13 nipo report on chunnakam water pollution in tamil (1)

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8

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10

,J 2011y; KjyPlL ; r; rigapdhYk; mjd; #oy; tpjpKiwfspd;gbAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. TPH

kz;zpYs;s

I

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mjpf

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Kiwfs;

fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

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jfty;fspd;gb

ngsjPf>

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caphpay;

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cs;s

nra;Kiwfs;

te;Js;sJ. kz; 1) kz; mfo;Tk; Kiwahd ghpNrhjidAk; 2) kz; fOTjy;.

3) Chemical Oxidation My; kz; J}a;ikahf;Fjy;.

4) Bio venting 5) kz; Mtp Soil vapour extraction 6) Barometric pumping 7) Incineration 8) Bio remediation 9) Composting 10) Land farming 11) Dual Phase vacuum Extraction 12) Thermal desorption 13) Reactive Barriers

ePH 1. Activated Carbon filtration 2. Ground water harvesting and treatment or proper disposal.

3. In â&#x20AC;&#x201C; situ bioremediation

11

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19

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13

tiu glk; -1

Nkw;gb Ma;tpy; ,Ue;J Rz;zf;fypy; Njq;fpAs;s ,e;j epyj;jb ePuhdJ ,aw;if jilfshy; fly; cl;GFtjpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

Jaffna Peninsula

A

Fresh water

Sea

Sea

Sea water

Sea water

Jaffna Limestone Brine water Brine water

Mannar Sandstone

PrecambrianMetamorphic rocks

tiu glk; -2 aho; Flhehl;by; nghJthd

Gtpr;rhpjtpay; FWf;F ntl;L Kfj;

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14

tiu glk; -3 flw;fiuf;F

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.

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vDl;

Rz;zhg;Gf;fs;

ghiwfisf;

nfhz;lJ.

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25%

tPjkhdit

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tiu glk; 04 16

3. Rd;dhfk; ePH khriljy; fw;if 3.1 fw;if KiwapayP jftyPfs; jpul;lg;gl;l gy topKiwfs; 1. 2015 Mk; Mz;L ngg;utpup 15> 16 k; jpfjpfspy; NIPO epWtdj;ijr; NrhPe;j tpNrl gpuKfh;fs; Neulpahf me;jg;gFjpf;F nry;yy;. ,e;jpWtdj;ijr; rhh;ej tpNrl gpuKfh;FOtpy; njhopy; Njh;r;rpngw;w xU %j;j Gtpapayhsh;> kpd; cw;gj;jpapy; Njh;r;rpngw;w xU tpNrl nghwpapayhyh;> xU tpNrl itj;jpa epGdh;> xU tpNrl fzf;fpashyH; MfpNahh;fs; csPsle;fpapUe;jdh;.

2. Rj;jkhd ePh; ngWtjwfhd ghjpf;fgPgl;Nlhh; kf;fspd; rq;fj;Jldhd re;jpg;Gk; “RjPjkhd ePuP ngWtjwPfhd

ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; xdPwpakP (APUPW)”,r;

rq;fkhdJ itj;jpah;fis;Ak;> nghwpapashyh;fs;Ak;> gl;ljhhpfisAk;> NtW tpNrl epGzHfisAk; ; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 3. mur mjpfhupfSldhd re;jpg;G.

gy;fiof;fyf

4. Nothern Power (PVT) company -tlf;F

fk;gdpAldhd

kpd;DwPgjP;jp

jdpahh;

re;jpg;G. 5. NtW gy mwpf;iffSk;> nra;jp mwpf;iffSk; .

6. aho;g;ghzj;jpy; n;gl;Nuhypak;> Gtpapay;> jputtpay; njhlh;gpy; #oy; khriljy; rk;gj;jkhd mwpf;ifAk;. ,d;Dk; mJld; nfhlh;Ggl;l tplaqPfSk;.

3.2 nghJthd tpsf;fk; 3.2.1 khriljy; my;yJ fyj;jy;.

