Test bank for guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 13th edition by john e hall 005 2

Test Bank for Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition, By John E. Hall

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Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition Chapter 06: Contraction of Skeletal Muscle Test Bank 1. A 28-year-old man has been training as a distance runner for the past 6 years. Compared with a sprinter, which of the following is most likely to be decreased in the skeletal muscles of this athlete during resting conditions?

A. Capillary density B. Glycolytic enzyme content C. Mitochondrial volume density D. Myoglobin content E. Oxidative capacity ANS: A 2. A physiology experiment is conducted in which a skeletal muscle twitch is initiated with an electrical stimulator. Which factor contributes to the termination of a typical skeletal muscle twitch?

A. Calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum B. Closure of transverse tubules C. Depletion of calcium stores from sarcoplasmic reticulum D. Exhaustion of muscle adenosine triphosphate stores E. Stimulation of dihydropyridine (DHP) receptors ANS: A 3. A 24-year-old medical student goes to the local gym to lift weights. She begins by benchpressing 100 pounds as a warm-up procedure and then gradually increases the weight.

Which of the following occurs as she adds more weight?

A. Decreased frequency of motor nerve action potentials B. Decreased velocity of motor nerve action potentials C. Increased frequency of motor nerve action potentials D. Increased velocity of motor nerve action potential E. Involvement of fewer motor units ANS: C

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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4. A 24-year-old woman is admitted to the emergency department after an automobile accident in which lacerations to the left wrist severed a major tendon. The severed ends of the tendon were overlapped by 6 cm to facilitate suturing and reattachment. Which of the following characteristics would be expected after 6 weeks compared with the preinjured muscle? Assume that series growth of sarcomeres cannot be completed within 6 weeks.

A. B. C. D. E.

Passive Tension Decrease Decrease Increase Increase No change

Maximal Active Tension Decrease Increase Increase Decrease No change

ANS: D 5. During the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber, the actin and myosin filaments slide past each other. Which of the following represents expected changes in the widths of I bands and A bands during the contraction process?

I Band Width A Band Width A. ↑ ↔ B. ↓ ↑ C. ↓ ↓ D. ↓ ↔ E. ↔ ↑ ANS: D 6. When a person lifts a 25-pound weight, what type(s) of muscle contraction are involved?

A. Isometric contraction only B. Isotonic contraction only C. Isometric contraction followed by isotonic contraction D. Isotonic contraction followed by isometric contraction ANS: C

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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7. The length-tension diagram shown was obtained from a skeletal muscle with equal numbers of red and white fibers. Supramaximal tetanic stimuli were used to initiate an isometric contraction at each muscle length studied.

The resting length was 20 cm. What is the maximum amount of active tension this muscle is capable of generating at a preload of 100 grams?

A. 145 to 155 grams B. 25 to 35 grams C. 55 to 65 grams D. 95 to105 grams E. Cannot be determined

200 150 Tension (grams)

100 50 0 0

10

20 30 Length (cm)

40

ANS: C 8. The diagram shows the relationship between muscle tension and sarcomere length for muscle. Which point on the curve represents tension development at C a normal resting length for skeletal muscle?

B ANS: C

Tension

D

A

E Length

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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9. The diagram shows the relationship between muscle tension and sarcomere length for muscle. Which point on the curve represents tension development at a normal resting length for cardiac muscle?

C ANS: B

B Tension

D

A

E Length

10. A 29-year-old woman has been training as a distance runner for the past 5 years. Which set of changes best describes the skeletal muscles of this woman compared with a sprinter?

Capillary Density Oxidative Capacity Myoglobin Content Fiber Diameter A. Decreased Decreased Decreased Decreased B. Decreased Decreased Increased Increased C. Increased Increased Decreased Decreased D. Increased Increased Increased Decreased E. Increased Increased Increased Increased ANS: D

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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11. The length-tension diagram shown was obtained from a skeletal muscle with equal numbers of red and white fibers. Supramaximal tetanic stimuli were used to initiate an isometric contraction at each muscle length studied. What are the values (in grams) of preload, active tension, and total tension when the muscle length is 60 cm?

