Tidbits of Rogue Valley Vol 1 Issue 19 by Ken Alexander

of Rogue Valley January 27 - February 2, 2014

Volume 1 Issue 19

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Glaciers form when fallen snow doesn’t melt but compresses over years of buildup into large, sometimes gigantic, thick snow masses. As the snow sits in one place it transforms into ice. • Ice masses that form glaciers are able to move like very slow rivers. There are smaller ones about the size of football fields but many grow to be over 62 miles long (100 km). Glaciers are found on most continents of the world, even Africa. The majority are found in Antarctica and Greenland. • The formation of glaciers depends on climatic and geographic conditions. Most occur above the “snow line,” in mountainous areas or at the polar regions. The snow line is an altitude at which more snow accumulates in the winter than will melt in the summer. While the snow line in Antarctica is at sea level, in Africa it is above 16,732 feet (5100 m), Washington State’s snow line occurs at around 5500 feet (1600 m). Because of a lack of snowfall, Siberia is an extremely cold area that has no glaciers. • Canada has the most glaciers in North America, covering over 77 square miles (200,000 km_). Glaciers cover 29 square miles (75000 km_) in the United States, including Alaska; and only 4.25 square miles (11 km_) in Mexico. turn the page for more!

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Tidbits of Rogue Valley

GLACIERS (continued) • Approximately 10% of the land area on earth is covered in glacial ice. That is over 5.8 million square miles (15 million km_)! • About 75% of the world’s freshwater is stored in glaciers. The ice of Antarctica is over 2.6 miles (4.2 km) thick in some places. • According to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) based in Boulder, Colorado, there are eleven types of glaciers: ice sheets, ice shelves, ice caps, ice streams/outlet glaciers, icefields, mountain glaciers, valley glaciers, piedmont glaciers, cirque glaciers, hanging glaciers and tidewater glaciers. • Ice sheets are masses of glacial land ice that extend more than 20,000 square miles (50,000 km_). There are two ice sheets on the earth today, covering most of Antarctica and Greenland. • More than 99% of the freshwater ice on earth is contained in the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. The Antarctic Ice Sheet covers an area about the size of the United States and Mexico combined. The Greenland Ice Sheet, which covers most of Greenland, is three times the size of Texas. • When ice from the gigantic ice sheets oozes into the sea or ocean which is cold enough for the ice to remain frozen, ice shelves can form. Ice shelves float over water but are still connected to land. The ice shelves can grow as they gain ice from the ice sheets or shrink if icebergs “calve” off at the edges. (Calving is the term used when icebergs break off.)

Little Dog Gets Too Many Treats

By Sam Mazzotta DEAR PAW’S CORNER: How many treats is it safe to feed to a small dog at once? My grandmother always feeds two big fake pepperoni sticks to her Shih-Tzu after each walk. She walks “Cody” three times per day. Cody is looking a little stout. -- Lila S., Dothan, Ala. DEAR LILA: Most pet-food products, including treats, have a suggested serving amount based on a dog’s size. But in general, pet treats should make up no more than 10 percent of the pet’s total daily calories. Six “pepperoni”-flavored sticks per day is an awful lot of treats for a small dog. Does Cody eat all of his regular pet food as well? How much food is he given at his mealtimes? It can be difficult to correct a situation like this when you’re not the pet owner. However, you should give it a try. Ask your grandmother how Cody’s last veterinary exam went, and whether the vet mentioned his weight.

