Environmental Building Systems - Caroline Springs House

GWS

Legend: Trees, shrubs GWS

Eaves, shading Evaporative cooler

Landscape: Deciduous trees are planted on the north of the site to act as a wind break from the northerly winds, particularly relevant in the winter.

Trees along the east of the site help to absorb sotrmwater runoff as well as provide a privacy screen between the Patel’s and their neighbours.

lowest point of site

12 noon

3pm

9am

Rainwater infiltration garden used to catch runoff from paved path.

GWS

PV panel

Telecommunications Concrete roof tile

Winter solstice sun path

3pm

12 noon

Deciduous, highbracnched tree will shade the northern facade from the hot summer sun while allowing the winter sun in.

The west facade of the house receives permanent shading, protecting it from the unpleasant summer evening sun.

RWT

Rose of Wind direction versus Wind speed in km/h (01 Jul 1970 to 24 Jul 2019)

Rose of Wind direction versus Wind speed in km/h (01 Jul 1970 to 24 Jul 2019)

Custom times selected, refer to attached note for details

Custom times selected, refer to attached note for details

MELBOURNE AIRPORT

Site No: 086282 • Opened Jun 1970 • Still Open • Latitude: -37.6655° • Longitude: 144.8321° • Elevation 113.m

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

NW W

N

S

CALM

NE

CALM SW

E

km/h

NW

>= 0 and < 10

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

W

>= 40

SE

3 pm Jan 1477 Total Observations

Calm 6%

Calm 1%

N

S

CALM

NE

CALM SW

9 am Jan 1483 Total Observations

E

km/h

>= 0 and < 10

Site No: 086282 • Opened Jun 1970 • Still Open • Latitude: -37.6655° • Longitude: 144.8321° • Elevation 113.m

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

W

CALM SW

CALM

NE E

km/h

NW

>= 0 and < 10

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

W

>= 40

SE

CALM

NE

CALM SW

S Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2019 . Prepared on 24 Jul 2019 Prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology.

Contact us by phone on (03) 9669 4082, by fax on (03) 9669 4515, or by email on climatedata@bom.gov.au 9 am Jul We have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this information.

1510 Total Observations

N

E

km/h

>= 0 and < 10

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

>= 40

SE

S Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2019 . Prepared on 24 Jul 2019 Prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology.

TCZ7951428 Page 1

Calm 5%

Contact us by phone on (03) 9669 4082, by fax on (03) 9669 4515, or by email on climatedata@bom.gov.au 3 pm Jul We have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this information.

1507 Total Observations

TCZ7951428 Page 1

Calm 3%

40%

30%

20%

10%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

Rainfall statistics

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

50%

MELBOURNE AIRPORT

Site No: 086282 • Opened Jun 1970 • Still Open • Latitude: -37.6655° • Longitude: 144.8321° • Elevation 113.m

N

40%

Custom times selected, refer to attached note for details

MELBOURNE AIRPORT

>= 40

Summer

Rose of Wind direction versus Wind speed in km/h (01 Jul 1970 to 24 Jul 2019)

Custom times selected, refer to attached note for details

NW

30%

20%

10%

Rose of Wind direction versus Wind speed in km/h (01 Jul 1970 to 24 Jul 2019)

>= 10 and < 20 >= 30 and < 40 >= 20 and < 30

SE

30%

20%

Melbourne wind rose: In the summer month of January, warm winds tend to blow predominantly from the north in the morning whilst the afternoon yields cool southerly winds. These afternoon winds can be harnessed for passive cross ventilation.

MELBOURNE AIRPORT

Site No: 086282 • Opened Jun 1970 • Still Open • Latitude: -37.6655° • Longitude: 144.8321° • Elevation 113.m

An asterisk (*) indicates that calm is less than 0.5%.

Other important info about this analysis is available in the accompanying notes.

10%

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Roof and shading: Clerestory roof made of recycled, light coloured concrete tiles to enhance thermal mass of house. The tiles can reflect heat during summer.

Eaves and other strategies shade the facade where required.

In the winter months, winds blow primarily from the north. Wind should be buffered in the winter months to avoid loss of heat.

Rainfall of western suburbs: Rainfall is fairly constant year round with slightly heavier fall in the last few months of the year.

May is the wettest month.

June is the driest month.

