farm — can influence what the animal will actually be ingesting in terms of mycotoxins. To best

manage this ongoing challenge, producers should consider a routine testing program that can uncover the specific risks. With this information, informed choices can be made on what mitigation strategies are necessary to support the health and performance of the animals.

To access the complete report, as well as a series of videos that provide further species specific insights, visit Alltech 2023 U.S. Harvest Analysis.

For more information about Alltech Mycotoxin Management solutions, visit knowmycotoxins.com.

About Alltech. Founded in 1980

by Irish entrepreneur and scientist Dr. Pearse Lyons, Alltech delivers smarter, more sustainable solutions for agriculture. Our diverse portfolio of products and services improves the health and performance of plants and animals, resulting in better nutrition for all and a decreased environmental impact.

We are a global leader in the agriculture industry. Our team produces specialty ingredients, premix supplements, feed, and biologicals backed by science and an unparalleled platform of services.

Strengthened by more than 40 years of scientific research, we carry forward a legacy of innovation and a unique culture that views challenges through an entrepreneurial lens. As a private, family owned company, we adapt quickly to our customers’ needs and focus on advanced innovation.

We believe agriculture has the greatest potential to shape the future of our planet. Our more than 5,000 talented team members worldwide share our purpose of Working Together for a Planet of Plenty. Together, we can provide nutrition for all, revitalize local economies, and replenish the planet’s natural resources.

Headquartered just outside of Lexington, Ken., Alltech serves customers in more than 120 countries, has five bioscience centers, and operates more than 80 manufacturing facilities across the globe. For more information, visit www.alltech.com.

NOTICE

Letters to the editor are welcome and we appreciate your input.

HOWEVER, letters that are not signed will not be considered for publication.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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Angus • Hereford • Red Angus • SimAngus Simmental • Star Fives • AND MORE!

MARCH 9, 2024 Simpson Events Center (307 Cultivation Circle • Monroe, NC) Preview starts at 10:00 a.m. • Sale starts at 12:00 noon * Lunch provided before the sale at 11:00 a.m.

Auctioneer

Darren Carter 864-980-5695 PAGE 34

Sale Information

Farrah Hargett 704-242-027

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Bob Rhyne 704-614-0826

NEWS

By JON ALBO, Ridley Block Operations

What Makes Crystalyx Unique?

Brand recognition and being the first to market - Crystalyx as a livestock supplement has been sold for nearly 50 years, spanning six decades. Our blog preceding this one, by Mark Robbins, mentioned the original technologies and concepts that originated with the brand in the mid-1970s. Back then, Crystalyx was the only supplement of its kind, a form that we refer to today as a low moisture block.

Since then, Crystalyx and many imitation brands have dominated the self fed supplement market. Today, the large lick tub market consists of literally hundreds of brands and many manufacturing forms, but even after all these years, there’s still only one Crystalyx brand. Fifty years of unmatched experience and quality have built a good reputation in the industry, one we’ll never take for granted.

Crystalyx, the original low moisture block supplement. Go with the brand you know. Results by the barrel. Feed it and they will follow. Performance is served.

Year in and year out, Crystalyx has used various ad campaigns and slogans. Yes, it’s a widely known brand, one of the most recognized brand names in the feed industry. A 2022 Farm Journal survey conducted in 15 of the top cow/calf states revealed that nearly 70 percent of the participants had fed, or consistently feed, low moisture block supplements like Crystalyx. Nearly half (47 percent) reported Crystalyx as the most familiar brand to them.

This makes Crystalyx unique in brand recognition and history, but other aspects of this supplement are also unique.

Don’t get caught napping!

Deadline is 5th of month prior to issue!

Crystalyx: a better supplement for better performance - Crystalyx has been a pacesetter in supplement technology and application. From a supplement cost standpoint, if Crystalyx is evaluated only on a cost-per-nutrient basis, it’s expensive; however, its benefits of consistent intake, low delivery cost, and no waste make it the most economical to feed.

Many current Crystalyx applications that competing tub supplements try to imitate were founded and tested by Crystalyx first. Mark Robbins mentioned some of our landmark work done with fiber digestibility in the late ‘90s and grazing distribution in the early 2000s. The idea of using a “stress barrel,” or starting tub, with weaned cattle or with cattle newly arriving at a feedlot was not commonplace 20-25 years ago; it was first introduced by our salespeople with Crystalyx Brigade. Then, we did the first research and blazed the trail ahead. The advantages of a stress barrel helped ours gain fast acceptance, and now it seems that most competitors offer a “metoo” stress tub.

The same can be said for the concept of the mineral barrel. Often, I hear the term “mineral barrel or tub” as a general term for Crystalyx or like type supplements. This type of application did not happen by accident. In fact, it was a discussion between Mark Robbins and me during a trip across South Dakota early in our careers that led to the research and development of the highly fortified and palatable mineral technology CrystalPhos. This type of mineral form feeds at the same level as loose minerals but with much less waste and much better herd coverage. At the time Crystal-Phos was developed, no other competitor had a like product or application, though today many competitors offer imitations.

In developing the Crystalyx line, we have produced and perfected a lot of practical and useful supplement applications and tools for livestock producers. For instance, in 2004, we introduced Crystalyx Iono-lyx, the only FDA cleared low moisture block with Bovatec. Our customers’ confidence in the Crystalyx brand and its performance is why some of the best professionals in the feed industry sell and recommend Crystalyx.

Without the uniqueness of this brand and the experience behind it, the big lick tub market would not be the same. In fact, without Crystalyx, there might not be a mineral or stress barrel concept, the grazing distribution patents would not exist, and it’s highly likely that the biodegradable BioBarrel would not have been invented.

All of these accomplishments require commitment to customers and investment in research and development — and in people, too! Again, few in the industry have invested their time and money to make better products and applications to benefit the livestock producer. Most of our competitors simply offer a price and a tub and try to imitate us. For salespersons, this copycat practice can be frustrating, but as the saying goes, “Imitation is the best form of flattery.”

It’s about our people and customers - Behind the scenes, we at Crystalyx take a lot of pride in making sure those who sell, promote, and use this brand are fully supported in knowing the proper applications, which solutions to position, and how to get the most value out of a self-fed supplement. We don’t apologize for our marketing and advertising campaigns, as we want to make it known to our customers selling Crystalyx that

The Carolina Cattle Connection

they’re supported, and we want to assure those feeding Crystalyx that they’re offering the best to their livestock.

The latest example of this is Crystalyx Gold Rewards. We highly encourage all Crystalyx customers to go to www.crystalyxgoldrewards.com and become members. Gold Rewards is our way of saying thanks to producers who are loyal to our brand. For every purchase of Crystalyx, whether it’s one barrel or a truckload or more, Gold Rewards members accumulate points that can be used toward Crystalyx merchandise or cashed in for gift cards. To our knowledge, no other big block companies offer such a program.

Again, Crystalyx is not just a price and a tub. There’s nothing generic about it. It is unique and provides, as it has for nearly 50 years, the most value and experience to our customers, hands down.

If you’re not yet our customer, why not give us a chance to show you how the best barrel on the market can work for you? Learn more by visiting www. crystalyx.com, following our social media platforms on Facebook and Instagram, and downloading the Crystalyx app. You can also contact your local dealer or sales representative anytime.

q FEBRUARY 2024

PAGE 35

THE SIMMENTAL TRAIL

By JENNIE RUCKER Executive Secretary N.C. Simmental Association Waynesville Bull Test Sale. The 44th Annual Waynesville N.C. BCIP Bull Test Sale was held on December 2 at the WNC Regional Livestock Center in Canton. Of the 20 bulls sold, two were Simmental purebreds, and four were SimAngus bulls.

Chuck Broadway of Monroe consigned the top indexing SimAngus bull, and this bull sold for $3,500. This bull was sired by BCIV Epic FC85, an Angus bull. Eugene Shuffler of Hamptonville consigned the top indexing Simmental bull, a son of TJ Gold 274G. This bull sold for $3,100.

The top selling SimAngus bull was also consigned by Eugene Shuffler. This son of KCF Bennett Southside brought $4,000.

The four SimAngus bulls averaged $3,275, and the Simmental bulls averaged $2,600.

by Parks Helms of Monroe bringing $5,000. This bull is a son of Mr NLC Upgrade U8676. Dr. Jeff Broadaway consigned the next top selling bull which was also a purebred Simmental. This bull sold for $4,750 and is sired by SFG Cowboy Logic D627. Dr. Broadaway also consigned the top selling SimAngus bull at $4,250. This bull is sired by Mr SR 71 Right Now E1538. There was a very good crowd on hand for this sale, which really showcases Union County producers.

Butner Bull Test Sale. The 40 th Annual N.C. BCIP Butner Bull Test Sale was held on December 15 at the Granville County Livestock Arena in Oxford. There was only one SimAngus in the sale, and

Chuck Broadway is presented with a plaque for top indexing SimAngus bull at Waynesville.

Union County Bull Sale. The 48th Annual Union County Bull Sale was held also on December 2 in Monroe. The Simmental and SimAngus bulls were in demand, with a purebred bull consigned

N.C. Simmental Association

Cortney Holshouser presents a plaque to Keziah Farms for top indexing SimAngus bull at Butner.

1341 US Hwy 21 • Hamptonville, NC 27020 336-468-1679 • www.ncsimmental.com • NCSA@yadtel.net Like us on Facebook!

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Doug Keziah of Monroe was the producer of this bull. This bull is sired by BCIV Black Magic 9049 and sold for $3,500.

Congratulations to all these producers and the bull test managers for another successful year.

Looking Ahead to Our 50 th Simmental Sale. Be watching this Simmental Trail article every month as we are heading for our 50th N.C. Simmental Association consignment sale. It has not always been the Fall Harvest Sale, but for the past 30 years, we have been selling quality Simmental and SimAngus cattle here in North Carolina as a state association. Many state associations over the years have even ceased to exist, but we are still going strong. We are planning a BIG event starting on Friday, September 6, with speakers, vendors, and other items of interest to ANY and ALL cattle producers.

September 7, we will hold our Spectacular Fall Harvest Sale. Make plans now to be in Union Grove at Shuffler Sale Facility to be in attendance in person! (Online bidding will still be available for the sale) but we want to meet and greet everyone interested in Simmental cattle. More details to come!

American Simmental Association 1 Genetics Way • Bozeman, MT 59718 406-587-4531 • www.simmental.org

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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Wildlife Weaponization Ramps Up In 2023, we experienced a drastic increase in federal rulemaking aimed at expanding habitat and increasing the population of many different species of wildlife. Cattle producers are no strangers to Endangered Species Act (ESA) listings and the frustrations that come with the law, which makes it relatively easy to list a species but extremely hard to delist recovered species. In 50 years, only 54 species have been delisted under the ESA — less than 4 percent of all the species that have received federal protections and investments under the Act. This is not due to a lack of demonstrated recovery; there are numerous ESA success stories. This is something NCBA has beat the drum about for decades, but radical activist groups increasingly weaponize the ESA not to the benefit of threatened species but to gain more control over agricultural producers and private landowners. These activists do not care about following science and effectively maintaining a balanced, healthy ecosystem for a variety of wildlife. They simply want to increase the number of species federally protected

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and make producers jump through as many hoops as possible because growing the federal footprint on private and public land brings them closer to their goal of severely reducing or ending animal agriculture.

That is why NCBA fights hard by submitting comments on the negative impacts of these rulemakings, suing the federal government when appropriate, and building coalitions of our state affiliates and like minded groups to push back as a collective force on Capitol Hill and in the regulatory process. It was made clear in 2023 that the Biden administration not only designates a species as “threatened” or “endangered” but is also pursuing more unconventional tactics that can burden producers. The Biden administration recently closed a public comment period for a rulemaking to reintroduce grizzly bears in the Northern Cascades Ecosystem in Washington state, where there hasn’t been a grizzly bear sighting since 1996. Their plan, which has support from a wide array of radical activists, is to airdrop five to seven Canadian grizzly bears each year into this rural community via helicopter. These

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

bears would be deemed an “experimental” population, and the airdrops would not stop until roughly 300-400 bears are present in the Northern Cascades.

This is not a question of an endangered species on the verge of extinction; these are 800 pound apex predators 20 times deadlier than black bears, and their current status is considered of least concern under ESA. Grizzly bears can roam for distances across hundreds of miles and are already present and thriving in other areas of Washington and the inland northwest.

In other regions, where populations of apex predators have skyrocketed, cattle producers and other landowners have seen increased conflicts, increased livestock stress and depredation, and even wildlife challenges as ecosystems struggle with the introduction of federally protected species.

One of the greatest voluntary species conservation success stories is the greater sage grouse, which NCBA has successfully fought for decades to keep from being listed under the ESA. Despite repeated attempts by activists to have the species listed as threatened or endangered, NCBA has continually highlighted that cattle grazing builds strong ecosystems for these birds to thrive. This year, NCBA received vindication in the form of a landmark ten year study from the University of Idaho confirming scientific evidence of what ranchers have said all along: grazing does not hurt sage grouse nesting or survival rates and can only help bolster grouse numbers. Grazing increases biodiversity, and there is more forage available on land actively managed by ranchers than on land without livestock grazing. More food and greater biodiversity are exactly what sage grouse need to increase their populations and thrive for generations.

The bird exemplifies the positive results from voluntary, proactive partnerships between ranchers, conservationists, and local leaders under the leadership of state officials — not the federal government hundreds or even thousands of miles away.

An emerging problem producers are seeing on the ground is the Biden administration’s proposed $31 million recovery plan for the Canada lynx, a predator that less than five years ago was deemed to have been recovered and no longer threatened. Unfortunately, litigious animal activist groups sued the Biden administration. In the settlement, the lynx kept its threatened status. Currently, U.S. lynx populations are already more than the 20 year goal outlined in this unscientific proposal. This is a snow-dependent wildcat

species impacted by annual snowfall, not by cattle producers. Yet, this proposal has broad implications for producers who live in states where lynxes are present. This proposal would limit the ability to set traps to protect against large predators posing a real risk to the lives of producers and their cattle, along with recreationalists such as hikers, skiers, and snowmobilers. Putting sweeping protections on an alreadyrecovered population of predators has a host of negative consequences, some that can be anticipated but many that cannot be predicted.

For half a century, the pattern of ESA activity has followed a common theme.

