1.HowdoesaRamanpumpworkinthe1830specificimplementation?
ATheamplificationisdonesimultaneouslyforallchannelsastheyentertheboard B.Astheincomingsignalpowerincrease,thegainoftheamplifierisreduced.
C.Thepumplighttravelsinthesamedirectionofthesignal,amplifyingitwhileitflowsinthefibertowards thefollowingnode
D.Thepumplighttravelsintheoppositedirectionofthesignaltobeamplified,amplifyingitwhileitarrives fromtheadjacentnode
Answer:D
Explanation:
InRamanamplification,apumplaserisusedtoexcitetheRaman-activemoleculesinthefiber,which thenamplifiesthesignallightasittravelsintheoppositedirectionInthe1830specificimplementation, thepumplaseristypicallyahigh-powerlaserthatislaunchedintothefiberintheoppositedirectiontothe signalThepumplightinteractswiththeRaman-activemoleculesinthefiber,whichthenamplifiesthe signallightasittravelsintheoppositedirectionThisallowstheRamanpumptoprovideagainthat increaseswithdistance,whichcanbeusedtocompensateforthelossofsignalpowerasittravels throughthefiber
2WhichofthefollowingsentencesaboutFlexGridisfalse?
A.FlexGridallowsamoreefficientchannelspacing.
BChannelsinFlexGridsystemsareallocatedwithagranularityof275GHz
C.FlexGridsystemsusespecificsetsofboards.OldgenerationWDMsystemsneedtobeupgradedto supportFlexGrid
DTheFlexGridiscurrentlystandardizedbyITU-T
Answer:C
Explanation:
FlexGridisaflexiblegridtechnologythatallowsforvariablechannelspacingandbandwidthallocationIt usesthesamesetsofboardsasthetraditionalfixedgridsystemsanditdoesnotrequireupgradingthe oldgenerationWDMsystems
References:
✑"FlexibleGridOpticalNetworks:FromConceptstoRealizations"byDiomidisSMichalopoulosand GeorgeKKaragiannidis
✑"FlexibleGridandFlexibleSpectrumOpticalNetworks"byDiomidisSMichalopoulosandGeorgeK Karagiannidis
✑"FlexibleGridOpticalNetworks"byDiomidisSMichalopoulosandGeorgeKKaragiannidis
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutchromaticdispersion(CD)?
ADifferentchannelshavedifferentbandwidthandthiscausesdifferentCDperformances
B.Thefiberattenuationchangesalongthefiber,andwhenthelightcrossesthesedifferencestheCD takesplace
CDifferentwavelengthspropagateatdifferentspeedswithinthesamemediaandthereforedifferent colorstravelinthefiberwithdifferentspeed
DThefiberattenuationintroducesinter-channelinterference
Answer:C
Explanation:
Differentwavelengthspropagateatdifferentspeedswithinthesamemediaandthereforedifferentcolors travelinthefiberwithdifferentspeedThisphenomenonisknownaschromaticdispersionandcauses lighttospreadoutasittravelsthroughthefiberoverdistance,leadingtosignalattenuationanddistortion
Thefiberattenuationdoesnotintroduceinter-channelinterference,butitcancauseattenuationofthe signalDifferentchannelshavedifferentbandwidths,butthisdoesnotaffectCDperformance
4WhichofthefollowingapplicationsisrelatedtoWavelengthTrackertool?
ACollectinglogsrelatedtopossibleissueaffectingawavelengthpath
BTrackingtheprotectionpathforaspecificwavelength
CTracingtheend-to-endwavelengthopticalpower
DCorrectingerrorsrelatedtowavelengthinconsistencies
Answer:B
Explanation:
TrackingtheprotectionpathforaspecificwavelengthTheWavelengthTrackertoolisusedtotrackthe protectionpathofaspecificwavelength,allowingtheusertoquicklyidentifyanyissuesthatmayarise andtakecorrectiveaction
WavelengthTrackertoolisafeatureusedtomonitorandtracktheprotectionpathforaspecific wavelengthinanopticalnetworkItcanalsobeusedtomonitorandverifytheworkingstateofthe protectionpath,andtodetectandtroubleshootprotectionswitchevents.TheWavelengthTrackertool canbeusedtomonitortheprotectionpathforaspecificwavelength,anditcanalsobeusedtotracethe end-to-endpathofawavelengththroughthenetwork.Thistoolistypicallyusedbynetworkoperatorsto monitorandtroubleshootwavelength-levelissuesinthenetwork,suchasprotectionswitcheventsor wavelength-levelperformanceissues
5WhatisthepurposeofthevalidatestepintheEPTdesignprocess?
