D4.1_ENSAM_SymposiumPlanningHistoricalCities by ka-au

ISSN 2564-9035

KA-AU KNOWLEDGE ALLIANCE FOR ADVANCED URBANISM VOLUME 1 PLANNING HISTORICAL CITIES/ METROPOLES DU SUD 2016

La huitième édition du Symposium du domaine d’études "Métropoles du Sud", de l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier, participe à nouveau à la définition du concept même des métropoles du sud. Le Symposium interrogeait le sens même de la ville, de ses modalités d’inscription dans les territoires bâtis et paysagers existants et de son devenir à travers les interventions de Mads Birgens Kristensen, chef de projet de l'agence danoise COBE, Anne Démians, architecte fondatrice de l'agence Architectures Anne Démians et de l'architecte Mosè Ricci, associé de l'agence Riccispaini. A partir de 2016, le Symposium Métropoles du Sud fait partie du programme de recherche Erasmus + mis en place par l'Union Européenne. Le projet KAAU-SENcity réunit trois établissements d’enseignement supérieur, l’ENSAM au travers de son domaine d’études Métropoles du Sud et du LIFAM, l’IAAC de Barcelone, l’UNIGE en particulier le Département DSA de Gènes. Sont associés six entreprises, inATLAS, Mcrit, Technilum, Darts, Santa and Cole, Useful Simple Project, travaillant sur la gestion des données informatiques, la réalisation d’applications d’aide à la gestion de la ville, la création d’outils d’analyse et d’optimisation des données géo-localisées, et enfin sur le mobilier urbain connecté. Deux structures culturelles, le Festival des Architectures Vives et les éditions Actar, sur quatre pays (France, Italie, Espagne et Angleterre), pendant trois années, font partie des retenus par l’Europe dans le cadre de ce programme. KAAU-SENcity explore les potentialités de la ville qui utilise les nouvelles technologies au service de ses citoyens, mettant le projet et la participation au cœur de son fonctionnement.

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Métropoles du Sud

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DELIVERABLE 4.1 SYMPOSIUM REPORT

The symposium is part of the project:

PLANNING HISTORICAL CITIES/ METROPOLES DU SUD 2016 Métropoles du Sud

EDITORS: Elodie Nourrigat Jacques Brion

Agence COBE, Anne DE MIANS, Mosè RICCI

CO-EDITORS: Marion Moustey Johan Laure Marine Pierson Guillaume Girod GRAPHIC DESIGN: ACTAR PUBLISHED BY: École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture Montpellier 179 rue de l’Espérou 34093 Montpellier Cedex 5 FR http://www.montpellier.archi.fr/

The symposium was organized by:

with the support of:

1 - FOREWORD - KA-AU 2 - ABOUT THE ORGANISERS - ENSAM / ka-au 3 - ENSAM SYMPOSIUM - METROPOLES DU SUD 4 - MAIN FINDINGS & RESULTS 5 - CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 6 - CREDITS

1 FOREWORD // KNOWLEDGE ALLIANCE FOR ADVANCED URBANISM

KA-AU PROJECT The increasing availability of data creates new opportunities not only for monitoring and management, but also for changing the way we describe, understand and design cities, challenging many fundamental assumptions of city design and planning professions. In order to promote the innovative education and training that emerging technologies require higher educational institutions together with industrial partners have created the Knowledge Alliance for Advanced Urbanism (KA-AU). The group understand “Advanced Urbanism” as the sensitive integration of ICT in cities, taking in consideration cultural heritage, environmental and social dimension issues. “Advanced Urbanism” is about designing and planning processes instead of just concrete artefacts, linking citizens, business and

governments into sustainable urban business cultures. “Advanced Urbanism” requires changing traditional design and planning practices towards more open, collaborative and interdisciplinary practices. KA-AU develops courses, symposiums and an educational and an training platform, with the objective of offering to the participants an innovative education on planning. KA-AU is co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union D4.1 REPORT This report describes the main findings of the Métropoles du Sud Symposium, organized by ENSAM in cooperation with the KA-AU partners. Planning historical Cities Symposium is part of the KA-AU program WP4, Task 4.2.

2 ABOUT THE ORGANISERS

ABOUT THE SYMPOSIUM ORGANIZATION The symposium was organized by the Ecole National Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier (ENSAM). All KA-AU partners had a role in it, participating in the ADVANCED URBANISM - VISION & CHALLENGE panel, the day before the symposium. ABOUT ENSAM École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture of Montpellier is one of the 20 schools of architecture in France. It offers a 5 years formation cut out in 3 years for the Bachelor degree and 2 years so as to obtain the Master degree. Created in 2008, “Métropoles du Sud” is one of the Master in Architecture field of this school. It aims to work on architectural and urban projects starting from a specific point: the interrogation of the “locality” as a vector of urban development in a metropolitan dy-

namics by: - Offering sets of themes of work supporting projects to subjects of research, and made register research structures about it resolutely anchored in the contemporary. - Defining and encouraging an ethic structure about it by its implementation in, by and for the project - Supporting the interdisciplinary through the project (and not around the project) The force of the tomorrow’s metropolises will be in their capacity to affirm their specificity by the recognition of their own territory. The massive contribution of new technologies and their impacts on the city are also questioned, by taking into account the new ways of managing, of governance and constitution of the metropolis. Thus what is today called as “Smart City” seems being a necessary commitment of reflection .

3 ENSAM SYMPOSIUM // PLANNING HISTORICAL CITIES

ORGANIZATION The Symposium Metropoles du Sud 2016 took place on the 15th and 16th of January 2016 at the CRDP of Montpellier. The students and the pedagogic team of the study field Métropoles du Sud of the School of Architecture of Montpellier (École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier) were pleased to receive so many people. This event aimed to talk about the meaning of cities, their methods of registration in the existing built and landscape territories and their future through the lectures of Mads Birgens Kristensen, architect at the danish office COBE, Anne Démians, architect and founder of the office Architectures Anne Démians and the roman architect Mosè Ricci partner

at Riccispaini office. SYMPOSIUM STRUCTURE The Symposium took place during two days; during the first day KAAU members were invited to discuss the vision of new ways of thinking, designing, and developing the urban planning profession. Share a vision from academic, professional and research points of view that was the challenge of this round-table called ADVANCED URBANISM – Vision and Challenge. The 16th took place the Symposium at the CRDP of Montpellier. The eighth edition of the Symposium of the field of studies “Métropoles du Sud”, of the École Nationale Supérieure of Architecture of Montpellier, contributes in the definition of the concept

of the metropolises of the south. The event is focused on territorial planning strategies always linked to a strong identity. The Symposium questioned the direction of cities, their methods to settle in the existing built and landscape territories and its becoming through the presentations of Mads Birgens Kristensen, project manager of the Danish office COBE, Anne Démians, architect founder of the office Architectures Anne Démians and the architect Mosè Ricci, associate at Riccispaini. Partners from the KAAU were invited to participate to the event on the both days. This report presents the outcomes of the Symposium and of the round-table AD-

VANCED URBANISM – Vision and Challenge. A book has been edited that can be downloaded from the KA-AU website.

PROGRAM SEPTEMBER, 15TH 2016 ROUND TABLE ADVANCED URBANISM – Vision and Challenge Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier - 179 rue de l’Espérou, 34 090 Montpellier - France 13:30 - 16:00 Discussants: Chiara Farinea / Mathilde Marengo – IAAC Manuel Gausa / Nicola Canessa – UNIGE Jacques Brion / Elodie Nourrigat / Marion Moustey / Johan Laure / Guillaume Girod – ENSAM Luis Falcon - InATLAS Andreu Ulied – MCRIT - Moderator Benoit Saez – TECHNILUM Judith Skyes / Oliver Broadbent – USP PROGRAM SEPTEMBER, 16TH 2016 KEYNOTESPEAKERS DAY 09:30 – 09:45 - Participants welcoming 09:45 – 10:00 - SYMPOSIUM OPENING – Elodie Nourrigat, ENSAM Rudy Llanos, Thau Agglo, Ville de Sete 10:00 – 10:30 - INTRODUCTION – Guillaume Girod, ENSAM Annabelle Iszatt, ENSAM 7

10:30 – 11:50 - SHORT TALKS – Mathilde Marengo – IAAC Nicola Canessa – UNIGE Johan Laure – ENSAM Luis Falcon - InATLAS Judith Sykes – USP 11:30 – 12:00 - FELLOWSHIP MDS 2015 – Marine Pierson 12:00 – 14:00 - SOCIAL LUNCH 14:00 – 15:30 - COBE LECTURE – Moderator : Jordan Sharp 15:30 –17:00 - ANNE DEMIANS LECTURE – Moderator: Quentin Giraud 17:00 - 18:30 - MOSE RICCI LECTURE – Moderator: Charlotte Pierson 18:30-18:45 - FELLOWSHIP MDS 2016 ANNOUNCEMENT – Marion Moustey, ENSAM 18:45-19:00 - CLOSING – Laurent Duport, ENSAM

January 15th 2016 1:30 pm - 4pm Round Table

Advanced Urbanism / Visions & Challenges

École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier 179 Rue de l'Esperou, 34 090 Montpellier - France

IAAC Chiara Farinea & Mathilde Marengo UNIGE Manuel Gausa & Nicola Canessa ENSAM Jacques Brion, Elodie Nourrigat, Guillaume Girod, Johan Laure & Marion Moustey inATLAS Luis Falcon Mcrit Andreu Ulied * Moderator Technilum Vassili Beillas Useful Simple Project Judith Sykes & Oliver Broadbent

January 16th 2016 9 am - 7pm Symposium Métropoles du Sud Centre Régional de Documentation Pédagogique Allée de la Citadelle, 34 000 Montpellier - France

ANNE DÉMIANS ARCHITECTURES ANNE DÉMIANS DAN STUBBERGAARD COBE ENRIC RUIZ GELI CLOUD 9 - IAAC MOSÉ RICCI RICCISPAINI - UNIGE

4 MAIN FINDINGS & RESULTS

This section presents the symposium’s concept, the key concepts of the first day round tables and the main topic treated in the second day panel CULTURE AND HERITAGE. At the end of the section, a short CV of the keynote speakers is presented. CONCEPT Architecture and urban planning are flexible disciplines that have lasted over time and therefore have had to adapt to all changes of the society, in a technical, technological but also cultural point of view. Even more than adaptation, architecture predicts the changes and has to do with innovation. One can observe that major architectural trends come along the same rythm as historical changes. Just as each period has had its specificities, those of today and tomorrow are in the hands of the architects and this approach is even more difficult that a rich 8

architectural heritage has to be taken into consideration and highlighted at the same time. In the interconnected world we live in, culture takes part in the way societies are wrought. It’s different forms, from historical monuments, museums, medias, contemporary art are an actual part of our everyday life in many ways. Secondly, heritage is the base of the identity concept and the belonging feeling within societies that undergo constant changes and for sure some instability. Culture contributes to building open societies that are inclusive and pluralistic. Heritage and creativity are part of creating societies of dynamic knowledge, innovation and prosperity. As we talk about geography, heritage, culture, architecture has a strong link to its locality. At a time of widespread globalization, the construction of a territorial anchorage in

order to better take place in a global scale is a posture that has to be considered. Instead of an isolated and decontextualized “urban layout”, we can think of connections as a way to think a territory, a site, and architecture in a sustainable way. To do this, we formulate the hypothesis which asserts the necessity to think cities, metropolises, neighborhoods, architecture by the reintroduction and recognition of specificity, the territorial anchoring allowing to specify the metropolitan phenomenon in its locality. But beyond these new technologies, it is also essential to think about the dimension of culture and heritage as well as their impact on societies, also at different scales. The challenge of this action to connect is a new way of filling and renewing missions the traditional missions of cultural democratization, international outreach and citizen participation in culture on a territorial scale.

Once again a wide variety of solutions are proposed to ally culture to these advanced technologies such as the geo-referencing of cultural data. Innovations have to overcome their only technical definition to build up tools and ways to create a technical environment for innovative projects. Indeed, innovation doesn’t only mean using new technologies to reach the main advances. It also has to do with notions of high mixity to consider the wide range of subjects architecture has to manage and deal with, such as art, geography, heritage, economy and many others.

ELODIE NOURRIGAT ENSAM OPENING

ourselves. There are also six French, Spanish, Italian and

Bouchet, Laurent Duport, Pierre Soto, Annabelle Iszatt,

English companies working on the management of

Jérôme Lafond, Guillaume Girod, Luc Léotoing, Laurent

computer data, the creation of applications to support

Viala, Clotilde Berrou and Axelle Bourdeau to see the

city management, the creation of tools for analysis and

culmination of the students’ work in the achievement

optimization of geo-localized data, and also connected

of this symposium.

street furniture.

We thank them all for their commitment and collective

To this grouping are added two cultural social actors.

work, although today you will only see some of them

The ACTAR editions, and the Festival des Architectures

who will lend themselves to the difficult exercise of the

Vives.

animation and the role of respondents.

