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ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO KONSTANTINOS ALEXOPOULOS MArch Architectural Design Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL Diploma in Architecture Engineering University of Patras, Department of Architecture kaleksopoulos@gmail.com
Contents 06
H.O.R.T.U.S. Astana
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Anthropocene Island
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A Turbulent Urbanity: Biodigital Loire
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BioTecHUT Core Installation, Astana Future Energy EXPO2017 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
bioTallinn, Tallinn Architecture Biennale 2017 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
FRAC Centre, Biennale d’Architecture d’Orléans #1 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
Prosthetic Hybridscapes
Honorable Mention Award, Competition for Patras Old Port Principal Designer
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Luminous Windskin
Kinetic Installation Proposal Second Nature, Paphos 2017 EU Capital of Culture
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Digital Hydrologies
MArch Architectural Design RC01: Increased Resolution Fabric of Architecture Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL
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Decontamination and Production Mechanism
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Teleworking on a Pier
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Track Museum
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Dwelling Above the Common Ground
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Construction Drawings
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Diploma Design Thesis Post Industrial Zone of Drapetsona 8 International Landscape Biennal, Barcelona
Advanced Architecture and Urban Design Studio Residential and Public Space
Olympic Museum of Athens International Student Architectural Competition, ArchMedium
Architectural Design Proposal Single House and Workspace
Detail Drawings Single House
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H.O.R.T.U.S. Astana Core Installation of Bio.TechHUT Astana Future Energy EXPO2017 May 2017 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
Plan from Beneath, Installation Divided in 4 Clusters
The etymology of the word garden comes from the German Garten, whose original meaning is enclosed or bounded space, in Latin hortus conclusus. In the current age of the Anthoropocene the biospheric notion of garden acquires a new technological dimension as the global reach of human infrastructures coalesces into an Urbanshpere; the emergent relationship between the natural Biosphere and the artificial Urbansphere is largely unknown and unexplored but its articulation is crucial to our future. H.O.R.T.U.S. engages this relationship by reloading the notion of biospheric garden as Hydro Organisms Responsive To Urban Stimuli. Cyanobacteria are then introduced, as in a new kind of bio-digital primordial soup, their metabolic machines deployed to convert latent radiation into actual processes of photosynthesis, oxygenation and energy. Their articulation in space is digitally mediated to arrange the photosynthetic organisms along iso-surfaces of optimal incoming radiation; vectors sample the fields at discrete locations establishing a cloud of extensive structural points. As matter, information and energy exchanges among systems the boundaries of the natural and the artificial blur, as in our enmeshed Biopshere and Urbanshpere. An in-human apparatus emerges, exploring hybrid mechanisms of self-regulation and 6
novel forms of self-organisation. HORTUS_Astana is an art work produced specifically for the biotech hut exhibition on the 4th floor of the main pavilion of Astana EXPO 2017. The artwork is hanging from the ceiling of the 4th floor and has the form of a cloud, with different degrees of convolutedness depending on the physical light. HORTUS is divided in 4 clusters which operate as an integral unit. Each part is made of a core structure of laser cut aluminium sections, acrylic holders and PVC pipes creating the surface of the cloud. It also integrates wide spectrum lights and a glass container for the microalgae and a little pump for fluid circulation. Visitors are to move freely around and below the installation, integrate themselves within it and viewing the internal landscapes and algae flows, and feed CO2 to the cyanobacteria thus liberating the oxygen produced during the loop. The immersive effect gives an experiential account of the bio-mass energy of the future.
Top Right: Installation Overall View Bottom Right: Interior Installation Scape Photography: NAARO
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2D Flowlines
Flowlines Sorted at Z by Length
Metaballized Points of Curves Subdivision: Outer and Inner Shell
High Resolution Morphology, 100 Contours
Intensity Field of Number of Aluminium Layers: A Grid of Points is Applied to Detect Optimized Areas for Threaded Bar Positioning
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Installation Fabrication Pieces, 24 Contours
Points of Exhibition Space, Energy Flows, Astana
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MetaBall Threshold Evolution
MetaBalls in Selected Flow of EnergyScape
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Steel Wire Clip
Steel Wire Clip (?) Steel Wire Clip (?)
Steel Wire 2mm
Wire Clip Steel Wire // 2mmSteel (?) Steel Wire // (?) 2mm (?)
Steel Wire // 2mm (?)
Eye Interior Diameter EyeM4 M4 //// Interior diameter Eye M4 // ofInterior hole: 6mm diameter of hole: 6mm of Hole: 6mm
Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm
Turnbuckle M4
Turnbuckle M4 Steel Wire Clip Turnbuckle M4 (?)
Turnbuckle Steel WireM4 // 2mm (?)
Threaded Rod M4
Wire Rod Clip M4 (?) Threaded Rod M4 Steel Threaded
Threaded Rod Steel Wire // M4 2mm (?) M4 6mm Steel Wire Clip (?) Nut M4 // 6mmNut Nut M4 ////6mm Aluminium Steel Sheet // Sheet 2mm Aluminium 2mm Sheet // 2mm Wire Clip (?) //Aluminium Steel Wire Clip (?) Washer M4 // 0.8mm // 0.8mm Wager Washer M4 //M40.8mm Nylon Spacer M4Spacer // 30mm Nylon Spacer M4 // Nylon 30mm M4 // 30mm Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm NutSteel M4 // 6mm Wire // 2mm (?)