RdPdhfk; ejuhdJ R;khH; ahoP efupypUe;J 10 fp.kP. tlf;fpYk;> aho;g;ghzk;. fhq;Nfre;Jiw nry;Yk; gpujhd ghijapd; ,ilNaAk; mike;Js;sJ. RdPdhfkhdJ kpfTk; rd nehpryhd xU gFjpahfTk;>;. rz;bypgha;> ky;yhfk;> Gziy;f;fl;Lthd; Nghd;w gpuNjrq;fshy; #og;gl;Lk; fhzg;gLfpd;WJ. mq;Fs;s kf;fs; ngUk;ghYk; tptrhapfshFk;. ,g;gpur;rpidahdJ 3 epUthfg;gpupTfSf;F cw;gl;l gpuNjrj;Jld; njhlh;G gLfpd;wJ. mitahtd typfhkk; - tlf;F> njw;F> typfhkk; rpof;F vd;gdthFk;. ngw;Nwhypag; nghUl;fshy; ePh; khfgLfpz;wJ vd;w jftyhdJ mg;gFjpapYyPy kf;fshYk;> gy;NtW epStdq;fspDla mjpfhhpfshYk;> Clfq;fspy; itspaplg;gl;l nra;jpfshYk; mwpa KlpePjJ. mt;thW ngwg;gl;l jfty;fshdJ vjph;ghHf;fg;gl;lJ NghyNt xU xOf;q;fpd;ikahd nra;jpfshfNt fhzg;gl;ld. fPNo mr;nra;jpfs; midj;Jk; xU xOq;fhd tbtpy; tbtikf; fg;gl;L njhFf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; tbtikf;fg;gl;l ,j;jftyhdJ ajhh;j;jj;jpypUe;J khWgl;litahfTk; ,Ug;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd;.

17

rpy Clfq;fspDila mwpf;ifapd;gb aho;g;ghdj;jpd; khtl;l nrayfg;gpupthdJ ngw;Nwhypa vz;izapdhy; ePu; khriltijg;gw;wp 1987 Mk; Mz;by; Kjypy; fz;Lgpbj;jjhfTk; gpwF mJ kpfTk; Ntfkhf mg;gFjpapy; gut Muk;gpj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1980 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J aho;Flhehl;by; ePupd; juj;ijg;gw;wpahd gy Ma;TfSk;> cj;jpNahfg+u;t re;jpg;Gf;fSk; eilngw;Ws;sd. cjhuzkhf aho;g;ghzj;jpy; ePupd; juj;ijg;gw;wpAk; mjd; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg;gw;wpAk; 2012 k; Mz;L eilngw;w xU cj;jpNahfg+h;t re;jpg;gpidg;ge;wpa mwpf;if xd;W ,z;atisj;jsj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;bUg;gijj; $wKbAk;. ,r;re;jpg;gpd; NghJ gy mur epWtdq;fSk;> cs;Suhl;rp Kfhikj;Jt mikg;Gf;fSk; fye;Jnfhz;Ls;s NghjpYk; ahUNk ngw;NwhypagP nghUl;fspdhy; ePu; khriltijg;gw;wp Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. vdpDk; mr;rejpg; Gf;fspSk; mwpf;iffspYk; xOq;fPdkhf fopTg;nghUl;fs; ntspaplg;gLtijg;gw;wpAk;> ePupd; jukhdJ iel;Nul; (fpUkpehrpdpfspd; ghtidahYk;> tPl;Lf;fopTg; nghUl;fyhYk;)> iel;iul;> fy;rpak;> kf;dPrpak;> igfhu;gNdl;> fl;kpak; NghdPw gjh;j;jq;fshy; khriltJ gw;wpAk; ,d;Dk; ePUw;WfspDs; fly;ePh; fsg;gjhy; ePupd; cg;Gj;jd;ikapd; nrwpT mjpfhpg;gJ ge;wpAk; Kf;fpa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ. mf;fhyfl;lj;jpy;

,Ue;j

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ghJfhg;Gf;

