CLICKHERETO DOWNLOAD
flAbstractThedispersionmediuminthedrillinguid)Thedrillingfluidsaregenerallyclassifiedunderthreedistinctclassessuchaswater-baseddrillingfluids,oilbaseddrillingfluidsandsynthetic-baseddrillingfluidsDrillingfluids,whichrepresenttillonefifth(to%)ofthetotalcostofwellpetroleumdrilling,mustgenerally complywiththreeimportantrequirements:theyshouldbe,i)Drillingfluidsthatareliquidarecommonlyreferredtoasdrillingmudorsimply,mud(fig)However, notalldrillingfluidsareliquidThetermof“drillingfluids”Generally,adrillingfluidcanbeclassifiedaccordingtoitsprincipalfluidphase,ie,water,oil,orgasflfl SaltwatersystemsflDrillingFluidsFunctionsAlthoughthedrillingofawellisacomplexoperationinvolvingmanydifferentmechanicalelementsandprocesses,the singlemostimportantfactoruponwhichthesuccessfulcompletionofthewelldependsisthedrilling-fluidcirculationsystemThreekeyfactorsusuallydeterminethe typeoffluidselectedforGas(suchasairandnaturalgas)usedasdrillinguidiscalledgasdrillinguidThefluidsusedduringcompletionsareoftenreferredtoas workoverandcomple-tion(WOC)fluids,clearbrinesand/orpackerfluids.TheThecommonlyuseddrillingfluidsandtheirfunctionsandpropertiesarebriefly introducedinthischapter.uidadditives.Gasdrillinguidcanenhancethedrillingrateandprotectthereservoirs,butithas.Frequently,thetermswaterbaseandoil baseareusedtodistinguishdrillingCompositionsofDrillingFluidThesefluidsareablendofliquidandsolidcomponents,eachdesignedtomodifyaspecific propertyofthedrillingfluidsuchasitsviscosityanddensityDrillingfluidisamajorfactorinthesuccessofthedrillingStepsthatmustbedone:SodaAsh NeutralizeCa+inthewaterofmud,sothatifexposedtoformationwatercontainingCa+high,mudremainsstableBentoniteIncreaseviscosity,controlwater ClassificationofdrillingfluidsAir,gas,andgaseousmixtures,suchasAbstract Forthesuccessfuldrillingofoilandgasdrilling,theInthedrillingapplications, themostcommonlyuseddrillingfluidsarewaterbasedDrillingFluidsWhendrillingwitharotaryrig,therigoperatornormallycirculatessometypeoffluidTo ensurethecarryingofthecuttings,theup-holevelocityofgasdrillingfluidintheannulusshouldbeoverm/s.drillingfluidsareessentialmaterials.WorldOil’sannual classificationoffluidsystems[1]listsninedistinctcategoriesofdrillingfluids,including:FreshwatersystemsDrillinguidgenerallyconsistsofdispersingmedium, dispersionagent,anddrilflPneumatic(air,mist,foam,gas)“fluid”systemsTheselectionandapplicationofdrillingfluidistobeheldjointlybetweenthedrilling contractor,theoperatorandthefluidssupplier(Cheraghian,G())Typesofdrillingfluids:ThetypesofdrillingfluidsaregivenbelowSimilartodrillingfluidsare so-calledcompletionfluidsthatareusedtofinishthewellafterdrillingiscompletedOilorsynthetic-basedsystemsAqueousdrillingfluids,DrillingDrillingfluids rangefromsimplywateroroiltocompressedfluidpropertiesandcirculationratesdeterminetheparasiticairandpneumaticfluidstomorecomplexwater8, CitationsDrillingfluidisnecessarybecauseit cleansthebottomofthehole,transportsbitcuttingstothesurface,coolsandlubricatesthebitanddrill stem,supportsthewallsofthewellboreperformanceofthedrillingfluidcandeterminethesuccessorfailureoftheactivity.