Greywater garden tap

The Patels: The Patels are an elderly couple who are wanting to build a home in an outer-western suburb of Melbourne near Caroline Springs. Retired with a reasonable sum of money, the Patels are keen to invest in a home that will be environmnetally sustainable as well as being comfortable. They have 14 grandchildren and so have frequent guests at home, primarily on weekends and sometimes for weeks at a time during the summer. However they are also interested in being able to zone off the home when the grandchildren are not around.

Being old, they are interested in a home that is well heated and cooled whilst remaining environmentally conscious , energy efficient and low maintenance.

Mrs Patel is a passionate gardener, and hopes to spend her retirement years building a beautiful garden.

House location and orientation: The house is placed towards the south of the site to maximise its access to the northern sun. Far from the road, the Patel’s won’t be bothered by noise. Living spaces and windows are located towards the north of the house where they will receive passive light and warmth during the day.

Deciduous tree does not block winter light by acts as stormwater management and provided cooling strategy in summer to main bedroom.

GWS

Rainwater garden tap

Summer solstice sun path

9am

general fall of site

Site Plan

Grey water system Sewer vent

Rainwater overflow

Electricity

Temperature of Caroline Springs: February is the hottest time of year with an average maximum temperature of 26°C. July is the coldest time of year with an average maximum temperature of 13°C. During January, March, April, November and December daily temperatures fall between 20°C and 25°C. The climate is heating dominated.

RWT

Mains water

Sewerage

highest point

Rain water tank

Winter

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:200 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2019 . Prepared on 24 Jul 2019 Prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology.

Contact us by phone on (03) 9669 4082, by fax on (03) 9669 4515, or by email on climatedata@bom.gov.au We have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this information.

TCZ7951428 Page 1

Page 1 of 10 Copyright © Commonwealth of Australia 2019 . Prepared on 24 Jul 2019 Prepared by the Bureau of Meteorology.

Contact us by phone on (03) 9669 4082, by fax on (03) 9669 4515, or by email on climatedata@bom.gov.au We have taken all due care but cannot provide any warranty nor accept any liability for this information.

TCZ7951428 Page 1

Window 900mm in height - 450mm eave overhang Legend: Reverse brick veneer Rammed Earth

1200

Polished concrete slab Windows Clerestory windows Cross-ventilation Stack ventilation Desirabel solar radiation

room 1

room 2

room 3

Undesirable solar radiation Shading strategies

Windows facing north = 2 meters in height 1200 eave overhang Concrete floor: The floor of the northerly living area is an insulated, polished, 225m concrete slab-on ground. This enhances solar heat gain in the building as the high thermal mass of the slab stores the warmth transmitted through the glazing to the north of the house during the day. In winter this heat will be re-radiated into the house in the evening and at reverse brick glass fibre night, reducing the amount of auxilary heating needed to warm the house. veneer, timber batts, R4.0 In the summer, this stored heat can be wicked away by cladding opening windows (and optionally turning on fans) and allowing cool breezes to flow through the room. rammed earth Other rooms also have 100mm concrete slab floors, however the effect of the thermal mass is reduced as they are Concrete slab, covered in carpet or tiles. insultaion R2 The slab contains hydronic coils and is made of enviroconslab edge crete to lower its embodied energy impact.

insulation R1 Winter

clerestory windows facing north cross-ventilation through house Summer stack ventilation desirable solar radiation undesirable solar radiation

Glazing: Glazing is primarily located on the northern facade of the building where living areas are located to allow maximum daylight and sun radiation into the space.

Windows on the south side of the building are smaller in size, allowing light and cool southern breezes in the summer, but reducing the amount of heat loss during cooler months of the year.

Minimal glazing is located to the west to reduce heat gain during the summer evenings when the angle of the sun in the sky increases the amount of radiation transmitted through glass. The window in bedroom 3 is necessary for cross ventilation.

Clerestory windows: The clerestory windows in the roof design can be opened to allow warm air to rise and leave the house during the summer months (stack-ventilation).

During winter, these north-facing windows are excellent heat and light gain strategies which benefit the rooms towards the back of the house.

Passive thermal

Shading: Eaves that shade north facing windows are 1200mm deep, as these windows measure over 2100mm from sill to the base of the eave.

The window on the west facade is permanently shade by trees growing on the west of the site.

Rammed earth wall: The central rammed earth wall that divides the living space from the bedrooms and bathrooms is also high thermal mass, storing heat received from northern windows and transfering it into the sleeping spaces at night.