ADuringthisstep,theconfigurationavailableontheinvolvednetworkelementsiscomparedwiththe designprovidedbyEPT
BThisstepisusedtomeasureopticalpowerperformancesoveranexistingnetworkbeforemaking changes
CThisstepisoptionalandisusefultoverifythenetworkelementlayoutbeforegoingthroughthe commissionstep
D.Duringthisstep,therundesignactionistriggeredfornetworkdesignconsistencycheckanderrors fixing
Answer:D
Explanation:
ThevalidatestepintheEPTdesignprocessisusedtotriggertherundesignaction,whichisresponsible forverifyingtheconsistencyofthenetworkdesignandfixinganyerrorsthatmayexistDuringthe validationprocess,thesystemwillcomparetheconfigurationavailableontheinvolvednetworkelements andthedesignprovidedbyEPT,andanydiscrepancieswillbeflaggedforfurtherinvestigationor correction
6Whatisadegree-1node?
AAnodewithonlyonedirectionandthereforeaterminalnode
BAnodewithonlyoneexpresschannelandthereforemadeoftwosides
CAnodewithonlyeastandwestsideswithoutdirectionstowardsnorthandsouth
DAnodewithonedirectiononlyandthereforeusedasIn-Line-Amplifier(ILA)
Answer:A
Explanation:
Adegree-1nodeisanodethatonlyhasonedirection,anditisthereforeaterminalnodeThismeansthat thenodeonlyhasoneinputandoneoutputport.Itdoesnothaveanyotherportstoconnecttoother nodesorfibersThisisacommonfeatureofsomeopticaltransportnetworks,suchasringnetworks, whereadegree-1nodeservesastheendpointofthering
7Whatisthefunctionofapre-amplifierinanopticalnetwork?
AThroughthepre-amplifier,theopticalsignalisamplifiedatthereceiversideafterittravelsalongthe fiberfromanothernode
BThroughthepre-amplifier,theopticalsignalisamplifiedatthetransmittersidebeforeitissenttothe linespan
C.Throughthepre-amplifier,theopticalsignalisamplifiedboththereceiversideandatthetransmitter side
D.Throughthepre-amplifier,theopticalsignalisamplifiedwithinthenodeinternallytorecoverinternal lossesdue,forinstance,tocascadedfilters
Answer:B
Explanation:
Apre-amplifierisanopticalamplifierthatisusedtoboostthepowerofthereceivedopticalsignalbeforeit isdetectedbythereceiverinanopticalcommunicationsystemThisisdonetoovercomethelossof powerthatoccursasthesignaltravelsthroughtheopticalfiberandtoensurethatthereceivercandetect thesignalThepre-amplificationstageistypicallylocatedclosetothereceiverinordertominimizethe distancethatthesignalhastotravelbetweentheamplifierandthereceiver,whichhelpstoreducethe noiseanddistortioninthesignal
8WhatdoesittaketogetconnectedtotheNSPplatform?
AAbrowserandtheNSPIPaddress;andfromthelandingpage,theNSPapplicationshouldbe downloadedandlaunched
BAbrowserandtheNSPIPaddressThen,abrowserpluginneedstobeinstalledandthelaptop rebootedbeforetheNSPcanbecorrectlyreached.
CAbrowser,theNSPIPaddress,andthecredentialstoaccesstheweb-basedinterface(WebUI)
D.TheNSPpackageshouldbedownloadedfromtheNokiawebsiteandproperlylicensedforthespecific workstationtobeused
Answer:C
Explanation:
TogetconnectedtotheNokiaServicePlatform(NSP)platform,youneedabrowserandtheNSPIP addressThen,youneedthecredentialstoaccesstheweb-basedinterface(WebUI)fortheNSPplatform Onceyouhavethese,youcanaccesstheNSPplatformfromawebbrowser