Animal activists unilaterally declare a species in a rural, usually Western, part of the country endangered as a test to see how damaging these species specific fights can be to animal agriculture. With the sage grouse, they saw how many problems they created for producers in the West, even though cattle production helps grow grouse populations. Then, they moved their targets east to larger population centers. The listing battle over sage grouse in the West has now shifted to lesser prairie chickens in the Plains. The issue of gray wolves has now shifted to include other predators, such as the Canada lynx, that have significant populations located in the North and Northwest. Species protections started more than 50 years ago to serve a real purpose. Now, they are just another tool for activist groups to gain more power over working lands and producers who make their living on those landscapes while ignoring all the benefits cattle production has for strengthening wildlife populations.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

USDA Launches Pilot to Help More Processors Access High Value Beef Grading Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack recently announced a pilot program to allow more cattle producers and meat processors to access better markets through the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) official beef quality grading and certification. The Remote Grading Pilot for Beef, developed by USDA’s Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), matches simple technology with robust data management and program oversight to allow a USDA grader to assess beef carcass characteristics and assign the official quality grade from a remote location, reducing costs and location as barriers to participation in voluntary grading services.

Secretary Vilsack announced the new pilot during a panelist discussion with livestock producers and independent meat processing business owners in conjunction with the National Western Stock Show in Denver, Colorado. In addition to the pilot, Secretary Vilsack highlighted USDA programs in the West that create economic prosperity for farms, ranches, and rural communities by supporting on-farm conservation, bolstering new markets, creating jobs, and keeping farming and

ranching viable for the next generation.

Today’s announcement builds on USDA’s comprehensive approach to increase competition in agricultural markets, create a fairer playing field for small- and midsize farmers and ranchers, and provide producers with more options to market their products.

“On average, a beef carcass that grades as USDA Prime is valued at hundreds of dollars more than an ungraded carcass, but costs for this voluntary USDA service often prevents smaller scale processors and the farmers and ranchers they serve from using this valuable marketing tool,” Secretary Vilsack said.

“This remote grading pilot opens the door for additional packers and processors to receive grading and certification services allowing them to access new, better, and more diverse marketing opportunities.”

Consumers, as well as buyers and sellers of beef, rely on USDA quality grades, including Prime, Choice, and Select, as a clear and standardized way to indicate quality. Everyone involved in the beef supply chain, from cattle producers to beef consumers, benefit from the greater efficiency permitted by the application of

official U.S. grade standards.

USDA offers these services to packers and processors on a user fee basis. While over 90 percent of America’s fed beef supply is officially graded by USDA, most users are large beef packing operations. USDA’s meat grading and certification services are significantly underutilized by small, independent processors, in large part due to the expense of paying for a highly trained USDA grader to travel to their facility to perform service in-person for a relatively small number of cattle that may not require a full day of the graders’ work.

Experience with remote grading so far has shown it dramatically reduces travel related expenses, which makes the service more accessible to smaller processors.

In this pilot, trained plant employees capture specific images of the live animal and beef carcass. These images are submitted electronically to a USDA grader already stationed elsewhere in the U.S., likely located in another rural community, who reviews the images and accompanying plant records and product data, assigns the USDA Quality Grade and applicable carcass certification programs,

and communicates the official grade back to the plant to be applied to the carcass.

Plants can then use this information in their retail marketing and transmit carcass performance information back to producers.

The pilot will build on lessons learned during AMS’ feasibility study of a “remote grading” process conducted during the second half of 2023. AMS will expand its testing by engaging a larger and more diverse number of beef packers to participate in the development of this procedure. Through the pilot, AMS will gather additional information on actual cost and the level of in-person surveillance needed to ensure program consistency and integrity to formalize this innovative service option as part of the USDA Quality Grading Service.

The Remote Grading Pilot for Beef is limited to domestic beef slaughter facilities operating under federal inspection and producing product that meets the eligibility criteria for the USDA grading program.

For more information about the Remote Grading Pilot for Beef, visit www.ams.usda.gov/remote-beef-grading or email AskLP@usda.gov.

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q FEBRUARY 2024

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NEWS

Animal Agriculture Alliance releases reports from 2023 animal rights conferences. Food chain from farm to fork - urged to prepare for activism in 2024, including “open rescue,” legislative campaigns, and pressure to drop meat from the menu.

The Animal Agriculture Alliance has concluded the release of reports from four prominent animal rights extremist conferences held throughout 2023. The conferences included Direct Action Everywhere’s Animal Liberation Conference (ALC) (held June 9-14), the Animal and Vegan Advocacy Summit (held July 27-30), the Humane Society of the United States’ Taking Action for Animals (TAFA) Conference (held August 5-6), and Animal Legal Defense Fund’s Animal Law Conference (held October 20-22). The Alliance also released a report from The Reducetarian Summit (held October 27-29).

Key discussions among speakers at these conferences included a need for increased “investigations” and “open rescues” conducted at farms and processing facilities; calls for animal rights extremists to become more engaged politically and in the legislative process; strategies to pressure restaurant, retail, and foodservice brands to reduce their sourcing of meat, dairy, poultry, eggs, and seafood; and ways the animal rights movement can tap into other key issues to gain attention such as public health and climate change.

“Monitoring the strategies and tactics of the animal rights movement, including through our release of conference reports, allows Alliance members and the broader agriculture community – from farm to fork – to be aware of how these organizations are becoming increasingly aggressive in their efforts to take meat, poultry, dairy, eggs, and seafood off

December 7, 2024 • 12:00 noon Simpson Special Events Center • Monroe, N.C.

704-219-1294 PAGE 42

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

of consumers’ plates,” said Hannah Thompson-Weeman, Alliance president and CEO. “I hope that everyone involved in raising, processing, and retailing animal protein will take the opportunity to review the main themes of these reports and implement measures to safeguard their livelihoods.”

Direct Action Everywhere’s (DXE) Animal Liberation Conference primarily focused on its “right to rescue” campaign, as DXE has been advocating for the legal right to conduct “open rescues,” which entail entering farms and plants without permission and taking livestock and poultry. DXE extremist Alicia Santurio, who faced trial this year in charges stemming from one such incident, says DXE’s version of “open rescue” is, “[W] e do go into these places of violence and if we see a sick or injured animal that really needs us, those are the ones we rescue, but I don’t think that’s the only reason you have to rescue an animal.” Speakers at the event made their viewpoints of animal agriculture clear as Erin Wing, Animal Outlook’s director of “investigations” claimed, “Animal agriculture is a complex machine refined over centuries and designed to torture and destroy all of the living beings within it.”

The decision for the Supreme Court to uphold California’s Proposition 12 was a key focus at several conferences, including the Animal and Vegan

Advocacy Summit and the Humane Society of the United States’ (HSUS) TAFA Conference. Both conferences emphasized the recent “victory” and its implications for the animal rights movement. Kate Brindle, HSUS, said, “The court’s decision…not only upheld Proposition 12 and laws like it… it essentially gave a judicial green light so that we can keep working in the legislatures to free animals from suffering and extreme confinement.” The Ending Agricultural Trade Suppression Act was also denounced as “the biggest threat…ever seen to animal protection.”

We expect to see more pressure on this proposed legislation in 2024 as several animal rights supporters, including speakers at the Animal Legal Defense Fund’s Animal Law Conference, have called it a “disaster for farmed animals.”

Several conferences also touched on their strategies to continue pressuring restaurant, retail, and foodservice brands to reduce their sourcing of meat, dairy, poultry, eggs, and seafood. Josh Bisig with ProVeg, an organization focused on “food system change,” said, “Our mission is to replace 50 percent of animal products globally with plant based and cultivated foods by 2040.” It was also stated that creating change at the food brand level was an effective way to force change at the farm level. Danielle Melgar, U.S. PIRG, shared an example:

S.C. Charolais News

By GEORGEANNE WEBB S.C. Charolais Association

The Charolais breeders are getting ready for the Appalachian Classic Sale on April 27 in Knoxville, Tennessee. If you have something to consign, please contact Dennis Adams or Kyle Reeves before February 15. Kyle is planning a big event since this is their 25th anniversary of this sale. You need to be there because we all know how Charolais breeders like to celebrate.

On the local side, Pickens County, Clemson University, and a lot of other cattlemen in the state are mourning the loss of Dr. Jim Rathwell right before Christmas. I talked with him often because we shared a commercial breeder who used his Simmental females and ran my Charolais bulls. We will all miss him in this area. We have lost a lot of cattlemen this year, so ya’ll be good and check on each other.

Here at Webb Charolais, we are excited and anticipating the arrival of calves from our new bull, Atomic Mass.

They should be hitting the ground this month, so I am watching everybody like a hawk.

I have talked to a lot of cattlemen and cattlewomen from all over the United States this month, but I don’t have any other exciting news. I have some advice for younger cattle people. Listen to the old timers and take their advice. We did not get this old working cattle just by chance. Most of us old timers can work rings around the younger folk, and we don’t follow fads. We know what works, and we stick to it. Some of these things I am hearing about raising cattle nowadays have me shaking my head.

You have to work your cattle, notice any difference in how one is acting, and be prepared to treat the problem.

“We saw an opportunity to instead turn to a corporate campaign approach, so that we could get major restaurant chains to make commitments to purchasing meat that was raised without the routine use of antibiotics. This would then change what their suppliers are doing.”

Animal rights groups have been using the coattails of issues of significant public interest, such as climate change, public health, and social justice, to reach wider audiences. David Meyer, Food Systems Innovations, put it this way: “What is it about this climate crisis that is actually a huge opportunity for the animals? Well, it’s a new reason to not eat animals, but this one can’t be ignored.”

Brian Kateman, Reducetarian Foundation, said, “We are in a room where everybody agrees that we must end factory farming and we have to reduce the size of consumption of animal products. We don’t have to agree on everything in order to make progress on that one thing.”

All 2023 animal rights conference reports, which include accounts of speaker presentations and general observations, are available to Alliance members in the Resource Center on the Alliance website. The Alliance website also includes reports from previous years’ animal rights conferences.

Registration Open for Animal A g r i c u l t u r e A l l i a n c e ’s 2024 Stakeholders Summit — Ready, Set, Solve! The Partnership’s Amanda Lucey to moderate event focused on advancing animal ag. The Animal Agriculture Alliance announced the opening of registration for its 2024 Stakeholders

Summit, themed “Ready, Set, Solve!

Advancing Animal Agriculture.” The 2024 Summit is set for May 8-9 in Kansas City, Missouri. Register by March 8 for the lowest rates, offering savings up to $100.

Dozens of speakers. Hundreds of perspectives. Countless ideas. And that’s just at the starting line of the 2024 Summit. It’s going to take a team to drive our future forward. It’s going to take you running alongside fellow stakeholders from across the food chain who know that putting in the work is the only way to transform today’s challenges into tomorrow’s solutions. Are you ready?

Then, take your spot at the 2024 Summit.

“The annual Stakeholders Summit is unique in its ability to bring together each link of the food supply chain to discuss emerging issues facing everyone from farmers and ranchers to retailers and food brands,” said Hannah ThompsonWeeman, president and CEO of Animal Agriculture Alliance. “No matter where you sit in the supply chain, we’re all seeking ways to advance animal agriculture and get our goals across the finish line. There’s no better place to discuss these challenges and opportunities than at the 2024 Summit where you’re surrounded by peers and stakeholders.”

Amanda Lucey, CEO of The Partnership, a marketing and brand communications agency, will serve as moderator throughout the event. In her 20 year career, Lucey has personal experience in strategic public relations, marketing, branding, and corporate communications for clients, companies, and government institutions at a national

and international level. She previously served as the director of communications and public relations for Dairy Alliance.

She has held executive roles with U.S. and U.K. governments as vice consul, head of political, press, and public affairs for the British Consulate General, and as a media correspondent and director of communications for the U.S. government.

Thank you to our 2024 Summit sponsors: Farm Journal, Meatingplace, U.S. Poultry & Egg Association, Watt Global Media, Cargill, Zoetis, American Feed Industry Association, Merck, Dairy MAX, Farm Credit, National Pork Producers Council, Smithfield Foods, American Farm Bureau Federation, Cobb-Vantress, Inc., National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, National Chicken Council, National Pork Board, Progressive Dairy, Trans Ova Genetics, Eggland’s Best, and N.C. Farm Bureau.

Get involved - Show your support for the Alliance’s outreach efforts by becoming an official Summit sponsor today! For more information on 2024 sponsorship opportunities still available, contact Logan Hall at lhall@ animalagalliance.org.

Help us spread the word about Summit! If you refer a friend to attend the

2024 Summit who has never attended a previous Summit and they list your name as the person who recommended them when they register for the event, you’ll both be entered in a drawing to win a $100 gift card! Each referral will count as one entry, and there is no limit on the number of entries for referrers. We will give away two $100 gift cards during the Summit - one drawing for referrers and one drawing for those who were referred.

All registrations for the in-person event with a referral listed made until online registration closes on May 3 will be entered. Both the referrer and the person referred must be registered to claim the gift card.

About the Animal Agriculture Alliance. The Alliance safeguards the future of animal agriculture and its value to society by bridging the communication gap between the farm and food communities. We connect key food industry stakeholders to arm them with responses to emerging issues. We engage food chain influencers and promote consumer choice by helping them better understand modern animal agriculture.

We protect by exposing those who threaten our nation’s food security with damaging misinformation.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection

Linn, Kansas

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A Healthy Ecosystem the Diamond Cross Way. Success Can Be Measured in More Ways Than Money. “There’s a lot more going on here than just cows.”

That’s saying a lot because the Diamond Cross Ranch, Birney, Montana, has a lot of cows. And a lot of acres for those cows and a host of wildlife to live on.

“It’s a fairly recent purchase for the owner,” according to Lane Larsen, the ranch’s general manager. In all, the operation covers 122,000 acres in southern Montana, just across the border from Sheridan, Wyo., about 94,000 of which are deeded. Depending on many factors, drought being large among them, those acres are home to more than 1,000 Angus cows. The land ranges from 1,000 acres of irrigated hay up into steep pine bluffs, Larsen says.

Building a Healthy Ecosystem with Regenerative Ranching - Then there’s the wildlife, which figures large in the management of the ranch. The ranch is home to big game such as elk, deer, black bear, wild turkeys, “anything that you can really imagine,” he says, including a vast array of non-game wildlife that indicates a healthy, functioning ecosystem.

Like beavers. “We’re building 13 miles of artificial beaver dams and restoring stream channels and alluvial valleys,” Larsen says. Those artificial beaver dams are the genesis of a longer term goal of restoring soil and ecosystem health.