Rule of thumb for shading on north facing windows:

Pergola: The 1200mm deep pergola on the northern facade of the house shades the large amount of glazing (windows are 2100mm in height). Covered in deciduous vine, living areas are shaded from the hot summer sun while maintaining access to the winter sun.

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 2 of 10

D2

D2

D2 1400

950

W1

W1

W1

Contact Reverse brickdetails veneer

1600

A4/4

Tel: 1300 247 235 Rammed Earth Email: info@kingspaninsulation.com.au

700

W5

RBV

Polished concrete slab

May 2012

1200

OUTSIDE

W2

Windows Clerestory windows

1200 W2

W9

W5

900

Internal walls: Rammed earth along centre of building is a material of low embodied energy and high thermal mass.

Insulated plasterboard stud walls are used for all other internal walls. They are easy and cheap to construct and if sourced considerately, have low embodied energy and Kingspan Insulation Pty Ltd impact on the environment.

Kingspan Insulation Pty. Ltd. reserves the right to amend product specifications without prior notice. The information, technical details and fixing instructions etc. included in this literature are given in good faith and apply to uses described. Recommendations for use should be verified as to the suitability and compliance with actual requirements, specifications and any applicable laws and regulations. For other applications or conditions of use, Kingspan Insulation offers a Technical Advisory Service the advice of which should be sought for uses of Kingspan Insulation products that are not specifically described herein. Please check that your copy of the literature is current by contacting us or visiting www.kingspaninsulation.com.au

W3

Tel: 1300 247 235 Email: info@kingspaninsulation.com.aue

W7

W8

www.kingspaninsulation.com.au

W7

W4

950 https://awawers.net/ressearch/search/vic

950

W6

SAIG-08-20029

® Kingspan, Kooltherm, Air-Cell, the zo Device and the Lion Device are Registered Trademarks of the Kingspan Group plc in Australia and other countries. All rights reserved. © Kingspan Insulation Pty Ltd

700

450

WINDOW SCHEDULE ZEN-003-08 FRAME: (Eco) thermally broken aluminium Tilt n turn GLAZING: Double glazing Argon fill Uw: 2.7 SHGC: 0.52 Tvw: 0.51

W3 2100

W0

2100

W1

Helps achieve a 6-star house energy rating

●

3-in-1 insulation, vapourpermeable membrane and radiant barrier

●

Fibre-free, non-allergenic, non-irritant

●

Quick and easy to install

●

Acts as a temporary weather barrier prior to wall cladding being fixed

●

Strong, tough, durable

●

Water-resistant and unaffected by moisture

Timber hinged entry door

INSIDE

Concrete slab

Slab edge insulation

Rodent and insect resistant

Under-slab insulation

●

Flammability Index ≤ 5

●

Compliant with AS/NZS 4859.1

CodeMark-certified for BCA Insulation: compliance Walls are insulated with R4 glass wool bulk insualation. The air pockets in the batts resist transfer of convective and conductive heat.

Slab edges are insullated with R2 rigid foam insulation and the underside of the slab itself is insulated with R value 4.

Gaps are sealed with durable, flexible caulks and seals or expandable foam for larger gaps. ●

Roof: Clerestory roof with recycled concrete tiles. The high thermal mass of the tiles allows for heat to be stored from the sun. The clerestory windows are operable awning windows, allowing stack ventilation to cool the house in summer.

Bulk insulation is located within the roof and down-facing sarking is French doors Timber hinged doortiles to reduce Timber hinged entry door beneath located the roof heat loss during winter months.

Can be fixed in open position for be fixed open With fixed windowA minimumCan gap of 25mm must be cross located between sarking ventilation controlthe and solar gain and other elements.

1400

W9 1600

1400

500 D0

2100

2100

D1

D2

2100

2100

D3

1200 1000 500

W7 1500

W4

W8

1000

820

1500

W6

1700

820

820

450 950 1000

700

ZEN-003-03

DOW-021-02

FRAME: (Eco) thermally broken aluminium Tilt n turn GLAZING: Double glazing Argon fill Uw: 2.0 SHGC: 0.12 Tvw: 0.16

FRAME: Thermally broken aluminium Awning GLAZING: Double Glazing Argon fill Uw: 1.9 SHGC: 0.52 Twv: 0.54

W5

1500

700

Materials and construction 1400 W1 1600

1500

2100

W2

ZEN-003-01 FRAME: (Eco) thermally broken aluminium Tilt n turn GLAZING: Double glazing Argon fill Uw: 2.0 SHGC: 0.34 Tvw: 0.50

●

●

W3

W6

Brick wall

AW1075C

Issue 4

general enquiries

W0

W0

External walls: Insulation Reverse brick veneer clad in timber is W5 Timber cladding used for the external walls. This positions thermal mass within the interior of Insulation within timber the house where it can be used to store studs and re-radiate heat. Bricks are recycled.