HORTUS Section, BioTechHUT Artroom
Hanging System Detail
Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Steel Wire // 2mm (?) Steel M4 Wire////0.8mm 2mm (?) Washer Nylon Spacer M4 // 30mm
Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm
Turnbuckle M4
Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm Eye M4 // Interior diameter of hole: 6mm Threaded Rod Turnbuckle M4 M4
Nut M4 // 6mm Turnbuckle M4 Threaded Rod M4 Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Turnbuckle M4 Turnbuckle M40.8mm Washer M4 // Nylon Spacer M4 // 30mm
Threaded Nut M4 // Rod 6mmM4 Threaded Rod M4 Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Threaded M4 Washer M4Rod // 0.8mm Nylon Spacer M4 // 30mm
Nut M4 // 6mm Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Nut M4 // 6mm Nut M4 // Washer M46mm // 0.8mm Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Washer M4 // 0.8mm Aluminium Sheet // 2mm Washer M4 // M4 0.8mm Nylon Spacer // 30mm Nylon Spacer M4 // 30mm Nylon Spacer M4 // 30mm
Topview of HORTUS, BioTechHUT, Art Room Purple Crosses Indicate Hanging Points of Intallation Clusters Green: Algae Feeding and Visitor Interaction System 10
Photo p.17 Top: NAARO
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Anthropocene Island bioTallinn TAB - 2017 Tallinn Architecture Bienal September 2017 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
The Paljassaare Peninsula is shaped by two forms of conflicting ideology, environmentalism that strives to maintain the site as it is in a state of illusionary wilderness, and commercial development that envision its transformation into a ideal green city. Despite appearances both ideals are deeply conservative. The proposal challenges such conservative sentiments with a large scale masterplan intended to promote a new urban morphogenesis whereby Tallinn’s urban wastewater infrastructure deeply affects the biotic substratum of the peninsula. The resulting “contamination” becomes a morphogenetic force, inducing an artificial hyper-articulation of the landscape and its 12
living systems which will evolve into a digestive apparatus or membrane. The urban biome of Tallinn and the marine biome of the Baltic recombine into a bio-informational Anthropocene Island.
P.18 7.5x7.5km, 10m/res. Urban symbiosis. Network connecting each building of the city of Tallinn with a new district in the peninsula of Paljassaare, depending on filtration and decontamination capacity. P.19 3x3km, 1m/res. Ground. Indexical Habitats. Masterplan of Programmatic Articulation of the Peninsula. Colour coding: Purple - wastewater treatment, Pink treated water habitats, Green - existing wildlife habitats, White - plateaus
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ESA Wetness Contoured Datascape
Wetness Datascape Contours
Wetness Datascape Pointcloud
Pointcloud Network
Wetness Tendency Lines
Voronoi Tesselation
Minimun Paths by Length: Household to District
Dryiest Points Network
Inhabitation-Metaballs of Wet Areas
Pointcloud Datascape
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3x3km @1m/res. Infrastructural 15 Districts of Paljassarre
The phase 1 protocol for Paljassaare Peninusla proposes the morphologicalhyper-articulation of the existing landscape and its living systems; the purpose is to thicken infrastructural networks into filtering surfaces, which in turn will form convoluted epidermis populated by a large amount of biochemical reactors. Constantly monitored via Satellite, this synthetic urban landscape feedbacks to the city’s real-time wastewater network. Each molecular transaction has its spatial location, morphological effect, informational address and economical value. The process starts with ESA (European Space Agency) supplying Level1 data from the Satellite Sentinel2 and 3 at resolution of 10x10 metre for an area of 3x3km framing the peninsula. Each pixel is representing a degree of biochemical activity defined as “wetness” and computed with the Normalised Difference Water Index algorithm. and reveals its dynamic changes throughout the time. 16
The resulting gradient filed is indexed at specific locations along its ISO lines at a resolution of 2m. In each location tendency lines are computed; longest lines appear in areas of highest difference in wetness or biological activity. Such locations possess maximum potential for thickening and articulating into biochemical reactors. The 2000 wettest and more biologically active locations are networked to form a new, distributed, infrastructure or protofilter. This provides the backbone of the new Paljassaare.
P.22 Top: Digital Model of Anthropocene Island, Contoured Resolutions of Urban Symbiosis. Form Districts. Bottom: Physical Model, Detail of Grounds Curves P.23: Anthropocene Island, Physical Model, Resolutions of Urban Symbiosis 2x2m, 4000 Contours of 2mm Card. Top Photo: NAARO. Middle and Bottom: Tonu Tunnel
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Anthropocene Island. Air Clusters, Winter. Ocean View. P.25 Anthropocene Island. 1x1km @0.5m/res. Air. Clusters of Inhabitable Bioreactor Cells.
