Das_kaustab_winter book 2022

Circular Economy in Energy Usage | Biomimicry | Photoluminescent Materials

Kaustab Das | Stannard Studio | Winter 2022

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE

Copyright ©2018 Kaustab Das All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the copyright owner.

Published by Kaustab Das Fall Draft 2021 Printed in the United States of America First Edition

My acknowledgement goes to my parents, my professor, my friends and the Architecture Department

We live in a world where we increasingly consume, produce and waste more day by day. This puts a burden on our already burdened planet and leads to issues like climate change. And so it has become necessary to reduce our overall carbon footprint.

From production to consumption to waste, every step requires a lot of energy, and countries like the United States of America have to generate a huge amount of energy to support their population.

In fact, it is one of the top consumers and producers of energy in the world. The major sources of energy are mostly polluting and nonrenewable forms. While there is a general shift towards cleaner forms of energy production, there is still a heavy reliance on the generation of energy. This adds to the carbon footprint of our planet. This means we’ll have to build a system where either energy consumption is reduced or generated energy is reused. Nature has the solutions to all of these problems. A dead animal can give life to new plants by providing nutrition from their remains. Taking inspiration from nature, we can solve these issues. As it is said, nothing gets wasted in nature.

Content 1 2 3 4 5 6

Research Preceedents Experiment Site Analysis Ideations References

Increasing Consumption and Wastage of Energy

usable electricity 35%

electricity lost 65%

65% of electricity generated is wasted through electrical systems alone

Nature has the answer: Strategies that capture Light The AIA has an ambitious target of achieving carbon neutrality for all new buildings by 2030. Carbon neutrality would require buildings to avoid using fossil fuels as a source of energy. That means buildings have to source their electricity from renewable sources. Buildings would also be required to be able to produce energy on site. This is a smart idea because this enables residents to have their own power generation rather than completely relying on an external system. However, this idea relies on just generating energy and not recycling the used energy. How do we even reuse energy? Biology has the answers. Plants like Fenestraria Rhopalophylla has a system to capture energy in the form of light and use that for photosynthesis later. By implementing the same idea to capture energy for later use, we can reduse energy wasted and energy generated.

Bitter Oyster (Panellus stipticus) Bioluminescent mushrooms that illuminates at night due to chemicals that absorb light energy during daytime

Window Plant (Fenestraria Rhopalophylla) Desert plant that captures light through its transparent medium which constitutes crystals that help absorb light

Media-TIC, Barcelona Enric Ruiz Geli Media-TIC uses photoluminescent paint as a strategy to illuminate the building floors at night.

PHOTOLUMINESCENT MATERIAL Material: Strontium Aluminate Properties: UV Radiation absorption, passive emmision of light, passive cooling

The Inspi

(a)

Applications: paint, fabric, glass, plastics Energy Source: UV Radiation Operational Energy: 0 Btu Emmission in hours: 13 hours max.

Life Cycle: 12 years max.

iration: Window Plant Fenestraria rhopalophylla Translucency: The fenestraria uses a translucent membrane to allow light to enter the plant

(a)

(b)

(a) Light enters through translucent resin material and Strontium Aluminate crystals which are casted in the resin absorbs the light energy.

(b) Absorption: The fenestraria uses a system of reflective crystals to scatter light and chlorophyll on the walls absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

(b) Crystals slowly emit back the stored energy as dim light.

Strontium Aluminate crystals have properties that absorb light and remit at a slower rate. It can emit light to a maximum of 13 hours.

EXPERIMENT ͨάΐΚΛ͵΄ a.lo\\’.ki.to) to provide light

ON

Jalis are a South Asian architectural feature that acts like a screen through which light is filtered through. These screens have ornamental patterns. These patterns are often inspired by nature.

ͼ΢ҒΆ΢ΉΈ ji.bo.di.pon) bio-luminance

άΓҒΚ(xe.wa) function

ΓθΎΤΛ΄(xong.ju.ti) construction

The Inspiration: Window Plant Fenestraria rhopalophylla

The fenestraria uses a translucent membrane to allow light to enter the plant

(a) Translucency:

(a)

(b)

(a) Light enters through translucent resin material and Strontium Aluminate crystals which are casted in the resin absorbs the light energy.

(b) Absorption: The fenestraria uses a system of reflective crystals to scatter light and chlorophyll on the walls absorb light energy for photosynthesis.

(b) Crystals slowly emit back the stored energy as dim light.

Strontium Aluminate crystals have properties that absorb light and remit at a slower rate. It can emit light to a maximum of 13 hours.

OFF

* Arduino is programmed to fade switch on and off the LED

Vellum entry: 121 | Alokito | Kaustab Das | Studio Sandy | Fall 2021

CAL POLY SLO Sitting right in the middle of the two largest metropolises in California, San Francisco, and Los Angeles is the town of San Luis Obispo. Cal Poly is a large public university that has architecture, engineering, and construction management departments. Students from all over the state and out of state study in this university and therefore it is a hub of knowledge sharing. And given the focus on practical learning in this university and the "Learn by Doing" motto, makes it the perfect place for a research and innovation center that uses biomimetics to solve issues like energy waste.