Reverse Brick Veneer Walls An external timber cladding from ethiInsulatIon guIde cally and sustainably sourced timber has a decreased impact on the environment.

Legend:

W4

W1

W1

W1

500

W9

1000

Windows (glazing): Windows with low U-values and relatively high SHGC values have been used throughout the house.

For north facing windows, priority has been given to the SHGC value to allow solar radiation to penetrate the building and be absorbed by the thernal mass within. South facing windows use glazing that D0 prioritises a low U-value to minimise heat loss from these rooms while maintaining a reasonable light transmittance value (Twv).

The window on the west facade has a window with a very low SHGC value to minimise heat gain during hot summer afternoons. Similarly, the eastern laundry window uses the same glazing to reduce Windows (frame): Frames are mainly thermally broken aluminium tilt n turn frames; chosen for their low maintenance, relatively economical costs and their resistance to heat transfer. The tilt and turn option allows them to be opened to a maximum of 45% with the option of opening the window at smaller percentage by fixing the window in a tilt position. This allows for flexbility in cross-ventilation and breeze control. D2

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020 950 W1

D2

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

D1 D3

D2

D2

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: D2 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

W4 W5

D2

Page 3 of 10

L06 Legend:

éxhaust fan

Ceiling light

L02

Inverter

L02

L03 L04

L04 L02

L06

L02

To telecom pit

PV meter

L01

L06

To electrical pole

NTD PSU

fan ( with light)

L02

L04

Multiple light switch

L04

L06

SWB ELEC L04 L04

L01

L03 L03

L01

single power point

Double power point

L05

L05

L01

PV meter

multiple light switch

Single light switch

L01

Photovoltaic

Single light switch

Fan (with light)

L06

Inverter

smoke and fire alarm meter

Smoke and fire alarm

Exhaust fan

PCD

Grid interactive inverter

Ceiling light

Wall light fitting

L05

L01

double power point

Weatherproof power point

wall light fitting

Premises connection device

weatherproof PCD

Power supply unit

L03

PSU 5W/m2 indoors Network terminaNTDoutdoors 4W/m2 tion device

L05 L03

calculations that comply with NCC regulations ELEC Electricity meter show Photovoltaic panels: The Patels are trying to emit as little carbon as possible into the atmosphere - they have decided to rely mainly on energy provided by their own photovoltaic panels which produce zero carbon emissions. They will be grid connected for now but are planning to purchase battery storage in a few years time which will assist in running their hydronic heating systems.

The Patels have space for 39 1x1.7m PV panels on their north facing roof. If 250W panels are used, the system would be a 9.75kW system which is enough for 39kWh of energy use per day. A higher amount of power can be produced if 330W panels are used. This will be more than enough to provide for the electricity usage of the Patels - including the hydronic heating systems in their house - and any number of children they may have in the house. The Patels are keen to install such a large number of panels as they hope to disconnect from the grid in the future and become completely solar-reliant. This is enough to provide for approximately 17kWh of electricity use a day if 330W panels are used.

PV panels face north. Seeing as the Patels use electricity predominantly in winter to heat their home (water for hydronic slab and panels heated with electric boiler, electric heat pump for domestic hot water, more lighting needs), the PV panels are pitched on mounts at an angle of 40 degrees which will ensure more efficient energy production during these months.

Electrical and telecom

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Domestic switchboard

5,000 lumens as primary light source per 23 square m

SWB

Light bulb

Colour

Other

Number

Energy (watts)

Total energy (watts)

L01: Ceiling fan

Warm (2700K)

LED bulb, 1500 lumens

5

23

140

L02: Kitchen lights

Cool White (4100K)

LED bulb, 1500 lumens

4

20

100

L03: Bathroom light

Cool White (4100K)

LED bulb , 1100 lumens

4

14

56

L04: Hallway pendant

Warm (3000K)

LED bulb, 500 lumens

5

8

40

L05: Cupboard light

Warm White, (3000K)

LED bulb, 250 lumens

2

4

8

L06: Outdoor lights

Warm White, (3000K)

LED bulb, 1200 lumens

4

12

48

10kW

eventual battery

A central inverter is used for the PV system due to its ability to be used with a battery. The inverter converts direct current from the PV panels to alternative current which can be used by household appliances.

