Beetham Hilton Tower

BEETHAM BEETHAM HILTON TOWER HILTON TOWER SimpsonHaugh + Partners - Manchester, UK

“Can the dominant form of Beetham Tower influence Manchester’s future cityscape, and be the driver of the government's idea of Manchester being the centre of the ‘Northern Powerhouse’?”

Written by Karan Haveliwala

Preface Beetham Hilton Tower. Designed

by Manchester born and raised architect, Ian Simpson (of SimpsonHaugh + Partners), is an icon for many Mancunians, including myself. It is a building that, for what might be all the wrong reasons, defines Manchester.

For myself, the Manchester skyline has become iconic, with the one sore-thumb of a building making its statement.

By no means do I love this building, nor do I hate it. However, it represents my city, something that

will be strangely missed once it starts to evaporate amongst the plethora of skyscrapers being built.

This report aims to define the building and what it stands for, how it has influenced not just the city around it, but the people, the mentality and everyone who visits the city which I call home. It also aims to establish the links to modern day politics and the rebalancing of the economy that is so heavily weighted towards the capital. These questions and arguments are presented in this magazine-stylised paper.

CONTENTS

2. Form, Function & Dominance 4. The Future of Manchester’s Skyline 6. Big City, Small London 8. Forced Iconicity or Genuine Reverie 10. The Future of Beetham Hilton Tower

FORM

FUNCTION

DOMINANCE

Beetham Hilton Tower.

A towering sight in Manchester. One that offers unrivalled views, and stands alone in all its skyscraper glory (for now). It has dominated Manchester's skyline since its completion in 2006. Its slender form would stand out from a crowded air space, and it remains to this day one of the slimmest skyscrapers in world architecture.

However, there is no need for Beetham Tower to stand out from the crowd, simply because there is no crowd. It dominates the skyline, because the height of this building is unprecedented with what lies within the city of Manchester.

However, this is all about to change.

Manchester is on the (high)rise and masterminding the transformation is SimpsonHaugh + Partners. The Manchester based practice are the minds behind Beetham Tower and several of the new high-rises to be added to the city, including the mammoth two-hundred metre+, Owen Street Tower 1.

Owen Street, Manchester

Beetham tower itself hosts both the four-star Hilton Hotel, as well as luxury apartments that occupy the top half of the tower. On the 23rd floor, is the appropriately named bar 'Cloud 23.' A bar that offers the socialist and cocktail enthusiast, breathtaking views of the city.

However, one must ask themselves

if the bar would still have its appeal, if it were not for the sole dominance of Beetham Tower. If another skyscraper was situated nearby and had a similar offering, which offered views at a greater height, would it render the popular bar useless?

The answer to this question could be debated. But there is a element of brilliance to the directional view that Cloud 23 offers. A view and understanding that Mancunians will likely appreciate more than others.

The location of the tower itself lies close to the south end of Deansgate, a historic street in Manchester. The orientation of the building and the placement of Cloud 23 means that from the bar, a vast view of 1km worth of the long straight Deansgate is available from a never before seen angle. Something unique, that will most likely not be interrupted by any future development.

Skyscrapers often generate an interesting public response. There are groups for and against. In the UK, most skyscrapers are used as office and business space and through just showing people the building itself without any prior knowledge of the building, then most would say that this is on office space. Of course you would have to hide the internationally recognised 'Hilton' signage, but the building oozes big business and a corporate feel. This feeling resonates when you enter the tower, its high class, and the clean modern interior will tell you that.

The misconstrued typology is understandable though, as at the time of completion, Beetham Tower was the tallest (solely) residential skyscraper in Europe. And it held on to the accolade of the UK's tallest residential building until 2014, when St George Wharf Tower in London was completed.

Beetham Tower's dominance may fool some, but its by no means perfect. No building is. When the

wind picks up you are likely to hear the tower humming and howling.

A problem that has attempted to be rectified many times, every time with no success. In its current state, Beetham is hard to ignore.

Approaching Manchester from all angles you can see it, on a windy day you can hear it. It dominates in more than one way. The residents of Manchester had very mixed reactions to the Tower. One person saying: "It is trash. I have never seen a skyscraper as rubbish as this one," Another saying: "Another fantastic development to bring Manchester into the 21st century."