January 27 - February 2, 2014 Ask her if you can help monitor Cody’s food intake, and try to convince her to reduce the amount of treats the dog receives after each walk. I’m willing to bet that if she feeds Cody just half a stick, breaking it into small pieces that she gives one at a time, the dog won’t notice the reduced amount. Find out from your grandmother if the vet has recommended a lower-calorie diet for Cody. If so, look at ways to get that calorie count down, and convince her to reduce the amount of treats to just one or two small bites of Cody’s favorite pepperoni stick after each walk. Your grandmother may resist, but it’s important for Cody’s health and is a way to ensure a longer relationship with her favorite dog. Send your questions or tips to ask@pawscorner.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Cabbage Stuffed Meat Roll I love meatloaf. I also love stuffed cabbage rolls. So, I combined them, and now I have my newest favorite way to prepare meatloaf. 2 cups finely shredded cabbage 1/2 cup finely chopped onion 16 ounces extra-lean ground sirloin beef or turkey breast 1 cup cold cooked rice 1 1/2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce 1 (8-ounce) can tomato sauce 2 tablespoons reduced-sodium ketchup 1 teaspoon dried parsley flakes 1/8 teaspoon black pepper 1. Preheat oven to 350 F. Spray 8-by-12-inch baking dish with butter-flavored cooking spray. In a large skillet sprayed with same cooking spray, saute cabbage and onion for 5 minutes. Remove from heat; set aside. 2. In large bowl, combine meat, rice, Worcestershire, 1/4 cup tomato sauce and ketchup. Mix well to combine. Place meat mixture on a sheet of waxed paper and form into a 12-by-10-inch rectangle. Sprinkle cabbage mixture evenly over top. Roll up jelly-roll fashion. Place meat roll in prepared baking dish, seam side down. 3, Bake for 45 minutes. Stir parsley and black pepper into remaining tomato sauce, and evenly spoon over partially baked meat roll. Continue baking for 15 minutes. Place baking dish on a wire rack and let set for 5 minutes. Makes 6 servings. Freezes well. Each serving equals: 162 calories, 6g fat, 15g protein, 12g carb., 326mg sodium, 2g fiber; Diabetic Exchanges: 2 Meat, 1 Vegetable, 1/2 Starch. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

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Tidbits of Rogue Valley

January 27 - February 2, 2014

GLACIERS (continued) • There are some large ice shelves on the northern coast of Canada’s Ellesmere Island. However, most of the ice shelves on earth hug the coast of Antarctica. • Ice caps are miniature ice sheets. They cover fewer than 20,000 square miles (50,000 km_). They are found in polar and sub-polar regions that are high in elevation and mostly flat. Iceland has an ice cap, as compared to the much larger ice sheet on Greenland. Ice fields are also similar with flow influenced by underlying ground that is not as flat. They are usually smaller than ice caps. • Ice streams are like little rivers that flow more rapidly than the glaciers they are surrounded by. The Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have many ice streams that flow outwardly. • Mountain and valley glaciers are, as you may expect, named because of their locations. Mountain glaciers develop in high mountain areas and valley glaciers form from ice fields or mountain glaciers that spill into the valleys below them. • Valley glaciers tend to look like giant tongues when seen from above. They can sometimes reach sea level. • The largest mountain glaciers are found in the highest mountains of the world: the Himalayas in Asia, the Andes of South America, and the mountains of northern Canada, Alaska and on Antarctica. (continued on next page)

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by Samantha Weaver It was noted Irish author and wit Oscar Wilde who made the following sage observation: “There are only two tragedies in life: one is not getting what one wants, and the other is getting it.” The very first CD of a musical recording was made in 1982. The album was “The Visitors” by Swedish pop superstars ABBA. Immigrants arriving at New York’s Ellis Island in the early years (1892-1920s) were given bananas to eat. Many had never seen a banana and didn’t know how to eat one -- some ate the whole thing, peel and all. In the small African nation of Swaziland, the Civil Aviation Authority has set a ceiling of 500 feet on light aircraft. These aircraft, as well as kites and remote controlled toys, are not allowed to go above that limit. Also included in the category of light aircraft are broomsticks. Any witch who flies on a broomstick above that limit is subject to a fine of more than $50,000 and possible arrest. If you’re thinking about moving to another country, you might want to consider Finland. In that country, employees are offered, on average, 44 paid vacation days every year. Of course, you might want to consider that even in the warm southwestern part of the country, winters last about 100 days, with snow covering the ground from mid-October to early May. The name of the state of Iowa (unsurprisingly) comes from a Native American language. The original word, “ayuxba,” means “sleepy ones.” Early science-fiction author E.E. “Doc” Smith wasn’t just a writer; he also was an engineer. He’s the guy who figured out how to get powdered sugar to stick to doughnuts. Thought for the Day: “To be capable of embarrassment is the beginning of moral consciousness. Honor grows from qualms.” -- John Leonard