PV panels central inverter

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

PV meter

utility meter switchboard

grid home appliances

Ceiling and pendant lights are chosen over downlights due to asthetic values of the former and the unfavourable breaks in insulation caused by downlights.

All lights used LED light bulbs as these are highly energy efficient and long lasting.

Compliance with NCC regulations: Total energy for indoor lighting: 140W+100W+56W+40W+8W=344W Total area indoors: 138.14m2 Total energy/area: 344 ÷ 138 = 2.5W/m2

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 4 of 10

Legend:

Hot water: A SANDEN ECO PLUS 300 LITRE electric heat pump and hot water storage tank provides the hot water to the house.

With a COP greater than 5.5, (0.9kW of energy to generate 5.0kW of heat) the tank uses very little energy in comparison to most hot water systems.

Mains water connection Rainwater tank overflow to LPD Rainwater tank To LPD

To water meter

Tank water To rainwater garden tap

300L

The heat pump is placed outside where it will work at maximum efficiency. Heat is drawn from ambient air and transfered to water in the tank via a refrigerant. The refrigerant is pumped around the tank using electricity. The system can be set to heat water during the day when the heat pump can be powered by the Patels’ PV panels and when the ambienttemperature is also at its peak.

Hot water Water filter Water pump

Rain water tank 15,000L

Down pipe Hot water storage tank Electric heat pump

evaporative cooler

Evaporative cooler

filter pump down pipe

The 300L tank stores the hot water which can be used throughout the day and has the capacity to provide for occasions where up to 6 people are staying the night at the Patels.

The storage tank is located within the house in the laundry where it will be better insulated, and could even be used to warm fresh linen or towels.

head vent

GWS

Rainwater tank: A 15,000L polyethylene rainwater tank is located underneath the ground to the east of the house, close to kitchen and laundry utilities and the hot water system.

Placing the large tank underground means it can be positioned in proximity to these services without obstructing views to the garden or blocking access to sunlight during the day.

The 15,000L tank will be able to sustain the Patel’s and their extended family on days when a large number of people are in the house. Mrs Patel is also a keen gardener and will insist on watering the garden on dry days, so a more sustainable way of sourcing water is prefered.

The water from the tank is filtered so that is potable and may be used in the kitchen.

Gas: The Patel’s have made a conscious decision not to use gas in their new home. While gas emitts less carbon than coalfired electricity, the Patel’s hope to cover most of their electricity usage via solar power, which produces zero carbon emissions. The Patel’s are planning to invest in battery storage for their PV panels so that they can reduce their carbon emissions completely.

Hot water storage tank Sanden electric heat pump

Wet system: A wet system is used to collect rainwater from sides of the roof, maximising the amount of water collected during a bout of rain.

Pipework runs underground from downpipes to the tank and water is fed into the tank via gravity. Even when it is not raining, pipes contain water, hence the name ‘wet system’.

The rainwater tank is backed up by the mains from the street in times when water runs out.

Water and gas supply

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 5 of 10

to sewer pit

S

Legend:

Sewerage: Waste from toilets, the kitchen sink and the washing machine (conscious decision not to include as grey water) are discharged as sewerage.

The sewer pipes are gravitiy fed and run underground towards the sewer which is located at the lowest point of the site.

The head vent at the highest point of the sewerage system allows air ventilation within the system, retaining appropriate air pressure that allows the sewage to travel through the pipes. The vent also allows sewer gases to be released from the house.

Mains water connection

to mains water

Rainwater tank overflow to LPD

to LPD

Rainwater tank Tank water Rain water tank 15,000L

Pipes take the most direct route to the main sewage line without intersecting at right angles. This allows matter to travel smoothly through the sytem and minimises risk of clogging.

Hot water Water filter Water pump Down pipe Grey water system

Sewer connections

GWS

Grey water collection

filter pump

Grey water use

down pipe

Sewerage pipes Sewer vent

Head vent

head vent

to greywater garden tap

HWS

GWS

Stormwater: Stormwater runoff is managed on site with the plantation of trees in the garden, particularly towards the eastern site boundary to which the ground slopes.