Left to Right: Morphology, Infrared, Summer 1x1km Peninsula Proposed wastewater network and Clusters of Inhabitable Cells
Left to Right: Substratum, Cells within formed structure. Clusters of Inhabitable Cells
Peninsula Proposed wastewater, Ground Articulated by Self Organizing Excavating Robotic Habitats 18
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Air Clusters: Population Generated by Proximity from Ground. Inhabitation Units are Indicated as Purple Volumes
Air Clusters: Volume Diagram. Top Right: 3D Printed Dual Material Model
Anthropocene Island. Air Clusters, Summer. Perspective Top View. P.27: Air Clusters, Winter. Artificial Inhabitable ecosystems Within air Clusters, Vegetation Indicated in Interior Void 20
Phase2 - Air:As these prototypical bundles for wastewater purification and sludge bio-digestion emerge they are equipped with active bio-technological units constantly cultivating their artificial substratum; the system is monitored in real-time sending information about the status of its internal metabolism and receiving updates from the wastewater treatment network. Its operations are constantly altered and adjusted by distributed sensing /feeding machines (cyber-worms). The articulation of the existing landscape determines directions of flow and purification as well as emergent active bio-digesters. As the process of digestion generates nutrients and heat a new microclimate and related habitat emerges and differentiates. Growing plants, insects and birds are attracted and become active agents of urban transformation. Where natural gas production, heat generation and nutrients metabolising will reach tipping point new enclosures will be erected, microlimatic urban islands to be inhabited on a permanent basis. These new urban super-blocks will be symbiotic
of their counterpart in central Tallinn. They will be fed by the old city’s waste and in turn feedback natural gas and fertile soil. The Paljassaare peninsula will keep evolving into an anti-centre of the old Tallinn, a densely inhabited inhuman garden populated by an assemblage of humans, animals, machines and other hybrid systems.
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A Turbulent Urbanity: Biodigital Loire FRAC Centre Biennale d’Architecture d’Orléans #1 Research Partner: Urban Morphogenesis Lab, Bartlett UCL October 2017 Project Designer, ecoLogicStudio
Loire River Masterplan. Turbulence Datascape Generating Flows
The project raises the question of how we can mobilize the Loire’s turbulent nature to trigger a novel form of distributed spatial memory; one that is embedded in its material substratum and that is projective about Orleans’ Metropolitan future rather than nostalgic about its past. UNESCO recommends that the Loire must be preserved as a ‘wild river’; we propose to turn such turbulent wilderness into a new model of urbanity, one that exists beyond the ideological struggle of natural conservation vs urban development. But how can we reconcile the need for movement and nonlinear self-organization, typical of a turbulent dynamical system such as the river Loire, with contemporary urbanity, built as it is on the ideology of balance and stability? The medium of choice is a computational grid, projected over a specific portion of the river Loire, facing the historical center of Orleans; the grid operates as a sieve, defining the 22
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1. Flowlines Starting Grid. Number Indicates Length, 2. Flowlines 3. Indexical River Management, 4. Curvature
resolution of the grain of information to be extrapolated. This space-time indexing is rendered a visible information in a set of ‘operational field’; as these drawings are shared publicly they operate as the substratum of a distributed spatial memory, a new collective urban protocol for the management of the river Loire. The ‘operational fields’ themselves are purely computational entities but the emergent collective intelligence they mobilize is material and can sediment as a physical landscape. This landscape is bred by introducing bio-techniques which affect the sedimentation patterns of the river Loire by altering at the molecular level the aggregation of transported rock and soil particles within the river bed. The project deploys techniques of mineral deposition and crystallization, microbial aggregation and bacterial weaving. Indexing becomes an act of collective urban speculation as the emerging river park also embodies the evolving distributed spatial memory of future Orleans, a projective mechanism of future city making.
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G=[/S] S=[^F+FS]|[+F-FS]
Garden of Sedimentation
GoS, Substrutum var. 3, Accretion var .2 Substratum 1 Basic Rule: GF^G G=[S]FF/FF[S] S=[^F-F”FFS]|[+F-F”FFS] Generations 3 Step lenght: 1.5m Lenght scale: 0.8 Scale angle: 90°
G=[/S] S=[^F+FFS]|[+F-FS]
G G=[/FN] N=^[“!-F^F\NF]|+[“!F^F\NF]
Garden of Chystallization
GoC, Substrutum var.4 Substratum 2 Basic Rule: G G=[/FM]/[FM] M=[“!/F^FM]/&[“!/F^FM] Generations 4 Step lenght: 0.8m Lenght scale: 1 Scale angle: 90°
G G=[/FN] N=^[“!-F^F\ NF]|+[“!-F^F\NF]
GoE, Substrutum var.3 Substrutum 3 Basic Rule: G G=[^FFN] N=^[!¬F^F^NF]|+[“!-F^F^NF] Generations 4 Step lenght: 0.4m Lenght scale: 1 Scale angle: 45°
Garden of Entanglement
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G=[S] S=[^FF+FF”FFS]|+FF -FF”FFS]
G=[S] S=[^F-F”FFSFF]|[+F-F”FFSFF]
Sedimentation
Crystallization
Entanglement
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Three types indexical river management are proposed, as simultaneous strategies of urban and environmental issues as well as new accessible spaces and types of urban gardens. The garden of sedimentation is formed in the silted areas of Loire, creating a dual materiality garden, starting from large structural elements to smaller ones, capturing and hosting sediment and various river ecologies. The crystallization garden is formed in the most nutrient and green areas of the river, where currently crystal ice is observed during cold days. A substratum of different scale elements creates the conditions and hosting environment with finer elements for crystal geometries. The third garden//management protocol is the garden of entanglement. Different resolutions/scales elements of diverse degrees are forming a substratum which acts as an obstacle, a porous structure which collects/capture various large contaminants of the river as wastes and tree branches. 26
