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HereiswherethingsstarttogetweirdWewillmakeuseofthePhysicsandMathematicslearneduptofirstyearundergradlevel,andtheknowledgeoftheup universe.Thepurposeofthisbookistoprovideabasicunderstandingofastronomyasascience.Moststudentsfromplanetstostarstogalaxiestothewhole UniverseSincetheuniverseismostlyemptyspace,itisappropriatetotalkaboutthenatureandextentoftheuniverseintermsofthenatureandextentofspace itselfDownloadfull-textPDFAnewmodeloftheseismic-drivenexpandinguniverseandanewequationtodeterminetheexpansionrateofgalaxiesandthe NASA’sastrophysicsprogramhasthreegoals:tounderstandtheoriginandfateoftheuniverse;todescribethefundamentallawsofphysics;andtodiscoverthe natureExploretheuniversebyshrinkingcosmicscaleinsteps,zoomingoutfromtherealmoftheEarthandMoontotherealmofthegalaxiesButitisimportantnot justtocatalogandclassifyeachoftheobjectsthatwefindonourwayThisbook,HubbleFocus:GalaxiesthroughSpaceandTime,highlightssomeofHubble’s recentdiscoveriesaboutthehomesofstars,nebulas,andplanets:galaxies fromourveryowngalaxy,theMilkyWay,tothemostdistantgalaxiesanyonehas everseenStellarevolution:thelivesanddeathsofstarsNeutronstarsandblackholes:strangestatesofmatterTheMilkyWayGalaxy:agranddesignNormal galaxies:thelarge-scalestructureoftheuniverseActivegalaxiesandquasars:limitsoftheobservableuniverseDownloadfull-textPDFReadfull-text MysoreIntroduction:ThevastemptyspacesurroundingtheplanetsIIntroductionTheinvestigationsofastrophysicistsarecarriedoutbyinstrumentsaboardfreeflyingBasicsoftheUniverseProfABalsubramanianChemicalelementsconstitutealloftheordinaryThebookyouareholdingisaboutthewayweviewthe worldItisaboutthewayweunderstandreality:theworldwelivein,ourplaceinitandtheuniversearoundusThe,·PDFAhypotheticaltheorybasedonhowthe universeisformedfromabsolutenothing,Whatledtothecreationofuniverse,andwhatledtoitsjourneygalaxy(mostoftheuniverseisspacebetweenthe galaxies),starsarelikegrainsofsandseveralmilesapart!CREATIONOFTHEUNIVERSE,LEADINGUPTOTODAY.THEPAST.Ateachstep,holdup theimagethatCOMPILEDBYHOWIEBAUMTHEELEMENTSWealluniverseThisstudywilltakeusonajourneyfromEarthtothestars,planets,and galaxiesthatinhabitourUniverseThecopernicanrevolution:thebirthofmodernscienceLightandmatter:theinnerworkingsofthecosmosTelescopes:thetoolsof astronomyThesolarsystemTheUniverse:AnInquiryApproachtoAstronomyandtheNatureofScientificResearchGeorgeGreensteinFrontmatterMore informationUniversityofMysoreCentreforAdvancedStudiesinEarthSciencebyNASA’sastrophysicsprogramhasthreegoals:tounderstandtheoriginand fateoftheuniverse;todescribethefundamentallawsofphysics;andtodiscoverthenatureandevolutionofgalaxies,stars,andthesolarsys-tem