Mrs Patels’extensive garden will also absorb a lot of stormwater, slowing its passage on the street and into surrounding property lots.

Some native plants that are particularly good at removing pollutants from stormwater include: Melaleuca ericifolia

Infiltration garden: With a rich garden, much of the rainwater that falls onto the site will be absorbed and used for good purpose. However, the Patels think they can further improve rainwater use on site.

The Patels want a paved path to run from their front door to the street. As paving can be problematic and cause excess water runoff and pooling, this has been identified as an area for stormwater management.

An infiltration garden will be built to the east of this paved path, which will absorb large amounts of water before it can pool to the east of the site.

Once established, an infiltration garden is both an aesthetic and low maintenance option.

Hot water Greywater: system To further enhance water saving and recycling strategies, the Patels Sanden electric heat pump

will install a grey-water system. Water from the shower, bath, and hand basin will be collected and reused for toilet flushing and garden watering. The Patels have decided not to connect the washing machine to the grey water system due to their concern about some of the chemicals found in clothes washing products.

The kitchen is not fed into the system due to the grease and solid matter that is often washed down the sink.

The greywater system is also connected to the sewerage system in case of overflow and where it is discharged after 24 hours for safety reasons.

The greywater system is backed up by the rainwater tank, which is in turn backed up by the mains.

The grey water is not filtered and Mrs Patel does not use it to water any plants harvested for food. She has a dedicated rainwater tap for her vegetable patch.

Juncus flavidus

Goodenia ovata The infiltration garden will be 2m wide and 850mm deep. It will be layered with different soil layers and rockwork that range in coarseness including scoria, screenings and sand. These will ensure prolonged infiltration of rainwater.

The garden must be fitted with an overflow pipe where water can be redirected to the legal point of discharge in case of overflow.

Water recycling and drainage

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 6 of 10

Legend: Thermostat Heat shifter (insulated ducts and outlet vents)

Hydronic in-slab heating: The radiant and convective heat provided by the hydronic slab is comfortable and will keep the Patels’ home toasty warm in winter.

Thermostat In-slab coils have a slow reaction time and are best left running for long periods at a time. This is suitable for the Patels home which is situated in a climate that can be relatively cold for many months of the year. heat shifter

Heat shifter fan Hydronic coil in-slab

hydronic coil in slab

Electric boiler Hydronic panel Rammed earth wall Polished concrete slab

Hydronic heating system: Water is heated to 50 degrees C by an electric boiler which is a separate to the domestic hot water system. While a heat pump would have been a more efficient location of the inlet vent close to rammed earth wallmechanism for heating water, the Patels to capture heat that reradiates out in the evening wanted the option of coupling their slab with hydronic panels in their bedrooms also minimises distance warm air has to travel to reach and bathrooms. An electric heat pump vents - preserves heat.

Hydronic panel in outlet main bedroom: cannot heat water to 75 degrees which is The panel is placed under the winneeded for the panels. dow where cold air will be immeThe combined hydronic electric boiler diately warmed as it enters the allows the two systems to use the same room and unpleasant draughts boiler. This also means the system can be across the room will be minimised. located inside.

The high energy use of the boiler is offset by the lower costs of off-peak energy and the electricity-providing PV panels that will be installed on the roof.

with dampers for zoning.

Passive heating strategies: High amounts of glazing towards the north allow solar radiation to heat the living spaces during the day. Clerestory windows allow warmth into the rooms at the back of the house.

South facing windows are small to minimise heat loss during the night.

The high thermal mass of the uncovered concrete slab, the reverse brick veneer walls and the rammed earth wall absorb heat during the day and re-radiate it during the evenings and night.

Thermostat: The thermostat is located in the living area as this is where people will spend most of their time.

Panel radiator

Pump

Boiler

Heat shifter: Insulated ducted pipes and a fan located in the ceiling help to move warm air from the living area to the southern rooms of the house. Zoning is possible through the use of dampers which are located within the ducts. The heat shifter can be set to turn on during the evening for a couple of hours before the Patels retreat to their rooms - this way energy is not consumed during the day and the heat shifter is making use of the heat reradiated by the concrete slab and rammed earth walls that has been absorbed during the day. The heat shifter couples well with the slow reacitivity of the hydronic in-slab sytem as even when the coils are turned off at night, heat may still be transferred into the back rooms.