Top: Les Jardins Fluvieux de Loire, Masterplan Photo: Bart Lootsma Bottom: Garden of Accretion: Connection with Pont George V, OrlĂŠans, Dual Material 3D Prints
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Prosthetic Hybridscapes Honorable Mention in Architectural Competition for the Restoration of Patras Old Port With Nikos Spyrou, Anna Douka, Grigorios Koutropoulos, Ioanna Koulouri Principal Designer, May 2016
Prosthetic Networks: Vegetation, Electricity and Floating Ground
Solid and Transparent Tilling and Claddings
Preserved Structures
The project is elaborating on new ways of prosthetic fabrics in the Mediterranean Coast, towards a new ecology of urban inhabitation for the 21st century. A new flexible landscape is proposed through coastal infrastructural interventions on the port as well as in the waterscape itself, responding to flows of citizens, vessels, vehicles. Sustainable technologies, energy capture from physical forces and the city’s need for green space are also added to the existing port landscape, which is considered as an urban monument that is preserved and relieved from residual obsolete infrastructures which are currently located there. The old port of Patras, a historic Mediterranean city which has been for centuries a node for passengers and merchant ships, is currently neither a vivid accessible public space nor an active port, waiting to become actually inhabited by citizens and visitors through an intervention which could redefine the area’s spatial character. 28
The proposal is consisted by two infrastructural prosthetic structures: (a) A coastal infrastructure which is composed by a hybrid construction, receiving semi-transparent units, pots of greenery, solid surfaces, electrical supply, collects rainwater, creating at the same time spaces beneath and on top of it, for diverse activities and events. (b) A flexible network of floating components in the harbor basins, which composes a transformable archipelago depending on seasonal needs or temporary events. The different populations of floating units emerge a growing new ground, forming different spatial qualities and experiences within a hybrid landscape.
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Electric and Water Network
Walking Surface
Floating Shell
Floating Unit Prototype
At Saint Nicolas pier, the inclination of the coastal infrastructure leads from the ground to a climax at its edge with a panoramic view of the whole area. On the pier, the Museum of City’s History is located, scattered in different exhibition spaces, creating a free outdoor circulation. At the northern basin, the port activity becomes more intense, serving cruise and passenger ships. For the proper accessibility of the terminal, the coastal construction is converted to a transparent building. The intervention is using self-sufficient mechanisms for energy and watering needs. Small floating units of Pelamis technology are put outside the breakwater, capturing wave’s kinetic energy. The proposed landscape also includes different types of vegetation for Mediterranean areas, adjusting the microclimate as well as the structure which works as a shade. 30
Pelamis Type Wave Energy Capturers
Unit Types
Infrastructure Nodes
Assembly Example Pattern
Var. 1: Larger Scale, Minimun Floating Ground
Var. 2: Medium Floating Units Population
Var. 3: High Population, Coastal Microscale 31
Solid Surface and Rainwater Collection
Perforated Tiling / Vegetation Pots
Electricity and Watering Infrastructure
Main Supportive Infrastructure Supporting Core-Potential Building/Rainwater Storage
Pier Museum
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Passenger Terminal
Pier Museum
Diffuse Gardens
History Museum Halophytes at Watersports
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On Pier Pots
Creeper Plants
Plants Over Construction
Floating Vegetation
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Luminous Windskin Installation Proposal International Open Call for Architects / Artists: “Second Nature” European Capital of Culture Paphos 2017 In Collaboration with Grigorios Koutropoulos, September 2016
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Main Front View
Section 3
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Topview
The specific installation aims to create a different interpretation of the relationship between human and nature. Since we are living in the anthropocene era, the proposal is consisted merely by artificial objects which simultaneously interact with two natural elements; wind and sun, which both are the most dominant ones in Cyprus. The 12x12cm panels form the “skin” of this shell, creating a kinetic installation which is controlled by the wind, and as a result, its pixelated skin visualizes the forces of air, creating at the same time a dynamic non planar surface. The metallic surface reflect the installations environment, adapting and merging the structure within the space. The shell is also an unnatural dune//sunshade for a visitor, aiming to be perceived as an artificial changing landscape. During a windy sunny day with wind, the real time simulation is also visualized on the shade itself, creating a small rest point. Concerning the element of sun, 38
Rear Vier
the panels are painted on the outer side of the shell with phosphorescent paint which absorbs daylight; as a result at night, the panel consisted skin is illuminated self sufficiently. More specifically, they contain luminophores particles and can glow for up to ten hours. During a windy night, a low tech media non planar facade is visible. The installation aims also to show the prospect of potential decentralized urban infrastructures, that could have simoultaneous hybrid roles, serving as wind energy capturer and as a lighting source.