Nevertheless, its interest and the objective is that in

But it is also a pleasure to welcome, Anne Demians,

addition to the results of the research, it is expected

Mosé Ricci, and Mads Birgens Kristensen. Thank you

to implement innovative ways of teaching. This will

on behalf of all of us for having agreed to offer us this

allow to modify the design and production paradigms

time of dialogue and debate around what brings us all

of the projects by developing new synergies using

together today: Architecture. Unfortunately Enric Ruiz

the entrepreneurial, cultural and social-economic

Geli, was unable to join us at the last minute for health

environment in order to de-compartmentalize the

reasons.

practices of the act of building.

It is also a pleasure to see again those who have taken

Hello everybody,

contribution of new technologies and their impacts on

Métropoles du Sud is also based on a desire to “get

part in the Symposium and are returning today to keep

It is a great pleasure to meet you today for the 8th edition

the city, taking into account new ways of management,

involved

together”. This implies a need for sharing.

sharing. I thank for their presence Manuel Gausa and

of the Symposium Métropoles du Sud.

governance and constitution of metropolises. Thus what

This sharing is implemented between teachers, but also

Francis Soler. It is a pleasure to ensure that the ENSAM

The organization of this symposium stands in the center

is today called “Smart City” seems for us to be a necessary

it is wished that it echoes among students.

comes out its these walls and can be here today at

of the pedagogy of Métropoles du Sud of the Ecole

reflection commitment for tomorrow’s architects. But

The profession of architect is too complex to remain

the CRDP, which I also thank for their welcome. This is

Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture of Montpellier.

the fundamental question is not to make cities “smart”,

individualistic entrenched on our own postures.

important towards the commitment of this students,

The question of the metropolitan development of cities

because this would mean that some are not, but rather to

Sharing is a common project. This experience requires

but also beyond this, it is a strength of the ENSAM. I

is one of the major challenges for architects. Since 2009,

raise the level of exchanges, networks, energy efficiency,

the ability to build a debate about architecture. Thus, in

would like to thank the association Métropoles du Sud

we have started working towards this will to understand,

culture and education.

addition to this project and within the framework of the

carried by former students who also demonstrate that

observe and experiment.

The city is smart not because it is technological, it is

seminar, students are responsible for the organization

the architects of tomorrow have the ambition of a more

We resolutely chose to question the Metropolitan

smart because it is able to increase its level of services to

of this Symposium day. The construction of a debate as

solidarity practice for our beautiful profession. And I

question first in regard to the specificity of the territory

the citizens and to re-examine the modalities of its own

a pedagogy seems for us to be an essential tool for the

will just mention finally what a pleasure it is to spend

as a way to think architecture, the city and by the

governance.

training of architects. Our role as teachers is not only

this together that more and more people attend every

reintroduction and recognition of this specificity,

From this questioning we have just been granted

to share knowledge but to prepare them for the full

year. Thank you all for your presence and I wish you a

locality and the territorial anchoring. The strength of the

of a European research program, over 3 years called

practice of their responsibilities as actors of the society.

very nice day of Symposium.

metropolis of tomorrow will be in its capacity to affirm its

Knowledge of Alliance for a Advanced Urbanism -

Finally, what is particularly important to us is to be

specificity by the recognition of its own territory.

SENcity. This program brings together three universities,

able to do things with envy and pleasure. Today is

There is also the question linked to the massive

the IAAC of Barcelona, the University of Genoa and

for us, the teaching team, with Jacques Brion, Boris

The space-time dimension starts being taken into account in this type of project.

RUDY LLANOS VILLE DE SETE - THAU AGGLO OPENING

du Sud”. I thought it was a pity for a city, located 30

... The space-time begins to be taken care of in this type

kilometers away and a few minutes from Montpellier, to

of project. It is not that “sustainable” time, including

have next to an architecture school with 900 students,

sustainable economy and ecological vision, but also

120 teachers, and not to share the concerns of local

“material” time, ie time to set up records, administrative

authorities and elected representatives. Especially since

time, and political time. It is expected that the project

this is time to put things together and to plan the future

will be developed over 20 years, and people who are

of the development of a space where people who live

currently deciding should take into account the needs,

there will remain in addition to those who will live there

demands and movements of populations that will pass

in 20 years. I will introduce you to the main actors in

in the future.

this development. There is of course the city, with an

The territory was industrialized in 1950. The city worked

extension of territory very limited. On this north view

mainly at the harbor level. The city was working mainly

First of all, I would like to locate the town of Sète because

million jobs, that is to say years of work for a team of

we see the east to the left and the west to the right. It

in collaboration with North Africa (primers, wine),

some of you may not know where it is. It is a town that

urban planner as in the city of Sète. The management

is a lido that goes up to Agde, with essentially beaches

with West Africa also for tropical woods. But also with

is 30 kilometers west of Montpellier and counts about

of the ENSAM found it interesting that these landed

and natural spaces. If you want to develop it, you will

Asia, Brazil ... Now all this has changed. The harbor has

43 thousand inhabitants. Due to its location and its

estates could be used as a place for “practice”. This

have to nail it because you won’t get that chance again.

become narrow and the traffic channels are too small

maritime specificity, this city can not remain indifferent.

would allow the city to see which facilities would have

After that we have to dig, do something else but we can

for the size of the current boats. The harbor had to

It can only be involved with the ENSAM through a

to be upgraded, those that would have to welcome

not do much more.

move. It lies on the coast between Frontignan and Sète,

Master called “Métropoles du Sud”.

public, or those that would not require too much work.

The young architects who are in this room must be

in deep waters. Today it is a huge wasteland. It is this

About three months ago, in October, I had the

It also involves screening and identifying the structures

interested in this project which goes together with

territory that needs to be developed.

opportunity to meet the management team of the

we should get rid of, since refurbishment would cost

developing the Masterplan. It is a project where urban

The diagnosis of what should be done begins in 2000.

ENSAM and during this meeting we discussed the role

too much. And finally to see those that could regroup

development must be taken into account. It is a new

In Languedoc Roussillon, stands the department of

an architecture school should play in the social, cultural,

shared activities. A few days later, arriving at the city hall

vision of architecture. I wanted to introduce to you the

Hérault that has a housing plan department which

economic and political fabric of the region. A few days

of Sète, new meetings followed on other subjects, one

project of the east entrance which is represented by

studies what will happen in the years to come. It is

earlier, I had meetings at the city hall of Sète regarding

of which was about the eastern development of the city.

a great triangle. We will have to face new constraints.

expected that the region will welcome 20 thousand

buildings with accessibility laws for people with special

The topic is important because it is a long-term project,

Indeed, architects worked up to a limited space in two-

new inhabitants / year who will find themselves in

needs. We realized that a small town like Sète has 140

over the next 20 years. So there was this land project,

dimensional space, and will now begin to work in spaces

urban areas and on the coast. The city of Sète will be

landed estates, 120 of which were to be upgraded. This

and besides that, I was talking to my son here in the

with other dimensions. Some time ago, some began to

affected by this specific study.

seemed to me enormous, because that represents 7

room. He introduced me to the symposium “Métropoles

work on the depth, others on the skew or on the territory

The challenge about Smart city is “how do we build together the space to live of the 21st Century”

GUILLAUME GIROD ENSAM OPENING

its intelligence on an intrinsic model and a globalization

Sud” but also more widely in the European consortium, is

model?

oriented around the export and definition of this notion of

Looking at the European classification, the Smart City is

smart city. The context in which the domain “Métropoles

not only about the environment of intelligent systems but

du Sud” and the school are launched over 3 years is with-

it is based on 6 axes. It talks about the multi-factorial issue.

in a European device which speaks of a very interesting

In order to reduce the “smart” question to an intelligence

term, that of “Advanced Urbanism”. It is an alliance carried

factor, it is the economy that must be smart. This subject

out by Europe that responds to these multi-factorial data.

A cycle has been initiated on the subject of smart cities.

of Western cities, which are not rejected today but which

is found in several multi-factorial axes: the inhabitants in

Europe thus understands that in order to think about the

Both in the “Métropoles du Sud” field and in the European

are re-questioned and which are no longer the alpha and

the sense of citizen participation, administration, lifestyles,

future of cities, one should not think of a school in its cor-

consortium. “Smart city” is a term that has already given

omega of urban development .

mobility and environment .... In the collective thought, the

ner, nor of several schools in their corners. Rather, they are

rise to debate within the European consortium and that

It is obvious that the future of humanity is concentrated

projection joins the projections of the beginning of the

consortia between these schools that deal with the issues

collectively needs to be questioned in order to try to proj-

in the city simply because of the global evolution of the

century on what the city will be and is predominantly car-

of architecture in the broad sense. Or experts on technol-

ect the ambition of existing and new cities. It is established

populations. The 21st century will be urban. The issue of

ried by environmental concerns, in reaction to an anxiety

ogies or systems accompanying politicians to make the

on several axes. It has a logical and historical evolution of

“Smart Humanity” is redrawing itself on the “Smart City”

phenomenon. Faced with the announced cataclysm, the

city. This three-year research program aims to reinforce

the projection on the city. But this evolution is both gradu-

since the future of humanity is taking place in the urban

projected images need to comfort themselves with envi-

the idea of multi-actors who collectively reflect on a future

al and ambitious. It emerges from the “Épinal images”, that

system, which is facing similar or different problems. The

ronmental systems. Urban issues are much driven by envi-

that everyone wants better. These four cities, which work

is to say, traditional projections of the city at the begin-

question around the Smart city is “how is the 21st centu-

ronmental thinking, while the smart city seeks to develop

together, share relatively traditional western metropolitan

ning of the century, which were either urban projections

ry’s space of living collectively made?” How is it going to

different axes. We know the summit of the COPs that pro-

problems, with inside the device of academics and com-

by planners experts or coming from the common popular

be the receptacle of a “living together”, to use an architec-

duce a temporarily on a global scale with objectives to be

panies. The axis is the question of “SenCity” in the sense

culture. Cities understood that they could no longer be

tural word ? It must also be understood that the city is no

achieved on the cities. They agreed in Paris this year. This

of sensory city. From a semantic point of view it is also the

built on a single model of infrastructure but that they had

longer manufactured by experts and equivocal or unilat-

sets one of the axes of smart cities and is lived in collective

city of sensors. It is about understanding how technologies

to integrate multi-factorial elements. This is what is call ed

eral thoughts. Rather, it needs to rely on multi-factorial

thought. The collective projection received from smart cit-

impact the development of urban systems? Latent tech-

Smart Cities.

systems.

ies is essentially oriented towards friendly projections that

nologies, as discussed yesterday in the round tables, raise

The European program talks about advanced town plan-

Everyone understands and faces the end of a cycle in

reconcile everyone with the city. The environment is asso-

the question of the arrival of technology in the city, their

ning. Some will say “smart cities”, “smiling cities”, “happy

which there are problems of congestion and pollution

ciated with it and the green question comes back. What is

control, with all the contemporary issues that sweep this

cities” ... but it is rather the global questioning of what a

etc ... We face this in a differentiated way with various

interesting about this smart city concept is that the answer

issue: data management, citizens in the city, the impact of

metropolis is. These projected utopias of the beginning of

problems. Often polluters are not payers and so there is a

is not only environmental, but fundamentally global.

lobbies on the manufacture of cities.

the century have had a major impact on the structuring

global question: how can the smart city be able to project

The work that we are trying to engage at “Métropoles du

SHORT TALK LUIS FALCON INATLAS

mation is not open but we take what is available on the

2015. We can see the large number of people renting their

internet. We then produce an application with “Heatmap”

homes. We download this information, we analyze and we

- thermal map - showing for example the density of pop-

see the number of accommodation in Barcelona. There are

ulation in Barcelona. It’s a very useful map when building

a total of 26 thousand apartments, ie 90 thousand beds. It

supermarkets. We have information on the purchasing

should be noted that all hotels combined account for 75

power of people, their annual spending, on the catering

thousand beds. Which means that Airbnb has 20 thousand

offer, on the hotels to know where to place, on prices per

beds more than all the hotels gathered. It is therefore more

m2 of housing or offices, etc. On some cards, we find small

important than the largest hotel chain in the world. Peo-

dots representing an address or a postal code. From this

ple usually offer their apartment over a few weeks. Active

information we can make analyzes. For example, if there is

offers represent 11,547 apartments, making 40 thousand

an address that you want to analyze, just click on the point

beds. This figure fluctuates and it is interesting to see how

and you get information on a perimeter of 500 meters. This

people can open the apartments for a few weeks and then

gives you a lot of information about the offices, the small

withdraw them. The occupancy rate is 89% and currently

We are mainly specialized in big data management.

phones. We also get business data. Some of them have

businesses around, etc. You can have information such as

there are about 12 thousand apartments that are com-

The idea is to have a lot of data and to integrate values

data on their income, their number of employees, their

the population’s expenditure, market information or pur-

plete. These data are produced weekly. The number of

“X” and “Y”. To integrate the data in the territory, we in-

location or their demographic sources. We also down-

chasing power. You can also know the competitors, their

apartments stays more or less the same week even there

troduce our own technological solutions. On one hand,

load open data on the internet network, such as the

expenses, their earnings and the sector of activity in which

are new ones that open each week - about 1000 beds

it allows the public sector to carry out analyzes on cit-

location of Airbnb houses and the occupations of the

they work. One can then compare each location and have

/ week. Where is the limit? This is the number of free ac-

ies, and on the other hand, it enables the private sector

people.

an average location. One can thus decide our own loca-

commodations. In summer, people sometimes leave their

to make informed decisions.