Most of the water from snowmelt or heavy spring rains rushes down the stream channels on the ranch. “It’s dirty water going into the Tongue River,” Larsen says. “That’s not good for the biology in the rivers, whether it’s fish or whatever it might be.”

It’s also not good for the biology on the Diamond Cross Ranch. Looking at things from a regenerative perspective, Larsen says the goal for the ranch is to build soil health, which in turn builds the health of everything that lives above ground.

“If we can retain the water on the Diamond Cross and refill some of the alluvial valley aquifers and raise the water table, we’ll have more grass, our soil will be healthier, we’re going to have streams. We’re trying to put clean water into the Tongue River and also maintain some water so we can start getting these stream channels to flow.”

And beavers doing what beavers do are the starting point. “When we get to

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NEWS

the point where we can start transplanting some beavers, hopefully, they’re going to be the workforce and restore the habitat,” he says. “So the point of the beaver dams is the health of the land.”

Taking a longer term view, he says the beavers may well become drought insurance agents. “It might not be in our lifetimes, but if the stream channels run all year long, then we have a better chance of becoming drought resistant.”

Then There’s The Cattle - The cattle play a role in building soil health and improving the ecosystem as well. “I don’t graze the same pasture every year,” Larsen explains. “I’ll graze a pasture, then give it 12-18 months of rest, and then come back and graze it again.”

Usually, the cattle will rotate through a pasture twice during the year it is grazed.

And while it will be grazed intensely, overgrazing is minimized. “That’s from a soil building and water retention standpoint,” he says. The plants will respond to the intense grazing by growing back stronger, aided by the manure and urine the cattle left behind. “I want diverse grass species, and a lot of it,” he emphasizes.

The years 2019, 2020, and 2021 were tough drought years. “2022 was OK. 2023 was an absolute hero,” Larsen says. With the blessing of moisture that 2023 brought, the land is responding. That might be a signal to ramp up cattle numbers. Larsen, however, takes a longer term view. “Only half the ranch is getting grazed. So if we end up having a drought, I know I’ve got grass to go for at least a year.”

That sort of sustainable thinking permeates the management philosophy on the Diamond Cross. Breeding season runs for 45 days, starting July 5 when the bulls are turned out with the cows. Calving doesn’t start until April 15, when the snow storms are hopefully behind them, and they are out to pasture with the cows.

Breeding season for the first calf heifers starts a month earlier, on June 5. The cows are gathered in June for branding and head to summer pastures. The calves are sorted off the cows in mid-October.

Most of the steer calves are sold on Superior Livestock’s video auction to a handful of repeat buyers who have been snatching up the offerings for the past ten years. The heifers are sorted, and the bottom 20 percent join their steer mates.

The replacement candidates are turned out on the irrigated hay meadows.

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

“We do a consistent move with those all the way through winter, grazing on the meadows. Then they go to some rougher country to breed the next year where the grass is a little hardier, and they can build some muscle,” Larsen says. “We push them; that way, the bad ones filter out, and the pregnant ones stay here.”

In addition, the ranch produces grass fed and grass finished beef. “We send a couple hundred out to Oregon, and we work with Carmen Ranch,” he says. The Wallowa, Oregon, operation sells high quality grass finished beef to restaurants, grocery stores, and directly to consumers in the Portland and Seattle areas.

Winter weather on the Diamond Cross can vary, from reasonably warm to snow and 20 below. After the calves are sorted off the cows and shipped, the cows go back out to graze winter pasture until the snow gets too deep or it gets cold enough for water to freeze in the extensive pipeline system that brings water to every pasture.

Then, around January 15, the cows head to the meadows, where they’re fed hay and Riomax for 70-90 days or so before heading out to begin the circle of life for the next year.

Riomax is a Game Changer - Larsen tried loose mineral from several different companies and tubs from several different companies but never found any that performed the way he expected. Then, he tried Riomax in 2019. And like many other ranchers who switched to Riomax, all it took was a look over the fence.

“I went to another herd and looked at the Riomax.” What impressed him was the manure pats with very few grass stems present. Grass stems in the manure from Diamond Cross cattle were 2-3 inches long.

Grass stems in the manure he saw from the cattle on Riomax, if they were present at all, were only a quarter to a half inch long.

He’s seeing the same thing on the Diamond Cross. “The cattle are utilizing the feed better and we’re feeding less hay,” he says. “We went from 38 pounds a head a day to 30 pounds through the dead of winter. I’m feeding later. I’m going out to pasture earlier and I’m feeding less hay. I would say that we probably feed between $70,000-$100,000 less feed in the winter. It’s a game changer.”

He says the sticker price was tough to swallow, but he’s glad he made the switch. “I think the cows are eating less grass but getting more from it. I see them laying down a lot more during the midday. They’re happy. They’re content.”

So are the calves. “Herd health is probably the biggest driver for us, and then weaning weights,” he says. Both of those factors saw a boost when the orange Riomax tubs were present. “Herd health

has been great. The way the calves look, they’re just uniform and their coats are shining. We haven’t had a buyer call us back and say, ‘I don’t like the program you guys are on.’ They say, ‘Are you selling more calves?’”

The wet years of 2022 and 2023 saw the grass respond. That, along with Riomax, resulted in a 38 pound increase in weaning weights, the heaviest calves ever shipped off the Diamond Cross. He attributes that to Riomax and pasture conditions working together. “I think that utilizing every nutrient in the grass and utilizing it better is what helped out.”

Beyond that, he appreciates the customer service. “We know they’re going to eat 2-4 ounces a day and if they eat more than that, the company backs it up. We’ve had to use that and the company came through.” If cattle overconsume Riomax, the company will replace those tubs.

“The benefit for Riomax is the consumption stop,” he says. He sees consumption tick up a little when cattle rotate to a new pasture, but once they settle in, consumption drops back.

“Through calving, through drought, through wet years, they’re eating the mineral, and we’re still seeing fewer feed costs, a healthy herd, and improved range conditions. I feel like Riomax is the tub that pays for itself.”

Premium Care for the Cattle Has an Interesting Impact on the Business of This Ranch. Gabrian Discovered the Secret to Healthier Cattle – It’s Less Stress. “Help your animals, help yourself.” That’s what Bev Gabrian says about spending your money in the right places to get the results you want.

The third generation rancher from Red Lodge, Mont., calls herself the rancher in the family. That’s because, out of her four siblings, she’s the one who wanted to keep the ranch going. “I like to be outside. I like working with animals. And there’s always change; you never get bored.”

And her cattle like working with her.

She specializes in selling bred heifers, which she has been doing for nearly 30 years to repeat buyers. “The heifers have great dispositions, they’re healthy, they’re strong, and they throw big calves,” she says of the black baldies.

Treat ‘Em Right - She doesn’t get complaints about the heifers, especially about their disposition. That’s not an accident. “It’s just the way we treat them.

It’s in their minds that they’re always treated well,” she says. “We feed them twice a day, and they get used to being handled.”

At the moment, her 100 head cow herd is Hereford dominated. That’s because of a Polled Hereford bull that took his job very seriously. So she’s going back on those cows with Angus bulls to

get the black baldy heifers her buyers like. Counting cows and heifers, she usually runs from 170-200 head at a time.

Calving season starts around February 20, and the pairs are turned out on summer grass around the end of May. The summer country is mountainous, a combination of aspen groves and grassland. Then, depending on how dry it is, the pairs come back home at the end of August into September, where they run on the irrigated hay meadows for the winter.

Weaning starts around November 10, which is when she starts developing the heifers she’ll keep for her own replacements and to sell as bred heifers

to other ranchers. The steers get the same treatment.

“We grain them for about four weeks,” she says, feeding oats she grows on the ranch. They’re on the hay meadows and fed grain twice a day in feed bunks.

In addition, she feeds hay and moves among the calves to check their health and condition. All that adds up to gentle calves that learn how to trust people.

The steer mates stay on winter pasture until January when they’re marketed at her local livestock auction.

They’ll cross the scale with an average in the 700 pound range and always sell well to repeat buyers.

BRAHMAN NEWS ABBA 100 Year Celebration Gala. Join us in celebrating a century of excellence at our 100 Year Celebration Gala! This prestigious event promises an unforgettable evening filled with glamour, sophistication, and a touch of nostalgia.

The dress code for the night is Western formal attire, so dust off your finest gowns and tuxedos for a night of ‘Saddles and Sequins.’

Secure your spot at a table by purchasing one for $1,500, accommodating ten guests each. As a special touch, the brand or logo of those purchasing a table will be prominently featured as part of the stunning centerpiece.

Enjoy the luxury of complimentary valet service, indulge in an open bar, and savor a three course meal. Don’t miss this extraordinary celebration of our beloved Brahman breed!

Only a limited number of tables will be offered, so secure yours today by emailing Monty at malexander@ brahman.org.

ABBA Steer Feedout & Carcass Research Program. Nominations are now open for the ABBA Steer Feedout Program, formerly the E.A.R. Program — Due February 15! We are extremely excited to be reviving this program and are partnering with industry leaders to provide your steers with a program that will allow them to express their full genetic potential for carcass quality and also capture that data at the processing plant. Data gathered on these cattle will

allow you to select and improve carcass measures, bringing greater profitability when your calves enter the feedlot. This data will also be used to generate high accuracy EPDs, allowing you to see how your cattle compare to other Brahman herds.

Annual ABBA Brahman Bull Development & Marketing Program.

Nominations are now open for the 10th Annual ABBA Bull Development & Marketing Program — Due March 1!

We are extremely excited to be offering this program again this year, and all new for 2024; we will be partnering with new research initiatives that will help us explore the traits that are most important to your bottom line so you can select the most profitable bull for your herd.

If you’re interested in improving your herd’s growth, carcass quality, and fertility outcomes or want to see how your bulls stack up compared to the herd, please submit nominations by mail or to ajknowles@brahman.org.

About the American Brahman Breeders Association. The American Brahman Breeders Association is the world registry for Brahman cattle, the #1 beef breed for efficiency, hybrid vigor, and environmental adaptability.

ABBA provides an array of member services, educational opportunities, and a wide array of programs to assist the profitability of its members. For more information about the American Brahman breed or the many opportunities offered by the ABBA, visit www.brahman.org.

Reeling ‘Em In With Riomax - The orange Riomax tubs have been an integral part of Gabrian’s management for a decade.

Back then, her calving season was strung out, and she was battling scours, which often infected nearly her entire calf crop.

She saw an advertisement for Riomax that claimed it could help cows start cycling earlier and breed back better. She was at the end of her rope. “I saw the advertisement and thought, ‘We’ve got to do something different because it’s not working.’ The cows were all spread out, and nothing was consistent, a lot of open ones.”

She made the call and has been using Riomax ever since. “What happened was the cows started breeding back together.

They were ready to go by the time we turned out the bulls.”

Beyond shortening her calving window, she saw a significant improvement in health. “What also happened was the calves kept coming, getting healthier.” In addition to bloody scours in the young calves, she battled respiratory disease. “I don’t know how many times the whole herd, all the calves got it,” she says of the bloody scours outbreaks. “And it’s not fun to deal with.”

The following calving season after Riomax came on the scene, blood scours were cut in half. Now, it’s essentially not a problem. “We might get a few, but it’s nothing like it was before. The calves don’t get sick. They’re healthier, they’re stronger. And we have less work since we’ve been using Riomax for calving.”

That’s especially true with her first

The Carolina Cattle Connection

calf heifers. “The heifers, they just lay down and calve. It’s very seldom we have to pull a heifer anymore.”

The tubs get placed about a month before calving begins, and the cattle have Riomax in front of them until summer turnout. In addition, the calves have Riomax as a supplement after they’re done eating oats and stay in the tubs until the middle of December. If it’s a drought year, she’ll also use Riomax for fall grazing on dried grass. “It makes a big difference with the cows eating the grass. They have something to help them digest it.”

Everything Is More Manageable - Riomax has earned its place in the Gabrian herd. “There’s less stress, less disease, less problems,” she says. Gabrian admits the tubs are expensive, but then she looks at the time and labor savings and the stress of dealing with a scours outbreak. “The calves are sick and then you get sick because you get so tired taking care of the sick,” she remembers.

“Since we’ve been using Riomax, we have less work, the cows are healthier, the calves are healthier. They are vibrant and get up and suck right away. Everything is more manageable because there’s less stress on the cows, on us. It just fits in.”

About Riomax. Riomax started in a one car garage and today works with countless ranchers all across the United States and Canada. Their mission? To bring profitability back into agriculture.

Learn more about their nutritional products for cattle, horses, sheep, and soil at www.riomax.net/products.

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A Message from the CEO

By COLIN WOODALL

National Cattlemen’s Beef Association

Thank You! As we finish our 125 th anniversary celebration year, I simply want to thank each of you for being a member of the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. This association would not have stood the test of time without cattle producers who see the value in coming together, talking through the issues, and advocating for our way of life.

NCBA’s power comes from all of you who invest your money, time, and knowledge in keeping the association robust and effective.

NCBA exists to be the trusted leader and definitive voice of the U.S. cattle and beef industry. Our job is to be your advocate and fight to protect your operations, but the guidance must

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come from you. As your staff, our job is to implement your policy, not set it. With members in all 50 states, we are the one place where all voices can be heard. Our policy setting process reflects the power of the membership.

NCBA’s seven policy committees meet each year to discuss the hot topics we are facing. These committees are led by cattle producers, and each of our policy affiliated organizations appoints cattle producers to hold seats on the committees. For example, the Ag and Food Policy Committee is chaired by Ken Herz from Nebraska, and the vice chair is Jeff Schafer from North Dakota. Both

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

are cattle producers and were willing to step up to lead that committee. Ag and Food Policy is responsible for the policy detailing how we want to engage on the Farm Bill, so their actions have a tremendous impact on all of us in the cattle business. The cattle producers who sit on that committee debate the issues and vote on the position they want us to take.

Once the committee has voted, the NCBA Board of Directors has the chance to debate and vote on the policy. Just like the committees, the board is made up of cattle producers. If the board approves of the committee’s work, then it ultimately goes out in a ballot like the one you found in last September’s National Cattlemen.

This is intended to allow every NCBA member the chance to vote whether they serve on a committee or not.

The member led work NCBA does is not limited to our policy process. Our Executive Committee is made up of cattle producers representing the seven NCBA regions across the United States.

They meet in-person four times a year and have calls each month between those meetings. The Executive Committee holds the staff accountable for our policy implementation, budgeting, legal action, and overall association effectiveness.