1-5 Construction Process: 1. 9,26 + 10,31 m bar forks of 5cm diameter, 845 aluminum panels 1mm thickness, 300m Metal wire 3mm, Phosphorescent Paint 2. Bending of Hollow frames, assembly 3. Installation of vertical wires on frame, panels painted 4. Installation of horizontal wires 5. Panels placed
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Air Dynamics Simulation. Vector Visualizations Indicate Emerging Pattenrs
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10 sec
Prototype Part 1-1 Scale. Luminous Paint on Aluminum Panels at Night. Wind Conditions 3 Bf
0 BF
3-4 BF
2 BF Skin Transformation in Different Wind Conditions
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Digital Hydrologies Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL MArch Graduate Architectural Design Research Cluster 01: Increased Resolution Fabric of Architecture Tutors: Alisa Andrašek, Dağhan Çam In Collaboration with Liaoliao Xi, Jingya Huang and Tao Song (3rd phase), 2013-2014
Phase 1:
Assembly of fixed structure clusters out of site
Phase 2:
Anchoring of Fixed Structure in Site
Phase 3:
River Stream as a Constructing Force
Phase 4:
Units Locking on Fixed Part
Phase 5:
Tides and Floods shift sectional density
The specific research explores the creation of a new ecological space and a strategy for its formation, dealing with the issue of rising sea levels. Rising Sea levels is one the most significant environmental issue of the past decades, due to the global warming phenomenon. Floods are increased year by year, especially to adjacent to oceans or rivers areas. The natural process of erosion increases these issues as well. There are different methods that are applied nowadays concerning coastal management, some contribute to the problem as extended concrete coastlines. An elaboration on a potential synthetic ecology that could be developed by a new architectural system in these environments was made. A system that can create new land and inhabitation space with an adapting and self-organizing way, using natural energy and not with an holistic one as built concrete coastlines. Today, there are some efforts of coastal management with self-organizing methods even in engineering. In Netherlands a method called “Sand Motor” is applied in coastal areas by which sand is deposited near the desired areas and natural forces as flows and wind contribute to the reallocation of the new land. For a case study environment, in order to deal with precise data and properties, a river environment was selected; 42
an additional important advantage is that river streams are more predictable with more control to use their energy for a construction with less human energy. One main intention during the design research process was the exploration of self-organizing systems in computational terms as well, though agent based systems. The energy of the water was used to arrange the hierarchy of the algorithmic system. A range of energy, which is translated in each fluid particle vector, was used to define the resolution of the generated ecological strata, as a virtual experimental emergence of new territorial land. The highest energy areas were creating growing strata by the accumulation of fluid’s particles, according to Diffusion Limited Aggregation rules. The emerging land either could be a coastal extension or a new archipelago. The intricacy and porosity in different scales of the created fabric by aggregates can easily act as traps for sediment, so that the aggregates acquire an additional layer of materiality, a higher resolution strata of accumulation which gradually stabilizes the structure and creates a new land for inhabitation. Inside the water, phytoplankton is growing and fishes and other organisms can dwell; on the surface the high resolution creates a new synthetic accessible area for humans.
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Fixed Structure and Deposited Units: Frame 200, 500, 1200
Aggregates’ Capturer // Fixed Structure Units within unpredictable water streams cannot perform an adequate self organization of a new aggregated coast generation. Another agent was introduced, a fixed structure, which is a skeleton structure that collects and traps the passing units and the main “new coast’s flesh” is formed by them. The structure is assembled in different parts and then these clusters can be put by a robot precisely in the water. In order that the aggregation on the fixed structure is made in the whole depth of the river, the units should have different densities because of buoyancy forces. Different sizes 44
are also desired for different densities according to the parameters. Protection requires a lot of density, remineralization requires more porosity. Tidal forces also make more dynamic the aggregation on the fixed structure while they complete the flesh on the structure. Aggegate granules with various densities can form self organizing bodies in fluid ecologies. Their porous and intricant resolution do not block rivers and their various densities can create different fluid behaviors. Moreover, sediment can get easily trapped in the microscale of these fabrics, creating ideal conditions for a synthetic ecology through time phasing.
Short X, Pop 40, Stab ***, Por ***, Art x++, x/xt
Long X, Pop 40, St ****, Por ****, Art -
Tall X, Pop 30, Stab **, Por***, Art - x / x
Small X, Pop 30, Stab **, Por ***, Art x / x
4 legged, Pop 30, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
Pentapod, Pop 20, Stab **, Por *, Art //
Cross, Pop 30, Stab ****, Por ****, Art +on//+
4 legged, Pop 30, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
X Rough, Pop 30, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
Urchin Pop 30, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
X Hooked, Pop 30, Stab ***, Por - ****, Art on
Z Branch, Pop 30, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
Short X, Pop 93, Stab ***, Por ***, Art x ++, x/x
Long X, Pop 85, Stab ****, Por ****, Art -
Tall X, Pop 80, Stab **, Por ***, Art x/x
Small X, Pop 132, Stab **, Por ***, Art x//x
Dolos, Pop 131, Stab ****, Por *, Art //
Pentapod, Pop 40, Stab **, Por *, Art //
Cross, Pop 86, Stab ****, Por ****, Art on //
4 legged, Pop 80, Stab ***, Por ****, Art on
Aggregate Granules Aggregation (rocks, tetrapods etc) is the preferred method of coastal management constructions. In this case, different granules models in various population numbers were tested, in physical and digital simulations. Rigid body simulations were developed with physical properties and similar results with the physical ones, making the process faster. In these simulations properties such as stability, porosity, intricacy and articulation potentials were elaborated. Aggregation offers self organization while it behaves at the same time as a fluid body. Taking into account the unpredictability of streams, properties with lock-
ing-sticking characteristics for the units were necessary, so that they could generate a more coherent population.