With these data we go in two directions. First, we make

tion. This is a package we have realized with cities that wish

apartment to rent it and pocket 5 to 6 thousand euros per

In our company, there are two sides in terms of geo-

a quantitative analysis with the figures obtained. There

to set up an application for the development of their en-

year. This provides lessons to urban policies and helps de-

location. On the first line there are the horizontal bars

is also non-quantifiable data that gives a feeling or an

trepreneurs.

cision-makers deal with the problem.

which are the data, and the vertical bars which mean

opinion. For example, the twitter data obtained in Bal-

The second project is Airbnb. It is a sharing economy be-

that we integrate the values of “X” and “Y”, that is to say

timore. The topics of conversations in social media are

gun in 2010, following the economic crisis.

we geolocalize the data. On the second line, we do an-

analyzed. We also analyze the relationships produced

Some people seek to have an income through their home

alyzes. These data are analyzed in real time over a long

by the network through people’s relationships. Thanks

and others seek to rent cheaper and more enjoyable plac-

period of integration. We then produce indicators to

to these data we geo-localize the exchanges. I will show

es. On the map of the city of Barcelona, yellow bubbles

help businesses or communities make decisions. Data

you the main ideas of two important projects. One of

represent hotels, and the size of the bubble represents the

are collected in the public and private sector as well as

the projects is supporting local authorities on the issue

number of beds. We thus get an idea about the density in

from hackers.

of smart cities. We help them locate information.

terms of number of beds. For example, in 2004 in Barce-

Sometimes people give the data for free, others charge

The second project is a study in Barcelona on the de-

lona, we understand that the big hotels are on the coast.

us. For example, we have an agreement with “Telefóni-

velopment of the Airbnb company. These are individ-

The red dots on the map represent Airbnb. There are hardly

ca”, through which we retrieve data from mobile

uals who rent their homes on small periods. The infor-

any bubbles in 2007 but these will gradually increase until

SHORT TALK MATHILDE MARENGO IAAC

have already deployed from Valldaura. The objective

Willy Müller and Jordi Vivali. Here we address questions

is to test it and expand it to the city. We also worked

about the more responsible landscapes and how to live

from solar prototypes. Here are two examples. The first

in the most extreme conditions of our territories today

is the fab lab house, “the Fab Lab House”, developed in

and tomorrow.

2010 for the city of Madrid. Everything was created and

2) Self-sufficient buildings. We move from the urban

manufactured by the IAAC, in a fab lab in Barcelona. If

building to groups of urban buildings. The idea is to

there had been in Madrid a fab lab capable of creating

work on positive energy.

I am Mathilde Marengo, Head of Studies at the IAAC - The

lab is a network of manufacturing laboratories, derived

the pieces, we would of course have sent them there

3) Understanding materials to program equipment and

Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia. I will

from the concept created by Neil Gershenfeld, who

but that was not possible at the time. The second

see how the building environment can become more

speak for myself and Chiara Farinea, who heads urban

was a professor at the MIT -Massachusetts Institute

example is the Endesa Pavilion, developed in 2011

responsible.

projects. I would first like to thank the “Métropoles du

of Technology. It was he who promoted the idea that

for the Smart Cities Exhibition. It is an efficient energy

4) It is also about how technology can change the way

Sud” domain for this invitation. I will introduce the IAAC

anyone can do anything. Today, there are about 100 fab

pavilion. It was so much appreciated that it still exists

we interact with each other.

and how we deal with the issue of advanced urban

labs in the world and we organized the 10th conference,

today. It was placed on the beach.

5) Design and nature to promote energy solutions

planning. The IAAC is therefore an institute for digital

“fab 10”, in Barcelona. The idea is to move from “fab

We generally work on advanced urban planning.

through our way of life.

manufacturing and research. We are working on the

lab” to “fab-ville”. We invited the mayor of Barcelona

Our first program is a master in town planning. It is a

stakes of the 21st century habitat, through the prism

to accept the challenge of transforming the city into

multidisciplinary master’s degree that tends to shape

of architecture, location and geographical aspect. We

the first fab lab in the world. This transformation is

the cities, architecture and technologies of the future.

are located in Barcelona, Europe’s innovation capital

currently underway and I think 6 fab labs have been a

We work with 5 lines of visionary research:

in 2014 and the birthplace of the concept of urban

success with 2 of them backed by the IAAC.

1) The smart city and the emerging territories, led by

planning, specifically at the 22@ in the innovation

We also produce projects related to self-sufficiency,

district. The concept has existed for 20 years and

with one of them being part of the Valldaura laboratory.

brings together training and innovation activities

There are three laboratories. The first dedicated to

concentrated in clusters. We created the largest fab

energy, the other to food and the third to green energy

lab in terms of size in southern Europe as well as the

and ecology. We also worked with the energrid, an

Valldaura labs, a research center linked to fab lab. A fab

intelligent energy management system, which we

It’s also about observing how technology can change the way with interact with each other.

Technology is not only about energy efficiency but it’s also about pleasure, leisure and cultural experience. SHORT TALK JUDITH SYKES USEFUL SIMPLE PROJECT “Useful Simple Project” is an office working on urban

The second part of the project is the Metropolitan happening in the city. We have created open access

rehabilitation projects and on territorial development.

Observatory. It is a physical place organized with the for those who want to use the data to create applica-

Today in Britain, four cities are at the forefront of the

University of Strathclyde. Citizens can go there and

tions or conduct research programs based on that data.

use of urban technology for urban development. They

have access to real data, connected to different points

Yesterday we were discussing the role of the smart city

are heavily funded by the government to accelerate

of the city. It is also a portal that provides informa- and the danger of seeing it as a mechanism for creating

the use of new intelligent technologies. I will show you

tion for applications. For example, we created an ap-

more efficient cities. Bristol is a very creative city and

some study cases.

plication for walkers to allow them to move easily. In

has a program that shows how technology can enhance

To begin with, the industrial city of Glasgow, in the

the application, we find the history of Glasgow which the heritage and cultural experience in the city. There

north of Scotland. Glasgow received 24 million pounds

brings out the historical aspect of the city. We also find

are superb projects such as those with which one can

of funding to create a “demonstration” project for the

the dynamic and intelligent lighting system. Thus, we

discuss with mailboxes or even lampposts.

smart cities of the future. There are several programs in

modulate the lighting levels throughout the day and For weeks we were able to collect stories with these

this project but I will focus on three of them: the opera-

we maintain security. In the lighting system, we have

objects. Technology is not just a question of energy

tional center, the urban observatory and the infrastruc-

a station that retrieves information about the weather,

efficiency, but it is also about fun, leisure and cultural

ture for green growth.

the number of people passing, and other elements that

experience.

The operational center is located in the periurban area

give us a good understanding of how the city works.

Another city we have worked on is Milton Keynes, a new

of Glasgow. We find relief, police, city council, etc. Ev-

The second city I will address is Bristol, an old port city

town created in the late 1970s with a very interesting

erything is assembled to produce an effective response

that used to handle import-export to the United States.

urban form. The city has worked on the issue of “Inter-

to what is happening in the city. This is done through

It is a very creative city. We created a laboratory there net of Thing” (IOT) to enable it to better manage devices

technology, as a multiple response. It is quite unique

on urban change, in connection with the Big Data. such as waste collection or urban transport. She invest-

on the territory.

We are looking for a better understanding of what is

ed in this system to master the most basic elements of

urban life.

How to make a city resilient ? How can we improve the resilience of our cities ? SHORT TALK NICOLA CANESSA UNIGE - ADD

also with foreign students to create exchange.

past, through colloquia or student projects. We are on

We are developing other types of guides such as the

a three-year approach. The idea is to create cross-cut-

GOA BNC. It is a guide that came out six years ago, fol-

ting scenarios. We create an important colloquium with

lowing a project initiated by Manuel Gausa. He even

sub-colloquiums, workshops ... We have many partners

found himself in an exhibition. From there, we started

on the European territory. We make exchanges between

I will tell you about the laboratory GIC-Lab, a pole of

and France, with the Mediterranean area in general.

working with our students on the cities of Barcelona and

students, and work on many projects during the KA-AU.

the University of Genoa founded 8 years ago by Man-

Everyone shares the same concern over the Mediter-

Genoa. The aim was to try to change the methodology

We work with laboratories for periods of two years, es-

uel Gausa. Twenty people work on different aspects

ranean side. We also worked with students and other

of the metropolitan organization system, and above all

pecially on the city of Genoa and on the issue of “resil-

of the laboratory and seven hundred students have

partners to provide information to policy makers and

to insert more green spaces in our cities.

ience”. This is THE buzz word right now. Not only in rela-

participated in the various projects. We worked in Bar-

elected officials. We worked with the municipality of

With Emanuela Nan and Manuel Gausa, the idea was to

tion to the risks of flooding but also on all other issues

celona, Montpellier and Albania. We have organized

Albenga to create a strategic plan for the cultural devel-

see if we could create green spaces. We have created the

that address the concept of resilience such as fire, air

a few workshops around the intelligent city and the

opment of the city.

“total GOA genova multi SCAN” which will be released in

pollution, water, land ... But how to make a city resilient?

landscape. The GIC-Lab focuses on the city and the sur-

From these conferences, a MedNet guide was created.

a few months. It’s a collection of everything we’ve done

How can we improve the resilience of our cities? Work-

rounding landscape, including the multimodal city and

This is the first communication program of our work,

with our students. Our work is specific to the city and

ing around the world, we have studied these issues and

the necessary links within the GIC-Lab, such as “ReCyt-

and that of the students who accompany us. It is very

this is reflected in this guide. The student approach is

have established some good practices.

ing” or “Sens-Cities”.

important to put students’ projects at the forefront be-

also highlighted.

What are we doing in the laboratory? There are three

cause it is a new vision, a vision of freshness for us and

typologies of approach favored by the ICG-Lab and the

for others.

We then created a book called the WAP -World Agri-

partners. We organize conferences where we collect in-

The “MedNet” is organized in two parts. The first is an ap-

cultural Parks. It is a two year work with our students.

formation. One of them was organized by Mosè Ricci

proach of the various university units on various issues.

It deals with agricultural parks around the world, agri-

and Manuel Gausa. It is somewhere the basis of an ap-

There are several projects such as the Veneto-extreme

culture and agricultural areas around cities, in peri-ur-

proach to architecture or landscape.

city, the GOA diagram city, the Pic-city, etc. The second

ban areas. Finally, it is our KA-AU, “Knowledge Alliance

From these conferences we work on the transformation

part is located on the area around the Aiguillerie. We

for Advanced Urbanism”. It is an excellent opportu-

of ideas. We have collaborated with Italy, Croatia, Spain

worked around Genoa. Not only with our students but

nity for us, quite different from the approaches of the

Do connected cities bring a real reflection on cities’ efficiency ?