Hydronic panels: Rather than positioning vents from the heat shifter in the bathrooms which are often damp and full of smells, hydronic panels will be installed in the form of heated towel racks. Like the slab, hydronic panels radiate comfortable heat. They can be zoned or set to different temperatures, ideal for when the Patels are not being visited by their grandchildren, or when the children using the bedrooms have different heating preferences to them. A panel is also located in the main bedroom for any nights where the heat provided by the thermal mass and heat shifter might not be enough.

It is also possible to combine the hydronic panels with the hydronic in-slab coils using a combined electric water boiler which uses a hyrdaulic manifold to separate the two systems which operate at different degrees.

Heating

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 7 of 10

Legend: Thermostat Fan (with light) 3x152

mm = 456

to LPD to RWT

Evaporative cooler

Thermostat evaporative cooler

Insulated ducts and vents

132cm diameter curved blades variable speed control reverse function for winter use

Passive cooling strategies: Glazing is kept to a (reasonable) minimum on the eastern and western facades of the building where the low angle of the summer sun allows a greater amount of radiation to be transmitted through glazing.

Openable windows (tilt n turn and awning) both at ground floor level and at roof level (clerestory) allow for passive cross-ventilation and stack-ventilation through the house. These strategies work best in summer evenings when cool southerly winds blow through Melbourne. In the evening, opened windows allow air movement to wick away any heat stored in the concrete slab and other materials of high thermal mass from the day’s sun.

Evaporative cooler: Temperatures near Caroline Springs are generally mild even in summer, however the Patels are an elderly couple and it would be a risk to leave them unsupported by a secondary cooling system during the peak of summer. The evaporative cooler is a comfortable and healthy cooling method that is not draughty or dry. The system works best in low humidity climates, the average 50% humidity levels during summer in Caroline springs are suitable for the system to work. It is more energy efficient than a Reverse Cycle AC Unit.

One disadvantage of the evaporative cooler is that it consumes a large amount of water during a time of year when the rainwater tank is likely to be low, however it is a necessity and won’t be used often.

The resovoir of the evaporative cooler also needs to be emptied and cleaned seasonally to avoid mold growth. The Patels may have to ask family to assist with maintainance.

Cross-ventilation

Stack-ventilation

Electric fans: Electric fans with curved blades are used alongside passive cross and stack ventilation strategies to cool the house.

152cm diameter fans are used in the living spaces. 122cm in the small bedrooms and 132cm in the Patels’ room.

Cooling

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

The evaporative cooler works by evaporating water into air taken from outside and introducing this now-cool air into the house. With the windows opened, hot air will be vented out of the house as it is replaced with cooler air.

Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutorial no. 11 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

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Legend: Potential area for a green wall Potential biological greywater filtration system

COVID-19 situation: Being in a high-risk category during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Patels have made the decision to self-isolate in their new house. Social distancing is imperative even from family members.

Patel usually has resporation, the garden to occupy, however with so much time on her hands, GreenMrs wall : improves she is finding herself with less and less to work on outdoors. well-being The Patels are interested in projects that will be able to occupy them and take their food source mind off the pandemic, whilst also improving the sustainability and efficiency of their house. cooling mechanism

collects storm water

Reducing energy use during lockdown: During lockdown the Patels will need to operate the house accordingly so as not to use more energy than necessary.

The house will need to be zoned - with only two people living in the large house not all rooms need to be heated and cooled. If needed, hydronic panels should only be used in the main bedroom and ensuite and the heat shifter should only transfer heat to this room.

Similarly, the evaporative cooler should only transfer air to the living areas and main irrigated byDoors greywater bedroom. to other rooms should be kept closed.

Garden Garden fitration system using grey water

Green walls: Green walls are a fantastic way to improve functionality, aesthetic value and even efficiency of a house.

The Patels could set up a vertical garden inside their house, in a well-ventilated and well lit area, where they could grow plants and even herbs. from greywater garden tap

Some of their benefits include: - Improvement of air quality - Noise reduction - Passive cooling in summer - Aesthetic qualities

Greywater filtration garden: The Patels’ greywater is currently unfiltered and so has little scope for reuse. Furthermore, with more and more eco-friendly laundry soaps on the market, the Patels might decide that they are in fact interested in reusing the water from their washing machine.

The Patels may be interested in considering a bioligical filtration system for their greywater, that could make it more useful in their home, both during and after lockdown.

