•According to Kantor (1936), the term psycholinguistics is a branch of human science that decrypts the process of how a human mind acquires language to produce it.
•In other words, it is the study of mental representations and processes applied in language: production, comprehension, and repository of written and spoken language.
*It is based on belief, context, and experiences, and mental representations are different for everyone.
•In addition, it is a psychology and linguistics field combination of the scientific study of language analysis of form, meaning, context, and the mental aspect of human beings.
•Language is complex, and it is a way of communication between others.
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"To comprehend and produce language"
For example, The cohort model refers to how words are recovered fr om the mental lexicon with linguist ic input (Marsden & Wilson, 1980).
The input is the environment that involves the learner (when an individual hears, sees, and is in contact with the language).
Unanswered questions
Where determine language processes that occur in the brain? The human ability to use syntax is innate or learned by social interaction? Can the aminals learn our language?
Processes of production comprehension
Many psychologists focus on three main aspects of language
competence:Acquisition: It is language learning in babyhood or later.
Comprehension: It refers to the ability to interact with intended meanings from language. Production: It is the ability to speak or write fluently.
This image describes how people produce language in an ordinated way. First, it starts at the central/ parenthetical part of our brain. Then, the intention of sending a message, plan and structure a sentence to articulate by words. After that, we recognize words to check them in the correct structure and interpretation them in the context.
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First and second language acquisition. It is focused on how kids learn their native language and what processes they do in the second one. Moreover, the age aspect (sensitive periods) refers to learning a language represents more complex for adults than kids because of brain flexibility. The more language people practice, the easier it will be For example, in the English program: Italian, French, and German are added to improve the abilities of students in language, and the same in other programs.
It is related to brain damage, mental illnesses, and how people process language For example, Aphasiology
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•It is based on the habit formation learning process using stimulus responses and positive reinforcement with a reward system. Thus, operant conditioning uses the trial and error strategy until achieving the desired objective.
• Language Learning involves a period of trial and error where the child tries and fails to use correct language until it succeeds.
- According to Chomsky (1957), we can acquire language because we are encoded genetically with a universal grammar. This theory emphasizes the innate ability of children to learn a language.
It refers to the learner cannot express unknown concepts. Therefore, the kid first learns the language from the environment. The child hears every word from his/her parents acquires the sounds and tries to transmit those patterns with mistakes.
This theory proposes the purpose of learning a language is for communication, and people can learn it just by the context (culture) and interaction with adults and other kids.
The optimality theory analyzes the words that people commonly use and do not. Especially, it is a linguistic model proposing the disuse of words after observing forms of language use in society to modernize the discourse.
Photo by Tete_escape•It is focused on applying the language through different activities to relational a small set of cognitive processes ( describing, analyzing, and explaining the language structure and function.
•The usage based approach to language development suggests that children initially build up their language through concrete constructions based on individual words or frames based on the speech they hear and see.
In this theory, the relationships and models are interconnected to create an effective environment for language learning.
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