Eerie Spots on Campus

Park Areas

Student Outflow

0

100’

200’

400’

Illumination and Temperature Data ILLUMINATION RANGE

LOCATION:

San Luis Co Rgnl, CA, USA

Latitude/Longitude: Data Source:

35.23° North, 120.63° West, Time Zone from Greenwich -8 TMY3 722897 WMO Station Number, Elevation 216 ft

LEGEND 12000

HOURLY ILLUMINATION DAYLIT HOURS ONLY RECORDED HIGH AVERAGE HIGH MEAN AVERAGE LOW -

11000

10000

1(+$/ÿ%0(*&

9000

RECORDED LOW 8000 RECORDED: DIRECT NORMAL

7000

GLOBAL HORIZONTAL (footcandles)

6000

5000

2#(&3(4ÿ%0(*&

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Annual

SLO county Energy Use data

Average CA residential household consumes 903 kWh/month which is 36.54% less than the national average.

012

PV Potential

ITERATIONS In a world where we are making a shift towards energy efficiency, Photoluminescent materials are an excellent choice. These materials can absorb UV light from sunlight and LEDs and emit them back in the form of light, thus making light available longer and saving input of operational energy, and saving money. These materials also have the properties of thermal loss, thus keeping surfaces cool.

Photoluminescent products like paints can be used on exteriors of a building and in outdoor public areas. At night such areas can become safe haven from the dark and attract visitors. Cal poly needs such a place as most of the campus is eerie outdoors at night. This movable project will provide students with a cool hangout spot for most of the day and night.

S Perimeter Rd.

Recreation Centre

N

Health Services

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PAVILION DAY

NIGHT

PHOTOLUMINESCENT PARK

Wooden planks

Nylon net dyed with Strontium Aluminate powder

Steel Frame coated with Strontium Aluminate paint

References Saieh, N. (2010, February 9). Media-tic / Enric Ruiz Geli. ArchDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/49150/mediatic-enric-ruiz-geli.

Office of the Under Secretary for Science and Energy. (2015). Quadrennial Technology Review 2015. Energy.gov. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.energy.gov/quadrennial-technology-review-2015.

U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - independent statistics and analysis. California - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA. Krulik, G. A. (1980). Light transmission in window-leaved plants. Canadian Journal of Botany, 58(14), 1591–1600. https://doi.org/10.1139/b80-193

Images Front Cover Ball, P. (2020, August 24). Making light of bioluminescence. Chemistry World. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.chemistryworld. com/opinion/making-light-of-bioluminescence/4012138.article.

Abstract Rogerson, K. (n.d.). Fenestraria-Rhopalophylla. Tucson Botanical Gardens. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://tucsonbotanical.org/fenestraria-rhopalophylla/.

Research Office of the Under Secretary for Science and Energy. (2015). Quadrennial Technology Review 2015. Energy.gov. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.energy.gov/quadrennial-technology-review-2015.

U.S. Energy Information Administration - EIA - independent statistics and analysis. California - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=CA.

Nature Strategy Fenestraria rhopalophylla (Baby toes). World of Succulents. (2021, February 13). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://worldofsucculents. com/fenestraria-rhopalophylla-babys-toes-window-plant/.

What is bioluminescence? Time for Kids. (2021, May 7). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.timeforkids.com/g56/bioluminescence-3/.

Media/TIC Saieh, N. (2010, February 9). Media-tic / Enric Ruiz Geli. ArchDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.archdaily.com/49150/mediatic-enric-ruiz-geli.

Cal Poly SLO Google Earth Pro. https://earth.google.com/web/search/Cal+Poly,+San+Luis+Obispo,+CA/@35.30223373,-120.66542942,94.36489774a,1567.4530 2072d,35y,138.1990259h,45.00460501t,0r/data=CigiJgokCVKCXD-4ZzNAEVCCXD-4ZzPAGczg9RrFHElAIcng9RrFHEnA

Zoning and Land Use Planning & Capital Projects. Planning & Capital Projects - Facilities Management & Development - Cal Poly. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://afd.calpoly.edu/facilities/planning-capital-projects/.

Program Education should focus on ‘heads and hearts,’ UW researcher says. UW News. (n.d.). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.washington. edu/news/2021/10/05/education-heads-and-hearts/.

Laboratory Hazards & Safety Controls: Lab Safety. Health & Safety. (2021, August 28). Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www. hseblog.com/laboratory-hazards-safety-controls-lab-safety/.

Fathom. (2018, March 3). Passing through Singapore? how to make the most of a Changi Airport Layover. Forbes. Retrieved December 12, 2021, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/fathom/2018/03/03/changi-airport-singapore-layover-travel-guide/?sh=525f16c57f24.