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3.2.2

khrilePjpUfPfpdPw Kf;fpa ,lq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;. ePu; khriltjw;F Kyfhuzkhf cs;s xU epyg;gugPghdJ> njw;F ntspfhkk; gpuNjr rigg;gpuptpw;F cw;gl;l epyg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. ,e;epyg;gug;ghdJ 1950 Mz;bypUe;J ,ye;if kpd;rhu rigapdhYk; mijj;njhlh;e;J ,d;Dk; %d;W jdpahH;epWtdq;fspdhYk; kpd; cw;gj;jpf;fhfa; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l mNjNtiy vupnghUs; fsQ;rpakhfTk; ,d;Dk; ngUk;ghYk; fopT vz;nzafs; mg;Gwg;gLjjgPgL;k; ,lkhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1. 1958 Mk; Mz;by;Ue;J> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigapdhy; Bry; ,y; ,aq;ff;fba kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyak; xd;W ,aq;fpte;jJ. 1970 Mz;L yf;rghd ePh;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lk; mKOf;F tUk;tiuapy; ,j;jpl;lkhdJ aho;Flhehl;bd; kpfg;gpujhdkhd kpd; epiyakhf ,af;fpte;jJ. vdpDk; ,uTNeu kpd; Njitdag; gH+j;jpnra;AKfkhf Bry; kpd; cw;gj;jpepiyakhdJ 2012 Mz;L ,yhgfukw;wjhff; fUjgPgLk;tiu ,af;fj;jpy; ,Ue;Jte;jJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp Njrpa kpd; toq;fs; KiwahdJ 1990 Mk; Mz;by; epWtg;gl;L mjp etPd 18

flpd

vupnghUs;

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19

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xOq;fpy;yhj njhlh;ghly;fs;> njsptpy;yhj jd;ik> Fw;wr;rhl;Lfs; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;ff; $ba mjpfhhpfspDila njsptpy;yhj jd;ik> rpW rpW murpay; ,yhgq;fSf;fhfr; re;jh;g;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gy tplaq;fSk; ehq;fs; re;jpj;j rk;ge;jg;gl;l kf;fsplj;jpYk; mjpfhhpfsplj;jpYk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. ,g;gpur;rpid gw;wpa nra;jpfSk;> juTfSk; ntt;NtW kf;fsplk; fhzg;gl;lJk; ve;jnthU jdp mikg;gplKk; vy;yh tpguq;fSk; xNu ,lj;jpy; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy.

26

mNjNeuj;jpy; ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigaPf;Fg; nghWg;ghd mikr;rh; 16e; jpfjp khh;r; khjk; 2015 ,y; xU Clhf re;jpg;gpd; NghJ Fwpg;gpl;ljhtJ> ,g;gpur;rpidf;F ve;jnthU jPh;Tk; vLf;fg;glhj gl;rj;jpy; RdPdhfj;jpw;F cg;Gj; jd;ikaw;w (Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l) fly; ePh; vt;tsT nrythdhYk; mikj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;gLk; vd;gjhf ,Nj tplak; ghuhSkd;wj;jpYk; 2015 Vg;uy; khjk; $wg;gl;lJ. 4.6 nghUshjhu jhf;fk;; ,g;gpur;rpidapd; NghJ Vw;gl;bUf;ff; $ba nghUshjhuj; jhf;fj;ijg; gw;wp ve;jnthU cj;jpNahfG+h;t juTfSk; ,Jtiu vLf;fg;gltpy;iy.

Nkw;$wg;gl;lthW kf;fs; epjpapy; ,aq;ff;$ba gy;NtW epWtdq;fSk;> ntt;NtW jpirfspy; ,aq;fp tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,jd;NghJ ve;jnthU nghJthd jpl;lNkh> xOq;F KiwNah> topfhl;ly;fNsh fhzf;$bajhf ,y;iy. cj;jpNahfG+h;t Ntiy Neuq;fs;> fhhpahya thfdq;fs;> fhhpahya cj;jpNahfj;jh;fs; ,d;Dk; gy mur %yjdq;fis> ghtpf;f Ntz;b tUtjhy; ,J ehl;Lkf;fSf;F xU Nkyjpf RikahFk;. tlf;fpd; ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigahdJ Rz;zhfj;jpypUe;J ePh; ngWtij ePh; khrile;jjpd; fhuzkhf iftpl Ntz;b te;Js;sJ. ,r;rigAk;> gpuNjr rigAk; Nkyjpf nrytpdq;fisAk;> Nkyjpf kdpj tsj;ijAk; ,d;Dk; Nkyjpf tsq;fisAk; ePh; tpepNahfj;jpw;fhf nrytpl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,it midj;Jk; filrpapy; kf;fs; nrytpNyNa Kbtilfpd;wJ.