SHORT TALK JOHAN LAURE ENSAM

Technologies are like a pandora’s box. They are devel-

important for a person or a group? Why should not our

oped, open, accessible to all, and have this tendency to

favorite bar be more important than a museum or a

bring people together. It is no longer the individual who

place? It is thus a hierarchy of information that the “Slow

builds himself around the group, but it is he who will

urbanism” proposes to put forward. He proposes to no

constitute his own group. There are various reasons for

longer see the city as a mass of compact, complete data,

this: economic, cultural, work-related, etc. One realizes

with a very horizontal reading of information, but rather

that one can have a dehumanization of the city by man

to reflect on this mass of information, to filter it and to

and that this one tends to try to re- Humanize through

recover a subjectivity. This is to re-humanise the city, to

technology.

use a kind of deconstruction, filter that will allow to re-

This distant and abstract technology allows people with

move certain points in the course. This reorientation will

common interests to group together projects that are

bring some free time. It will be a question of discovering

I will try to reflect on the city, the technologies that

thing that distracts us from our humanity. One becomes

more or less important, sensitive or economic. It also

the city differently, of not linking a point A to a point B

make it up, which also make up our daily life and our

tributary to the rhythm of the data: one is always reach-

makes it possible to meet together in the city and is a

in the fastest possible way, but of thinking about how

relationship with others. We have always had this vision

able, one can receive the mails 24h / 24h, one is geo lo-

source of initiative in the urban landscape. These tools

to navigate it. Not as we did before by making technol-

of the connected city as the prerogative of metropolitan

cated and archived, until becoming a data like another

have strong capabilities. They allow people to regroup

ogy digressive, but ny thinking about how to make it in

cities, big cities and this high pace of life, where all the

in the city. The real question is this. What rhythm should

and have a common destiny. This common destiny must

its image rather than of technology. The human and the

connections between technology and men are made in

we bring to the city in the future? It might be interest-

be used to redesign the city thanks to different aspects

community are really at the heart of this “Slow urbanism”.

a quick and less lived way.

ing to think a contrario, and to introduce the notion of

or filters that one can ask. It must also bring a human

We really need to think about the impact that we can

But is the connected city, and all these new technolo-

“slow urbanism”. That is to say, think about how to bring

touch, individual, and bring about a kind of sensitivity

have on the city through technology. An impact that, in

gies, a real reflection on the efficiency of the city? One

a human rhythm to this technology, and thus bring a

that can at first be completely dissociated from technol-

my opinion, is more powerful than we think. We are in a

gets the impression that the city has to be a good stu-

human rhythm to the city. It may be necessary to return

ogy.

period when we can decide what the future city will be.

dent who goes through a filter of capacity, today more

to a simpler idea of the city, less linked, having a real ef-

These new technologies are perhaps to be seen through

All these development tools must enable us to build a

and more demanding. Take the example of the smart-

ficiency and a huge information base. It would be to use

a treasure map: to discover places not listed at the Tour-

group centered on humanity and develop a city in our

phone, a tool that gives us exceptional freedom and al-

this technology to live the city and bring a true human-

ist Office for example, or rather to make discover some-

image, to make technology a real tool in our daily lives.

lows us to be constantly connected to the information.

ity. This relationship between technology, temporality

thing sensitive, which is close to our heart, thanks to

Faced with this mass of information, we ask ourselves

and rhythm of the city must make discover spaces and

the people who Know the city and who are able to talk

questions about our abilities, such as asking ourselves

make the city feel to other people. Wondering how to

about it. These discoveries can take many forms. This

if we are still able to use our own reflection to get an

introduce a group of people into a healthy and almost

may be the preferred bar or restaurant of someone, of-

idea about the city. Ultimately, this technology does not

primitive reflection, without denaturing their primary

ten relayed information in the background because it

complement our primitive functions, but creates some-

abilities?

is considered not important. Why could not it become

“it is essential to shape our cities according to our cultures” sustainable and ecological, and the fact that urban concept for children was created. It was not the factory

KEY NOTE LECTURE COBE MODERATOR JORDAN SHARP

culture is more humanized. That is what we are trying atmosphere for children that was sought but the aim to do in Copenhagen. I really like this quotation from was to graft the idea of having different landmarks and Winston Churchill: “It is essential to shape our cities in identities and to build crèches around several nuclei. In relation to our cultures”.

this way, different people from the city, such as the town

I would like to start by thanking you for your invitation

a temperature of + 10 ° C. The change is absolute.

It is by trying to imagine the impact on future generations hall or the fire station, were used to create common

to this Symposium, which I find very interesting. There

The environment, landscapes, people are not the

that we leave a cultural mark on the planet. It would spaces. One example is a fire station with small children’s

are brilliant people gathered today and I now know

same. Travel around the world and communication

be very sad to do the opposite. Architecture is not a cars. So there are different functions with small cubes that

more about intelligent cities. It is very interesting to

(smartphone, mail, etc ...) have become very effective.

question of style or form. It is much more important to can accommodate 20 or 30 children at a time. The image

talk about these cities because we live in places that

Thus, optimizing our journey allows us to move very

look at the context, the social life and especially the users. of a living village has been created in an urban context in

are complex. There are very different languages and

efficiently and to share ideas between cultures in a

Talking about the smart city is part of a much broader which these children are taught to live together and share

cultures. Even if we are on the European continent, it

much more fluid way. I think it is important today to

theme that belongs to sustainable development and certain premises, while having their own environment.

is difficult to communicate between cultures. There

address the cultural barriers that still exist on our

sustainable and sustainable culture. It can be called a The children know how to find their way back to their

are incredible cultural layers and when we put this

continent. Sharing has become very important. In

“smart urban culture”. Social infrastructure:

headphone translators, we can remove the problems.

Copenhagen, for example, carpooling and cycling

For some time in Copenhagen, the places have become a shared space shared by all, which is currently under

We may be even smarter in the future and maybe even

are possible even in winter under 20 cm of snow. In

more convivial and it is good to live there. People do construction.

put a chip in our heads to communicate. The future will

Montpellier, one moves easily, there is no snow and it

not leave the city as much as before, which means that It will be interesting to see how all this will work. It will

tell.

is soft. I would like to spend at least two weeks there.

the number of children has exploded. The number of be colorful, very lively, and of course intense when the

I will begin by addressing this notion of “smart city”. I

I would like to transfer this idea of the intelligent

crèches was therefore no longer sufficient. So we had to parents go Leave their children in the morning: 700

have modified my subject of intervention somewhat

city to our favorite subject, that of architecture.

build 30 to 40 more cribs. This project is important to the bicycles with the children on it, it will be necessary that

because I will speak mainly of “Métropoles du Nord”

In an architectural practice, we work with urban

municipality. When we look at architecture for children, the circulation is well organized!

and “the intelligent city of the north”. When I travel, I

planning and we talk a lot about optimization, waste

their fantasies, the places in which they would like to go

am impressed by the fact that we can move so quickly

management, transport, energy, etc. But very often

every day, we end up dealing with the problem of being

from one world to another. I left this world full of snow

all this is invisible. I want to talk about working on the

a parent when we have to go to the nursery. Instead of

and ice at -10 ° C and I arrive here in Montpellier, with

shape of a city, shaping it to be much smarter, more

building a large machine and similar buildings, a village

rooms every day. There is also a landscape project, with

KEY NOTE SPEAKER ANNE DEMIANS MODERATOR : QUENTIN GIRAUD I wa s a ske d to ta k e pa r t th e fo l l ow i n g s ub jec t : to a sk a co nte m p o ra r y q u e s ti o n re lated to t he c ha ng e o f u r ba n p a ra d i gm i m pl i e d by t he ma ssi ve e m e rg e n ce o f n e w te ch n o l o gi es. S i m p l e qu e s ti o n , s i m p l e a n s we r. The sub j e c t o f th i s i nte r ve nti o n i s to q uest i o n t he i ne v i ta b l e ch a n g e i n u r b a n pat ter ns i mp l i e d by th e re ce nt a n d m a s s i ve e m ergence of ne w te ch n o l o gi e s, n e w e n e rgi e s and all for ms t he y d i re c tl y o r i n d i re c tl y i n d uce. I t i s a que s ti o n o f tr y i n g to br i n g, at th e sam e t i m e t hat th e y h ave b e e n d e te c ted, new b e nc hm a r k s a n d a p p ro p r i ate a n s we rs. We a re ha rd l y awa re to d ay, a n d ce r ta i n ly m o re t ha n f i ve o r s i x ye a rs a g o, th at th e I nter net ha s p rofo u n d l y ch a n g e d o u r re l ati o ns and our m od e s o f ex pre s s i o n . H owe ve r, o n th e o n e h a n d, th e re are a numb e r o f ve r y i nte re s ti n g s tu d i e s whi c h e nha nce th e s e ch a n g e s a n d w h i ch e nhance t he i nc re a s e i n a s h a r i n g e co n o my. St udies t hat t a l k a bo u t a hy b r i d i z ati o n o f c ult ures t hat nat u ra l l y d e ve l o p, a n d hy p e rs oni c ally, our p e r m a n e nt a n d s h o r t (rath e r s h o r tened) exc ha nge s. An d i t i s th i s ca p a ci t y to reco rd i nf i ni te a n d i nte r t w i n e d d ata o n t he d e ve l op m e nt o f ci ti e s th at we d e ve lo p wit h st ub b or nn e s s (a n d, w i th i t, a l l th e co m p lex a sp e c t s o f th e a c t o f bu i l d i n g ). O n th e o t her ha nd, we s h ow a s e r i o u s i n a bi l i t y to i ntegrate t ra nsfor m ati o n s th at re m a i n d i re c tly f ro m 20

t he di gi t al who le. S o what to do ? We are sowi ng a so c i et y b ased o n hy p erco m m unic at io n and, o n t he o t her hand, we are showing a to t al lac k o f co ncent rat io n o n t he m ater ial, ur b an and aest het ic m et am o r p ho ses t hat i t suggest s, whic h are no t c reat i ve and f ar to o c aut i o us. Fo r it is no t di f f ic ult to no te t he di f f ic ult y we have at p resent i n c ar r y ing o ut a sim p le and readab le sy nt hesis o f t hi ngs, whi c h no o ne else do es wi t ho ut t he arc hitec t. We rem ain o n sub jec t s t hat we m eet by o b ligat i o n and sho uld p resent an over whelm ing c r it ic ism , b ut we do no t do so. What I am p ro p o sing i s no t hi ng b ut to b r ing o ut f ro m t he gray area cer t ai n t hem es whi c h are essent ial to t he p rac t i ce o f o ur ar t when we co nf ro nt i t wit h t he reali t ies o f a ter r i to r y o f st udi es o n energy, On t he so c i al, o n tec hniques, o n eco lo gy o r o n design. This ap p ro ac h has fed my p ro jec t s and my acco m p lishm ent s over t he p ast 8 year s. Two m ajo r c hap ter s are develo p ed: Energy and Energy. 1 / The f ir st c hap ter to uc hes o n t he Energy i t self. I t seeks to dem o nst rate t hat t he develo p m ent o f an eco no my t hat is b enef i c ial to o ur advanced so c iet ies i s i nevi t ab le and t hat t he c li m ate c an no t, however, b e i t s p er p et ual vic t i m .

Throu g h the pres entation of three of my projec ts, I will enu nciate and decline the energ y a nd technica l s ide (withou t forg etting the a es thetic) deployed a ccording to a proces s of thou g ht eng a g ed, then clos e this chapter with the s ynthetic pres entation of the reflec tions I lea d Within the RBR 2 0 2 0 wor k ing grou p. This wor k ing grou p wa s pla ced u nder the au thor it y of Philippe Pelletier, deleg ated by the M inis tr y of the Env ironment, to ca r r y ou t new u r ban and ter r itor ia l s olu tions once they have been r id of this overdos e of reg u lations that over whelms cons tru c tion in Fra nce. The members of this grou p a re repres entatives of the pu blic s ec tor (La Pos te / EDF / CST B) a s well a s the pr ivate s ec tor (B ou yg u es / Crédit Agr icole). 2 / The s econd cha pter ta lks a bou t Energ y. I t is a way of u pdating this a na lys is which a gitates the growth of digital technologies as a major contr ibu tion in this hyper- commu nication s ociet y ins talled in the s na ps hot. The development of the I nter net has had enor mou s impa c ts on ou r lifes t yles. I t is obv iou s. Carefu l rea ding of « La Petite Pou cette» , by M ichel S er res, allows u s to u nders tand the impor ta nce of digita l in the cons equ ent chang es that have occu r red in the las t ten yea rs, in ou r relations with ea ch other. I t is a n energ y, whos e natu re

is completely new, and which s lips into u s, trans lating ins ta ntly into ou r s entences a nd ou r reflexes. A relation to k nowledg e, a relation to the imag e of a centralization of a power eroding in favor of the more hor izonta l repres entation of a collec tive, more colla borative s pir it. Attitu des in the wor k place are a ltered and ou r relations hip to s pa ce is u ps et, whether it is clos e or ter r itor ial. Ur ban centers have an oblig ation to tra ns for m thems elves and mu s t u rg ently integrate the idea of ac tive a nd s pecific chronotopies to better qu alify the u s e of s paces to be cons u med collec tively. This linear, cons tru c ted and intellig ent model (the chronotopy of s pa ces ), in which time is the ma in fa c tor, makes it pos s ible to reinforce ever y oppor tu nit y to s hare the bu ilt s pace profitably a nd u s efu lly. Spa ces s hared bet ween dwelling S a nd offices, s pa ces s ha red bet ween ins titu tions a nd pr ivate compa nies, enha ncing, withou t a ny los s of u s e, a nd at a ny time of the day a nd nig ht, the mos t confidentia l a nd open dimens ions of the cit y. Energ y and Energ y Add u p, inter t wine, a nd collide. They have a s a common denominator the interes t of s pace a nd its moder nit y, can Energ y a lone s how a pa r ticu la r mater ialit y? D oes Energ y alone produ ce u r ba nit y?