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ARIES (March 21 to April 19) Seeing the silly side of some really ridiculous situations helps give the Lamb a new perspective on how to handle them. Some important contacts can be made this weekend. TAURUS (April 20 to May 20) Try to complete your outstanding tasks by midweek. This leaves you free to take advantage of new possibilities -- both professional and personal -- opening up by week’s end. GEMINI (May 21 to June 20) With both your creative side and your energy levels rising this week, you should be able to tackle that too-long-neglected project again. A family member might have important news. CANCER (June 21 to July 22) An explanation you requested seems to be more confusing than enlightening. You should insist on clarifications now, rather than deal with problems that might arise later. LEO (July 23 to August 22) Your energy levels might be ebbing a bit. But that’s no excuse for taking catnaps when you could be working on those unfinished tasks. There’ll be time to curl up and relax by week’s end. VIRGO (August 23 to September 22) It’s a good time to get those ideas out of your head and into a readable format if you hope to have them turned into something doable. A good friend is ready with worthwhile advice. LIBRA (September 23 to October 22) Careful -you might be stepping into dangerous territory if you decide to “exaggerate” the facts too much. Remem-

ber: The truth speaks for itself and needs no embellishment. SCORPIO (October 23 to November 21) Although your workplace successes have earned you many admirers, there are some colleagues who are not among them. Be careful how you proceed with your new project. SAGITTARIUS (November 22 to December 21) You might have to go into great detail to explain why you’re currently reluctant to make changes to an already prepared plan. Be sure you have all the facts to back yourself up. CAPRICORN (December 22 to January 19) Travel plans might still be uncertain. But instead of getting upset about the delay, open yourself up to other possibilities, and begin checking out some alternative destinations. AQUARIUS (January 20 to February 18) Changing conditions might require you to alter some of your plans. While you might be agreeable to this, be prepared with explanations for those who do not want changes made. PISCES (February 19 to March 20) Although you might have to deal with some detractors who aren’t too kind in their critiques, you gain points when you’re willing to stand up and defend your work. BORN THIS WEEK: You have a gift for creating a warm and loving environment between yourself and others. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

This Week Last Week 1. Pitbull feat. Ke$ha ............No. 2 “Timber” 2. One Republic ....................No. 3 “Counting Stars” 3. Eminem feat. Rihanna .....No. 1 “The Monster” 4. Lorde..................................No. 4 “Royals” 5. A Great Big World & Christina Aguilera ................No. 5 “Say Something” 6. Katy Perry .......................No. 11 “Dark Horse” 7. Passenger ...........................No. 7 “Let Her Go” 8. Avicii.................................No. 10 “Wake Me Up!” 9. Miley Cyrus .....................No. 12 “Wrecking Ball” 10. Imagine Dragons ............No. 6 “Demons”

Top 10 Albums

1. Soundtrack ........................No. 4 “Frozen” 2. Beyonce ..............................No. 1 “Beyonce” 3. Eminem..............................No. 3 “The Marshall Mathers LP 2” 4. Katy Perry .........................No. 5 “Prism” 5. Lorde..................................No. 7 “Pure Heroine” 6. One Direction ....................No. 2 “Midnight Memories” 7. Luke Bryan .....................No. 14 “Crash My Party” 8. One Republic ..................No. 19 “Native” 9. Various Artists ................No. 12 “Now 48

10. Imagine Dragons ............No. 9 “Night Visions”

Passenger frontman Mike Rosenberg

Top 10 Hot Country Singles

1. Florida Georgia Line........No. 1 “Stay” 2. Luke Bryan .......................No. 3 “Drink a Beer” 3. David Nail..........................No. 4 “Whatever She’s Got” 4. Luke Bryan .......................No. 2 “That’s My Kind of Night” 5. Cole Swindell ....................No. 7 “Chillin’ It” 6. Cassadee Pope ...................No. 5 “Wasting All These Tears” 7. Eli Young Band .................No. 8 “Drunk Last Night” 8. Jason Aldean .....................No. 9 “When She Says Baby” 9. Zac Brown Band .............No. 10 “Sweet Annie” 10. Parmalee ..........................No. 6 “Carolina” Source: Billboard © 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

