07 (ii) windows and glazed curtain walls

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Session 7 (II)

Windows and Glazed Curtain Walls 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Thermal and structural performance 7.3. Stick systems 7.4. Unit systems 7.5. Anchored structural glass 7.6. Blibliography

Based on the original presentations by Prof. Juan Alamillo. Adapted by Prof. Julián García julian.garciam@upm.es Translated by Luis M. Martín

SSG (structural silicone glazed) Curtain Wall System

07 (II). Windows and Glazed Curtain Walls

7.1. Introduction Glazed Curtain Walls.

Nonbearing facades, usually based on a strong mullion, vision glasses and opaque spandrels.

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According to EN 13830, a curtain wall is a lightweight façade, and therefore a “vertical exterior enclosure” based on two main elements. On the one hand a frame, mainly made of metal, wood or PVC-U, generally forming vertical and horizontal structural members, connected together and anchored to the supporting structure of the building. On the other, some finishing panels that they form a continuous surface, limiting the space and providing all the normal functions of an exterior wall, including weather control, resistance, etc. Basic characteristics are: · Lightness. They weigh considerably less than a conventional facade with similar or even superior performance. An approximate 50-80 kg / m2 can be estimated, very little compared to the 250-300 kg / m2 of conventional facade. · Thickness. More habitable interior space as a result of the small of the façade: 12-18 cm against the 25-30 cm of a conventional façade. · Production deadlines. Being an industrialized system, the production processes are much shorter than in conventional solutions. · Maintenance. Low maintenance and longer life (in general) than conventional facades. · Suspended Façade. Vertical elements (studs) are usually hung from the upper slab, and do not rely on the lower floor. · Expansion. The vertical expansion is resolved, in every floor. · Anchoring. The curtain wall is anchored to the building structure, usually in the edges of the floor elements with anchors with two or three dimensional regulations.

07 (II). Windows and Glazed Curtain Walls

7.2. Thermal and structural performance

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07 (II). Windows and Glazed Curtain Walls

Vertical elements hung from the upper slab, and are connected to the ones below but do not rely on them. That is a way to control vertical expansion is resolved, and also high rise building movements.

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Control tests. As for every industrialized element, the control of these façades is performed both in the factory and in the building site. Highly recommended, but not strictly compulsory, is the "in-situ" water tightness. This test should be performed according to the “UNE-EN 13051. Curtain walling, water tightness”. The test consists in spraying water over the finished facade at a rate and pressure established for a certain time, checking at the end of the study that there’s no water leakage inside.

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7.3. Stick Systems Tubular metal mullions assembled on site to glass and spandrel units. Vertical, horizontal or vertical+horizontal exterior design.

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Vertical and horizontal sections

WITEC 50 Hydro

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Installation

WITEC 50 Hydro

07 (II). Windows and Glazed Curtain Walls

Stick Systems. Tubular metal mullions assembled on site.

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7.4. Unit systems These systems consist of preasembled wall units, usually glazed with structural silicones or with the help of outer plates. They require less site labour.

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Vertical and horizontal sections

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7.5. Anchored structural glass The system consists of metallic knots, usually stainless steel or aluminum, with a spider form and ball joints at the ends that allow a flexible anchor for glass through some drills practiced in it. The exterior is smooth and continuous, with sealing gaskets.

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Installation

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7.8. Bibliography Herzog, T. et al (2004) Facade Construction Manual. Birkhäuser, Basel Knaack, U.; Klein, T.; Bilow, M.; Auer, T. (2007) Façades. Principles of Construction.

Birkhäuser, Basel Neila, F.J. et al. El comportamiento higrotérmico de la envolvente constructiva del edificio. Determinaciones del CTE. Instituto Juan de Herrera. Madrid, 2007.

Paricio, I. Vocabulario de arquitectura y construcción. Bisagra. Barcelona, 1999.

Poirazis, H. (2004) Double Skin Façades for Office Buildings. Division of Energy and Building Design. Department of Construction and Architecture. Lund Institute of Technology. Lund University.

Reichel, A. (2007) Open-Close. Windows, Doors, Filters. Birkhäuser, Basel Spanish regulations: · Código Técnico de la Edificación: · DB-H, especialmente el apartado 2.4.4.2, puntos singulares: http://www.codigotecnico.org/web/recursos/documentos/dbhs/hs1/100.html · DB-SI, DB-SUA, DB-HR y DB-SE-AE, especialmente 3.3.2, 3.4 y 3.5. · Normas UNE-EN 10077-1, UNE-EN 12210, UNE-EN 12207, UNE-EN 12208, UNE-EN 12400, UNE-EN 12567-1, UNE-EN 14351-1 y UNE-EN -ISO 140-3