Plants are excellent filters for water, as they can absorb and remove the pollution, excess minerals and even human pathogens from water.

Materials needed for a biological filtration system: - A vessle to support the ecosystem; ie. a tub, wicking bed, timber container - Various aggregates of different coarseness to slow the movement of water; ie. gravel, pebbles, sand - Plants with a thick root network that will thoroughly filter and purify the water; Marsh grass lake (Schoenoplectus), Iris (Iris pseudacorus), Common reed (Phragmites australis), Cattail (Typha latifolia).

Some plants with thick root systems, ideal for greywater infiltration include:

Some biological filtration options include: - A small biological filtration garden can be set up in a large tub next to the washing machine. The plumbing of the washing machine can be easily tampered with so as to redirect used water from the machine into the tub. Water filtered by the tub garden can be collected in a bucket and used for the garden, including on edible plants or even in the house on a vertical garden.

- A large bioligical filtration garden could be constructed outside. Water from the greywater garden tap could be fed into the system and the filtered water could be collected for later use.

- If it is possible to access the plumbing of the kitchen sink (and the local council has been involved for discussion), a filtration system can be built to filter water from the kitcken. This system will need to include a worm bed made of a coarse medium (woodchips or bark from the garden) which will filter out large particles that are discharged from the kitchen sink. The worm bed will need to be followed by a grease trap system where water is allowed to settle so that fats and grease can be separated out.

COVID-19 response

Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Cattail (Typha latifolia)

Common reed (Phragmites australis)

Iris (Iris pseudacorus)

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

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First Rate Energy Assessment

Semester 2 - 2020

Project Information Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date

Walls Type

New Home

Area (m2)

60 Tullamarine

Reverse Brick Veneer

R4.0

135.8

Suburban

Rammed Earth

0

54.4

The Patels

Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall

R4.0

72

Near Caroline Springs

Floors

Katherine Thomas

Type

14/9/2020

Energy Usage Mode

Energy (MJ/m2)

Total Heating Cooling

Insulation

Insulation

Ventilation

Area (m2)

225mm concrete slab

4.0

enclosed

69.7

100mm concrete slab Lined

4.0

enclosed

52.3

Roof/Ceiling

57.8

Type

54.3 3.5

Insulation

Cont:Attic-Continuous

Area (m2)

R7.0

122.1

Areas Area Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area

Windows

Size (m2) 105.1

Type

Kitchen/Dining Living Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 WC Laundry Ensuite Bathroom Hallway

Area (m )

Area (m2)

FIB-006-01 W Fibreglass B DG Argon Fill Clear-Clear

2.60

0.53

33.93

ZEN-003-08

0

PVC-005-04 W uPVC A DG Argon Fill Low Solar Gain low-E -Clear

2.00

0.18

0.70

ZEN-003-03

FIB-005-03 W Fibreglass A DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E -Clear 2.00

0.25

6.36

ZEN-003-01

Window Directions Zone

SHGC

17.0

Zones Heating (MJ/m2)

2

U-value

Total Heating (MJ)

Cooling (MJ/m2)

Total Cooling (MJ)

58.9

84.9

4999.7

7.1

418.2

--

--

--

--

--

11.0

16.3

179.2

0.1

0.7

10.8

8.5

91.7

0.1

1.3

17.4

16.6

289.5

0.7

11.9

2.0

355.9

716.3

0.1

0.3

5.8

--

--

--

--

4.4

--

--

--

--

6.7

--

--

--

--

5.1

118.6

601.9

2.6

13.4

Student Name: Katherine Thomas

Direction N

Area (m2)

30.3

Direction E

Area (m2) 3.7

Direction S

Area (m2) 4.9

Direction W

Area (m2) 2.0

Roof/Ceiling Penetration Type Exhaust fan

Student Number: 1080553

Location Kitchen, ensuite, bathroom, WC, laundry

Quantity 5

Sealed

Area (m2)

Yes

Final Star Rating: 8.2 Note: the actual windows have been substituted for their most suitable counterparts available in FirstRate5. The actual window codes are located on the right of the table.

FirstRate energy assessment Assignment 1 House Plan Date: 14/9/2020

Site 4 - The Patels Kookaburra House

Tutorial no. 11 Katherine Thomas Scale: 1:100 @ A3 Tutor: Nayan Puri 10808553 All dimensions in mm

Page 10 of 10