Narayana sri lankan wind energy industry

Sri Lankan wind energy industry – Why we should do it?

Mahinsasa Narayana

The potential of Renewable Energies

Wind Power's Beginnings

A 19th-century American knock-of of the Persian panemone that probably made a wonderful clothes dryer.

Power Sailing Ships

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• Small wind turbines

Electricity by wind energy

s e n bi r tu d in w ed r tu c fa u an m lly a c Lo

Energy: Foreign or Local?

• Large wind turbines

Plant

Energy source

Coal power

Foreign/Local

Foreign

Wind power

Foreign/Local

Local (free)

COE  Hambantota pilot wind farm

Cannulised foreign cost Eannual energy generation

Cost of Foreign Energy= US$/kWh

Required Energy

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Cost of wind energy in Sri Lanka (Large scale wind power generations) •

Cost of energy depends on the capital cost of the plant, installation cost, commissioning cost, operation cost and maintenance cost.

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Cost of wind energy is highly site-specific as wind potential depends on the location.

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In this study, three locations are selected in Hambantota, Kalpitiya and Ambewela regions and the cost of wind energy generation is calculated based on the predicted wind potential of each location.

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Capacity of 3MW wind system (NEG MICON 600kW, 5 units) was installed in Hambantota region as a pilot plant. The total project cost was around US$ 3 million. Therefore, to determine the cost of wind energy at the each selected locations in Sri Lanka, concerning the experience of the Hambantota pilot wind plant, capital cost and installation cost of one 600kW wind turbine is taken as US$600000.

Source: M Narayana; Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume XII No. 1, March 2008

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WRAM Wind resources map for Sri Lanka

Kalpitiya

Ambewela

Hambantot 7 a

Cost of wind energy in each locations in Sri Lanka Region

Location

Cost of wind energy

N

E

060 08.6’

810 09.47’

0.083US$/kWh

Hambantota (Existing 060 08.4’ CEB wind turbine site)

810 6.6’

0.15US$/kWh

Kalpitiya

080 11.0’

790 42.5’

0.0455US$/kWh

Ambewela

060 53.6’

800 46.4’

0.022US$/kWh

Hambantota

According to this study, cost of wind energy in Kalpitiya and Ambewela is more competitive than Hambantota. As well as Hambantota some other locations are better than the existing CEB wind turbine site. As this is only a comparison study, it is not considered about possibility of land acquisition. Therefore, detail micro-sitting should be done by considering land acquisition and grid & road accessibility for selecting wind sites.

Source: M Narayana; Energy for Sustainable Development, Volume XII No. 1, March 2008

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Capital costs and payback periods Turbine size

W or ld

Building-mounted micro (2.5kW) Micro (6kW)

Capital cost per turbine

sc

£10,000

en ar £20 - £28,000 io

Feed-in-Tariff generation rate (current, £/kWh)

Simple payback period

£0.27

May not payback within lifetime

£0.27

May not payback within lifetime

Small (20 - 50kW)

£50,000 - £125,000

£0.24

8 - 15 years

Medium (100kW 850kW)

£250,000 to £1.8 million

£0.09 - £0.19

7 - 9 years

Large (1MW 2.5MW)

£2 million - £3.3 million

£0.05 - £0.09

less than 1 year - 5 years

10Rs.-18Rs.

The estimated cost of energy for wind energy is 7.70 Rs./kWh and the average cost of energy in Sri Lanka is 13.40Rs./kWh. Source: "Generation Performance in Sri Lanka 2012 (First Half) " Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka and http://www.powersrilanka.com/visitors.html," 2013.

Tier 1

Wind

Tier 1

Tier 1

22.05 8.48

4.82

Wind-Local 22.60 8.69

4.94

Electricity Production Cost

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Installation cost • •

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•

The typical small system costs are $3,000 - $5,000 per kW capacity installed[1].

The rooftop turbine market is still in the early stages of development, but manufacturers estimate that once mass production starts, an average 1-1.5 kW model will cost around $ 1,500 per kW capacity installed[2].

The cost of large, megawatt scale, wind turbines is today about $1200 per kW capacity. Most commercial wind turbine are in the range of 2 MW The annual maintenance costs are between 1.5% and 3% of the turbine cost but increase with time as the turbines get older[3].