5. fye;JiuahlYk; jPHkhdq;fSkP. ,g;gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;thdJ Kfq;nfhs;tJ vd;gjpy; mike;Js;sJ. njhopy;El;g rthy;

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rthy;fis;

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27

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;lJ Nghy; khrile;j Njf;fq;fis Rj;jpfhpg;gijg;gw;wp kpfTk; rpwe;j KiwfSk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. fPo; $wg;gl;l Ntz;baitfshFk;. i)

tplaq;fshtd

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#oiy khRgLj;jf;$ba my;yJ Js;spakhd ,lj;ij tpQ;Qhd hPjpahf

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(ePh;> epyk;> fhw;W) NkYk; #oy; khriltijj; jLj;jy;.

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fPo;f; $wg;gl;l ePz;lfhy jPh;Tfspy; rpwe;j Kiwia ,dq;fhzy;.

-

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Ep&w;Wf;fis kwe;J> J}ug; gpuNjrq;fspypUe;J epue;jukhf ePh; toq;fy; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jy; my;yJ fly; ePiu Rj;jpfhpg;gjd; %yk; ePh; toq;fy;.

Njitahd msT gzk; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; #oikT rk;ge;jg;gl;l rthyhdJ ,yFthdjhf mike;JtpLk;. (RKfkhd xU #oy; mike;JtpLk;) ,jd;NghJ njhopy;El;gk; njhlh;ghd tplaq;fs; midj;Jk;> jputtpay;> Gtpapay;> Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwapy; Njh;r;rp ngw;w xU ntspehl;Lf; fk;gdpaplNkh my;yJ mtw;Wld; Nrh;e;J njhopw;glf;$ba jdpahh my;yJ mur epWtdq;fsplNkh nghWg;Gf;fis xg;gilf;fyhk;.

28

my;yJ fPo;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l Kiwfs; cs;Shpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;fisAk;> tsq;fisAk;> gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

(1) epyj;jpDs; 30 kPl;lh; Moj;jpw;F ePiu khRg;gLj;Jtjhf fUjgPgLfpdPw ,lj;jpy; ,uz;L Jisfisapl;L kz;> fw;fis ghpNrhjidf;fhf vLj;jy;.

(2) ePh; khRw;Wr; nrd;wpUf;ff;$ba jpiria mtjhdpj;J mj;jpirapy; 100kP> 200kP> 300kP> 500kP> 800kP> 1200kP kPw;wh; J}uk; mbg;gilapy; ePiu khrila nra;tjhff; fUjf;$ba ikag;G sPspapypUe;J milahskpl;L mtw;wpy; Jisfisapl;L epy ePiu vLj;J mjpYs;s vz;nzapd; jd;ikia msj;js;.

(3) khRgl;bUf;ff;$ba ,lj;ij tiuglq;fspy; tiue;J> ePh; toq;fy; tbfhyikg;Gr; rigapdhy; ntspaplg;gl;bUf;ff;$ba khRWjypd; mstpid Fwpf;ff;$ba juTfisAk; Fwpg;gl;L ikag;Gs;spf;Fk; Rw;Wtl;lhuj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapYs;s ePh; khjphpfspd; khRWjypd; ,ilntspia mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.

(4) ePh; nry;Yk; jpiria cj;Njrpj;jy;.

(5) ePh; khrile;jpUf;Fk; tiuglj;ijAk;> ePh; nry;Yk; jpiriaAk; Muha;e;J ePiu cwpQ;Rk; fpzWfs; mikf;Fk; ,lq;fis; cj;Njrpj;jy;.

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(7) ePiu cwpQ;rp vLf;Fk; jUzj;jpy;> ePh;kl;lj;ij mk;kl;lq;fspYs;s ePhpd; cg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk; msg;gjw;fhf NtW xU rpy fpzWfs; mtjhdpg;gjw;fhfj; njhpT nra;ag;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ePiu ,iwf;Fk; NghJ cg;Gj;jd;ikahd ePuhdJ vt;tsT Ntfkhfg; guTfpd;wJ vd;gij mwpaf;$ba Kf;fpakhd juTfSk; fpilf;fg;ngWk;.