To this day, residents of Manchester are still divided on this development. With the ongoing growth of the city, Beetham Tower will likely be ignored. The towers surpassing it will be the likely ones stealing the limelight from this Manchester icon.

St George Wharf Tower, London

THE FUTURE OF MANCHESTER'S SKYLINE

Dominant, but not for long...

For a long time, Beetham Tower has been in its own class. Once it surpassed the CIS Tower (which was the UK's tallest building) by a whopping 51 metres, it has been lonely up there by itself in Manchester. Soon enough, there will be structures getting closer and surpassing it. But what does that mean for Manchester's skyline?

As it is, the journey into Manchester's city centre is an interesting one. On the approach from nearly every route, Beetham stands tall above all else. It is reminiscent of a beacon, a guiding light that lets you know you're on the right path. In a way, it is that guiding light, you know if you see Beetham Tower, you're heading in the right direction (or wrong direction if you're leaving the city).

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In this way, Beetham Tower is an icon for the residents in and around Manchester. This may be because it is forced to show itself in an empty cityscape, but nonetheless, it is still an icon. However, the forced iconicity of Beetham Tower will soon be squandered with the addition of the monumental Owen Street Tower 1, amongst others.

Owen Street Tower 1, the bigger, better, more iconic Beetham Tower?

After all, SimpsonHaugh + Partners are at the helm of this project again. However, Tower 1 sits in a cluster of high-rises as part of the Owen Street complex. Its not the standalone giant that is Beetham Tower, but it is a giant. Either way, Beetham Tower will not be alone in the blank sky-space of Manchester.

The Owen Street complex will likely create an illusion of a false thickness on approach, creating a huge marker in the skyline of Manchester, but its not the only skyscraper making waves in the city.

SimpsonHaugh + Partners aren't just stopping with Owen Street, they are slowly moulding the skyline of Manchester, almost single handedly.

The architects have high-rise after high-rise scheduled for the city. The four mega structures at Owen Street are the most notable, but 1 Spinningfields, due to be completed this year (2017), will also make a significant dent in the Manchester skyline. Standing at 91m, 1 Spinningfields rounds off the revitalisation of the Spinningfields area, which lies so close to Beetham Tower. After Spinningfields, the firm also have St. John's Place in the pipeline. St John's Place will stand at 168.4m tall (falling just short of Beetham which stands 169m), and will form part of the new neighbourhood of St. John's.

It is also worth noting that the new neighbourhood will surround Rem Koolhaas & OMA's first major UK development named Factory, a new ÂŁ110m arts centre. Whilst Factory

1 Spinningfields

St. John's Place

Factory (OMA)

will not make it anywhere near the peaks of Beetham and St. John's Place, it surely will attract the rest of the world's (st)architects to add their mark in the ever growing Manchester skyline.

There is no denying Manchester's rapid growth, with more high-rises than you can count with your hands being approved, a new shape is taking place. A new superpower of a city is being born, and it doesn't look like it will slow down anytime soon. “Manchester is expected to outperform world class cities like Berlin and Paris for employment growth over the next five years." - Max Steinberg (IFB) 2015 This can be seen as a direct correlation of the skyscraper boom.

With more jobs, the city will see an increase in people moving to Manchester, and with more people moving, more places to live are

needed. And this fact tells in the way that many of Manchester's proposed skyscrapers are residential.

This growth isn't unprecedented however. The city of Shanghai springs to mind in this situation. It saw a rapid growth that began in the early 90s and continued over a period of 20+ years. Shanghai started with the iconic Oriental Pearl Tower which stands at a monumental 470m. Whilst it is nearly three times the height of Beetham Tower, there is no doubt it instigated the stunning growth of the Pudong district, and has given Shanghai the status it has today.

You can't help but feel that Beetham Hilton Tower is (and will be) to Manchester what the Oriental Pearl Tower was to Shanghai. The transformation of Manchester has already started and the stories are similar; but only time will tell what's in store for this Northern city.

Beetham Tower

Oriental Pearl Tower

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BIG CITY//

SMALL LONDON

Manchester's economy.

Only second to London's. The figures coming in at ÂŁ56bn and ÂŁ237bn respectively, London's economy almost 5 times larger than the next city. Manchester's economy is growing strong though, and this is seen through the development of the city. Expansions of the Metrolink system making the greater metropolitan area more accessible have been and gone, but further expansion is now in the pipeline.