January 27 - February 2, 2014

On Feb. 3, 1959, rock stars Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens and J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson are killed when their chartered plane crashes in Iowa a few minutes after takeoff. Holly and his band, the Crickets, had just scored a No. 1 hit with “That’ll Be the Day.” On Feb. 4, 1789, George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, is unanimously elected the first president of the United States. John Adams of Massachusetts was elected vice president. On Feb. 5, 1934, Henry Louis Aaron Jr., the baseball slugger who broke Babe Ruth’s legendary record of 714 homers, is born in Mobile, Ala. Aaron began his professional baseball career in 1952 in the Negro League and joined the Milwaukee Braves of the major leagues in 1954. On Feb. 6, 1820, the first organized immigration of freed slaves to Africa from the United States departs New York harbor on a journey to Freetown, Sierra Leone, in West Africa. The expedition was partially funded by the U.S. Congress, which had appropriated $100,000 for the trip. On Feb. 7, 1964, Pan Am Yankee Clipper flight 101 from London Heathrow lands at New York’s Kennedy Airport -- and “Beatlemania” arrives. It was the first visit to the United States by the Beatles. The British rock-and-roll quartet had just scored its first No. 1 U.S. hit with “I Want to Hold Your Hand.” On Feb. 8, 1985, Sir William Lyons, founder of the British luxury automaker Jaguar, dies at the age of 84 in Warwickshire, England. Initially named SS Cars Ltd., the company changed its name to Jaguar Cars Ltd to avoid any association with the Schutzstaffel, the Nazi paramilitary group also referred to by the initials “SS.”

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GLACIERS (continued) • When valley glaciers flow far enough to connect to the sea they are called tidewater glaciers. Many ice• When valley glaciers spill out onto flat plains they bergs originate from tidewater glaciers. Hubbard Glaspread out into large lobes, forming piedmont glacier, which is part of Glacier Bay National Park, is the ciers. The Malaspina Glacier in Alaska is the largest largest tidewater glacier in North America. The highpiedmont glacier in the world. Formed by the spill-out light of most cruises to Alaska, the glacier was first from the Seward Ice Field and the Agassiz Glacier, mapped in 1895. Icebergs up to 200 feet (61 m) high the Malaspina fills the plain in southeastern Alaska. break off fairly often causing spectacular splashing Since it does not connect to the Gulf of Alaska or any and crashing and giving tourists quite a show. Glacier of its bays, it does not qualify as a tidewater glacier. Bay has 16 tidewater glaciers. The Malaspina Glacier spreads out over 1931 square miles (5,000 km_) of the coastal plain below the Saint • Glacier Bay and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Elias Mountains. Preserve in Alaska, along with Kluane National Park and Reserve in the Yukon Territory and Tatshenshi• Glaciers that look like bowls high on mountainsides ni-Alsek Park in British Columbia, form a vast ecoare called Cirque Glaciers. All of the glaciers in Rocky logical area that covers 37452 square miles (97000 Mountain National Park in Colorado are cirque glakm_). The area is mostly untouched except for a hisciers. The Matterhorn in Switzerland is an example of toric First Nations presence (Native Canadians). A a “horn,” which is formed when the top of a mountain massive complex of high peaks and glaciers, the area has been surrounded by cirque glaciers. is home to many grizzly bears and caribou as well as • “Ice aprons,” or hanging glaciers cling to and as the the largest non-polar icefield in the world. The entire name implies, hang from, steep mountainsides. These area was declared a World Heritage Site in 1993. are common in the Alps and often have avalanches from their steep inclines.