Executive Committee meetings and calls

allow for questions, debates, and votes regarding the management of NCBA. Yet another level is the NCBA officer team. This team consists of eight officers elected by the Board of Directors and the treasurer, who is appointed by the president.

The officer team meets every Tuesday morning with me and other staff to discuss the latest topics, set strategies, review legal matters, and hold me accountable for the work NCBA is, or is not, doing.

Members are more than just figureheads at NCBA. Members are active leaders. The partnership of member leadership and staff management has been an effective model that solidifies our credibility. One of the reasons NCBA wins on Capitol Hill is because members of Congress and their staff know we speak for the members of NCBA, not for the staff.

I will end where I began by thanking you for your membership. When we come together and tackle our challenges, we know we can be successful in protecting your operation and your family. As we start the new year, I ask each of you to ask just one person if they are an NCBA member. If they are not, tell them why you are and encourage them to join. Our influence will only get stronger with the more members we have. Here’s to a prosperous and profitable 2024!

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Culinary Corner Beef. It’s What’s for Dinner Culinary Team New Vision for Culinary Programs.

The Culinary Team at the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, has a new vision for culinary programs. The vision states: To be the leading voice and resource for beef culinary knowledge, experiences, and innovation, from classic and cultural preparations to timely, future inspirations.

This is focused on creating more exposure for the Culinary Center, but more importantly, creating more outreach and education programs centered around culinary professionals in the industry as well as educators and associations. The Culinary Team also plans to increase the number of recipes developed for BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com while increasing assistance to state beef councils.

To realize this vision and revitalize culinary services, new team members and resources have been added. The program, led by Steven Wald, executive director of Culinary Innovations and Partnerships, welcomes two new members — Chef Dagan Lynn and Chef Paul Schutt — who bring a wealth of culinary knowledge and experience. Visit www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vwVbKCZNkyU to learn more about the new executive chefs.

The key areas of focus in 2024 will revolve around the newly created vision while being mindful of consumers’ and

professionals’ perspectives and needs and still meeting the needs of internal and external stakeholders. Areas of focus include: • Creating on-trend and engaging recipes and culinary educational content that will inspire home cooks to desire beef more often, with an eye on well being.

• Increased focus on providing the best possible internal dining experiences to show beef at its best.

• Maximizing the value and dining experience of less expensive beef cuts through exploration of cooking methods, flavors, and preparation techniques.

• Increasing the knowledge of industry and culinary professionals through engagement, education, new creative content, and menu inspiration and solutions.

One of the focus areas above is maximizing the value of less expensive cuts. When shopping the meat department, consumers undoubtedly see the latest trend and retailers’ response to inflation — merchandising more ‘thin cuts.’ This helps retailers keep the package price closer to $10 and helps consumers in the same manner. There will continue to be more expensive cuts like ribeyes, but most of these thin cuts will be from the chuck, shoulder, and round. With higher prices likely to persist across the next couple of

years, more exploratory work and recipe development will focus on how to make these lean, thin cuts tender and delicious.

Additionally, into the new year, the Culinary Team will explore ways of assisting consumers with their recipe searches on the website and making their time spent on the site more useful. For example, many recipe sites show stepby-step photos of the recipe process.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

After noting this trend and listening to the industry, consumers, and state partners, the team is reviewing the potential of adding this feature, among others, to the recipe pages. Throughout the coming year, the team anticipates having more than 25 new recipes available on BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com that will not only support internal programs but also the state beef councils and industry partners.

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NCBA

President’s Report

By TODD WILKINSON

National Cattlemen’s Beef Association

Optimism for the Future As I write this column, winter meeting season is in full swing, and I’ve had the opportunity to speak to state cattlemen’s groups across the country.

The New Year often comes with a renewed sense of optimism, and that has certainly been on display for several sectors of our industry. Calf prices are at record levels, and profit margins are strong; there’s continued demand for the high quality product we produce, and there’s optimism around young producers entering the business.

These meetings also reaffirm for me that our national and state organizations

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are the sword and the shield. Associations shield us from government overreach and activist attacks, which have become all too common in the past several years. Yet, what motivates me is that we’re the tip of the sword. We don’t bow to pressure.

We focus on creating opportunities for years to come and doing what’s right for our families, our communities, and the consumers who purchase our product.

Part of NCBA’s role, and an important part of our success, is the ability to identify and develop leaders while also preparing them to meet industry challenges head-on. NCBA’s

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

flagship program for leadership development is the Young Cattlemen’s Conference (YCC). Participants of this program experience nine days of intensive leadership training and a four city tour, which showcases every facet of the beef industry. They are also exposed to the policy process and learn how young leaders can engage and make a positive impact when working with decision makers at every level of government.

NCBA, as a contractor to the Beef Checkoff, also hosts the Masters of Beef Advocacy program and the Trailblazers top advocate program. These Checkoff funded advocacy programs are also intensive leadership development endeavors focusing on helping emerging and current young leaders to better communicate with consumers while also developing skills for correcting misinformation about beef and beef production practices.

These leadership programs give young producers a chance to build their network.

They are encouraged to come together to work toward common sense solutions.

It’s vital our producers from every sector of our industry work together as public interest in our way of life increases.

The cow/calf sector offers a good opportunity for young producers to enter

the industry or grow their businesses in the next couple of years. With tight cattle supplies and continued pressure from drought, profits to cow/calf operations are expected to reach levels near $500 per head in 2024. Herd rebuilding is going to take a few years, but this process will put the cow/calf producer in a sound position with better rates of return as we head into the New Year.

Looking toward 2024, I’m optimistic it will be a year of growth not only for our industry but for our associations. I hope you are all able to attend CattleCon in Orlando. I can’t think of a better way to escape the winter, reconnect with old friends, meet new acquaintances, and, most importantly, deal with the business of the beef industry. It is your participation that makes this event and our organization successful.

CattleCon is the place to share ideas, find out what is happening on operations across the country, and move our industry forward. What I enjoy most about this week is the opportunity to network with people because no other event brings the industry together like CattleCon. Thank you for being a member of NCBA and helping shape the future of our industry, and I look forward to visiting with you during CattleCon24!

32 Annual Replacement Heifer Sale nd

Saturday • February 24, 2024 • 12:30 p.m.

Selling 75 Bred & Open Heifers

Absentee Bidding Options Will Be Available

Videos of sale offering will be available on the website February 15

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NCBA News

NCBA Continues to Push for Death Tax Relief. The National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) strongly supports the Death Tax Repeal Act, led by Representatives Randy Feenstra (Iowa) and Sanford Bishop (Georgia). The Senate companion bill is led by Senator John Thune (South Dakota). Repealing the federal estate tax, also known as the Death Tax, is a top priority for NCBA. “It is unconscionable for cattle producers to face a tax that forces them to sell all or part of their family’s farm or ranch due to the death of a family member. With the cost of farmland rapidly rising, the Death Tax presents a significant threat to the future of family farms and ranches,” said NCBA President and South Dakota cattle producer Todd Wilkinson.

“Most cattle producers have significant

assets but are cash poor and operate on thin margins, leaving them with few options when they are saddled with an unexpected tax liability. Some producers are forced to sell off assets including land, livestock, farm equipment, or even their home. This is an incredible loss, and it starts a vicious cycle where future generations continue to face punitive taxes their ancestors paid multiple times. Rural America needs a tax code that promotes multi-generational, family owned businesses instead of chopping them up.”

Current Death Tax relief is set to expire at the end of 2025, and it is vital that Congress acts soon and provides permanent relief for our family operations. If the federal estate tax exemption reverts to pre-2017 limits, coupled with the rapid inflation of

farmland values, many more families will be subject to the Death Tax. NCBA Welcomes USDA Pilot Program to Expand Remote Grading for Beef. Program Will Help More Cattle Producers Access Additional Value Through USDA Quality Grades. Recently, NCBA welcomed the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) announcement that the agency is pursuing a Remote Grading Pilot Program for beef. The pilot program will allow a USDA meat grader to assign grades from a remote location, increasing the grading options available to producers who sell into smaller, local processing facilities.

“The USDA quality grades of prime, choice, and select are instantly recognized by consumers and are an important way for cattle producers to be rewarded for raising high quality beef,” said NCBA Vice President of Government Affairs Ethan Lane. “NCBA is glad that USDA is launching this Remote Grading Pilot Program and expanding opportunities for meat grading to occur in smaller, local processing facilities. This will increase marketing opportunities for cattle producers and help them capture more value from their product.”

The USDA quality grades have become recognized by consumers as important indicators of beef quality, flavor, and eating experience. While many large meat processing plants provide this grading, the costs of maintaining a USDA grader on-site are often too high for smaller, local, and regional processing facilities. This pilot program will help ensure that smaller processors have access to USDA grading, too, which in turn benefits the cattle producers who sell to these smaller processors by ensuring that their beef receives a quality grade as well.

NCBA looks forward to working with USDA to implement and evaluate this pilot program.

About the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. NCBA has represented America’s cattle producers since 1898, preserving the heritage and strength of the industry through education and public policy. As the largest association of cattle producers, NCBA works to create new markets and increase demand for beef. Efforts are made possible through membership contributions. To join, contact NCBA at 866-BEEF-USA or membership@beef.org.

Contact these RAAC members to learn more about Red Angus genetics and how they can fit into your herd.

HARDROCK BEEF CATTLE Ronnie & Donna Holman 4613 Hickory Nut Ridge Road • Granite Falls, NC 828-302-8659 ronnie@hardrockbeefcattle.com JK RED ANGUS Jeff Banfield & Madison Adams 331 Tee Jay Farm Road • Aberdeen, NC 910-315-3821 jkredangus@gmail.com LANGDON RED ANGUS & SIMMENTAL John & Eileen Langdon 7728 Raleigh Road • Benson, NC 919-796-5010 johnlangdon5@gmail.com ROGERS CATTLE COMPANY Johnny & Sharon Rogers 945 Woodsdale Road • Roxboro, NC 336-504-7268 rccbeef@gmail.com PRESNELL RED ANGUS Jonathan & Jacob Presnell 368 Whitaker Road • Shelby, NC 704-473-2627 (Jonathan) • 704-616-8775 (Jacob) BULL HILL RANCH Jim & Alvina Meeks • Raymond Prescott, Manager 1986 Trinity Church Road • Gray Court, SC 864-682-3900 • 864-682-2828 bullhill2@mindspring.com

Cole Maness, President - scmaness3@gmail.com

PAGE 54

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

COUNTRY BOY FARMS David Miller 316 Key Road • Edgefield, SC 706-840-3709

Beef Promotion and Research Program

PRIVATE TREATY SALES CHECKOFF INVESTMENT FORM Information is required by (7 CRF 1260.201). Failure to report can result in a fine.

Information is held confidential (7 CRF 1260.203).

Today’s Date: ________________ Seller’s Name: ____________________________

Buyer’s Name: ____________________________

Address: _________________________________

Address: _________________________________

City: ________________ State: ____ Zip: ______

City: ________________ State: ____ Zip: ______

Seller’s Signature: _________________________

Buyer’s Signature: _________________________

Both the seller & the buyer are responsible for making sure that the $1.50 per head assessment is collected and remitted to the Beef Promotion & Research Board.

Total Number of Cattle Sold: ___________________ x $1.50 Per Head = $ _______________________ Date of Sale: __________________

Person remitting assessment form:

Seller

o

Buyer

o

* State of Origin of Cattle: ______________________ * If the cattle purchased came from another state within the last 30 days, indicate from which state the cattle were purchased.

Send Report and Remittance to:

SOUTH CAROLINA BEEF COUNCIL P.O. Box 11280 Columbia, SC 29211 According to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, an agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 0581-0093. The time required to complete this information collection is estimated to average 1.8 minutes per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disbility, sexual orientation, marital or family status, political beliefs, parental status, or protected genetic information. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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Choosing a Mineral Supplement — What can the tag tell you?

By LAURENTIA van RENSBURG Alltech Setting up an effective supplement program is more than simply finding the right mineral at the right price. Knowing your herd’s needs and thoughtfully comparing them to supplement labels will go a long way toward increasing profitability.

Here are the steps you can take to choose the right mineral supplement for your herd.

1. Define your goal - Beef animals require protein, energy, certain vitamins, and both macrominerals and microminerals on a regular basis.

Though minerals are needed at much lower levels than protein, they do perform vital functions directly correlated to animal health, growth, and reproductive efficiency. Even microminerals, also known as trace minerals, are essential to health, growth, and reproductive function, even though the amounts needed are very small.

The problem is that mineral amounts within cultivated forages vary between forage types and even from season to season, and they are often insufficient for the animal’s needs. Therefore, there is a need to supplement, and selecting a proper mineral supplementation strategy can become quite complicated with all the different product offerings and brands available.

In selecting the right program for your herd, it is helpful not only to understand your forage quality but also to think about what goals you want to achieve. Choosing a supplement merely to prevent a deficiency is a completely different strategy — at a completely different price point — than supplementing for optimized performance, health, and profitability.

So, how can you compare and evaluate supplementation programs and then select the appropriate program to support your herds’ nutritional needs and match your goals?

2. Look at the product tag - The first step will be to take a good look at the tag or tags of the products you are interested in. Product tags can be a wealth of information, as they can help you to understand not only the composition of the product but the quality of ingredients to a certain extent. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) regulates the information that has to be included, and the minimum requirements for a cattle supplement tag

PAGE 56

include: • Product and brand name • Purpose statement: This identifies the species and class of animal the product was created for.

• Guaranteed analysis: This gives you an idea of which minerals might be included and at what rates.

• List of ingredients: All ingredients included in the formulation must be listed in descending order of predominance by weight, though they may not be included in the guaranteed analysis. This is where additives, such as enzymes or yeast cultures, are listed if they are included in the formulation.

• Directions for use or any limitations/precautions • Manufacturer and/or distributor information Let’s start by focusing on the guaranteed analysis section of the tag.

First, keep in mind that various factors will affect how much of any given mineral an animal will need across its lifespan.

Requirements will vary by age, stage of production, and mineral availability in forages. To find out a particular animal’s needs, you can consult references readily available online, or your Alltech rep will be glad to advise you.

Next, calculate whether the animal’s needs will be met by this particular supplement. Note that these calculations can be confusing since vitamins are listed in international units — per kilogram (kg) or pound (lb.) — while macrominerals are listed as percentages (%) and trace minerals are listed as parts per million (ppm).