The mark of any great city, is one with a good public transportation system. Take London, Paris, New York for example. All excellent in their local rail systems and cover a wide area allowing residents in and out of the city an alternative way for travel. This allows for the city area to expand and involve all the residents in the grand area.

This expansion for Manchester has worked not so well. The Metrolink, as bright and efficient as it is, fails in one key area; Speed. The trams can only go as fast as a car, so it begs the question, why expand? It is not helping the economy growth of the city, because the city centre is

not expanding sufficiently enough to accommodate new business, yet Manchester's economy continues to grow. Certain areas within the city are being redeveloped, but surely this can't sustain for much longer.

In 2014, Chancellor George Osborne, standing in the Museum of Science & Industry announced the country's need for a Northern Powerhouse. The fact he decided to announce this major plan in Manchester was a telling sign, that the city was (most likely) the Government's centre for this plan.

Seeing the city as an opportunity to make the North the economic powerhouse of the world as it once was. His first point of call, improving transport. Not just the transport in Manchester but the North as a whole.

"So step one in building the Northern Powerhouse is a radical transport plan so that travelling between cities feels like travelling within one big city." - George Osborne 2014 Osborne also compared an average 40 mile commute outside of London, to drawing a the radius in the north with the centre being Manchester and proceeds to label the cities that fall within that radius. For many, this initial speech,

being held in Manchester, and the references to Manchester, said all it needed to about Manchester being a main focus (without actually stating it). Why Manchester though? It could be the economy, even though the North East at the time had the fastest growing economic activity.

Or maybe it was the scale of the city. Manchester - 169m, Liverpool - 140m, Leeds - 112m, Sheffield 101m, Newcastle 80m. Manchester already has the height advantage on the rest of the Northern cities.

It has the tallest building outside of London, the largest economy outside of London, the largest stadium outside of London.

Is it a small London? The fact that Manchester has a lot that is second only to London, creates a reminiscent feeling to the capital.

Maybe this is the reason that those at parliament were keen to put Manchester at the forefront of the Northern Powerhouse. Beetham Tower allows the capital to envision a similar city to itself within Manchester because that marker is already there. Beetham Tower is the one thing that establishes Manchester as the super-power of the northern cities.

Fast-forward to September 2016, David Cameron and George

Osborne no longer at the helm of British politics. Post Brexit the former PM has resigned and duties are handed over to Theresa May. A new cabinet has been instated and been active for nearly 3 months.

Finally, May has her say on the Northern Powerhouse after weeks of silence on the matter; “I will work with leaders here in Greater Manchester to build on the ‘northern powerhouse’" Again, to the dismay of the other northern cities, Manchester is used as a prime example. It leaves the question begging to be answered...

"What about the rest?" Manchester could just be the start, to confirm that this strategy will work, and once fully established work will start to establish the other northern cities. However, Manchester hasn't, and will not, grow overnight; it is a long-term process in the making. Bradford, Hull, Leeds, Liverpool, Newcastle, Sheffield, Sunderland and York. They will no doubt get their time. But for now, Manchester has the limelight, and that recognisable landmark popping out of the Manchester skyline is (for now) Beetham Hilton Tower; the centre of the Northern Powerhouse.

FORCED ICONICITY OR GENUINE REVERIE?

Beetham Tower's intention was never to be a sole figure in Manchester's skyline. Not for the amount of time it has been anyway.

When the recession hit in 2008, Manchester's vision was shelved.

Skyscrapers that would have closed in on and surpassed Beetham's height were halted in their paths.

All of a sudden, Beetham Tower was forced to be up in the sky alone.

It could be argued that the recession was a blessing in disguise. It could have been a case of too big, too fast. The break that the recession unintentionally offered, allowed architects and developers alike to take a step back and reflect on this stunted growth. The planned Intercontinental Tower would have risen to a height of 200m, and would have featured a helipad. It wasn't relevant to Manchester. There was no soul in what was being planned.

Its arguable that skyscrapers have any soul whatsoever. But this soulless development was at a new level, unfamiliar to the populous.

So, through no fault of its own, Beetham Tower was a dominant feature in the skyline of Manchester.