VA Appeals Pile Up What makes the news is how quickly the Department of Veterans is paring down (or not paring down) its pile of disability claims, and those past the 125-day mark. We’ve heard about the mandatory overtime for VA claims personnel, and VA chief Eric Shinseki’s often-repeated desire to get those claims under control by 2015. All well and good. But there’s one part of the process we don’t hear much about: the backlog of appeals. Those numbers are growing at an astronomical rate, and it’s believed they will double over the next four years. At this point, the number stands at more than a quarter-million appeals. Allsup, the group that provides compliance and appeal services to those on VA and Social Security disability, ran the numbers. Appeals claims have shot up 78 percent since 2008. The top three cities for backlog of appeals claims are St. Petersburg, Fla. (22,581), Houston (16,725) and Atlanta (14,334). Taking it by state, the top three are Texas (30,993), Florida (22,581) and California

(17,134). Your best bet: Do your part, when you file a claim, make it complete the first time out. Don’t make processors ask for anything that you haven’t provided. Be sure to submit what they call a Fully Developed Claim, one that certifies you have no further evidence. Veteran Service Organizations have sent members out to be trained in working with the FDCs. Make use of their services to ensure that your claim is as solid as possible. Open your claim online at eBenefits.va.gov (the VSO can help if you don’t have a computer). If you have an existing claim, and if they ask for more information, get it to them quickly. Do everything you can to see that the VA has no excuse to shove your claim off to the appeals pile, where you could have a very long wait. Freddy Groves regrets that he cannot personally answer reader questions, but will incorporate them into his column whenever possible. Send email to columnreply2@ gmail.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

On Feb. 9, 1992, after stunning the world three months earlier with the news he had contracted the HIV virus and was immediately retiring from the game, basketball great Magic Johnson returns to play in the 42nd NBA All-Star game in Orlando, Fla. The crowd greeted him with a standing ovation.

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Tidbits of Rogue Valley

Tank or Tankless Hot Water Heater? Q: I’m thinking of switching from a traditional hot water heater to a tankless water heater. With three teenagers in the house, the current tank heater is just not adequate to keep hot water available. Will a tankless heater solve the problem? And which is better, an electric or gas heater? -- Sal in Southern California A: While I like the concept of tankless water heaters -- they provide hot water on demand, rather than storing water in a tank and keeping it warm -- it’s really important for homeowners to do their research before deciding to jump to this system. Electric tankless heaters, for example, look like a good deal up front. They cost about a third to one-half as much as gas tankless heaters. However, installation can be expensive: most electric heaters require a dedicated 30-amp circuit, meaning an electrician will have to come in to properly wire the house. In older homes, the installation can be pretty painful on the wallet. Gas tankless heaters cost more up front, but installation may not be as expensive. A qualified installer will need

JAMES CAMERON

to set up the gas connection, and your gas system may need some modification. With either type, you still will have to deal with the problem of adequate hot-water supply. Placing high demand on the heater -- such as running a shower, the dishwasher and the hot water tap in a sink at the same time -- will make it more difficult for the unit to heat water to the correct temperature, meaning everybody starts getting tepid water. Homeowners I’ve spoken with who have tankless heaters are generally pretty happy with them. But they have experienced a few issues, such as not knowing they need to flush the heating system once per year (and more often in a hard-water environment). None complained about having inadequate hot water -- either they selected the right-size system for their house, or they adjusted their water use to the rate at which the water gets heated. Because of the expense involved, find out how much water your family uses and track how much hot water is used during each day. Talk with the tankless heater dealer about the right system based on your needs, compare average annual costs (in electricity or gas) of the system compared to a traditional tank heater, and make sure you know up front what installation will entail and how much it will cost. HOME TIP: Tankless heaters can suffer from mineral scale buildup in the heat exchanger. Talk to the manufacturer about installing a flush valve so that you can flush out buildup annually and extend the life of the unit. Send your questions to ask@thisisahammer.com. (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc. strong sense of the profound sadness and injustice of it, and the message of it.” He felt a great responsibility to be historically accurate.