Again, your Alltech rep can help you evaluate this, but here’s an example: If you see phosphorus (P) listed on the tag at 7% and the product is a 4 ounce mineral, then you can quickly calculate that since 4 ounces is 0.25 lb., 7% of that is 0.0175 lb. You can then easily compare this to the phosphorus requirement for the animal and decide whether, with the addition of the basal levels of phosphorus found in its forages and feedstuffs, the animal will be getting all the necessary phosphorus.

When comparing the pricing of different programs, also be sure to look at feeding rates, monitoring actual consumption if possible. When comparing two different brands, if one is a 4 ounce mineral and one is a 2 ounce mineral, you can divide the cost of a 50 pound bag by the number of feedings,

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

which will tell you the cost per animal per day — an easier comparison than just looking at the cost per bag.

3. Know the differences between forms of minerals - Another thing the tag can tell you is what form each mineral is in. This is vital information because when it comes to minerals, especially trace minerals, the form makes a big difference.

In fact, it’s much more important than the amount. This has to do with bioavailability, meaning how readily available the mineral is to be utilized by the animal’s body.

Trace minerals can be offered in both inorganic and organic forms.

• Inorganic trace minerals are often byproducts from the mining industry and other industrial processes. They are less expensive than organic options, which require the manufacturer to bind the mineral to peptides and amino acids.

However, that doesn’t always translate to cost savings in the long run, as inorganics must be fed at higher levels to overcome their poor bioavailability.

• Organic forms, which are more representative of what the animal would find in nature or forages and are thus more bioavailable, protecting profitability in the long run.

To know what sources of trace minerals are included in a particular supplement, check the ingredient list. The terms “sulfate,” “oxide,” or “chloride” will indicate inorganic forms, while “proteinate” indicates organic forms such as Bioplex trace minerals, which provide zinc, manganese, copper, iron, and cobalt in a bioavailable form that can be provided at lower levels while seeing better results.

The level of supplementation is extremely important. We have seen the negative health impacts associated with mineral deficiencies, but over supplementation, especially with

inorganic trace mineral sources, can be detrimental as well, leading to mineral-tomineral interactions and the degradation of other essential nutrients, including vitamins. Also, trace minerals that are not absorbed and utilized by the animal are simply excreted, causing not only waste but potential environmental harm.

Conclusion - While carefully reading a product’s tag and then comparing it to your animals’ specific needs across seasons and life cycles takes a little time, it quickly becomes second nature, and the payoff in herd health, profitability, and sustainability is substantial.

For example, optimizing trace mineral status in stressed animals such as stockers and receiving cattle can amplify their immunity and their responses to vaccines and certain health challenges, including bovine respiratory disease.

The benefits to reproductive efficiency have also been well documented: getting more cows bred earlier in the cycle, higher conception rates, improvements in the number of embryos harvested and in embryo quality, better passive immune transfer, and heavier calves at weaning.

Supplementation with organic trace minerals such as Bioplex minerals can even affect fetal programming during gestation, boosting the reproductive development and performance of the developing calf, even while in utero.

Keep in mind that just as there are differences between inorganic and organic trace minerals, there are also different categories and brands of organic trace minerals. Not all brands are equal in quality, and that can translate to major impacts on overall bioavailability and animal performance. Always ask for product specific research when you make your decision.

Regular copy deadline is MARCH 5 for the FEBRUARY issue.

Is there a problem?

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Pasture Management Systems, Inc.

MILE OF FENCE PROGRAM New Members by County in 2023 (as of 12-31-23) Alamance 5 Alexander 4 Alleghany 2 Anson 4 Ashe 8 Avery 0 Beaufort 2 Bertie 2 Bladen 3 Brunswick 2 Buncombe 91 Burke 2 Cabarrus 3 Caldwell 1 Camden 24 Carteret 0 Caswell 1 Catawba 10 Chatham 8 Cherokee 2 Chowan 0 Clay 0 Cleveland 26 Columbus 1 Craven 1

Cumberland 2 Currituck 1 Dare 0 Davidson 8 Davie 7 Duplin 15 Durham 2 Edgecombe 3 Forsyth 5 Franklin 15 Gaston 4 Gates 0 Graham 0 Granville 9 Greene 3 Guilford 9 Halifax 13 Harnett 4 Haywood 77 Henderson 70 Hertford 0 Hoke 1 Hyde 0 Iredell 10 Jackson 3

Johnston 12 Jones 0 Lee 3 Lenoir 2 Lincoln 7 McDowell 4 Macon 143 Martin 2 Madison 4 Mecklenburg 1 Mitchell 0 Montgomery 2 Moore 4 Nash 5 New Hanover 0 Northampton 1 Onslow 3 Orange 4 Pamlico 0 Pasquotank 0 Pender 1 Perquimans 85 Person 5 Pitt 7 Polk 5

Grand Total

Randolph 86 Richmond 4 Robeson 3 Rockingham 35 Rowan 6 Rutherford 4 Sampson 5 Scotland 0 Stanly 0 Stokes 44 Surry 18 Swain 1 Transylvania 24 Tyrrell 0 Union 10 Vance 4 Wake 17 Warren 6 Washington 0 Watauga 7 Wayne 8 Wilkes 8 Wilson 65 Yadkin 3 Yancey 0

1,121

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PAGE 59

New NCCA Members for 2024 In 2007, the NCCA Membership Committee passed a resolution to recognize all NEW members, defined as someone who has never been a member or has rejoined after a break in membership, in The Carolina Cattle Connection. Below are NCCA’s new members for the last month: Out-of-State Jimmy Holliman – Circle H Cattle Farm – Alabama Phillip McCraw - Virginia Alamance County Michael Hadley – Hadley Farms James D. Lamm Ashe County Keith W. Setzer – North Fork Farms Bladen County Hilton Monroe Hog Farm Michelle Norris – Norris Farms Inc. Buncombe County Timothy Heath – Biltmore Livestock

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Catawba County Stephane Billod Girard – Texas Sky Ranch Laura Parker – Bandys Livestock (Bandys High FFA) Cleveland County Jonathan Grigg – Superior Braunvieh Farms Chris Tomberlin – Tomberlin Ranch Duplin County Chris Civils – Triple C Family Farm Forsyth County Kathy L. Doub Granville County Christopher Fagan – Nelson Acres Henry N. Thorp, Jr. Henderson County Ethan Pressley – Bam Bam Cattle Company & Farm Jabbo Pressley - BamBam Cattle Company & Farm

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Iredell County Rick Ankrum – The 909 Ranch Johnston County Danny Kornegay – Kornegay Family Farms Lee County Cody Baxter – A&B Farms David Rehbein – DC Cattle Company Macon County Alisson Jimena Balderas Rubin Elizabeth Bennett Montana Boatwright William Logan Bradley Stephanie Brinkley Branch Browning Aaron Bryson Shyann Buchanan Alyssa Byrd Kimber Cable Timmy Carter Daniel Clavette Jadyn Coffey Maggie Colagerakis Samantha Collins Elizabeth Cook Ryder Cortopassi Nicholas Davis Shea Deshane Jose Dominguez Cayden Donahue Preston Douglas Kaitlyn Skye Duvall Gabe Evans Gabriella Evans Julessa Hayes Joshua Cromer Heard Lucan Henry Natalie Henry Nathan Hilbern Alexis Hope Morgyn Howell Mya Hughes Levi Jacobs Anderson Jenkins Carter Johnson Callie Kirkland Keriston Locklear Jessica Garcia Lopez Jose Luna Wesley Matson Lillyannah Matthews Madison McClure Hannah Montney Luis Montorez Juan Olvera Nikaylan Owle Elvis Pacheco Vasquez Melany Palomino Gonzalez Emily Pazar April Aparicio Perez Ulises Padron Perez Pacie Parrish

Richard Caden Phillips Dalton Pitts Sabrina Pooler Addisyn Posey Brandi L. Raines Rolando Rangel Madison Riddering Zoie Rodgers Lydia Rodriguez Wyatt C. Roebuck Jasmine Sanders Mason Schulte Izabelle Scruggs Payton Seymour Donavin Shaw J. Mac Sinclair Ilasi Solesbee Trey Sorvillo Ava Spalding Dustin Spates Abigayle Stilwell Chloe Danielle Tarter Virgil Valentine Jennifer Westerman Jordan Westerman Joshua R. Wilkerson Aspen Winegar Moore County Avery K. Jones – 4 J Farms Orange County Watt Parker – Parker Farms of Orange Company Perquimans County Jacob Besso Kanye Brothers Lilah Byrum Tyler Byrum Julian Dance Marshall Davenport Asia Fletcher Kyla Gordon Gage Harris Ah’Manti Jones Kaydence Kisner Riley Lamb Landon Meding Chloe Riddick Rebecha Schmelter Damiana Sutton Peyton Trueblook Jer’Mayia Whidbee Kalie White De’Qua’Vyona Winborne Wayne Worrell Pitt County J.R. Lewis Farms

Randolph County Jerzie Asbill Gracie Beane Ty Davis Daniel Fernandez Kallie Garner Christina Garrison – Larry Walker Farm Kendall Goss Justice Kivette Cadence Lemon Breanna Mercantini Isaiah Silk Alyssa Wise Alana Zudonyi Richmond County Steve Reams – Steve Reams Quarter Horses Rockingham County Kathleen Messick – River’s Edge Farm Surry County Avareese Branch Braiden Brindle Justin Levi Burris Grayson Collins Eli Holyfield Cesia Jazmin Jeromino dela Cruz Charles Dalton Lane Lynzee Warren

Vance County Blake Wright – Wright Family Farms Wake County Meredith Crawford – Pepperwood Farm Logan Pope – Lizard Lick Land & Cattle Warren County David B. Clary – Pat-Da Farms Wayne County Braxton Hood – Falling Creek Cattle Company

276-228-5024 Wytheville, Virginia

8 ft Concrete Feed Bunks

U or J Bunks - $200 • Calf Bunks - $150

Wilkes County Artie Walker – Artie Walker Farms Ricky Williams Wilson County Pamela Hawkins James B. Hunt, Jr. Tyler & Elizabeth Lamm – Southern Legacy Cattle Company Jacob Moore Yadkin County Scotland Rawley

Farm Credit News AgCarolina Farm Credit Awards Over $50,000 in Grant Funds.

AgCarolina Farm Credit announces $50,500 in grants have been extended to eighteen organizations through its corporate-giving program. The grants will aid recipients in carrying out programs specifically benefiting farmers and rural residents in central, eastern, and southeastern North Carolina.

Grants up to $5,000 per organization were awarded at a reception held at The Martinsborough in Greenville, N.C., in one of the four focus areas of Education, Environment, Technology, or Quality of Rural Life to the following organizations: • Albermarle Area 4-H Livestock Show and Sale • Bladen Community College • Boone Trail Emergency Services • Corinth Holders FFA • Eagle Wings Food Pantry

West End Precast

• Frink Middle FFA • Grantham Volunteer Fire Department • Inter-Faith Food Shuttle • Lumber River United Way • N.C. Envirothon • Onslow County Cooperative Extension • Perquimans County School Foundation • Rocky Mount – Wilson Regional Airport ARFF Team • Silver Lake Volunteer Fire Department • Terra Ceia FFA • The Open Door of Perquimans County • Wilson County 4-H Livestock Programs AgCarolina Chief Executive Officer Evan Kleinhans states, “The AgCarolina corporate giving fund has awarded over $590,000 in grant funds to benefit the rural and agricultural communities of our North Carolina service area since 2005. AgCarolina is committed to partnering with organizations to enhance the quality of life and opportunities for

Water Troughs • Pads • Silo Sides Septic Tanks • Reservoirs

rural residents of central, eastern, and southeastern North Carolina.”

The application period for 2024 grants opens as of March 1. For more information, please visit agcarolina.com.

About AgCarolina Farm Credit.

AgCarolina Farm Credit is a memberowned financial cooperative with headquarters in Greenville, North Carolina. They are the leading provider of credit to full and part-time farmers in central, eastern, and southeastern North Carolina. AgCarolina Farm Credit has over $3 billion in loans and commitments outstanding to nearly 6,000 members across their 46 county territory. Loans are made to finance land, homes, farm buildings, operating expenses, livestock, and equipment, as well as other purposes

The Carolina Cattle Connection

across their 46 county territory. Federally chartered and a part of the national Farm Credit System, Carolina Farm Credit is locally owned by its members.

AgCarolina Farm Credit helps achieve goals and dreams while strengthening communities. Carolina Farm Credit owes its successes to its members and appreciates their support in helping them grow and remain financially strong.

Each member has a direct impact on the association’s continued growth and the payment of patronage. Returning a patronage refund is evidence of their commitment to their members and the cooperative principles, which makes AgCarolina Farm Credit the most reliable and trusted agricultural lender in the area.

q FEBRUARY 2024

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NEWS Innovating Animal Health: The Journey Beyond Nutrition. If you know much about BioZyme, chances are you might have heard of Larry Ehlert. Ehlert, a former feed salesman, founded BioZyme in the 1950s across the street from the Saint Joseph, Missouri Stockyards. He subsequently purchased a patent and marketing rights to an unheard of direct fed microbial produced from a fungus called Aspergillus oryzae, the basis of Amaferm, or what today we call AO-Biotics Amaferm.

Ehlert was a visionary. He started producing and selling supplements with Amaferm in them; one of the first was VitaFerm, which still exists today. But he knew producers didn’t know about direct fed microbials and wanted to get them exposed to the emerging technology.

He knew the best way to educate cattle producers about Amaferm was through

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the animal health sector. Who did they trust for advice in the 1970s? Their veterinarians.

“Larry’s instinct was to work with vets because they understood the stress that livestock endured at specific time periods of life. If Larry could bring Amaferm to the animal health business through veterinarians, their clients could see how fast it works in times of stress, and Larry would have the buy-in of the vet. Then, the producers might better understand what Amaferm could do in a mineral program,” explained Kevin Glaubius, long time BioZyme employee and area sales manager in Nebraska.

After establishing a mineral program, BioZyme later began introducing animal health or small pack products that helped manage the side effects of stress in situations like weaning, hauling, processing, illness, diet changes, or

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

environmental changes. These products were originally sold as powders and boluses made for all species and formed the basis for BioZyme’s Vita Charge Technology.

“Vets didn’t always have the time or space to sell 50 pound bags of mineral.

But they could recommend these smaller products that worked fast and helped build immunity or got calves to the bunk or water tank faster,” Glaubius said.