(8) ,t;thW ePiu ,iwg;gjd; %yk; ePhpd; vz;nza; jd;ikahy; Vw;gl;l khRWjyhdJ Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW khRj;jd;ikahdJ xU Fwpg;gplj;jf;f msT FiwAk; tiu ,e;ePiu ,iwf;Fk; Kiw fhy ,ilntspfspy; kPl;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

29

(9) ,d;Dk; xt;nthU tptrhag; nghUl;fspYKs;s msTk; msf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

cNyhfg;

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#oiy khRgLj;jpajw;F nghWg;ghd $l;lj;ijf; fz;lwptjpy; cs;s

Mh;tk; ii) njsptw;w Nfhhpf;iffisAila rpf;fyhd murpay; Kiwik> jpwd; Fiwe;j njhopy;El;g cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jy; ,d;Dk; Fiwthf nrytpLjy;. iii)

mur Kfhikj;Jt Kiwapy; cs;s rpf;fy;fs;

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gw;wpa njhopw;ghlhdJ 2010-2011 fhyg;gFjp tiuf;Fk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; kpd; cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpa njhopy;El;gq;fs; fopTfs; ntspNaw;Wk; Kfhikj;Jtk; vd;gd kpfTk; Fiwe;j epiyapNyNa fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. Vy;yh tifahd ngw;Nwhypaf; fopTfSk; mur> jdpahh; epWtdq;fspdhy; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjdhy; #oy; khriltJ mjpfhpj;jpUf;fyhk;. ,e;epWtdq;fspy; Fwpg;ghf ve;j epWtdk; #oy; khRWtjw;F nghWg;Gjhhpfs; vd;W $WtJ Mjhu G+h;tkhf cWjp nratJ; fbdkhd xU tplakhFk;. vdpDk; mjp jpwd;kpf;f njhopy;El;ggj;jpd; cjtpahYk;> ghJfhg;Gg; gilaplKk;> nghyp]pYk;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l jdpahh;> mur epWtdq;fsplKk; ngwg;gLk; jfty;fshYk; ahh; Fw;wthspfs; vd;gijf; fz;lwpa KbAk;. vkJ fUj;jhtJ> ,k;khriljypy; nghWg;Gf;$wf;$ba Fw;wthspfs; ahh; vd;gij fz;lwpa vt;tsT J}uk; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj; jPh;khdpf;f Ntz;baJ khfhz muRk;> kj;jpa muRkhFk;. ,t;thW nraw;gLtjhy; gpur;rpidf;fhd jPh;T gpw;Nghlg;glhky; ,Ug;gJ ey;yJ. 5.3 aho;g;ghzj;jpd; nghJthd ePH Kfhikj;Jtk.; aho; Flhehl;bd; tul;rpAk;> ePh;juj;jpd; jd;ikAk;

kpfTk; ftdj;jpy;

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,jd;NghJ ePhpd; cg;Gj;jd;ik mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. ijngha;l; Nghd;w (Typhoid) rpy fpUkpfs;

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mth;fshy; 1993 Mz;L

155 gf;fq;fisf; nfhz;l Gj;jfk; ntspapl;gl;lJ. ePh;g;ghrd mikr;rpd; xa;Tngw;w gpujp jiy epUthfpahd ,thpd; ,g;gilg;G xU ngWkjpahd Vlhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. mwpT Nkijfshd Iah v];.MWKfk; $l aho;g;ghz ePh; tsq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ rk;ge;jkhd gy rpwe;j Ma;Tfisr; nra;jNjhL gy fl;bl NtiyfisAk; Kd;itj;jhh;. ,it midj;ijAk; xd;wpizj;Jf; $l;lhf Muha;tJ mj;jpahtrpakhfpd;wJ. ePh;j;juj;jpy; (rpyNtiy mjd; mstpy;) kpfTk; Ntfkhd khw;wq;fs; eilngw;W tUtJ njhopy; kakhf;fy;> rdj;njhifg;ngUf;fk;> th;j;jfj; Jiwapd; tsh;rr ; p ,d;Dk; fhyepiy khw;wk; vd;gtw;wpdhyhFk;. vdpDk;> mt;tg;NghJ Vw;glf;$ba khw;wq;fis mtjhdpg;gJk; mtw;Wf;Fj; jFe;jthW eltbf;iffs; vLg;gJk; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. tptrha ,urhadg; nghUl;fs;> njhopw;rhiyf; 32