Left: Catologues of Physical and Digital Rigid Body Simulatios of Different Granules Right: Granules Fluid Behavior in Physical Conditions
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Frame 50
Frame 70
Frame 100
Diffusion Limited Aggregation
The research of Fluid Dynamics along with the purpose of creation a new protective land on coasts with natural forces was accompanied by algorithic research on this field. Properties of intricacy and porosity were desired as they give a protective materiality and form microenvironments for synthetic inhabitation, unlike water blocking methods. DLA provides itself such resolution in nature. In addition, this algorithm works with the aggregation of particles moving with Brownian Motion, which is the behavior of liquid particles. DLA formations interact and affect liquid streams in different ways according to their densities, scale and shapes. Hybrid behaviors of fluid dynamics with diffusion limited aggregation or flocking behavior generate many different design results. 46
Emit Position: Grid Initial Position: Vector (0,0,0) Particles Behavior: Brownian Motion/ Flocking Behaviour
Intricant Resolutions
Perlin noise of fluid dynamics and the forthcoming vectors of streams were hybridized with DLA growth for branching manipulation. Different trials were made for form finding with both simulated and modelling technics. Diffusion limited aggregation was also developed for higher resolution spatial formations.
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Frame 100
Frame 100
Frame 100
Frame 100
Frame 200
Frame 200
Frame 200
Frame 200
Frame 500
Frame 500
Frame 500
Frame 500
Fluid Behavior
Direction Grid
Vector Size
Velocity Colour Map Frame 400
Frame 500
Frame 600
New Generated ProtectiveCoastline
Generation Through Data: Propetries and Form Since the territorial scale provides a more conceptual indication of new land generation, a larger scale of coast is selected for architectural application in 2D and 3D afterwards. The plan is generated from the higher velocity coastline areas; these are the most possible areas to receive floods in the future; hence the growing structure aims for their protection and reinforcement of banks. The growth is proceeding to the higher velocity areas and their density is again affected in similar way. The emerged body was also tested in interaction with streams. Higher resolution digital fabric was also explored as a design intention. Hydrologies work according to the laws of fluid dynamics. Properties as velocity, saltiness in mixing liquids, temperature were used as well as fluid interactions. Hence, important information for desired parameters was collected for the behavior of streams and on ways we can redesign them and protect coasts. The shift of parameters was also giving space for more extreme or unreal behaviors to use fluid dynamics as a form finding tool either in two or three dimensions. 48
Extreme Conditions Fluid Behavior Frame 100
Frame 50
Frame 100
Frame 200
Frame 400
Frame 450
Frame 500
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High Risk Flood Areas
Saltiness
Temperature
Velocity
River Flow Records, 2012
www.ceh.ac.uk/data/nrfa
River Dartmouth, UK 50°20’33”N 3°33’51”W
River Levels, July 2014
apps.environment-agency.gov.uk/river-and-sea-levels/
Territorial Mapping The use of real data was important to cope with more accurate simulations. Sea rising levels is affecting coastlines of different environments, in oceans, archipelagos or rivers. For the desired method of creating a new fabric which could be organized with natural forces, an environment of river was selected. Moreover, different boyancy forces were desired so a river delta was selected as a case study environment which has various saltiness levels. A research for higher flood risk rivers and for faster streams was made and river Dartmouth of UK was selected along with its data.
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Tidal Data, July 2014
tidetimes.org.uk/dartmouth-tide-times#axzz36ndpmaXA
Frame 200
Frame 300
Frame 500
Frame 500
Case Study Coastline
Lower Slopes
Territorial Generation For Protecting Coastlines 51
Different trials were made according to various parameters for a structure generation. Growth is guided by the highest velocity values, both in size and direction. It is notable that more extreme conditions were providing more interesting spacial possibilities. The emerging density of DLA was varying by those numbers providing more density and stability in higher risk areas. Topological tangents were used for the application of the new land. Digital Materiality possibilities were given by higher resolution results. Frame 100
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Frame 200
Frame 300
Frame 500
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Section: Emerged Ecological Space
Self Organizing Netwotks
Increased Generation of Fixed Structure
Fixed Structure A structural rationalization was followed, keeping however the growing particles principles of diffusion limited aggragation. Neighboring principles of amount and distance were applyied, providing a more artificial structural principle in different resolutions, either for granules capturing or for inhabitation space.