Forcing its dominance of everything and everyone around it. In due time, it became an iconic piece

of Manchester, an immediate marker, making the city instantly recognisable with its towering, slender form. So is this modern day icon, something that has been forced upon the city, or is it marvelled upon for a reason beyond its dominance?

Beetham Tower's modernist form is unapologetic. Sharp corners and slenderness help it stand out from the crowd. Whilst its true that its pure height makes it unignorable, its slim form, takes away. The slenderness coupled with the transparancy and reflectiveness in materiality attempt to give the building an invisible state about it. It acknowledges its scale and tries to tone it down, but knows it will stand out anyhow.

The building captures your attention, it would be wrong to dismiss it, and on certain days, it will engage you in a reverie. It absorbs you into a strange gaze when the sky reflects and the clouds bounce of the glazed tower.

Its frameless body allow it to sit so harmoniously with the sky. Design is subjective and opinions will differ in to how this building became an icon, but there is no doubt that it is indeed, an icon.

THE FUTURE OF BEETHAM HILTON TOWER

Where will Beetham Tower lie when Manchester's new skyline takes shape? Will it become redundant in Manchester's memory? The locals may perceive the building in a new light, as it might remind them of a classic Manchester, a city that had a unique essence about it. Or potentially, it is seen as the pinpoint in the city's evolution where this charming Manchester, started to veer off its path.

In any case, Manchester is growing in to a city of height, the factory city famous for its key role in the

industrial revolution, is turning to a business city, rivalling the likes of London. Already the BBC, ITV and others are making the shift from the South to the North, locating themselves in the new MediaCity UK. The city has its pulling power back.

The rise in tourism deserves a thank you to the footballing giants of Manchester United and Manchester City. With both teams challenging on an international scale, more and more people are visiting the city, boosting the economy further.

With this explosion of skyscrapers, Beetham will no doubt be dwarfed soon enough, losing its iconic place in the Manchester skyline. But the authority it has stamped on the city cannot be ignored. Its form arguably defining Manchester's expanding future. Its 12 year stay at the top may be coming to an end and Beetham Hilton Tower may lose its iconic status. But when it's grim up north, and the wind is strong, you'll be sure to hear this once dominant skyscraper singing its tune again.

PRECEDENT + TIMELINE

Site

Beetham Tower

Surrounding Buildings

Roads + Paths

Within this mapped area, no building surpasses Beetham Tower in height which stands at 169m. The closest any building in this area comes is Manchester Central (convention centre) which stands at 27m.

Waterways

Railway + Viaduct

The form takes on a super slim form. At a ratio of 1:10 it is one of the slimmest high rises in the world.

The thick base addition allows for a more spacious public area and stability.

The tower is glazed all around to attempt to make it lighter in feel as it is much higher than anything around it. The varying panels add texture to what would otherwise be a very unintriguing facade. It also adds technological prowess through reflecting UV and preventing solar gain.

Service Car/Taxi Drop off

Private Public Public

Staff Service

Apartments

Apartments

Pubilc

Public

Hotel

Hotel

Manchester Civil Justice Centre 2007 - 80m

Manchester One 1962 - 80m

City Tower 1965 - 107m

Stud 20

dent Castle 012 - 109m

The separation of space creates a staggered effect in plan. It also reminds of the uniformity in width.

Tower

Bridge (1 storey)

Restaurant/Bar/Public (4 storeys)

CIS Tower 1962 - 118m

As we can see from the sketch section, the first 22 floors are the hotel area of the structure. the 23rd floor hosts an open bar area to the public, hotel guests, and those who reside privately in the 23 floors above.

Beetham Tower stands tall above any other structure in Manchester as we can see from the diagram below.

