Printable handout about literature reviews

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Research Modules (Tourism, Hospitality and Events)

The Literature The starting point for any research is to read what has already been covered on the topic. The books, journals, articles, websites, newspapers and magazines you are reading are known as the literature - information that has been produced covering the topic. When you start to read books and articles on a topic you will find a number of areas where authors discuss the same topics and they may have similar or different views on these topics. There will also be some topic areas that one article covers but some of the others do not cover. How we organise these summaries can help, or hinder, our research. The more you read the more confusing all this information can get. If when you write an essay or research project you just describe the content of each article or book in turn your reader will be left as confused as you might be. This also only shows that you can find information but, by doing this, you do not prove that you understand how it all fits together.

Making sense of the Literature One way of dealing with this complex collection of information is to summarise all the different ideas. A good way to do this is to use a table that summarises all the different ideas and helps you to organise them. This summary table is known as a literature matrix. It identifies the different topics relevant to your reading/research and what each author has said about these themes. Once you have this summary of the issues you can work your way down the themes, indicating the main points and which authors agree and disagree and write up these findings. This written summary of what the literature says is the literature review. This is, therefore, much more than a description of what the articles say because you are comparing and contrasting the content and helping the reader to understand the issues.

Identifying Themes (a) Deciding on themes before reading The themes you will explore will be determined by your research topic. For example, if you are researching the value of work placements for full-time students there are a number of areas that might seem to be relevant: • • •

Employers’ perspective Students’ perspective Institutional perspective

Or you may decide to narrow these down more precisely: • • • • • •

Benefits from the students’ perspective Drawbacks from the students’ perspective Benefits from the employers’ perspective Drawbacks from the employers’ perspective Benefits from the institutional perspective Drawbacks from the institutional perspective

An alternative way to decide on themes is given on the next page.

© KP UCB 2015

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Printable handout about literature reviews by Karen Pinney - Issuu