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Inhabitation Land Generation
3 neighbours; 0 min; 2 max
DLA Particle Growth, 50129 points
5 neighbours; 0 min; 3 max
4 neighbours; 1.2 min; 1.5 max
mesh density 120
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mesh density 80
mesh density 60
mesh density 40
Phase 1: Input of Underwater Fixed Structure
Phase 2: Deposition of Granules for New Land Creation
Phase 3: Proliferation of Fixed Structure
Phase 4: Cladding of Structure for Inhabitation Space 57
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Decontamination and Production Mechanism Intervention at Drapetsona Port and Industrial zone Diploma Design Thesis University of Patras, Department of Architecture Supervisor: Prof. Panos Dragonas Presented February 2013 Participated in 8 International Landscape Biennal, Barcelona, September 2014
The remaining industrial “monuments” of the site
The former industrial area of Drapetsona - Keratsini is one of the largest “terrain vagues” in Attica. A few industrial monuments have survived in the area that is awaiting for a new use since the late 1990’s, when the fertilizer industry which was located there was shut down. The project aims at the decontamination of the ground and the reactivation of the area. The actual economic and environmental needs of the broader city are taken into consideration through the research of new means of production for the 21st century city. The intervention is connected with the adjacent industrial zones such as the “Water Supply and Sewerage Company” and the “Public Power Corporation” of Keratsini. The project consists of three parts: (a) The Ground interventions, which gradually absorb the soil’s industrial chemical residues of the former producing units. These are the phytoremediation, a protective cap on the coastal zone and reed bed plants in clean areas for water filtration. At the time the plants are saturated by chemichals new ones replace them. The different chemical toxicity reveals the areas that are gradually cleaned and released through time. 60
Citizens in the former industrial beach
(b) A new anaerobic digestion plant of residual products. These are saturated phytoremediation plants, community’s organic wastes and sludge from the Water Supply Network. Though the process of anaerobic digestion, biogas is produced. Biogas could be transferred to the Electrical Company as well as to the ships at the Port of Piraeus. (c) A new infrastructure, in the form of an elevated grid, which connects the interventions mentioned above. This is a system of transportation for the phytoremediation plants and the other products in the anaerobic digestion plant. At the same time, this is a public space which permits the citizens and visitors to explore the landscape, observe the cleaning procedures, and visit the industrial monuments. The same infrastructure provides entrance to the site and is also extended to the adjacent productive units of Drapetsona to extent the intervention and cooperate withn the productive units. By the time that the contaminated areas are cleaned, the grid infrastructure may be removed so that the ground is ready to accept a new use.
Proposed Self-Sufficiency 1. Waste Management. 2. Anaerobic Digestion. 3. Phytoremediation. 4. Water Filtration 5. Fuel for Pireaus’ port ships
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1. New buildings of Supportive uses: administration, laboratories etc. 2. New Infrastructural Grid of New Network, accessible space. 3. Ground Interventions for decontamination of soil and water filtration. 4. Existing and Preserved Buildings. 5. Anaerobic Digestion Plant
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Ground Interventions
The former productive uses are mapped on the ex-industrial site. These were acids production, ammonia production, fertilizers, pesticides, glassbrazery, petroleum storage. Base on this information, contaminated areas are mapped, as well as the
2020 A.D.
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different chemicals of each area. Each productive use and its chemicals define the ground’s toxicity which indicates the required time for decontamination.
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Decontaminations of areas in time, depending on toxicity of different chemicals.
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Expansion of infrastructure and decontamination, release of ground for a new use after cleaning time.
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Anaerobic Digestion Plant
The proposed anaerobic digestion plant accepts community’s organic wastes, a small amount of sludge and phytoremediation saturated plants. Through this process, biogas is produced. A solid residue is also produced, which can be used as fertilizer and a liquid one which is filtrated and rejected. The biogas can be transferred to the adjacent electrical company of Keratsini and another amount can potentially be used as fuel for Port’s ships. Because of functional reasons and in order that a N.I.M.B.Y. (Not In My Back Yard) phenomenon is avoided, disturbing facilities are located underground, making the transfer of organic wastes easier by the use of the peripheral underground highway.
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Ingrastructure Grid
The infrastructural grid is consisted by a network of electricity, sludge transportation, water, biogas and contaminated plants.
Wagon’s Routes
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Network of Infrastructure
Light Areas Beneath Grid
Buildings on Grid
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Teleworking on a Pier Advanced Architectural and Urban Design Studio Supervisor: Prof. Panos Dragonas University of Patras, Department of Architecture Winter 2010
Nature on Pier, Teleworkers’ Advertisments on Media Façades
During the past twenty years, rapid technological shifts along with digital work and internet use has changed human’s daily activities. Different inhabitation scenarios-realities emerge. The specific project elaborates on a scenario of a fictional residential profile. The new dwellers exclusively telework, choosing to spend more time in their own apartments. The different conditions as the dipoles of work-inhabit, physical-digital, natural-artificial and public-private are taken into account. The empty space of the pier is filled with nature, transformed into a park, with additional uses that support the need for recreation as well as residents’ daily needs. The park could be used from both the new residents and the Patra’s citizens, who since they are living in a Greek city, they have not sufficient green spaces. That could secure the appropriate population mixture of the new public space. During the night, the facades which are facing the park are used as media ones, filled with “advertisments” of the teleworkers. 72
The huge amount of money and working power that will be needed for the subtraction of the pier’s enormous concrete foundation, in order to plant there is solved by the use of big “pots” that form the park. The organization of these “pots” continues somehow the existing urban grid, while the vegetation is put into stripes through which one could experience the different green qualities by walking from the city to the edge of the pier. The blocks are put at the edges of the pier, in order that the houses have the best view. They are formed in section attaching “L” shaped apartment units one next to another. Between two mirrored “L” appartments a public corridor is created. The part of the unit that faces the corridor is the working space and is enclosed by a big Augmented Reality glass window in order to demonstrate parts of the resident’s work, like big computer screens. These window acts both as a publication and a way of communication and social interaction.
1. Media Faรงade / Teleworking Advertisment, 2. Solar Faรงade Filter, 3. Housing Blocks, 4. Stripes of Nature, 5. Supportive Facilities, 6. Pots for Vegetation, 7. Existing Port Authorities / Modernism Monument
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Potential Gathering Areas
Uncovered Areas/ Circulation on Pier
Circulation on Park
Housing Blocks
Stripes of Nature
Supporting Facilities
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Aumented Reality Agora: The Middle Floor constitutes Teleworking Level Of the dwellers. Augmented Reality Surfaces are the Mediums of Communication between client/visitor and working person/ dweller; they also can change privacy conditions by shifting their transparency.