The Evolution of Vita Charge Technology - With Ehlert’s foresight, the Vita Charge products of the 1970s grew and evolved. Livestock and pet enthusiasts appreciated the rapid response of these products, and Vita Charge increased in popularity. As time and technology evolved, so did the product offering.

Powders and boluses transitioned to pastes, liquids, and tubs. The pastes eventually evolved to easier to use water based gels in 2018 when BioZyme purchased Cogent Solutions Group in Lexington, Kentucky.

This proved to be a pivotal point in the evolution of all Vita Charge products.

Cogent, a trailblazer in the research, development, and production of liquid and gel products in the human and equine industries, brought a wealth of manufacturing knowledge to BioZyme.

With the purchase of Cogent, BioZyme could now make all Vita Charge products, with the exception of tubs, “in house,” utilizing cutting edge technology and automation.

What is the Vita Charge Technology? According to Ignacio Ipharraguerre, Ph.D., director of research and innovation, the primary focus in developing the Vita Charge Technology was to rapidly safeguard the gut from potential harm. The gut serves various vital functions, including a crucial role in maintaining animals in optimal health and well being.

“Unfortunately, the inner layer of the gut, known as the mucosa, undergoes rapid renewal, rendering it highly susceptible to the impacts of stressful events. Simply put, any type of stress, even psychological stress, affects the gut mucosa, diminishing its protective barrier function. This protective function

is crucial to prevent harmful inflammation and preserve the animal’s ability to digest and absorb nutrients,” he said.

The gut can become dysfunctional within minutes following exposure to stressful situations such as transportation, vaccination, or negative interactions with other animals or caregivers. Although these adverse effects may be brief, they undoubtedly create a gateway for significant issues to arise. Consequently, Ipharraguerre and his team worked to create a rapid and effective solution to safeguard animal performance, health, and overall well being during and after stressful periods.

“This foundational work, which extended over several years, involved indepth research and analysis to understand the intricate ways in which Amaferm and MOS interact with biological processes. The result is a comprehensive understanding of their synergistic effects, ensuring that Vita Charge is not just a product of development but a culmination of years of dedicated investigation and knowledge building,” Ipharraguerre explains.

Stress also tends to deplete certain nutrients more than others. This is largely due to the “fight or flight” response prioritizing the support of the heart, lungs, and muscles. During this physiological survival mode, the digestive process also ceases to be of high priority. The body will either immediately try to get rid of

any undigested food (causing diarrhea) or will simply slow down.

The Vita Charge Technology is comprised of a unique blend of ingredients to help support animal health before, during, or after the stress response. Every product with Vita Charge Technology contains an exact amount of B vitamins, vitamin E, potassium, zinc, MOS, and Amaferm. In addition, a precisely defined salt to sugar ratio was developed and incorporated into the technology to support hydration. This combination provides an undeniable impact on livestock under stress, embodying BioZyme’s overall purpose to provide “care that comes full circle.”

Vita Charge Technology in 2024 and Beyond - Although Ehlert had the foresight to position BioZyme as an animal health company nearly half a century ago, BioZyme has long been known for the many nutritional supplements found within the BioZyme family of brands. Brands like VitaFerm, Sure Champ, DuraFerm, Gain Smart, and Vitalize are becoming more familiar with livestock producers and equine enthusiasts.

In 2024, BioZyme will integrate the Vita Charge products into two of BioZyme’s more popular brand lines. The production of cattle products like Stress Tubs and five liter Cattle Drench will be marketed under the VitaFerm label.

All gels, Liquid Boost, and the 32 ounce

Be a winner! Join your local cattlemen’s association AND your state cattlemen’s association!

Cattle Drench will be marketed under the Sure Champ label.

“Both of the Sure Champ and VitaFerm names are really well known brands within our industry. We feel that this transition will be a simple one with some good education and perhaps less confusion with an extra brand,” said Lori Lawrence, senior manager of commercial marketing. “We have spent months working on this project, and we know we will continue to provide an undeniable impact to the livestock industry with our Vita Charge Technology, now found in our customer’s favorite BioZyme brands.”

All formulas will remain the same; only brand names will be slightly different, but the products will be marketed “with Vita Charge Technology” to help eliminate any confusion. For example, Liquid Boost will become Sure Champ Liquid Boost with Vita Charge technology. Same formula, same great results.

One product name will change. The Vita Charge Gel will become Sure Champ Appetite Plus, indicating more of its direct impact on the animal.

Glaubius encourages livestock producers who haven’t used the products to find a dealer near them and try the products with Vita Charge Technology.

He reminds users that the unique formulas work to support animals against a broad spectrum of unintended side effects from stress, something we often cannot control.

“The carefully crafted combination of Amaferm, MOS, B vitamins, and other ingredients by BioZyme’s team of research scientists and nutritionists have been proven time and time again to help animals before, during, and after stressful situations,” Glaubius said.

To learn more about the full range of products, visit VitaFerm or Sure Champ.

About BioZyme Inc. BioZyme Inc., founded in 1951, develops and manufactures natural, proprietary products focused on animal nutrition, health, and microbiology. With a continued commitment to research, BioZyme offers a complete line of feed additives and high density, highly available vitamin, mineral, trace mineral, and protein supplements for a variety of animals, including cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, goats, horses, and dogs.

BioZyme brands include AO-Biotics ®, VitaFerm®, Gain Smart®, Vita Charge®, Sure Champ®, Vitalize®, DuraFerm®, and Backyard Boost®. With headquarters in St. Joseph, Mo., the company reaches a global market of customers that stretches into countries across five continents. For more information about BioZyme, visit www.biozymeinc.com.

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The Extension Punts Farm Bill Fight to 2024 In November 2023, President Biden signed a continuing resolution into law, avoiding a government shutdown and extending the 2018 Farm Bill through September 30. Now, lawmakers will have a few extra months to work on crafting the next Farm Bill, but not in the best of times.

“Right now in Congress, the majorities in both chambers are hairline fracture thin between Republicans and Democrats. Many Republicans are hesitant to vote for big ticket bills that they have to go home and discuss with their constituents,” said NCBA Executive Director of Government Affairs Allison Rivera. “With continued inflation and a need for strong safety nets for producers, we have to stress to policymakers why these Farm Bill dollars are an important investment to avoid much larger spending in the future.”

One of the clearest examples of this

investment is the money funding the National Animal Vaccine and Veterinary Countermeasures Bank (NAVVCB), which currently houses the foot-andmouth disease (FMD) vaccine. The investments Congress made to stand up the bank in 2018 and the additional investments to maintain it is minuscule compared to the billions of dollars the economy would lose if an FMD outbreak were to occur in the United States.

While the Farm Bill extension prevents the expiration of many risk management and voluntary conservation programs, the pause also delays Congress’ action to improve upon the last Farm Bill and make it even stronger and beneficial to cattle producers.

“The reliance on extensions means Congress is ‘kicking the can down the road,’ and that creates real uncertainty for cattle producers across the country.

When you’re wondering every few

months whether or not critical Farm Bill programs will be available and have the funding they need, it is difficult to plan for the future,” Rivera said.

One example NCBA frequently points to is the popularity of programs like the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and Livestock Risk Protection (LRP).

“Both EQIP and LRP provide important support to cattle producers,” Rivera said. “EQIP provides technical and financial assistance to producers’ voluntary conservation efforts while LRP protects against declines in the market.

With their popularity, Congress should continue to protect and bolster these

N.C. Cattle Receipts, Trends, and Prices for the Month of DECEMBER 2023 Cattle Receipts: 10,067

The 2024 version is now available to help cattle producers effectively & efficiently record daily production efforts, which can help enhance profitablity and reduce stress levels. In addition to Beef Quality Assurance (BQA) best practices and proper injection technique information, it has more than 100 pages to record calving activity, herd health, pasture use, cattle inventory, body condition, cattle treatment, A.I. breeding records, and more. It also contains a calendar and notes section.

Simply return the order form below, along with $7.00 for each book to: N.C. Cattlemen’s Association 2228 N. Main Street Fuquay Varina, NC 27526 You can now order them through our website at www.nccattle.com/resources/merchandise/red-book-order-form.

You can also call our office at 919-552-9111 or email us at kim@nccattle.com.

•

Previous Month: 16,332

Feeder supply - 18% steers • 44% heifers • 38% bulls

IRM Red Books Are Here We would like to thank Performance Livestock & Feed Company and Carolina Stockyards for again sponsoring this book.

programs, which is what we continually ask for.”

While the Farm Bill extension relieves some of the pressure on Congress to craft the next Farm Bill, it pushes these debates to an even more politically charged time. Next year is a major presidential and congressional election year, which means policymakers will be highly focused on winning elections and the ramifications of the votes they take in an election year.

While the Farm Bill contains many important agricultural provisions, the vast majority of the legislation focuses on food and welfare programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance

SLAUGHTER CLASSES Avg. Wt.

Cows - % Lean

Breaker 1,538

Boner 1,312

Lean 1,045

$90.82 $92.03 $79.87

$113.12

Bulls - Yield Grade 1-2

1,528

Price

FEEDER CLASSES

FEEDER STEERS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 423 $245.01 $1,036.39 450-500 475 $239.63 $1,138.24 500-550 520 $220.39 $1,146.03 550-600 571 $212.59 $1,213.89 600-650 627 $208.39 $1,306.61 650-700 677 $199.05 $1,347.57

FEEDER BULLS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 420 $220.61 $926.56 450-500 472 $212.44 $1,002.72 500-550 523 $203.69 $1,065.30 550-600 573 $197.48 $1,131.56 600-650 623 $179.95 $1,121.09 650-700 670 $169.01 $1,132.37

FEEDER HEIFERS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 422 $201.51 $850.37 450-500 474 $197.67 $936.96 500-550 523 $189.23 $989.67 550-600 573 $182.80 $1,047.14 600-650 619 $167.52 $1,036.95 650-700 669 $162.85 $1,089.47

Source: N.C. Dept. of Agriculture - USDA Market News Service, Raleigh, N.C. - 919-707-3156

PAGE 64

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Program (SNAP). These issues are always politically charged, and the passage of the Farm Bill is usually seen as a compromise between elected officials who represent urban and suburban districts voting for the bill for the food programs while rural officials are voting for the farm programs.

These federal nutrition programs also dominate the campaign trail conversations around the Farm Bill.

“Programs like SNAP are often included in political campaign messaging, and we expect even more politicking around these topics during an election year,” Rivera said.

The margins in Congress have become even tighter in recent weeks.

Previously, Republicans in the House of Representatives could only afford to lose four votes, which created numerous

challenges during government funding negotiations because a small group of Congress members were willing to vote against appropriations bills due to the price tag. With the recent expulsion of one member and several announced resignations, the majority is getting even smaller. Still, NCBA remains optimistic about our ability to achieve important Farm Bill provisions for cattle producers.

“NCBA is up on Capitol Hill every day advocating for you — our members. You also continued to talk to your representatives and senators about the Farm Bill provisions that are important, and this is still extremely crucial. I urge you to continue having those conversations, and NCBA will keep fighting for a strong Farm Bill that supports cattle producers,” Rivera said.

S.C. Cattle Receipts, Trends, and Prices for the Month of DECEMBER 2023 Cattle Receipts: 6,971

•

Previous Month: 10,067

Feeder supply - 21% steers • 45% heifers • 34% bulls SLAUGHTER CLASSES

Avg. Wt.

Cows - % Lean

Breaker 1,447

Boner 1,230

Lean 1,055

$98.78 $100.04 $91.54

$118.36

Bulls - Yield Grade 1-2

1,603

Price

FEEDER CLASSES

FEEDER STEERS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 425 $252.11 $1,071.47 450-500 475 $244.25 $1,160.19 500-550 516 $249.37 $1,286.75 550-600 571 $235.99 $1,347.50 600-650 616 $223.85 $1,378.92 650-700 655 $217.00 $1,421.35

FEEDER BULLS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 427 $254.56 $1,086.97 450-500 476 $244.83 $1,165.39 500-550 522 $232.76 $1,215.01 550-600 558 $224.88 $1,254.83 600-650 616 $201.76 $1,242.84 650-700 652 $189.00 $1,232.28

FEEDER HEIFERS (Medium and Large 1-2) Wt. Range Avg. Wt. CWT Avg. Price 400-450 423 $214.65 $907.97 450-500 475 $208.71 $991.37 500-550 515 $206.92 $1,065.64 550-600 576 $204.66 $1,178.84 600-650 610 $191.10 $1,165.71 650-700 654 $180.69 $1,181.71

Source: S.C. Dept. of Agriculture - USDA Market News Service, Columbia, S.C. - 803-737-4491

Orangeburg Area Cattlemen’s Association Scholarship Program On December 14, the Orangeburg Area Cattlemen’s Association (OACA) held its annual Christmas party and presented several scholarships to students pursuing a higher education. A total of four $500 scholarships were awarded on behalf of the association by President Gene Crim and Larry Elmore, chairperson of the scholarship committee. All of the applicants were well deserving and had a passion for agriculture.

• Caroline Berry is a junior at Clemson University pursuing a bachelor of science in agricultural education and minoring in horticulture.

• Tabitha Swygert is a junior at Clemson University pursuing a bachelor of science in agricultural mechanization and business.

• Lauren Knight is a sophomore at Clemson University pursuing a bachelor of science in plant and environmental sciences with an agronomy concentration and minoring in agricultural business

management.

• Cara Coker is a senior at Clemson University pursuing a bachelor of science in animal and veterinary sciences.

A fifth $500 scholarship was presented at the association’s December meeting. The Roger Thompson Scholarship is given in memory of the late Roger Thompson. His wife, Carolyn Thompson, and daughter and son-inlaw, Becky Thompson and Tom Furlong, present the award each year in his honor.

The Roger Thompson Scholarship is awarded to a deserving student pursuing higher education in an agricultural focused field. This year, Daniel Gerrick is the recipient. Daniel is a junior at Clemson University pursuing a bachelor of science in animal and veterinary sciences.

The Orangeburg Area Cattlemen’s Association’s scholarship committee would like to thank all applicants who applied for this year’s scholarships.

Pictured left to right - front row Nicole Correa (Orange County Livestock Agent), Cara Coker, Carolyn Thompson; back row - Larry Elmore, Tabitha Swygert., Gene Crim, and Hunter Carson (Secretary of OACA).