Beetham Tower 2006 - 169m

Legend Significant Point

Bridge to Alternate Timeline

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Skyscrapers in Manchester

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Post 1950, 50m+

1. Albert Bridge House - 64m - 1959 2. Manchester One - 80m - 1962 3. Owens Park Tower - 61m - 1964 4. City Tower - 107m - 1965 5. 111 Piccadilly - 64m - 1965 6. UOM Maths & Social Science Building - 60m - 1968 7. Lowry House - 58m - 1973 8. Arndale House - 90m - 1979 9. 82 King Street - 52m - 1995 10. Civil Justice Centre - 80m - 2007 11. ISIS Wharf Tower - 64m - 2008 12. Peninsula Building - 62.5m - 2009 13. Student Castle - 109m - 2012 14. One Angel Square - 72.5m - 2012 15. One St. Peter’s Square - 60m - 2014 16. Two Greengate - 88m - 2016 17. 1 Spinningfields - 91m - 2017

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Beetham Tower

Planning/Construction

CIS Tower (1962) - 118m

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1. Planning - July 2003 2. Approval of Build - October 2003 3. Start of Construction - December 2003 4. Officially Open - 2007

Tallest building in the UK at the time of completion. Manchester’s first real skyscraper. The start of the Northern Powerhouse?

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SimpsonHaugh + Partners

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Notable Works

1. Simpson and Haugh found Ian Simpson Architects - 1987 2. Merchants Warehouse Restoration - 1997 3. Manchester Museum - 2003 4. Manchester Central Library (with Ryder) - 2014 5. The firm rebrand to SimpsonHaugh + Partners - 2014

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Tallest Building in UK

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(At the Time) Post 1950

1. Shell Centre - London - 107m - 1961 2. CIS Tower - Manchester - 118m - 1962 3. Millbank Tower - London - 118m - 1963 4. BT Tower - London - 177m - 1964 5. NatWest Tower - London - 183m - 1980 6. One Canada Square - London - 235m - 1991 7. The Shard - London - 310m - 2012

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Deansgate

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Notable Architecture on Road

1. Manchester Cathedral (Start -Finish) - 1421 - 1882 2. Great Northern - 1898 3. Spinningfields - 2008

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Manchester’s Economy Gross Value Added

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1. £30,961million - 1998 2. £33,416million - 2000 3. £37,442million - 2002 4. £42,943million - 2004 5. £47,338million - 2006 6. £49,685million - 2008 7. £52,521million - 2010 8. £53,788million - 2012 9. £58,424million - 2014

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Sport in Manchester

Impact on Economy?

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1Manchester United start to dominate European football - 1993 2Manchester United win Treble - 1999 3Commonwealth Games are held in Manchester creating new sporting facilities and attracting sporting fans from around the world - 2002 4. City granted permission to use City of Manchester Stadium for all future home games - 2003 4. England (football) play home matches at Old Trafford during Wembley Rebuild - 2003 4. UEFA Champions League final at Old Trafford - 2003 5. American billionaire Malcom Glazer purchases Manchester United - 2005 6. Expansion of Old Trafford takes capacity from 70,000 to 78,000 - 2006 7. Manchester City purchased by Abu Dhabi United Group - 2008 7. Cristiano Ronaldo (Man Utd) wins Ballon D’or Trophy - 2008 8. Manchester City qualify for European football - 2011 9. Manchester United FC listed on New York Stock Exchange - 2012 10. Wigan Athletic qualify European football - 2013 11. Expansion on City of Manchester Stadium takes capacity from 48000 to 55000 - 2015

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Owen Street (2018) - 200.5m

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Work is underway for a cluster of four new skyscrapers by SimpsonHaugh. The new tallest building in Manchester and the UK’s tallest building outside of London, finally surpassing Beetham tower after 12 years. The Northern Powerhouse now fully showing its premise and intent

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Beetham Tower (2006) - 169m

Completed in 2006, Beetham Tower represents a time when the country’s economy was booming. There were plans for skyscrapers surpassing Beetham Tower but were scrapped when the recession hit. However, the contemporary, slender form and dominance in the Mancunian skyline is a drive for the residents.

Taking the first step in redeveloping the city of Manchester and fullfilling the arrogance of its population in that it is “the greatest city in the world.” Ian Simpson paving the way as a Mancunian Architect and showing that dominance by the sheer authority of his work in Manchester.

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No.1 Deansgate (2002) - 62m

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The start of a redevelopment of the historic Deansgate road. Simpson’s first Manchester Skyscraper. Queue Beetham Tower

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1 Spinningfields (2017) - 91m

SimpsonHaugh continues to be the Architects for Manchester with yet another highrise for the firm

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15

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Urbis (2002) - 35m

Refitted in 2015 to accomodate the new National Football Museum

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Contemporary Influences on Architecture: BE1199 Karan Haveliwala: 13005301