Small up
Medium up
Large up
Medium low
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Teleworking Level
Small low
Housing Complexes constitute of three levels; two of them are dwelling spaces and the middle one is the working space. Each unit is an L-Sectioned two storey, and includes working space level within it. Thus, there is a division from the digital, which is work and the analogue which is dwell. Moreover, since we are dealing with a seaside residential building at a Mediterannean city, a lot of emphasis is given on the private outdoor spaces of each unit. The flexible glass openings of each unit can create an outdoor home during the summer. 76
Housing Blocks: Types of Units, Division of Dwelling and Working Level
Lower Level Dwellings Typical Plans
Teleworking Agora Typical Plans
Upper Level Dwellings Typical Plans
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//Scanscape //Dwellers - Teleworkers of the Pier Live Between //Physical //Augmented and //Virtual //Reality.
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The Track Museum Olympic Museum of Athens International Student Architectural Competition, ArchMedium In collaboration with Andreas Nikolovgenis, Fall 2010
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i. Kallimarmaron Stadium, ii.Ardytos Hill, iii. Proposed Olympic Museum, iv. Olympic Zeus Temple, v. Acropolis Museum, vi. Parthenon
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The brief was asking for the design of an Olympic Games’ Museum in the historical center of Athens, between the 1896 Olympic Games’ stadium, known as Kallimarmaron, and the temple of the Olympic Zeus. The site that today hosts an athletics’ club has a tremendous view to the Parthenon. The design concept elaborates on the idea of athletics’ track, as a symbolic element of the olympics along with an organizational and spatial interpretation. The existing club’s track is used as a public plaza/ entrance of the museum. The main idea of track that consists of adjacent linear paths is also delivered in the museum volume. The track and its lines are converted into walls. The high walls along with the natural light that enters from the glass roof create dramatic in-between spaces. The ground floor of the building climbs slightly to an atrium. This first ramp is also an interactive exhibition path. From the atrium one could view the exhibition 80
spaces that perforate the walls in higher levels and also reach them via the staircases which are located between the walls. The experience of circulation, either walking or “climbing” in the in-between spaces of the museum, makes the visitor acting as an athlete running in the couloir of the athletics’ track metaphorically. In the edge of the museum’s roof, these walls are subtracted by two terraces, one above the other, that host the museum restaurant/café and a view platform to the Parthenon respectively. An important part of the museum’s basement is an empty void in order to allow the important excavation of a Byzantine Basilic, known as Ilissos Basilic, to be accessible from both the archaeologists and the public. Finally, two mesh walls are located in the side of the plot where a car road passes. This element, that works as a fence, defines also the riverbed of the ancient river Ilissos that is “emerged”.
1. Acropolis Panorama, 2. Exhibition Levels, 3. Media Couloir Surface, 4. Track Walls, 5. Entrance Perforated Walls, 6. Administration, 7. Walk Beyond Byzantine Archaeology, 8. Track Plaza, 9. Theater, 10. Excavation of Basilic of Ilissos Located in Site (Plans and Position Data given from Hellenic Ministry of Culture), 11. Emergence of Ilissos River
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Main Entrance Facade
Soil
Excavation
Interactive Ramp
Tall Trees
Topography
Plaza Flooring
Light Track Trail
Ilissos River
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Museum’s Section
Second Level
Third Level
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Dwelling Above the Common Ground Architectural Design Studio Tutor: Petros Babasikas, Lecturer University of Patras, Department of Architecture February 2011
Working Space and Dwelling Space
Division on Site
Continuum of Existing Garden as House’s Common Space
Deconstruction of Private Spaces, Transformation of Common Garden for Inhabitation, Auxiliary Uses in Supporting Walls
The house is designed in order to host a couple without children and their working place that is a kindergarten. The design concept ellaborates on the bipole of house’s private spaces and commons ones. The height difference across the site is aso taken into account. The working space and the house are separated and located on the two opposite sides of the sites respectively. The kindergarten is located in the entrance of the plot. The ground becomes a common place for both dwellers and visitors. This “common ground” includes the kindergarten’s yard, the garden, that acts as a buffer zone between the house and the kindergarten, and the common spaces of the house, 86
Division of House from bottom to up: Common Space, Private Spaces, RoofGarden
such as the living room. On the other hand, the private spaces are placed in an upper level, scattered in different volumes; the “private boxes” which are hung by the roof, are viewable as solids from the living room but their totally closed cladding doesn’t allow the visitor to see inside. The natural light enters from the glass roof of these boxes. The same glass roof allows for both the man and the woman to look in the other while sleeping, bathing, dressing… The roof could be a private garden used by the couple, including a small pool, a sand-pit for sunbathing and a small area for home made vegetation. The two walls that support the roof include auxiliary uses of the house and storage spaces.
1. Private Spaces: Bedroom, Shower, Wardrobe, Office, Car Park, Pool, Sand Box, 2. Private Garden Level, 3. Supportive Walls with Auxiliary Uses: Kitchen, Bathrooms, Storage Space, Shelves,BBQ, 4. Small Kindergarten, 5. Common Garden, used by the dwellers as well as by the children; the living room with an interior garden of woodchips is part of it
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Common Ground Level
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