400 300 Tension (grams)

200 100 0 0

A. B. C. D. E.

Preload 100 100 150 200 200

Active Tension 200 300 250 100 200

20

40 60 Length (cm)

Total Tension 300 200 300 300 300

ANS: A 12. A 45-year-old man goes to the local gym to lift weights. He begins by bench-pressing 130 pounds as a warm-up procedure and then gradually increases the weight. Which of the following sets of changes occurs as he adds more weight?

Activation of Motor Units Frequency of Motor Nerve Action Potentials A. Decreased Decreased B. Decreased Increased C. Decreased No change D. Increased Decreased E. Increased Increased F. Increased No change ANS: E

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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13. The skeletal muscle sarcomere normally has a narrow range of lengths in vivo, but sarcomere length can vary greatly in vitro under nonphysiological conditions. The diagram shows sarcomeres at various lengths. At which length can the sarcomere exert its maximum force during an isometric contraction?

A. 1.6 µm B. 2.1 µm C. 2.8 µm D. 3.0 µm E. 3.5 µm

1.6 µm

2.3 µm 3.7 µm

ANS: B 2.0 µm

14. The diagram shows the relationship between contraction velocity and force. Which of the following muscles is most likely to correspond to muscle number 1 shown on the diagram (assume 1 that all muscles shown are at their normal resting lengths).

Contraction velocity A. 4 5 B. .

3

C. .

0 D. .

E. .

ANS: E

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

0

2 Force

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15. The diagram shows the relationship between contraction velocity and force. Which of the following muscles is most likely to correspond to muscle number 2 shown on the diagram (assume that all muscles shown are at their normal resting lengths)?

1 Contraction velocity 4

5

A. .

3 B.

0

C.

2

0

Force

D. ANS: D 16. The diagram shows force-velocity relationships for three different skeletal muscles. Which of the following curves most likely correspond to glycolytic, oxidative, and mixed muscle types?

Glycolytic Oxidative Mixed A. X Y Z B. X Z Y C. Y X Z D. Y Z X E. Z X Y F. Z Y X

X

Contraction velocity

Y Z

0

0

Force

ANS: B 17. The dark color of red skeletal muscle (slow twitch muscle) can be attributed to a relative abundance of which of the following compared with white skeletal muscle (fast twitch muscle)?

A. Blood capillaries B. Mitochondria C. Myoglobin D. Myosin adenosine triphosphatase E. Oxidative enzymes ANS: C

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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18. High-frequency stimulation of a skeletal muscle causes tetanic contraction because the intracellular concentration of which of the following substances increases and remains at high levels?

A. Adenosine triphosphate B. Calcium C. Potassium D. Sodium E. Troponin ANS: B 19.

The increase in muscle mass that typically occurs with weight training is most likely caused by an increase in the number of which of the following?

A. Capillaries B. Mitochondria C. Muscle fibers D. Myofibrils

ANS: D 20.

The color of a type I skeletal muscle fiber can be attributed to a relative abundance of which of the following compared to type II muscle fiber?

A. Blood capillaries B. Mitochondria C. Myoglobin D. Myosin adenosine triphosphatase E. Oxidative enzymes

ANS: C 21.

The relatively high maximum velocity of shortening of a skeletal muscle containing predominately type II fibers can be partially attributed to a relative abundance of which of the following substances, compared to a muscle containing predominately type I fibers?

A. Blood capillaries B. Mitochondria C. Myoglobin D. Myosin adenosine triphosphatase E. Oxidative enzymes

ANS: D

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

Test Bank for Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 13th Edition, By John E. Hall

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22. A nerve that normally innervates a predominately type I muscle is anastomosed (connected) to a predominately type II muscle. Which of the following is most likely to increase in the predominately type II muscle after transinnervation surgery?

A. Glycolytic capacity B. Fiber diameter C. Mitochondrial content D. Maximum velocity of contraction ANS: C

Copyright © 2016 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved.

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