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

PAGE 65

Rabo AgriFinance

NEWS

North America based RaboResearch Team Expanding. RaboResearch appoints four highly accomplished research analysts to serve Rabobank and Rabo AgriFinance clients. Rabo AgriFinance, a subsidiary of Rabobank, a leading global food and agribusiness bank, announces the expansion and strengthening of the RaboResearch Food & Agribusiness (F&A) team in North America by welcoming Chase Beisly, Eric Gibson, Charlotte Talbott, and Matt Lewis to the growing team.

Rabobank’s RaboResearch F&A group is a global team of more than 80 analysts who monitor and evaluate global market events that affect food and agriculture worldwide. The new members join more than 20 analysts based in North America who are internationally respected experts in sectors ranging from dairy to produce and farm inputs to consumer foods and beverages. The F&A team discerns key insights into agricultural markets, conducts in-depth analysis of the factors that drive sector success or failure, and examines megatrends that ultimately influence clients’ business strategies.

“With the appointments of Chase, Eric, Charlotte, and Matt, we have cultivated a dynamic team with deep knowledge of the growing trends in North America’s agricultural markets,” said Roland Fumasi, head of RaboResearch North America. “Their combined insightful analysis and industry engagement will continue to support our North American clients across the entire food value chain in feeding the world.”

Chase Beisly joins the RaboResearch team as an animal protein analyst to leverage his practical livestock and farming

background with direct research and project management experience. Beisly comes to Rabobank from Seaboard Foods, the largest U.S. owned pork producer, where he served as a business logistics analyst. His expertise working with both primary producers and industry leaders in the animal protein value chain and his agricultural data analysis experience will complement the world class animal protein team.

Beisly holds a Master of Science in agricultural and applied economics, a bachelor’s in agribusiness management, and a minor in agricultural systems management from the University of Missouri. He enjoys staying involved with his family’s livestock and farming operation.

Eric Gibson joins the team as a farm inputs and crop production sustainability analyst with experience in effectively building robust relationships with U.S. crop producers and coordinating industry sustainability efforts. He brings a handson farming and livestock background combined with ten years of industry experience in market research and data analysis, and agricultural marketing.

Gibson comes to Rabobank after serving as a fusion leader and intelligence analyst at Aimpoint Research. He also spent six years with the U.S. Soybean Export Council in both industry relations manager and stakeholder relations positions, where he helped coordinate USSEC’s sustainability program.

Gibson attended the University of Missouri, where he earned a bachelor’s in agriculture with concentrations in animal and plant sciences, economics and communications, and minors in rural sociology and leadership in agriculture.

He enjoys staying involved with his

January

February

Darlington

1,205

Laurens

family’s cattle and farming operation.

Charlotte Talbott joins the team as the animal agriculture sustainability analyst and brings a strong background in applied agricultural research and a passion for livestock sustainability.

She has experience working closely with research institutions, industry partners, and producers to make practical contributions to the food and agriculture industry’s understanding of challenges and opportunities regarding sustainability.

Prior to joining Rabobank, Talbott served as associate director of beef sustainability research at the National Cattleman’s Beef Association (NCBA), where she managed sustainability research projects under NCBA’s Beef Checkoff program to advance the environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability in the beef industry.

Talbott attended N.C. State University, where she earned both a Master of Science degree and a bachelor’s in animal science with minors in crop science and agricultural business management. Her research has earned her various grants, scholarships, and awards and has been published in the Journal of Animal Science.

Matt Lewis joins the team as a consumer food and beverage sustainability analyst with a career squarely focused on the intersection of finance and environmental sustainability.

He has collaborated with global corporate clients and investors to help further their journey around sustainability and other ESG related goals.

Previously, he served as a senior ESG consultant at Aeterra, LLC, where he coordinated and conducted both buy and sell side ESG related reviews for merger and acquisition transactions in various industries, including food and beverage.

Lewis held related roles at Adams Street Partners and ABN AMRO, where he focused on investment strategy and risk management related to ESG. Lewis holds a master’s degree in law, justice, and culture and a bachelor’s in cultural anthropology from Ohio University. He also earned a chartered financial analyst certificate in ESG investing.

About Rabobank. Rabobank Group is a global financial services leader providing wholesale and retail banking, leasing, and real estate services in more than 38 countries worldwide. Founded over a century ago, Rabobank today is one of the world’s largest banks with over $660 billion in assets. In the Americas, Rabobank Wholesale Banking North America is a premier corporate and investment bank for the food, agribusiness, commodities, and energy industries.

Rabo AgriFinance, a subsidiary of Rabobank, is a leading financial services provider for farmers, ranchers, and agribusinesses in the United States. Together, we provide sector expertise, strategic counsel, and tailored financial solutions to clients across the entire value chain. Visit www.

RabobankWholesaleBankingNA.com and www.RaboAg.com.

Regular copy deadline is FEBRUARY 5 for the MARCH issue e!

ls Or e

Spotlight material is due FEBRUARY 1 for the MARCH issue

2023 South Carolina Sale Barn Cattle Receipts March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

1,103

2,424

1,360

1,973

1,547

921

1,789

1,138

1,921

1,413

792

1,755

1,219

1,619

1,506

1,593

1,616

911

1,484

1,328

1,460

1,114

941

Orangeburg

998

1,093

1,214

966

1,308

936

778

1,032

1,170

949

939

620

Saluda

2,785

2,511

2,739

2,670

3,311

3,585

2,122

3,854

3,713

3,553

2,690

1,588

Williamston

2,646

2,220

2,975

2,321

2,413

3,000

1,848

2,938

2,654

2,598

2,768

1,334

PAGE 66

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

CHUCK

SHANK

CHUCK

BRISKET

RIB

PLATE

RIB

LOIN

SIRLOIN

ROUND SHANK

FLANK

LOIN

SIRLOIN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

ROUND

INGEDIENT CUTS

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

LEAN

BRISKET LEAN

LEAN

PLATE & FLANK LEAN

LEAN

KEY TO RECOMMENDED COOKING METHODS GRILL or BROIL PAN BROIL/ SKILLET

BRAISE/ POT ROAST

LEAN

These cuts meet the government guidelines for lean, based on cooked servings, visible fat trimmed

ROAST

STIR-FRY

INDIRECT GRILLING

SKILLET TO OVEN

* MARINATE BEFORE COOKING FOR BEST RESULTS

A cut of cooked fresh meat is considered ‘lean’ when it contains less than 10 grams of total fat, 4.5 grams or less of saturated fat, andless tahn 95 mg of cholesterol per 100 grams(3½ oz) and per RACC (Reference Amount Customarily Consumed), which is 85 grams (3 oz.)

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

PAGE 67

What is Climate Neutral Beef?

By EMILY STACKHOUSE Alltech Beef sustainability encompasses the multifaceted environmental, economic, and social aspects of production systems that upcycle feedstuffs inedible for humans into high quality beef protein for human consumption. Discussion around the environmental impacts associated with beef production often focuses on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a measurable value. Carbon footprints are a tool for quantifying those emissions to benchmark baseline GHG production of beef systems.

Carbon footprints include three main GHGs — carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) — and each has a different global warming potential (GWP). The GWP is a measure of how much heat a gas will absorb in the atmosphere in relation to CO2 over a given time frame. The larger the GWP, the more that gas warms the earth compared to CO2. Carbon footprints are expressed as carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-eq), which accounts for the different GWP of each GHG relative to CO2.

As companies set sustainability goals to reach net zero emissions by 2050, carbon footprints are one piece of the GHG accounting puzzle. The IPCC has concluded that net zero emissions by 2050 will be necessary to remain consistent at 34.7°F of warming, and net zero is recognized as the international goal to bring the climate crisis to a halt.

Similarly, the Paris Agreement, set in 2015 as an international treaty on climate change, states its goals in terms of temperature, targeting global warming limits of less than 35.6°F Carbon neutral, net zero, or climate positive? Whether emissions goals are discussed in relation to temperature or volume reductions, several terms are

used interchangeably, often leading to confusion. “Carbon neutral,” “net zero,” and “climate positive” sound similar, and all can be used to describe emissions (CO2 or CO2-eq) above, below, or at a net level of zero — but they refer to different GHG accounting outcomes.

Carbon neutral refers to a business removing the same amount of CO2 from the atmosphere as it releases, thus making the carbon accounting balance zero.

Net zero emissions balance the total GHGs emitted by activity, not just CO2, with an equivalent amount of removed, reduced, or avoided emissions from the atmosphere. For example, a beef production system may be classified as net zero if GHG emissions from the system are balanced by an equivalent amount sequestered on the land that produced the beef. Similarly to net zero, climate neutrality can be achieved by emitting GHGs at an equal rate to their removal from the atmosphere.

Carbon negative and climate positive are used interchangeably and generally refer to the same accounting outcome.

Both mean that an activity goes beyond achieving net zero by removing more CO 2-eq or CO 2 from the atmosphere than is emitted, thereby producing an additional environmental benefit. So, for example, beef production may be considered climate positive if more carbon was sequestered than emitted by the system.

Carbon positive is an additional term commonly used. It means that an entity produces more emissions than zero. Not to be confused with carbon negative, carbon positive describes most business as usual situations, as most companies produce more carbon than they remove from the atmosphere.

Figure 1 - Visualization of comparative warming impact of a single emission of a tonne of methane (CH4) or nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to a ton of carbon dioxide, averaged over 20 years and 100 years. Source: Crops and Soils.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

Figure 2 - Representation of the difference in atmospheric concentration responses for a scenario of constant annual emissions between long lived, stock gases such as CO2 and short lived, flow gases such as CH4. Adapted from Allen et al., 2018. Source: CLEAR Center Climate Neutrality White Paper.

Where is beef production on the negative, neutral, and positive scale?

In 2021, the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association (NCBA) verified the U.S. beef industry’s commitment to sustainability with the announcement of its environmental goal to attain climate neutrality in U.S. cattle production by 2040. In order for the beef sector to reach climate neutrality, innovation will be required, with a focus on methane emissions. Possible paths to climate neutrality for the beef and dairy sectors are discussed in a white paper published by the CLEAR Center (Place, S.E., and F.M. Mitloehner, 2021), highlighting the important fact that the GHG footprints of animal agriculture are largely made up of methane.

Applying metrics that account for warming differences in long lived CO2

and short lived CH4 emissions, animal agriculture’s goal of climate neutrality can be met by reaching net zero CO2 emissions combined with stable or declining emissions of short lived GHGs such as CH 4. Reducing enteric and methane emissions by 18–32 percent in the coming decades can help the cattle industry reach climate neutrality by 2050, but not without partnered reductions in emissions of CO2 and N2O from feed production, land use, and energy use (Place and Mitloehner, 2021).

In short, climate neutrality goals for the beef industry are obtainable within the timelines set, but the shift will require strong and constant collaboration throughout the agriculture sector to make sure that these goals in sustainable economic, social, and environmental outcomes are being met.

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

PAGE 69

Harnessing Sensors, Smart Devices, and A.I. Could Transform Agriculture

By SUZIE IRBY Virginia Tech Biosensing engineer Azahar Ali, assistant professor of animal sciences and biological systems engineering at Virginia Tech, is bracing for the arrival of a fourth agricultural revolution.

It’s an era predicted to tap into the transformative potential of the connective technologies that have arisen in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. To Ali, three technologies stand out for their potential to advance climate smart, precision agriculture: wearable agriculture sensors, Internet of Things enabled — or “smart” — devices, and artificial intelligence (A.I.).

In a review article published by Advanced Intelligent Systems, Ali and colleagues Matin Ataei Kachouei of the School of Animal Sciences and Ajeet Kaushik of Florida Polytechnic University wrote that merging these cutting edge technologies could create a paradigm shift in how the agricultural sector monitors food safety and quality and plant health

and productivity worldwide.

For Ali, prioritizing rapid, accurate, early monitoring will be critical to sustainably and safely feeding the fastgrowing global population, which is expected to be nearly 10 billion by 2050 and will require 50 percent more food to maintain the world’s food supply chain, according to the article.

According to the 2023 Global Agricultural Productivity, or GAP, Report, released through the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, the growth of global agricultural productivity has significantly contracted, and current efforts to sustainably expand production are inadequate.

Ali said researchers will need to collaborate to tap into the full potential of new technologies that could help producers keep up with future demand.

Agronomists need to work with experts in engineering, human and veterinary

medicine, and materials science.

“There’s a huge gap in this kind of collaboration,” Ali said. “I develop sensors, but I need to collaborate with experts in machine learning. We need to engage in more collaboration to solve the food crisis.”

In their article, Ali, Kachouei, and Kaushik laid out the recent progress researchers have made in applying sensors, smart devices, and A.I. in monitoring food and plants. They also

Continued on page 72

What Cuts the Premium?

By MATTHEW J. FISCHER Clemson University Long held tradition (and fact) states that feeder bulls will be discounted to feeder steers for obvious reasons. Does this always occur, and is it consistent? It depends. Observing USDA-AMS sale barn data from South Carolina between 2009-2023 for September marketings, when many calves are sold in the state, some interesting points appear. Figure 1 contains the movement of the price discount, or spread, between bulls and steers for two different weight classes, 400-499 lbs. and 600-699 lbs.

Using the price data between 20092023, three points are noticed.

• From 2014 through mid-2015, there was a significant increase in the discount rate from steers to bulls for the heavier calves.

• In the 2021 COVID-19 timeframe, a collapse was recorded in the spread discount between lighter and heavier feeder calves.

• Moving from 2021 to 2023, with higher marketing prices year by year, the discount spread increased.

What to expect? For feeder calves in the 400-499 lbs. weight class, the average discount for feeder bulls to feeder steers was $5.43/cwt with a minimum discount of $1.25/cwt and a maximum discount of $10.00/cwt. For the feeder calves in the 600-699 lbs. weight class, the average discount for feeder bulls to feeder steers was $12.30/cwt with a minimum discount of $6.07/cwt and a maximum discount of $26.60/cwt. The bull calf discount changes based on overall market conditions and feeding profitability. High prices may lead to a larger discount in some cases, see 2014 and 2015, due to the production risk of these calves.

So, does this help? A discount of feeder bulls to steers does exist for the 2009-2023 marketings. In none of the years did the discount disappear, but it varied widely. The spread on the discount between heavier and lighter calves can depend on price movements toward or away from historical averages and impacts on cattle markets outside the expected.

Figure 1. Source: Livestock Reports – South Carolina Department of Agriculture (n.d.).

PAGE 70

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

PAGE 71

Transform Agriculture continued from page 70 describe the potential and challenges of combining the technologies.