It is this ability to register infinite data that are related to the development of the cities we design

KEY NOTE SPEAKER MOSE RICCI MODERATOR : CHARLOTTE PIERSON I woul d f i rs t l i k e to th a n k a l l o f yo u fo r t hi s i nv i t ati o n . Th a n k s to th e s tu d y f i els « M é t rop o l e s d u Su d » . I w i l l c al l th i s pre s e ntati o n « M e t ro p o li s of t he We s t» . Th at i s h ow we u n der st and M ont p e l l i e r i n i t. I wa nt to s h ow yo u a s h o r t v i d e o t hat I of te n use a s a pre s e ntati o n w h e n I sp eak on t he t h e m e o f th e s m a r t ci t y. I would like to a d d re s s th e e ffe c ts o f th i s i mp o r t ant re vol ut i on , a n d th i s i n fo r m ati o n te chno lo gy, on our u r b a n e nvi ro n m e nt a n d a l s o o n o ur wor k . I w i l l a l s o u s e th i s f i l m to s h ow yo u my re ce nt re s e a rch th e m e s. At th e e n d, I wi ll end by p re se nti n g yo u my p ro je c ts. Th is video shows a n o th e r way to u s e th e f u nc t io nal st r uc t ure o f th e u r b a n s p a ce. Yo u can f i nd i t on You tu b e. Th e gro u p i s ca l l e d « I m p rove e ve r y w he re » . I t d o e s m a ny th i n g s o f t he sa me k i nd a n d i t wo r k s q u i te e f fe c ti vely o n t he ur b a n e nv i ro n m e nt. Anot he r ti tl e I co u l d gi ve to th i s p re s ent at io n i s « Le a r ni n g f ro m D e tro i t» . I n t he c i t y o f D e tro i t i n th e U n i te d St ates, t he re i s s o m e th i n g e s s e nti a l th at i n f luences my v i si on o f th e u r b a n f u tu re. I thi nk we ne e d to fo cu s o n th at to d ay. Wh at hap p ens i s si m i l a r to th e ye a r 1 9 6 6 , w h e n we had l e a r ne d enormously th ro u g h l ear ni ng f rom La s Ve g a s, o n e o f th e m o s t i n fluent i al a rc hi te c t u ra l th e o r i e s o f th e t went i et h ce nt ur y. Arch i te c ts R o b e r t Ve ntu r i , D eni se 21

S co t t B rown and Steven I zeno ur had t aught us how to ap p rec i ate, t hro ugh t he eyes o f an arc hitec t, what was hap p eni ng i n t he c it ies o f t he wo r ld: t hat ur b an sp rawl and endless c i t ies t hat i nvaded ever y p o ssib le sp ace, wi t h a fo c us o n large inf rast r uc t ures. As an arc hitec t, we have lear ned a great deal f ro m t he 1990s to t he b eginning o f t hi s cent ur y. To day, t he c it y o f D et ro i t o f fer s a to t ally di f ferent si t uat i o n. I st ar ted wo r k ing o n t he sub jec t 4 year s ago, when I c reated t he ex hi b i t io n «R E- C YC L E» i n R o m e. We all k now t he wo rd rec yc ling. I t i s p ar t o f o ur b ehavio r, o ur lifest y le and we are c aref ul to rec yc le ever y t hing. When I asked o ne o f my f r i ends in t he U ni ted St ates to tell m e ab o ut rec yc li ng p ro jec t s at Har vard, he rep lied t hat I had to go to D et ro it, lo o k at what is hap p eni ng t here, And t hen I co m e b ac k and ask hi m t he sam e quest i o n again. That ’s what I did. I sub sequent ly c reated t he town- p lanni ng p ar t and t he landsc ap e o f t he ex hib i t io n. «R E- C YC L E» it later b ec am e a ver y i m p o r t ant nat io nal researc h p ro jec t, f i nanced by t he M inister o f Cult ure. A gro up o f 18 sc ho lar s, half o f who m were I t ali an, elab o rated a sc i ent i f ic wo r k o n t he sub jec t. The i dea was no t just to t ransfo r m t he nat ure o f m at ter, like m ak i ng a tee - shir t wit h p last ic o r water b o t t les, b ut rat her to reuse ex i st i ng m ater ials by slip p ing o ur senses. As i n t hi s sho r t vi deo where we see a direc to r walk i ng

on a landfill. He wa s walk ing on a du mp a nd he trans cr ibed the meaning of the du mp to a hill, a topography. This is « rec ycling » for u s, ie tra ns for ming the mea ning of a n u r ban matter, reu s ing it and giv ing it another mea ning. « REC YCLE» is thu s a ver y popu la r exhibition in R ome, the mos t v is ited at the MAXXI M u s eu m. The book « Stalk ing D etroit» , pu blis hed in Barcelona , S pain, talks abou t the his tor y of the great battle of the beginning of the centu r y in D etroit, when there was a n economic cras h and more tha n a million wor kers had to I n a few yea rs. This is how D etroit cea s ed to be the hea r t of Wes ter n capita lis m. I t ha s los t its metropolis face in ter ms of for m, meaning a nd u s e of the cit y as we u s ed to. The aba ndonment was ver y impor tant. There was a va cu u m in the cit y center. I n red on the ima g e, we s ee the aba ndoned places of the center. Today, in a s ynthetic v is ion, one s ees the death of this moder n cit y. When you wa lk throu g h the center, you s ee bu ilding s, s chools, a ba ndoned fac tor ies, ru ins of moder nit y. We s ee this indu s tr ial cit y that is dying. Architec ts are g enerally happy to wor k with ru ins, they are fas cinated. Q u es tion: Today, s mar t cities a re at the hear t of the debate. D o you think u r ba n rehabilitation, throu g h the rec ycling that you mentioned, can be par t of the cha ra c ter is tics of what a s ma r t cit y is ?

i t. What is ha ppening in the real cit y? I think it is a trans fer of the s olid elements of the cit y, towa rds a non-mater ial wor ld. The idea is to a llow the inha bita nts to have more Space and to bu ild fewer bu ilding s. I n the Wes t, ou r job is to focu s on creating beau t y and rec ycling exis ting mater ials in u r ba n areas withou t increas ing ou r env ironmental footpr int. I t is not abou t demolis hing a nd rebu ilding. The intellig ent cit y a llows u s to do what we want, wherever we are. You ca n even give a conference in a n elevator if you want. The pa ra digm that connec ts the for ms and fu nc tions of the bu ilding did not exis t before. Today, we can u s e ou r her ita g e to do a lot of thing s : live a s u s u a l or do a s chool in a warehou s e! We do not need to dis ting u is h ever ything becau s e we ca n do ever ything with any s pa ce. This is pos s ible tha nks to the s ma r t cit y a nd the new technologies that allow u s to do what we want, a nd a ny where . O u r role as a n a rchitec t will be to create beau t y, a nd to ac t from the exis ting. For example, when look ing at the Pa lla dia n Bas ilica in Vicenza or the M a rcellu s Theater in R ome, Perceives that bu ilding s a re bu ilt with an old par t a nd a new par t. This will be the foca l point of ou r wor k in the fu tu re.

M os è R icci: I n my opinion, the chara c ter is tics of the s mar t cit y a re ver y nu merou s a nd they will be even more s o in the fu tu re, bu t I will not dwell on

It the transfer of solid elements of the city to an immaterial world

COBE

KEY NOTE SPEAKERS CV

CO BE i s a n i nter n at i o n a l a rc h i tec t u re o ffi ce b a s ed i n B er l i n a n d Co p en h a gen , fo u n d ed i n 2 0 0 5 by a rc h i tec t s Va n es s a M i r i a m Ca r low a n d D a n St u b b erga a rd. Th e n a m e CO BE co m es fro m t h e a s s o c i at i o n o f t h e t wo c i t i es o f o r i gi n o f i t s fo u n d er s - Co p en h a gen a n d B er li n . To d ay t h e o ffi ce i s s t r u c t u red i n t wo d i s t i n c t ent i t i es i n ea c h c i t y a n d rea l i zes i n d i fferent l y p ro j ec t s a lo n e o r i n a s s o c i at i o n o n b o t h s t r u c t u res. CO BE i s d efi n ed a s a p ro gres s i ve a n d co ntem p o ra r y co m m u n i t y o f a rc h i tec t s wo r k i n g o n s evera l s c a les : fro m b u i l d i n gs to p u b li c s p a ce, to la rge -s c a l e u r b a n p la n n i n g. Fo r CO B E, a rc h i tec t u re i s n o t t h e ex p res s i o n o f a cer t a i n s t y l e o r fo r m a l res ea rc h , t h e m o s t i m p o r t a nt i s i t s a b i l i t y to a d a p t to t h e co ntex t, s o c i et y a n d li fe o f i t s u s er s. Th ei r m i s s i o n i s to c reate c i t i es, p u b li c s p a ces a n d b u i ld i n gs t h at fu n c t i o n a s s o c i a l en gi n es a n d t h at a re u n d er s to o d i nt u i t i vel y by t h e c i t i zen s wh o p ra c t i ce t h em . Fo r D a n St u b b erga a rd, a rc h i tec t u re i s s o m et h i n g m u c h b i gger t h a n a m ere evo c at i o n by b ea u t i fu l d rawi n gs. H e i s awa re o f t h e s o c i a l i m p a c t t h at go o d a rc h i tec t u re c a n h ave a n d t h e n eed to a d d res s b o t h t h e p ra gm at i c i s s u es a n d t h e m a j o r c h a llen ges fa ced by to d ay ’s s o c i et y. S i n ce i t s c reat i o n , CO BE h a s ga i n ed i nter n at i o n a l reco gn i t i o n t h ro u gh t h e rea li z at i o n o f i n n ovat i ve p ro j ec t s, a s wel l a s by wi n n i n g n u m ero u s awa rd s. Th e a gen c y recei ved t h e M I P I M Awa rd 2 0 1 2 fo r t h e b es t ren ovat i o n o f t h e b u i ld i n g w i t h t h e Co p en h a gen li b ra r y a n d t h e M I P I M Awa rd 2 0 1 5 fo r t h e b es t res i d ent i a l d evel o p m ent wi t h t h e K royer s Pl a d s.

ANNEDEMIANS An n e D é m i a n s c re ate d i n 2 0 0 5 t h e of f i ce A A D, Arc h i te c t u re s An n e D e mi a n s, a mu l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y of f i ce m a d e of a rc h i te c t s, u r b a n p l a n n e r s a n d e n gi n e e r s, wor k i n g for b ot h p u b l i c a n d p r i vate c l i e nt s. Th e a g e n c y p ays t h e s a m e at te nt i on to a l l t h e s c a l e s of t h e p roje c t a n d p u t s i n p l a ce a s p e c i f i c re s e a rc h wor k on t h e con s t r u c t i on p roce s s e s a n d t h e ex te r n a l e nve l op e s, t h e re s u l t s of w h i c h c a n b e ob s e r ve d i n p roje c t s s u c h a s t h e R e zo b u i l d i n g i n Pa r i s or Z a c M a s s e n a , for w h i c h An n e D é mi a n s ob t a i n s t h e p r i ze of t h e wom a n a rc h i te c t s i n 2 0 1 3 . Th e a g e n c y h a s d e ve l op e d a n a p t i t u d e to p rop os e a n s we r s t a i l ore d for e a c h of i t s i nte r l oc u tor s. B e yon d i t s a rc h i te c t u ra l p rod u c t i on , An n e D é mi a n s i s e n g a g e d i n va r i ou s re f l e c t i on s on t h e top i c a l i t y of c i t i e s, a rc h i te c t u re, p l a n n i n g a n d t h e e nv i ron me nt. Th u s s h e p a r t i c i p ate s i n s e ve ra l wor k i n g grou p s i n c l u d i n g t h e Ca i s s e d e s D é p ôt s, re f l e c t i n g on t h e con s t r u c t i on of t h e « s u s t a i n a b l e c i t y » . An d a l s o on Le G ra n d Pa r i s w i t h i n t h e Cou n c i l of At t ra c t i ve n e s s a n d I n n ovat i on . An n e D e m i a n s re g u l a r l y te a c h e s i n s c h ool s of a rc h i te c t u re at E N SA B r i t t a ny a n d at t h e U n i ve r s i t y Pa r i s D a u p h i n e. For h e r, t h e d i ve r s i t y of a rc h i te c t u ra l, u r b a n a n d e nv i ron me nt a l a p p roa c h e s i s t h e d r i v i n g force b e h i n d k n ow l e d g e t h at i s e s s e nt i a l to t h e d e ve l op m e nt of p roje c t s t h at h ave b e come i n c re a s i n g l y com p l ex. Proje c t s t h at re q u i re a p a r t i c u l a r l ook for e a c h of t h e m, c a n on l y com e f rom s t r u c t u re s or i n d i v i d u a l s c a p a b l e of re f l e c t i n g i n a g l ob a l d i m e n s i on .