fopTfs;> foptiwf; Fopfs;> cg;GePhpd; CLUts; Nghd;w ePiu khRg;gLj;jf;$ba fhuzpfis rpwe;j Kiwapy; tpsf;fkhf Muha;tJk;> ePh;g; ghtid Kiwiag; gw;wp Muha;tJk; ,tw;wpd; tpsf;fq;fisg; ngw ,d;wpaikahj xd;whFk;. kpfTk; cWjpahd tpjpKiwfs.rlPlqfs; Mjhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; vy;yhf; Nfhzq;fspYk; mKy;gLj;jg;gly; Ntz;Lk;.

Rfhjhuj;Jiw> tptrhaj;Jiw> #oy; Nghd;w NtW Jiwrhh; epWtdq;fSld; ePhpd; juj;ij mtjhdpf;Fk; NghJk; ePh; Kfhikj;Jtj;ijg;gw;wp vLf;Fk; KbTfisAk; gfph;e;J nfhs;tJ kpfTk; mtrpakhd xU tplakhFk;. cjhuzkhf tptrhaj;jpd; NghJ el;lg;gl Ntz;ba rhpahd jhtuj;ij njhpT nra;ahtpbd; tpiyr;riy mjpfhpf;f $Ljyhd fpUkp ehrpdpfs;> nraw;if cuq;fis.; ghtpf;f NehpLk;. Rfhjhu mjpfhhpfSf;F Kd;$l;bNa ePhpd; juj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLkplj;J FWfpa ,d;Dk; ePz;l fhyq;fspy; tuf;$ba Neha;fisg;gw;wp mtjhdkhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

5.4 ,yq;ifapy; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; #oy; gw;wpa nghJthd mZFKiw. epy ePuhdJ ngUkstpy; khRWtJ ,yq;ifapy; ,J Kjw;jlitay;y. cjhuzkhf Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) vd;Dk;

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rpWePufg; gpur;rpid Rz;zhfk;> uJg];ty)

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34

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35

vy;yh kf;fs; gpujpepjpfSk;> nghWg;ghd mjpfhhpfSk; Kiwahd ifj;njhopypdhy; Vw;glf;$ba Rfhjhu R+oy; ghjpg;Gf;fisg;gw;wp mwpT+l;lg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. nghJkf;fs; gpujpejpfs; rpyhpd; fUj;jhtJ J}ug; gpuNjrq;fspyPUe;J Foha;fs; %yk; FbePiu mg;gpuNjrj;jpw;F toq;Fk; Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf epy ePHj;Njfq;fs; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhFk;. ,g;gpur;rpid

gw;wp

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Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd mtw;wpy; ghlrhiy; khztHfspd; Nghuhl;lk;> cz;zhtpujk;> ePjpkd;wj;jpy; KiwapLjy; Nghd;wit Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,jdbg;gilapy; ky;yhfk; ePjpkd;wj;jpy; xU tof;Fk; jhf;fy; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g;gpur;rpid njhlHghfg; nghJthf mtjhdpf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; gbj;jtHfs; kj;jpapy; ,J njhlHghd mjhtJ vt;thW ePH khRw;wJ mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghdtHfs;> vjpHfhyj;jpy; ,dp elf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs; vd;d vdgJ gw;wpa xU njspthd mwpT ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ ftiyf;fplkhf cs;sJ. vd;whYk; ,g;gpur;rpid gw;wp fle;j murhq;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfSf;F vl;litj;Jk; mjw;Fg; nghWg;ghd mjpfhhpfis ,J njhlHgpy; Ntiy nra;a itjj;Jk; xU nghpa tplakhfNt fUjNtz;b ,Uf;fpwJ. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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