Born in Kapuskasing, Ontario, Canada on August 16, 1954, James Cameron grew up in Chippawa, a small town near Niagara Falls, Ontario. Through the years he • Titanic replaced Star Wars as the top-grossing film of all time (at that time, 1997-98) grossing over a billion has transformed from a small town Canadian to one of dollars worldwide. The movie won eleven Oscars, inthe most widely known filmmakers in the world. cluding Best Picture and Best Director. • Cameron’s father was an electrical engineer and his mother an artist. He was encouraged to express him- • Titanic remained the top-grossing film until 2010, when another Cameron film, Avatar, replaced it. Camself artistically as well as to challenge himself mentaleron announced in August, 2013, that he plans to film ly. He was a science fiction fan early on as a boy. three sequels to Avatar to be released in December of • As a leader among his friends, Cameron organized 2016, 2017 and 2018. adventures including building a catapult that would pitch boulders and even creating a miniature diving • Cameron has combined his two passions: producing films and underwater exploration. As a National Geovessel that sent mice to the bottom of the Niagara Rivgraphic explorer-in-residence, he and his engineerer. ing team spent seven years developing the “Deepsea • At the age of fifteen, Cameron watched the movie, Challenger,” a unique manned submersible capable of 2001: A Space Odyssey. He was fascinated! He wantgoing to the ocean’s greatest depths. In March 2012, ed to learn how Stanley Kubrick, the director, had put he piloted the sub to the “lowest point in the Mariana together such a thrilling motion picture. He watched Trench and the deepest known place on the planet.” the film ten times and was hooked on filmmaking for (A depth of 35,800 feet, almost seven miles; 10.9 km) life. After his exploration, the deepest solo dive in history, he shared his story as he traveled with his Deepsea • Cameron’s father accepted a job in Orange County, Challenger across the country. He donated the sub to California, when he was 17, and his interest in filmthe Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Woods making started to fill his thoughts constantly. He had Hole, Massachusetts. been writing science fiction stories and fantasizing about films instead of doing his homework for years; TRUMPETER SWANS now he was near the movie capital of the world, HolWhen speaking of large birds most people think of the lywood! ostrich, emu, and “Big Bird” of Sesame Street. Those • After high school, Cameron became a student at Cali- birds can’t fly, but swans can! fornia State University at Fullerton, initially pursuing • Three species of swans live on the continent of North a degree in physics. He changed his major to English America: the trumpeter swan, tundra swan, and the but after a short time, dropped out of college. mute swan. The first two are indigenous, but the mute • Cameron worked a short time as truck driver pulling swan is a species that was introduced from Europe. over for rest stops to write screenplays. He then went All three types are large white birds. to work as a self-taught designer emphasizing visual • Trumpeter swans are the largest swans and therefore effects. the largest waterfowl in North America. They are also the heaviest flying birds on the continent. The “bus• Cameron is best known today as the Oscar-winning tard” of Europe is the only flying bird anywhere that director of Aliens (1986), Titanic (1997), and Avatar is heavier than a trumpeter swan. (2009). • In preparing for the movie, Titanic, Cameron spent • Male trumpeter swans can weigh as much as 30 pounds (13 kg), be more than 5 feet (1.5m) from bill a lot of time at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. He to tail and have a wingspan of more than 7 feet (2 m) studied/observed the wreckage in twelve dives to from tip to tip. the site. Explaining his feelings, he said, “Working (continued on page 8) around the wreck for so much time, you get such a

January 27 - February 2, 2014

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Page 7 1. In 2013, for the third time in major-league history, the reigning Cy Young Award winners (R.A. Dickey, David Price) faced each other in a regular-season game. Name either of the other two pairings. 2. How many times did By Chris Richcreek pitcher Greg Maddux strike out 200 or more batters in a season during his 23-year major-league career? 3. In 2012, Adrian Peterson became the second Minnesota Vikings running back to have five consecutive 100-yards-rushing games. Who was the first? 4. When was the last time before 2012 that Harvard’s men’s basketball team made the NCAA Tournament? 5. Name the last time before the 2013-14 season that the Colorado Avalanche started a season at least 6-0-0. 6. Austrian skier Mario Matt set a record in 2013 for the oldest skier (34) to win a World Cup slalom. Who had been the oldest? 7. Who was the last British men’s golfer before Matt Fitzpatrick in 2013 to win the U.S. Amateur golf tournament? (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

of Rogue Valley

1. Is the book of 2 Timothy in the Old or New Testament or neither? 2. Koinonia is a Greek word found 20 times in the Bible, and primarily means ... ? Revenge, Forgiveness, Fellowship, Crucifixion 3. From historical records, who beheaded the Apostle Paul in Rome A.D. 67 (C.E.)? Claudius, Nero, Augustus, Vitellius 4. The concept of the “what”-fold ministry comes from Ephesians 4:11? Two, Three, Five, Seven 5. From Psalm 14:1 who/what says in his/its heart, “There is no God”? Pagan, Fool, Insane, Serpent 6. What is the youngest book in the New Testament? Acts, Philemon, Hebrews, Revelation (c) 2013 King Features Synd., Inc.