MOSERICCI O r i gi n a l l y f rom Fl ore n ce, M os è R i cc i i s a n a rc h i te c t, fou n d e r w i t h Ph i l i p Sp a i n i of t h e of f i ce R ICC ISPA IN I. I n s t a l l e d s i n ce 1 9 8 4 i n G e n oa , t h e a g e n c y d e ve l op s a comp re h e n s i ve a p p roa c h to h e r i t a g e a n d t h e e nv i ron m e nt t h a n k s to a n a rc h i te c t u re t h at c a n t a k e i nto a ccou nt a l l t h e c h a l l e n g e s of conte m p ora r y s oc i e t y. G ra d u ate d i n a rc h i te c t u re f rom t h e L a S a p i e n z a U n i ve r s i t y i n R om e, M os è R i cc i h a s p u r s u e d a c a re e r p at h a l on g s i d e h i s a g e n c y c a re e r. Si n ce 1 9 8 4 , h e h a s b e e n a p rofe s s or of u r b a n p l a n n i n g at t h e C h i e t i - Pe s c a ra S c h ool of Arc h i te c t u re , An d t h e G e n oa S c h ool of Arc h i te c t u re. H e a l s o h ol d s a n i nte r n at i on a l a c a d e mi c b a c k grou n d a s a v i s i t i n g p rofe s s or at H a r va rd U n i ve r s i t y ’s G ra d u ate S c h ool of D e s i gn , a s we l l a s at U n i - M od e r n a i n L i s b on a n d TU M u n i c h . Th e a rc h i te c t ’s re s e a rc h wor k , b a s e d on t h e q u e s t i on of i nte ra c t i on s b e t we e n a rc h i te c t u re, tow n p l a n n i n g a n d l a n d s c a p e i n t h e contex t of e col og y, q u e s t i on s ma i n l y t h re e m a i n t h e me s : i n n ovat i on i n u r b a n p l a n n i n g, conte mp ora r y t ra n s for mat i on s of u r b a n for m An d u r b a n d e s i gn . Th e s e re s e a rc h e s a n d wor k s w i t h R ICC ISPA IN I we re re wa rd e d w i t h p r i ze s s u c h a s t h e com p e t i t i on for t h e exh i b i t i on « I t a l i a n H i g h D e s i gn a n d H i g h Te c h n ol og y » i n Sh a n g h a i a n d a l s o exh i b i te d at t h e B i e n n a l e of Ve n i ce, M od e r n Ar t G a l l e r y of R om e a n d t h e H e i m at t M u s e u m i n Berlin. M os è R i cc i i s a l s o a p u b l i s h e r for t h e B A B E L p u b l i s h i n g h ou s e, w h e re h e h a s p u b l i s h e d s e ve ra l b ook s i n c l u d i n g « N e w Pa ra d i gms » , « U n i ve r Ci t y » , « R i s c h i o p a e s a g gi o» . Th e wor k of M os è R i cc i i s d i s t i n g u i s h e d by i t s ve r s at i l i t y : a s a p ra c t i c i n g a rc h i te c t, te a c h e r, l e c t u re r, a u t h or, h e con s t a nt l y i nte r rog ate s u r b a n p l a n n i n g tod ay.

5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS CONCLUSIONS The symposium aims to highlight a contemporary paradigm formulated by the necessity to think cities, metropolises, neibghborhoods, architecture by the reintroduction and recognition of specificity, the territorial anchoring allowing to specify the metropolitan phenomenon in its locality. But beyond these new technologies, it is also essential to think about the dimension of culture and heritage as well as their impact on societies, at different scales. The big interest generated by the symposium is shown by the high participation. According to what declared on the registration form, they come from the fields of Architecture, Engeneering, Urban Planning, City Administration from France or Abroad. The audience was composed by both students and professionals.

RECOMMENDATIONS The recommendations are from a feedback established by Think up. The feedback has

been realized thanks to an online survey distributed to the audience. From this survey, we learned that 88% of the person found clear or very clear the objectives of the event and that 97 % of the audienec thought that the event met or met mostly its aims. 96% of respondants found the content useful or very useful. One of the recommandation for this event improvement was to accord a larger place at the students in the content of the two days.

SECOND DAY PANELS

a l re a d y exi s t i n g i s a l re a d y ve r y con n e c te d w i t h s or t of e l e m e nt s t h at we d on’t n e ce s s a r i l y a gre e w i t h or wor k i n p a ra l l e l w i t h , s o we a c t u a l l y s p e a k of c i t y a n d te c h n ol og y a n d i n f a c t we ju s t s t a r te d a c l a s s t h i s ye a r on m a s te r i n g c i t y a n d te c h n ol og y. Th e q u e s t i on you a s k e d wa s w h e t h e r i t i s re l ate d to t h e h i s tor i c a l c i t i e s or n ot ? I n è s : Ye s.

ROUND TABLE ADVANCED URBANISM Vision and Challenge ver y c l o s e co lla b o rat i o n . KAAU participants: •

IAAC: Chiara Farinea & Mathilde Marengo

•

UNIGE: Manuel Gausa & Nicola Canessa

•

ENSAM:

Jacques

Brion,

Elodie

Nourrigat,

Guillaume Girod, Johan Laure & Marion Moustey •

InAtlas: Luis Falcón

•

Mcrit: Andreu Ulied & Marite Guevara

•

Technilum: Benat Saez

•

Useful Simple Project: Judith Sykes & Oliver

Broadbent K a re n : I n your opinion, what stud ent s i n a rchitec ture can lear n from your wor k an d w h at ca n the y do to promote your ideas ? J u d ith Syk es ( USP ) : Traditionally as a p ra c t i ce we have always tr ied to wor k for cases wi t h stu d ents in researches in par ticular, an d yo u see the benefit of wor k ing r ight clos e w i t h a ca d emia s who run a lot of research pro gra m s, a nd what … with universities in the UK a n d pa r ticu la r ly Universit y College London a n d … a nd what that allows us to do is br ing p ra c t i c a l ca se stu dies or … research in academ i a a n d stu d ent proj ec ts into case studies whic h a re a bit more real wor ld and allows us to ge t a cces s to the best infor mation and later res ea rc h coming out the academias so we enjoy t h at 26

O li ver Bro a d b ent ( US P ) : I t h i n k t h at en gi n eer s a n d a rc h i tec t s i n t h e Un i ted K i n gd o m a re t a u ght fro m co m p letel y d i fferent p a ra d i gm s. O n e i s s o r t o f a p o s i t i vi s t i c u n d er s t a n d i n g o f t h e wo r ld w h i c h h a s a co r rec t a n s wer a n d t h ere’s a n i nter p ret at i ve a n d s u b j ec t i ve tea c h i n g o f a rc h i tec t u re wh i c h co m es fro m t h e a r t s a n d we h ave t h i s a lways to t r y to b r i n g t h es e p a r t s to get h er a n d a lo t o f wo r k t h at I d o i s a b o u t h el p i n g to get t h e en gi n eer s m o re t h es e d i vergent s k i l l s a n d m ay b e h o p efu lly t h ere i s s o m eb o d y … h elp t h e a rc h i tec t s get s o m e co nvergent s k i l l s a s wel l, I d o n’t k n ow, b u t t h e s t u d ent s a re co m i n g fro m qu i te d i fferent p l a ces i n my ex p er i en ce. J u d i t h Sy k es ( US P ) : I t h i n k t h at t h es e to o ls we a re t a lk i n g a b o u t to d ay, vi s u a l i s at i o n a n d d at a co llec t i o n , en a b le u s to h ave d i fferent co nver s at i o n s b et ween a rc h i tec t s a n d en gi n eer s a n d en a b l i n g a m u c h m o re i nterd i s c i p l i n a r y way o f wo r k i n g, s o … a b o u t a rc h i tec t s a n d en gi n eer s b u t a l s o … b ec a u s e t h e d at a i s p res ented i n s u c h a d i fferent way a n d m o re a cces s i b l e a n d b eyo n d t h at a ls o to c i t i zen s a s well. I n ès : I s t h i s n ew c i t y, li k e t h e s m a r t c i t i es, i n co nt i n u i t y wi t h ex i s t i n g t h i n gs a n d h i s to r i c a l h er i t a ge i n yo u r o p i n i o n ? M at h i l d e M a ren go ( I A AC ) : S o, to b egi n w i t h , I t h i n k t h at, I a c t u a lly d o n’t li k e to s p ea k o f s m a r t c i t i es b ec a u s e o f t h e referen ces, w h at i s

M at h i l d e M a re n g o ( IA AC ) : We l l ye s of cou r s e, I me a n t h e c i t y i s re s i l i e nt, i t ’s con s t a nt l y s u r v i v i n g, s o w h at h a p p e n s i f, w i t h t h e grow t h of te c h n ol og y, te c h n ol og y i s a s or t of i n p u t i t s e l f i nto t h e exi s t i n g c i t y a n d t h e n p re s e nt i n g a p ote nt i a l wor k s h op w h i c h I d on’t k n ow i f you g u ys k n ow t h e conte nt b u t i t ’s t h e p e r fe c t exa m p l e of h ow s m a r t te c h n ol og y c a n b e i nte grate d i nto h i s tor i c a l f a b r i c, on e d oe s n ot p u s h ou t t h e ot h e r i n a ny me a n s. O f cou r s e t h e re i s a l s o t h e f a c t t h at w i t h t h e grow t h i n u r b a n p op u l at i on , t h e re g on n a b e a l ot of a l s o n e w i n f a b r i c, a n d obv i ou s l y h ow you re l ate to h i s tor i c a l contex t w i t h re s p e c t to a n e w contex t i s d i f fe re nt d e p e n d i n g on t h e te c h n ol og y you’re g oi n g to b e u s i n g. C h i a ra Fa r i n e a ( IA AC ) : I t s h ou l d b e i nte re s t i n g a l s o to u n d e r s t a n d h ow i t i mp a c t s s h r i n k i n g c i t i e s c a u s e t h e c i t i e s i n As i a for exa m p l e a re grow i n g b u t t h e re’s a n i nte re s t i n g re s e a rc h i n G e r m a ny a b ou t a l s o i n Eu rop e i t cou l d b e a ve r y i nte re s t i n g top i c, h ow te c h n ol og y cou l d re c yc l e a c i t y. O n on e s i d e we h ave t h e h i s tor i c a l c i t y, I d on’t k n ow i f you u n d e r s t a n d i t ju s t l i k e t h e a n c i e nt p a r t of t h e c i t y or l i k e t h e 6 0 s c i t i e s w h i c h h ave k i n d of d i f fe re nt p rob l e ms, for exa m p l e t h e y h ave s e ve ra l p rob l e m s a b ou t e n e rg y. M at h i l d e M a re n g o ( IA AC ) : B a rce l on a for exa m p l e won t h e Eu rop e a n c a p i t a l for i n n ovat i on ju s t l a s t ye a r, a n d B a rce l on a i s by a l l m e a n s a n h i s tor i c c i t y. I t ’s ju s t a c i t y t h at re n e ws i t s e l f a n d re i nve nt s i t s e l f con s t a nt l y a n d i t ’s a l s o t h a n k to t h e c i t y i t s e l f h av i n g i nve s te d a l ot of m on e y i n i t. C h i a ra Fa r i n e a ( IA AC ) : Ab ou t t h e a n c i e nt c i t i e s, t h e re a re s ome e nte r p r i s e s, for exa m p l e Si e me n s, t h at a re d oi n g re s e a rc h a b ou t h ow i s i nte grate d t h e te c h n ol og y i n ord e r to e n h a n ce t h e p e r for m a n ce s of t h e a n c i e nt b u i l d i n g s. Th i s wa s ju s t a b ou t e n e rg y you c a n h ave mu c h m ore exa m p l e s of e nte r p r i s e s wor k i n g on c a s e s l i k e t h i s. Am a n d i n e : I’ve g ot 2 s h or t q u e s t i on s for I n At l a s. I t ’s a b ou t t h e n ot i on of u r b a n d e r i ve. H ow to p re s e r ve a k i n d of s p ont a n e i t y i n t h e d i s cove r y of t h e c i t y w h i l e s u g g e s t i n g p l a n s a n d s m a r t ways to d o t h at ? An d t h e s e con d on e