Reference: [1] http://www.seco.cpa.state.tx.us/re_wind_smallwind.htm [2] BWEA Small Wind Turbine FAQ. 2009 [cited; Available from: http://www.bwea.com/small/faq.html#cost.

[3] 2009 [cited August 18, 2009]; Available from: http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/05-06/constr_village/renowable_wind_turbine.htm 12

Power generation system ďƒ˜ Prime (firm) power generations are the large power plants and commissioning according to the generation expansion plan in the country. ďƒ˜ Embedded power generations are fed into the 400V or 33kV network.

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Absorptive capacity for embedded generation in Sri Lanka

Source: Siemens Power Technologies International Ltd, Technical Assessment of the Generation Absorption Capacity of the Sri Lanka Power System – Final Report, RERED

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•

Necessary reinforcements should be done to the network to eliminate the overload and voltage conflicts under normal and abnormal system operation

In these studies, it was assumed that the output of all CEB generation was reduced as the output of embedded generation was increased 14

• Installed Wind power is 2.5% of installed capacity in Sri Lanka • Total Installed embedded generation is 10% of installed capacity Source: Statistical Digest 2013, CEB

Cost based on Indian context Installing a 10-kW wind generator

Source: WIND LETTER THE MONTHLY NEWSLETTER OF THE AMERICAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION, Volume 25 Issue No. 1 – January, 2006

Local and Foreign contributions to small wind turbine installation 60m tower

80m tower

100m tower

Local (Foundation, Tower, installation and commissioning)

41%

42% 44%

Foreign (wind turbine and inverter)

59%

58% 56%

Grid connected small wind turbines ‌‌

Grid connected small wind turbines are becoming popular in urban areas

e m t Ne

g n i r te 18

Small Wind turbines operating principles Rotor

DC bus

PMG

AC-DC ď ž

=

Main grid or Local grid

DC-DC

DC-AC

=

=

=

ď ž

Currant

Input signals Voltage for controller

Duty cycle

Schematic of small wind power system 19

Monthly mean wind speed, energy production and grid purchases for selected sites (Sri Lanka)

According to the wind resource data for each location, the Skystream (2.4kW) wind turbine can generate 990kWh/year in Colombo suburbs and 4959 kWh/year near Hambantota.

Annual Grid Sales and Purchases in Sri-Lankan locations as percentages of annual load consumption of 1993 kWh

Main components of a wind turbine and their share of the overall turbine cost for a 5MW wind turbine

Po

in

l

le b i ss

l a oc

le b si s Po lattice towers

in

l

l a oc

t s Pa

p x e

e i r e

Palmer Putnam's 1.25megawatt wind turbine was one of the engineering marvels of the late 1930's, but the jump in scale was too great for available materials.

s e nc

The turbine failed in March 1945, when strong winds tore off one of its blades.

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Can we make large wind rotor blade in Sri Lanka?

Capacity and wind rotor size of the wind turbines

Growth in size of commercial wind turbine designs

• Generators:

• Controls

bl e

Po ss i

• 68% cost component by Local technology • 32% cost component Foreign technology

ta rg et

Cost of Wind energy

How much of foreign cost component in Solar, Hydro and Coal power generations???

Oil is still the king The USGS assessment identifies more than 3000billion barrels recoverable conventional oil are available in the world Non conventional oil from tar sands and shales will play an increasingly important role after 2020 and 30 years afterwards.

Coal will also become important in some countries.

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Do we need to move renewables?

If governments are serious about moving to renewables, they cannot rely on the market to do it for them.

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Why renewable energy?

Environmental friendly Need not foreign currency Can not control the prices of oil/coal – The price is not determined by free market.

Limitation of fossil fuel 32

Conclusions Considerable amount of wind power potential installed capacity is available in Sri Lanka.

Absorptive capacity of wind energy to the national network is limited.

At present, there is possibility to develop further around 100MW wind power generations in Sri Lanka.

Wind power generation can be further expanded, according to the future development of the network.

Cost of wind power generation is competitive with the other sources of renewable in Sri Lanka.

If government is serious about moving to renewables, they cannot rely only on the market and should also consider the socio-economic &

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