EXPORT DOCUMENTS
They are common export-related documents, certificates of origin, other certificates for shipments of specific goods, export licenses, temporary shipment documents.
Common export documents include bill of lading, commercial invoice, export packing list.
The bill of lading.
It is a shipping document issued by the carrier to the shipper for the receipt of the goods. It is a contract between the owner of the goods and the carrier to deliver the goods, which gives details of a shipment, its destination and the consignee.
- The inland bill of lading is issued by the trucking company and/or railway line to carry the goods from the exporter's premises to the port of shipment or consolidation facility.
- The ocean bill of lading (BLO) is a document required for the transport of goods abroad. The document specifies the details of the goods to be transported, such as quantity, type and destination.
- The bill of lading on board is issued for goods that have been loaded onto the ship.
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- The direct bill of lading is issued when the goods are to be transported by more than one carrier.
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- The container bill of lading is issued for the carriage of goods in containers.)
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- The groupage bill of lading is issued for grouped shipments.
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- Air waybill (AWB) is issued when goods are shipped by air. AWBs are non-negotiable, mainly due to the short period of time that goods are in transit.
Bills
An invoice is a document that contains specific information about the goods shipped.
- Commercial invoice is the seller's formal request for payment. It is prepared by the seller/exporter and addressed to the buyer/importer. The invoice identifies the buyer and seller, describes the goods sold and all terms of sale including Incoterms, payment terms, relevant bank information, shipping details, etc.
The proforma invoice is an invoice sent to the buyer prior to actual shipment. It gives the buyer the opportunity to review the terms of sale (quantity of goods, value, specifications) and obtain an import license if required.
- The customs invoice is a special type of invoice for the customs authorities of the importing country. It contains additional information, such as the domestic value and export price of the goods.
- The consular invoice is evidence that the goods, which are imported, are not too expensive.
The export packing list
Document detailing the cargo, such as seller, buyer, shipper, invoice number, shipping date, mode of transport, carrier, description, package type (a box, box, drum or cardboard), number of packages, total net and gross weight (in kilogram), package brands, etc. The details on the packing list exactly match what is specified on the commercial invoice and bill of lading. But pricing information is not required in the Packing List.
1) The Certificate of Origin (CO): is a document that declares in which country the products were manufactured. It is required by some countries for all or only certain products.
2) ATA CARNET: (temporary shipping certificate). Carnets ("Goods Passports") are international customs documents that simplify customs procedures for the temporary importation of various types of goods. ATA CARNET: is an international customs document that allowstheexportationandtemporaryimport duty-free and duty-free of goods for up to one year.
3) The certificate of analysis is an authenticated document issued by a competent authority that certifies the quality and purity of the pharmaceutical, animal and plant products being exported. It is required for seeds, grains, health foods, dietary supplements, fruits and vegetables, and pharmaceuticals.
4) The Certificate of Free Sale is a document required in certain countries or for certain products (biological products, food, medicines, medical devices and veterinary medicine). It certifies that the specified imported goods are sold normally and freely in the open markets of the exporting country and are authorized for export.
5) Dangerous Goods Certificate. Exports submitted for handling by air carriers and classified as dangerous goods must be accompanied by the Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods required by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
6) Sanitary Certification Required for the shipment of live animals and animal products (processed food, poultry, meat, fish, seafood, dairy products and eggs and egg products).
7) The certificate of insurance is used to assure the consignee that the insurance will cover loss or damage to cargo during transit.
8) The export license is agovernment document thatauthorizesthe export of specific goods in specific quantities to a particular destination. It is issued by the relevant licensing agency after careful examination of the facts surrounding the export transaction in question. It is for the exporter to determine whether the product requires a licence.
International Transport Documents.
They are documents necessary to carry out any international trade transaction, whether carried out by air, sea, rail or land; They are created in order to comply with the requirements demanded by the customs authorities. Usually, these documents are issued by transport companies.
The international transport documents to be presented will depend on the vehicle or means of transport that is used for the mobilization of the goods.
BILL OF LADING (B/L).
It is the document for the international transport of goods by sea. It is created by the shipping agent in charge of the transport and transfer of the goods.
It is intended for: the exporter, the importer and the shipping company itself.
The Bill of lading notes the conditions of carriage previously agreed between the parties and serves as confirmation that the goods were received and loaded correctly.
3 original documents can be issued.
There are several types of B / L, the most used are:
B/L Received for Shipment: indicates that the merchandise has been received by transport on the indicated date, but has not been shipped.
Nominative B/L: issued in the name of a specific person or company, which may collect the goods, with their identification and presentation of at least one original of the B/L.
B/L to order: the owner of the goods is the one who possesses the original documentation and can transfer the ownership to another by endorsement making it nominative or simply endorsing the document as "bearer".
B/L bearer: that is, the owner of the goods will be the one who has the original documentation.
B/L Express Reléase: issued by the freight forwarder, allows the liberalization of the merchandise at destination with simple photocopies.
AIR BILL OF LADING AIR WAY BILL (AWB).
In the air transport of goods, the Air Waybill reflects the contract of carriage between the customer and the service provider, and in turn, serves as proof of receipt and acceptance of the different goods.
The document is created by the air freight agent (IATA agent), or airline. It is addressed to the exporter, the airline, the customs office of import and the importer. 3 original documents and several copies are issued, and it is non-negotiable, it is always Nominative and NOT endorsable.
The Air Waybill contains the following information:
• Parties involved in the transport (shipper, consignee and carrier)
• Route to complete
• Vehicle characteristics (aircraft type and flight number)
• Freight (amount of transport)
• Goods transported (type, weight...)
It is important to note that the Air Bill of Lading is a non-negotiable document and is regulated by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).
ROAD WAYBILL (CMR).
The CMR Waybill is the document that determines the responsibilities and obligations of each of the parties involved.
In this case, the exporter of the goods (consignor) will be responsible for providing the information of the commercial operation and the driver of the vehicle will be responsible for
completing the corresponding form to comply with the customs requirements in relation to the transport documents to be presented.
Likewise, the exporter must sign the document before loading the goods into the vehicle, while the recipient must carry out the same action in order to confirm receipt of the goods and justify payment to the transport company.
The document is drawn up by the road transport agent or the sender. It is intended for the seller, the carrier and the buyer. 3 documents are created (sender, recipient and carrier).
RAILWAY WAYBILL (CIM).
In the case of freight transport by train, the Railway Waybill (CIM) accredits the transport contract in which the parties that are part of the process are identified. It describes the goods transported and determines the responsibilities.
The document is drawn up by the railway company or the transport agent of the collection station.
It is addressed to the seller, the buyer and the import customs.
In total, five identical copies must be issued and distributed as follows:
1. CIM Original: delivered to the recipient upon receipt of the goods.
2. Roadmap: railway company.
3. Duplicate Roadmap: railway company.
4. Duplicate of the Railway Waybill: When the first railway accepts the loading of the goods, this duplicate must be delivered to the sender.
5. Expedition matrix: railway company.
This document is always Nominative, since it does not constitute a title of ownership of the merchandise can not be negotiable.
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