i s c a n we n ot i ce a n e w for m of s p ont a n e i t y i n t h e d i s cove r y of t h e c i t y ? Lu i s Fa l con ( I n At l a s ) : I d on’t k n ow w h at you m e a n w i t h s p ont a n e i t y. B y s p ont a n e i t y you m e a n s om e t h i n g t h at i s n ot p l a n n e d, ra n d om ? Ama n d i n e : Ye s. Lu i s Fa l con ( I n At l a s ) : O k . S o you’re a s k i n g m e i f n ow t h e re i s a for m of s p ont a n e i t y O n e t h i n g i s t h e s p ont a n e i t y, t h e ot h e r i s t h e rol e te c h n ol og y i s p l ay i n g. Sp ont a n e i t y i s s om e t h i n g h u ma n , s ome t h i n g you c a n org a n i ze i n you r l i fe or s om e t h i n g you c a n m a k e ra n d om , i t ’s u p to you. Te c h n ol og y i s a n at t r i b u te, i t ’s n ot a n a me i t s e l f. I d on’t t h i n k t h e c i t y h a s to b e a s ma r tc i t y, c i t i e s a re w h at t h e y a re, b u t te c h n ol og y i s a n at t r i b u te t h at. I t ’s l i k e t h e e coc i t i e s or to b e e nv i ron m e nt a l, i t ’s a n at t r i b u te t h e c i t y h a s to h ave. B a s e d on t h at, you c a n u s e t h e te c h n ol og y to c a p t u re mom e nt s, p i c t u re s, you c a n u s e i t to b e more s p ont a n e ou s, you c a n u s e te c h n ol og y to c a p t u re i n for mat i on t h at i s n ot i n t h e c i t y i t s e l f, we we re t a l k i n g a b ou t i t b e fore, b u t w h i c h i s t a k i n g p l a ce on t h e we b. Pe op l e a re s p ont a n e ou s l i k e b e fore we we re comi n g h e re on e d e c i s i on I m a d e i n my l i fe i s t h at I n e ve r re a l l y s w i tc h e d on t h e g e ol oc a l i s at i on i n my m ob i l e c a u s e you k n ow t h at on ce you d o t h at t h e y a re t ra c k i n g you r l i fe. S o i t i s ve r y s p ont a n e ou s to c h oos e n ot to p u s h t h e b u t ton a n d c h oos e n ot to b e t ra c k e d by t h e s e comp a n i e s a n d gi ve t h e s e i n for m at i on s. I t h i n k t h at t h e s p ont a n e i t y d oe s n’t d e p e n d on te c h n ol og y, i t d e p e n d s on you r s e l f. I t ’s u p to you. Si m p l y i t ’s a cce l e rat i n g t h e d e c i s i on . Anyon e c a n g e t i n c a u s e I’m t r y i n g to b u i l d u p a n a n s we r b u t t h e q u e s t i on n e e d s t i m e. B e fore we we re s ay i n g h ow you’re t r y i n g to c a p t u re w i t h t h i s wor k s h op you a re s h ow i n g tod ay, a n d we we re t h i n k i n g on e cou l d b e s p ont a n e ou s you k n ow, w i t h te c h n ol og y or w i t h ou t te c h n ol og y, on e c a n m a k e t h e d e c i s i on to s w i tc h of f t h e i r m ob i l e, s o t h e m ob i l e d oe s n’t p l ay a rol e i n you ra n d om b e h av i or. You wa nt to c a p t u re t h i s b e h av i or a n d t h e te c h n ol og y n owa d ays h e l p s you, you c a n s w i tc h on t h e g e ol oc a l i s at i on on you r m ob i l e a n d t h e n re a l l y t ra c k you r m ove m e nt s. O r you c a n u s e t h e we b t h e s oc i a l me d i a s a n d t h e n you’re re a l l y t ra c k e d : you’re h e re a n d s ay s ome t h i n g. You k n ow t h at on e of e ve r y 2 0 0 t we e t s a re g e ol oc a l i s e d. I t m e a n s for exa m p l e i n B a rce l on a t h e re a re l i k e 1 0 mi l l i on t we e t s a we e k ( or a ye a r, h e’s n ot s u re ) , s o you h ave a l ot of i n for mat i on w h i c h i s t ra c k e d. You’re l e av i n g t ra ce s. Con ce r n i n g I n s t a gra m for i n s t a n ce, h a l f t h e a ccou nt s a re g e ol oc a l i s e d a n d on e of e ve r y 4 a ccou nt s a re con n e c te d to Twe e te r s o i n d e e d you’re a re l e av i n g a l ot of i n for mat i on a n d i n d e e d I h ave a l l t h i s i n for mat i on s o I c a nt ra c k w h ate ve r t h at s p ont a n e i t y i s i n you r l i fe. D i d you watc h M i n or i t y R e p or t, t h e mov i e ?

The re a re a lot of cool movies about th e fu t u re bu t M ino r it y R epor t is really captur ing w h at a re the mod er n cities with the new techn o l o gi es. Lo o ks ve r y cool like they are constantly rea d i n g in yo u r e yes and tell you at any moment w h at yo u need. The y have analyzed the spontanei t y o f a l l the peo ple to find out what you need : b u y t h i s, ta ke the plane, take the bus, … S o I don’t k n ow i f I’m a nswe r ing your question but what I’m t r y i n g to pu t o n the table is that the technol o gy i s a med ia bu t the ver y truth is that we are h avi n g mu ch more infor mation and people like m e a re a na lyzing your profile, what you do, wh ere yo u a re, what are you saying, who are your fr i en d s, who a re th e fr iends of your fr iends, so t a k e c a re with how you’re using the technology. D o es someo ne want to add anything ? J u d ith Sykes ( USP ) : There’s like a different t a k e o n you r q uestion. I think there’s an ide a a b o u t citie s, what this technology allows us to d o. We ca n clo se ly analyze an area quite quic k ly a n d then u nd erstand the impac t that that has o n t h e cit y. I thin k that a k ind of dynamic resp o n s e i s re a lly inte resting in the way we manage o u r c i t y systems, to be more responsive to different u s es a nd ne ed s. O live r Broadbent ( USP ) : On the spont a n ei t y, I think you can’t discover something if yo u k n ow where you’re going. S o I j ust think if so m eo n e te lls you the way to go i t will autom at i c a lly switch o ff the spontaneit y. M athild e M arengo ( IAAC ) : I t depends. Ca u s e i f you have to go somewhere in 5 minutes t h en yo u switch it off. But if you have to go somew h ere a nd you h ave the whole day and you go fro m po int A to B you can loose yourself in the m i d d le. And re U lied ( M cr it ) : I want to say j u s t o n e word, ce r t aintivit y. I don’t k now if all o f yo u k now the meaning of this word. Tech n o l o gy give s you this chance. You can take the r i s k to go a rou nd ca use if you need iinfor mation yo u j u s t click a nd you’re back to the initial plan. Bu t a ls o you’re lo st but suddenly you got the infor m at i o n o f a fr ie nd who is around and doing so m et h i n g that yo u like. S o technology gives yo u t h i s id ea of cer taintivit y so you don’t have to p la n eve r ything in advance, it ’s a paradox in a way. O live r Broadbent ( USP ) : I think the key p h ra s e is if you use it proper ly. Cause there are s t u p i d thing s too. You k now, smar tphones and a s t u p i d per son. Lu is Fa lcon ( I n Atlas ) : The thing a b o u t

tec h n o lo gy i s t h at ever yo n e s eem s to t h i n g t h at tec h n o lo gy i s c a p t u r i n g yo u, a n d m a k i n g yo u s t u p i d a n d b lo c k i n g yo u a n d n o t h el p i n g yo u m a k i n g relat i o n s h i p wi t h p eo p le a ro u n d b u t i t ’s s i m p ly a ccelerat i n g ever y t h i n g, m u l t i p ly i n g t h e o p p o r t u n i t i es, yo u k n ow, to t a l k to a lo t o f p eo p l e, fa s ter, h a rd er, …

a p p l i c at i on s of s ma r t c i t i e s a re t u r n e d towa rd s r i c h p e op l e, b u t t h e re a re a l s o a l ot a p p l i e d to a ny k i n d of p e op l e, te c h n ol og y re l ate d to t h e u s e of t h e c i t y for exa m p l e. I t ’s n ot l i te ra l l y on l y for r i c h p e op l e a l t h ou g h I te n d to a gre e w i t h yo u.

Lu i s Fa lco n ( I n At la s ) : I t ’s u p to yo u. I m a gi n e w h en t h e tel ep h o n e wa s i nvented, o r w h en t h e c a r wa s i nvented, o r t h e li ght. Tec h n o lo gy i s j u s t s i m p l y s p eed i n g u p ever y t h i n g b u t i t ’s h a p p en i n g s i n ce a lways. Co m m u n i c at i o n i s j u s t go i n g fa s ter a n d i t ’s u p to yo u h ow yo u l i ve w i t h t h at. We’re i n a k i n d o f s o c i et y wh ere t h e h u m a n b ei n gs a re t h e s a m e b u t tec h n o l o gy i s m ovi n g t h e way we’re rel at i n g to ea c h o t h er s o I t h i n k s p o nt a n ei t y co u ld b e k ep t, s i m p ly t h i n gs a re go i n g fa s ter, i t ’s u p to yo u.

C h i a ra Fa r i n a ( IA AC ) : I t h i n k t h e re a re t wo l e ve l s. O n e l e ve l i s t h e exp l oi t at i on of t h e word s ma r t c i t y i n s ome d i s t r i c t, w i t h s ma l l e r com mu n i t y a n d on t h e ot h e r s i d e t h e ot h e r l e ve l i s t h e c i t y, t h e i nte l l i g e nt c i t y, s p re a d i n g t h e k n ow l e d g e. S o t h e re a re d i f fe re nt l e ve l s a n d i t i s ve r y i mp or t a nt to u n d e r s t a n d b e c a u s e s m a r t c i t y i s a k i n d of b ra n d. B u t t h e re’s n o c l e a r d e f i n i t i on of t h i s b ra n d. Lou i s Fa l con ( I n At l a s ) : Th i s i s n ot t r u e. Th e Eu rop e a n U n i on i s p ay i n g mi l l i on s to [ ? ] to d e f i n e [ ? ] . I f you re a d t h e Eu rop e a n U n i on p a p e r s, i t i s ve r y c l e a r l y d e f i n e d : a s m a r t c i t y i s t h i s, a n d I w i l l p ay you m on e y i f you c a l l i t t h i s, t h i s or t h i s. You c a n d i s a gre e b u t t h e re i s a d e f i n i t i on .

Ali c i a : I h ave 2 qu es t i o n s fo r M c r i t. D o es t h i s a p p l i c at i o n a l l ow to revi t a li ze s o m e n eglec ted p l a ces a n d es p ec i a lly t h e c u lt u ra l o n es ? An d re Ul i ed ( M c r i t ) : I t ’s p o s s i b le b u t i t c a n a l s o b e t h e o t h er way a ro u n d c a u s e m ay b e t h e i n fo r m at i o n o f m o re p o p u l a r p la ces i s over w h elm i n g b u t a l s o yo u get t h e c h a n ce to [ … ] a rea t h at a re n o t wel l k n own . I t ’s a p a ra d ox c a u s e i n a way we h ave s o m u c h i n fo r m at i o n a ll a ro u n d, a n d d at a , b u t a ls o we c a n h ave o u r ow n web s i te a n d o u r own vi d eo s o n Yo uTu b e s o t h i s i s a p a ra d ox i n a way. Th ere i s s o m u c h m o re i n fo r m at i o n yo u’re n o t i nteres ted i n b u t yo u c a n a l s o m a k e p eo p le awa re o f i nteres t i n g t h i n gs w h i c h a re n o t k n own .

M at h i l d e M a re n g o ( IA AC ) : J u s t a b ou t s ma r t c i t y b e i n g re l ate d to m on e y or n ot, t h e w h ol e m a k e r m ove m e nt, a n d t h e f a c t of i m p l e me nt i n g [ ? ] a n d t h i n g s l i k e t h at te l l s you t h at n ot n e ce s s a r i l y i s c a u s e you c a n m a k e you r ow n s e n s or s a n d you c a n i n p u t d at a i nto you r s m a r t c i t y by you r s e l f. An d we d o i t e ve r y d ay at [ ? ] i n ma ny ways, w i t h d i f fe re nt p roje c t s s o i t d oe s n’t me a n i t h a s to b e a r i c h c i t y, a n d i n f a c t a ve r y g ood exa mp l e i s on e of t h e s e con d gra d e s t u d e nt d e ve l op e d a d e s a l i n at i on p rotot y p e a n d h e’s b e e n to Af r i c a t w i ce t h i s ye a r a l re a d y a n d h e’s i m p l e me nt i n g i t i n G u i n e a , a n d i t ’s n ot cos t i n g t h e m a ny m on e y. I t ’s ve r y c h e a p a n d gi v i n g a s ma r t a n d e f f i c i e nt s ol u t i on to t h e c i t y.

Lu i s Fa lco n ( I n At la s ) : I’m t r y i n g to s ay t h at tec h n o lo gy i s b a s ed o n s en s o r s, yo u h ave s en s o r s i n t h e c i t y w h i c h a re gi vi n g to yo u i n fo r m at i o n , t ra c k i n g t h e m o b i li t y o f c a r s, t h e s o u n d s, a n d s o o n . Th ere i s a tec h n o l o gy a p p l i ed to b u i ld i n gs w h i c h i s m o re eco - effi c i ent, m o re rel ated to i s o l at i o n , t h e s u n . S m a r t c i t i es a re co n n ec ted to t h e b i g d at a , co n n ec ted to web p a ges, b a s ed o n t ra n s p a ren c y, o n o p en s o u rce, o p en d at a . Th i s i s revo l u t i o n a r y c a u s e i t ’s a l l ow i n g a lo t o f p eo p le w h o a re n o t r i c h to c a p t u re i n fo r m at i o n a n d t h ey a re m a k i n g b u s i n es s o u t o f t h at. B y get t i n g t h es e i n fo r m at i o n yo u c a n s ay fo r ex a m p l e i f yo u’re i l l w h ere i s t h e c lo s es t h o s p i t a l a n d h ow to go t h ere, o r d i s a b l ed p eo p le w h o a re c a lli n g d i rec t ly t h e h o s p i t a l. S o i t ’s t r u e t h at m a ny

Va l e nt i n : I t may b e a n e t h i c a l q u e s t i on : d oe s i t m at te r to b e c l a s s i f i e d a s a s ma r t c i t y ?