Food sensor technology has seen remarkable development, they wrote, with a focus on measuring toxins, humidity, pH, freshness, temperature, contaminants, and pathogens. Keeping tabs on these factors is key to food safety, food quality, and high packaging standards.

The researchers described how these sensing capabilities could be enhanced when paired with other technologies: With the pairing of sensors and smart devices, food, livestock, and plant sensing systems could precisely collect data in real time, on site, and at a large scale.

Next-generation networks could then quickly transmit the high-volume data generated by those systems.

A.I. could streamline data analysis through automatic data processing, the researchers wrote. A.I. could take

on the volumes of data generated by smart sensors, Ali said. Combined, smart devices and A.I. also offer the potential for predictive analysis, enabling producers to proactively anticipate challenges such as disease outbreaks and weather patterns.

Throughout the article, Ali and his colleagues highlighted examples of how researchers are currently exploring the integration of multiple technologies, including the development of electrochemical sensors used to detect disease biomarkers in cow milk, orange juice, and apple juice, and the use of microneedle based integrated plant sensors alongside smartphone based 3D printed devices to detect viruses in tomatoes.

Ali and his colleagues see promise in these solutions, but they also noted existing challenges for tapping into the

technologies of the fourth agricultural revolution: There are security concerns in data collection using smart sensors; the costs of sensors, network infrastructure, and data management could be prohibitive; and there could be internet connectivity issues when using smart

devices in the rural or remote areas where many farms are located.

To address those challenges, Ali pointed back to collaboration among scientists, policymakers, and farmers. “To solve our common problems, we need to work together,” he said.

Carolina Cooking Corned Beef Reuben Soup Total Time - 37 minutes 2 cups pre-cooked corned beef brisket, shredded 2 tablespoons butter ½ cup chopped onion ½ cup chopped celery ½ cup chopped carrot 1½ cups beef broth 1 tablespoon cornstarch 2 cups half-and-half 1 cup sauerkraut, chopped 1 cup shredded Swiss cheese ¼ teaspoon salt ¼ teaspoon pepper 2 slices rye bread, toasted Heat butter in a large saucepan on medium until hot. Add corned beef, onion, celery, and carrot; sauté 5-7 minutes or until vegetables are crisp-tender.

Combine broth and cornstarch in a small bowl; whisk until smooth; slowly add to saucepan. Bring to a boil; cook for 2 minutes or until thickened, stirring often.

Reduce heat. Add half-and-half

Corned Beef Reuben Soup

PAGE 72

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

and sauerkraut; simmer for 15 minutes, stirring often. Add cheese, salt, and pepper, as desired; stir until melted.

Garnish with rye bread, as desired.

Cook’s Tip: Serving Suggestion: Serve in a rye bread bowl, top with additional sauerkraut, celery leaves, and Thousand Island dressing.

Makes 4 servings.

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The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

ALL

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MARCH ISSUE by

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NDEX OF 15th Annual EBS Select Bull & Female Sale — THANK YOU ........... 32 2nd Annual Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale ..... 35 4K Farms/Tarheel Angus ............................................................. 74 49th Annual Union County Performance Tested Bull Sale ............. 42 51st Carolina Angus Futurity ........................................................ 27 72nd Annual N.C. Cattle Conference ............................................... 2 A5 Wagyu Production Sale ........................................................... 40 American Angus Association ....................................................... 28 American National Insurance — The Josey Agency ..................... 74 Apple Brandy Prime Cuts .............................................................. 8 Back Creek Angus ........................................................................ 74 Biltmore Livestock ..................................................................... 30 Black Crest Angus — BULLS FOR SALE ......................................... 31 Black Grove Angus ...................................................................... 74 Brubaker Family Angus ............................................................... 74 Carolinas Animal Health ............................................................. 74 Childers Concrete Company, Inc. ................................................ 62 Conquest Insurance Agency, Inc. ................................................ 74 Double J Farms LLC ..................................................................... 74 Dura•Cast ................................................................................... 38 E.B. Harris Auctioneers, Inc. ....................................................... 74 First Choice Insurance Partners — Donna Byrum ........................ 17 Flatlands Insurance Group — Ruth Fulford ................................. 52 Fowken Farms ............................................................................. 74 FPL Food LLC ............................................................................... 20 Fred Smith Company Ranch ........................................................ 74 G&E Virginia Premium Assured Heifer Sale ................................ 21 Gibbs Farms Inaugural Spring Sale ............................................. 37 Howard Brothers Farms .............................................................. 74 Hunt’s H+ Brangus Bull & Female Sale ........................................ 63 IRM Red Books — FOR SALE ........................................................ 64 Knoll Crest Farm Spring Bull & Female Sale ................................. 32 L.E. Smith Cattle Equipment ........................................................ 43 Locust Hill Cattle Company 3rd Annual Bull Sale .......................... 18

For Your Advertising Needs, Contact: The Carolina Cattle Connection • 919-552-9111 The Livestock Advertising Network • 859-278-0899

DVERTISERS March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas ............................... 34 Mid-Atlantic Cattle Sales — Stockyard Schedules ....................... 46 N.C. Angus Association Directory ............................................... 26 N.C. Cattlemen’s Association Membership Application .............. 60 N.C. Forage & Grasslands Council Winter Conference .................. 9 N.C. Hereford Association Directory .......................................... 22 N.C. Meat Suite ........................................................................... 51 N.C. Simmental Association ....................................................... 36 National Beef Checkoff/ North Carolina Cattle Industry Assessment ............................ 15 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Membership Application ......................................................... 48 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Membership Benefits .... 49 National Cattlemen’s Beef Association Recruitment .................. 47 Neverdun Farms Meat Processing .............................................. 45 Pasture Management & N.C. Cattlemen’s Association “Mile of Fence” Membership Program .................................... 58 Pearson Livestock Equipment .................................................... 16 Perry & Doris Teeter Beef Leadership Institute Alumni Reunion ... 3 Piedmont Emergency Animal Response Team — Animal Emergency Response Awareness Course ................. 71 Red Angus Association of the Carolinas Directory ...................... 54 Rusty Thomson & Family Cattle Fencing and Equipment ............ 69 Saluda County Cattlemen’s Association 32nd Annual Replacement Heifer Sale ...................................... 53 SimAngus Solution ..................................................................... 74 South Carolina Private Treaty Sale Checkoff Investment Form ... 55 Southern States — Mineral Madness! ......................................... 57 Springfield Angus ....................................................................... 74 The Barn Loft — Purina ............................................................... 39 The Carolina Cattle Connection 2024 Spotlight Schedule ............. 4 The Carolina Cattle Connection Advertising Rates & Sizes .......... 73 Virginia Herd Health Management Services ................................. 7 West End Precast — Feed Bunks .................................................. 62 West End Precast — Feed Bunks & Troughs ................................. 41 Whitehall Beefmasters ............................................................... 74 Wilders Wagyu ............................................................................ 74 Yon Family Farms Spring Bull & Female Sale ............................... 29 The Carolina Cattle Connection

q FEBRUARY 2024

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VENTS ANGUS Feb. 8 — 31st Edition UGA Focus on Genomic Enhanced EPDs Sale, Athens, Ga. Feb. 17 — Locust Hill Cattle Company 3rd Annual Bull Sale, Pelham, N.C. Feb. 17 — Yon Family Farms Spring Bull & Female Sale, Ridge Spring, S.C. Feb. 24 — Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Mt. Airy, N.C. Feb. 24 — Hunt’s H+ Brangus Bull & Female Sale, Calhoun, Ga. Feb. 24 — Saluda County Cattlemen’s Association 32nd Annual Replacement Heifer Sale, Saluda, S.C. Mar. 2 — Gibb Farms Inaugural Spring Sale, Ranburne, Ala. Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. Mar. 15 — S.C. Angus Association Annual Meeting & Banquet, Clemson, S.C. Mar. 15 — 51st Annual Carolina Angus Futurity, Clemson, S.C. Mar. 30 — G&E Virginia Premium Assured Heifer Sale Apr. 13 — Knoll Crest Farm Spring Bull & Female Sale, Red House, Va. Sep. 28 — Biltmore Livestock Sale, Asheville, N.C. Oct. 25 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Female Sale, Saluda, S.C. Oct. 26 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Bull Sale, Saluda, S.C. Nov. 2 — TJB Gelbvieh & Balancer Maternal Magic XIII Bull Sale, Chickamauga, Ga. Dec. 7 — 49th Annual Union County Performance Tested Bull Sale, Monroe, N.C. 2025 Jan. 4 — EBS Farms Select Bull & Female Sale, Norwood, N.C. Brangus Feb. 17 — Yon Family Farms Spring Bull & Female Sale, Ridge Spring, S.C. Feb. 24 — Hunt’s H+ Brangus Bull & Female Sale, Calhoun, Ga. Oct. 25 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Female Sale, Saluda, S.C. Oct. 26 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Bull Sale, Saluda, S.C. GELBVIEH Feb. 17 — Locust Hill Cattle Company 3rd Annual Bull Sale, Pelham, N.C. Feb. 24 — Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Mt. Airy, N.C. Feb. 24 — Saluda County Cattlemen’s Association 32nd Annual Replacement Heifer Sale, Saluda, S.C.

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Apr. 13 — Knoll Crest Farm Spring Bull & Female Sale, Red House, Va. Nov. 2 — TJB Gelbvieh & Balancer Maternal Magic XIII Bull Sale, Chickamauga, Ga. Dec. 7 — 49th Annual Union County Performance Tested Bull Sale, Monroe, N.C. HEREFORD Feb. 8 — 31st Edition UGA Focus on Genomic Enhanced EPDs Sale, Athens, Ga. Feb. 16 — White Hawk Beef Maker Bull Sale, Buchanan, Ga. Feb. 24 — Saluda County Cattlemen’s Association 32nd Annual Replacement Heifer Sale, Saluda, S.C. Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. Mar. 23 — N.C. Hereford Classic Sale, Union Grove, N.C. Apr. 13 — Knoll Crest Farm Spring Bull & Female Sale, Red House, Va. Red Angus Feb. 17 — Locust Hill Cattle Company 3rd Annual Bull Sale, Pelham, N.C. Feb. 24 — Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Mt. Airy, N.C. Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. Santa gertrudis Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. SIMMENTAL Feb. 24 — Saluda County Cattlemen’s Association 32nd Annual Replacement Heifer Sale, Saluda, S.C. Mar. 2 — Gibb Farms Inaugural Spring Sale, Ranburne, Ala. Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. Feb. 24 — Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Mt. Airy, N.C. Sep. 6-7 — 50th N.C. Simmental Association Fall Harvest Weekend, Union Grove, N.C. Sep. 6 — N.C. Simmental Association Field Day, Union Grove, N.C. Sep. 7 — N.C. Simmental Association Fall Harvest Sale, Union Grove, N.C. Oct. 25 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Female Sale, Saluda, S.C. Oct. 26 — Yon Family Farms Maternal Roots Fall Bull Sale, Saluda, S.C. Dec. 7 — 49th Annual Union County Performance Tested Bull Sale, Monroe, N.C.

The Carolina Cattle Connection q FEBRUARY 2024

WAGYU Mar. 2 — A5 Wagyu Production Sale, Purcellville, Va. Commercial cattle Feb. 8 — 31st Edition UGA Focus on Genomic Enhanced EPDs Sale, Athens, Ga. Feb. 24 — Blue Ridge Brutes Bull & Commercial Female Sale, Mt. Airy, N.C Mar. 9 — March Madness Cattle Sale of the Carolinas, Monroe, N.C. Mar. 30 — G&E Virginia Premium Assured Heifer Sale Apr. 13 — Knoll Crest Farm Spring Bull & Female Sale, Red House, Va. OTHER EVENTS Feb. 1 — Farm Business Concepts Workshop Serives, Spartanburg, S.C. Feb. 2 — S.C. Cattlemen’s Association Annual Meeting, Clemson, S.C. Feb. 8 — Farm Business Concepts Workshop Serives, Spartanburg, S.C. Feb. 15 — Farm Business Concepts Workshop Serives, Spartanburg, S.C. Feb. 15 — Piedmont Emergency Animal Response Team Course Training, Winston-Salem, N.C. Feb. 22 — Farm Business Concepts Workshop Serives, Spartanburg, S.C. Feb. 22 — N.C. Forage & Grasslands Council Winter Conference, Hickory, N.C. Feb. 23-24 — 72nd Annual N.C. Cattle Conference, Hickory, N.C. Feb. 24 — Perry & Doris Teeter Beef Leadership Institute Alumni Reunion, Hickory, N.C. May 8-9 — Animal Agriculture Alliance Stakeholders Summit, Kansas City, Mo. May 9 — Piedmont Emergency Animal Response Team Training Course, Winston-Salem, N.C. Aug. 15 — Piedmont Emergency Animal Response Team Training Course, Winston-Salem, N.C. Sep. 17 — Piedmont Emergency Animal Response Team Training Course, Winston-Salem, N.C.

HE A snake goes to the optometrist one day. “I’ve been having a bit of trouble with my eyesight lately,” he says. “And it’s been making it very difficult for me to chase and catch rats.”

The optometrist then gives him an eye test and prescribes a pair of glasses; the snake then thanks the optometrist and leaves. A few months later, the snake comes back for a check up and the optometrist asks him how his new glasses

Livestock market sales Feb. 5 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Feb. 6 — Mid-Atlantic Cattle Sales Video Auction, via macsvideo.com Feb. 7 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Feb. 7 — Wilkes Livestock Exchange Weekly Sale, North Wilkesboro, N.C. Feb. 12 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Feb. 14 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Feb. 19 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Feb. 20 — Mid-Atlantic Cattle Sales Video Auction, via macsvideo.com Feb. 21 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Feb. 26 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Feb. 28 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Mar. 4 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Mar. 5 — Mid-Atlantic Cattle Sales Video Auction, via macsvideo.com Mar. 6 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Mar. 11 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Mar. 13 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Mar. 18 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Mar. 19 — Mid-Atlantic Cattle Sales Video Auction, via macsvideo.com Mar. 20 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C. Mar. 25 — Harward Brothers Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Statesville, N.C. Mar. 27 — Stanly County Livestock Market Weekly Sale, Norwood, N.C.

IDE have been.

“Oh, wonderful!” the snake replies happily. “I can see better than ever now and my rat catching prowess has more than doubled! However... now I’m depressed.”

“Depressed?” the optometrist asks, perplexed. “Why?” “Well, since I got them, I found out that I’d been in love with a garden hose all this time.”

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