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1. HISTORY: What was the name of the treaty that ended the American Revolutionary War? 2. TELEVISION: What was the name of the prison in “Hogan’s Heroes”? 3. THEATER: Which U.S. president was featured in the musical “Annie”? 4. AD SLOGANS: Which car company is part of the advertising slogan “Baseball, Hot Dogs, Apple Pie and ...”? 5. ENTERTAINMENT: When did the Miss America pageant begin? 6. GEOGRAPHY: What was the former name of the African nation Burkina Faso? 7. LITERATURE: What was the name of the monster in “Beowulf”? 8. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE: What are the names of the stone lions at the entrance of the New York Public Library? 9. ANIMAL KINGDOM: What type of creature belongs to the order Siphonaptera? 10. MATH: In geometry, what is the shape of a torus? (c) 2014 King Features Synd., Inc.

Page 8

Tidbits of Rogue Valley TRUMPETER SWANS (continued) • A normal lifespan for a trumpeter swan is from 15-25 years but they can live to be 29-30 years old. They usually stay with the same mate for life, including migrating together. Sometimes when a nest fails to produce young cygnets mates will separate. The “divorce” rate among these swans is about 6%.

January 27 - February 2, 2014 has a total nest, usually three to eight eggs. She does not start incubation until her “clutch” (group or hatch of eggs) is complete so that all of her cygnets hatch within a 24 hour period. Nests are often built on top of beaver lodges or muskrat houses using stems, leaves, cattails and more. A pen only hatches one clutch of eggs per year and the incubation period is about 34 days.

• Trumpeter swans are fairly social and congregate in large groups except during breeding season when • Saskatoon Island Provincial Park near Grande Prairie, Alberta holds an annual Swan Festival every April, they are quite protective of their turf. providing a fun time to learn about and observe trum• A male swan is called a “cob,” the female a “pen,” and peter swans. baby chicks are known as “cygnets.” Cygnets are gray when they are born but lose those baby feathers and • Another place to see the big birds is at Harriman State Park in Island Park, Idaho, near Yellowstone Nationare completely white by the time they are one year al Park. The population of resident trumpeter swans old. does not migrate but stays in the tri-state region of • When a pen lays her eggs, she does so in an unusual Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. way. She will lay one egg every other day until she • These interesting swans actually go through a flightless period every year when they molt (or lose) all of their feathers. Typically occurring in July and August, of Rogue Valley they are not able to fly for 1-2 months. R

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ANSWERS 1. Frank Viola and Orel Hershiser (1989), and Tom Glavine and Roger Clemens (1999). 2. Once (1998), although he had at least 190 strikeouts in four other seasons. 3. Robert Smith, in 2000. 4. It was 1946. 5. It was the 1985-86 season, when the franchise was located in Quebec. 6. Finn Christian Jagge was 33 when he won in 1999. 7. Harold Hilton, in 1911.

1. Treaty of Paris 2. Stalag 13 3. Franklin D.

Roosevelt 4. Chevrolet 5. 1921 6. Upper Volta 7. Grendel 8. Patience and Fortitude 9. Fleas 10. A doughnut

1) New 2) Fellowship 3) Nero 4) Five 5) Fool 6) Revelation

• Not surprising, trumpeter swans were so-named because of their trumpet-like call. Deep and loud they can be heard from quite a distance. The most similar bird to the trumpeter is the tundra swan. They are most easily distinguished because of their sounds. Tundra swans sound more like geese, with a quavering high-pitched call. • It is easy to confuse geese, ducks and swans. Generally, swans are the largest with the longest necks. Geese have longer necks than ducks; ducks are almost always the smallest of the three types of waterfowl.