An d re Ulli ed ( M c r i t ) : Yes b u t yo u c a n c a l l i t a r u l er to o c a u s e yo u h ave t h e o p p o r t u n i t y o f u s i n g t h es e i n fo r m at i o n … I t ’s a p a ra d ox .

M a n u e l G a u s a ( U N IG E ) : Sm a r t c i t i e s a re l i n k e d w i t h p rod u c t i on a n d e f f i c i e n c y. Th e s e con d l e ve l i s i nte l l i g e n ce. Th e u p p e d l e ve l i s l i n k e d w i t h c a p a c i t y of p roje c t i on , t h e c a p a c i t y of p l a n n i n g p roje c t s. I t ’s n ot on l y a b ou t e f f i c i e n c y a n d p rod u c t i on , n ot on l y a b ou t re l at i on a b i l i t y a n d con n e c t i on , i t i s a l s o t h e c a p a c i t y to for m u l ate ot h e r t h i n g s. For me, I p re fe r to u s e t h e a d va n ce te r m t h a n s ma r t. N ot b e c a u s e s ma r t i s b a d, i t c a n b e g ood for s ome t h i n g s, b u t at t h e e n d t h i s i s n ot p roje c te d to n e w k i n d of s p a ce s, m ore, I d on’t k n ow, i nte ra c t i n g, s p ont a n e ou s, re l at i on a b l e, conv i v i a l, w h ate ve r you c a l l i t.

Lu i s Fa l con ( I n At l a s ) : [ Ta l k a b ou t a nt i c i p at i on , a p roje c t N e w B a by l on i n t h e 6 0 s ] N e w B a by l on wa s b a s e d on t wo i d e a s : on e i s t h e te c h n ol og y a n d t h e e f f i c i e n c y w h i c h i s g oi n g to l i b e rate t i m e for u s s o we w i l l h ave a l ot of t i me to e n joy l i fe, i t w i l l fos te r a ve r y i n n ovat i ve s oc i e t y c a u s e we’ l l h ave s o m u c h f re e t i m e t h at we’ l l h ave t i m e to i n n ovate, to b e a r t i s t s, c re ate, to t h i n k . An d t h at wa s d on e i n t h e 6 0 s. I t ’s ju s t to p u t on t h e t a b l e t h at n o m at te r h ow you c a l l i t : s m a r t, i nte l l i g e nt, e f f i c i e nt, t h i s i s a re vol u t i on a n d d i gi t a l te c h n ol og y i s h e l p i n g u s to g o on e s te p f u r t h e r. H ow you u s e i t i s u p to you. You wa nt to u s e a te c h n ol og y to wor k 2 d ays a n d s p e n d 2 2 d ays t h i n k i n g a b ou t t h e s ex of t h e a n g e l s, i t ’s u p to you, t h e te c h n ol og y i s s i mp l y a tool. Th e c i t y s h ou l d b e p l e a s a nt, s h ou l d b e n i ce, s h ou l d b e s l ow, s h ou l d b e f a s t, w h ate ve r you d e c i d e. You ma k e t h e d e c i s i on h ow to s p e n d you r l i fe. Th e c i t i e s a re n ot s ma r t, w h o a re s ma r t a re t h e c i t i ze n s s o h ow you u s e t h e te c h n ol og y i s u p to you. Con ce r n i n g, you k n ow, h ow t h i s l e ve l i s u s e d, i t cou l d b e f rom a p h i l os op h i c a l p oi nt of v i e w or s i mp l y i n a m a n a g e m e nt p oi nt of v i e w. Th e m on e y i s comi n g f rom you a n d i s comi n g f rom e ve r yon e l i k e t h e Eu rop e a n U n i on , b u t i t ’s p a i d by t h e p e op l e. You h ave to org a n i ze a n d s e t u p n a m e s. Sma r t c i t y a s a n a m e a n d i t cou l d h ave b e e n a ny n a m e, i t d oe s n’t mat te r. From a d e f i n i t i on you s t a r t to d e f i n e l aws, to d e f i n e b ra n d s, a n d to h e l p you to gi ve you m on e y a n d you ma k e w h ate ve r. [ Ta l k a b ou t com p a n i e s, t h e y d i s a gre e a b ou t I d on’t k n ow w h at ] . I f you re a d t h e tex t, t h e grou n d of t h e Eu rop e a n U n i on , t h e y s ay ve r y c l e a r l y w h ate ve r te c h n ol og y you a p p l y to you r c i t y i t s h ou l d b e i nte rop e ra b i l i t y. Wh at t h i s me a n s ? M e a n s t h at a l l t h e te c h n ol ogi e s h ave to t a l k to e a c h ot h e r. I t ’s n ot a b ox. You c a n’t s ay you’ l l u s e my te c h n ol og y a n d g e t r i d of t h e ot h e r s. I t m e a n s t h at w h ate ve r t h e te c h n ol og y you u s e i t m u s t b e op e n , s o e ve r yon e c a n t a k e i t, m i x i t, d o w h at t h e y wa nt of t h i s te c h n ol og y. I t me a n s i t ’s n ot a b ou t p rof i t a b i l i t y c a u s e n owa d ays c i t i e s a re re je c t i n g p roje c t s of Si e me n s, Ap p l e, … Fi r s t of a l l b e c a u s e t h e y a re i n c re d i b l y exp e n s i ve a n d you h ave op t i on s to d o t h e s a me w i t h a te nt h of t h i s p r i ce K a re n : You h ave wor k e d on a ma s te r p l a n i n S cot l a n d, w h e re you h ave p l a n n e d to s e t u p a c i rc u l a r e con omy, h ow d oe s i t wor k a n d d o you t h i n k we c a n a p p l y i t i n a rc h i te c t u re ? J u d i t h Sy k e s ( U SP ) : Ye s, t h i s i s a p roje c t we’ve b e e n wor k i n g w i t h a n org a n i z at i on t h at i s l ook i n g at h ow to a c t u a l l y i m p l e me nt c i rc u l a r s ol u t i on i n p ra c t i ce. O n e of t h e c a s e s t u d i e s we

loo ked at was rec ycling the decommissi o n ed o i l r igs in S cotland for use elsewhere and s o w h at we fou nd was this ver y highly valuable m ater i a l wa s be ing sold and ac tually have a good u s e fo r constru c ti on, so we were wor k ing on fi n d i n g how you can build a business model to a c t u a l l y d r ive that flow of mater ial. The probl em w i t h constru c ti on in a circular economy is t h at i t ’s a fra gmented supply chain and mak i n g t h e re lationsh ip wor ks. All the sec tor are a l rea d y d oing qu ite well in reducing the vo lu m e o f mate r ia l t hey ’re using and the waste, we go t mu ch higher rec ycling rates. I t ’s all p a r t o f the tra nsition to a circular economy. Wh ere I think the industr y is going is look ing fo r m u c h more se nsors and track ing the mater i a l fl ows inte llig e ntly and then be able to reuse i t at t h e e nd o f the proj ec t life c ycle. However w h at we fou nd in all our sec tors of economy case s i s t h at the bu siness model is key and mak ing o p t i m a l cond itio ns for it to happen is quite chal l en gi n g.

t h e co n c rete. Th i s wa s n o t s u s t a i n a b le at a l l b u t at t h e en d t h e a d m i n i s t rat i o n a p p roved i t, a n d w h en I wa s l o o k i n g at t h e p ro j ec t I wa s li k e well, ever y t h i n g i s s o ld, i t ’s s u p er s u s t a i n a b l e ( i ro ny ) . Th i s i s ver y fa r fro m s u s t a i n a b i l i t y. I n gen era l t h e co n cep t a n d t h e i d ea b eh i n d a re ver y go o d b u t ever y t h i n g h a s to b e c a refu lly a n a ly zed fro m ea c h p o i nt o f vi ew. An d wh at ’s i m p o r t a nt i s t h at yo u wi l l b e p la n n i n g t h e c i t i es o n t h e fu t u re, s o yo u s h o u l d m a k e s u re t h at t h e s m a r t c i t i es w i ll b e s u s t a i n a b le i n t h e r i ght way.

I nè s : Ca n the smar t cities we are talk in g a b o u t be su sta in able solutions as future cities ?

M at h i ld e M a ren go ( I A AC ) : Bu t wh at d o we d o with all the cars ?

M athild e M arengo ( IAAC ) : I t depends o n h ow yo u d e fine a smar t cit y and a sustainabl e c i t y.

An d reu Ulli ed ( M c r i t ) : Th e co n cep t o f t h e c a r i s o b s o l ete.

C hia ra Fa r inea ( IAAC ) : O f course mak in g a c i t y sma r t is a n effor t to mak ing it more sust a i n a b l e, inte llig e nt, and also from a social point o f vi ew, a fa ir cit y. Then with smar t cities there i s a l ways the r isk to have a presentation of the p ro j ec t a s a sma r t proj ec t but if you study it in de p t h , n o t re a lly. M y advice is always evaluate what yo u’re loo k ing at and what you’re proposed as a s m a r t cit y. O f course for ex ample the European Un i o n is pre se nt ing the smar t cities as a good i ntent i o n bu t it ’s a lways good to ver ify what you’re to l d from seve ral points of view, from a logica l p o i nt o f v ie w bu t also from a social and economic a l p o i nt of v ie w. S ometimes what is seen as a sus t a i n a b l e cit y isn’t really ecologically sustainab l e. Fo r exa mple, there’s a proj ec t in G eneva , w h i c h wa s so ld as a ver y ecological proj ec t a n d t h ere wa s the development of an ex isting site o n t h e sea . I t was about the construc tion of bu i l d i n gs in the water front, like a beach water fro nt, a n d u nd e r neat h was the concrete. This concrete wa s not ve r y ecological, so it was decided to m ove i t a nd re pla ce it with some ground mater i a ls. Bu t a c tu a lly if you already have this, you do n’t n eed to su bstitute it, it ’s not ecological in the way yo u have to make a mater ial to replace the ex i s t i n g a nd get r id of it, and it ’s not econ o m i c a l l y su sta ina b le. That was j ust to say we ge t free o f

Lu i s Fa l co n ( I n At la s ) : Wh at d o yo u d o w i t h c a r s, t h i s i s t h e qu es t i o n ?

An d re Ul l i ed ( M c r i t ) : I n t h e 6 0 s, t h e d i s r u p t i ve tec h n o lo gy fo r t h e c i t i es wa s t h e c a r s. Ca r s c h a n ged t h e c i t i es a l l over t h e wo r l d. Th e h a b i t s a re evo l vi n g, elec t r i c a l c a r s, t h e way o f u s i n g c a r s, c a r s h a r i n g. S o c i t i es h ave great o p p o r t u n i t i es to b eco m e great p l a ces to l i ve. Th ey h ave t h e a d va nt a ge o f t h e co n cent rat i o n o f t h e a c t i vi t y. To rem ove t h e n o i s e, t h e p o llu t i o n , t h e s p a ce t a k en by c a r s i s a great o p p o r t u n i t y.

M at h i ld e M a ren go ( I A AC ) : Well t h e i s s u e i s t h at we’ve a l rea d y b een s o fa r i n s o r t o f d es t roy i n g t h e p l a n et t h at i t ’s i m p o s s i b l e to b e co m p l etely s u s t a i n a b le.

6 CREDITS

PLANNING HISTORICAL CITIES SYMPOSIUM was chaired by Elodie Nourrigat & Jacques Brion co-chaired by: Marion Moustey with the support of: Johan Laure, Marine Pierson & Guillaume Girod Thanks to: CRDP de Montpellier and : le Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Montpellier l’Union Européenne ERASMUS + la région Occitanie Thau Agglo la Ville de Sète Vinci Autoroute Technal Technilum Arts Hélio le Géant des Beaux Arts l’Association Archipel - ENSAM l’Association Focus - ENSAM Volum Acb-Ilo

KAAU partners: Vassili Beillas – TECHNILUM Nicola Canessa – UNIGE Andrea Caridi - DARTS Chiara Farinea - IAAC Luis Falcon – InAtlas Manuel Gausa - UNIGE Marité Guevara – MCRIT Mathilde Marengo - IAAC Areti Markopoulou - IAAC Ramon Prat - ACTAR Claudia Roselló - Santa & Cole Àfrica Sabé - Santa & Cole Judith Sykes – USP Andreu Ulied – MCRIT Benoît Saes - Technilum Agnes Jullian - Technilum Oliver Broadbent - USP